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\section test test - perform tests on files and text
\subsection test-synopsis Synopsis
\fish{synopsis}
test [EXPRESSION]
[ [EXPRESSION] ]
\endfish
\subsection test-description Description
Tests the expression given and sets the exit status to 0 if true, and 1 if false. An expression is made up of one or more operators and their arguments.
The first form (`test`) is preferred. For compatibility with other shells, the second form is available: a matching pair of square brackets (`[ [EXPRESSION ] ]`).
This test is mostly POSIX-compatible.
\subsection test-files Operators for files and directories
- `-b FILE` returns true if `FILE` is a block device.
- `-c FILE` returns true if `FILE` is a character device.
- `-d FILE` returns true if `FILE` is a directory.
- `-e FILE` returns true if `FILE` exists.
- `-f FILE` returns true if `FILE` is a regular file.
- `-g FILE` returns true if `FILE` has the set-group-ID bit set.
- `-G FILE` returns true if `FILE` exists and has the same group ID as the current user.
- `-L FILE` returns true if `FILE` is a symbolic link.
- `-O FILE` returns true if `FILE` exists and is owned by the current user.
- `-p FILE` returns true if `FILE` is a named pipe.
- `-r FILE` returns true if `FILE` is marked as readable.
- `-s FILE` returns true if the size of `FILE` is greater than zero.
- `-S FILE` returns true if `FILE` is a socket.
- `-t FD` returns true if the file descriptor `FD` is a terminal (TTY).
- `-u FILE` returns true if `FILE` has the set-user-ID bit set.
- `-w FILE` returns true if `FILE` is marked as writable; note that this does not check if the filesystem is read-only.
- `-x FILE` returns true if `FILE` is marked as executable.
\subsection test-strings Operators for text strings
- `STRING1 = STRING2` returns true if the strings `STRING1` and `STRING2` are identical.
- `STRING1 != STRING2` returns true if the strings `STRING1` and `STRING2` are not identical.
- `-n STRING` returns true if the length of `STRING` is non-zero.
- `-z STRING` returns true if the length of `STRING` is zero.
\subsection test-numbers Operators to compare and examine numbers
- `NUM1 -eq NUM2` returns true if `NUM1` and `NUM2` are numerically equal.
- `NUM1 -ne NUM2` returns true if `NUM1` and `NUM2` are not numerically equal.
- `NUM1 -gt NUM2` returns true if `NUM1` is greater than `NUM2`.
- `NUM1 -ge NUM2` returns true if `NUM1` is greater than or equal to `NUM2`.
- `NUM1 -lt NUM2` returns true if `NUM1` is less than `NUM2`.
- `NUM1 -le NUM2` returns true if `NUM1` is less than or equal to `NUM2`.
Note that only integers are supported. For more complex mathematical operations, including fractions, the `env` program may be useful. Consult the documentation for your operating system.
\subsection test-combinators Operators to combine expressions
- `COND1 -a COND2` returns true if both `COND1` and `COND2` are true.
- `COND1 -o COND2` returns true if either `COND1` or `COND2` are true.
Expressions can be inverted using the `!` operator:
- `! EXPRESSION` returns true if `EXPRESSION` is false, and false if `EXPRESSION` is true.
Expressions can be grouped using parentheses.
- `( EXPRESSION )` returns the value of `EXPRESSION`.
Note that parentheses will usually require escaping with `\(` to avoid being interpreted as a command substitution.
\subsection test-example Examples
If the `/tmp` directory exists, copy the `/etc/motd` file to it:
\fish
if test -d /tmp
cp /etc/motd /tmp/motd
end
\endfish
If the variable `MANPATH` is defined and not empty, print the contents. (If `MANPATH` is not defined, then it will expand to zero arguments, unless quoted.)
\fish
if test -n "$MANPATH"
echo $MANPATH
end
\endfish
Parentheses and the `-o` and `-a` operators can be combined to produce more complicated expressions. In this example, success is printed if there is a `/foo` or `/bar` file as well as a `/baz` or `/bat` file.
\fish
if test \( -f /foo -o -f /bar \) -a \( -f /baz -o -f /bat \)
echo Success.
end.
\endfish
Numerical comparisons will simply fail if one of the operands is not a number:
\fish
if test 42 -eq "The answer to life, the universe and everything"
echo So long and thanks for all the fish # will not be executed
end
\endfish
A common comparison is with $status:
\fish
if test $status -eq 0
echo "Previous command succeeded"
end
\endfish
\subsection test-standards Standards
`test` implements a subset of the <a href="http://www.unix.com/man-page/POSIX/1/test/">IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (POSIX.1) standard</a>. The following exceptions apply:
- The `<` and `>` operators for comparing strings are not implemented.
- Because this test is a shell builtin and not a standalone utility, using the -c flag on a special file descriptors like standard input and output may not return the same result when invoked from within a pipe as one would expect when invoking the `test` utility in another shell.
In cases such as this, one can use `command` `test` to explicitly use the system's standalone `test` rather than this `builtin` `test`.
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