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+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_padding_optimizer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace cpp {
+
+namespace {
+
+// FieldGroup is just a helper for PaddingOptimizer below. It holds a vector of
+// fields that are grouped together because they have compatible alignment, and
+// a preferred location in the final field ordering.
+class FieldGroup {
+ public:
+ FieldGroup() : preferred_location_(0) {}
+
+ // A group with a single field.
+ FieldGroup(float preferred_location, const FieldDescriptor* field)
+ : preferred_location_(preferred_location), fields_(1, field) {}
+
+ // Append the fields in 'other' to this group.
+ void Append(const FieldGroup& other) {
+ if (other.fields_.empty()) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // Preferred location is the average among all the fields, so we weight by
+ // the number of fields on each FieldGroup object.
+ preferred_location_ = (preferred_location_ * fields_.size() +
+ (other.preferred_location_ * other.fields_.size())) /
+ (fields_.size() + other.fields_.size());
+ fields_.insert(fields_.end(), other.fields_.begin(), other.fields_.end());
+ }
+
+ void SetPreferredLocation(float location) { preferred_location_ = location; }
+ const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields() const { return fields_; }
+
+ // FieldGroup objects sort by their preferred location.
+ bool operator<(const FieldGroup& other) const {
+ return preferred_location_ < other.preferred_location_;
+ }
+
+ private:
+ // "preferred_location_" is an estimate of where this group should go in the
+ // final list of fields. We compute this by taking the average index of each
+ // field in this group in the original ordering of fields. This is very
+ // approximate, but should put this group close to where its member fields
+ // originally went.
+ float preferred_location_;
+ std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields_;
+ // We rely on the default copy constructor and operator= so this type can be
+ // used in a vector.
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+// Reorder 'fields' so that if the fields are output into a c++ class in the new
+// order, fields of similar family (see below) are together and within each
+// family, alignment padding is minimized.
+//
+// We try to do this while keeping each field as close as possible to its field
+// number order so that we don't reduce cache locality much for function that
+// access each field in order. Originally, OptimizePadding used declaration
+// order for its decisions, but generated code minus the serializer/parsers uses
+// the output of OptimizePadding as well (stored in
+// MessageGenerator::optimized_order_). Since the serializers use field number
+// order, we use that as a tie-breaker.
+//
+// We classify each field into a particular "family" of fields, that we perform
+// the same operation on in our generated functions.
+//
+// REPEATED is placed first, as the C++ compiler automatically initializes
+// these fields in layout order.
+//
+// STRING is grouped next, as our Clear/SharedCtor/SharedDtor walks it and
+// calls ArenaStringPtr::Destroy on each.
+//
+//
+// MESSAGE is grouped next, as our Clear/SharedDtor code walks it and calls
+// delete on each. We initialize these fields with a NULL pointer (see
+// MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode), which allows them to be
+// memset.
+//
+// ZERO_INITIALIZABLE is memset in Clear/SharedCtor
+//
+// OTHER these fields are initialized one-by-one.
+void PaddingOptimizer::OptimizeLayout(
+ std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* fields, const Options& options) {
+ // The sorted numeric order of Family determines the declaration order in the
+ // memory layout.
+ enum Family {
+ REPEATED = 0,
+ STRING = 1,
+ MESSAGE = 3,
+ ZERO_INITIALIZABLE = 4,
+ OTHER = 5,
+ kMaxFamily
+ };
+
+ // First divide fields into those that align to 1 byte, 4 bytes or 8 bytes.
+ std::vector<FieldGroup> aligned_to_1[kMaxFamily];
+ std::vector<FieldGroup> aligned_to_4[kMaxFamily];
+ std::vector<FieldGroup> aligned_to_8[kMaxFamily];
+ for (int i = 0; i < fields->size(); ++i) {
+ const FieldDescriptor* field = (*fields)[i];
+
+ Family f = OTHER;
+ if (field->is_repeated()) {
+ f = REPEATED;
+ } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+ f = STRING;
+ } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+ f = MESSAGE;
+
+ } else if (CanInitializeByZeroing(field)) {
+ f = ZERO_INITIALIZABLE;
+ }
+
+ const int j = field->number();
+ switch (EstimateAlignmentSize(field)) {
+ case 1:
+ aligned_to_1[f].push_back(FieldGroup(j, field));
+ break;
+ case 4:
+ aligned_to_4[f].push_back(FieldGroup(j, field));
+ break;
+ case 8:
+ aligned_to_8[f].push_back(FieldGroup(j, field));
+ break;
+ default:
+ GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown alignment size " << EstimateAlignmentSize(field)
+ << "for a field " << field->full_name() << ".";
+ }
+ }
+
+ // For each family, group fields to optimize padding.
+ for (int f = 0; f < kMaxFamily; f++) {
+ // Now group fields aligned to 1 byte into sets of 4, and treat those like a
+ // single field aligned to 4 bytes.
+ for (int i = 0; i < aligned_to_1[f].size(); i += 4) {
+ FieldGroup field_group;
+ for (int j = i; j < aligned_to_1[f].size() && j < i + 4; ++j) {
+ field_group.Append(aligned_to_1[f][j]);
+ }
+ aligned_to_4[f].push_back(field_group);
+ }
+ // Sort by preferred location to keep fields as close to their field number
+ // order as possible. Using stable_sort ensures that the output is
+ // consistent across runs.
+ std::stable_sort(aligned_to_4[f].begin(), aligned_to_4[f].end());
+
+ // Now group fields aligned to 4 bytes (or the 4-field groups created above)
+ // into pairs, and treat those like a single field aligned to 8 bytes.
+ for (int i = 0; i < aligned_to_4[f].size(); i += 2) {
+ FieldGroup field_group;
+ for (int j = i; j < aligned_to_4[f].size() && j < i + 2; ++j) {
+ field_group.Append(aligned_to_4[f][j]);
+ }
+ if (i == aligned_to_4[f].size() - 1) {
+ if (f == OTHER) {
+ // Move incomplete 4-byte block to the beginning. This is done to
+ // pair with the (possible) leftover blocks from the
+ // ZERO_INITIALIZABLE family.
+ field_group.SetPreferredLocation(-1);
+ } else {
+ // Move incomplete 4-byte block to the end.
+ field_group.SetPreferredLocation(fields->size() + 1);
+ }
+ }
+ aligned_to_8[f].push_back(field_group);
+ }
+ // Sort by preferred location.
+ std::stable_sort(aligned_to_8[f].begin(), aligned_to_8[f].end());
+ }
+
+ // Now pull out all the FieldDescriptors in order.
+ fields->clear();
+ for (int f = 0; f < kMaxFamily; ++f) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < aligned_to_8[f].size(); ++i) {
+ fields->insert(fields->end(), aligned_to_8[f][i].fields().begin(),
+ aligned_to_8[f][i].fields().end());
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+} // namespace cpp
+} // namespace compiler
+} // namespace protobuf
+} // namespace google