Optimize GC churn of parameter bindings performed before each user defined function call.

This is the 2nd attempt at this commit. The first attempt (https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/commit/f1013485d41efd8503f9d4f937e17d1b4bc91ed3) was rolled back because it introduced the following two bugs:
(1) The side effects of Environment#enterScope are relevant: it creates and stores a new Continuation that has a reference to the set currently referenced by 'knownGlobalVariables', and then overwrites the value of the variable. When there are e.g. nested function calls, 'knownGlobalVariables' will be wrong in the Environment used to stage the inner call (see the added test for an example).
(2) The finally block in UserDefinedFunction#call assumes the env.enterScope was called. Because of the EvalException (incorrectly) thrown due to (1), this is no longer true.

I restructured the code such that (2) isn't possible and I also added a unit test that would have caught the two bugs.

In my first attempt, I was doing too much - I was also trying to save the CPU-costs in the env.update call (dispatches to the just-created lexical frame, and calls LexicalFrame#put, which does an unnecessary mutability sanity check, etc) and in doing so completely missed the above bugs. Sorry.

RELNOTES: None
PiperOrigin-RevId: 188411737

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