path: root/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/training_eager.py

# Copyright 2018 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================
"""Keras training and evaluation routines for eager execution.
"""
# pylint: disable=protected-access
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import copy

import numpy as np

from tensorflow.python.data.ops import iterator_ops
from tensorflow.python.eager.backprop import GradientTape
from tensorflow.python.framework import errors
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
from tensorflow.python.framework import tensor_util
from tensorflow.python.keras import backend
from tensorflow.python.keras import callbacks as cbks
from tensorflow.python.keras.engine import training_utils
from tensorflow.python.keras.utils import generic_utils
from tensorflow.python.platform import tf_logging as logging


def _eager_loss_fn(outputs, targets, loss_fn, output_name):
  with backend.name_scope(output_name + '_loss'):
    loss = loss_fn(targets, outputs)
  return loss


def _eager_metrics_fn(model, outputs, targets, sample_weights=None, masks=None):
  """Calculates the metrics for each output of the given model.

  Arguments:
      model: The model on which metrics are being calculated.
      outputs: The outputs of the given model.
      targets: The predictions or targets of the given model.
      sample_weights: Optional list of sample weights for each output.
      masks: Optional list of masks for each output.

  Returns:
      Returns the metric results for each output of the model.
  """
  outputs = generic_utils.to_list(outputs)
  targets = generic_utils.to_list(targets)
  # TODO(psv): Consider supporting skip target indices in eager mode?
  metric_results = model._handle_metrics(
      outputs, targets=targets, sample_weights=sample_weights, masks=masks)
  return [backend.mean(t) for t in metric_results]


def _model_loss(model, inputs, targets, sample_weights=None, training=False):
  """Calculates the loss for a given model.

  Arguments:
      model: The model on which metrics are being calculated.
      inputs: Either a dictionary of inputs to the model or a list of input
        arrays.
      targets: List of target arrays.
      sample_weights: Optional list of sample weight arrays.
      training: Whether the model should be run in inference or training mode.

  Returns:
     Returns the model output, total loss, loss value calculated using the
     specified loss function and masks for each output. The total loss includes
     regularization losses and applies masking and sample weighting
     to the loss value.
  """
  total_loss = 0
  kwargs = {}
  if model._expects_training_arg:
    kwargs['training'] = training
  if len(inputs) == 1 and not isinstance(inputs, dict):
    inputs = inputs[0]

  if model._compute_output_and_mask_jointly:
    outs, masks = model._call_and_compute_mask(inputs, **kwargs)
    masks = generic_utils.to_list(masks)
  else:
    outs = model.call(inputs, **kwargs)
    masks = None

  outs = generic_utils.to_list(outs)
  if masks is None:
    masks = [None for _ in outs]
  targets = generic_utils.to_list(targets)

  loss_metrics = []
  with backend.name_scope('loss'):
    for i, loss_fn in enumerate(model.loss_functions):
      if sample_weights:
        weights = sample_weights[i]
      else:
        weights = None
      mask = masks[i]

      weighted_masked_fn = training_utils.weighted_masked_objective(loss_fn)
      with backend.name_scope(model.output_names[i] + '_loss'):
        output_loss = weighted_masked_fn(
            targets[i], outs[i], weights, mask=mask)
      # If the number of outputs is 1 then we don't append the loss metric
      # associated with each model output. When there are multiple outputs
      # associated with a model, each output's loss is calculated and returned
      # as part of the loss_metrics.
      if len(model.outputs) > 1:
        loss_metrics.append(backend.mean(output_loss))

      loss_weight = model.loss_weights_list[i]
      if total_loss is None:
        total_loss = loss_weight * output_loss
      else:
        total_loss += loss_weight * output_loss

    total_loss = backend.mean(total_loss)
    # Add regularization losses
    custom_losses = []
    for layer in model.layers:
      if layer.losses:
        custom_losses += layer.losses

    if custom_losses:
      total_loss += sum(custom_losses)

  return outs, total_loss, loss_metrics, masks


def iterator_fit_loop(model,
                      inputs,
                      class_weight,
                      steps_per_epoch,
                      epoch_logs,
                      val_inputs=None,
                      val_targets=None,
                      val_sample_weights=None,
                      epochs=1,
                      verbose=1,
                      callbacks=None,
                      validation_steps=None,
                      do_validation=False,
                      batch_size=None):
  """Fit function for eager execution when input is given as dataset iterator.

  Updates the given epoch logs.

  Arguments:
      model: Instance of the `Model`.
      inputs: Input dataset iterator.
      class_weight: Optional class-weight array to weight the importance of
          samples in `inputs` based on the class they belong to, as conveyed by
          the targets from the `inputs` iterator.
      steps_per_epoch: Total number of steps (batches of samples)
          before declaring one epoch finished and starting the
          next epoch.
      epoch_logs: Dictionary of logs from every epoch.
      val_inputs: Input data for validation.
      val_targets: Target data for validation.
      val_sample_weights: Sample weight data for validation.
      epochs: Number of times to iterate over the data
      verbose: Verbosity mode, 0, 1 or 2
      callbacks: CallbackList instance. Controls callbacks during training.
      validation_steps: Number of steps to run validation for (only if doing
        validation from data tensors). Ignored with default value of `None`.
      do_validation: Boolean value indicating whether we should do validation.
      batch_size: int, val_inputs and val_targets will be evaled batch by
        batch with size batch_size if they are array.

  Raises:
      ValueError: In case of mismatch between given number of inputs and
        expectations of the model.
  """
  assert isinstance(inputs, iterator_ops.EagerIterator)

  # make sure either x,y or x,y,sample_weights is provided
  if (not isinstance(inputs.output_shapes, (list, tuple)) or
      len(inputs.output_shapes) not in (2, 3)):
    raise ValueError('Please provide either inputs and targets '
                     'or inputs, targets, and sample_weights')

  for step_index in range(steps_per_epoch):
    batch_logs = {'batch': step_index, 'size': 1}
    callbacks.on_batch_begin(step_index, batch_logs)

    # Get data from the iterator.
    try:
      next_element = inputs.get_next()
    except errors.OutOfRangeError:
      logging.warning(
          'Your dataset iterator ran out of data; interrupting training. Make '
          'sure that your dataset can generate at least '
          '`steps_per_epoch * epochs` batches (in this case, %d batches). You '
          'may need to use the repeat() function when building your '
          'dataset.' % steps_per_epoch * epochs)
      break

    if len(inputs.output_shapes) == 2:
      x, y = next_element
      sample_weights = None
    else:
      x, y, sample_weights = next_element

    # Validate and standardize data.
    x, y, sample_weights = model._standardize_user_data(
        x, y, sample_weight=sample_weights, class_weight=class_weight)
    x = training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(x)
    y = training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(y)
    if sample_weights:
      sample_weights = [
          training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(
              ops.convert_to_tensor(val, dtype=backend.floatx()))
          if val is not None else None for val in sample_weights
      ]

    # Set stateful_metrics in callbacks. We do not do this before the
    # `steps_per_epoch` loop because model will be compiled only in the first
    # iteration of this loop in the deferred build scenario.
    if step_index == 0:
      for cbk in callbacks:
        if (isinstance(cbk, cbks.BaseLogger) or
            isinstance(cbk, cbks.ProgbarLogger)):
          cbk.stateful_metrics = model.stateful_metric_names

    if step_index == 0 and not callbacks.params['metrics']:
      callback_metrics = copy.copy(model.metrics_names)
      if do_validation:
        callback_metrics += ['val_' + n for n in model.metrics_names]
      callbacks.set_params({
          'batch_size': batch_size,
          'epochs': epochs,
          'steps': steps_per_epoch,
          'verbose': verbose,
          'do_validation': do_validation,
          'metrics': callback_metrics or [],
          'validation_steps': validation_steps
      })

    # Train model.
    outs, loss, loss_metrics, masks = _process_single_batch(
        model, x, y, sample_weights=sample_weights, training=True)
    outs = generic_utils.to_list(outs)

    # Calculate metrics.
    for l, o in zip(model.metrics_names, outs):
      batch_logs[l] = o
    # Required for eager execution
    metrics_results = _eager_metrics_fn(
        model, outs, y, sample_weights=sample_weights, masks=masks)
    batch_logs['loss'] = tensor_util.constant_value(backend.mean(loss))

    for k, v in zip(model.metrics_names,
                    [backend.mean(loss)] + loss_metrics + metrics_results):
      batch_logs[k] = tensor_util.constant_value(v)
    callbacks.on_batch_end(step_index, batch_logs)
    if callbacks.model.stop_training:
      break

    if step_index == steps_per_epoch - 1:
      if do_validation:
        val_outs = test_loop(
            model,
            val_inputs,
            val_targets,
            sample_weights=val_sample_weights,
            steps=validation_steps,
            verbose=0,
            batch_size=batch_size)
        if not isinstance(val_outs, list):
          val_outs = [val_outs]
        # Same labels assumed.
        for l, o in zip(model.metrics_names, val_outs):
          epoch_logs['val_' + l] = o


def iterator_test_loop(model, inputs, steps, verbose=0):
  """Test function for eager execution when input is given as dataset iterator.

  Arguments:
      model: Model instance that is being evaluated in Eager mode.
      inputs: Input dataset iterator.
      steps: Total number of steps (batches of samples) before declaring
      predictions finished.
      verbose: Verbosity mode.

  Returns:
      Scalar loss (if the model has a single output and no metrics)
      or list of scalars (if the model has multiple outputs
      and/or metrics). The attribute `model.metrics_names` will give you
      the display labels for the scalar outputs.

  Raises:
      ValueError: In case of mismatch between given number of inputs and
        expectations of the model.
  """
  assert isinstance(inputs, iterator_ops.EagerIterator)
  # make sure either x,y or x,y,sample_weights is provided
  if (not isinstance(inputs.output_shapes, (list, tuple)) or
      len(inputs.output_shapes) < 2 or len(inputs.output_shapes) > 3):
    raise ValueError('Please provide either inputs and targets'
                     'or inputs, targets, and sample_weights')
  outs = []
  num_samples = 0
  if verbose == 1:
    progbar = generic_utils.Progbar(target=steps)
  for step_index in range(steps):
    # Get data from the iterator.
    try:
      next_element = inputs.get_next()
    except errors.OutOfRangeError:
      logging.warning(
          'Your dataset iterator ran out of data interrupting testing. '
          'Make sure that your dataset can generate at least `steps` batches '
          '(in this case, %d batches). You may need to use the repeat() '
          'function when building your dataset.', steps)
      break

    if len(inputs.output_shapes) == 2:
      x, y = next_element
      sample_weights = None
    else:
      x, y, sample_weights = next_element

    # Validate and standardize data.
    x, y, sample_weights = model._standardize_user_data(
        x, y, sample_weight=sample_weights)
    x = training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(x)
    y = training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(y)
    if sample_weights:
      sample_weights = [
          training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(
              ops.convert_to_tensor(val, dtype=backend.floatx()))
          if val is not None else None for val in sample_weights
      ]

    if step_index == 0:
      # Get stateful metrics indices. We do not do this before the `steps` loop
      # because model will be compiled only in the first iteration of this loop
      # in the deferred build scenario.
      if hasattr(model, 'metrics'):
        for m in model.stateful_metric_functions:
          m.reset_states()
        stateful_metric_indices = [
            i for i, name in enumerate(model.metrics_names)
            if str(name) in model.stateful_metric_names
        ]
      else:
        stateful_metric_indices = []

    # Calculate model output, loss values.
    loss_outs, loss, loss_metrics, masks = _model_loss(
        model, x, y, sample_weights=sample_weights, training=False)
    metrics_results = _eager_metrics_fn(
        model, loss_outs, y, sample_weights=sample_weights, masks=masks)
    batch_outs = []
    for _, v in zip(model.metrics_names,
                    [backend.mean(loss)] + loss_metrics + metrics_results):
      batch_outs.append(tensor_util.constant_value(v))

    # Get current step size.
    if isinstance(x, list):
      step_size = x[0].get_shape().as_list()[0]
    elif isinstance(x, dict):
      step_size = list(x.values())[0].get_shape().as_list()[0]
    else:
      step_size = x.get_shape().as_list()[0]

    # Accumulate results in output array.
    if not isinstance(batch_outs, list):
      batch_outs = [batch_outs]
    if step_index == 0:
      for _ in enumerate(batch_outs):
        outs.append(0.)
    for i, batch_out in enumerate(batch_outs):
      if i in stateful_metric_indices:
        outs[i] = batch_out
      else:
        outs[i] += batch_out * step_size

    # Calculate sample size.
    num_samples += step_size
    if verbose == 1:
      progbar.update(step_index + 1)

  for i in range(len(outs)):
    if i not in stateful_metric_indices:
      outs[i] /= num_samples
  if len(outs) == 1:
    return outs[0]
  return outs


def iterator_predict_loop(model, inputs, steps, verbose=0):
  """Predict function for eager execution when input is dataset iterator.

  Arguments:
      model: Instance of `Model`.
      inputs: Input dataset iterator.
      steps: Total number of steps (batches of samples) before declaring
          `_predict_loop` finished.
      verbose: Verbosity mode.

  Returns:
      Array of predictions (if the model has a single output)
      or list of arrays of predictions (if the model has multiple outputs).

  Raises:
      ValueError: In case of mismatch between given number of inputs and
        expectations of the model.
  """
  assert isinstance(inputs, iterator_ops.EagerIterator)
  if not isinstance(inputs.output_shapes,
                    (list, tuple)) or len(inputs.output_shapes) > 3:
    raise ValueError(
        'Please provide data as a list or tuple of 1, 2, or 3 elements '
        ' - `(input)`, or `(input, target)`, or `(input, target,'
        'sample_weights)`. Received %s. We do not use the `target` or'
        '`sample_weights` value here.' % inputs.output_shapes)
  outs = []
  if verbose == 1:
    progbar = generic_utils.Progbar(target=steps)
  for step_index in range(steps):
    # Get data from the iterator.
    try:
      next_element = inputs.get_next()
    except errors.OutOfRangeError:
      logging.warning(
          'Your dataset iterator ran out of data; interrupting prediction. '
          'Make sure that your dataset can generate at least `steps` batches '
          '(in this case, %d batches). You may need to use the repeat() '
          'function when building your dataset.', steps)
      break

    # expects a tuple, where first element of tuple represents inputs
    x = next_element[0]

    # Validate and standardize data.
    x, _, _ = model._standardize_user_data(x)
    x = training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(x)

    if isinstance(x, list) and len(x) == 1:
      x = x[0]

    if model._expects_training_arg:
      batch_outs = model.call(x, training=False)
    else:
      batch_outs = model.call(x)
    if not isinstance(batch_outs, list):
      batch_outs = [batch_outs]

    # We collect the results from every step and then concatenate them once
    # in the end. This is an expensive process. We are doing this because we
    # do not know the number of samples beforehand.
    if step_index == 0:
      for _ in batch_outs:
        outs.append([])
    for i, batch_out in enumerate(batch_outs):
      outs[i].append(backend.get_value(batch_out))

    if verbose == 1:
      progbar.update(step_index + 1)
  for i, out in enumerate(outs):
    outs[i] = np.concatenate(tuple(out), axis=0)
  if len(outs) == 1:
    return outs[0]
  return outs


def _process_single_batch(model,
                          inputs,
                          targets,
                          sample_weights=None,
                          training=False):
  """Calculate the loss and gradient for one input batch.

     The model weights are updated if training is set to True.

  Arguments:
      model: Model whose loss has to be calculated.
      inputs: List of input arrays.
      targets: List of target arrays.
      sample_weights: Optional list of sample weight arrays.
      training: The boolean represents if the weights of the model are updated.
              'fit' methods will set this to True while 'evaluate' methods will
              set this to False.

  Returns:
      output of the model, total loss, the loss and the mask
      associated with each output.

  Raises:
      ValueError: If the model has no loss to optimize.
  """
  with backend.learning_phase_scope(1 if training else 0):
    with GradientTape() as tape:
      outs, loss, loss_metrics, masks = _model_loss(
          model,
          inputs,
          targets,
          sample_weights=sample_weights,
          training=training)
      if loss is None:
        raise ValueError('The model cannot be run '
                         'because it has no loss to optimize.')
    if training:
      if not model._collected_trainable_weights:
        logging.warning('The list of trainable weights is empty. Make sure that'
                        ' you are not setting model.trainable to False before '
                        'compiling the model.')
      else:
        grads = tape.gradient(loss, model._collected_trainable_weights)
        model.optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(grads,
                                            model._collected_trainable_weights))
    return outs, loss, loss_metrics, masks


def train_on_batch(model, inputs, targets, sample_weights=None):
  """Calculates the loss and gradient updates for one input batch.

  Arguments:
      model: Model whose loss has to be calculated.
      inputs: Input batch data.
      targets: Target batch data.
      sample_weights: Sample weight batch data.

  Returns:
      total loss and the loss associated with each output.
  """
  if len(inputs) and tensor_util.is_tensor(inputs[0]):
    inputs = training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(inputs)
    targets = training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(targets)
  else:
    inputs = [
        ops.convert_to_tensor(val, dtype=backend.floatx()) for val in inputs
    ]
    targets = [
        ops.convert_to_tensor(val, dtype=backend.floatx()) for val in targets
    ]
  if sample_weights:
    sample_weights = [
        ops.convert_to_tensor(val, dtype=backend.floatx())
        if val is not None else None for val in sample_weights
    ]

  outs, loss, loss_metrics, masks = _process_single_batch(
      model, inputs, targets, sample_weights=sample_weights, training=True)
  if not isinstance(outs, list):
    outs = [outs]
  metrics_results = _eager_metrics_fn(
      model, outs, targets, sample_weights=sample_weights, masks=masks)
  loss = generic_utils.to_list(loss)

  return [
      tensor_util.constant_value(v)
      for v in loss + loss_metrics + metrics_results
  ]


def test_on_batch(model, inputs, targets, sample_weights=None):
  """Calculates the loss for one input batch.

  Arguments:
      model: Model whose loss has to be calculated.
      inputs: Input batch data.
      targets: Target batch data.
      sample_weights: Sample weight batch data.

  Returns:
      total loss, loss and metrics associated with each output.
  """
  if len(inputs) and tensor_util.is_tensor(inputs[0]):
    inputs = training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(inputs)
    targets = training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(targets)
  else:
    inputs = [
        ops.convert_to_tensor(val, dtype=backend.floatx()) for val in inputs
    ]
    targets = [
        ops.convert_to_tensor(val, dtype=backend.floatx()) for val in targets
    ]
  if sample_weights:
    sample_weights = [
        ops.convert_to_tensor(val, dtype=backend.floatx())
        if val is not None else None for val in sample_weights
    ]
  outs, loss, loss_metrics, masks = _model_loss(
      model, inputs, targets, sample_weights=sample_weights, training=False)
  if not isinstance(outs, list):
    outs = [outs]
  metrics_results = _eager_metrics_fn(
      model, outs, targets, sample_weights=sample_weights, masks=masks)
  loss = generic_utils.to_list(loss)

  return [
      tensor_util.constant_value(v)
      for v in loss + loss_metrics + metrics_results
  ]


def fit_loop(model,
             inputs,
             targets,
             sample_weights=None,
             class_weight=None,
             val_inputs=None,
             val_targets=None,
             val_sample_weights=None,
             batch_size=None,
             epochs=1,
             verbose=1,
             callbacks=None,
             shuffle=True,
             initial_epoch=0,
             steps_per_epoch=None,
             validation_steps=None):
  """Fit function for eager execution.

  Arguments:
      model: Instance of the model that is being executed in Eager mode.
      inputs: List of input arrays.
      targets: List of target arrays.
      sample_weights: Optional list of sample weight arrays.
      class_weight: Optional class-weight array to weight the importance of
          samples in `inputs` based on the class they belong to, as conveyed by
          `targets`.
      val_inputs: Input data for validation.
      val_targets: Target data for validation.
      val_sample_weights: Sample weight data for validation.
      batch_size: Integer batch size or None if unknown.
      epochs: Number of times to iterate over the data
      verbose: Verbosity mode, 0, 1 or 2
      callbacks: List of callbacks to be called during training
      shuffle: Whether to shuffle the data at the beginning of each epoch
      initial_epoch: Epoch at which to start training
          (useful for resuming a previous training run)
      steps_per_epoch: Total number of steps (batches of samples)
          before declaring one epoch finished and starting the
          next epoch. Ignored with the default value of `None`.
      validation_steps: Number of steps to run validation for (only if doing
        validation from data tensors). Ignored with default value of `None`.

  Returns:
      `History` object.

  Raises:
    ValueError: In case of invalid argument values.
  """
  # Convert training inputs to an EagerIterator
  inputs, steps_per_epoch = training_utils.convert_to_iterator(
      x=inputs,
      y=targets,
      sample_weights=sample_weights,
      batch_size=batch_size,
      steps_per_epoch=steps_per_epoch,
      epochs=epochs,
      shuffle=shuffle)
  # Required for eager execution
  with backend.learning_phase_scope(1):
    do_validation = val_inputs is not None
    callbacks = cbks.configure_callbacks(
        callbacks,
        model,
        do_validation=do_validation,
        batch_size=batch_size,
        epochs=epochs,
        steps_per_epoch=steps_per_epoch,
        val_inputs=val_inputs,
        val_targets=val_targets,
        val_sample_weights=val_sample_weights,
        validation_steps=validation_steps,
        verbose=verbose)

    callbacks.on_train_begin()
    for epoch in range(initial_epoch, epochs):
      if model._is_compiled:  # Model may not be compiled the first time.
        # Reset stateful metrics
        for m in model.stateful_metric_functions:
          m.reset_states()
      callbacks.on_epoch_begin(epoch)
      epoch_logs = {}
      iterator_fit_loop(
          model,
          inputs,
          class_weight,
          steps_per_epoch=steps_per_epoch,
          epoch_logs=epoch_logs,
          val_inputs=val_inputs,
          val_targets=val_targets,
          val_sample_weights=val_sample_weights,
          epochs=epochs,
          verbose=verbose,
          callbacks=callbacks,
          validation_steps=validation_steps,
          do_validation=do_validation,
          batch_size=batch_size)
      callbacks.on_epoch_end(epoch, epoch_logs)
      if callbacks.model.stop_training:
        break
  callbacks.on_train_end()
  return model.history


def test_loop(model, inputs, targets,
              sample_weights=None,
              batch_size=None,
              verbose=0,
              steps=None):
  """Test function for eager execution.

  Arguments:
      model: Model instance that is being evaluated in Eager mode.
      inputs: List of input arrays.
      targets: List of target arrays.
      sample_weights: Optional list of sample weight arrays.
      batch_size: integer batch size or `None`.
      verbose: verbosity mode.
      steps: Total number of steps (batches of samples)
          before declaring predictions finished.
          Ignored with the default value of `None`.

  Returns:
      Scalar loss (if the model has a single output and no metrics)
      or list of scalars (if the model has multiple outputs
      and/or metrics). The attribute `model.metrics_names` will give you
      the display labels for the scalar outputs.
  """
  inputs, steps = training_utils.convert_to_iterator(
      x=inputs,
      y=targets,
      sample_weights=sample_weights,
      batch_size=batch_size,
      steps_per_epoch=steps,
      is_validation=True)
  with backend.learning_phase_scope(0):
    return iterator_test_loop(model, inputs, steps, verbose=verbose)


def predict_loop(model, inputs, batch_size=32, verbose=0, steps=None):
  """Predict function for eager execution.

  Arguments:
      model: Instance of `Model`.
      inputs: List of input arrays.
      batch_size: integer batch size.
      verbose: verbosity mode.
      steps: Total number of steps (batches of samples)
          before declaring `_predict_loop` finished.
          Ignored with the default value of `None`.

  Returns:
      Array of predictions (if the model has a single output)
      or list of arrays of predictions
      (if the model has multiple outputs).
  """
  with backend.learning_phase_scope(0):
    inputs, steps = training_utils.convert_to_iterator(
        x=inputs, batch_size=batch_size, steps_per_epoch=steps)
    return iterator_predict_loop(model, inputs, steps, verbose=verbose)