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# Copyright 2015 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================
# pylint: disable=invalid-name
"""Constraints: functions that impose constraints on weight values.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import six
from tensorflow.python.keras import backend as K
from tensorflow.python.keras.utils.generic_utils import deserialize_keras_object
from tensorflow.python.keras.utils.generic_utils import serialize_keras_object
from tensorflow.python.ops import math_ops
from tensorflow.python.util.tf_export import tf_export
@tf_export('keras.constraints.Constraint')
class Constraint(object):
def __call__(self, w):
return w
def get_config(self):
return {}
@tf_export('keras.constraints.MaxNorm', 'keras.constraints.max_norm')
class MaxNorm(Constraint):
"""MaxNorm weight constraint.
Constrains the weights incident to each hidden unit
to have a norm less than or equal to a desired value.
Arguments:
m: the maximum norm for the incoming weights.
axis: integer, axis along which to calculate weight norms.
For instance, in a `Dense` layer the weight matrix
has shape `(input_dim, output_dim)`,
set `axis` to `0` to constrain each weight vector
of length `(input_dim,)`.
In a `Conv2D` layer with `data_format="channels_last"`,
the weight tensor has shape
`(rows, cols, input_depth, output_depth)`,
set `axis` to `[0, 1, 2]`
to constrain the weights of each filter tensor of size
`(rows, cols, input_depth)`.
"""
def __init__(self, max_value=2, axis=0):
self.max_value = max_value
self.axis = axis
def __call__(self, w):
norms = K.sqrt(
math_ops.reduce_sum(math_ops.square(w), axis=self.axis, keepdims=True))
desired = K.clip(norms, 0, self.max_value)
return w * (desired / (K.epsilon() + norms))
def get_config(self):
return {'max_value': self.max_value, 'axis': self.axis}
@tf_export('keras.constraints.NonNeg', 'keras.constraints.non_neg')
class NonNeg(Constraint):
"""Constrains the weights to be non-negative.
"""
def __call__(self, w):
return w * math_ops.cast(math_ops.greater_equal(w, 0.), K.floatx())
@tf_export('keras.constraints.UnitNorm', 'keras.constraints.unit_norm')
class UnitNorm(Constraint):
"""Constrains the weights incident to each hidden unit to have unit norm.
Arguments:
axis: integer, axis along which to calculate weight norms.
For instance, in a `Dense` layer the weight matrix
has shape `(input_dim, output_dim)`,
set `axis` to `0` to constrain each weight vector
of length `(input_dim,)`.
In a `Conv2D` layer with `data_format="channels_last"`,
the weight tensor has shape
`(rows, cols, input_depth, output_depth)`,
set `axis` to `[0, 1, 2]`
to constrain the weights of each filter tensor of size
`(rows, cols, input_depth)`.
"""
def __init__(self, axis=0):
self.axis = axis
def __call__(self, w):
return w / (
K.epsilon() + K.sqrt(
math_ops.reduce_sum(
math_ops.square(w), axis=self.axis, keepdims=True)))
def get_config(self):
return {'axis': self.axis}
@tf_export('keras.constraints.MinMaxNorm', 'keras.constraints.min_max_norm')
class MinMaxNorm(Constraint):
"""MinMaxNorm weight constraint.
Constrains the weights incident to each hidden unit
to have the norm between a lower bound and an upper bound.
Arguments:
min_value: the minimum norm for the incoming weights.
max_value: the maximum norm for the incoming weights.
rate: rate for enforcing the constraint: weights will be
rescaled to yield
`(1 - rate) * norm + rate * norm.clip(min_value, max_value)`.
Effectively, this means that rate=1.0 stands for strict
enforcement of the constraint, while rate<1.0 means that
weights will be rescaled at each step to slowly move
towards a value inside the desired interval.
axis: integer, axis along which to calculate weight norms.
For instance, in a `Dense` layer the weight matrix
has shape `(input_dim, output_dim)`,
set `axis` to `0` to constrain each weight vector
of length `(input_dim,)`.
In a `Conv2D` layer with `data_format="channels_last"`,
the weight tensor has shape
`(rows, cols, input_depth, output_depth)`,
set `axis` to `[0, 1, 2]`
to constrain the weights of each filter tensor of size
`(rows, cols, input_depth)`.
"""
def __init__(self, min_value=0.0, max_value=1.0, rate=1.0, axis=0):
self.min_value = min_value
self.max_value = max_value
self.rate = rate
self.axis = axis
def __call__(self, w):
norms = K.sqrt(
math_ops.reduce_sum(math_ops.square(w), axis=self.axis, keepdims=True))
desired = (
self.rate * K.clip(norms, self.min_value, self.max_value) +
(1 - self.rate) * norms)
return w * (desired / (K.epsilon() + norms))
def get_config(self):
return {
'min_value': self.min_value,
'max_value': self.max_value,
'rate': self.rate,
'axis': self.axis
}
# Aliases.
max_norm = MaxNorm
non_neg = NonNeg
unit_norm = UnitNorm
min_max_norm = MinMaxNorm
# Legacy aliases.
maxnorm = max_norm
nonneg = non_neg
unitnorm = unit_norm
@tf_export('keras.constraints.serialize')
def serialize(constraint):
return serialize_keras_object(constraint)
@tf_export('keras.constraints.deserialize')
def deserialize(config, custom_objects=None):
return deserialize_keras_object(
config,
module_objects=globals(),
custom_objects=custom_objects,
printable_module_name='constraint')
@tf_export('keras.constraints.get')
def get(identifier):
if identifier is None:
return None
if isinstance(identifier, dict):
return deserialize(identifier)
elif isinstance(identifier, six.string_types):
config = {'class_name': str(identifier), 'config': {}}
return deserialize(config)
elif callable(identifier):
return identifier
else:
raise ValueError('Could not interpret constraint identifier: ' +
str(identifier))
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