Preserve unique ids when serializing/deserializing HLO protos.

Re-assigning unique IDs broke serialization of HloSchedule, and keeping IDs stable improves the fidelity of the proto serialization. This change requires that instructions in HLO module protos have valid, module-scope-unique ids so change the XLA builder to hand out module-scope-unique ids. Previously, instruction ids were only unique in the computation scope.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 212692339

11 files changed, 196 insertions, 47 deletions

diff --git a/tensorflow/compiler/aot/tests/BUILD b/tensorflow/compiler/aot/tests/BUILD
index 8d94f5495c..7a0932d44d 100644
--- a/tensorflow/compiler/aot/tests/BUILD
+++ b/tensorflow/compiler/aot/tests/BUILD
@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ tf_cc_test(
         "//tensorflow/compiler/xla:xla_data_proto",
         "//tensorflow/compiler/xla/service:hlo_profile_printer",
         "//tensorflow/core:lib",
+        "//tensorflow/core:regexp_internal",
         "//tensorflow/core:test",
         "//tensorflow/core:test_main",
         "//third_party/eigen3",
diff --git a/tensorflow/compiler/aot/tests/tfcompile_test.cc b/tensorflow/compiler/aot/tests/tfcompile_test.cc
index dd2b151098..7ac90fb8a9 100644
--- a/tensorflow/compiler/aot/tests/tfcompile_test.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/compiler/aot/tests/tfcompile_test.cc
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ limitations under the License.
 #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/shape_util.h"
 #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/test.h"
 #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/xla_data.pb.h"
+#include "tensorflow/core/platform/regexp.h"
 #include "tensorflow/core/platform/test.h"
 
 namespace tensorflow {
@@ -543,7 +544,13 @@ TEST(TFCompileTest, HloProfiling) {
   string hlo_profile_as_string =
       xla::PrintHloProfile(fn.hlo_profile_printer_data(), fn.profile_counters(),
                            /*clock_rate_ghz=*/1.0);
-  VLOG(1) << "HLO profile string:\n" << hlo_profile_as_string;
+  VLOG(1) << "Original HLO profile string:\n" << hlo_profile_as_string;
+
+  // Strip away identifier details from the profile string to avoid this test
+  // being a change detector for xla internals. Identifiers such as '%dot.0.7'
+  // just become '%dot'.
+  RE2::GlobalReplace(&hlo_profile_as_string, "(%[a-zA-Z0-9]*)[.0-9]*", "\\1");
+  VLOG(1) << "Stripped HLO profile string:\n" << hlo_profile_as_string;
 
   std::vector<string> hlo_profile_lines =
       absl::StrSplit(hlo_profile_as_string, '\n');
@@ -551,16 +558,14 @@ TEST(TFCompileTest, HloProfiling) {
   auto header = HasSubstr("Execution profile for");
   auto total_cycles_profile_line = HasSubstr("[total]");
   auto dot_profile_line = HasSubstr(
-      "%dot.0.4 = f32[2,2]{1,0} dot(f32[2,2]{1,0} %arg0.0.0, f32[2,2]{1,0} "
-      "%arg1.0.1)");
+      "%dot = f32[2,2]{1,0} dot(f32[2,2]{1,0} %arg0, f32[2,2]{1,0} %arg1)");
   auto add_profile_line = HasSubstr(
-      "%add.0.6 = f32[2,2]{1,0} add(f32[2,2]{1,0} %arg0.0.0, f32[2,2]{1,0} "
-      "%arg1.0.1)");
+      "%add = f32[2,2]{1,0} add(f32[2,2]{1,0} %arg0, f32[2,2]{1,0} %arg1)");
   auto tuple_profile_line = HasSubstr(
-      "%tuple.0.8 = (f32[2,2]{1,0}, f32[2,2]{1,0}) tuple(f32[2,2]{1,0} "
-      "%dot.0.4, f32[2,2]{1,0} %add.0.6)");
-  auto arg0_profile_line = HasSubstr("%arg0.0.0 = f32[2,2]{1,0} parameter(0)");
-  auto arg1_profile_line = HasSubstr("%arg1.0.1 = f32[2,2]{1,0} parameter(1)");
+      "%tuple = (f32[2,2]{1,0}, f32[2,2]{1,0}) tuple(f32[2,2]{1,0} %dot, "
+      "f32[2,2]{1,0} %add)");
+  auto arg0_profile_line = HasSubstr("%arg0 = f32[2,2]{1,0} parameter(0)");
+  auto arg1_profile_line = HasSubstr("%arg1 = f32[2,2]{1,0} parameter(1)");
 
   EXPECT_THAT(hlo_profile_lines,
               IsSupersetOf({header, total_cycles_profile_line, dot_profile_line,
diff --git a/tensorflow/compiler/tf2xla/xla_compiler_test.cc b/tensorflow/compiler/tf2xla/xla_compiler_test.cc
index 100b10cd83..72b17d04fc 100644
--- a/tensorflow/compiler/tf2xla/xla_compiler_test.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/compiler/tf2xla/xla_compiler_test.cc
@@ -604,10 +604,17 @@ TEST_F(XlaCompilerTest, DeterministicCompilation) {
         auto instr1 = c1.instructions(j);
         auto instr2 = c2.instructions(j);
         instr1.clear_name();
+        instr1.clear_id();
+        instr1.clear_operand_ids();
         instr2.clear_name();
-        // The names of instructions were uniquified by the XlaBuilder, the rest
-        // of the fields should be identical.
+        instr2.clear_id();
+        instr2.clear_operand_ids();
+        // The names of instructions were uniquified by the XlaBuilder and the
+        // unique ids may be different, the rest of the fields should be
+        // identical.
         string str1, str2;
+        LOG(INFO) << "instr1 = " << instr1.DebugString();
+        LOG(INFO) << "instr2 = " << instr2.DebugString();
         instr1.AppendPartialToString(&str1);
         instr2.AppendPartialToString(&str2);
         EXPECT_EQ(str1, str2);
diff --git a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/client/xla_builder.cc b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/client/xla_builder.cc
index 8951e93ee6..95ff6432a5 100644
--- a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/client/xla_builder.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/client/xla_builder.cc
@@ -134,11 +134,12 @@ XlaOp XlaBuilder::ReportErrorOrReturn(
 
 StatusOr<ProgramShape> XlaBuilder::GetProgramShape(int64 root_id) const {
   TF_RETURN_IF_ERROR(first_error_);
-  TF_RET_CHECK((root_id >= 0) && (root_id < instructions_.size()));
+  TF_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(const HloInstructionProto* root_proto,
+                      LookUpInstructionByHandle(root_id));
 
   ProgramShape program_shape;
 
-  *program_shape.mutable_result() = instructions_[root_id].shape();
+  *program_shape.mutable_result() = root_proto->shape();
 
   // Check that the parameter numbers are continuous from 0, and add parameter
   // shapes and names to the program shape.
@@ -181,9 +182,8 @@ void XlaBuilder::IsConstantVisitor(const int64 op_handle,
     return;
   }
 
-  CHECK(op_handle < instructions_.size() && op_handle >= 0);
-
-  const HloInstructionProto& instr = instructions_[op_handle];
+  const HloInstructionProto& instr =
+      *(LookUpInstructionByHandle(op_handle).ValueOrDie());
   const HloOpcode opcode = StringToHloOpcode(instr.opcode()).ValueOrDie();
   switch (opcode) {
     default:
@@ -283,6 +283,7 @@ StatusOr<XlaComputation> XlaBuilder::Build(int64 root_id) {
 
   // Clear data held by this builder.
   this->instructions_.clear();
+  this->handle_to_index_.clear();
   this->embedded_.clear();
   this->parameter_numbers_.clear();
 
@@ -2285,7 +2286,7 @@ StatusOr<XlaComputation> XlaBuilder::BuildConstantSubGraph(
   *program_shape->mutable_result() = root->shape();
 
   // We use std::set to keep the instruction ids in ascending order (which is
-  // also a valid denpendency order). The related ops will be added to the
+  // also a valid dependency order). The related ops will be added to the
   // subgraph in the same order.
   std::set<int64> related_ops;
   tensorflow::gtl::FlatSet<int64> related_calls;  // Related computations.
@@ -2293,14 +2294,16 @@ StatusOr<XlaComputation> XlaBuilder::BuildConstantSubGraph(
   worklist.push(root->id());
   related_ops.insert(root->id());
   while (!worklist.empty()) {
-    int64 node = worklist.front();
+    int64 handle = worklist.front();
     worklist.pop();
-    for (int64 id : instructions_[node].operand_ids()) {
+    TF_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(const HloInstructionProto* instr_proto,
+                        LookUpInstructionByHandle(handle));
+    for (int64 id : instr_proto->operand_ids()) {
       if (related_ops.insert(id).second) {
         worklist.push(id);
       }
     }
-    for (int64 called_id : instructions_[node].called_computation_ids()) {
+    for (int64 called_id : instr_proto->called_computation_ids()) {
       related_calls.insert(called_id);
     }
   }
@@ -2308,7 +2311,9 @@ StatusOr<XlaComputation> XlaBuilder::BuildConstantSubGraph(
   // Add related ops to the computation.
   for (int64 id : related_ops) {
     auto* instr = entry.add_instructions();
-    *instr = instructions_[id];
+    TF_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(const HloInstructionProto* instr_src,
+                        LookUpInstructionByHandle(id));
+    *instr = *instr_src;
     // Ensures that the instruction names are unique among the graph.
     const string& new_name =
         StrCat(instr->name(), ".", entry.id(), ".", instr->id());
@@ -2415,7 +2420,7 @@ StatusOr<XlaOp> XlaBuilder::AddInstruction(HloInstructionProto&& instr,
                                            absl::Span<const XlaOp> operands) {
   TF_RETURN_IF_ERROR(first_error_);
 
-  const int64 handle = instructions_.size();
+  const int64 handle = GetUniqueId();
   instr.set_id(handle);
   instr.set_opcode(HloOpcodeString(opcode));
   if (instr.name().empty()) {
@@ -2437,7 +2442,8 @@ StatusOr<XlaOp> XlaBuilder::AddInstruction(HloInstructionProto&& instr,
     *instr.mutable_sharding() = *sharding_;
   }
 
-  instructions_.push_back(instr);
+  handle_to_index_[handle] = instructions_.size();
+  instructions_.push_back(std::move(instr));
 
   XlaOp op(handle, this);
   return op;
@@ -2467,10 +2473,16 @@ StatusOr<const HloInstructionProto*> XlaBuilder::LookUpInstruction(
         op.handle(), op.builder_->name(), this->name());
   }
 
-  if (op.handle() >= instructions_.size() || op.handle() < 0) {
-    return InvalidArgument("no XlaOp value %d", op.handle());
+  return LookUpInstructionByHandle(op.handle());
+}
+
+StatusOr<const HloInstructionProto*> XlaBuilder::LookUpInstructionByHandle(
+    int64 handle) const {
+  auto it = handle_to_index_.find(handle);
+  if (it == handle_to_index_.end()) {
+    return InvalidArgument("No XlaOp with handle %d", handle);
   }
-  return &instructions_[op.handle()];
+  return &instructions_[it->second];
 }
 
 // Enqueues a "retrieve parameter value" instruction for a parameter that was
diff --git a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/client/xla_builder.h b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/client/xla_builder.h
index 833eafcf85..d0c59fa6f2 100644
--- a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/client/xla_builder.h
+++ b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/client/xla_builder.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ limitations under the License.
 #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/statusor.h"
 #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/types.h"
 #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/xla_data.pb.h"
+#include "tensorflow/core/lib/gtl/flatmap.h"
 #include "tensorflow/core/lib/gtl/flatset.h"
 #include "tensorflow/core/platform/macros.h"
 #include "tensorflow/core/platform/stacktrace.h"
@@ -955,6 +956,8 @@ class XlaBuilder {
                             HloInstructionProto* instr);
 
   StatusOr<const HloInstructionProto*> LookUpInstruction(const XlaOp& op) const;
+  StatusOr<const HloInstructionProto*> LookUpInstructionByHandle(
+      int64 handle) const;
 
   // Internal helper method that does the building for an arbitrary unary op.
   XlaOp UnaryOp(HloOpcode unop, const XlaOp& operand);
@@ -1024,6 +1027,10 @@ class XlaBuilder {
   // The instructions of this computation.
   std::vector<HloInstructionProto> instructions_;
 
+  // A map from XlaOp::Handle to the index in the instructions_ vector where the
+  // instruction is held.
+  tensorflow::gtl::FlatMap<int64, int64> handle_to_index_;
+
   // The embedded computations used by this computation. Each computation was
   // the entry computation of some XlaComputation, the key is the unique id of
   // that XlaComputation.
diff --git a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/BUILD b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/BUILD
index d2bea9c8da..fc259a6ca2 100644
--- a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/BUILD
+++ b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/BUILD
@@ -1963,6 +1963,7 @@ tf_cc_test(
     deps = [
         ":hlo",
         ":hlo_matchers",
+        ":hlo_memory_scheduler",
         ":hlo_parser",
         "//tensorflow/compiler/xla:literal",
         "//tensorflow/compiler/xla:shape_util",
diff --git a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_computation.cc b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_computation.cc
index 233d2199d1..8c6903d766 100644
--- a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_computation.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_computation.cc
@@ -562,9 +562,11 @@ HloComputation::CreateFromProto(
               return to_proto_id[a.get()] < to_proto_id[b.get()];
             });
 
-  return absl::WrapUnique(new HloComputation(proto.name(), parameter_count,
-                                             &instructions, root,
-                                             /*fusion_instruction=*/nullptr));
+  auto computation = absl::WrapUnique(
+      new HloComputation(proto.name(), parameter_count, &instructions, root,
+                         /*fusion_instruction=*/nullptr));
+  computation->unique_id_ = proto.id();
+  return std::move(computation);
 }
 
 void HloComputation::FuseInstructionsInto(
diff --git a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_instruction.cc b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_instruction.cc
index 85fa3ce964..e905f2983a 100644
--- a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_instruction.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_instruction.cc
@@ -505,6 +505,7 @@ StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<HloInstruction>> HloInstruction::CreateFromProto(
   instruction->SetAndSanitizeName(proto.name());
   instruction->metadata_ = proto.metadata();
   instruction->backend_config_ = proto.backend_config();
+  instruction->unique_id_ = proto.id();
 
   if (proto.has_sharding()) {
     TF_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(const auto& sharding,
diff --git a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module.cc b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module.cc
index cfe906d9c5..b3949f3a6d 100644
--- a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module.cc
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Status HloModule::set_schedule(HloSchedule schedule) {
 
 HloComputation* HloModule::AddComputationInternal(
     std::unique_ptr<HloComputation> computation, bool is_entry,
-    bool uniquify_names) {
+    bool uniquify_identifiers) {
   if (is_entry) {
     CHECK_EQ(nullptr, entry_computation_);
     entry_computation_ = computation.get();
@@ -73,30 +73,36 @@ HloComputation* HloModule::AddComputationInternal(
     }
   }
 
-  if (uniquify_names) {
+  if (uniquify_identifiers) {
     computation->UniquifyName(&computation_name_uniquer_);
     for (auto* instruction : computation->instructions()) {
       instruction->UniquifyName(&instruction_name_uniquer_);
     }
+
+    // Pick unique IDs for each instruction.
+    for (auto* instruction : computation->instructions()) {
+      instruction->SetUniqueId(NewUniqueInstructionId());
+    }
+    // Set unique id to this computation.
+    CHECK_NE(computation->root_instruction()->unique_id(), -1)
+        << "Root has no valid id: " << computation->ToString();
+    computation->SetUniqueId(computation->root_instruction()->unique_id());
   } else {
     // Don't uniquify the names of the computation or instruction, but we must
     // run the names through the uniquifiers to prevent future name collisions
-    // for computations and instructions created later.
+    // for computations and instructions created later. Also, set the
+    // next_unique_id_ to the one greater than the max unique id of any
+    // instruction (or the computation) to avoid ID collisions.
     computation_name_uniquer_.GetUniqueName(computation->name());
     for (auto* instruction : computation->instructions()) {
       instruction_name_uniquer_.GetUniqueName(instruction->name());
+      next_unique_id_ = std::max(next_unique_id_, instruction->unique_id() + 1);
+    }
+    if (next_unique_id_ < computation->unique_id() + 1) {
+      next_unique_id_ = computation->unique_id() + 1;
     }
   }
 
-  // Pick unique IDs for each instruction.
-  for (auto* instruction : computation->instructions()) {
-    instruction->SetUniqueId(NewUniqueInstructionId());
-  }
-  // Set unique id to this computation.
-  CHECK_NE(computation->root_instruction()->unique_id(), -1)
-      << "Root has no valid id: " << computation->ToString();
-  computation->SetUniqueId(computation->root_instruction()->unique_id());
-
   computation->set_parent(this);
   computations_.push_back(std::move(computation));
   return computations_.back().get();
@@ -105,7 +111,7 @@ HloComputation* HloModule::AddComputationInternal(
 HloComputation* HloModule::AddEntryComputation(
     std::unique_ptr<HloComputation> computation) {
   return AddComputationInternal(std::move(computation), /*is_entry=*/true,
-                                /*uniquify_names=*/true);
+                                /*uniquify_identifiers=*/true);
 }
 
 Status HloModule::RemoveEmbeddedComputation(HloComputation* to_remove) {
@@ -122,7 +128,7 @@ Status HloModule::RemoveEmbeddedComputation(HloComputation* to_remove) {
 HloComputation* HloModule::AddEmbeddedComputation(
     std::unique_ptr<HloComputation> computation) {
   return AddComputationInternal(std::move(computation), /*is_entry=*/false,
-                                /*uniquify_names=*/true);
+                                /*uniquify_identifiers=*/true);
 }
 
 void HloModule::ReplaceComputations(
@@ -249,6 +255,9 @@ HloModuleProto HloModule::ToProto() const {
 /* static */
 StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<HloModule>> HloModule::CreateFromProto(
     const HloModuleProto& proto, const HloModuleConfig& module_config) {
+  VLOG(2) << "CreateFromProto()";
+  XLA_VLOG_LINES(2, proto.DebugString());
+
   // The ProgramShape in the passed in module config must match the shapes of
   // the entry parameters and root.
   TF_RET_CHECK(proto.has_program_shape())
@@ -312,22 +321,32 @@ StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<HloModule>> HloModule::CreateFromProto(
     // Don't uniquify names because we want names to be stable across
     // serialization and deserialization.
     module->AddComputationInternal(std::move(computation), is_entry,
-                                   /*uniquify_names=*/false);
+                                   /*uniquify_identifiers=*/false);
   }
   TF_RET_CHECK(module->entry_computation_ != nullptr);
 
-  // Because we didn't uniquify the names, double-check that the instruction and
-  // computation names are unique from the proto.
+  // Because we didn't uniquify the names or the ids, double-check that the
+  // instruction and computation names and ids are unique from the proto.
   tensorflow::gtl::FlatSet<string> computation_names;
   tensorflow::gtl::FlatSet<string> instruction_names;
+  tensorflow::gtl::FlatSet<int> computation_ids;
+  tensorflow::gtl::FlatSet<int> instruction_ids;
   for (HloComputation* computation : module->computations()) {
     TF_RET_CHECK(!ContainsKey(computation_names, computation->name()))
         << "Computation name is not unique: " << computation->name();
     computation_names.insert(computation->name());
+
+    TF_RET_CHECK(!ContainsKey(computation_ids, computation->unique_id()))
+        << "Computation id is not unique: " << computation->unique_id();
+    computation_ids.insert(computation->unique_id());
     for (HloInstruction* instruction : computation->instructions()) {
       TF_RET_CHECK(!ContainsKey(instruction_names, instruction->name()))
           << "Instruction name is not unique: " << instruction->name();
       instruction_names.insert(instruction->name());
+
+      TF_RET_CHECK(!ContainsKey(instruction_ids, instruction->unique_id()))
+          << "Instruction id is not unique: " << instruction->unique_id();
+      instruction_ids.insert(instruction->unique_id());
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module.h b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module.h
index 26fd1b2438..3bc2d13781 100644
--- a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module.h
+++ b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module.h
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class HloModule {
  private:
   HloComputation* AddComputationInternal(
       std::unique_ptr<HloComputation> computation, bool is_entry,
-      bool uniquify_names);
+      bool uniquify_identifiers);
 
   const string name_;
   HloModuleConfig config_;
diff --git a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module_test.cc b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module_test.cc
index 400bd4d947..6243943420 100644
--- a/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module_test.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module_test.cc
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ limitations under the License.
 #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_computation.h"
 #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_instruction.h"
 #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_matchers.h"
+#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_memory_scheduler.h"
 #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_parser.h"
 #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/shape_util.h"
 #include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/tests/hlo_test_base.h"
@@ -253,6 +254,99 @@ ENTRY %axpy.v5 (alpha: f32[], x: f32[2,4], y: f32[2,4]) -> f32[2,4] {
                              op::Broadcast(), op::Multiply(), op::Add()));
 }
 
+TEST_F(HloModuleTest, ProtoSerializationPreservesIds) {
+  // Verify that serializing then deserializing an HLO proto preserves the
+  // unique IDs of the instruction and module.
+  const string text =
+      R"(HloModule ReduceR3ToR2_module
+
+add_F32.v3 {
+  lhs = f32[] parameter(0)
+  rhs = f32[] parameter(1)
+  ROOT add = f32[] add(lhs, rhs)
+}
+
+ENTRY ReduceR3ToR2.v3 {
+  input = f32[8,16,256]{2,1,0} parameter(0)
+  constant = f32[] constant(0)
+  ROOT reduce = f32[8,16]{1,0} reduce(input, constant), dimensions={2}, to_apply=add_F32.v3
+}
+)";
+  TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(std::unique_ptr<HloModule> module,
+                          ParseHloString(text));
+
+  // Perform various transformations on the graph:
+  //
+  //  * clone the reduction function
+  //  * replace use of reduction function with the clone.
+  //  * add a random instruction to the entry computation.
+  //
+  // This will create instruction and computation IDs which are interesting:
+  // not consecutive and not densely packed.
+  HloComputation* entry = module->entry_computation();
+  HloInstruction* root = entry->root_instruction();
+  HloComputation* reduction = root->to_apply();
+  HloComputation* reduction_clone =
+      module->AddEmbeddedComputation(reduction->Clone());
+  root->set_to_apply(reduction_clone);
+  TF_ASSERT_OK(module->RemoveEmbeddedComputation(reduction));
+  HloInstruction* negate = entry->AddInstruction(
+      HloInstruction::CreateUnary(root->shape(), HloOpcode::kNegate, root));
+  entry->set_root_instruction(negate);
+
+  // Schedule the transformed module, this verifies that the serialized schedule
+  // is robust against non-consecutive IDs as well (b/114712358).
+  auto size_fn = [](const BufferValue& buffer) {
+    return ShapeUtil::ByteSizeOf(buffer.shape());
+  };
+  HloMemoryScheduler scheduler(size_fn);
+  TF_ASSERT_OK(scheduler.Run(module.get()).status());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(module->has_schedule());
+
+  // Serialize and deserialize and verify that the instruction and computations
+  // unique ids are the same.
+  TF_ASSERT_OK_AND_ASSIGN(
+      std::unique_ptr<HloModule> module_copy,
+      HloModule::CreateFromProto(module->ToProto(), module->config()));
+
+  // The module IDs should *not* be the same because module ids must be globally
+  // unique.
+  EXPECT_NE(module->unique_id(), module_copy->unique_id());
+
+  // Verify that the computations and instructions all have the same unique id.
+  auto computation_copy_it = module_copy->computations().begin();
+  for (const HloComputation* computation_orig : module->computations()) {
+    const HloComputation* computation_copy = *computation_copy_it++;
+    EXPECT_EQ(computation_orig->unique_id(), computation_copy->unique_id())
+        << absl::StrFormat(
+               "ID of original computation %s != ID of deserialized "
+               "computation %s: %d != %d",
+               computation_orig->name(), computation_copy->name(),
+               computation_orig->unique_id(), computation_copy->unique_id());
+
+    auto instruction_copy_it = computation_copy->instructions().begin();
+    for (const HloInstruction* instruction_orig :
+         computation_orig->instructions()) {
+      const HloInstruction* instruction_copy = *instruction_copy_it++;
+      EXPECT_EQ(instruction_orig->unique_id(), instruction_copy->unique_id())
+          << absl::StrFormat(
+                 "ID of original instruction %s != ID of deserialized "
+                 "instruction %s: %d != %d",
+                 instruction_orig->name(), instruction_copy->name(),
+                 instruction_orig->unique_id(), instruction_copy->unique_id());
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Verify that the next unique ID which the module would have handed out is
+  // greater than the unique id of any instruction.
+  int next_id = module_copy->NewUniqueInstructionId();
+  for (const HloComputation* computation : module_copy->computations()) {
+    for (const HloInstruction* instruction : computation->instructions()) {
+      EXPECT_GT(next_id, instruction->unique_id());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
 }  // namespace xla