398 files changed, 83142 insertions, 6646 deletions

diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/SEBS b/src/google/protobuf/SEBS
deleted file mode 100644
index ba33c732..00000000
--- a/src/google/protobuf/SEBS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
-# **EXPERIMENTAL**
-#
-# See http://sebs.googlecode.com
-#
-# This is an experimental build definition file using the SEBS build system.
-# I (Kenton Varda, maintainer of Protocol Buffers) happen to be the author of
-# SEBS, though SEBS is not a Google project.  I'm sticking this file in
-# protobuf's SVN because that's the easiest place for me to put it, and it
-# shouldn't harm anyone.  This file is not included in the distribution.
-#
-# Currently, to use this file, you must generate config.h and put it at the
-# top level of the source tree.
-
-_cpp = sebs.import_("//sebs/cpp.sebs")
-
-# ====================================================================
-# Public targets
-
-protobuf_lite = _cpp.Library(
-  name = "protobuf-lite",
-  srcs = [ "stubs/common.cc",
-           "stubs/once.cc",
-           "stubs/hash.cc",
-           "stubs/hash.h",
-           "stubs/map-util.h",
-           "stubs/stl_util-inl.h",
-           "extension_set.cc",
-           "generated_message_util.cc",
-           "message_lite.cc",
-           "repeated_field.cc",
-           "wire_format_lite.cc",
-           "io/coded_stream.cc",
-           "io/zero_copy_stream.cc",
-           "io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.cc" ],
-  deps = [ _cpp.SystemLibrary(name = "pthread") ])
-
-protobuf = _cpp.Library(
-  name = "protobuf",
-  srcs = [ "stubs/strutil.cc",
-           "stubs/strutil.h",
-           "stubs/substitute.cc",
-           "stubs/substitute.h",
-           "stubs/structurally_valid.cc",
-           "descriptor.cc",
-           "descriptor.pb.cc",
-           "descriptor_database.cc",
-           "dynamic_message.cc",
-           "extension_set_heavy.cc",
-           "generated_message_reflection.cc",
-           "message.cc",
-           "reflection_ops.cc",
-           "service.cc",
-           "text_format.cc",
-           "unknown_field_set.cc",
-           "wire_format.cc",
-           "io/gzip_stream.cc",
-           "io/printer.cc",
-           "io/tokenizer.cc",
-           "io/zero_copy_stream_impl.cc",
-           "compiler/importer.cc",
-           "compiler/parser.cc" ],
-  deps = [ protobuf_lite,
-           _cpp.SystemLibrary(name = "z") ])
-
-libprotoc = _cpp.Library(
-  name = "protoc",
-  srcs = [ "compiler/code_generator.cc",
-           "compiler/command_line_interface.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.h",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_field.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_file.h",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_service.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_service.h",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h",
-           "compiler/java/java_enum.cc",
-           "compiler/java/java_enum.h",
-           "compiler/java/java_enum_field.cc",
-           "compiler/java/java_enum_field.h",
-           "compiler/java/java_extension.cc",
-           "compiler/java/java_extension.h",
-           "compiler/java/java_field.cc",
-           "compiler/java/java_field.h",
-           "compiler/java/java_file.cc",
-           "compiler/java/java_file.h",
-           "compiler/java/java_generator.cc",
-           "compiler/java/java_helpers.cc",
-           "compiler/java/java_helpers.h",
-           "compiler/java/java_message.cc",
-           "compiler/java/java_message.h",
-           "compiler/java/java_message_field.cc",
-           "compiler/java/java_message_field.h",
-           "compiler/java/java_primitive_field.cc",
-           "compiler/java/java_primitive_field.h",
-           "compiler/java/java_service.cc",
-           "compiler/java/java_service.h",
-           "compiler/python/python_generator.cc" ],
-  deps = [ protobuf ])
-
-protoc = _cpp.Binary(
-  name = "protoc",
-  srcs = [ "compiler/main.cc" ],
-  deps = [ libprotoc ])
-
-# ====================================================================
-# ProtobufLibrary rule class
-
-class ProtobufLibrary(sebs.Rule):
-  argument_spec = sebs.ArgumentSpec(srcs = [sebs.Artifact],
-                                    deps = ([sebs.Rule], []),
-                                    lite = (bool, False))
-
-  def _expand(self, args):
-    for dep in args.deps:
-      if not isinstance(dep, ProtobufLibrary):
-        raise sebs.DefinitionError(
-          "Dependency of ProtobufLibrary is not a ProtobufLibrary: %s" % dep)
-
-    protoc.expand_once()
-
-    # We must build protoc for the host configuration to allow cross-compiling.
-    host_protoc = self.context.configured_artifact(protoc.binary, "host")
-
-    protoc_action = self.context.action(self, "protobuf")
-    protoc_args = [host_protoc, "-Isrc", "-Itmp", "-Iinclude","--cpp_out=tmp"]
-
-    cpp_srcs = []
-    for src in args.srcs:
-      protoc_args.append(src)
-
-      # We cannot build .proto files from other packages because the .pb.cc
-      # and .pb.h files would be written to that package, and we aren't allowed
-      # to write to other packages.
-      if self.context.local_filename(src) is None:
-        raise sebs.DefinitionError(
-          "Source file is not in this package: %s" % src)
-
-      cc_artifact = self.context.derived_artifact(src, ".pb.cc", protoc_action)
-      header_artifact = self.context.derived_artifact(
-          src, ".pb.h", protoc_action)
-
-      cpp_srcs.append(cc_artifact)
-      cpp_srcs.append(header_artifact)
-
-    protoc_action.set_command(
-      sebs.SubprocessCommand(protoc_action, protoc_args, implicit = cpp_srcs))
-
-    deps = list(args.deps)
-    if args.lite:
-      deps.append(protobuf_lite)
-    else:
-      deps.append(protobuf)
-
-    self.__cpp_library = _cpp.Library(srcs = cpp_srcs, deps = deps,
-                                      context = self.context)
-    self.__cpp_library.label = self.label
-    self.outputs = []
-
-  def as_cpp_library(self):
-    self.expand_once()
-    return self.__cpp_library
-
-# ====================================================================
-# Tests
-
-_lite_test_protos = ProtobufLibrary(
-  srcs = [ "unittest_lite.proto",
-           "unittest_import_lite.proto" ],
-  lite = True)
-_test_protos = ProtobufLibrary(
-  srcs = [ "unittest.proto",
-           "unittest_empty.proto",
-           "unittest_import.proto",
-           "unittest_mset.proto",
-           "unittest_optimize_for.proto",
-           "unittest_embed_optimize_for.proto",
-           "unittest_custom_options.proto",
-           "unittest_lite_imports_nonlite.proto",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.proto" ],
-  deps = [ _lite_test_protos ])
-
-_test_util = _cpp.Library(
-  name = "test_util",
-  srcs = [ "test_util.cc",
-           "test_util.h",
-           "testing/googletest.cc",
-           "testing/googletest.h",
-           "testing/file.cc",
-           "testing/file.h" ],
-  deps = [ protobuf, _test_protos, _cpp.SystemLibrary(name = "gtest")] )
-
-protobuf_lite_test = _cpp.Test(
-  srcs = [ "lite_unittest.cc",
-           "test_util_lite.cc",
-           "test_util_lite.h" ],
-  deps = [ _lite_test_protos ])
-
-protobuf_test = _cpp.Test(
-  srcs = [ "stubs/common_unittest.cc",
-           "stubs/once_unittest.cc",
-           "stubs/strutil_unittest.cc",
-           "stubs/structurally_valid_unittest.cc",
-           "descriptor_database_unittest.cc",
-           "descriptor_unittest.cc",
-           "dynamic_message_unittest.cc",
-           "extension_set_unittest.cc",
-           "generated_message_reflection_unittest.cc",
-           "message_unittest.cc",
-           "reflection_ops_unittest.cc",
-           "repeated_field_unittest.cc",
-           "text_format_unittest.cc",
-           "unknown_field_set_unittest.cc",
-           "wire_format_unittest.cc",
-           "io/coded_stream_unittest.cc",
-           "io/printer_unittest.cc",
-           "io/tokenizer_unittest.cc",
-           "io/zero_copy_stream_unittest.cc",
-           "compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc",
-           "compiler/importer_unittest.cc",
-           "compiler/parser_unittest.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc",
-           "compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc" ],
-  deps = [ protobuf, libprotoc, _test_util,
-           _cpp.SystemLibrary(name = "gtest_main") ])
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/any.cc b/src/google/protobuf/any.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c66fdfad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/any.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/any.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+namespace {
+string GetTypeUrl(const Descriptor* message) {
+  return string(kTypeGoogleApisComPrefix) + message->full_name();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+const char kAnyFullTypeName[] = "google.protobuf.Any";
+const char kTypeGoogleApisComPrefix[] = "type.googleapis.com/";
+
+AnyMetadata::AnyMetadata(UrlType* type_url, ValueType* value)
+    : type_url_(type_url), value_(value) {
+}
+
+void AnyMetadata::PackFrom(const Message& message) {
+  type_url_->SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString(),
+      GetTypeUrl(message.GetDescriptor()));
+  message.SerializeToString(value_->MutableNoArena(
+      &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()));
+}
+
+bool AnyMetadata::UnpackTo(Message* message) const {
+  if (!InternalIs(message->GetDescriptor())) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return message->ParseFromString(
+      value_->GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString()));
+}
+
+bool AnyMetadata::InternalIs(const Descriptor* descriptor) const {
+  return type_url_->GetNoArena(
+             &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString()) ==
+         GetTypeUrl(descriptor);
+}
+
+bool ParseAnyTypeUrl(const string& type_url, string* full_type_name) {
+  const int prefix_len = strlen(kTypeGoogleApisComPrefix);
+  if (strncmp(type_url.c_str(), kTypeGoogleApisComPrefix, prefix_len) == 0) {
+    full_type_name->assign(type_url.data() + prefix_len,
+                           type_url.size() - prefix_len);
+    return true;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+bool GetAnyFieldDescriptors(const Message& message,
+                            const FieldDescriptor** type_url_field,
+                            const FieldDescriptor** value_field) {
+    const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+    if (descriptor->full_name() != kAnyFullTypeName) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    *type_url_field = descriptor->FindFieldByNumber(1);
+    *value_field = descriptor->FindFieldByNumber(2);
+    return (*type_url_field != NULL &&
+            (*type_url_field)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING &&
+            *value_field != NULL &&
+            (*value_field)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/any.h b/src/google/protobuf/any.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f681eceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/any.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ANY_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ANY_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// Helper class used to implement google::protobuf::Any.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT AnyMetadata {
+  typedef ArenaStringPtr UrlType;
+  typedef ArenaStringPtr ValueType;
+ public:
+  // AnyMetadata does not take ownership of "type_url" and "value".
+  AnyMetadata(UrlType* type_url, ValueType* value);
+
+  void PackFrom(const Message& message);
+
+  bool UnpackTo(Message* message) const;
+
+  template<typename T>
+  bool Is() const {
+    return InternalIs(T::default_instance().GetDescriptor());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  bool InternalIs(const Descriptor* message) const;
+
+  UrlType* type_url_;
+  ValueType* value_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(AnyMetadata);
+};
+
+extern const char kAnyFullTypeName[];          // "google.protobuf.Any".
+extern const char kTypeGoogleApisComPrefix[];  // "type.googleapis.com/".
+
+// Get the proto type name from Any::type_url value. For example, passing
+// "type.googleapis.com/rpc.QueryOrigin" will return "rpc.QueryOrigin" in
+// *full_type_name. Returns false if type_url does not start with
+// "type.googleapis.com".
+bool ParseAnyTypeUrl(const string& type_url, string* full_type_name);
+
+// See if message is of type google.protobuf.Any, if so, return the descriptors
+// for "type_url" and "value" fields.
+bool GetAnyFieldDescriptors(const Message& message,
+                            const FieldDescriptor** type_url_field,
+                            const FieldDescriptor** value_field);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ANY_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2e58131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/any.proto
+
+#define INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PROTOBUF_FIELD_DEPRECATION
+#include "google/protobuf/any.pb.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Any_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Any_reflection_ = NULL;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto() {
+  protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file =
+    ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
+      "google/protobuf/any.proto");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL);
+  Any_descriptor_ = file->message_type(0);
+  static const int Any_offsets_[2] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Any, type_url_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Any, value_),
+  };
+  Any_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Any_descriptor_,
+      Any::default_instance_,
+      Any_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Any),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Any, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Any, _is_default_instance_));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
+inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto);
+}
+
+void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Any_descriptor_, &Any::default_instance());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto() {
+  delete Any::default_instance_;
+  delete Any_reflection_;
+}
+
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto() {
+  static bool already_here = false;
+  if (already_here) return;
+  already_here = true;
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
+    "\n\031google/protobuf/any.proto\022\017google.prot"
+    "obuf\"&\n\003Any\022\020\n\010type_url\030\001 \001(\t\022\r\n\005value\030\002"
+    " \001(\014BK\n\023com.google.protobufB\010AnyProtoP\001\240"
+    "\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownType"
+    "sb\006proto3", 169);
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
+    "google/protobuf/any.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
+  Any::default_instance_ = new Any();
+  Any::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto);
+}
+
+// Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
+struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto {
+  StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto() {
+    protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+  }
+} static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_;
+
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << __FILE__ << ":" << line;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void Any::PackFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& message) {
+  _any_metadata_.PackFrom(message);
+}
+
+bool Any::UnpackTo(::google::protobuf::Message* message) const {
+  return _any_metadata_.UnpackTo(message);
+}
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Any::kTypeUrlFieldNumber;
+const int Any::kValueFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Any::Any()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL), _any_metadata_(&type_url_, &value_) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Any)
+}
+
+void Any::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+Any::Any(const Any& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL),
+    _any_metadata_(&type_url_, &value_) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Any)
+}
+
+void Any::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+Any::~Any() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Any)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Any::SharedDtor() {
+  type_url_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void Any::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Any::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Any_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Any& Any::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Any* Any::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Any* Any::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Any* n = new Any;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Any::Clear() {
+  type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+bool Any::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Any)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional string type_url = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_type_url()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->type_url().data(), this->type_url().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Any.type_url");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_value;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional bytes value = 2;
+      case 2: {
+        if (tag == 18) {
+         parse_value:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadBytes(
+                input, this->mutable_value()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Any)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Any)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Any::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Any)
+  // optional string type_url = 1;
+  if (this->type_url().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->type_url().data(), this->type_url().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Any.type_url");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      1, this->type_url(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional bytes value = 2;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBytesMaybeAliased(
+      2, this->value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Any)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Any::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Any)
+  // optional string type_url = 1;
+  if (this->type_url().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->type_url().data(), this->type_url().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Any.type_url");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        1, this->type_url(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bytes value = 2;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBytesToArray(
+        2, this->value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Any)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Any::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional string type_url = 1;
+  if (this->type_url().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->type_url());
+  }
+
+  // optional bytes value = 2;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::BytesSize(
+        this->value());
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Any::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Any* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Any>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Any::MergeFrom(const Any& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.type_url().size() > 0) {
+
+    type_url_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.type_url_);
+  }
+  if (from.value().size() > 0) {
+
+    value_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.value_);
+  }
+}
+
+void Any::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Any::CopyFrom(const Any& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Any::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Any::Swap(Any* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Any::InternalSwap(Any* other) {
+  type_url_.Swap(&other->type_url_);
+  value_.Swap(&other->value_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Any::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Any_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Any_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Any
+
+// optional string type_url = 1;
+void Any::clear_type_url() {
+  type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& Any::type_url() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+  return type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Any::set_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+ void Any::set_type_url(const char* value) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+ void Any::set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+ ::std::string* Any::mutable_type_url() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+  return type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Any::release_type_url() {
+  
+  return type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Any::set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url) {
+  if (type_url != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), type_url);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+
+// optional bytes value = 2;
+void Any::clear_value() {
+  value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& Any::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+  return value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Any::set_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+ void Any::set_value(const char* value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+ void Any::set_value(const void* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+ ::std::string* Any::mutable_value() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+  return value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Any::release_value() {
+  
+  return value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Any::set_allocated_value(::std::string* value) {
+  if (value != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c324c4af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/any.proto
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto__INCLUDED
+#define PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto__INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3000000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3000000 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include "google/protobuf/any.h"
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+
+class Any;
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Any : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Any();
+  virtual ~Any();
+
+  Any(const Any& from);
+
+  inline Any& operator=(const Any& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Any& default_instance();
+
+  // implements Any -----------------------------------------------
+
+  void PackFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& message);
+  bool UnpackTo(::google::protobuf::Message* message) const;
+  template<typename T> bool Is() const {
+    return _any_metadata_.Is<T>();
+  }
+
+  void Swap(Any* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Any* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Any* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Any& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Any& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Any* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional string type_url = 1;
+  void clear_type_url();
+  static const int kTypeUrlFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::std::string& type_url() const;
+  void set_type_url(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_type_url(const char* value);
+  void set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_type_url();
+  ::std::string* release_type_url();
+  void set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url);
+
+  // optional bytes value = 2;
+  void clear_value();
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 2;
+  const ::std::string& value() const;
+  void set_value(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_value(const char* value);
+  void set_value(const void* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_value();
+  ::std::string* release_value();
+  void set_allocated_value(::std::string* value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Any)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr type_url_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr value_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::AnyMetadata _any_metadata_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Any* default_instance_;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Any
+
+// optional string type_url = 1;
+inline void Any::clear_type_url() {
+  type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Any::type_url() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+  return type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Any::set_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+inline void Any::set_type_url(const char* value) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+inline void Any::set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Any::mutable_type_url() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+  return type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Any::release_type_url() {
+  
+  return type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Any::set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url) {
+  if (type_url != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), type_url);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
+}
+
+// optional bytes value = 2;
+inline void Any::clear_value() {
+  value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Any::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+  return value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Any::set_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+inline void Any::set_value(const char* value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+inline void Any::set_value(const void* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Any::mutable_value() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+  return value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Any::release_value() {
+  
+  return value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Any::set_allocated_value(::std::string* value) {
+  if (value != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Any.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto__INCLUDED
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/any.proto b/src/google/protobuf/any.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3ad3acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/any.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "AnyProto";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+
+// `Any` contains an arbitrary serialized message along with a URL
+// that describes the type of the serialized message.
+//
+// The proto runtimes and/or compiler will eventually
+//  provide utilities to pack/unpack Any values (projected Q1/15).
+//
+// # JSON
+// The JSON representation of an `Any` value uses the regular
+// representation of the deserialized, embedded message, with an
+// additional field `@type` which contains the type URL. Example:
+//
+//     package google.profile;
+//     message Person {
+//       string first_name = 1;
+//       string last_name = 2;
+//     }
+//
+//     {
+//       "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.profile.Person",
+//       "firstName": <string>,
+//       "lastName": <string>
+//     }
+//
+// If the embedded message type is well-known and has a custom JSON
+// representation, that representation will be embedded adding a field
+// `value` which holds the custom JSON in addition to the the `@type`
+// field. Example (for message [google.protobuf.Duration][google.protobuf.Duration]):
+//
+//     {
+//       "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration",
+//       "value": "1.212s"
+//     }
+//
+message Any {
+  // A URL/resource name whose content describes the type of the
+  // serialized message.
+  //
+  // For URLs which use the schema `http`, `https`, or no schema, the
+  // following restrictions and interpretations apply:
+  //
+  // * If no schema is provided, `https` is assumed.
+  // * The last segment of the URL's path must represent the fully
+  //   qualified name of the type (as in `path/google.protobuf.Duration`).
+  // * An HTTP GET on the URL must yield a [google.protobuf.Type][google.protobuf.Type]
+  //   value in binary format, or produce an error.
+  // * Applications are allowed to cache lookup results based on the
+  //   URL, or have them precompiled into a binary to avoid any
+  //   lookup. Therefore, binary compatibility needs to be preserved
+  //   on changes to types. (Use versioned type names to manage
+  //   breaking changes.)
+  //
+  // Schemas other than `http`, `https` (or the empty schema) might be
+  // used with implementation specific semantics.
+  //
+  // Types originating from the `google.*` package
+  // namespace should use `type.googleapis.com/full.type.name` (without
+  // schema and path). A type service will eventually become available which
+  // serves those URLs (projected Q2/15).
+  string type_url = 1;
+
+  // Must be valid serialized data of the above specified type.
+  bytes value = 2;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/any_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/any_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1bfaa63d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/any_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/any_test.pb.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(AnyTest, TestPackAndUnpack) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny submessage;
+  submessage.set_int32_value(12345);
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny message;
+  message.mutable_any_value()->PackFrom(submessage);
+
+  string data = message.SerializeAsString();
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_any_value());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.any_value().UnpackTo(&submessage));
+  EXPECT_EQ(12345, submessage.int32_value());
+}
+
+TEST(AnyTest, TestPackAndUnpackAny) {
+  // We can pack a Any message inside another Any message.
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny submessage;
+  submessage.set_int32_value(12345);
+  google::protobuf::Any any;
+  any.PackFrom(submessage);
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny message;
+  message.mutable_any_value()->PackFrom(any);
+
+  string data = message.SerializeAsString();
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_any_value());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.any_value().UnpackTo(&any));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(any.UnpackTo(&submessage));
+  EXPECT_EQ(12345, submessage.int32_value());
+}
+
+TEST(AnyTest, TestIs) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny submessage;
+  submessage.set_int32_value(12345);
+  google::protobuf::Any any;
+  any.PackFrom(submessage);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(any.ParseFromString(any.SerializeAsString()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(any.Is<protobuf_unittest::TestAny>());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(any.Is<google::protobuf::Any>());
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny message;
+  message.mutable_any_value()->PackFrom(any);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(message.SerializeAsString()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.any_value().Is<protobuf_unittest::TestAny>());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message.any_value().Is<google::protobuf::Any>());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/any_test.proto b/src/google/protobuf/any_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c5b30ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/any_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+
+message TestAny {
+  int32 int32_value = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Any any_value = 2;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Any repeated_any_value = 3;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0feddb31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1401 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/api.proto
+
+#define INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PROTOBUF_FIELD_DEPRECATION
+#include "google/protobuf/api.pb.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Api_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Api_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Method_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Method_reflection_ = NULL;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
+  protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file =
+    ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
+      "google/protobuf/api.proto");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL);
+  Api_descriptor_ = file->message_type(0);
+  static const int Api_offsets_[5] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Api, name_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Api, methods_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Api, options_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Api, version_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Api, source_context_),
+  };
+  Api_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Api_descriptor_,
+      Api::default_instance_,
+      Api_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Api),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Api, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Api, _is_default_instance_));
+  Method_descriptor_ = file->message_type(1);
+  static const int Method_offsets_[6] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Method, name_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Method, request_type_url_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Method, request_streaming_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Method, response_type_url_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Method, response_streaming_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Method, options_),
+  };
+  Method_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Method_descriptor_,
+      Method::default_instance_,
+      Method_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Method),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Method, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Method, _is_default_instance_));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
+inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto);
+}
+
+void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Api_descriptor_, &Api::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Method_descriptor_, &Method::default_instance());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
+  delete Api::default_instance_;
+  delete Api_reflection_;
+  delete Method::default_instance_;
+  delete Method_reflection_;
+}
+
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
+  static bool already_here = false;
+  if (already_here) return;
+  already_here = true;
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
+    "\n\031google/protobuf/api.proto\022\017google.prot"
+    "obuf\032$google/protobuf/source_context.pro"
+    "to\032\032google/protobuf/type.proto\"\260\001\n\003Api\022\014"
+    "\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022(\n\007methods\030\002 \003(\0132\027.google.p"
+    "rotobuf.Method\022(\n\007options\030\003 \003(\0132\027.google"
+    ".protobuf.Option\022\017\n\007version\030\004 \001(\t\0226\n\016sou"
+    "rce_context\030\005 \001(\0132\036.google.protobuf.Sour"
+    "ceContext\"\254\001\n\006Method\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022\030\n\020re"
+    "quest_type_url\030\002 \001(\t\022\031\n\021request_streamin"
+    "g\030\003 \001(\010\022\031\n\021response_type_url\030\004 \001(\t\022\032\n\022re"
+    "sponse_streaming\030\005 \001(\010\022(\n\007options\030\006 \003(\0132"
+    "\027.google.protobuf.OptionBH\n\023com.google.p"
+    "rotobufB\010ApiProtoP\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Proto"
+    "buf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 546);
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
+    "google/protobuf/api.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
+  Api::default_instance_ = new Api();
+  Method::default_instance_ = new Method();
+  Api::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Method::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto);
+}
+
+// Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
+struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto {
+  StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
+    protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  }
+} static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_;
+
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << __FILE__ << ":" << line;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Api::kNameFieldNumber;
+const int Api::kMethodsFieldNumber;
+const int Api::kOptionsFieldNumber;
+const int Api::kVersionFieldNumber;
+const int Api::kSourceContextFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Api::Api()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Api)
+}
+
+void Api::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+  source_context_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::SourceContext*>(&::google::protobuf::SourceContext::default_instance());
+}
+
+Api::Api(const Api& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Api)
+}
+
+void Api::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  version_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+}
+
+Api::~Api() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Api)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Api::SharedDtor() {
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  version_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+}
+
+void Api::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Api::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Api_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Api& Api::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Api* Api::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Api* Api::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Api* n = new Api;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Api::Clear() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  version_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+  methods_.Clear();
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+
+bool Api::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Api)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_name()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Api.name");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_methods;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
+      case 2: {
+        if (tag == 18) {
+         parse_methods:
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_methods:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+                input, add_methods()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_loop_methods;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_loop_options;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+      case 3: {
+        if (tag == 26) {
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_options:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+                input, add_options()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_loop_options;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        if (input->ExpectTag(34)) goto parse_version;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional string version = 4;
+      case 4: {
+        if (tag == 34) {
+         parse_version:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_version()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->version().data(), this->version().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Api.version");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(42)) goto parse_source_context;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+      case 5: {
+        if (tag == 42) {
+         parse_source_context:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+               input, mutable_source_context()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Api)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Api)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Api::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Api)
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Api.name");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      1, this->name(), output);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->methods_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      2, this->methods(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->options_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      3, this->options(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional string version = 4;
+  if (this->version().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->version().data(), this->version().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Api.version");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      4, this->version(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      5, *this->source_context_, output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Api)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Api::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Api)
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Api.name");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        1, this->name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->methods_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        2, this->methods(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->options_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        3, this->options(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string version = 4;
+  if (this->version().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->version().data(), this->version().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Api.version");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        4, this->version(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        5, *this->source_context_, target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Api)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Api::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->name());
+  }
+
+  // optional string version = 4;
+  if (this->version().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->version());
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        *this->source_context_);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
+  total_size += 1 * this->methods_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->methods_size(); i++) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        this->methods(i));
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  total_size += 1 * this->options_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->options_size(); i++) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        this->options(i));
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Api::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Api* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Api>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Api::MergeFrom(const Api& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  methods_.MergeFrom(from.methods_);
+  options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  if (from.version().size() > 0) {
+
+    version_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.version_);
+  }
+  if (from.has_source_context()) {
+    mutable_source_context()->::google::protobuf::SourceContext::MergeFrom(from.source_context());
+  }
+}
+
+void Api::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Api::CopyFrom(const Api& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Api::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Api::Swap(Api* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Api::InternalSwap(Api* other) {
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_);
+  methods_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->methods_);
+  options_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->options_);
+  version_.Swap(&other->version_);
+  std::swap(source_context_, other->source_context_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Api::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Api_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Api_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Api
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+void Api::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& Api::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Api::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+ void Api::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+ void Api::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* Api::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Api::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Api::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
+int Api::methods_size() const {
+  return methods_.size();
+}
+void Api::clear_methods() {
+  methods_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::Method& Api::methods(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return methods_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Method* Api::mutable_methods(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return methods_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Method* Api::add_methods() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return methods_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Method >&
+Api::methods() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return methods_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Method >*
+Api::mutable_methods() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return &methods_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+int Api::options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+void Api::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::Option& Api::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Option* Api::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Option* Api::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+Api::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+Api::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+
+// optional string version = 4;
+void Api::clear_version() {
+  version_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& Api::version() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+  return version_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Api::set_version(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  version_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+ void Api::set_version(const char* value) {
+  
+  version_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+ void Api::set_version(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  version_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+ ::std::string* Api::mutable_version() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+  return version_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Api::release_version() {
+  
+  return version_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Api::set_allocated_version(::std::string* version) {
+  if (version != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  version_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), version);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+bool Api::has_source_context() const {
+  return !_is_default_instance_ && source_context_ != NULL;
+}
+void Api::clear_source_context() {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Api::source_context() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.source_context)
+  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_ : *default_instance_->source_context_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Api::mutable_source_context() {
+  
+  if (source_context_ == NULL) {
+    source_context_ = new ::google::protobuf::SourceContext;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.source_context)
+  return source_context_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Api::release_source_context() {
+  
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+ void Api::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  if (source_context) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Api.source_context)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Method::kNameFieldNumber;
+const int Method::kRequestTypeUrlFieldNumber;
+const int Method::kRequestStreamingFieldNumber;
+const int Method::kResponseTypeUrlFieldNumber;
+const int Method::kResponseStreamingFieldNumber;
+const int Method::kOptionsFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Method::Method()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Method)
+}
+
+void Method::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+Method::Method(const Method& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Method)
+}
+
+void Method::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  request_type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  request_streaming_ = false;
+  response_type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  response_streaming_ = false;
+}
+
+Method::~Method() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Method)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Method::SharedDtor() {
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  request_type_url_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  response_type_url_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void Method::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Method::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Method_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Method& Method::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Method* Method::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Method* Method::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Method* n = new Method;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Method::Clear() {
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<Method*>(16)->f)
+
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&first, 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
+
+  ZR_(request_streaming_, response_streaming_);
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  request_type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  response_type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
+#undef ZR_
+
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+
+bool Method::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Method)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_name()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Method.name");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_request_type_url;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional string request_type_url = 2;
+      case 2: {
+        if (tag == 18) {
+         parse_request_type_url:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_request_type_url()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->request_type_url().data(), this->request_type_url().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(24)) goto parse_request_streaming;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional bool request_streaming = 3;
+      case 3: {
+        if (tag == 24) {
+         parse_request_streaming:
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
+                 input, &request_streaming_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(34)) goto parse_response_type_url;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional string response_type_url = 4;
+      case 4: {
+        if (tag == 34) {
+         parse_response_type_url:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_response_type_url()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->response_type_url().data(), this->response_type_url().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(40)) goto parse_response_streaming;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional bool response_streaming = 5;
+      case 5: {
+        if (tag == 40) {
+         parse_response_streaming:
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
+                 input, &response_streaming_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_options;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
+      case 6: {
+        if (tag == 50) {
+         parse_options:
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_options:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+                input, add_options()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_loop_options;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Method)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Method)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Method::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Method)
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Method.name");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      1, this->name(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional string request_type_url = 2;
+  if (this->request_type_url().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->request_type_url().data(), this->request_type_url().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      2, this->request_type_url(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool request_streaming = 3;
+  if (this->request_streaming() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(3, this->request_streaming(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional string response_type_url = 4;
+  if (this->response_type_url().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->response_type_url().data(), this->response_type_url().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      4, this->response_type_url(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool response_streaming = 5;
+  if (this->response_streaming() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(5, this->response_streaming(), output);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->options_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      6, this->options(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Method)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Method::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Method)
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Method.name");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        1, this->name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string request_type_url = 2;
+  if (this->request_type_url().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->request_type_url().data(), this->request_type_url().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        2, this->request_type_url(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool request_streaming = 3;
+  if (this->request_streaming() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(3, this->request_streaming(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string response_type_url = 4;
+  if (this->response_type_url().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->response_type_url().data(), this->response_type_url().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        4, this->response_type_url(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool response_streaming = 5;
+  if (this->response_streaming() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(5, this->response_streaming(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->options_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        6, this->options(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Method)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Method::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->name());
+  }
+
+  // optional string request_type_url = 2;
+  if (this->request_type_url().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->request_type_url());
+  }
+
+  // optional bool request_streaming = 3;
+  if (this->request_streaming() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 + 1;
+  }
+
+  // optional string response_type_url = 4;
+  if (this->response_type_url().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->response_type_url());
+  }
+
+  // optional bool response_streaming = 5;
+  if (this->response_streaming() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 + 1;
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
+  total_size += 1 * this->options_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->options_size(); i++) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        this->options(i));
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Method::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Method* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Method>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Method::MergeFrom(const Method& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  if (from.request_type_url().size() > 0) {
+
+    request_type_url_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.request_type_url_);
+  }
+  if (from.request_streaming() != 0) {
+    set_request_streaming(from.request_streaming());
+  }
+  if (from.response_type_url().size() > 0) {
+
+    response_type_url_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.response_type_url_);
+  }
+  if (from.response_streaming() != 0) {
+    set_response_streaming(from.response_streaming());
+  }
+}
+
+void Method::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Method::CopyFrom(const Method& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Method::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Method::Swap(Method* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Method::InternalSwap(Method* other) {
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_);
+  request_type_url_.Swap(&other->request_type_url_);
+  std::swap(request_streaming_, other->request_streaming_);
+  response_type_url_.Swap(&other->response_type_url_);
+  std::swap(response_streaming_, other->response_streaming_);
+  options_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->options_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Method::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Method_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Method_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Method
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+void Method::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& Method::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Method::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+ void Method::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+ void Method::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* Method::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Method::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Method::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+
+// optional string request_type_url = 2;
+void Method::clear_request_type_url() {
+  request_type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& Method::request_type_url() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+  return request_type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Method::set_request_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  request_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+ void Method::set_request_type_url(const char* value) {
+  
+  request_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+ void Method::set_request_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  request_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+ ::std::string* Method::mutable_request_type_url() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+  return request_type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Method::release_request_type_url() {
+  
+  return request_type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Method::set_allocated_request_type_url(::std::string* request_type_url) {
+  if (request_type_url != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  request_type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), request_type_url);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+
+// optional bool request_streaming = 3;
+void Method::clear_request_streaming() {
+  request_streaming_ = false;
+}
+ bool Method::request_streaming() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.request_streaming)
+  return request_streaming_;
+}
+ void Method::set_request_streaming(bool value) {
+  
+  request_streaming_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.request_streaming)
+}
+
+// optional string response_type_url = 4;
+void Method::clear_response_type_url() {
+  response_type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& Method::response_type_url() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+  return response_type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Method::set_response_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  response_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+ void Method::set_response_type_url(const char* value) {
+  
+  response_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+ void Method::set_response_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  response_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+ ::std::string* Method::mutable_response_type_url() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+  return response_type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Method::release_response_type_url() {
+  
+  return response_type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Method::set_allocated_response_type_url(::std::string* response_type_url) {
+  if (response_type_url != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  response_type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), response_type_url);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+
+// optional bool response_streaming = 5;
+void Method::clear_response_streaming() {
+  response_streaming_ = false;
+}
+ bool Method::response_streaming() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.response_streaming)
+  return response_streaming_;
+}
+ void Method::set_response_streaming(bool value) {
+  
+  response_streaming_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.response_streaming)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
+int Method::options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+void Method::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::Option& Method::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Option* Method::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Option* Method::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+Method::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+Method::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..985adc5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/api.proto
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto__INCLUDED
+#define PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto__INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3000000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3000000 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include "google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/type.pb.h"
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+
+class Api;
+class Method;
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Api : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Api();
+  virtual ~Api();
+
+  Api(const Api& from);
+
+  inline Api& operator=(const Api& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Api& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(Api* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Api* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Api* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Api& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Api& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Api* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
+  int methods_size() const;
+  void clear_methods();
+  static const int kMethodsFieldNumber = 2;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Method& methods(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::Method* mutable_methods(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::Method* add_methods();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Method >&
+      methods() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Method >*
+      mutable_methods();
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  int options_size() const;
+  void clear_options();
+  static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 3;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Option& options(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::Option* mutable_options(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::Option* add_options();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+      options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+      mutable_options();
+
+  // optional string version = 4;
+  void clear_version();
+  static const int kVersionFieldNumber = 4;
+  const ::std::string& version() const;
+  void set_version(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_version(const char* value);
+  void set_version(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_version();
+  ::std::string* release_version();
+  void set_allocated_version(::std::string* version);
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  bool has_source_context() const;
+  void clear_source_context();
+  static const int kSourceContextFieldNumber = 5;
+  const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& source_context() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* mutable_source_context();
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* release_source_context();
+  void set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Api)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Method > methods_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr version_;
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Api* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Method : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Method();
+  virtual ~Method();
+
+  Method(const Method& from);
+
+  inline Method& operator=(const Method& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Method& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(Method* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Method* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Method* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Method& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Method& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Method* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+
+  // optional string request_type_url = 2;
+  void clear_request_type_url();
+  static const int kRequestTypeUrlFieldNumber = 2;
+  const ::std::string& request_type_url() const;
+  void set_request_type_url(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_request_type_url(const char* value);
+  void set_request_type_url(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_request_type_url();
+  ::std::string* release_request_type_url();
+  void set_allocated_request_type_url(::std::string* request_type_url);
+
+  // optional bool request_streaming = 3;
+  void clear_request_streaming();
+  static const int kRequestStreamingFieldNumber = 3;
+  bool request_streaming() const;
+  void set_request_streaming(bool value);
+
+  // optional string response_type_url = 4;
+  void clear_response_type_url();
+  static const int kResponseTypeUrlFieldNumber = 4;
+  const ::std::string& response_type_url() const;
+  void set_response_type_url(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_response_type_url(const char* value);
+  void set_response_type_url(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_response_type_url();
+  ::std::string* release_response_type_url();
+  void set_allocated_response_type_url(::std::string* response_type_url);
+
+  // optional bool response_streaming = 5;
+  void clear_response_streaming();
+  static const int kResponseStreamingFieldNumber = 5;
+  bool response_streaming() const;
+  void set_response_streaming(bool value);
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
+  int options_size() const;
+  void clear_options();
+  static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 6;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Option& options(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::Option* mutable_options(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::Option* add_options();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+      options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+      mutable_options();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Method)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr request_type_url_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr response_type_url_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
+  bool request_streaming_;
+  bool response_streaming_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Method* default_instance_;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Api
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline void Api::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Api::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Api::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+inline void Api::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+inline void Api::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Api::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Api::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Api::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Api.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
+inline int Api::methods_size() const {
+  return methods_.size();
+}
+inline void Api::clear_methods() {
+  methods_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::Method& Api::methods(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return methods_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Method* Api::mutable_methods(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return methods_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Method* Api::add_methods() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return methods_.Add();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Method >&
+Api::methods() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return methods_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Method >*
+Api::mutable_methods() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Api.methods)
+  return &methods_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+inline int Api::options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+inline void Api::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::Option& Api::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Option* Api::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Option* Api::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+Api::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+Api::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Api.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+
+// optional string version = 4;
+inline void Api::clear_version() {
+  version_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Api::version() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+  return version_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Api::set_version(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  version_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+inline void Api::set_version(const char* value) {
+  
+  version_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+inline void Api::set_version(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  version_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Api::mutable_version() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+  return version_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Api::release_version() {
+  
+  return version_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Api::set_allocated_version(::std::string* version) {
+  if (version != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  version_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), version);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Api.version)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+inline bool Api::has_source_context() const {
+  return !_is_default_instance_ && source_context_ != NULL;
+}
+inline void Api::clear_source_context() {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Api::source_context() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.source_context)
+  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_ : *default_instance_->source_context_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Api::mutable_source_context() {
+  
+  if (source_context_ == NULL) {
+    source_context_ = new ::google::protobuf::SourceContext;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.source_context)
+  return source_context_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Api::release_source_context() {
+  
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline void Api::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  if (source_context) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Api.source_context)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Method
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline void Method::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Method::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Method::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+inline void Method::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+inline void Method::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Method::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Method::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Method::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Method.name)
+}
+
+// optional string request_type_url = 2;
+inline void Method::clear_request_type_url() {
+  request_type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Method::request_type_url() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+  return request_type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Method::set_request_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  request_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+inline void Method::set_request_type_url(const char* value) {
+  
+  request_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+inline void Method::set_request_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  request_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Method::mutable_request_type_url() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+  return request_type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Method::release_request_type_url() {
+  
+  return request_type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Method::set_allocated_request_type_url(::std::string* request_type_url) {
+  if (request_type_url != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  request_type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), request_type_url);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
+}
+
+// optional bool request_streaming = 3;
+inline void Method::clear_request_streaming() {
+  request_streaming_ = false;
+}
+inline bool Method::request_streaming() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.request_streaming)
+  return request_streaming_;
+}
+inline void Method::set_request_streaming(bool value) {
+  
+  request_streaming_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.request_streaming)
+}
+
+// optional string response_type_url = 4;
+inline void Method::clear_response_type_url() {
+  response_type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Method::response_type_url() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+  return response_type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Method::set_response_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  response_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+inline void Method::set_response_type_url(const char* value) {
+  
+  response_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+inline void Method::set_response_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  response_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Method::mutable_response_type_url() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+  return response_type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Method::release_response_type_url() {
+  
+  return response_type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Method::set_allocated_response_type_url(::std::string* response_type_url) {
+  if (response_type_url != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  response_type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), response_type_url);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
+}
+
+// optional bool response_streaming = 5;
+inline void Method::clear_response_streaming() {
+  response_streaming_ = false;
+}
+inline bool Method::response_streaming() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.response_streaming)
+  return response_streaming_;
+}
+inline void Method::set_response_streaming(bool value) {
+  
+  response_streaming_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.response_streaming)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
+inline int Method::options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+inline void Method::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::Option& Method::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Option* Method::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Option* Method::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+Method::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+Method::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Method.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto__INCLUDED
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/api.proto b/src/google/protobuf/api.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6c2a8b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/api.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+import "google/protobuf/source_context.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/type.proto";
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "ApiProto";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+
+// Api is a light-weight descriptor for a protocol buffer service.
+message Api {
+  // The fully qualified name of this api, including package name
+  // followed by the api's simple name.
+  string name = 1;
+
+  // The methods of this api, in unspecified order.
+  repeated Method methods = 2;
+
+  // Any metadata attached to the API.
+  repeated Option options = 3;
+
+  // A version string for this api. If specified, must have the form
+  // `major-version.minor-version`, as in `1.10`. If the minor version
+  // is omitted, it defaults to zero. If the entire version field is
+  // empty, the major version is derived from the package name, as
+  // outlined below. If the field is not empty, the version in the
+  // package name will be verified to be consistent with what is
+  // provided here.
+  //
+  // The versioning schema uses [semantic
+  // versioning](http://semver.org) where the major version number
+  // indicates a breaking change and the minor version an additive,
+  // non-breaking change. Both version numbers are signals to users
+  // what to expect from different versions, and should be carefully
+  // chosen based on the product plan.
+  //
+  // The major version is also reflected in the package name of the
+  // API, which must end in `v<major-version>`, as in
+  // `google.feature.v1`. For major versions 0 and 1, the suffix can
+  // be omitted. Zero major versions must only be used for
+  // experimental, none-GA apis.
+  //
+  // See also: [design doc](http://go/api-versioning).
+  //
+  //
+  string version = 4;
+
+  // Source context for the protocol buffer service represented by this
+  // message.
+  SourceContext source_context = 5;
+}
+
+// Method represents a method of an api.
+message Method {
+  // The simple name of this method.
+  string name = 1;
+
+  // A URL of the input message type.
+  string request_type_url = 2;
+
+  // If true, the request is streamed.
+  bool request_streaming = 3;
+
+  // The URL of the output message type.
+  string response_type_url = 4;
+
+  // If true, the response is streamed.
+  bool response_streaming = 5;
+
+  // Any metadata attached to the method.
+  repeated Option options = 6;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/arena.cc b/src/google/protobuf/arena.cc
index 18536781..ed1c5ef2 100644..100755
--- a/src/google/protobuf/arena.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/arena.cc
@@ -43,39 +43,63 @@ Arena::ThreadCache& Arena::thread_cache() {
   static GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL ThreadCache thread_cache_ = { -1, NULL };
   return thread_cache_;
 }
+#elif defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL)
+Arena::ThreadCache& Arena::thread_cache() {
+  static internal::ThreadLocalStorage<ThreadCache>* thread_cache_ =
+      new internal::ThreadLocalStorage<ThreadCache>();
+  return *thread_cache_->Get();
+}
 #else
 GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL Arena::ThreadCache Arena::thread_cache_ = { -1, NULL };
 #endif
 
-void Arena::Init(const ArenaOptions& options) {
+void Arena::Init() {
   lifecycle_id_ = lifecycle_id_generator_.GetNext();
-  start_block_size_ = options.start_block_size;
-  max_block_size_ = options.max_block_size;
-  block_alloc = options.block_alloc;
-  block_dealloc = options.block_dealloc;
   blocks_ = 0;
   hint_ = 0;
   owns_first_block_ = true;
   cleanup_list_ = 0;
 
-  if (options.initial_block != NULL && options.initial_block_size > 0) {
+  if (options_.initial_block != NULL && options_.initial_block_size > 0) {
     // Add first unowned block to list.
-    Block* first_block = reinterpret_cast<Block*>(options.initial_block);
-    first_block->size = options.initial_block_size;
+    Block* first_block = reinterpret_cast<Block*>(options_.initial_block);
+    first_block->size = options_.initial_block_size;
     first_block->pos = kHeaderSize;
     first_block->next = NULL;
     first_block->owner = &first_block->owner;
     AddBlock(first_block);
     owns_first_block_ = false;
   }
+
+  // Call the initialization hook
+  if (options_.on_arena_init != NULL) {
+    hooks_cookie_ = options_.on_arena_init(this);
+  } else {
+    hooks_cookie_ = NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+Arena::~Arena() {
+  uint64 space_allocated = Reset();
+
+  // Call the destruction hook
+  if (options_.on_arena_destruction != NULL) {
+    options_.on_arena_destruction(this, hooks_cookie_, space_allocated);
+  }
 }
 
 uint64 Arena::Reset() {
   CleanupList();
-  uint64 space_used = FreeBlocks();
+  uint64 space_allocated = FreeBlocks();
   // Invalidate any ThreadCaches pointing to any blocks we just destroyed.
   lifecycle_id_ = lifecycle_id_generator_.GetNext();
-  return space_used;
+
+  // Call the reset hook
+  if (options_.on_arena_reset != NULL) {
+    options_.on_arena_reset(this, hooks_cookie_, space_allocated);
+  }
+
+  return space_allocated;
 }
 
 Arena::Block* Arena::NewBlock(void* me, Block* my_last_block, size_t n,
@@ -93,7 +117,7 @@ Arena::Block* Arena::NewBlock(void* me, Block* my_last_block, size_t n,
     size = kHeaderSize + n;
   }
 
-  Block* b = reinterpret_cast<Block*>(block_alloc(size));
+  Block* b = reinterpret_cast<Block*>(options_.block_alloc(size));
   b->pos = kHeaderSize + n;
   b->size = size;
   if (b->avail() == 0) {
@@ -130,10 +154,16 @@ void Arena::AddListNode(void* elem, void (*cleanup)(void*)) {
             reinterpret_cast<google::protobuf::internal::AtomicWord>(node)));
 }
 
-void* Arena::AllocateAligned(size_t n) {
+void* Arena::AllocateAligned(const std::type_info* allocated, size_t n) {
   // Align n to next multiple of 8 (from Hacker's Delight, Chapter 3.)
   n = (n + 7) & -8;
 
+  // Monitor allocation if needed.
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(hooks_cookie_ != NULL) &&
+      options_.on_arena_allocation != NULL) {
+    options_.on_arena_allocation(allocated, n, hooks_cookie_);
+  }
+
   // If this thread already owns a block in this arena then try to use that.
   // This fast path optimizes the case where multiple threads allocate from the
   // same arena.
@@ -184,7 +214,7 @@ void* Arena::SlowAlloc(size_t n) {
     google::protobuf::internal::NoBarrier_Store(&hint_, reinterpret_cast<google::protobuf::internal::AtomicWord>(b));
     return AllocFromBlock(b, n);
   }
-  b = NewBlock(me, b, n, start_block_size_, max_block_size_);
+  b = NewBlock(me, b, n, options_.start_block_size, options_.max_block_size);
   AddBlock(b);
   if (b->owner == me) {  // If this block can be reused (see NewBlock()).
     SetThreadCacheBlock(b);
@@ -192,29 +222,38 @@ void* Arena::SlowAlloc(size_t n) {
   return reinterpret_cast<char*>(b) + kHeaderSize;
 }
 
+uint64 Arena::SpaceAllocated() const {
+  uint64 space_allocated = 0;
+  Block* b = reinterpret_cast<Block*>(google::protobuf::internal::NoBarrier_Load(&blocks_));
+  while (b != NULL) {
+    space_allocated += (b->size);
+    b = b->next;
+  }
+  return space_allocated;
+}
+
 uint64 Arena::SpaceUsed() const {
   uint64 space_used = 0;
   Block* b = reinterpret_cast<Block*>(google::protobuf::internal::NoBarrier_Load(&blocks_));
   while (b != NULL) {
-    space_used += (b->size);
+    space_used += (b->pos - kHeaderSize);
     b = b->next;
   }
   return space_used;
 }
 
-
 uint64 Arena::FreeBlocks() {
-  uint64 space_used = 0;
+  uint64 space_allocated = 0;
   Block* b = reinterpret_cast<Block*>(google::protobuf::internal::NoBarrier_Load(&blocks_));
   Block* first_block = NULL;
   while (b != NULL) {
-    space_used += (b->size);
+    space_allocated += (b->size);
     Block* next = b->next;
     if (next != NULL) {
-      block_dealloc(b, b->size);
+      options_.block_dealloc(b, b->size);
     } else {
       if (owns_first_block_) {
-        block_dealloc(b, b->size);
+        options_.block_dealloc(b, b->size);
       } else {
         // User passed in the first block, skip free'ing the memory.
         first_block = b;
@@ -231,7 +270,7 @@ uint64 Arena::FreeBlocks() {
     first_block->owner = &first_block->owner;
     AddBlock(first_block);
   }
-  return space_used;
+  return space_allocated;
 }
 
 void Arena::CleanupList() {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/arena.h b/src/google/protobuf/arena.h
index d0cb163c..51149bae 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/arena.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/arena.h
@@ -28,15 +28,18 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-// This header is logically internal, but is made public because it is used
-// from protocol-compiler-generated code, which may reside in other components.
-
 #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_H__
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_H__
 
-#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/type_traits.h>
+#endif
+#include <typeinfo>
+
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/atomic_sequence_num.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/type_traits.h>
 
 namespace google {
@@ -89,19 +92,47 @@ struct ArenaOptions {
 
   // A function pointer to an alloc method that returns memory blocks of size
   // requested. By default, it contains a ptr to the malloc function.
+  //
+  // NOTE: block_alloc and dealloc functions are expected to behave like
+  // malloc and free, including Asan poisoning.
   void* (*block_alloc)(size_t);
   // A function pointer to a dealloc method that takes ownership of the blocks
   // from the arena. By default, it contains a ptr to a wrapper function that
   // calls free.
   void (*block_dealloc)(void*, size_t);
 
+  // Hooks for adding external functionality such as user-specific metrics
+  // collection, specific debugging abilities, etc.
+  // Init hook may return a pointer to a cookie to be stored in the arena.
+  // reset and destruction hooks will then be called with the same cookie
+  // pointer. This allows us to save an external object per arena instance and
+  // use it on the other hooks (Note: It is just as legal for init to return
+  // NULL and not use the cookie feature).
+  // on_arena_reset and on_arena_destruction also receive the space used in
+  // the arena just before the reset.
+  void* (*on_arena_init)(Arena* arena);
+  void (*on_arena_reset)(Arena* arena, void* cookie, uint64 space_used);
+  void (*on_arena_destruction)(Arena* arena, void* cookie, uint64 space_used);
+
+  // type_info is promised to be static - its lifetime extends to
+  // match program's lifetime (It is given by typeid operator).
+  // Note: typeid(void) will be passed as allocated_type every time we
+  // intentionally want to avoid monitoring an allocation. (i.e. internal
+  // allocations for managing the arena)
+  void (*on_arena_allocation)(const std::type_info* allocated_type,
+      uint64 alloc_size, void* cookie);
+
   ArenaOptions()
       : start_block_size(kDefaultStartBlockSize),
         max_block_size(kDefaultMaxBlockSize),
         initial_block(NULL),
         initial_block_size(0),
         block_alloc(&malloc),
-        block_dealloc(&internal::arena_free) {}
+        block_dealloc(&internal::arena_free),
+        on_arena_init(NULL),
+        on_arena_reset(NULL),
+        on_arena_destruction(NULL),
+        on_arena_allocation(NULL) {}
 
  private:
   // Constants define default starting block size and max block size for
@@ -110,6 +141,14 @@ struct ArenaOptions {
   static const size_t kDefaultMaxBlockSize   = 8192;
 };
 
+// Support for non-RTTI environments. (The metrics hooks API uses type
+// information.)
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI
+#define RTTI_TYPE_ID(type) (&typeid(type))
+#else
+#define RTTI_TYPE_ID(type) (NULL)
+#endif
+
 // Arena allocator. Arena allocation replaces ordinary (heap-based) allocation
 // with new/delete, and improves performance by aggregating allocations into
 // larger blocks and freeing allocations all at once. Protocol messages are
@@ -119,27 +158,63 @@ struct ArenaOptions {
 // This is a thread-safe implementation: multiple threads may allocate from the
 // arena concurrently. Destruction is not thread-safe and the destructing
 // thread must synchronize with users of the arena first.
+//
+// An arena provides two allocation interfaces: CreateMessage<T>, which works
+// for arena-enabled proto2 message types as well as other types that satisfy
+// the appropriate protocol (described below), and Create<T>, which works for
+// any arbitrary type T. CreateMessage<T> is better when the type T supports it,
+// because this interface (i) passes the arena pointer to the created object so
+// that its sub-objects and internal allocations can use the arena too, and (ii)
+// elides the object's destructor call when possible. Create<T> does not place
+// any special requirements on the type T, and will invoke the object's
+// destructor when the arena is destroyed.
+//
+// The arena message allocation protocol, required by CreateMessage<T>, is as
+// follows:
+//
+// - The type T must have (at least) two constructors: a constructor with no
+//   arguments, called when a T is allocated on the heap; and a constructor with
+//   a google::protobuf::Arena* argument, called when a T is allocated on an arena. If the
+//   second constructor is called with a NULL arena pointer, it must be
+//   equivalent to invoking the first (no-argument) constructor.
+//
+// - The type T must have a particular type trait: a nested type
+//   |InternalArenaConstructable_|. This is usually a typedef to |void|. If no
+//   such type trait exists, then the instantiation CreateMessage<T> will fail
+//   to compile.
+//
+// - The type T *may* have the type trait |DestructorSkippable_|. If this type
+//   trait is present in the type, then its destructor will not be called if and
+//   only if it was passed a non-NULL arena pointer. If this type trait is not
+//   present on the type, then its destructor is always called when the
+//   containing arena is destroyed.
+//
+// - One- and two-user-argument forms of CreateMessage<T>() also exist that
+//   forward these constructor arguments to T's constructor: for example,
+//   CreateMessage<T>(Arena*, arg1, arg2) forwards to a constructor T(Arena*,
+//   arg1, arg2).
+//
+// This protocol is implemented by all arena-enabled proto2 message classes as
+// well as RepeatedPtrField.
 class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
  public:
   // Arena constructor taking custom options. See ArenaOptions below for
   // descriptions of the options available.
-  explicit Arena(const ArenaOptions& options) {
-    Init(options);
+  explicit Arena(const ArenaOptions& options) : options_(options) {
+    Init();
   }
 
   // Default constructor with sensible default options, tuned for average
   // use-cases.
   Arena() {
-    Init(ArenaOptions());
+    Init();
   }
 
   // Destructor deletes all owned heap allocated objects, and destructs objects
   // that have non-trivial destructors, except for proto2 message objects whose
   // destructors can be skipped. Also, frees all blocks except the initial block
   // if it was passed in.
-  ~Arena() {
-    Reset();
-  }
+  ~Arena();
 
   // API to create proto2 message objects on the arena. If the arena passed in
   // is NULL, then a heap allocated object is returned. Type T must be a message
@@ -147,8 +222,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
   // compilation error will occur.
   //
   // RepeatedField and RepeatedPtrField may also be instantiated directly on an
-  // arena with this method: they act as "arena-capable message types" for the
-  // purposes of the Arena API.
+  // arena with this method.
+  //
+  // This function also accepts any type T that satisfies the arena message
+  // allocation protocol, documented above.
   template <typename T> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
   static T* CreateMessage(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
     if (arena == NULL) {
@@ -158,17 +235,55 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
     }
   }
 
+  // One-argument form of CreateMessage. This is useful for constructing objects
+  // that implement the arena message construction protocol described above but
+  // take additional constructor arguments.
+  template <typename T, typename Arg> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  static T* CreateMessage(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena, const Arg& arg) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      return new T(NULL, arg);
+    } else {
+      return arena->CreateMessageInternal<T>(static_cast<T*>(0),
+                                             arg);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Two-argument form of CreateMessage. This is useful for constructing objects
+  // that implement the arena message construction protocol described above but
+  // take additional constructor arguments.
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  static T* CreateMessage(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena,
+                          const Arg1& arg1,
+                          const Arg2& arg2) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      return new T(NULL, arg1, arg2);
+    } else {
+      return arena->CreateMessageInternal<T>(static_cast<T*>(0),
+                                             arg1, arg2);
+    }
+  }
+
   // API to create any objects on the arena. Note that only the object will
   // be created on the arena; the underlying ptrs (in case of a proto2 message)
   // will be still heap allocated. Proto messages should usually be allocated
   // with CreateMessage<T>() instead.
+  //
+  // Note that even if T satisfies the arena message construction protocol
+  // (InternalArenaConstructable_ trait and optional DestructorSkippable_
+  // trait), as described above, this function does not follow the protocol;
+  // instead, it treats T as a black-box type, just as if it did not have these
+  // traits. Specifically, T's constructor arguments will always be only those
+  // passed to Create<T>() -- no additional arena pointer is implicitly added.
+  // Furthermore, the destructor will always be called at arena destruction time
+  // (unless the destructor is trivial). Hence, from T's point of view, it is as
+  // if the object were allocated on the heap (except that the underlying memory
+  // is obtained from the arena).
   template <typename T> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
   static T* Create(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
     if (arena == NULL) {
       return new T();
     } else {
-      return arena->CreateInternal<T>(
-          SkipDeleteList<T>(static_cast<T*>(0)));
+      return arena->CreateInternal<T>(google::protobuf::internal::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value);
     }
   }
 
@@ -178,7 +293,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
     if (arena == NULL) {
       return new T(arg);
     } else {
-      return arena->CreateInternal<T>(SkipDeleteList<T>(static_cast<T*>(0)),
+      return arena->CreateInternal<T>(google::protobuf::internal::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value,
                                       arg);
     }
   }
@@ -189,21 +304,120 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
     if (arena == NULL) {
       return new T(arg1, arg2);
     } else {
-      return arena->CreateInternal<T>(SkipDeleteList<T>(static_cast<T*>(0)),
-                                      arg1,
-                                      arg2);
+      return arena->CreateInternal<T>(google::protobuf::internal::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value,
+                                      arg1, arg2);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Version of the above with three constructor arguments for the created
+  // object.
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename Arg3>
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* Create(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena,
+                                           const Arg1& arg1, const Arg2& arg2,
+                                           const Arg3& arg3) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      return new T(arg1, arg2, arg3);
+    } else {
+      return arena->CreateInternal<T>(google::protobuf::internal::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value,
+                                      arg1, arg2, arg3);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Version of the above with four constructor arguments for the created
+  // object.
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename Arg3,
+            typename Arg4>
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* Create(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena,
+                                           const Arg1& arg1, const Arg2& arg2,
+                                           const Arg3& arg3, const Arg4& arg4) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      return new T(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);
+    } else {
+      return arena->CreateInternal<T>(google::protobuf::internal::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value,
+                                      arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);
     }
   }
 
-  // Create an array of object type T on the arena. Type T must have a trivial
-  // constructor, as it will not be invoked when created on the arena.
+  // Version of the above with five constructor arguments for the created
+  // object.
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename Arg3,
+            typename Arg4, typename Arg5>
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* Create(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena,
+                                           const Arg1& arg1, const Arg2& arg2,
+                                           const Arg3& arg3, const Arg4& arg4,
+                                           const Arg5& arg5) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      return new T(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
+    } else {
+      return arena->CreateInternal<T>(google::protobuf::internal::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value,
+                                      arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Version of the above with six constructor arguments for the created
+  // object.
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename Arg3,
+            typename Arg4, typename Arg5, typename Arg6>
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* Create(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena,
+                                           const Arg1& arg1, const Arg2& arg2,
+                                           const Arg3& arg3, const Arg4& arg4,
+                                           const Arg5& arg5, const Arg6& arg6) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      return new T(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6);
+    } else {
+      return arena->CreateInternal<T>(google::protobuf::internal::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value,
+                                      arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Version of the above with seven constructor arguments for the created
+  // object.
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename Arg3,
+            typename Arg4, typename Arg5, typename Arg6, typename Arg7>
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* Create(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena,
+                                           const Arg1& arg1, const Arg2& arg2,
+                                           const Arg3& arg3, const Arg4& arg4,
+                                           const Arg5& arg5, const Arg6& arg6,
+                                           const Arg7& arg7) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      return new T(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7);
+    } else {
+      return arena->CreateInternal<T>(google::protobuf::internal::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value,
+                                      arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Version of the above with eight constructor arguments for the created
+  // object.
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename Arg3,
+            typename Arg4, typename Arg5, typename Arg6, typename Arg7,
+            typename Arg8>
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE static T* Create(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena,
+                                           const Arg1& arg1, const Arg2& arg2,
+                                           const Arg3& arg3, const Arg4& arg4,
+                                           const Arg5& arg5, const Arg6& arg6,
+                                           const Arg7& arg7, const Arg8& arg8) {
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      return new T(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8);
+    } else {
+      return arena->CreateInternal<T>(
+          google::protobuf::internal::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value,
+          arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Create an array of object type T on the arena *without* invoking the
+  // constructor of T. If `arena` is null, then the return value should be freed
+  // with `delete[] x;` (or `::operator delete[](x);`).
+  // To ensure safe uses, this function checks at compile time
+  // (when compiled as C++11) that T is trivially default-constructible and
+  // trivially destructible.
   template <typename T> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
   static T* CreateArray(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena, size_t num_elements) {
     if (arena == NULL) {
-      return new T[num_elements];
+      return static_cast<T*>(::operator new[](num_elements * sizeof(T)));
     } else {
-      return static_cast<T*>(
-          arena->AllocateAligned(num_elements * sizeof(T)));
+      return arena->CreateInternalRawArray<T>(num_elements);
     }
   }
 
@@ -211,6 +425,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
   // of the underlying blocks. The total space used may not include the new
   // blocks that are allocated by this arena from other threads concurrently
   // with the call to this method.
+  uint64 SpaceAllocated() const GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE;
+  // As above, but does not include any free space in underlying blocks.
   uint64 SpaceUsed() const GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE;
 
   // Frees all storage allocated by this arena after calling destructors
@@ -253,7 +469,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
   // latter is a virtual call, while this method is a templated call that
   // resolves at compile-time.
   template<typename T> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
-  static inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArena(T* value) {
+  static inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArena(const T* value) {
     return GetArenaInternal(value, static_cast<T*>(0));
   }
 
@@ -295,9 +511,6 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
     // data follows
   };
 
-  void* (*block_alloc)(size_t);  // Allocates a free block of a particular size.
-  void (*block_dealloc)(void*, size_t);  // Deallocates the given block.
-
   template<typename Type> friend class ::google::protobuf::internal::GenericTypeHandler;
   friend class MockArena;              // For unit-testing.
   friend class internal::ArenaString;  // For AllocateAligned.
@@ -313,24 +526,30 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
   static const size_t kHeaderSize = sizeof(Block);
   static google::protobuf::internal::SequenceNumber lifecycle_id_generator_;
 #ifdef PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS
+  // Thread local variables cannot be exposed through DLL interface but we can
+  // wrap them in static functions.
+  static ThreadCache& thread_cache();
+#elif defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL)
+  // Android ndk does not support GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL keyword so we use a custom thread
+  // local storage class we implemented.
+  // iOS also does not support the GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL keyword.
   static ThreadCache& thread_cache();
 #else
   static GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL ThreadCache thread_cache_;
   static ThreadCache& thread_cache() { return thread_cache_; }
 #endif
 
-  // SFINAE for skipping addition to delete list for a Type. This is mainly to
-  // skip proto2/proto1 message objects with cc_enable_arenas=true from being
-  // part of the delete list. Also, note, compiler will optimize out the branch
-  // in CreateInternal<T>.
-  //
+  // SFINAE for skipping addition to delete list for a message type when created
+  // with CreateMessage. This is mainly to skip proto2/proto1 message objects
+  // with cc_enable_arenas=true from being part of the delete list. Also, note,
+  // compiler will optimize out the branch in CreateInternal<T>.
   template<typename T>
   static inline bool SkipDeleteList(typename T::DestructorSkippable_*) {
     return true;
   }
 
-  // For non message objects, we skip addition to delete list if the object has
-  // a trivial destructor.
+  // For message objects that don't have the DestructorSkippable_ trait, we
+  // always add to the delete list.
   template<typename T>
   static inline bool SkipDeleteList(...) {
     return google::protobuf::internal::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value;
@@ -352,10 +571,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
     return Create<T>(arena);
   }
 
+  // Just allocate the required size for the given type assuming the
+  // type has a trivial constructor.
+  template<typename T> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  inline T* CreateInternalRawArray(size_t num_elements) {
+    return static_cast<T*>(
+        AllocateAligned(RTTI_TYPE_ID(T), sizeof(T) * num_elements));
+  }
+
   template <typename T> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
   inline T* CreateInternal(
       bool skip_explicit_ownership) {
-    T* t = new (AllocateAligned(sizeof(T))) T();
+    T* t = new (AllocateAligned(RTTI_TYPE_ID(T), sizeof(T))) T();
     if (!skip_explicit_ownership) {
       AddListNode(t, &internal::arena_destruct_object<T>);
     }
@@ -365,7 +592,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
   template <typename T, typename Arg> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
   inline T* CreateInternal(
       bool skip_explicit_ownership, const Arg& arg) {
-    T* t = new (AllocateAligned(sizeof(T))) T(arg);
+    T* t = new (AllocateAligned(RTTI_TYPE_ID(T), sizeof(T))) T(arg);
     if (!skip_explicit_ownership) {
       AddListNode(t, &internal::arena_destruct_object<T>);
     }
@@ -375,7 +602,106 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
   template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
   inline T* CreateInternal(
       bool skip_explicit_ownership, const Arg1& arg1, const Arg2& arg2) {
-    T* t = new (AllocateAligned(sizeof(T))) T(arg1, arg2);
+    T* t = new (AllocateAligned(RTTI_TYPE_ID(T), sizeof(T))) T(arg1, arg2);
+    if (!skip_explicit_ownership) {
+      AddListNode(t, &internal::arena_destruct_object<T>);
+    }
+    return t;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename Arg3>
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE inline T* CreateInternal(bool skip_explicit_ownership,
+                                                   const Arg1& arg1,
+                                                   const Arg2& arg2,
+                                                   const Arg3& arg3) {
+    T* t = new (AllocateAligned(RTTI_TYPE_ID(T), sizeof(T)))
+        T(arg1, arg2, arg3);
+    if (!skip_explicit_ownership) {
+      AddListNode(t, &internal::arena_destruct_object<T>);
+    }
+    return t;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename Arg3,
+            typename Arg4>
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE inline T* CreateInternal(bool skip_explicit_ownership,
+                                                   const Arg1& arg1,
+                                                   const Arg2& arg2,
+                                                   const Arg3& arg3,
+                                                   const Arg4& arg4) {
+    T* t = new (AllocateAligned(RTTI_TYPE_ID(T), sizeof(T)))
+        T(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);
+    if (!skip_explicit_ownership) {
+      AddListNode(t, &internal::arena_destruct_object<T>);
+    }
+    return t;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename Arg3,
+            typename Arg4, typename Arg5>
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE inline T* CreateInternal(bool skip_explicit_ownership,
+                                                   const Arg1& arg1,
+                                                   const Arg2& arg2,
+                                                   const Arg3& arg3,
+                                                   const Arg4& arg4,
+                                                   const Arg5& arg5) {
+    T* t = new (AllocateAligned(RTTI_TYPE_ID(T), sizeof(T)))
+        T(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
+    if (!skip_explicit_ownership) {
+      AddListNode(t, &internal::arena_destruct_object<T>);
+    }
+    return t;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename Arg3,
+            typename Arg4, typename Arg5, typename Arg6>
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE inline T* CreateInternal(bool skip_explicit_ownership,
+                                                   const Arg1& arg1,
+                                                   const Arg2& arg2,
+                                                   const Arg3& arg3,
+                                                   const Arg4& arg4,
+                                                   const Arg5& arg5,
+                                                   const Arg6& arg6) {
+    T* t = new (AllocateAligned(RTTI_TYPE_ID(T), sizeof(T)))
+        T(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6);
+    if (!skip_explicit_ownership) {
+      AddListNode(t, &internal::arena_destruct_object<T>);
+    }
+    return t;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename Arg3,
+            typename Arg4, typename Arg5, typename Arg6, typename Arg7>
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE inline T* CreateInternal(bool skip_explicit_ownership,
+                                                   const Arg1& arg1,
+                                                   const Arg2& arg2,
+                                                   const Arg3& arg3,
+                                                   const Arg4& arg4,
+                                                   const Arg5& arg5,
+                                                   const Arg6& arg6,
+                                                   const Arg7& arg7) {
+    T* t = new (AllocateAligned(RTTI_TYPE_ID(T), sizeof(T)))
+        T(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7);
+    if (!skip_explicit_ownership) {
+      AddListNode(t, &internal::arena_destruct_object<T>);
+    }
+    return t;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2, typename Arg3,
+            typename Arg4, typename Arg5, typename Arg6, typename Arg7,
+            typename Arg8>
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE inline T* CreateInternal(bool skip_explicit_ownership,
+                                                   const Arg1& arg1,
+                                                   const Arg2& arg2,
+                                                   const Arg3& arg3,
+                                                   const Arg4& arg4,
+                                                   const Arg5& arg5,
+                                                   const Arg6& arg6,
+                                                   const Arg7& arg7,
+                                                   const Arg8& arg8) {
+    T* t = new (AllocateAligned(RTTI_TYPE_ID(T), sizeof(T)))
+        T(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8);
     if (!skip_explicit_ownership) {
       AddListNode(t, &internal::arena_destruct_object<T>);
     }
@@ -388,6 +714,39 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
                                      this);
   }
 
+  template <typename T, typename Arg> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  inline T* CreateMessageInternal(typename T::InternalArenaConstructable_*,
+                                  const Arg& arg) {
+    return CreateInternal<T, Arena*>(SkipDeleteList<T>(static_cast<T*>(0)),
+                                     this, arg);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename Arg1, typename Arg2> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
+  inline T* CreateMessageInternal(typename T::InternalArenaConstructable_*,
+                                  const Arg1& arg1, const Arg2& arg2) {
+    return CreateInternal<T, Arena*>(SkipDeleteList<T>(static_cast<T*>(0)),
+                                     this, arg1, arg2);
+  }
+
+  // CreateInArenaStorage is used to implement map field. Without it,
+  // google::protobuf::Map need to call generated message's protected arena constructor,
+  // which needs to declare google::protobuf::Map as friend of generated message.
+  template <typename T>
+  static void CreateInArenaStorage(T* ptr, Arena* arena) {
+    CreateInArenaStorageInternal(ptr, arena, is_arena_constructable<T>::value);
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  static void CreateInArenaStorageInternal(
+      T* ptr, Arena* arena, google::protobuf::internal::true_type) {
+    new (ptr) T(arena);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  static void CreateInArenaStorageInternal(
+      T* ptr, Arena* arena, google::protobuf::internal::false_type) {
+    new (ptr) T;
+  }
+
   // These implement Own(), which registers an object for deletion (destructor
   // call and operator delete()). The second parameter has type 'true_type' if T
   // is a subtype of ::google::protobuf::Message and 'false_type' otherwise. Collapsing
@@ -410,20 +769,27 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
   // InternalArenaConstructable_ tags can be associated with an arena, and such
   // objects must implement a GetArenaNoVirtual() method.
   template<typename T> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
-  static inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaInternal(T* value,
+  static inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaInternal(const T* value,
       typename T::InternalArenaConstructable_*) {
     return value->GetArenaNoVirtual();
   }
 
   template<typename T> GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
-  static inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaInternal(T* value, ...) {
+  static inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaInternal(const T* value, ...) {
     return NULL;
   }
 
+  // Allocate and also optionally call on_arena_allocation callback with the
+  // allocated type info when the hooks are in place in ArenaOptions and
+  // the cookie is not null.
+  void* AllocateAligned(const std::type_info* allocated, size_t n);
 
-  void* AllocateAligned(size_t size);
+  // Allocate an internal allocation, avoiding optional typed monitoring.
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE inline void* AllocateAligned(size_t n) {
+    return AllocateAligned(NULL, n);
+  }
 
-  void Init(const ArenaOptions& options);
+  void Init();
 
   // Free all blocks and return the total space used which is the sums of sizes
   // of the all the allocated blocks.
@@ -444,8 +810,6 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
   }
 
   int64 lifecycle_id_;  // Unique for each arena. Changes on Reset().
-  size_t start_block_size_;  // Starting block size of the arena.
-  size_t max_block_size_;    // Max block size of the arena.
 
   google::protobuf::internal::AtomicWord blocks_;  // Head of linked list of all allocated blocks
   google::protobuf::internal::AtomicWord hint_;    // Fast thread-local block access
@@ -470,9 +834,21 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
   Block* NewBlock(void* me, Block* my_last_block, size_t n,
                   size_t start_block_size, size_t max_block_size);
   static void* AllocFromBlock(Block* b, size_t n);
+  template <typename Key, typename T>
+  friend class Map;
+
+  // The arena may save a cookie it receives from the external on_init hook
+  // and then use it when calling the on_reset and on_destruction hooks.
+  void* hooks_cookie_;
+
+  ArenaOptions options_;
+
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Arena);
 };
 
+// Defined above for supporting environments without RTTI.
+#undef RTTI_TYPE_ID
+
 template<typename T>
 const typename Arena::is_arena_constructable<T>::type
     Arena::is_arena_constructable<T>::value =
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/arena_nc_test.py b/src/google/protobuf/arena_nc_test.py
index 41b1b5f8..87a69b2a 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/arena_nc_test.py
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/arena_nc_test.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#! /usr/bin/python
+#! /usr/bin/env python
 #
 # Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
 # Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
@@ -32,11 +32,13 @@
 
 """Negative compilation unit tests for arena API."""
 
+import unittest
+
 from google3.testing.pybase import fake_target_util
-from google.apputils import basetest
+import unittest
 
 
-class ArenaNcTest(basetest.TestCase):
+class ArenaNcTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
   def testCompilerErrors(self):
     """Runs a list of tests to verify compiler error messages."""
@@ -56,4 +58,4 @@ class ArenaNcTest(basetest.TestCase):
         )
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-  basetest.main()
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.cc b/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21f55c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h>
+
+
+#define EXPECT_EQ GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+NoHeapChecker::~NoHeapChecker() {
+  capture_alloc.Unhook();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, capture_alloc.alloc_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, capture_alloc.free_count());
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h b/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..690cc706
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_TEST_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_TEST_UTIL_H__
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+class NoHeapChecker {
+ public:
+  NoHeapChecker() {
+    capture_alloc.Hook();
+  }
+  ~NoHeapChecker();
+ private:
+  class NewDeleteCapture {
+   public:
+    // TOOD(xiaofeng): Implement this for opensource protobuf.
+    void Hook() {}
+    void Unhook() {}
+    int alloc_count() { return 0; }
+    int free_count() { return 0; }
+  } capture_alloc;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARENA_TEST_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc
index 9d3d3e3e..6c185695 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc
@@ -37,18 +37,23 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
 #endif
 #include <string>
+#include <typeinfo>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest_arena.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/message.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
@@ -91,6 +96,60 @@ class SimpleDataType {
  private:
   Notifier* notifier_;
 };
+
+// A simple class that does not allow copying and so cannot be used as a
+// parameter type without "const &".
+class PleaseDontCopyMe {
+ public:
+  explicit PleaseDontCopyMe(int value) : value_(value) {}
+
+  int value() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  int value_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(PleaseDontCopyMe);
+};
+
+// A class that takes four different types as constructor arguments.
+class MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughFour {
+ public:
+  MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughFour(
+      int one, const char* two, const string& three,
+      const PleaseDontCopyMe* four)
+      : one_(one), two_(two), three_(three), four_(four) {}
+
+  int one_;
+  const char* const two_;
+  string three_;
+  const PleaseDontCopyMe* four_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughFour);
+};
+
+// A class that takes eight different types as constructor arguments.
+class MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughEight {
+ public:
+  MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughEight(
+      int one, const char* two, const string& three,
+      const PleaseDontCopyMe* four, int five, const char* six,
+      const string& seven, const string& eight)
+      : one_(one), two_(two), three_(three), four_(four), five_(five),
+        six_(six), seven_(seven), eight_(eight) {}
+
+  int one_;
+  const char* const two_;
+  string three_;
+  const PleaseDontCopyMe* four_;
+  int five_;
+  const char* const six_;
+  string seven_;
+  string eight_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughEight);
+};
+
 }  // namespace
 
 TEST(ArenaTest, ArenaConstructable) {
@@ -122,6 +181,40 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, BasicCreate) {
   EXPECT_EQ(2, notifier.GetCount());
 }
 
+TEST(ArenaTest, CreateWithFourConstructorArguments) {
+  Arena arena;
+  const string three("3");
+  const PleaseDontCopyMe four(4);
+  const MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughFour* new_object =
+      Arena::Create<MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughFour>(
+          &arena, 1, "2", three, &four);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(new_object != NULL);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, new_object->one_);
+  ASSERT_STREQ("2", new_object->two_);
+  ASSERT_EQ("3", new_object->three_);
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, new_object->four_->value());
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, CreateWithEightConstructorArguments) {
+  Arena arena;
+  const string three("3");
+  const PleaseDontCopyMe four(4);
+  const string seven("7");
+  const string eight("8");
+  const MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughEight* new_object =
+      Arena::Create<MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughEight>(
+          &arena, 1, "2", three, &four, 5, "6", seven, eight);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(new_object != NULL);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, new_object->one_);
+  ASSERT_STREQ("2", new_object->two_);
+  ASSERT_EQ("3", new_object->three_);
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, new_object->four_->value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5, new_object->five_);
+  ASSERT_STREQ("6", new_object->six_);
+  ASSERT_EQ("7", new_object->seven_);
+  ASSERT_EQ("8", new_object->eight_);
+}
+
 TEST(ArenaTest, InitialBlockTooSmall) {
   // Construct a small (64 byte) initial block of memory to be used by the
   // arena allocator; then, allocate an object which will not fit in the
@@ -380,6 +473,7 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, ReleaseFromArenaMessageMakesCopy) {
   delete nested_string;
 }
 
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI
 TEST(ArenaTest, ReleaseFromArenaMessageUsingReflectionMakesCopy) {
   TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nested_msg = NULL;
   // Note: no string: reflection API only supports releasing submessages.
@@ -390,12 +484,13 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, ReleaseFromArenaMessageUsingReflectionMakesCopy) {
     const Reflection* r = arena_message->GetReflection();
     const FieldDescriptor* f = arena_message->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName(
         "optional_nested_message");
-    nested_msg = dynamic_cast<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage*>(
+    nested_msg = static_cast<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage*>(
         r->ReleaseMessage(arena_message, f));
   }
   EXPECT_EQ(42, nested_msg->bb());
   delete nested_msg;
 }
+#endif  // !GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI
 
 TEST(ArenaTest, UnsafeArenaReleaseDoesNotMakeCopy) {
   Arena arena;
@@ -671,6 +766,57 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, UnsafeArenaAddAllocated) {
   }
 }
 
+TEST(ArenaTest, UnsafeArenaRelease) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+
+  string* s = new string("test string");
+  message->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_optional_string(s);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->has_optional_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("test string", message->optional_string());
+  s = message->unsafe_arena_release_optional_string();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message->has_optional_string());
+  delete s;
+
+  s = new string("test string");
+  message->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_oneof_string(s);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->has_oneof_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("test string", message->oneof_string());
+  s = message->unsafe_arena_release_oneof_string();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message->has_oneof_string());
+  delete s;
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, ArenaOneofReflection) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  const Descriptor* desc = message->GetDescriptor();
+  const Reflection* refl = message->GetReflection();
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* string_field = desc->FindFieldByName(
+      "oneof_string");
+  const FieldDescriptor* msg_field = desc->FindFieldByName(
+      "oneof_nested_message");
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof = desc->FindOneofByName(
+      "oneof_field");
+
+  refl->SetString(message, string_field, "Test value");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(refl->HasOneof(*message, oneof));
+  refl->ClearOneof(message, oneof);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(refl->HasOneof(*message, oneof));
+
+  Message* submsg = refl->MutableMessage(message, msg_field);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(refl->HasOneof(*message, oneof));
+  refl->ClearOneof(message, oneof);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(refl->HasOneof(*message, oneof));
+  refl->MutableMessage(message, msg_field);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(refl->HasOneof(*message, oneof));
+  submsg = refl->ReleaseMessage(message, msg_field);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(refl->HasOneof(*message, oneof));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(submsg->GetArena() == NULL);
+  delete submsg;
+}
+
 namespace {
 void TestSwapRepeatedField(Arena* arena1, Arena* arena2) {
   // Test "safe" (copying) semantics for direct Swap() on RepeatedPtrField
@@ -746,27 +892,6 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, ExtensionsOnArena) {
       protobuf_unittest::optional_nested_message_extension)->set_bb(42);
 }
 
-class NoHeapChecker {
- public:
-  NoHeapChecker() {
-    capture_alloc.Hook();
-  }
-  ~NoHeapChecker() {
-    capture_alloc.Unhook();
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, capture_alloc.alloc_count());
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, capture_alloc.free_count());
-  }
- private:
-  class NewDeleteCapture {
-   public:
-    // TOOD(xiaofeng): Implement this for opensource protobuf.
-    void Hook() {}
-    void Unhook() {}
-    int alloc_count() { return 0; }
-    int free_count() { return 0; }
-  } capture_alloc;
-};
-
 TEST(ArenaTest, RepeatedFieldOnArena) {
   // Preallocate an initial arena block to avoid mallocs during hooked region.
   std::vector<char> arena_block(1024 * 1024);
@@ -776,7 +901,7 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, RepeatedFieldOnArena) {
   Arena arena(options);
 
   {
-    NoHeapChecker no_heap;
+    internal::NoHeapChecker no_heap;
 
     // Fill some repeated fields on the arena to test for leaks. Also verify no
     // memory allocations.
@@ -846,6 +971,7 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, RepeatedFieldOnArena) {
 }
 
 
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI
 TEST(ArenaTest, MutableMessageReflection) {
   Arena arena;
   TestAllTypes* message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
@@ -853,7 +979,7 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, MutableMessageReflection) {
   const Descriptor* d = message->GetDescriptor();
   const FieldDescriptor* field = d->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
   TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* submessage =
-      dynamic_cast<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage*>(
+      static_cast<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage*>(
           r->MutableMessage(message, field));
   TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* submessage_expected =
       message->mutable_optional_nested_message();
@@ -862,13 +988,14 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, MutableMessageReflection) {
   EXPECT_EQ(&arena, submessage->GetArena());
 
   const FieldDescriptor* oneof_field = d->FindFieldByName("oneof_nested_message");
-  submessage = dynamic_cast<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage*>(
+  submessage = static_cast<TestAllTypes::NestedMessage*>(
       r->MutableMessage(message, oneof_field));
   submessage_expected = message->mutable_oneof_nested_message();
 
   EXPECT_EQ(submessage_expected, submessage);
   EXPECT_EQ(&arena, submessage->GetArena());
 }
+#endif  // !GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI
 
 
 namespace {
@@ -911,7 +1038,7 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, NoHeapAllocationsTest) {
   arena.Reset();
 }
 
-
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI
 // Test construction on an arena via generic MessageLite interface. We should be
 // able to successfully deserialize on the arena without incurring heap
 // allocations, i.e., everything should still be arena-allocation-aware.
@@ -921,8 +1048,7 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, MessageLiteOnArena) {
   options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
   options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
   Arena arena(options);
-  const google::protobuf::MessageLite* prototype = dynamic_cast<
-      const google::protobuf::MessageLite*>(&TestAllTypes::default_instance());
+  const google::protobuf::MessageLite* prototype = &TestAllTypes::default_instance();
 
   TestAllTypes initial_message;
   FillArenaAwareFields(&initial_message);
@@ -935,13 +1061,13 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, MessageLiteOnArena) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(generic_message != NULL);
     EXPECT_EQ(&arena, generic_message->GetArena());
     EXPECT_TRUE(generic_message->ParseFromString(serialized));
-    TestAllTypes* deserialized = dynamic_cast<TestAllTypes*>(generic_message);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(deserialized != NULL);
+    TestAllTypes* deserialized = static_cast<TestAllTypes*>(generic_message);
     EXPECT_EQ(42, deserialized->optional_int32());
   }
 
   arena.Reset();
 }
+#endif  // !GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI
 
 
 // RepeatedField should support non-POD types, and invoke constructors and
@@ -963,16 +1089,23 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, RepeatedFieldWithNonPODType) {
   }
 }
 
-TEST(ArenaTest, SpaceUsed) {
+// Align n to next multiple of 8
+namespace {
+uint64 Align8(uint64 n) { return (n + 7) & -8; }
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, SpaceAllocated_and_Used) {
   ArenaOptions options;
   options.start_block_size = 256;
   options.max_block_size = 8192;
   Arena arena_1(options);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, arena_1.SpaceAllocated());
   EXPECT_EQ(0, arena_1.SpaceUsed());
   EXPECT_EQ(0, arena_1.Reset());
   ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateArray<char>(&arena_1, 320);
   // Arena will allocate slightly more than 320 for the block headers.
-  EXPECT_LE(320, arena_1.SpaceUsed());
+  EXPECT_LE(320, arena_1.SpaceAllocated());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Align8(320), arena_1.SpaceUsed());
   EXPECT_LE(320, arena_1.Reset());
 
   // Test with initial block.
@@ -980,20 +1113,25 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, SpaceUsed) {
   options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
   options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
   Arena arena_2(options);
-  EXPECT_EQ(1024, arena_2.SpaceUsed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1024, arena_2.SpaceAllocated());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, arena_2.SpaceUsed());
   EXPECT_EQ(1024, arena_2.Reset());
   ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateArray<char>(&arena_2, 55);
-  EXPECT_EQ(1024, arena_2.SpaceUsed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1024, arena_2.SpaceAllocated());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Align8(55), arena_2.SpaceUsed());
   EXPECT_EQ(1024, arena_2.Reset());
 
   // Reset options to test doubling policy explicitly.
   options.initial_block = NULL;
   options.initial_block_size = 0;
   Arena arena_3(options);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, arena_3.SpaceUsed());
   ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateArray<char>(&arena_3, 190);
-  EXPECT_EQ(256, arena_3.SpaceUsed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(256, arena_3.SpaceAllocated());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Align8(190), arena_3.SpaceUsed());
   ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateArray<char>(&arena_3, 70);
-  EXPECT_EQ(256 + 512, arena_3.SpaceUsed());
+  EXPECT_EQ(256 + 512, arena_3.SpaceAllocated());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Align8(190) + Align8(70), arena_3.SpaceUsed());
   EXPECT_EQ(256 + 512, arena_3.Reset());
 }
 
@@ -1005,5 +1143,105 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, Alignment) {
   }
 }
 
+TEST(ArenaTest, GetArenaShouldReturnTheArenaForArenaAllocatedMessages) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena arena;
+  ArenaMessage* message = Arena::CreateMessage<ArenaMessage>(&arena);
+  const ArenaMessage* const_pointer_to_message = message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena, Arena::GetArena(message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&arena, Arena::GetArena(const_pointer_to_message));
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, GetArenaShouldReturnNullForNonArenaAllocatedMessages) {
+  ArenaMessage message;
+  const ArenaMessage* const_pointer_to_message = &message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, Arena::GetArena(&message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL, Arena::GetArena(const_pointer_to_message));
+}
+
+TEST(ArenaTest, UnsafeSetAllocatedOnArena) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message->has_optional_string());
+
+  string owned_string = "test with long enough content to heap-allocate";
+  message->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_optional_string(&owned_string);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message->has_optional_string());
+
+  message->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_optional_string(NULL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message->has_optional_string());
+}
+
+// A helper utility class to only contain static hook functions, some
+// counters to be used to verify the counters have been called and a cookie
+// value to be verified.
+class ArenaHooksTestUtil {
+ public:
+  static void* on_init(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
+    ++num_init;
+    int* cookie = new int(kCookieValue);
+    return static_cast<void*>(cookie);
+  }
+
+  static void on_allocation(const std::type_info* /*unused*/, uint64 alloc_size,
+                            void* cookie) {
+    ++num_allocations;
+    int cookie_value = *static_cast<int*>(cookie);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kCookieValue, cookie_value);
+  }
+
+  static void on_reset(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena, void* cookie,
+                       uint64 space_used) {
+    ++num_reset;
+    int cookie_value = *static_cast<int*>(cookie);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kCookieValue, cookie_value);
+  }
+
+  static void on_destruction(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena, void* cookie,
+                             uint64 space_used) {
+    ++num_destruct;
+    int cookie_value = *static_cast<int*>(cookie);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kCookieValue, cookie_value);
+    delete static_cast<int*>(cookie);
+  }
+
+  static const int kCookieValue = 999;
+  static uint32 num_init;
+  static uint32 num_allocations;
+  static uint32 num_reset;
+  static uint32 num_destruct;
+};
+uint32 ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_init = 0;
+uint32 ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_allocations = 0;
+uint32 ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_reset = 0;
+uint32 ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_destruct = 0;
+const int ArenaHooksTestUtil::kCookieValue;
+
+// Test the hooks are correctly called and that the cookie is passed.
+TEST(ArenaTest, ArenaHooksSanity) {
+  ::google::protobuf::ArenaOptions options;
+  options.on_arena_init = ArenaHooksTestUtil::on_init;
+  options.on_arena_allocation = ArenaHooksTestUtil::on_allocation;
+  options.on_arena_reset = ArenaHooksTestUtil::on_reset;
+  options.on_arena_destruction = ArenaHooksTestUtil::on_destruction;
+
+  // Scope for defining the arena
+  {
+    ::google::protobuf::Arena arena(options);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_init);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_allocations);
+    ::google::protobuf::Arena::Create<uint64>(&arena);
+    if (::google::protobuf::internal::has_trivial_destructor<uint64>::value) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(1, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_allocations);
+    } else {
+      EXPECT_EQ(2, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_allocations);
+    }
+    arena.Reset();
+    arena.Reset();
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_reset);
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_reset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_destruct);
+}
+
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h
index 321a8ccd..b989f151 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h
@@ -79,6 +79,37 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGenerator {
                         GeneratorContext* generator_context,
                         string* error) const = 0;
 
+  // Generates code for all given proto files, generating one or more files in
+  // the given output directory.
+  //
+  // This method should be called instead of |Generate()| when
+  // |HasGenerateAll()| returns |true|. It is used to emulate legacy semantics
+  // when more than one `.proto` file is specified on one compiler invocation.
+  //
+  // WARNING: Please do not use unless legacy semantics force the code generator
+  // to produce a single output file for all input files, or otherwise require
+  // an examination of all input files first. The canonical code generator
+  // design produces one output file per input .proto file, and we do not wish
+  // to encourage alternate designs.
+  //
+  // A parameter is given as passed on the command line, as in |Generate()|
+  // above.
+  //
+  // Returns true if successful.  Otherwise, sets *error to a description of
+  // the problem (e.g. "invalid parameter") and returns false.
+  virtual bool GenerateAll(const vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+                           const string& parameter,
+                           GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+                           string* error) const {
+    *error = "Unimplemented GenerateAll() method.";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if the code generator expects to receive all FileDescriptors
+  // at once (via |GenerateAll()|), rather than one at a time (via
+  // |Generate()|). This is required to implement legacy semantics.
+  virtual bool HasGenerateAll() const { return false; }
+
  private:
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CodeGenerator);
 };
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc
index 13250702..e8871861 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc
@@ -48,12 +48,15 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <ctype.h>
 
-#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
 #include <memory>
 #ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
+#endif
+
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/importer.h>
@@ -152,7 +155,7 @@ bool VerifyDirectoryExists(const string& path) {
   if (path.empty()) return true;
 
   if (access(path.c_str(), F_OK) == -1) {
-    cerr << path << ": " << strerror(errno) << endl;
+    std::cerr << path << ": " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
     return false;
   } else {
     return true;
@@ -171,8 +174,8 @@ bool TryCreateParentDirectory(const string& prefix, const string& filename) {
     path_so_far += parts[i];
     if (mkdir(path_so_far.c_str(), 0777) != 0) {
       if (errno != EEXIST) {
-        cerr << filename << ": while trying to create directory "
-             << path_so_far << ": " << strerror(errno) << endl;
+        std::cerr << filename << ": while trying to create directory "
+                  << path_so_far << ": " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
         return false;
       }
     }
@@ -182,6 +185,78 @@ bool TryCreateParentDirectory(const string& prefix, const string& filename) {
   return true;
 }
 
+// Get the absolute path of this protoc binary.
+bool GetProtocAbsolutePath(string* path) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  char buffer[MAX_PATH];
+  int len = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, buffer, MAX_PATH);
+#elif __APPLE__
+  char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+  int len = 0;
+
+  char dirtybuffer[PATH_MAX];
+  uint32_t size = sizeof(dirtybuffer);
+  if (_NSGetExecutablePath(dirtybuffer, &size) == 0) {
+    realpath(dirtybuffer, buffer);
+    len = strlen(buffer);
+  }
+#else
+  char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+  int len = readlink("/proc/self/exe", buffer, PATH_MAX);
+#endif
+  if (len > 0) {
+    path->assign(buffer, len);
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// Whether a path is where google/protobuf/descriptor.proto and other well-known
+// type protos are installed.
+bool IsInstalledProtoPath(const string& path) {
+  // Checking the descriptor.proto file should be good enough.
+  string file_path = path + "/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
+  return access(file_path.c_str(), F_OK) != -1;
+}
+
+// Add the paths where google/protobuf/descritor.proto and other well-known
+// type protos are installed.
+void AddDefaultProtoPaths(vector<pair<string, string> >* paths) {
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): The code currently only checks relative paths of where
+  // the protoc binary is installed. We probably should make it handle more
+  // cases than that.
+  string path;
+  if (!GetProtocAbsolutePath(&path)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // Strip the binary name.
+  size_t pos = path.find_last_of("/\\");
+  if (pos == string::npos || pos == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  path = path.substr(0, pos);
+  // Check the binary's directory.
+  if (IsInstalledProtoPath(path)) {
+    paths->push_back(pair<string, string>("", path));
+    return;
+  }
+  // Check if there is an include subdirectory.
+  if (IsInstalledProtoPath(path + "/include")) {
+    paths->push_back(pair<string, string>("", path + "/include"));
+    return;
+  }
+  // Check if the upper level directory has an "include" subdirectory.
+  pos = path.find_last_of("/\\");
+  if (pos == string::npos || pos == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  path = path.substr(0, pos);
+  if (IsInstalledProtoPath(path + "/include")) {
+    paths->push_back(pair<string, string>("", path + "/include"));
+    return;
+  }
+}
 }  // namespace
 
 // A MultiFileErrorCollector that prints errors to stderr.
@@ -201,9 +276,9 @@ class CommandLineInterface::ErrorPrinter : public MultiFileErrorCollector,
     if (format_ == CommandLineInterface::ERROR_FORMAT_MSVS &&
         tree_ != NULL &&
         tree_->VirtualFileToDiskFile(filename, &dfile)) {
-      cerr << dfile;
+      std::cerr << dfile;
     } else {
-      cerr << filename;
+      std::cerr << filename;
     }
 
     // Users typically expect 1-based line/column numbers, so we add 1
@@ -212,15 +287,16 @@ class CommandLineInterface::ErrorPrinter : public MultiFileErrorCollector,
       // Allow for both GCC- and Visual-Studio-compatible output.
       switch (format_) {
         case CommandLineInterface::ERROR_FORMAT_GCC:
-          cerr << ":" << (line + 1) << ":" << (column + 1);
+          std::cerr << ":" << (line + 1) << ":" << (column + 1);
           break;
         case CommandLineInterface::ERROR_FORMAT_MSVS:
-          cerr << "(" << (line + 1) << ") : error in column=" << (column + 1);
+          std::cerr << "(" << (line + 1)
+                    << ") : error in column=" << (column + 1);
           break;
       }
     }
 
-    cerr << ": " << message << endl;
+    std::cerr << ": " << message << std::endl;
   }
 
   // implements io::ErrorCollector -----------------------------------
@@ -254,6 +330,9 @@ class CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl : public GeneratorContext {
   // format, unless one has already been written.
   void AddJarManifest();
 
+  // Get name of all output files.
+  void GetOutputFilenames(vector<string>* output_filenames);
+
   // implements GeneratorContext --------------------------------------
   io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* Open(const string& filename);
   io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* OpenForAppend(const string& filename);
@@ -345,7 +424,7 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::WriteAllToDisk(
 
     if (file_descriptor < 0) {
       int error = errno;
-      cerr << filename << ": " << strerror(error);
+      std::cerr << filename << ": " << strerror(error);
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -369,9 +448,9 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::WriteAllToDisk(
 
         if (write_result < 0) {
           int error = errno;
-          cerr << filename << ": write: " << strerror(error);
+          std::cerr << filename << ": write: " << strerror(error);
         } else {
-          cerr << filename << ": write() returned zero?" << endl;
+          std::cerr << filename << ": write() returned zero?" << std::endl;
         }
         return false;
       }
@@ -382,7 +461,7 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::WriteAllToDisk(
 
     if (close(file_descriptor) != 0) {
       int error = errno;
-      cerr << filename << ": close: " << strerror(error);
+      std::cerr << filename << ": close: " << strerror(error);
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -405,7 +484,7 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::WriteAllToZip(
 
   if (file_descriptor < 0) {
     int error = errno;
-    cerr << filename << ": " << strerror(error);
+    std::cerr << filename << ": " << strerror(error);
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -421,11 +500,11 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::WriteAllToZip(
   zip_writer.WriteDirectory();
 
   if (stream.GetErrno() != 0) {
-    cerr << filename << ": " << strerror(stream.GetErrno()) << endl;
+    std::cerr << filename << ": " << strerror(stream.GetErrno()) << std::endl;
   }
 
   if (!stream.Close()) {
-    cerr << filename << ": " << strerror(stream.GetErrno()) << endl;
+    std::cerr << filename << ": " << strerror(stream.GetErrno()) << std::endl;
   }
 
   return true;
@@ -441,6 +520,14 @@ void CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::AddJarManifest() {
   }
 }
 
+void CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::GetOutputFilenames(
+    vector<string>* output_filenames) {
+  for (map<string, string*>::iterator iter = files_.begin();
+       iter != files_.end(); ++iter) {
+    output_filenames->push_back(iter->first);
+  }
+}
+
 io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* CommandLineInterface::GeneratorContextImpl::Open(
     const string& filename) {
   return new MemoryOutputStream(this, filename, false);
@@ -490,7 +577,8 @@ CommandLineInterface::MemoryOutputStream::~MemoryOutputStream() {
       if (append_mode_) {
         (*map_slot)->append(data_);
       } else {
-        cerr << filename_ << ": Tried to write the same file twice." << endl;
+        std::cerr << filename_ << ": Tried to write the same file twice."
+                  << std::endl;
         directory_->had_error_ = true;
       }
       return;
@@ -508,8 +596,9 @@ CommandLineInterface::MemoryOutputStream::~MemoryOutputStream() {
 
     // Find the file we are going to insert into.
     if (*map_slot == NULL) {
-      cerr << filename_ << ": Tried to insert into file that doesn't exist."
-           << endl;
+      std::cerr << filename_
+                << ": Tried to insert into file that doesn't exist."
+                << std::endl;
       directory_->had_error_ = true;
       return;
     }
@@ -521,8 +610,8 @@ CommandLineInterface::MemoryOutputStream::~MemoryOutputStream() {
     string::size_type pos = target->find(magic_string);
 
     if (pos == string::npos) {
-      cerr << filename_ << ": insertion point \"" << insertion_point_
-           << "\" not found." << endl;
+      std::cerr << filename_ << ": insertion point \"" << insertion_point_
+                << "\" not found." << std::endl;
       directory_->had_error_ = true;
       return;
     }
@@ -631,6 +720,8 @@ int CommandLineInterface::Run(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
       break;
   }
 
+  AddDefaultProtoPaths(&proto_path_);
+
   // Set up the source tree.
   DiskSourceTree source_tree;
   for (int i = 0; i < proto_path_.size(); i++) {
@@ -670,7 +761,6 @@ int CommandLineInterface::Run(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
   // We construct a separate GeneratorContext for each output location.  Note
   // that two code generators may output to the same location, in which case
   // they should share a single GeneratorContext so that OpenForInsert() works.
-  typedef hash_map<string, GeneratorContextImpl*> GeneratorContextMap;
   GeneratorContextMap output_directories;
 
   // Generate output.
@@ -717,6 +807,13 @@ int CommandLineInterface::Run(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
     }
   }
 
+  if (!dependency_out_name_.empty()) {
+    if (!GenerateDependencyManifestFile(parsed_files, output_directories,
+                                        &source_tree)) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
   STLDeleteValues(&output_directories);
 
   if (!descriptor_set_name_.empty()) {
@@ -775,6 +872,7 @@ void CommandLineInterface::Clear() {
   output_directives_.clear();
   codec_type_.clear();
   descriptor_set_name_.clear();
+  dependency_out_name_.clear();
 
   mode_ = MODE_COMPILE;
   print_mode_ = PRINT_NONE;
@@ -793,27 +891,31 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::MakeInputsBeProtoPathRelative(
         input_files_[i] = virtual_file;
         break;
       case DiskSourceTree::SHADOWED:
-        cerr << input_files_[i] << ": Input is shadowed in the --proto_path "
-                "by \"" << shadowing_disk_file << "\".  Either use the latter "
-                "file as your input or reorder the --proto_path so that the "
-                "former file's location comes first." << endl;
+        std::cerr << input_files_[i]
+                  << ": Input is shadowed in the --proto_path by \""
+                  << shadowing_disk_file
+                  << "\".  Either use the latter file as your input or reorder "
+                     "the --proto_path so that the former file's location "
+                     "comes first." << std::endl;
         return false;
       case DiskSourceTree::CANNOT_OPEN:
-        cerr << input_files_[i] << ": " << strerror(errno) << endl;
+        std::cerr << input_files_[i] << ": " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
         return false;
       case DiskSourceTree::NO_MAPPING:
         // First check if the file exists at all.
         if (access(input_files_[i].c_str(), F_OK) < 0) {
           // File does not even exist.
-          cerr << input_files_[i] << ": " << strerror(ENOENT) << endl;
+          std::cerr << input_files_[i] << ": " << strerror(ENOENT) << std::endl;
         } else {
-          cerr << input_files_[i] << ": File does not reside within any path "
-                  "specified using --proto_path (or -I).  You must specify a "
-                  "--proto_path which encompasses this file.  Note that the "
-                  "proto_path must be an exact prefix of the .proto file "
-                  "names -- protoc is too dumb to figure out when two paths "
-                  "(e.g. absolute and relative) are equivalent (it's harder "
-                  "than you think)." << endl;
+          std::cerr
+              << input_files_[i]
+              << ": File does not reside within any path "
+                 "specified using --proto_path (or -I).  You must specify a "
+                 "--proto_path which encompasses this file.  Note that the "
+                 "proto_path must be an exact prefix of the .proto file "
+                 "names -- protoc is too dumb to figure out when two paths "
+                 "(e.g. absolute and relative) are equivalent (it's harder "
+                 "than you think)." << std::endl;
         }
         return false;
     }
@@ -833,9 +935,10 @@ CommandLineInterface::ParseArguments(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
     if (ParseArgument(argv[i], &name, &value)) {
       // Returned true => Use the next argument as the flag value.
       if (i + 1 == argc || argv[i+1][0] == '-') {
-        cerr << "Missing value for flag: " << name << endl;
+        std::cerr << "Missing value for flag: " << name << std::endl;
         if (name == "--decode") {
-          cerr << "To decode an unknown message, use --decode_raw." << endl;
+          std::cerr << "To decode an unknown message, use --decode_raw."
+                    << std::endl;
         }
         return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
       } else {
@@ -860,24 +963,36 @@ CommandLineInterface::ParseArguments(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
   // Check some errror cases.
   bool decoding_raw = (mode_ == MODE_DECODE) && codec_type_.empty();
   if (decoding_raw && !input_files_.empty()) {
-    cerr << "When using --decode_raw, no input files should be given." << endl;
+    std::cerr << "When using --decode_raw, no input files should be given."
+              << std::endl;
     return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
   } else if (!decoding_raw && input_files_.empty()) {
-    cerr << "Missing input file." << endl;
+    std::cerr << "Missing input file." << std::endl;
     return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
   }
   if (mode_ == MODE_COMPILE && output_directives_.empty() &&
       descriptor_set_name_.empty()) {
-    cerr << "Missing output directives." << endl;
+    std::cerr << "Missing output directives." << std::endl;
+    return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+  }
+  if (mode_ != MODE_COMPILE && !dependency_out_name_.empty()) {
+    std::cerr << "Can only use --dependency_out=FILE when generating code."
+              << std::endl;
+    return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+  }
+  if (!dependency_out_name_.empty() && input_files_.size() > 1) {
+    std::cerr
+        << "Can only process one input file when using --dependency_out=FILE."
+        << std::endl;
     return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
   }
   if (imports_in_descriptor_set_ && descriptor_set_name_.empty()) {
-    cerr << "--include_imports only makes sense when combined with "
-            "--descriptor_set_out." << endl;
+    std::cerr << "--include_imports only makes sense when combined with "
+                 "--descriptor_set_out." << std::endl;
   }
   if (source_info_in_descriptor_set_ && descriptor_set_name_.empty()) {
-    cerr << "--include_source_info only makes sense when combined with "
-            "--descriptor_set_out." << endl;
+    std::cerr << "--include_source_info only makes sense when combined with "
+                 "--descriptor_set_out." << std::endl;
   }
 
   return PARSE_ARGUMENT_DONE_AND_CONTINUE;
@@ -950,10 +1065,12 @@ CommandLineInterface::InterpretArgument(const string& name,
   if (name.empty()) {
     // Not a flag.  Just a filename.
     if (value.empty()) {
-      cerr << "You seem to have passed an empty string as one of the "
-              "arguments to " << executable_name_ << ".  This is actually "
-              "sort of hard to do.  Congrats.  Unfortunately it is not valid "
-              "input so the program is going to die now." << endl;
+      std::cerr
+          << "You seem to have passed an empty string as one of the "
+             "arguments to " << executable_name_
+          << ".  This is actually "
+             "sort of hard to do.  Congrats.  Unfortunately it is not valid "
+             "input so the program is going to die now." << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -980,14 +1097,16 @@ CommandLineInterface::InterpretArgument(const string& name,
       }
 
       if (disk_path.empty()) {
-        cerr << "--proto_path passed empty directory name.  (Use \".\" for "
-                "current directory.)" << endl;
+        std::cerr
+            << "--proto_path passed empty directory name.  (Use \".\" for "
+               "current directory.)" << std::endl;
         return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
       }
 
       // Make sure disk path exists, warn otherwise.
       if (access(disk_path.c_str(), F_OK) < 0) {
-        cerr << disk_path << ": warning: directory does not exist." << endl;
+        std::cerr << disk_path << ": warning: directory does not exist."
+                  << std::endl;
       }
 
       // Don't use make_pair as the old/default standard library on Solaris
@@ -998,30 +1117,42 @@ CommandLineInterface::InterpretArgument(const string& name,
 
   } else if (name == "-o" || name == "--descriptor_set_out") {
     if (!descriptor_set_name_.empty()) {
-      cerr << name << " may only be passed once." << endl;
+      std::cerr << name << " may only be passed once." << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
     if (value.empty()) {
-      cerr << name << " requires a non-empty value." << endl;
+      std::cerr << name << " requires a non-empty value." << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
     if (mode_ != MODE_COMPILE) {
-      cerr << "Cannot use --encode or --decode and generate descriptors at the "
-              "same time." << endl;
+      std::cerr
+          << "Cannot use --encode or --decode and generate descriptors at the "
+             "same time." << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
     descriptor_set_name_ = value;
 
+  } else if (name == "--dependency_out") {
+    if (!dependency_out_name_.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << name << " may only be passed once." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    if (value.empty()) {
+      std::cerr << name << " requires a non-empty value." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+    dependency_out_name_ = value;
+
   } else if (name == "--include_imports") {
     if (imports_in_descriptor_set_) {
-      cerr << name << " may only be passed once." << endl;
+      std::cerr << name << " may only be passed once." << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
     imports_in_descriptor_set_ = true;
 
   } else if (name == "--include_source_info") {
     if (source_info_in_descriptor_set_) {
-      cerr << name << " may only be passed once." << endl;
+      std::cerr << name << " may only be passed once." << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
     source_info_in_descriptor_set_ = true;
@@ -1032,7 +1163,7 @@ CommandLineInterface::InterpretArgument(const string& name,
 
   } else if (name == "--version") {
     if (!version_info_.empty()) {
-      cout << version_info_ << endl;
+      std::cout << version_info_ << std::endl;
     }
     cout << "libprotoc "
          << protobuf::internal::VersionString(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION)
@@ -1045,25 +1176,28 @@ CommandLineInterface::InterpretArgument(const string& name,
   } else if (name == "--encode" || name == "--decode" ||
              name == "--decode_raw") {
     if (mode_ != MODE_COMPILE) {
-      cerr << "Only one of --encode and --decode can be specified." << endl;
+      std::cerr << "Only one of --encode and --decode can be specified."
+                << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
     if (!output_directives_.empty() || !descriptor_set_name_.empty()) {
-      cerr << "Cannot use " << name
-           << " and generate code or descriptors at the same time." << endl;
+      std::cerr << "Cannot use " << name
+                << " and generate code or descriptors at the same time."
+                << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
 
     mode_ = (name == "--encode") ? MODE_ENCODE : MODE_DECODE;
 
     if (value.empty() && name != "--decode_raw") {
-      cerr << "Type name for " << name << " cannot be blank." << endl;
+      std::cerr << "Type name for " << name << " cannot be blank." << std::endl;
       if (name == "--decode") {
-        cerr << "To decode an unknown message, use --decode_raw." << endl;
+        std::cerr << "To decode an unknown message, use --decode_raw."
+                  << std::endl;
       }
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     } else if (!value.empty() && name == "--decode_raw") {
-      cerr << "--decode_raw does not take a parameter." << endl;
+      std::cerr << "--decode_raw does not take a parameter." << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -1075,13 +1209,13 @@ CommandLineInterface::InterpretArgument(const string& name,
     } else if (value == "msvs") {
       error_format_ = ERROR_FORMAT_MSVS;
     } else {
-      cerr << "Unknown error format: " << value << endl;
+      std::cerr << "Unknown error format: " << value << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
 
   } else if (name == "--plugin") {
     if (plugin_prefix_.empty()) {
-      cerr << "This compiler does not support plugins." << endl;
+      std::cerr << "This compiler does not support plugins." << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
 
@@ -1107,13 +1241,15 @@ CommandLineInterface::InterpretArgument(const string& name,
 
   } else if (name == "--print_free_field_numbers") {
     if (mode_ != MODE_COMPILE) {
-      cerr << "Cannot use " << name << " and use --encode, --decode or print "
-           << "other info at the same time." << endl;
+      std::cerr << "Cannot use " << name
+                << " and use --encode, --decode or print "
+                << "other info at the same time." << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
     if (!output_directives_.empty() || !descriptor_set_name_.empty()) {
-      cerr << "Cannot use " << name
-           << " and generate code or descriptors at the same time." << endl;
+      std::cerr << "Cannot use " << name
+                << " and generate code or descriptors at the same time."
+                << std::endl;
       return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
     }
     mode_ = MODE_PRINT;
@@ -1127,7 +1263,7 @@ CommandLineInterface::InterpretArgument(const string& name,
       // Check if it's a generator option flag.
       generator_info = FindOrNull(generators_by_option_name_, name);
       if (generator_info == NULL) {
-        cerr << "Unknown flag: " << name << endl;
+        std::cerr << "Unknown flag: " << name << std::endl;
         return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
       } else {
         string* parameters = &generator_parameters_[generator_info->flag_name];
@@ -1139,8 +1275,8 @@ CommandLineInterface::InterpretArgument(const string& name,
     } else {
       // It's an output flag.  Add it to the output directives.
       if (mode_ != MODE_COMPILE) {
-        cerr << "Cannot use --encode, --decode or print .proto info and "
-                "generate code at the same time." << endl;
+        std::cerr << "Cannot use --encode, --decode or print .proto info and "
+                     "generate code at the same time." << std::endl;
         return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
       }
 
@@ -1172,7 +1308,7 @@ CommandLineInterface::InterpretArgument(const string& name,
 
 void CommandLineInterface::PrintHelpText() {
   // Sorry for indentation here; line wrapping would be uglier.
-  cerr <<
+  std::cerr <<
 "Usage: " << executable_name_ << " [OPTION] PROTO_FILES\n"
 "Parse PROTO_FILES and generate output based on the options given:\n"
 "  -IPATH, --proto_path=PATH   Specify the directory in which to search for\n"
@@ -1206,6 +1342,9 @@ void CommandLineInterface::PrintHelpText() {
 "                              include information about the original\n"
 "                              location of each decl in the source file as\n"
 "                              well as surrounding comments.\n"
+"  --dependency_out=FILE       Write a dependency output file in the format\n"
+"                              expected by make. This writes the transitive\n"
+"                              set of input file paths to FILE\n"
 "  --error_format=FORMAT       Set the format in which to print errors.\n"
 "                              FORMAT may be 'gcc' (the default) or 'msvs'\n"
 "                              (Microsoft Visual Studio format).\n"
@@ -1213,9 +1352,10 @@ void CommandLineInterface::PrintHelpText() {
 "                              defined in the given proto files. Groups share\n"
 "                              the same field number space with the parent \n"
 "                              message. Extension ranges are counted as \n"
-"                              occupied fields numbers."  << endl;
+"                              occupied fields numbers."
+      << std::endl;
   if (!plugin_prefix_.empty()) {
-    cerr <<
+    std::cerr <<
 "  --plugin=EXECUTABLE         Specifies a plugin executable to use.\n"
 "                              Normally, protoc searches the PATH for\n"
 "                              plugins, but you may specify additional\n"
@@ -1223,7 +1363,7 @@ void CommandLineInterface::PrintHelpText() {
 "                              Additionally, EXECUTABLE may be of the form\n"
 "                              NAME=PATH, in which case the given plugin name\n"
 "                              is mapped to the given executable even if\n"
-"                              the executable's own name differs." << endl;
+"                              the executable's own name differs." << std::endl;
   }
 
   for (GeneratorMap::iterator iter = generators_by_flag_name_.begin();
@@ -1231,9 +1371,9 @@ void CommandLineInterface::PrintHelpText() {
     // FIXME(kenton):  If the text is long enough it will wrap, which is ugly,
     //   but fixing this nicely (e.g. splitting on spaces) is probably more
     //   trouble than it's worth.
-    cerr << "  " << iter->first << "=OUT_DIR "
-         << string(19 - iter->first.size(), ' ')  // Spaces for alignment.
-         << iter->second.help_text << endl;
+    std::cerr << "  " << iter->first << "=OUT_DIR "
+              << string(19 - iter->first.size(), ' ')  // Spaces for alignment.
+              << iter->second.help_text << std::endl;
   }
 }
 
@@ -1256,7 +1396,7 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::GenerateOutput(
     if (!GeneratePluginOutput(parsed_files, plugin_name,
                               output_directive.parameter,
                               generator_context, &error)) {
-      cerr << output_directive.name << ": " << error << endl;
+      std::cerr << output_directive.name << ": " << error << std::endl;
       return false;
     }
   } else {
@@ -1268,14 +1408,95 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::GenerateOutput(
       }
       parameters.append(generator_parameters_[output_directive.name]);
     }
-    for (int i = 0; i < parsed_files.size(); i++) {
-      if (!output_directive.generator->Generate(parsed_files[i], parameters,
-                                                generator_context, &error)) {
-        // Generator returned an error.
-        cerr << output_directive.name << ": " << parsed_files[i]->name() << ": "
-             << error << endl;
-        return false;
+    if (output_directive.generator->HasGenerateAll()) {
+      if (!output_directive.generator->GenerateAll(
+          parsed_files, parameters, generator_context, &error)) {
+          // Generator returned an error.
+          std::cerr << output_directive.name << ": "
+                    << ": " << error << std::endl;
+          return false;
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < parsed_files.size(); i++) {
+        if (!output_directive.generator->Generate(parsed_files[i], parameters,
+                                                  generator_context, &error)) {
+          // Generator returned an error.
+          std::cerr << output_directive.name << ": " << parsed_files[i]->name()
+                    << ": " << error << std::endl;
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool CommandLineInterface::GenerateDependencyManifestFile(
+    const vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files,
+    const GeneratorContextMap& output_directories,
+    DiskSourceTree* source_tree) {
+  FileDescriptorSet file_set;
+
+  set<const FileDescriptor*> already_seen;
+  for (int i = 0; i < parsed_files.size(); i++) {
+    GetTransitiveDependencies(parsed_files[i],
+                              false,
+                              &already_seen,
+                              file_set.mutable_file());
+  }
+
+  vector<string> output_filenames;
+  for (GeneratorContextMap::const_iterator iter = output_directories.begin();
+       iter != output_directories.end(); ++iter) {
+    const string& location = iter->first;
+    GeneratorContextImpl* directory = iter->second;
+    vector<string> relative_output_filenames;
+    directory->GetOutputFilenames(&relative_output_filenames);
+    for (int i = 0; i < relative_output_filenames.size(); i++) {
+      string output_filename = location + relative_output_filenames[i];
+      if (output_filename.compare(0, 2, "./") == 0) {
+        output_filename = output_filename.substr(2);
       }
+      output_filenames.push_back(output_filename);
+    }
+  }
+
+  int fd;
+  do {
+    fd = open(dependency_out_name_.c_str(),
+              O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY, 0666);
+  } while (fd < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+  if (fd < 0) {
+    perror(dependency_out_name_.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  io::FileOutputStream out(fd);
+  io::Printer printer(&out, '$');
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < output_filenames.size(); i++) {
+    printer.Print(output_filenames[i].c_str());
+    if (i == output_filenames.size() - 1) {
+      printer.Print(":");
+    } else {
+      printer.Print(" \\\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_set.file_size(); i++) {
+    const FileDescriptorProto& file = file_set.file(i);
+    const string& virtual_file = file.name();
+    string disk_file;
+    if (source_tree &&
+        source_tree->VirtualFileToDiskFile(virtual_file, &disk_file)) {
+      printer.Print(" $disk_file$", "disk_file", disk_file);
+      if (i < file_set.file_size() - 1) printer.Print("\\\n");
+    } else {
+      std::cerr << "Unable to identify path for file " << virtual_file
+                << std::endl;
+      return false;
     }
   }
 
@@ -1365,7 +1586,7 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::EncodeOrDecode(const DescriptorPool* pool) {
   // Look up the type.
   const Descriptor* type = pool->FindMessageTypeByName(codec_type_);
   if (type == NULL) {
-    cerr << "Type not defined: " << codec_type_ << endl;
+    std::cerr << "Type not defined: " << codec_type_ << std::endl;
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1391,32 +1612,32 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::EncodeOrDecode(const DescriptorPool* pool) {
     parser.AllowPartialMessage(true);
 
     if (!parser.Parse(&in, message.get())) {
-      cerr << "Failed to parse input." << endl;
+      std::cerr << "Failed to parse input." << std::endl;
       return false;
     }
   } else {
     // Input is binary.
     if (!message->ParsePartialFromZeroCopyStream(&in)) {
-      cerr << "Failed to parse input." << endl;
+      std::cerr << "Failed to parse input." << std::endl;
       return false;
     }
   }
 
   if (!message->IsInitialized()) {
-    cerr << "warning:  Input message is missing required fields:  "
-         << message->InitializationErrorString() << endl;
+    std::cerr << "warning:  Input message is missing required fields:  "
+              << message->InitializationErrorString() << std::endl;
   }
 
   if (mode_ == MODE_ENCODE) {
     // Output is binary.
     if (!message->SerializePartialToZeroCopyStream(&out)) {
-      cerr << "output: I/O error." << endl;
+      std::cerr << "output: I/O error." << std::endl;
       return false;
     }
   } else {
     // Output is text.
     if (!TextFormat::Print(*message, &out)) {
-      cerr << "output: I/O error." << endl;
+      std::cerr << "output: I/O error." << std::endl;
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -1458,12 +1679,14 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::WriteDescriptorSet(
 
   io::FileOutputStream out(fd);
   if (!file_set.SerializeToZeroCopyStream(&out)) {
-    cerr << descriptor_set_name_ << ": " << strerror(out.GetErrno()) << endl;
+    std::cerr << descriptor_set_name_ << ": " << strerror(out.GetErrno())
+              << std::endl;
     out.Close();
     return false;
   }
   if (!out.Close()) {
-    cerr << descriptor_set_name_ << ": " << strerror(out.GetErrno()) << endl;
+    std::cerr << descriptor_set_name_ << ": " << strerror(out.GetErrno())
+              << std::endl;
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1542,6 +1765,10 @@ void GatherOccupiedFieldRanges(const Descriptor* descriptor,
     ranges->insert(FieldRange(descriptor->extension_range(i)->start,
                               descriptor->extension_range(i)->end));
   }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->reserved_range_count(); ++i) {
+    ranges->insert(FieldRange(descriptor->reserved_range(i)->start,
+                              descriptor->reserved_range(i)->end));
+  }
   // Handle the nested messages/groups in declaration order to make it
   // post-order strict.
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
@@ -1582,7 +1809,7 @@ void FormatFreeFieldNumbers(const string& name,
   if (next_free_number <= FieldDescriptor::kMaxNumber) {
     StringAppendF(&output, " %d-INF", next_free_number);
   }
-  cout << output << endl;
+  std::cout << output << std::endl;
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h
index 74a0adb4..7e611c44 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_COMMAND_LINE_INTERFACE_H__
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include <map>
@@ -190,6 +191,7 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CommandLineInterface {
   class ErrorPrinter;
   class GeneratorContextImpl;
   class MemoryOutputStream;
+  typedef hash_map<string, GeneratorContextImpl*> GeneratorContextMap;
 
   // Clear state from previous Run().
   void Clear();
@@ -247,6 +249,12 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CommandLineInterface {
   // Implements the --descriptor_set_out option.
   bool WriteDescriptorSet(const vector<const FileDescriptor*> parsed_files);
 
+  // Implements the --dependency_out option
+  bool GenerateDependencyManifestFile(
+      const vector<const FileDescriptor*>& parsed_files,
+      const GeneratorContextMap& output_directories,
+      DiskSourceTree* source_tree);
+
   // Get all transitive dependencies of the given file (including the file
   // itself), adding them to the given list of FileDescriptorProtos.  The
   // protos will be ordered such that every file is listed before any file that
@@ -353,6 +361,10 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CommandLineInterface {
   // FileDescriptorSet should be written.  Otherwise, empty.
   string descriptor_set_name_;
 
+  // If --dependency_out was given, this is the path to the file where the
+  // dependency file will be written. Otherwise, empty.
+  string dependency_out_name_;
+
   // True if --include_imports was given, meaning that we should
   // write all transitive dependencies to the DescriptorSet.  Otherwise, only
   // the .proto files listed on the command-line are added.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc
index dbaaa405..e5b77c33 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 
+// Disable the whole test when we use tcmalloc for "draconian" heap checks, in
+// which case tcmalloc will print warnings that fail the plugin tests.
+#if !GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HEAP_CHECK_DRACONIAN
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
 namespace compiler {
@@ -112,6 +115,16 @@ class CommandLineInterfaceTest : public testing::Test {
   // Create a subdirectory within temp_directory_.
   void CreateTempDir(const string& name);
 
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_OPENSOURCE
+  // Change working directory to temp directory.
+  void SwitchToTempDirectory() {
+    File::ChangeWorkingDirectory(temp_directory_);
+  }
+#else  // !PROTOBUF_OPENSOURCE
+  // TODO(teboring): Figure out how to change and get working directory in
+  // google3.
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_OPENSOURCE
+
   void SetInputsAreProtoPathRelative(bool enable) {
     cli_.SetInputsAreProtoPathRelative(enable);
   }
@@ -176,6 +189,9 @@ class CommandLineInterfaceTest : public testing::Test {
   void ReadDescriptorSet(const string& filename,
                          FileDescriptorSet* descriptor_set);
 
+  void ExpectFileContent(const string& filename,
+                         const string& content);
+
  private:
   // The object we are testing.
   CommandLineInterface cli_;
@@ -277,6 +293,7 @@ void CommandLineInterfaceTest::Run(const string& command) {
 
   if (!disallow_plugins_) {
     cli_.AllowPlugins("prefix-");
+#ifndef GOOGLE_THIRD_PARTY_PROTOBUF
     const char* possible_paths[] = {
       // When building with shared libraries, libtool hides the real executable
       // in .libs and puts a fake wrapper in the current directory.
@@ -305,6 +322,11 @@ void CommandLineInterfaceTest::Run(const string& command) {
     }
 
     if (plugin_path.empty()) {
+#else
+    string plugin_path = "third_party/protobuf/test_plugin";
+
+    if (access(plugin_path.c_str(), F_OK) != 0) {
+#endif  // GOOGLE_THIRD_PARTY_PROTOBUF
       GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR)
           << "Plugin executable not found.  Plugin tests are likely to fail.";
     } else {
@@ -456,6 +478,17 @@ void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectCapturedStdout(
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_text, captured_stdout_);
 }
 
+
+void CommandLineInterfaceTest::ExpectFileContent(
+    const string& filename, const string& content) {
+  string path = temp_directory_ + "/" + filename;
+  string file_contents;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(path, &file_contents, true));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringReplace(content, "$tmpdir", temp_directory_, true),
+            file_contents);
+}
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, BasicOutput) {
@@ -940,6 +973,80 @@ TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WriteTransitiveDescriptorSetWithSourceInfo) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(descriptor_set.file(1).has_source_code_info());
 }
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// TODO(teboring): Figure out how to write test on windows.
+#else
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WriteDependencyManifestFileGivenTwoInputs) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+    "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+    "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+    "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+    "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+    "message Bar {\n"
+    "  optional Foo foo = 1;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --dependency_out=$tmpdir/manifest "
+      "--test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir bar.proto foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "Can only process one input file when using --dependency_out=FILE.\n");
+}
+
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_OPENSOURCE
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WriteDependencyManifestFile) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+    "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+    "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+    "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+    "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+    "message Bar {\n"
+    "  optional Foo foo = 1;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  string current_working_directory = getcwd(NULL, 0);
+  SwitchToTempDirectory();
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --dependency_out=manifest --test_out=. "
+      "bar.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+
+  ExpectFileContent("manifest",
+                    "bar.proto.MockCodeGenerator.test_generator: "
+                    "foo.proto\\\n bar.proto");
+
+  File::ChangeWorkingDirectory(current_working_directory);
+}
+#else  // !PROTOBUF_OPENSOURCE
+// TODO(teboring): Figure out how to change and get working directory in
+// google3.
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_OPENSOURCE
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, WriteDependencyManifestFileForAbsolutePath) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+    "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+    "message Foo {}\n");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+    "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+    "import \"foo.proto\";\n"
+    "message Bar {\n"
+    "  optional Foo foo = 1;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --dependency_out=$tmpdir/manifest "
+      "--test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir bar.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+
+  ExpectFileContent("manifest",
+                    "$tmpdir/bar.proto.MockCodeGenerator.test_generator: "
+                    "$tmpdir/foo.proto\\\n $tmpdir/bar.proto");
+}
+#endif  // !_WIN32
+
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, ParseErrors) {
@@ -1662,4 +1769,6 @@ TEST_F(EncodeDecodeTest, ProtoParseError) {
 
 }  // namespace compiler
 }  // namespace protobuf
+
+#endif  // !GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HEAP_CHECK_DRACONIAN
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc
index 48788197..13ed0b64 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc
@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ class MockGeneratorContext : public GeneratorContext {
                           &actual_contents, true));
     EXPECT_TRUE(actual_contents == *expected_contents)
       << physical_filename << " needs to be regenerated.  Please run "
-         "generate_descriptor_proto.sh and add this file "
+         "google/protobuf/compiler/release_compiler.sh and "
+         "generate_descriptor_proto.sh. Then add this file "
          "to your CL.";
   }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc
index 3ce1f120..70d3a600 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ namespace cpp {
 
 namespace {
 // The GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE constant is the max enum value plus 1. If the max enum value
-// is kint32max, GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE will overflow. In such cases we should omit the
+// is ::google::protobuf::kint32max, GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE will overflow. In such cases we should omit the
 // generation of the GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE constant.
 bool ShouldGenerateArraySize(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
   int32 max_value = descriptor->value(0)->number();
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ bool ShouldGenerateArraySize(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
       max_value = descriptor->value(i)->number();
     }
   }
-  return max_value != kint32max;
+  return max_value != ::google::protobuf::kint32max;
 }
 }  // namespace
 
@@ -70,19 +70,30 @@ EnumGenerator::EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor,
 
 EnumGenerator::~EnumGenerator() {}
 
+void EnumGenerator::GenerateForwardDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (!options_.proto_h) {
+    return;
+  }
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["classname"] = classname_;
+  printer->Print(vars, "enum $classname$ : int;\n");
+  printer->Print(vars, "bool $classname$_IsValid(int value);\n");
+}
+
 void EnumGenerator::GenerateDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
   map<string, string> vars;
   vars["classname"] = classname_;
   vars["short_name"] = descriptor_->name();
+  vars["enumbase"] = classname_ + (options_.proto_h ? " : int" : "");
 
-  printer->Print(vars, "enum $classname$ {\n");
+  printer->Print(vars, "enum $enumbase$ {\n");
   printer->Indent();
 
   const EnumValueDescriptor* min_value = descriptor_->value(0);
   const EnumValueDescriptor* max_value = descriptor_->value(0);
 
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
-    vars["name"] = descriptor_->value(i)->name();
+    vars["name"] = EnumValueName(descriptor_->value(i));
     // In C++, an value of -2147483648 gets interpreted as the negative of
     // 2147483648, and since 2147483648 can't fit in an integer, this produces a
     // compiler warning.  This works around that issue.
@@ -113,8 +124,8 @@ void EnumGenerator::GenerateDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
   printer->Outdent();
   printer->Print("\n};\n");
 
-  vars["min_name"] = min_value->name();
-  vars["max_name"] = max_value->name();
+  vars["min_name"] = EnumValueName(min_value);
+  vars["max_name"] = EnumValueName(max_value);
 
   if (options_.dllexport_decl.empty()) {
     vars["dllexport"] = "";
@@ -153,9 +164,12 @@ void EnumGenerator::GenerateDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
 
 void EnumGenerator::
 GenerateGetEnumDescriptorSpecializations(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "template <> struct is_proto_enum< $classname$> : ::google::protobuf::internal::true_type "
+      "{};\n",
+      "classname", ClassName(descriptor_, true));
   if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file())) {
     printer->Print(
-      "template <> struct is_proto_enum< $classname$> : ::google::protobuf::internal::true_type {};\n"
       "template <>\n"
       "inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< $classname$>() {\n"
       "  return $classname$_descriptor();\n"
@@ -171,7 +185,7 @@ void EnumGenerator::GenerateSymbolImports(io::Printer* printer) {
   printer->Print(vars, "typedef $classname$ $nested_name$;\n");
 
   for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->value_count(); j++) {
-    vars["tag"] = descriptor_->value(j)->name();
+    vars["tag"] = EnumValueName(descriptor_->value(j));
     printer->Print(vars,
       "static const $nested_name$ $tag$ = $classname$_$tag$;\n");
   }
@@ -275,7 +289,7 @@ void EnumGenerator::GenerateMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
     vars["parent"] = ClassName(descriptor_->containing_type(), false);
     vars["nested_name"] = descriptor_->name();
     for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
-      vars["value"] = descriptor_->value(i)->name();
+      vars["value"] = EnumValueName(descriptor_->value(i));
       printer->Print(vars,
         "const $classname$ $parent$::$value$;\n");
     }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h
index 1ebd7cf7..3e930856 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.h
@@ -60,6 +60,12 @@ class EnumGenerator {
 
   // Header stuff.
 
+  // Generate header code to forward-declare the enum. This is for use when
+  // generating other .proto.h files. This code should be placed within the
+  // enum's package namespace, but NOT within any class, even for nested
+  // enums.
+  void GenerateForwardDeclaration(io::Printer* printer);
+
   // Generate header code defining the enum.  This code should be placed
   // within the enum's package namespace, but NOT within any class, even for
   // nested enums.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc
index 17926135..965327b1 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc
@@ -76,23 +76,26 @@ GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void EnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline $type$ $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void set_$name$($type$ value)$deprecation$;\n");
+    "$type$ $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void set_$name$($type$ value)$deprecation$;\n");
 }
 
 void EnumFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return static_cast< $type$ >($name$_);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
+    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
   if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
+    printer->Print(variables,
     "  assert($type$_IsValid(value));\n");
   }
-  printer->Print(variables_,
+  printer->Print(variables,
     "  $set_hasbit$\n"
     "  $name$_ = value;\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
@@ -181,21 +184,24 @@ EnumOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
 EnumOneofFieldGenerator::~EnumOneofFieldGenerator() {}
 
 void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
     "    return static_cast< $type$ >($oneof_prefix$$name$_);\n"
     "  }\n"
     "  return static_cast< $type$ >($default$);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
+    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
   if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
+    printer->Print(variables,
     "  assert($type$_IsValid(value));\n");
   }
-  printer->Print(variables_,
+  printer->Print(variables,
     "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
     "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
     "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -236,7 +242,7 @@ void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::
 GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
     "::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int> $name$_;\n");
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()
       && HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->file())) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "mutable int _$name$_cached_byte_size_;\n");
@@ -246,46 +252,49 @@ GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline $type$ $name$(int index) const$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void set_$name$(int index, $type$ value)$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void add_$name$($type$ value)$deprecation$;\n");
+    "$type$ $name$(int index) const$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void set_$name$(int index, $type$ value)$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void add_$name$($type$ value)$deprecation$;\n");
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int>& $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int>* mutable_$name$()$deprecation$;\n");
+    "const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int>& $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
+    "::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int>* mutable_$name$()$deprecation$;\n");
 }
 
 void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline $type$ $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ $type$ $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return static_cast< $type$ >($name$_.Get(index));\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, $type$ value) {\n");
+    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, $type$ value) {\n");
   if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
+    printer->Print(variables,
     "  assert($type$_IsValid(value));\n");
   }
-  printer->Print(variables_,
+  printer->Print(variables,
     "  $name$_.Set(index, value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void $classname$::add_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
+    "$inline$ void $classname$::add_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
   if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
+    printer->Print(variables,
     "  assert($type$_IsValid(value));\n");
   }
-  printer->Print(variables_,
+  printer->Print(variables,
     "  $name$_.Add(value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n");
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int>&\n"
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int>&\n"
     "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_;\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int>*\n"
+    "$inline$ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int>*\n"
     "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return &$name$_;\n"
@@ -343,21 +352,35 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
 void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateMergeFromCodedStreamWithPacking(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  if (!descriptor_->options().packed()) {
-    // We use a non-inlined implementation in this case, since this path will
-    // rarely be executed.
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPackedEnumNoInline(\n"
-      "       input,\n");
+  if (!descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+      // This path is rarely executed, so we use a non-inlined implementation.
     if (HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
       printer->Print(variables_,
-      "       NULL,\n");
+        "DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::"
+                    "WireFormatLite::ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(\n"
+        "       input,\n"
+        "       $number$,\n"
+        "       NULL,\n"
+        "       NULL,\n"
+        "       this->mutable_$name$())));\n");
+    } else if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file())) {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(\n"
+        "       input,\n"
+        "       $number$,\n"
+        "       $type$_IsValid,\n"
+        "       mutable_unknown_fields(),\n"
+        "       this->mutable_$name$())));\n");
     } else {
       printer->Print(variables_,
-      "       &$type$_IsValid,\n");
+        "DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::"
+                     "WireFormatLite::ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(\n"
+        "       input,\n"
+        "       $number$,\n"
+        "       $type$_IsValid,\n"
+        "       &unknown_fields_stream,\n"
+        "       this->mutable_$name$())));\n");
     }
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "       this->mutable_$name$())));\n");
   } else {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "::google::protobuf::uint32 length;\n"
@@ -376,6 +399,16 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStreamWithPacking(io::Printer* printer) const {
       printer->Print(variables_,
       "  if ($type$_IsValid(value)) {\n"
       "    add_$name$(static_cast< $type$ >(value));\n"
+      "  } else {\n");
+      if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file())) {
+        printer->Print(variables_,
+        "    mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint($number$, value);\n");
+      } else {
+        printer->Print(variables_,
+        "    unknown_fields_stream.WriteVarint32(tag);\n"
+        "    unknown_fields_stream.WriteVarint32(value);\n");
+      }
+      printer->Print(
       "  }\n");
     }
     printer->Print(variables_,
@@ -386,7 +419,7 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStreamWithPacking(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
 void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizes(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     // Write the tag and the size.
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "if (this->$name$_size() > 0) {\n"
@@ -399,7 +432,7 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizes(io::Printer* printer) const {
   }
   printer->Print(variables_,
       "for (int i = 0; i < this->$name$_size(); i++) {\n");
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "  ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumNoTag(\n"
       "    this->$name$(i), output);\n");
@@ -413,7 +446,7 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizes(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
 void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     // Write the tag and the size.
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "if (this->$name$_size() > 0) {\n"
@@ -427,7 +460,7 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const {
   }
   printer->Print(variables_,
       "for (int i = 0; i < this->$name$_size(); i++) {\n");
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "  target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumNoTagToArray(\n"
       "    this->$name$(i), target);\n");
@@ -451,7 +484,7 @@ GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "    this->$name$(i));\n"
       "}\n");
 
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "if (data_size > 0) {\n"
       "  total_size += $tag_size$ +\n"
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h
index def2b232..5b1d01ea 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ class EnumFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
   void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
@@ -78,7 +79,8 @@ class EnumOneofFieldGenerator : public EnumFieldGenerator {
   ~EnumOneofFieldGenerator();
 
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
@@ -96,7 +98,8 @@ class RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
   void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h
index c37fe0be..1d7f8233 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h
@@ -82,14 +82,40 @@ class FieldGenerator {
   // implementation is empty.
   virtual void GenerateStaticMembers(io::Printer* /*printer*/) const {}
 
+  // Generate prototypes for accessors that will manipulate imported
+  // messages inline.  These are for .proto.h headers.
+  //
+  // In .proto.h mode, the headers of imports are not #included. However,
+  // functions that manipulate the imported message types need access to
+  // the class definition of the imported message, meaning that the headers
+  // must be #included. To get around this, functions that manipulate
+  // imported message objects are defined as dependent functions in a base
+  // template class. By making them dependent template functions, the
+  // function templates will not be instantiated until they are called, so
+  // we can defer to those translation units to #include the necessary
+  // generated headers.
+  //
+  // See:
+  // http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/class_template#Implicit_instantiation
+  //
+  // Most field types don't need this, so the default implementation is empty.
+  virtual void GenerateDependentAccessorDeclarations(
+      io::Printer* printer) const {}
+
   // Generate prototypes for all of the accessor functions related to this
   // field.  These are placed inside the class definition.
   virtual void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
 
+  // Generate inline definitions of depenent accessor functions for this field.
+  // These are placed inside the header after all class definitions.
+  virtual void GenerateDependentInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {}
+
   // Generate inline definitions of accessor functions for this field.
   // These are placed inside the header after all class definitions.
+  // In non-.proto.h mode, this generates dependent accessor functions as well.
   virtual void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(
-    io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+    io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline) const = 0;
 
   // Generate definitions of accessors that aren't inlined.  These are
   // placed somewhere in the .cc file.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc
index fae4df40..1f0a8205 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc
@@ -94,99 +94,10 @@ FileGenerator::FileGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options)
 FileGenerator::~FileGenerator() {}
 
 void FileGenerator::GenerateHeader(io::Printer* printer) {
-  string filename_identifier = FilenameIdentifier(file_->name());
-
-  // Generate top of header.
-  printer->Print(
-    "// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
-    "// source: $filename$\n"
-    "\n"
-    "#ifndef PROTOBUF_$filename_identifier$__INCLUDED\n"
-    "#define PROTOBUF_$filename_identifier$__INCLUDED\n"
-    "\n"
-    "#include <string>\n"
-    "\n",
-    "filename", file_->name(),
-    "filename_identifier", filename_identifier);
-
-
-  printer->Print(
-    "#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>\n"
-    "\n");
-
-  // Verify the protobuf library header version is compatible with the protoc
-  // version before going any further.
-  printer->Print(
-    "#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < $min_header_version$\n"
-    "#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is\n"
-    "#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update\n"
-    "#error your headers.\n"
-    "#endif\n"
-    "#if $protoc_version$ < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION\n"
-    "#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is\n"
-    "#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please\n"
-    "#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.\n"
-    "#endif\n"
-    "\n",
-    "min_header_version",
-      SimpleItoa(protobuf::internal::kMinHeaderVersionForProtoc),
-    "protoc_version", SimpleItoa(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION));
-
-  // OK, it's now safe to #include other files.
-  printer->Print(
-    "#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>\n"
-    "#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>\n"
-    "#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>\n"
-    "#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>\n");
-  if (file_->message_type_count() > 0) {
-    if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_)) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "#include <google/protobuf/message.h>\n");
-    } else {
-      printer->Print(
-        "#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>\n");
-    }
-  }
-  printer->Print(
-    "#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>\n"
-    "#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>\n");
-  if (HasMapFields(file_)) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "#include <google/protobuf/map.h>\n"
-      "#include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>\n");
-  }
-
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_) && HasEnumDefinitions(file_)) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h>\n");
-  }
-
-  if (HasGenericServices(file_)) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "#include <google/protobuf/service.h>\n");
-  }
-
-  if (UseUnknownFieldSet(file_) && file_->message_type_count() > 0) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>\n");
-  }
-
-
-  set<string> public_import_names;
-  for (int i = 0; i < file_->public_dependency_count(); i++) {
-    public_import_names.insert(file_->public_dependency(i)->name());
-  }
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
-    const string& name = file_->dependency(i)->name();
-    bool public_import = (public_import_names.count(name) != 0);
+  GenerateTopHeaderGuard(printer);
 
-
-    printer->Print(
-      "#include \"$dependency$.pb.h\"$iwyu$\n",
-      "dependency", StripProto(name),
-      "iwyu", (public_import) ? "  // IWYU pragma: export" : "");
-  }
+  GenerateLibraryIncludes(printer);
+  GenerateDependencyIncludes(printer);
 
   printer->Print(
     "// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)\n");
@@ -196,130 +107,44 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateHeader(io::Printer* printer) {
   // Open namespace.
   GenerateNamespaceOpeners(printer);
 
-  // Forward-declare the AddDescriptors, AssignDescriptors, and ShutdownFile
-  // functions, so that we can declare them to be friends of each class.
-  printer->Print(
-    "\n"
-    "// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.\n"
-    "void $dllexport_decl$$adddescriptorsname$();\n",
-    "adddescriptorsname", GlobalAddDescriptorsName(file_->name()),
-    "dllexport_decl",
-    options_.dllexport_decl.empty() ? "" : options_.dllexport_decl + " ");
-
-  printer->Print(
-    // Note that we don't put dllexport_decl on these because they are only
-    // called by the .pb.cc file in which they are defined.
-    "void $assigndescriptorsname$();\n"
-    "void $shutdownfilename$();\n"
-    "\n",
-    "assigndescriptorsname", GlobalAssignDescriptorsName(file_->name()),
-    "shutdownfilename", GlobalShutdownFileName(file_->name()));
-
-  // Generate forward declarations of classes.
-  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
-    message_generators_[i]->GenerateForwardDeclaration(printer);
-  }
+  GenerateGlobalStateFunctionDeclarations(printer);
+  GenerateMessageForwardDeclarations(printer);
 
   printer->Print("\n");
 
-  // Generate enum definitions.
-  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
-    message_generators_[i]->GenerateEnumDefinitions(printer);
-  }
-  for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
-    enum_generators_[i]->GenerateDefinition(printer);
-  }
+  GenerateEnumDefinitions(printer);
 
   printer->Print(kThickSeparator);
   printer->Print("\n");
 
-  // Generate class definitions.
-  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
-    if (i > 0) {
-      printer->Print("\n");
-      printer->Print(kThinSeparator);
-      printer->Print("\n");
-    }
-    message_generators_[i]->GenerateClassDefinition(printer);
-  }
+  GenerateMessageDefinitions(printer);
 
   printer->Print("\n");
   printer->Print(kThickSeparator);
   printer->Print("\n");
 
-  if (HasGenericServices(file_)) {
-    // Generate service definitions.
-    for (int i = 0; i < file_->service_count(); i++) {
-      if (i > 0) {
-        printer->Print("\n");
-        printer->Print(kThinSeparator);
-        printer->Print("\n");
-      }
-      service_generators_[i]->GenerateDeclarations(printer);
-    }
+  GenerateServiceDefinitions(printer);
 
-    printer->Print("\n");
-    printer->Print(kThickSeparator);
-    printer->Print("\n");
-  }
-
-  // Declare extension identifiers.
-  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
-    extension_generators_[i]->GenerateDeclaration(printer);
-  }
+  GenerateExtensionIdentifiers(printer);
 
   printer->Print("\n");
   printer->Print(kThickSeparator);
   printer->Print("\n");
 
-
-  // Generate class inline methods.
-  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
-    if (i > 0) {
-      printer->Print(kThinSeparator);
-      printer->Print("\n");
-    }
-    message_generators_[i]->GenerateInlineMethods(printer);
-  }
-
-  printer->Print(
-    "\n"
-    "// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)\n");
+  GenerateInlineFunctionDefinitions(printer);
 
   // Close up namespace.
   GenerateNamespaceClosers(printer);
 
-  // Emit GetEnumDescriptor specializations into google::protobuf namespace:
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_)) {
-    // The SWIG conditional is to avoid a null-pointer dereference
-    // (bug 1984964) in swig-1.3.21 resulting from the following syntax:
-    //   namespace X { void Y<Z::W>(); }
-    // which appears in GetEnumDescriptor() specializations.
-    printer->Print(
-        "\n"
-        "#ifndef SWIG\n"
-        "namespace google {\nnamespace protobuf {\n"
-        "\n");
-    for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
-      message_generators_[i]->GenerateGetEnumDescriptorSpecializations(printer);
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
-      enum_generators_[i]->GenerateGetEnumDescriptorSpecializations(printer);
-    }
-    printer->Print(
-        "\n"
-        "}  // namespace protobuf\n}  // namespace google\n"
-        "#endif  // SWIG\n");
-  }
+  // We need to specialize some templates in the ::google::protobuf namespace:
+  GenerateProto2NamespaceEnumSpecializations(printer);
 
   printer->Print(
     "\n"
     "// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)\n"
     "\n");
 
-  printer->Print(
-    "#endif  // PROTOBUF_$filename_identifier$__INCLUDED\n",
-    "filename_identifier", filename_identifier);
+  GenerateBottomHeaderGuard(printer);
 }
 
 void FileGenerator::GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer) {
@@ -417,6 +242,12 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer) {
     printer->Print(kThickSeparator);
     printer->Print("\n");
     message_generators_[i]->GenerateClassMethods(printer);
+
+    printer->Print("#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS\n");
+    // Generate class inline methods.
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateInlineMethods(printer,
+                                                  /* is_inline = */ false);
+    printer->Print("#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS\n");
   }
 
   if (HasGenericServices(file_)) {
@@ -603,20 +434,52 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateBuildDescriptors(io::Printer* printer) {
     string file_data;
     file_proto.SerializeToString(&file_data);
 
-    printer->Print(
-      "::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(");
-
-    // Only write 40 bytes per line.
-    static const int kBytesPerLine = 40;
-    for (int i = 0; i < file_data.size(); i += kBytesPerLine) {
-      printer->Print("\n  \"$data$\"",
-                     "data",
-                     EscapeTrigraphs(
-                         CEscape(file_data.substr(i, kBytesPerLine))));
+    // Workaround for MSVC: "Error C1091: compiler limit: string exceeds 65535
+    // bytes in length". Declare a static array of characters rather than use a
+    // string literal.
+    if (file_data.size() > 65535) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "static const char descriptor[] = {\n");
+      printer->Indent();
+
+      // Only write 25 bytes per line.
+      static const int kBytesPerLine = 25;
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_data.size();) {
+          for (int j = 0; j < kBytesPerLine && i < file_data.size(); ++i, ++j) {
+            printer->Print(
+              "$char$, ",
+              "char", SimpleItoa(file_data[i]));
+          }
+          printer->Print(
+            "\n");
+      }
+
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+        "};\n");
+
+      printer->Print(
+        "::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(descriptor, $size$);\n",
+        "size", SimpleItoa(file_data.size()));
+
+    } else {
+
+      printer->Print(
+        "::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(");
+  
+      // Only write 40 bytes per line.
+      static const int kBytesPerLine = 40;
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_data.size(); i += kBytesPerLine) {
+        printer->Print("\n  \"$data$\"",
+                       "data",
+                       EscapeTrigraphs(
+                           CEscape(file_data.substr(i, kBytesPerLine))));
+      }
+      printer->Print(
+          ", $size$);\n",
+        "size", SimpleItoa(file_data.size()));
+  
     }
-    printer->Print(
-        ", $size$);\n",
-      "size", SimpleItoa(file_data.size()));
 
     // Call MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile().
     printer->Print(
@@ -685,6 +548,294 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateNamespaceClosers(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
 }
 
+void FileGenerator::GenerateTopHeaderGuard(io::Printer* printer) {
+  string filename_identifier = FilenameIdentifier(file_->name());
+  // Generate top of header.
+  printer->Print(
+    "// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+    "// source: $filename$\n"
+    "\n"
+    "#ifndef PROTOBUF_$filename_identifier$__INCLUDED\n"
+    "#define PROTOBUF_$filename_identifier$__INCLUDED\n"
+    "\n"
+    "#include <string>\n"
+    "\n",
+    "filename", file_->name(),
+    "filename_identifier", filename_identifier);
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateBottomHeaderGuard(io::Printer* printer) {
+  string filename_identifier = FilenameIdentifier(file_->name());
+  printer->Print(
+    "#endif  // PROTOBUF_$filename_identifier$__INCLUDED\n",
+    "filename_identifier", filename_identifier);
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateLibraryIncludes(io::Printer* printer) {
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>\n"
+    "\n");
+
+  // Verify the protobuf library header version is compatible with the protoc
+  // version before going any further.
+  printer->Print(
+    "#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < $min_header_version$\n"
+    "#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is\n"
+    "#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update\n"
+    "#error your headers.\n"
+    "#endif\n"
+    "#if $protoc_version$ < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION\n"
+    "#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is\n"
+    "#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please\n"
+    "#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.\n"
+    "#endif\n"
+    "\n",
+    "min_header_version",
+      SimpleItoa(protobuf::internal::kMinHeaderVersionForProtoc),
+    "protoc_version", SimpleItoa(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION));
+
+  // OK, it's now safe to #include other files.
+  printer->Print(
+    "#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>\n"
+    "#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>\n"
+    "#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>\n");
+  if (UseUnknownFieldSet(file_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>\n");
+  }
+  if (file_->message_type_count() > 0) {
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_)) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "#include <google/protobuf/message.h>\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+        "#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>\n");
+    }
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+    "#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>\n"
+    "#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>\n");
+  if (HasMapFields(file_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "#include <google/protobuf/map.h>\n");
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_)) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "#include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "#include <google/protobuf/map_field_lite.h>\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (HasEnumDefinitions(file_)) {
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_)) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h>\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h>\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (HasGenericServices(file_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "#include <google/protobuf/service.h>\n");
+  }
+
+  if (UseUnknownFieldSet(file_) && file_->message_type_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>\n");
+  }
+
+
+  if (IsAnyMessage(file_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "#include \"google/protobuf/any.h\"\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateDependencyIncludes(io::Printer* printer) {
+  set<string> public_import_names;
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->public_dependency_count(); i++) {
+    public_import_names.insert(file_->public_dependency(i)->name());
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    const string& name = file_->dependency(i)->name();
+    bool public_import = (public_import_names.count(name) != 0);
+
+
+    printer->Print(
+      "#include \"$dependency$.pb.h\"$iwyu$\n",
+      "dependency", StripProto(name),
+      "iwyu", (public_import) ? "  // IWYU pragma: export" : "");
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateGlobalStateFunctionDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Forward-declare the AddDescriptors, AssignDescriptors, and ShutdownFile
+  // functions, so that we can declare them to be friends of each class.
+  printer->Print(
+    "\n"
+    "// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.\n"
+    "void $dllexport_decl$$adddescriptorsname$();\n",
+    "adddescriptorsname", GlobalAddDescriptorsName(file_->name()),
+    "dllexport_decl",
+    options_.dllexport_decl.empty() ? "" : options_.dllexport_decl + " ");
+
+  printer->Print(
+    // Note that we don't put dllexport_decl on these because they are only
+    // called by the .pb.cc file in which they are defined.
+    "void $assigndescriptorsname$();\n"
+    "void $shutdownfilename$();\n"
+    "\n",
+    "assigndescriptorsname", GlobalAssignDescriptorsName(file_->name()),
+    "shutdownfilename", GlobalShutdownFileName(file_->name()));
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateMessageForwardDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Generate forward declarations of classes.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateMessageForwardDeclaration(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateMessageDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Generate class definitions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (i > 0) {
+      printer->Print("\n");
+      printer->Print(kThinSeparator);
+      printer->Print("\n");
+    }
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateClassDefinition(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateEnumDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Generate enum definitions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateEnumDefinitions(printer);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    enum_generators_[i]->GenerateDefinition(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateServiceDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (HasGenericServices(file_)) {
+    // Generate service definitions.
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->service_count(); i++) {
+      if (i > 0) {
+        printer->Print("\n");
+        printer->Print(kThinSeparator);
+        printer->Print("\n");
+      }
+      service_generators_[i]->GenerateDeclarations(printer);
+    }
+
+    printer->Print("\n");
+    printer->Print(kThickSeparator);
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateExtensionIdentifiers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Declare extension identifiers.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension_generators_[i]->GenerateDeclaration(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateInlineFunctionDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // An aside about inline functions in .proto.h mode:
+  //
+  // The PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS symbol controls conditionally
+  // moving much of the inline functions to the .pb.cc file, which can be a
+  // significant performance benefit for compilation time, at the expense
+  // of non-inline function calls.
+  //
+  // However, in .proto.h mode, the definition of the internal dependent
+  // base class must remain in the header, and can never be out-lined. The
+  // dependent base class also needs access to has-bit manipuation
+  // functions, so the has-bit functions must be unconditionally inlined in
+  // proto_h mode.
+  //
+  // This gives us three flavors of functions:
+  //
+  //  1. Functions on the message not used by the internal dependent base
+  //     class: in .proto.h mode, only some functions are defined on the
+  //     message class; others are defined on the dependent base class.
+  //     These are guarded and can be out-lined. These are generated by
+  //     GenerateInlineMethods, and include has_* bit functions in
+  //     non-proto_h mode.
+  //
+  //  2. Functions on the internal dependent base class: these functions
+  //     are dependent on a template parameter, so they always need to
+  //     remain in the header.
+  //
+  //  3. Functions on the message that are used by the dependent base: the
+  //     dependent base class down casts itself to the message
+  //     implementation class to access these functions (the has_* bit
+  //     manipulation functions). Unlike #1, these functions must
+  //     unconditionally remain in the header. These are emitted by
+  //     GenerateDependentInlineMethods, even though they are not actually
+  //     dependent.
+
+  printer->Print("#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS\n");
+  // Generate class inline methods.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (i > 0) {
+      printer->Print(kThinSeparator);
+      printer->Print("\n");
+    }
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateInlineMethods(printer,
+                                                  /* is_inline = */ true);
+  }
+  printer->Print("#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (i > 0) {
+      printer->Print(kThinSeparator);
+      printer->Print("\n");
+    }
+    // Methods of the dependent base class must always be inline in the header.
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateDependentInlineMethods(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "\n"
+    "// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)\n");
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateProto2NamespaceEnumSpecializations(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Emit GetEnumDescriptor specializations into google::protobuf namespace:
+  if (HasEnumDefinitions(file_)) {
+    // The SWIG conditional is to avoid a null-pointer dereference
+    // (bug 1984964) in swig-1.3.21 resulting from the following syntax:
+    //   namespace X { void Y<Z::W>(); }
+    // which appears in GetEnumDescriptor() specializations.
+    printer->Print(
+        "\n"
+        "#ifndef SWIG\n"
+        "namespace google {\nnamespace protobuf {\n"
+        "\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+      message_generators_[i]->GenerateGetEnumDescriptorSpecializations(printer);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+      enum_generators_[i]->GenerateGetEnumDescriptorSpecializations(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "\n"
+        "}  // namespace protobuf\n}  // namespace google\n"
+        "#endif  // SWIG\n");
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace cpp
 }  // namespace compiler
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.h
index 0e06547d..e68f67bb 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.h
@@ -80,6 +80,35 @@ class FileGenerator {
   void GenerateNamespaceOpeners(io::Printer* printer);
   void GenerateNamespaceClosers(io::Printer* printer);
 
+  // Generates top or bottom of a header file.
+  void GenerateTopHeaderGuard(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateBottomHeaderGuard(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates #include directives.
+  void GenerateLibraryIncludes(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDependencyIncludes(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates a couple of different pieces before definitions:
+  void GenerateGlobalStateFunctionDeclarations(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates types for classes.
+  void GenerateMessageForwardDeclarations(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateMessageDefinitions(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates enum definitions.
+  void GenerateEnumDefinitions(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates generic service definitions.
+  void GenerateServiceDefinitions(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates extension identifiers.
+  void GenerateExtensionIdentifiers(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Generates inline function defintions.
+  void GenerateInlineFunctionDefinitions(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  void GenerateProto2NamespaceEnumSpecializations(io::Printer* printer);
+
   const FileDescriptor* file_;
 
   google::protobuf::scoped_array<google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<MessageGenerator> > message_generators_;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.cc
index c999b93f..99416372 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.cc
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ bool CppGenerator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
   //   }
   // FOO_EXPORT is a macro which should expand to __declspec(dllexport) or
   // __declspec(dllimport) depending on what is being compiled.
+  //
   Options file_options;
 
   for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc
index 28c4dd54..0f3688d0 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ namespace cpp {
 
 namespace {
 
+static const char kAnyMessageName[] = "Any";
+static const char kAnyProtoFile[] = "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+
 string DotsToUnderscores(const string& name) {
   return StringReplace(name, ".", "_", true);
 }
@@ -162,6 +165,10 @@ string ClassName(const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor, bool qualified) {
 }
 
 
+string DependentBaseClassTemplateName(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return ClassName(descriptor, false) + "_InternalBase";
+}
+
 string SuperClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
   return HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->file()) ?
       "::google::protobuf::Message" : "::google::protobuf::MessageLite";
@@ -176,6 +183,14 @@ string FieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
   return result;
 }
 
+string EnumValueName(const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value) {
+  string result = enum_value->name();
+  if (kKeywords.count(result) > 0) {
+    result.append("_");
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
 string FieldConstantName(const FieldDescriptor *field) {
   string field_name = UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true);
   string result = "k" + field_name + "FieldNumber";
@@ -192,6 +207,47 @@ string FieldConstantName(const FieldDescriptor *field) {
   return result;
 }
 
+bool IsFieldDependent(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (field->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+    // Oneof fields will always be dependent.
+    //
+    // This is a unique case for field codegen. Field generators are
+    // responsible for generating all the field-specific accessor
+    // functions, except for the clear_*() function; instead, field
+    // generators produce inline clearing code.
+    //
+    // For non-oneof fields, the Message class uses the inline clearing
+    // code to define the field's clear_*() function, as well as in the
+    // destructor. For oneof fields, the Message class generates a much
+    // more complicated clear_*() function, which clears only the oneof
+    // member that is set, in addition to clearing methods for each of the
+    // oneof members individually.
+    //
+    // Since oneofs do not have their own generator class, the Message code
+    // generation logic would be significantly complicated in order to
+    // split dependent and non-dependent manipulation logic based on
+    // whether the oneof truly needs to be dependent; so, for oneof fields,
+    // we just assume it (and its constituents) should be manipulated by a
+    // dependent base class function.
+    //
+    // This is less precise than how dependent message-typed fields are
+    // handled, but the cost is limited to only the generated code for the
+    // oneof field, which seems like an acceptable tradeoff.
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (field->file() == field->message_type()->file()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+string DependentTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return "InternalBase_" + field->name() + "_T";
+}
+
 string FieldMessageTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
   // Note:  The Google-internal version of Protocol Buffers uses this function
   //   as a hook point for hacks to support legacy code.
@@ -352,9 +408,7 @@ string FilenameIdentifier(const string& filename) {
     } else {
       // Not alphanumeric.  To avoid any possibility of name conflicts we
       // use the hex code for the character.
-      result.push_back('_');
-      char buffer[kFastToBufferSize];
-      result.append(FastHexToBuffer(static_cast<uint8>(filename[i]), buffer));
+      StrAppend(&result, "_", strings::Hex(static_cast<uint8>(filename[i])));
     }
   }
   return result;
@@ -508,6 +562,22 @@ bool IsStringOrMessage(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
   return false;
 }
 
+FieldOptions::CType EffectiveStringCType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING);
+  // Open-source protobuf release only supports STRING ctype.
+  return FieldOptions::STRING;
+
+}
+
+bool IsAnyMessage(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->name() == kAnyProtoFile;
+}
+
+bool IsAnyMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->name() == kAnyMessageName &&
+         descriptor->file()->name() == kAnyProtoFile;
+}
+
 }  // namespace cpp
 }  // namespace compiler
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h
index e60fa7c2..4bbf8303 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h
@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ extern const char kThinSeparator[];
 string ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor, bool qualified);
 string ClassName(const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor, bool qualified);
 
+// Name of the CRTP class template (for use with proto_h).
+// This is a class name, like "ProtoName_InternalBase".
+string DependentBaseClassTemplateName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
 string SuperClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
 
 // Get the (unqualified) name that should be used for this field in C++ code.
@@ -74,6 +78,9 @@ string SuperClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
 // anyway, so normally this just returns field->name().
 string FieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
 
+// Get the sanitized name that should be used for the given enum in C++ code.
+string EnumValueName(const EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value);
+
 // Get the unqualified name that should be used for a field's field
 // number constant.
 string FieldConstantName(const FieldDescriptor *field);
@@ -85,6 +92,20 @@ inline const Descriptor* FieldScope(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
     field->extension_scope() : field->containing_type();
 }
 
+// Returns true if the given 'field_descriptor' has a message type that is
+// a dependency of the file where the field is defined (i.e., the field
+// type is defined in a different file than the message holding the field).
+//
+// This only applies to Message-typed fields. Enum-typed fields may refer
+// to an enum in a dependency; however, enums are specified and
+// forward-declared with an enum-base, so the definition is not required to
+// manipulate the field value.
+bool IsFieldDependent(const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor);
+
+// Returns the name that should be used for forcing dependent lookup from a
+// dependent base class.
+string DependentTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
 // Returns the fully-qualified type name field->message_type().  Usually this
 // is just ClassName(field->message_type(), true);
 string FieldMessageTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
@@ -211,6 +232,10 @@ inline bool IsMapEntryMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
 // Returns true if the field's CPPTYPE is string or message.
 bool IsStringOrMessage(const FieldDescriptor* field);
 
+// For a string field, returns the effective ctype.  If the actual ctype is
+// not supported, returns the default of STRING.
+FieldOptions::CType EffectiveStringCType(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
 string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const string& input, bool cap_next_letter);
 
 inline bool HasFieldPresence(const FileDescriptor* file) {
@@ -235,6 +260,9 @@ inline bool SupportsArenas(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
   return SupportsArenas(field->file());
 }
 
+bool IsAnyMessage(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+bool IsAnyMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
 }  // namespace cpp
 }  // namespace compiler
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc
index 0154eeb8..0ff0d27c 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
 
 namespace google {
@@ -72,14 +73,21 @@ void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
       (*variables)["val_cpp"] = PrimitiveTypeName(val->cpp_type());
       (*variables)["wrapper"] = "EntryWrapper";
   }
-  (*variables)["key_type"] =
-      "::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor::TYPE_" +
+  (*variables)["key_wire_type"] =
+      "::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_" +
       ToUpper(DeclaredTypeMethodName(key->type()));
-  (*variables)["val_type"] =
-      "::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor::TYPE_" +
+  (*variables)["val_wire_type"] =
+      "::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_" +
       ToUpper(DeclaredTypeMethodName(val->type()));
   (*variables)["map_classname"] = ClassName(descriptor->message_type(), false);
-  (*variables)["number"] = Int32ToString(descriptor->number());
+  (*variables)["number"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor->number());
+  (*variables)["tag"] = SimpleItoa(internal::WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor));
+
+  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->file())) {
+    (*variables)["lite"] = "";
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["lite"] = "Lite";
+  }
 
   if (!IsProto3Field(descriptor) &&
       val->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
@@ -102,33 +110,40 @@ MapFieldGenerator::~MapFieldGenerator() {}
 void MapFieldGenerator::
 GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
-      "typedef ::google::protobuf::internal::MapEntry<\n"
+      "typedef ::google::protobuf::internal::MapEntryLite<\n"
       "    $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$,\n"
-      "    $key_type$,\n"
-      "    $val_type$, $default_enum_value$>\n"
+      "    $key_wire_type$,\n"
+      "    $val_wire_type$,\n"
+      "    $default_enum_value$ >\n"
       "    $map_classname$;\n"
-      "::google::protobuf::internal::MapField< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$,"
-      "$key_type$, $val_type$, $default_enum_value$ > $name$_;\n");
+      "::google::protobuf::internal::MapField$lite$<\n"
+      "    $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$,\n"
+      "    $key_wire_type$,\n"
+      "    $val_wire_type$,\n"
+      "    $default_enum_value$ > $name$_;\n");
 }
 
 void MapFieldGenerator::
 GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
-      "inline const ::google::protobuf::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >&\n"
+      "const ::google::protobuf::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >&\n"
       "    $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
-      "inline ::google::protobuf::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >*\n"
+      "::google::protobuf::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >*\n"
       "    mutable_$name$()$deprecation$;\n");
 }
 
 void MapFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-      "inline const ::google::protobuf::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >&\n"
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  printer->Print(variables,
+      "$inline$ const ::google::protobuf::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >&\n"
       "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_map:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $name$_.GetMap();\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline ::google::protobuf::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >*\n"
+      "$inline$ ::google::protobuf::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >*\n"
       "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_map:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $name$_.MutableMap();\n"
@@ -198,11 +213,29 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) const {
         "  if ($val_cpp$_IsValid(*entry->mutable_value())) {\n"
         "    (*mutable_$name$())[entry->key()] =\n"
         "        static_cast<$val_cpp$>(*entry->mutable_value());\n"
-        "  } else {\n"
-        "    mutable_unknown_fields()->AddLengthDelimited($number$, data);\n"
+        "  } else {\n");
+    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file())) {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+          "    mutable_unknown_fields()"
+          "->AddLengthDelimited($number$, data);\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+          "    unknown_fields_stream.WriteVarint32($tag$);\n"
+          "    unknown_fields_stream.WriteVarint32(data.size());\n"
+          "    unknown_fields_stream.WriteString(data);\n");
+    }
+
+
+    printer->Print(variables_,
         "  }\n"
         "}\n");
   }
+
+  // If entry is allocated by arena, its desctructor should be avoided.
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+        "if (entry->GetArena() != NULL) entry.release();\n");
+  }
 }
 
 void MapFieldGenerator::
@@ -211,12 +244,32 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizes(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "{\n"
       "  ::google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<$map_classname$> entry;\n"
       "  for (::google::protobuf::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >::const_iterator\n"
-      "      it = $name$().begin(); it != $name$().end(); ++it) {\n"
+      "      it = this->$name$().begin();\n"
+      "      it != this->$name$().end(); ++it) {\n");
+
+  // If entry is allocated by arena, its desctructor should be avoided.
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+        "    if (entry.get() != NULL && entry->GetArena() != NULL) {\n"
+        "      entry.release();\n"
+        "    }\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
       "    entry.reset($name$_.New$wrapper$(it->first, it->second));\n"
       "    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Write$stream_writer$(\n"
       "        $number$, *entry, output);\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "}\n");
+      "  }\n");
+
+  // If entry is allocated by arena, its desctructor should be avoided.
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+        "  if (entry.get() != NULL && entry->GetArena() != NULL) {\n"
+        "    entry.release();\n"
+        "  }\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("}\n");
 }
 
 void MapFieldGenerator::
@@ -225,13 +278,33 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "{\n"
       "  ::google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<$map_classname$> entry;\n"
       "  for (::google::protobuf::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >::const_iterator\n"
-      "      it = $name$().begin(); it != $name$().end(); ++it) {\n"
+      "      it = this->$name$().begin();\n"
+      "      it != this->$name$().end(); ++it) {\n");
+
+  // If entry is allocated by arena, its desctructor should be avoided.
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+        "    if (entry.get() != NULL && entry->GetArena() != NULL) {\n"
+        "      entry.release();\n"
+        "    }\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
       "    entry.reset($name$_.New$wrapper$(it->first, it->second));\n"
       "    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::\n"
       "        Write$declared_type$NoVirtualToArray(\n"
       "            $number$, *entry, target);\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "}\n");
+      "  }\n");
+
+  // If entry is allocated by arena, its desctructor should be avoided.
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+        "  if (entry.get() != NULL && entry->GetArena() != NULL) {\n"
+        "    entry.release();\n"
+        "  }\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("}\n");
 }
 
 void MapFieldGenerator::
@@ -241,12 +314,32 @@ GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "{\n"
       "  ::google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<$map_classname$> entry;\n"
       "  for (::google::protobuf::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >::const_iterator\n"
-      "      it = $name$().begin(); it != $name$().end(); ++it) {\n"
+      "      it = this->$name$().begin();\n"
+      "      it != this->$name$().end(); ++it) {\n");
+
+  // If entry is allocated by arena, its desctructor should be avoided.
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+        "    if (entry.get() != NULL && entry->GetArena() != NULL) {\n"
+        "      entry.release();\n"
+        "    }\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
       "    entry.reset($name$_.New$wrapper$(it->first, it->second));\n"
       "    total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::\n"
       "        $declared_type$SizeNoVirtual(*entry);\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "}\n");
+      "  }\n");
+
+  // If entry is allocated by arena, its desctructor should be avoided.
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+        "  if (entry.get() != NULL && entry->GetArena() != NULL) {\n"
+        "    entry.release();\n"
+        "  }\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("}\n");
 }
 
 }  // namespace cpp
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.h
index 0ff032fd..d27d4851 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.h
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ class MapFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
   void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc
index e71d35fa..b0e38755 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc
@@ -64,10 +64,15 @@ using internal::WireFormatLite;
 
 namespace {
 
-void PrintFieldComment(io::Printer* printer, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
-  // Print the field's proto-syntax definition as a comment.  We don't want to
-  // print group bodies so we cut off after the first line.
-  string def = field->DebugString();
+template <class T>
+void PrintFieldComment(io::Printer* printer, const T* field) {
+  // Print the field's (or oneof's) proto-syntax definition as a comment.
+  // We don't want to print group bodies so we cut off after the first
+  // line.
+  DebugStringOptions options;
+  options.elide_group_body = true;
+  options.elide_oneof_body = true;
+  string def = field->DebugStringWithOptions(options);
   printer->Print("// $def$\n",
     "def", def.substr(0, def.find_first_of('\n')));
 }
@@ -87,8 +92,8 @@ const FieldDescriptor** SortFieldsByNumber(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
     fields[i] = descriptor->field(i);
   }
-  sort(fields, fields + descriptor->field_count(),
-       FieldOrderingByNumber());
+  std::sort(fields, fields + descriptor->field_count(),
+            FieldOrderingByNumber());
   return fields;
 }
 
@@ -253,7 +258,7 @@ void OptimizePadding(vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* fields) {
   // Sort by preferred location to keep fields as close to their original
   // location as possible.  Using stable_sort ensures that the output is
   // consistent across runs.
-  stable_sort(aligned_to_4.begin(), aligned_to_4.end());
+  std::stable_sort(aligned_to_4.begin(), aligned_to_4.end());
 
   // Now group fields aligned to 4 bytes (or the 4-field groups created above)
   // into pairs, and treat those like a single field aligned to 8 bytes.
@@ -269,7 +274,7 @@ void OptimizePadding(vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* fields) {
     aligned_to_8.push_back(field_group);
   }
   // Sort by preferred location.
-  stable_sort(aligned_to_8.begin(), aligned_to_8.end());
+  std::stable_sort(aligned_to_8.begin(), aligned_to_8.end());
 
   // Now pull out all the FieldDescriptors in order.
   fields->clear();
@@ -351,11 +356,11 @@ void CollectMapInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor,
     default:
       (*variables)["val"] = PrimitiveTypeName(val->cpp_type());
   }
-  (*variables)["key_type"] =
-      "::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor::TYPE_" +
+  (*variables)["key_wire_type"] =
+      "::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_" +
       ToUpper(DeclaredTypeMethodName(key->type()));
-  (*variables)["val_type"] =
-      "::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor::TYPE_" +
+  (*variables)["val_wire_type"] =
+      "::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_" +
       ToUpper(DeclaredTypeMethodName(val->type()));
 }
 
@@ -383,7 +388,8 @@ MessageGenerator::MessageGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor,
       enum_generators_(
           new google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<EnumGenerator>[descriptor->enum_type_count()]),
       extension_generators_(new google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<
-          ExtensionGenerator>[descriptor->extension_count()]) {
+          ExtensionGenerator>[descriptor->extension_count()]),
+      use_dependent_base_(false) {
 
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); i++) {
     nested_generators_[i].reset(
@@ -405,13 +411,16 @@ MessageGenerator::MessageGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor,
     if (descriptor->field(i)->is_required()) {
       ++num_required_fields_;
     }
+    if (options.proto_h && IsFieldDependent(descriptor->field(i))) {
+      use_dependent_base_ = true;
+    }
   }
 }
 
 MessageGenerator::~MessageGenerator() {}
 
 void MessageGenerator::
-GenerateForwardDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) {
+GenerateMessageForwardDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) {
   printer->Print("class $classname$;\n",
                  "classname", classname_);
 
@@ -420,7 +429,17 @@ GenerateForwardDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) {
     // message cannot be a top level class, we just need to avoid calling
     // GenerateForwardDeclaration here.
     if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) continue;
-    nested_generators_[i]->GenerateForwardDeclaration(printer);
+    nested_generators_[i]->GenerateMessageForwardDeclaration(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::
+GenerateEnumForwardDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    nested_generators_[i]->GenerateEnumForwardDeclaration(printer);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    enum_generators_[i]->GenerateForwardDeclaration(printer);
   }
 }
 
@@ -446,6 +465,35 @@ GenerateGetEnumDescriptorSpecializations(io::Printer* printer) {
 }
 
 void MessageGenerator::
+GenerateDependentFieldAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+
+    PrintFieldComment(printer, field);
+
+    map<string, string> vars;
+    SetCommonFieldVariables(field, &vars, options_);
+
+    if (use_dependent_base_ && IsFieldDependent(field)) {
+      // If the message is dependent, the inline clear_*() method will need
+      // to delete the message type, so it must be in the dependent base
+      // class. (See also GenerateFieldAccessorDeclarations.)
+      printer->Print(vars, "void clear_$name$()$deprecation$;\n");
+    }
+    // Generate type-specific accessor declarations.
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateDependentAccessorDeclarations(printer);
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i);
+    PrintFieldComment(printer, oneof);
+    printer->Print(
+      "void clear_$oneof_name$();\n",
+      "oneof_name", oneof->name());
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::
 GenerateFieldAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) {
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
     const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
@@ -456,18 +504,35 @@ GenerateFieldAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) {
     SetCommonFieldVariables(field, &vars, options_);
     vars["constant_name"] = FieldConstantName(field);
 
+    bool dependent_field = use_dependent_base_ && IsFieldDependent(field);
+    if (dependent_field) {
+      // If this field is dependent, the dependent base class determines
+      // the message type from the derived class (which is a template
+      // parameter). This typedef is for that:
+      printer->Print(
+          "private:\n"
+          "typedef $field_type$ $dependent_type$;\n"
+          "public:\n",
+          "field_type", FieldMessageTypeName(field),
+          "dependent_type", DependentTypeName(field));
+    }
+
     if (field->is_repeated()) {
-      printer->Print(vars, "inline int $name$_size() const$deprecation$;\n");
+      printer->Print(vars, "int $name$_size() const$deprecation$;\n");
     } else if (HasHasMethod(field)) {
-      printer->Print(vars, "inline bool has_$name$() const$deprecation$;\n");
+      printer->Print(vars, "bool has_$name$() const$deprecation$;\n");
     } else if (HasPrivateHasMethod(field)) {
       printer->Print(vars,
           "private:\n"
-          "inline bool has_$name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
+          "bool has_$name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
           "public:\n");
     }
 
-    printer->Print(vars, "inline void clear_$name$()$deprecation$;\n");
+    if (!dependent_field) {
+      // If this field is dependent, then its clear_() method is in the
+      // depenent base class. (See also GenerateDependentAccessorDeclarations.)
+      printer->Print(vars, "void clear_$name$()$deprecation$;\n");
+    }
     printer->Print(vars, "static const int $constant_name$ = $number$;\n");
 
     // Generate type-specific accessor declarations.
@@ -486,7 +551,7 @@ GenerateFieldAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) {
 
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
     printer->Print(
-        "inline $camel_oneof_name$Case $oneof_name$_case() const;\n",
+        "$camel_oneof_name$Case $oneof_name$_case() const;\n",
         "camel_oneof_name",
         UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), true),
         "oneof_name", descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name());
@@ -494,7 +559,189 @@ GenerateFieldAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) {
 }
 
 void MessageGenerator::
-GenerateFieldAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) {
+GenerateDependentFieldAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (!use_dependent_base_) return;
+
+  printer->Print("// $classname$\n\n", "classname",
+                 DependentBaseClassTemplateName(descriptor_));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+
+    PrintFieldComment(printer, field);
+
+    // These functions are not really dependent: they are part of the
+    // (non-dependent) derived class. However, they need to live outside
+    // any #ifdef guards, so we treat them as if they were dependent.
+    //
+    // See the comment in FileGenerator::GenerateInlineFunctionDefinitions
+    // for a more complete explanation.
+    if (use_dependent_base_ && IsFieldDependent(field)) {
+      map<string, string> vars;
+      SetCommonFieldVariables(field, &vars, options_);
+      vars["inline"] = "inline ";
+      if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+        vars["field_name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true);
+        vars["oneof_name"] = field->containing_oneof()->name();
+        vars["oneof_index"] = SimpleItoa(field->containing_oneof()->index());
+        GenerateOneofMemberHasBits(field, vars, printer);
+      } else if (!field->is_repeated()) {
+        // There will be no header guard, so this always has to be inline.
+        GenerateSingularFieldHasBits(field, vars, printer);
+      }
+      // vars needed for clear_(), which is in the dependent base:
+      // (See also GenerateDependentFieldAccessorDeclarations.)
+      vars["tmpl"] = "template<class T>\n";
+      vars["dependent_classname"] =
+          DependentBaseClassTemplateName(descriptor_) + "<T>";
+      vars["this_message"] = "reinterpret_cast<T*>(this)->";
+      vars["this_const_message"] = "reinterpret_cast<const T*>(this)->";
+      GenerateFieldClear(field, vars, printer);
+    }
+
+    // Generate type-specific accessors.
+    field_generators_.get(field)
+        .GenerateDependentInlineAccessorDefinitions(printer);
+
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  // Generate has_$name$() and clear_has_$name$() functions for oneofs
+  // Similar to other has-bits, these must always be in the header if we
+  // are using a dependent base class.
+  GenerateOneofHasBits(printer, true /* is_inline */);
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::
+GenerateSingularFieldHasBits(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                             map<string, string> vars,
+                             io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // N.B.: without field presence, we do not use has-bits or generate
+    // has_$name$() methods.
+    vars["has_array_index"] = SimpleItoa(field->index() / 32);
+    vars["has_mask"] = StrCat(strings::Hex(1u << (field->index() % 32),
+                                           strings::ZERO_PAD_8));
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "$inline$"
+      "bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
+      "  return (_has_bits_[$has_array_index$] & 0x$has_mask$u) != 0;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "$inline$"
+      "void $classname$::set_has_$name$() {\n"
+      "  _has_bits_[$has_array_index$] |= 0x$has_mask$u;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "$inline$"
+      "void $classname$::clear_has_$name$() {\n"
+      "  _has_bits_[$has_array_index$] &= ~0x$has_mask$u;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    // Message fields have a has_$name$() method.
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      bool is_lazy = false;
+      if (is_lazy) {
+        printer->Print(vars,
+          "$inline$"
+          "bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
+          "  return !$name$_.IsCleared();\n"
+          "}\n");
+      } else {
+        printer->Print(vars,
+          "$inline$"
+          "bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
+          "  return !_is_default_instance_ && $name$_ != NULL;\n"
+          "}\n");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::
+GenerateOneofHasBits(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    map<string, string> vars;
+    vars["oneof_name"] = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name();
+    vars["oneof_index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->index());
+    vars["cap_oneof_name"] =
+        ToUpper(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name());
+    vars["classname"] = classname_;
+    vars["inline"] = (is_inline ? "inline " : "");
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "$inline$"
+        "bool $classname$::has_$oneof_name$() const {\n"
+        "  return $oneof_name$_case() != $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "$inline$"
+        "void $classname$::clear_has_$oneof_name$() {\n"
+        "  _oneof_case_[$oneof_index$] = $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET;\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::
+GenerateOneofMemberHasBits(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                           const map<string, string>& vars,
+                           io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Singular field in a oneof
+  // N.B.: Without field presence, we do not use has-bits or generate
+  // has_$name$() methods, but oneofs still have set_has_$name$().
+  // Oneofs also have has_$name$() but only as a private helper
+  // method, so that generated code is slightly cleaner (vs.  comparing
+  // _oneof_case_[index] against a constant everywhere).
+  printer->Print(vars,
+    "$inline$"
+    "bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
+    "  return $oneof_name$_case() == k$field_name$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  printer->Print(vars,
+    "$inline$"
+    "void $classname$::set_has_$name$() {\n"
+    "  _oneof_case_[$oneof_index$] = k$field_name$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::
+GenerateFieldClear(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                   const map<string, string>& vars,
+                   io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Generate clear_$name$() (See GenerateFieldAccessorDeclarations and
+  // GenerateDependentFieldAccessorDeclarations, $dependent_classname$ is
+  // set by the Generate*Definitions functions.)
+  printer->Print(vars,
+    "$tmpl$"
+    "$inline$"
+    "void $dependent_classname$::clear_$name$() {\n");
+
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+    // Clear this field only if it is the active field in this oneof,
+    // otherwise ignore
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "if ($this_message$has_$name$()) {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateClearingCode(printer);
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "$this_message$clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+  } else {
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateClearingCode(printer);
+    if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+      if (!field->is_repeated()) {
+        printer->Print(vars,
+                       "$this_message$clear_has_$name$();\n");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::
+GenerateFieldAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline) {
   printer->Print("// $classname$\n\n", "classname", classname_);
 
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
@@ -504,122 +751,49 @@ GenerateFieldAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) {
 
     map<string, string> vars;
     SetCommonFieldVariables(field, &vars, options_);
+    vars["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
 
     // Generate has_$name$() or $name$_size().
     if (field->is_repeated()) {
       printer->Print(vars,
-        "inline int $classname$::$name$_size() const {\n"
+        "$inline$"
+        "int $classname$::$name$_size() const {\n"
         "  return $name$_.size();\n"
         "}\n");
     } else if (field->containing_oneof()) {
-      // Singular field in a oneof
-      // N.B.: Without field presence, we do not use has-bits or generate
-      // has_$name$() methods, but oneofs still have set_has_$name$().
-      // Oneofs also have has_$name$() but only as a private helper
-      // method, so that generated code is slightly cleaner (vs.  comparing
-      // _oneof_case_[index] against a constant everywhere).
       vars["field_name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true);
       vars["oneof_name"] = field->containing_oneof()->name();
       vars["oneof_index"] = SimpleItoa(field->containing_oneof()->index());
-      printer->Print(vars,
-        "inline bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
-        "  return $oneof_name$_case() == k$field_name$;\n"
-        "}\n");
-      printer->Print(vars,
-        "inline void $classname$::set_has_$name$() {\n"
-        "  _oneof_case_[$oneof_index$] = k$field_name$;\n"
-        "}\n");
+      if (!use_dependent_base_ || !IsFieldDependent(field)) {
+        GenerateOneofMemberHasBits(field, vars, printer);
+      }
     } else {
       // Singular field.
-      if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
-        // N.B.: without field presence, we do not use has-bits or generate
-        // has_$name$() methods.
-        char buffer[kFastToBufferSize];
-        vars["has_array_index"] = SimpleItoa(field->index() / 32);
-        vars["has_mask"] = FastHex32ToBuffer(1u << (field->index() % 32),
-                                             buffer);
-        printer->Print(vars,
-          "inline bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
-          "  return (_has_bits_[$has_array_index$] & 0x$has_mask$u) != 0;\n"
-          "}\n"
-          "inline void $classname$::set_has_$name$() {\n"
-          "  _has_bits_[$has_array_index$] |= 0x$has_mask$u;\n"
-          "}\n"
-          "inline void $classname$::clear_has_$name$() {\n"
-          "  _has_bits_[$has_array_index$] &= ~0x$has_mask$u;\n"
-          "}\n"
-          );
-      } else {
-        // Message fields have a has_$name$() method.
-        if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
-          bool is_lazy = false;
-          if (is_lazy) {
-            printer->Print(vars,
-              "inline bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
-              "  return !$name$_.IsCleared();\n"
-              "}\n");
-          } else {
-            printer->Print(vars,
-              "inline bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
-              "  return !_is_default_instance_ && $name$_ != NULL;\n"
-              "}\n");
-          }
-        }
+      if (!use_dependent_base_ || !IsFieldDependent(field)) {
+        GenerateSingularFieldHasBits(field, vars, printer);
       }
     }
 
-    // Generate clear_$name$()
-    printer->Print(vars,
-      "inline void $classname$::clear_$name$() {\n");
-
-    printer->Indent();
-
-    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
-      // Clear this field only if it is the active field in this oneof,
-      // otherwise ignore
-      printer->Print(vars,
-        "if (has_$name$()) {\n");
-      printer->Indent();
-      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateClearingCode(printer);
-      printer->Print(vars,
-        "clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n");
-      printer->Outdent();
-      printer->Print("}\n");
-    } else {
-      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateClearingCode(printer);
-      if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
-        if (!field->is_repeated()) {
-          printer->Print(vars,
-                         "clear_has_$name$();\n");
-        }
-      }
+    if (!use_dependent_base_ || !IsFieldDependent(field)) {
+      vars["tmpl"] = "";
+      vars["dependent_classname"] = vars["classname"];
+      vars["this_message"] = "";
+      vars["this_const_message"] = "";
+      GenerateFieldClear(field, vars, printer);
     }
 
-    printer->Outdent();
-    printer->Print("}\n");
-
     // Generate type-specific accessors.
-    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(printer);
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(printer,
+                                                                   is_inline);
 
     printer->Print("\n");
   }
 
-  // Generate has_$name$() and clear_has_$name$() functions for oneofs
-  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
-    map<string, string> vars;
-    vars["oneof_name"] = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name();
-    vars["oneof_index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->index());
-    vars["cap_oneof_name"] =
-        ToUpper(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name());
-    vars["classname"] = classname_;
-    printer->Print(
-      vars,
-      "inline bool $classname$::has_$oneof_name$() const {\n"
-      "  return $oneof_name$_case() != $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET;\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::clear_has_$oneof_name$() {\n"
-      "  _oneof_case_[$oneof_index$] = $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET;\n"
-      "}\n");
+  if (!use_dependent_base_) {
+    // Generate has_$name$() and clear_has_$name$() functions for oneofs
+    // If we aren't using a dependent base, they can be with the other functions
+    // that are #ifdef-guarded.
+    GenerateOneofHasBits(printer, is_inline);
   }
 }
 
@@ -649,6 +823,34 @@ static bool CanClearByZeroing(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
 }
 
 void MessageGenerator::
+GenerateDependentBaseClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (!use_dependent_base_) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["classname"] = DependentBaseClassTemplateName(descriptor_);
+  vars["superclass"] = SuperClassName(descriptor_);
+
+  printer->Print(vars,
+    "template <class T>\n"
+    "class $classname$ : public $superclass$ {\n"
+    " public:\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(vars,
+    "$classname$() {}\n"
+    "virtual ~$classname$() {}\n"
+    "\n");
+
+  // Generate dependent accessor methods for all fields.
+  GenerateDependentFieldAccessorDeclarations(printer);
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("};\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::
 GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
     // map entry message doesn't need class definition. Since map entry message
@@ -661,6 +863,11 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
     printer->Print("\n");
   }
 
+  if (use_dependent_base_) {
+    GenerateDependentBaseClassDefinition(printer);
+      printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
   map<string, string> vars;
   vars["classname"] = classname_;
   vars["field_count"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->field_count());
@@ -670,11 +877,18 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
   } else {
     vars["dllexport"] = options_.dllexport_decl + " ";
   }
-  vars["superclass"] = SuperClassName(descriptor_);
-
+  if (use_dependent_base_) {
+    vars["superclass"] =
+        DependentBaseClassTemplateName(descriptor_) + "<" + classname_ + ">";
+  } else {
+    vars["superclass"] = SuperClassName(descriptor_);
+  }
   printer->Print(vars,
-    "class $dllexport$$classname$ : public $superclass$ {\n"
-    " public:\n");
+    "class $dllexport$$classname$ : public $superclass$ {\n");
+  if (use_dependent_base_) {
+    printer->Print(vars, "  friend class $superclass$;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(" public:\n");
   printer->Indent();
 
   printer->Print(vars,
@@ -783,6 +997,19 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
     printer->Print(vars,
       "void UnsafeArenaSwap($classname$* other);\n");
   }
+
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "// implements Any -----------------------------------------------\n"
+      "\n"
+      "void PackFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& message);\n"
+      "bool UnpackTo(::google::protobuf::Message* message) const;\n"
+      "template<typename T> bool Is() const {\n"
+      "  return _any_metadata_.Is<T>();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+  }
+
   printer->Print(vars,
     "void Swap($classname$* other);\n"
     "\n"
@@ -974,11 +1201,18 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
 
   // Generate oneof function declarations
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
-    printer->Print(
-        "inline bool has_$oneof_name$() const;\n"
-        "void clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
-        "inline void clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n\n",
-        "oneof_name", descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name());
+    if (use_dependent_base_) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "inline bool has_$oneof_name$() const;\n"
+          "inline void clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n\n",
+          "oneof_name", descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name());
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+          "inline bool has_$oneof_name$() const;\n"
+          "void clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
+          "inline void clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n\n",
+          "oneof_name", descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name());
+    }
   }
 
   if (HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->file()) &&
@@ -1140,6 +1374,12 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
       "\n");
   }
 
+  // Generate _any_metadata_ for the Any type.
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "::google::protobuf::internal::AnyMetadata _any_metadata_;\n");
+  }
+
   // Declare AddDescriptors(), BuildDescriptors(), and ShutdownFile() as
   // friends so that they can access private static variables like
   // default_instance_ and reflection_.
@@ -1173,18 +1413,33 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
 }
 
 void MessageGenerator::
-GenerateInlineMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+GenerateDependentInlineMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    // map entry message doesn't need inline methods. Since map entry message
+    // cannot be a top level class, we just need to avoid calling
+    // GenerateInlineMethods here.
+    if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) continue;
+    nested_generators_[i]->GenerateDependentInlineMethods(printer);
+    printer->Print(kThinSeparator);
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  GenerateDependentFieldAccessorDefinitions(printer);
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::
+GenerateInlineMethods(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline) {
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
     // map entry message doesn't need inline methods. Since map entry message
     // cannot be a top level class, we just need to avoid calling
     // GenerateInlineMethods here.
     if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) continue;
-    nested_generators_[i]->GenerateInlineMethods(printer);
+    nested_generators_[i]->GenerateInlineMethods(printer, is_inline);
     printer->Print(kThinSeparator);
     printer->Print("\n");
   }
 
-  GenerateFieldAccessorDefinitions(printer);
+  GenerateFieldAccessorDefinitions(printer, is_inline);
 
   // Generate oneof_case() functions.
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
@@ -1194,9 +1449,11 @@ GenerateInlineMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
         descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), true);
     vars["oneof_name"] = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name();
     vars["oneof_index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->index());
+    vars["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
     printer->Print(
         vars,
-        "inline $class_name$::$camel_oneof_name$Case $class_name$::"
+        "$inline$"
+        "$class_name$::$camel_oneof_name$Case $class_name$::"
         "$oneof_name$_case() const {\n"
         "  return $class_name$::$camel_oneof_name$Case("
         "_oneof_case_[$oneof_index$]);\n"
@@ -1226,7 +1483,9 @@ GenerateDescriptorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) {
       for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
         const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
         printer->Print("  ");
-        if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+        if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE ||
+            (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING &&
+             EffectiveStringCType(field) != FieldOptions::STRING)) {
           printer->Print("const ");
         }
         field_generators_.get(field).GeneratePrivateMembers(printer);
@@ -1395,8 +1654,8 @@ GenerateTypeRegistrations(io::Printer* printer) {
       "      ::google::protobuf::internal::MapEntry<\n"
       "          $key$,\n"
       "          $val$,\n"
-      "          $key_type$,\n"
-      "          $val_type$,\n"
+      "          $key_wire_type$,\n"
+      "          $val_wire_type$,\n"
       "          $default_enum_value$>::CreateDefaultInstance(\n"
       "              $classname$_descriptor_));\n");
   }
@@ -1492,6 +1751,19 @@ GenerateShutdownCode(io::Printer* printer) {
 
 void MessageGenerator::
 GenerateClassMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "void $classname$::PackFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& message) {\n"
+      "  _any_metadata_.PackFrom(message);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "bool $classname$::UnpackTo(::google::protobuf::Message* message) const {\n"
+      "  return _any_metadata_.UnpackTo(message);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", classname_);
+  }
+
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
     enum_generators_[i]->GenerateMethods(printer);
   }
@@ -1765,7 +2037,7 @@ GenerateArenaDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
   if (need_registration) {
     printer->Print(
         "inline void $classname$::RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {\n"
-        "  if (arena != NULL) {"
+        "  if (arena != NULL) {\n"
         "    arena->OwnCustomDestructor(this, &$classname$::ArenaDtor);\n"
         "  }\n"
         "}\n",
@@ -1780,18 +2052,23 @@ GenerateArenaDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
 
 void MessageGenerator::
 GenerateStructors(io::Printer* printer) {
-  string superclass = SuperClassName(descriptor_);
-  string initializer_with_arena;
-  if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file())) {
-    initializer_with_arena = "_internal_metadata_(arena)";
+  string superclass;
+  if (use_dependent_base_) {
+    superclass =
+        DependentBaseClassTemplateName(descriptor_) + "<" + classname_ + ">";
   } else {
-    initializer_with_arena = "_arena_ptr_(arena)";
+    superclass = SuperClassName(descriptor_);
   }
+  string initializer_with_arena = superclass + "()";
+
   if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
-      initializer_with_arena  = string("\n  _extensions_(arena)") +
-        (!initializer_with_arena.empty() ?  ", " : "") + initializer_with_arena;
+    initializer_with_arena += ",\n  _extensions_(arena)";
+  }
+
+  if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file())) {
+    initializer_with_arena += ",\n  _internal_metadata_(arena)";
   } else {
-    initializer_with_arena  = "\n  " + initializer_with_arena;
+    initializer_with_arena += ",\n  _arena_ptr_(arena)";
   }
 
   // Initialize member variables with arena constructor.
@@ -1802,16 +2079,21 @@ GenerateStructors(io::Printer* printer) {
           FieldName(descriptor_->field(i)) + string("_(arena)");
     }
   }
-  initializer_with_arena = superclass + "()" +
-      (!initializer_with_arena.empty() ?  "," : " ") + initializer_with_arena;
+
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    initializer_with_arena += ",\n  _any_metadata_(&type_url, &value_)";
+  }
 
   string initializer_null;
   initializer_null = (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file()) ?
-    ", _internal_metadata_(NULL) " : ", _arena_ptr_(NULL)");
+    ", _internal_metadata_(NULL)" : ", _arena_ptr_(NULL)");
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    initializer_null += ", _any_metadata_(&type_url_, &value_)";
+  }
 
   printer->Print(
       "$classname$::$classname$()\n"
-      "  : $superclass$() $initializer$ {\n"
+      "  : $superclass$()$initializer$ {\n"
       "  SharedCtor();\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n",
@@ -1892,10 +2174,14 @@ GenerateStructors(io::Printer* printer) {
     "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
   if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file())) {
     printer->Print(
-        ",\n    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {\n");
+        ",\n    _internal_metadata_(NULL)");
   } else if (!UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file())) {
-    printer->Print(",\n    _arena_ptr_(NULL) {\n");
+    printer->Print(",\n    _arena_ptr_(NULL)");
+  }
+  if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(",\n    _any_metadata_(&type_url_, &value_)");
   }
+  printer->Print(" {\n");
   printer->Print(
     "  SharedCtor();\n"
     "  MergeFrom(from);\n"
@@ -2038,17 +2324,16 @@ GenerateClear(io::Printer* printer) {
 
   // Step 2a: Greedily seek runs of fields that can be cleared by memset-to-0.
   // The generated code uses two macros to help it clear runs of fields:
-  // OFFSET_OF_FIELD_ computes the offset (in bytes) of a field in the Message.
+  // ZR_HELPER_(f1) - ZR_HELPER_(f0) computes the difference, in bytes, of the
+  // positions of two fields in the Message.
   // ZR_ zeroes a non-empty range of fields via memset.
   const char* macros =
-      "#define OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(f) (reinterpret_cast<char*>(      \\\n"
-      "  &reinterpret_cast<$classname$*>(16)->f) - \\\n"
-      "   reinterpret_cast<char*>(16))\n\n"
-      "#define ZR_(first, last) do {                              \\\n"
-      "    size_t f = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(first);                    \\\n"
-      "    size_t n = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(last) - f + sizeof(last);  \\\n"
-      "    ::memset(&first, 0, n);                                \\\n"
-      "  } while (0)\n\n";
+      "#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\\\n"
+      "  &reinterpret_cast<$classname$*>(16)->f)\n\n"
+      "#define ZR_(first, last) do {\\\n"
+      "  ::memset(&first, 0,\\\n"
+      "           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\\\n"
+      "} while (0)\n\n";
   for (int i = 0; i < runs_of_fields_.size(); i++) {
     const vector<string>& run = runs_of_fields_[i];
     if (run.size() < 2) continue;
@@ -2095,7 +2380,7 @@ GenerateClear(io::Printer* printer) {
       } else {
         if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
           printer->Print(
-            "if (_has_bits_[$index$ / 32] & $mask$) {\n",
+            "if (_has_bits_[$index$ / 32] & $mask$u) {\n",
             "index", SimpleItoa(i / 8 * 8),
             "mask", SimpleItoa(mask));
           printer->Indent();
@@ -2123,7 +2408,11 @@ GenerateClear(io::Printer* printer) {
       have_enclosing_if = true;
     }
 
-    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateClearingCode(printer);
+    if (use_dependent_base_ && IsFieldDependent(field)) {
+      printer->Print("clear_$name$();\n", "name", fieldname);
+    } else {
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateClearingCode(printer);
+    }
 
     if (have_enclosing_if) {
       printer->Outdent();
@@ -2137,7 +2426,7 @@ GenerateClear(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
   if (macros_are_needed) {
     printer->Outdent();
-    printer->Print("\n#undef OFFSET_OF_FIELD_\n#undef ZR_\n\n");
+    printer->Print("\n#undef ZR_HELPER_\n#undef ZR_\n\n");
     printer->Indent();
   }
 
@@ -2146,7 +2435,11 @@ GenerateClear(io::Printer* printer) {
     const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
 
     if (field->is_repeated()) {
-      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateClearingCode(printer);
+      if (use_dependent_base_ && IsFieldDependent(field)) {
+        printer->Print("clear_$name$();\n", "name", FieldName(field));
+      } else {
+        field_generators_.get(field).GenerateClearingCode(printer);
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -2183,19 +2476,38 @@ void MessageGenerator::
 GenerateOneofClear(io::Printer* printer) {
   // Generated function clears the active field and union case (e.g. foo_case_).
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
-    printer->Print(
-        "void $classname$::clear_$oneofname$() {\n",
-        "classname", classname_,
-        "oneofname", descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name());
+    map<string, string> oneof_vars;
+    oneof_vars["classname"] = classname_;
+    oneof_vars["oneofname"] = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name();
+    string message_class;
+
+    if (use_dependent_base_) {
+      oneof_vars["tmpl"] = "template<class T>\n";
+      oneof_vars["inline"] = "inline ";
+      oneof_vars["dependent_classname"] =
+          DependentBaseClassTemplateName(descriptor_) + "<T>";
+      oneof_vars["this_message"] = "reinterpret_cast<T*>(this)->";
+      message_class = "T::";
+    } else {
+      oneof_vars["tmpl"] = "";
+      oneof_vars["inline"] = "";
+      oneof_vars["dependent_classname"] = classname_;
+      oneof_vars["this_message"] = "";
+    }
+
+    printer->Print(oneof_vars,
+        "$tmpl$"
+        "$inline$"
+        "void $dependent_classname$::clear_$oneofname$() {\n");
     printer->Indent();
-    printer->Print(
-        "switch($oneofname$_case()) {\n",
-        "oneofname", descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name());
+    printer->Print(oneof_vars,
+        "switch($this_message$$oneofname$_case()) {\n");
     printer->Indent();
     for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
       const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
       printer->Print(
-          "case k$field_name$: {\n",
+          "case $message_class$k$field_name$: {\n",
+          "message_class", message_class,
           "field_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true));
       printer->Indent();
       // We clear only allocated objects in oneofs
@@ -2212,16 +2524,20 @@ GenerateOneofClear(io::Printer* printer) {
           "}\n");
     }
     printer->Print(
-        "case $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET: {\n"
+        "case $message_class$$cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET: {\n"
         "  break;\n"
         "}\n",
+        "message_class", message_class,
         "cap_oneof_name",
         ToUpper(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name()));
     printer->Outdent();
     printer->Print(
         "}\n"
-        "_oneof_case_[$oneof_index$] = $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET;\n",
+        "$this_message$_oneof_case_[$oneof_index$] = "
+        "$message_class$$cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET;\n",
+        "this_message", oneof_vars["this_message"],
         "oneof_index", SimpleItoa(i),
+        "message_class", message_class,
         "cap_oneof_name",
         ToUpper(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name()));
     printer->Outdent();
@@ -2332,9 +2648,9 @@ GenerateMergeFrom(io::Printer* printer) {
     // system, as the GOOGLE_CHECK above ensured that we have the same descriptor
     // for each message.
     printer->Print(
-      "const $classname$* source =\n"
-      "  ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const $classname$*>(\n"
-      "    &from);\n"
+      "const $classname$* source = \n"
+      "    ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const $classname$>(\n"
+      "        &from);\n"
       "if (source == NULL) {\n"
       "  ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);\n"
       "} else {\n"
@@ -2584,8 +2900,24 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
 
     printer->Indent();
 
+    // Find repeated messages and groups now, to simplify what follows.
+    hash_set<int> fields_with_parse_loop;
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = ordered_fields[i];
+      if (field->is_repeated() &&
+          (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE ||
+           field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP)) {
+        fields_with_parse_loop.insert(i);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // need_label is true if we generated "goto parse_$name$" while handling the
+    // previous field.
+    bool need_label = false;
     for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
       const FieldDescriptor* field = ordered_fields[i];
+      const bool loops = fields_with_parse_loop.count(i) > 0;
+      const bool next_field_loops = fields_with_parse_loop.count(i + 1) > 0;
 
       PrintFieldComment(printer, field);
 
@@ -2599,14 +2931,21 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
       printer->Print("if (tag == $commontag$) {\n",
                      "commontag", SimpleItoa(WireFormat::MakeTag(field)));
 
-      if (i > 0 || (field->is_repeated() && !field->options().packed())) {
+      if (need_label ||
+          (field->is_repeated() && !field->is_packed() && !loops)) {
         printer->Print(
-          " parse_$name$:\n",
+            " parse_$name$:\n",
+            "name", field->name());
+      }
+      if (loops) {
+        printer->Print(
+          "  DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());\n"
+          " parse_loop_$name$:\n",
           "name", field->name());
       }
 
       printer->Indent();
-      if (field->options().packed()) {
+      if (field->is_packed()) {
         field_generator.GenerateMergeFromCodedStreamWithPacking(printer);
       } else {
         field_generator.GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(printer);
@@ -2614,7 +2953,7 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
       printer->Outdent();
 
       // Emit code to parse unexpectedly packed or unpacked values.
-      if (field->is_packable() && field->options().packed()) {
+      if (field->is_packed()) {
         internal::WireFormatLite::WireType wiretype =
             WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(field->type());
         printer->Print("} else if (tag == $uncommontag$) {\n",
@@ -2624,7 +2963,7 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
         printer->Indent();
         field_generator.GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(printer);
         printer->Outdent();
-      } else if (field->is_packable() && !field->options().packed()) {
+      } else if (field->is_packable() && !field->is_packed()) {
         internal::WireFormatLite::WireType wiretype =
             internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
         printer->Print("} else if (tag == $uncommontag$) {\n",
@@ -2643,26 +2982,53 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
 
       // switch() is slow since it can't be predicted well.  Insert some if()s
       // here that attempt to predict the next tag.
-      if (field->is_repeated() && !field->options().packed()) {
-        // Expect repeats of this field.
+      // For non-packed repeated fields, expect the same tag again.
+      if (loops) {
+        printer->Print(
+          "if (input->ExpectTag($tag$)) goto parse_loop_$name$;\n",
+          "tag", SimpleItoa(WireFormat::MakeTag(field)),
+          "name", field->name());
+      } else if (field->is_repeated() && !field->is_packed()) {
         printer->Print(
           "if (input->ExpectTag($tag$)) goto parse_$name$;\n",
           "tag", SimpleItoa(WireFormat::MakeTag(field)),
           "name", field->name());
       }
 
-      if (i + 1 < descriptor_->field_count()) {
-        // Expect the next field in order.
-        const FieldDescriptor* next_field = ordered_fields[i + 1];
-        printer->Print(
-          "if (input->ExpectTag($next_tag$)) goto parse_$next_name$;\n",
-          "next_tag", SimpleItoa(WireFormat::MakeTag(next_field)),
-          "next_name", next_field->name());
-      } else {
-        // Expect EOF.
-        // TODO(kenton):  Expect group end-tag?
+      // Have we emitted "if (input->ExpectTag($next_tag$)) ..." yet?
+      bool emitted_goto_next_tag = false;
+
+      // For repeated messages/groups, we need to decrement recursion depth,
+      // unless the next tag is also for a repeated message/group.
+      if (loops) {
+        if (next_field_loops) {
+          const FieldDescriptor* next_field = ordered_fields[i + 1];
+          printer->Print(
+            "if (input->ExpectTag($next_tag$)) goto parse_loop_$next_name$;\n",
+            "next_tag", SimpleItoa(WireFormat::MakeTag(next_field)),
+            "next_name", next_field->name());
+          emitted_goto_next_tag = true;
+        }
         printer->Print(
-          "if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;\n");
+          "input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();\n");
+      }
+
+      // If there are more fields, expect the next one.
+      need_label = false;
+      if (!emitted_goto_next_tag) {
+        if (i + 1 == descriptor_->field_count()) {
+          // Expect EOF.
+          // TODO(kenton):  Expect group end-tag?
+          printer->Print(
+            "if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;\n");
+        } else {
+          const FieldDescriptor* next_field = ordered_fields[i + 1];
+          printer->Print(
+            "if (input->ExpectTag($next_tag$)) goto parse_$next_name$;\n",
+            "next_tag", SimpleItoa(WireFormat::MakeTag(next_field)),
+            "next_name", next_field->name());
+          need_label = true;
+        }
       }
 
       printer->Print(
@@ -2923,8 +3289,8 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesBody(io::Printer* printer, bool to_array) {
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_range_count(); ++i) {
     sorted_extensions.push_back(descriptor_->extension_range(i));
   }
-  sort(sorted_extensions.begin(), sorted_extensions.end(),
-       ExtensionRangeSorter());
+  std::sort(sorted_extensions.begin(), sorted_extensions.end(),
+            ExtensionRangeSorter());
 
   // Merge the fields and the extension ranges, both sorted by field number.
   int i, j;
@@ -2998,9 +3364,7 @@ static string ConditionalToCheckBitmasks(const vector<uint32>& masks) {
   vector<string> parts;
   for (int i = 0; i < masks.size(); i++) {
     if (masks[i] == 0) continue;
-    char buffer[kFastToBufferSize];
-    FastHex32ToBuffer(masks[i], buffer);
-    string m = StrCat("0x", buffer);
+    string m = StrCat("0x", strings::Hex(masks[i], strings::ZERO_PAD_8));
     // Each xor evaluates to 0 if the expected bits are present.
     parts.push_back(StrCat("((_has_bits_[", i, "] & ", m, ") ^ ", m, ")"));
   }
@@ -3146,7 +3510,7 @@ GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) {
         } else {
           if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
             printer->Print(
-              "if (_has_bits_[$index$ / 32] & $mask$) {\n",
+              "if (_has_bits_[$index$ / 32] & $mask$u) {\n",
               "index", SimpleItoa(i),
               "mask", SimpleItoa(mask));
             printer->Indent();
@@ -3292,11 +3656,10 @@ GenerateIsInitialized(io::Printer* printer) {
       }
 
       if (mask != 0) {
-        char buffer[kFastToBufferSize];
         printer->Print(
           "if ((_has_bits_[$i$] & 0x$mask$) != 0x$mask$) return false;\n",
           "i", SimpleItoa(i),
-          "mask", FastHex32ToBuffer(mask, buffer));
+          "mask", StrCat(strings::Hex(mask, strings::ZERO_PAD_8)));
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h
index dfbc9af5..23dad10c 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ class MessageGenerator {
   // Header stuff.
 
   // Generate foward declarations for this class and all its nested types.
-  void GenerateForwardDeclaration(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateMessageForwardDeclaration(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateEnumForwardDeclaration(io::Printer* printer);
 
   // Generate definitions of all nested enums (must come before class
   // definitions because those classes use the enums definitions).
@@ -82,7 +83,10 @@ class MessageGenerator {
 
   // Generate definitions of inline methods (placed at the end of the header
   // file).
-  void GenerateInlineMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateInlineMethods(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline);
+
+  // Dependent methods are always inline.
+  void GenerateDependentInlineMethods(io::Printer* printer);
 
   // Source file stuff.
 
@@ -115,8 +119,11 @@ class MessageGenerator {
 
  private:
   // Generate declarations and definitions of accessors for fields.
+  void GenerateDependentBaseClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDependentFieldAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer);
   void GenerateFieldAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer);
-  void GenerateFieldAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDependentFieldAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateFieldAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline);
 
   // Generate the field offsets array.
   void GenerateOffsets(io::Printer* printer);
@@ -158,6 +165,21 @@ class MessageGenerator {
       bool unbounded);
 
 
+  // Generates has_foo() functions and variables for singular field has-bits.
+  void GenerateSingularFieldHasBits(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    map<string, string> vars,
+                                    io::Printer* printer);
+  // Generates has_foo() functions and variables for oneof field has-bits.
+  void GenerateOneofHasBits(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline);
+  // Generates has_foo_bar() functions for oneof members.
+  void GenerateOneofMemberHasBits(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                  const map<string, string>& vars,
+                                  io::Printer* printer);
+  // Generates the clear_foo() method for a field.
+  void GenerateFieldClear(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                          const map<string, string>& vars,
+                          io::Printer* printer);
+
   const Descriptor* descriptor_;
   string classname_;
   Options options_;
@@ -168,6 +190,7 @@ class MessageGenerator {
   google::protobuf::scoped_array<google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<ExtensionGenerator> > extension_generators_;
   int num_required_fields_;
   bool uses_string_;
+  bool use_dependent_base_;
 
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageGenerator);
 };
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc
index b3cd0ba1..ba318d10 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
 MessageFieldGenerator::
 MessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
                       const Options& options)
-  : descriptor_(descriptor) {
+  : descriptor_(descriptor),
+    dependent_field_(options.proto_h && IsFieldDependent(descriptor)) {
   SetMessageVariables(descriptor, &variables_, options);
 }
 
@@ -84,77 +85,152 @@ GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
 }
 
 void MessageFieldGenerator::
+GenerateDependentAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::
 GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+       "private:\n"
+       "void _slow_mutable_$name$()$deprecation$;\n");
+    if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_->message_type())) {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+       "void _slow_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
+       "    ::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena, $type$** $name$)$deprecation$;\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+       "$type$* _slow_$release_name$()$deprecation$;\n"
+       "public:\n");
+  }
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const $type$& $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline $type$* mutable_$name$()$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline $type$* $release_name$()$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void set_allocated_$name$($type$* $name$)$deprecation$;\n");
+    "const $type$& $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
+    "$type$* mutable_$name$()$deprecation$;\n"
+    "$type$* $release_name$()$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void set_allocated_$name$($type$* $name$)$deprecation$;\n");
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
-      "inline $type$* unsafe_arena_release_$name$()$deprecation$;\n"
-      "inline void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
+      "$type$* unsafe_arena_release_$name$()$deprecation$;\n"
+      "void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
       "    $type$* $name$)$deprecation$;\n");
   }
 }
 
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "void $classname$::_slow_mutable_$name$() {\n");
+      if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_->message_type())) {
+        printer->Print(variables_,
+        "  $name$_ = ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< $type$ >(\n"
+      "        GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+      } else {
+        printer->Print(variables_,
+         "  $name$_ = ::google::protobuf::Arena::Create< $type$ >(\n"
+         "     GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+      }
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "}\n"
+      "$type$* $classname$::_slow_$release_name$() {\n"
+      "  if ($name$_ == NULL) {\n"
+      "    return NULL;\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    $type$* temp = new $type$;\n"
+      "    temp->MergeFrom(*$name$_);\n"
+      "    $name$_ = NULL;\n"
+      "    return temp;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "$type$* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
+      "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
+      "  $type$* temp = $name$_;\n"
+      "  $name$_ = NULL;\n"
+      "  return temp;\n"
+      "}\n");
+    if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_->message_type())) {
+      // NOTE: the same logic is mirrored in weak_message_field.cc. Any
+      // arena-related semantics changes should be made in both places.
+        printer->Print(variables_,
+          "void $classname$::_slow_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
+          "    ::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena, $type$** $name$) {\n"
+          "    if (message_arena != NULL && \n"
+          "        ::google::protobuf::Arena::GetArena(*$name$) == NULL) {\n"
+          "      message_arena->Own(*$name$);\n"
+          "    } else if (message_arena !=\n"
+          "               ::google::protobuf::Arena::GetArena(*$name$)) {\n"
+          "      $type$* new_$name$ = \n"
+          "            ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< $type$ >(\n"
+          "            message_arena);\n"
+          "      new_$name$->CopyFrom(**$name$);\n"
+          "      *$name$ = new_$name$;\n"
+          "    }\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
+      "    $type$* $name$) {\n"
+      // If we're not on an arena, free whatever we were holding before.
+      // (If we are on arena, we can just forget the earlier pointer.)
+      "  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL) {\n"
+      "    delete $name$_;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  $name$_ = $name$;\n"
+      "  if ($name$) {\n"
+      "    $set_hasbit$\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    $clear_hasbit$\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated"
+      ":$full_name$)\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
 void MessageFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const $type$& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+GenerateDependentInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ const $type$& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n");
 
   PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-    variables_, descriptor_->file(), printer,
+    variables, descriptor_->file(), printer,
     // With static initializers.
     "  return $name$_ != NULL ? *$name$_ : *default_instance_->$name$_;\n",
     // Without.
     "  return $name$_ != NULL ? *$name$_ : *default_instance().$name$_;\n");
 
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
+    printer->Print(variables,
       "}\n"
-      "inline $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
-      "  if ($name$_ == NULL) {\n");
-    if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_->message_type())) {
-      printer->Print(variables_,
-      "    $name$_ = ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< $type$ >(\n"
-      "        GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
-    } else {
-      printer->Print(variables_,
-       "    $name$_ = ::google::protobuf::Arena::Create< $type$ >(\n"
-       "        GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
-    }
-    printer->Print(variables_, "  }\n"
+      "  if ($name$_ == NULL) {\n"
+      "    _slow_mutable_$name$();"
+      "  }\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $name$_;\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline $type$* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ $type$* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
       "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
       "  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {\n"
-      "    if ($name$_ == NULL) {\n"
-      "      return NULL;\n"
-      "    } else {\n"
-      "      $type$* temp = new $type$;\n"
-      "      temp->MergeFrom(*$name$_);\n"
-      "      $name$_ = NULL;\n"
-      "      return temp;\n"
-      "    }\n"
+      "    return _slow_$release_name$();\n"
       "  } else {\n"
       "    $type$* temp = $name$_;\n"
       "    $name$_ = NULL;\n"
       "    return temp;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline $type$* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
-      "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
-      "  $type$* temp = $name$_;\n"
-      "  $name$_ = NULL;\n"
-      "  return temp;\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$($type$* $name$) {\n"
-      "  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$($type$* $name$) {\n"
+      "  ::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();\n"
+      "  if (message_arena == NULL) {\n"
       "    delete $name$_;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "  if ($name$ != NULL) {\n");
@@ -164,26 +240,15 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       // so we might as well defer it. Otherwise, if incoming message is on a
       // different ownership domain (specific arena, or the heap) than we are,
       // copy to our arena (or heap, as the case may be).
-      printer->Print(variables_,
-        "    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL && \n"
-        "        ::google::protobuf::Arena::GetArena($name$) == NULL) {\n"
-        "      GetArenaNoVirtual()->Own($name$);\n"
-        "    } else if (GetArenaNoVirtual() !=\n"
-        "               ::google::protobuf::Arena::GetArena($name$)) {\n"
-        "      $type$* new_$name$ = \n"
-        "            ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< $type$ >(\n"
-        "            GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
-        "      new_$name$->CopyFrom(*$name$);\n"
-        "      $name$ = new_$name$;\n"
-        "    }\n");
+      printer->Print(variables,
+        "    _slow_set_allocated_$name$(message_arena, &$name$);\n");
     } else {
-      printer->Print(variables_,
-        "    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {\n"
-        "      GetArenaNoVirtual()->Own($name$);\n"
+      printer->Print(variables,
+        "    if (message_arena != NULL) {\n"
+        "      message_arena->Own($name$);\n"
         "    }\n");
     }
-
-    printer->Print(variables_,
+    printer->Print(variables,
       "  }\n"
       "  $name$_ = $name$;\n"
       "  if ($name$) {\n"
@@ -192,27 +257,11 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "    $clear_hasbit$\n"
       "  }\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
-      "    $type$* $name$) {\n"
-      // If we're not on an arena, free whatever we were holding before.
-      // (If we are on arena, we can just forget the earlier pointer.)
-      "  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL) {\n"
-      "    delete $name$_;\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "  $name$_ = $name$;\n"
-      "  if ($name$) {\n"
-      "    $set_hasbit$\n"
-      "  } else {\n"
-      "    $clear_hasbit$\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated"
-      ":$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n");
   } else {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
+    printer->Print(variables,
       "}\n"
-      "inline $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  if ($name$_ == NULL) {\n"
       "    $name$_ = new $type$;\n"
@@ -220,17 +269,17 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $name$_;\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline $type$* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ $type$* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
       "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
       "  $type$* temp = $name$_;\n"
       "  $name$_ = NULL;\n"
       "  return temp;\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$($type$* $name$) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$($type$* $name$) {\n"
       "  delete $name$_;\n");
 
     if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_->message_type())) {
-      printer->Print(variables_,
+      printer->Print(variables,
       "  if ($name$ != NULL && $name$->GetArena() != NULL) {\n"
       "    $type$* new_$name$ = new $type$;\n"
       "    new_$name$->CopyFrom(*$name$);\n"
@@ -238,7 +287,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "  }\n");
     }
 
-    printer->Print(variables_,
+    printer->Print(variables,
       "  $name$_ = $name$;\n"
       "  if ($name$) {\n"
       "    $set_hasbit$\n"
@@ -256,7 +305,7 @@ GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
     // If we don't have has-bits, message presence is indicated only by ptr !=
     // NULL. Thus on clear, we need to delete the object.
     printer->Print(variables_,
-      "if ($name$_ != NULL) delete $name$_;\n"
+      "if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && $name$_ != NULL) delete $name$_;\n"
       "$name$_ = NULL;\n");
   } else {
     printer->Print(variables_,
@@ -328,35 +377,42 @@ MessageOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
 MessageOneofFieldGenerator::~MessageOneofFieldGenerator() {}
 
 void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
+GenerateDependentInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "inline const $type$& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+    printer->Print(variables,
+      "$inline$ const $type$& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return has_$name$() ? *$oneof_prefix$$name$_\n"
       "                      : $type$::default_instance();\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    set_has_$name$();\n");
     if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_->message_type())) {
-      printer->Print(variables_,
+      printer->Print(variables,
          "    $oneof_prefix$$name$_ = \n"
          "      ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< $type$ >(\n"
          "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
     } else {
-      printer->Print(variables_,
+      printer->Print(variables,
          "    $oneof_prefix$$name$_ = \n"
          "      ::google::protobuf::Arena::Create< $type$ >(\n"
          "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
     }
-    printer->Print(variables_,
+    printer->Print(variables,
       "  }\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $oneof_prefix$$name$_;\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline $type$* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ $type$* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {\n"
@@ -375,7 +431,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "    return NULL;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline $type$* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ $type$* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    $type$* temp = $oneof_prefix$$name$_;\n"
@@ -385,12 +441,12 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "    return NULL;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$($type$* $name$) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$($type$* $name$) {\n"
       "  clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "  if ($name$) {\n");
 
     if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_->message_type())) {
-      printer->Print(variables_,
+      printer->Print(variables,
         // If incoming message is on the heap and we are on an arena, just Own()
         // it (see above). If it's on a different arena than we are or one of us
         // is on the heap, we make a copy to our arena/heap.
@@ -406,19 +462,19 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
         "      $name$ = new_$name$;\n"
         "    }\n");
     } else {
-      printer->Print(variables_,
+      printer->Print(variables,
         "    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {\n"
         "      GetArenaNoVirtual()->Own($name$);\n"
         "    }\n");
     }
 
-    printer->Print(variables_,
+    printer->Print(variables,
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
       "    $oneof_prefix$$name$_ = $name$;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$("
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$("
       "$type$* $name$) {\n"
       // We rely on the oneof clear method to free the earlier contents of this
       // oneof. We can directly use the pointer we're given to set the new
@@ -432,13 +488,13 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n");
   } else {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "inline const $type$& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+    printer->Print(variables,
+      "$inline$ const $type$& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return has_$name$() ? *$oneof_prefix$$name$_\n"
       "                      : $type$::default_instance();\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -447,7 +503,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $oneof_prefix$$name$_;\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline $type$* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ $type$* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    $type$* temp = $oneof_prefix$$name$_;\n"
@@ -457,18 +513,18 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "    return NULL;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$($type$* $name$) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$($type$* $name$) {\n"
       "  clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "  if ($name$) {\n");
     if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_->message_type())) {
-      printer->Print(variables_,
+      printer->Print(variables,
         "    if ($name$->GetArena() != NULL) {\n"
         "      $type$* new_$name$ = new $type$;\n"
         "      new_$name$->CopyFrom(*$name$);\n"
         "      $name$ = new_$name$;\n"
         "    }\n");
     }
-    printer->Print(variables_,
+    printer->Print(variables,
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
       "    $oneof_prefix$$name$_ = $name$;\n"
       "  }\n"
@@ -519,40 +575,51 @@ GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
 }
 
 void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::
+GenerateDependentAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::
 GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const $type$& $name$(int index) const$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline $type$* mutable_$name$(int index)$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline $type$* add_$name$()$deprecation$;\n");
+    "const $type$& $name$(int index) const$deprecation$;\n"
+    "$type$* mutable_$name$(int index)$deprecation$;\n"
+    "$type$* add_$name$()$deprecation$;\n");
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ >&\n"
+    "const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ >&\n"
     "    $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ >*\n"
+    "::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ >*\n"
     "    mutable_$name$()$deprecation$;\n");
 }
 
 void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const $type$& $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
+GenerateDependentInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ const $type$& $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_.$cppget$(index);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$(int index) {\n"
+    "$inline$ $type$* $classname$::mutable_$name$(int index) {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_.Mutable(index);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline $type$* $classname$::add_$name$() {\n"
+    "$inline$ $type$* $classname$::add_$name$() {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_.Add();\n"
     "}\n");
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ >&\n"
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ >&\n"
     "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_;\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ >*\n"
+    "$inline$ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< $type$ >*\n"
     "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return &$name$_;\n"
@@ -583,11 +650,13 @@ void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::
 GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) const {
   if (descriptor_->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
-      "DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(\n"
+      "DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::"
+      "ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(\n"
       "      input, add_$name$()));\n");
   } else {
     printer->Print(variables_,
-      "DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadGroupNoVirtual(\n"
+      "DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::"
+      "ReadGroupNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(\n"
       "      $number$, input, add_$name$()));\n");
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h
index 2dff3144..9ddf9643 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.h
@@ -52,8 +52,12 @@ class MessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
 
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
   void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDependentAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDependentInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
+  void GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
@@ -65,6 +69,7 @@ class MessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
 
  protected:
   const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  const bool dependent_field_;
   map<string, string> variables_;
 
  private:
@@ -78,7 +83,10 @@ class MessageOneofFieldGenerator : public MessageFieldGenerator {
   ~MessageOneofFieldGenerator();
 
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDependentInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
+  void GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {}
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
@@ -95,8 +103,11 @@ class RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
 
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
   void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDependentAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDependentInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h
index 0c99cff1..4463f200 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_options.h
@@ -41,12 +41,13 @@ namespace protobuf {
 namespace compiler {
 namespace cpp {
 
-// Generator options:
+// Generator options (see generator.cc for a description of each):
 struct Options {
-  Options() : safe_boundary_check(false) {
+  Options() : safe_boundary_check(false), proto_h(false) {
   }
   string dllexport_decl;
   bool safe_boundary_check;
+  bool proto_h;
 };
 
 }  // namespace cpp
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc
index 9a2c930e..9f929d37 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc
@@ -117,18 +117,20 @@ GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::
 GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline $type$ $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void set_$name$($type$ value)$deprecation$;\n");
+    "$type$ $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void set_$name$($type$ value)$deprecation$;\n");
 }
 
 void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_;\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
     "  $set_hasbit$\n"
     "  $name$_ = value;\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
@@ -204,16 +206,18 @@ PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
 PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator() {}
 
 void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
     "    return $oneof_prefix$$name$_;\n"
     "  }\n"
     "  return $default$;\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
     "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
     "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
     "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -258,7 +262,7 @@ RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
   : descriptor_(descriptor) {
   SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, &variables_, options);
 
-  if (descriptor->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor->is_packed()) {
     variables_["packed_reader"] = "ReadPackedPrimitive";
     variables_["repeated_reader"] = "ReadRepeatedPrimitiveNoInline";
   } else {
@@ -273,7 +277,7 @@ void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::
 GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
     "::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ > $name$_;\n");
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed() && HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->file())) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed() && HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->file())) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "mutable int _$name$_cached_byte_size_;\n");
   }
@@ -282,38 +286,40 @@ GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::
 GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline $type$ $name$(int index) const$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void set_$name$(int index, $type$ value)$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void add_$name$($type$ value)$deprecation$;\n");
+    "$type$ $name$(int index) const$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void set_$name$(int index, $type$ value)$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void add_$name$($type$ value)$deprecation$;\n");
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ >&\n"
+    "const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ >&\n"
     "    $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ >*\n"
+    "::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ >*\n"
     "    mutable_$name$()$deprecation$;\n");
 }
 
 void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline $type$ $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ $type$ $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_.Get(index);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, $type$ value) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Set(index, value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void $classname$::add_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "$inline$ void $classname$::add_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Add(value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n");
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ >&\n"
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ >&\n"
     "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_;\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ >*\n"
+    "$inline$ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ >*\n"
     "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return &$name$_;\n"
@@ -358,7 +364,7 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStreamWithPacking(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
 void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::
 GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizes(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     // Write the tag and the size.
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "if (this->$name$_size() > 0) {\n"
@@ -371,7 +377,7 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizes(io::Printer* printer) const {
   }
   printer->Print(variables_,
       "for (int i = 0; i < this->$name$_size(); i++) {\n");
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "  ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Write$declared_type$NoTag(\n"
       "    this->$name$(i), output);\n");
@@ -385,7 +391,7 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizes(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
 void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::
 GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     // Write the tag and the size.
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "if (this->$name$_size() > 0) {\n"
@@ -399,7 +405,7 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const {
   }
   printer->Print(variables_,
       "for (int i = 0; i < this->$name$_size(); i++) {\n");
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "  target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::\n"
       "    Write$declared_type$NoTagToArray(this->$name$(i), target);\n");
@@ -429,7 +435,7 @@ GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "data_size = $fixed_size$ * this->$name$_size();\n");
   }
 
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "if (data_size > 0) {\n"
       "  total_size += $tag_size$ +\n"
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h
index 97b5e867..fcd7d684 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ class PrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
   void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
@@ -78,7 +79,8 @@ class PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator : public PrimitiveFieldGenerator {
   ~PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator();
 
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
@@ -97,7 +99,8 @@ class RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
   void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.cc
index a8f303da..226c2aa0 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_service.cc
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ void ServiceGenerator::GenerateGetPrototype(RequestOrResponse which,
   printer->Print(vars_,
     "    default:\n"
     "      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << \"Bad method index; this should never happen.\";\n"
-    "      return *reinterpret_cast< ::google::protobuf::Message*>(NULL);\n"
+    "      return *static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Message*>(NULL);\n"
     "  }\n"
     "}\n"
     "\n");
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc
index 04ed08c9..1a3896a1 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc
@@ -127,7 +127,11 @@ GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
   // files that applied the ctype.  The field can still be accessed via the
   // reflection interface since the reflection interface is independent of
   // the string's underlying representation.
-  if (descriptor_->options().ctype() != FieldOptions::STRING) {
+
+  bool unknown_ctype =
+      descriptor_->options().ctype() != EffectiveStringCType(descriptor_);
+
+  if (unknown_ctype) {
     printer->Outdent();
     printer->Print(
       " private:\n"
@@ -136,23 +140,23 @@ GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
   }
 
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const ::std::string& $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void set_$name$(const ::std::string& value)$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void set_$name$(const char* value)$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size)"
+    "const ::std::string& $name$() const$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void set_$name$(const ::std::string& value)$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void set_$name$(const char* value)$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size)"
                  "$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline ::std::string* mutable_$name$()$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline ::std::string* $release_name$()$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$)$deprecation$;\n");
+    "::std::string* mutable_$name$()$deprecation$;\n"
+    "::std::string* $release_name$()$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$)$deprecation$;\n");
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
-      "inline ::std::string* unsafe_arena_release_$name$()$deprecation$;\n"
-      "inline void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
+      "::std::string* unsafe_arena_release_$name$()$deprecation$;\n"
+      "void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
       "    ::std::string* $name$)$deprecation$;\n");
   }
 
 
-  if (descriptor_->options().ctype() != FieldOptions::STRING) {
+  if (unknown_ctype) {
     printer->Outdent();
     printer->Print(" public:\n");
     printer->Indent();
@@ -160,25 +164,28 @@ GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
 }
 
 void StringFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "inline const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+    printer->Print(variables,
+      "$inline$ const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $name$_.Get($default_variable$);\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  $name$_.Set($default_variable$, value, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  $name$_.Set($default_variable$, $string_piece$(value),\n"
       "              GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline "
+      "$inline$ "
       "void $classname$::set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value,\n"
       "    size_t size) {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
@@ -186,22 +193,22 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $name$_.Mutable($default_variable$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline ::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
       "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
       "  return $name$_.Release($default_variable$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline ::std::string* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
       "  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);\n"
       "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
       "  return $name$_.UnsafeArenaRelease($default_variable$,\n"
       "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
       "  if ($name$ != NULL) {\n"
       "    $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  } else {\n"
@@ -211,7 +218,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
       "    ::std::string* $name$) {\n"
       "  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);\n"
       "  if ($name$ != NULL) {\n"
@@ -219,29 +226,28 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "  } else {\n"
       "    $clear_hasbit$\n"
       "  }\n"
-      "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  $name$_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated($default_variable$,\n"
       "      $name$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n");
   } else {
     // No-arena case.
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "inline const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+    printer->Print(variables,
+      "$inline$ const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $name$_.GetNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  $name$_.SetNoArena($default_variable$, value);\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  $name$_.SetNoArena($default_variable$, $string_piece$(value));\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline "
+      "$inline$ "
       "void $classname$::set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, "
       "size_t size) {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
@@ -249,16 +255,16 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "      $string_piece$(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $name$_.MutableNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline ::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
       "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
       "  return $name$_.ReleaseNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
       "  if ($name$ != NULL) {\n"
       "    $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  } else {\n"
@@ -422,17 +428,20 @@ StringOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
 StringOneofFieldGenerator::~StringOneofFieldGenerator() {}
 
 void StringOneofFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "inline const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+    printer->Print(variables,
+      "$inline$ const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    return $oneof_prefix$$name$_.Get($default_variable$);\n"
       "  }\n"
       "  return *$default_variable$;\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -442,7 +451,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -452,7 +461,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "      $string_piece$(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline "
+      "$inline$ "
       "void $classname$::set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value,\n"
       "                             size_t size) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
@@ -465,7 +474,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -475,7 +484,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline ::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    return $oneof_prefix$$name$_.Release($default_variable$,\n"
@@ -484,7 +493,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "    return NULL;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline ::std::string* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
       "  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
@@ -494,7 +503,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "    return NULL;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    $oneof_prefix$$name$_.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
       "  }\n"
@@ -506,7 +515,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "  }\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$("
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$("
       "::std::string* $name$) {\n"
       "  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
@@ -522,15 +531,15 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "}\n");
   } else {
     // No-arena case.
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "inline const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+    printer->Print(variables,
+      "$inline$ const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    return $oneof_prefix$$name$_.GetNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
       "  }\n"
       "  return *$default_variable$;\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
@@ -540,7 +549,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "  $oneof_prefix$$name$_.SetNoArena($default_variable$, value);\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -550,7 +559,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "      $string_piece$(value));\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline "
+      "$inline$ "
       "void $classname$::set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
@@ -561,7 +570,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -570,7 +579,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $oneof_prefix$$name$_.MutableNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline ::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    return $oneof_prefix$$name$_.ReleaseNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
@@ -578,7 +587,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "    return NULL;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "}\n"
-      "inline void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
+      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    $oneof_prefix$$name$_.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
       "  }\n"
@@ -670,7 +679,10 @@ GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::
 GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
   // See comment above about unknown ctypes.
-  if (descriptor_->options().ctype() != FieldOptions::STRING) {
+  bool unknown_ctype =
+      descriptor_->options().ctype() != EffectiveStringCType(descriptor_);
+
+  if (unknown_ctype) {
     printer->Outdent();
     printer->Print(
       " private:\n"
@@ -679,26 +691,26 @@ GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
   }
 
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const ::std::string& $name$(int index) const$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline ::std::string* mutable_$name$(int index)$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void set_$name$(int index, const ::std::string& value)$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void set_$name$(int index, const char* value)$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline "
+    "const ::std::string& $name$(int index) const$deprecation$;\n"
+    "::std::string* mutable_$name$(int index)$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void set_$name$(int index, const ::std::string& value)$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void set_$name$(int index, const char* value)$deprecation$;\n"
+    ""
     "void set_$name$(int index, const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size)"
                  "$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline ::std::string* add_$name$()$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void add_$name$(const ::std::string& value)$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void add_$name$(const char* value)$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline void add_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size)"
+    "::std::string* add_$name$()$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void add_$name$(const ::std::string& value)$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void add_$name$(const char* value)$deprecation$;\n"
+    "void add_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size)"
                  "$deprecation$;\n");
 
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>& $name$() const"
+    "const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>& $name$() const"
                  "$deprecation$;\n"
-    "inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>* mutable_$name$()"
+    "::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>* mutable_$name$()"
                  "$deprecation$;\n");
 
-  if (descriptor_->options().ctype() != FieldOptions::STRING) {
+  if (unknown_ctype) {
     printer->Outdent();
     printer->Print(" public:\n");
     printer->Indent();
@@ -706,54 +718,57 @@ GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
 }
 
 void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::
-GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
+GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                  bool is_inline) const {
+  map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_.$cppget$(index);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$(int index) {\n"
+    "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$(int index) {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_.Mutable(index);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, const ::std::string& value) {\n"
+    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, const ::std::string& value) {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
     "  $name$_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, const char* value) {\n"
+    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, const char* value) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void "
+    "$inline$ void "
     "$classname$::set_$name$"
     "(int index, const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Mutable(index)->assign(\n"
     "    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline ::std::string* $classname$::add_$name$() {\n"
+    "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::add_$name$() {\n"
     "  return $name$_.Add();\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void $classname$::add_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
+    "$inline$ void $classname$::add_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Add()->assign(value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void $classname$::add_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+    "$inline$ void $classname$::add_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Add()->assign(value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline void "
+    "$inline$ void "
     "$classname$::add_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n");
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&\n"
+  printer->Print(variables,
+    "$inline$ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&\n"
     "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_;\n"
     "}\n"
-    "inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*\n"
+    "$inline$ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*\n"
     "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return &$name$_;\n"
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h
index 0a5ca440..d1f19cd9 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ class StringFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateStaticMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
@@ -83,7 +84,8 @@ class StringOneofFieldGenerator : public StringFieldGenerator {
   ~StringOneofFieldGenerator();
 
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
@@ -103,7 +105,8 @@ class RepeatedStringFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
   void GeneratePrivateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
-  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.proto b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.proto
index 4fa3c144..4e25b2ea 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_bad_identifiers.proto
@@ -131,6 +131,24 @@ message TestConflictingSymbolNamesExtension {                    // NO_PROTO3
   }                                                              // NO_PROTO3
 }                                                                // NO_PROTO3
 
+message TestConflictingEnumNames {  // NO_PROTO3
+  enum NestedConflictingEnum {      // NO_PROTO3
+    and = 1;                        // NO_PROTO3
+    class = 2;                      // NO_PROTO3
+    int = 3;                        // NO_PROTO3
+    typedef = 4;                    // NO_PROTO3
+    XOR = 5;                        // NO_PROTO3
+  }                                 // NO_PROTO3
+
+  optional NestedConflictingEnum conflicting_enum = 1;  // NO_PROTO3
+}  // NO_PROTO3
+
+enum ConflictingEnum {  // NO_PROTO3
+  NOT_EQ = 1;           // NO_PROTO3
+  volatile = 2;         // NO_PROTO3
+  return = 3;           // NO_PROTO3
+}  // NO_PROTO3
+
 message DummyMessage {}
 
 service TestConflictingMethodNames {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_large_enum_value.proto b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_large_enum_value.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb6ca1b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_large_enum_value.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test that proto2 compiler can generate valid code when the enum value
+// is INT_MAX. Note that this is a compile-only test and this proto is not
+// referenced in any C++ code.
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message TestLargeEnumValue {
+  enum EnumWithLargeValue {
+    VALUE_1 = 1;
+    VALUE_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc
index 2a04b293..bd1c0fde 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest_optimize_for.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest_embed_optimize_for.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest_no_generic_services.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h>
@@ -130,6 +131,17 @@ TEST(GeneratedDescriptorTest, IdenticalDescriptors) {
             generated_decsriptor_proto.DebugString());
 }
 
+// Test that generated code has proper descriptors:
+// Touch a descriptor generated from an enormous message to validate special
+// handling for descriptors exceeding the C++ standard's recommended minimum
+// limit for string literal size
+TEST(GeneratedDescriptorTest, EnormousDescriptor) {
+  const Descriptor* generated_descriptor =
+    TestEnormousDescriptor::descriptor();
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(generated_descriptor != NULL);
+}
+
 #endif  // !PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
 
 // ===================================================================
@@ -794,6 +806,21 @@ TEST(GeneratedMessageTest, TestConflictingSymbolNames) {
             message.GetExtension(ExtensionMessage::repeated_int32_ext, 0));
 }
 
+TEST(GeneratedMessageTest, TestConflictingEnumNames) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestConflictingEnumNames message;
+  message.set_conflicting_enum(protobuf_unittest::TestConflictingEnumNames_NestedConflictingEnum_and_);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.conflicting_enum());
+  message.set_conflicting_enum(protobuf_unittest::TestConflictingEnumNames_NestedConflictingEnum_XOR);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, message.conflicting_enum());
+
+
+  protobuf_unittest::ConflictingEnum conflicting_enum;
+  conflicting_enum = protobuf_unittest::NOT_EQ;
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, conflicting_enum);
+  conflicting_enum = protobuf_unittest::return_;
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, conflicting_enum);
+}
+
 #ifndef PROTOBUF_TEST_NO_DESCRIPTORS
 
 TEST(GeneratedMessageTest, TestOptimizedForSize) {
@@ -926,6 +953,22 @@ TEST(GeneratedMessageTest, ExtensionConstantValues) {
   EXPECT_EQ(unittest::kRepeatedNestedEnumExtensionFieldNumber, 51);
 }
 
+TEST(GeneratedMessageTest, ParseFromTruncated) {
+  const string long_string = string(128, 'q');
+  FileDescriptorProto p;
+  p.add_extension()->set_name(long_string);
+  const string msg = p.SerializeAsString();
+  int successful_count = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i <= msg.size(); i++) {
+    if (p.ParseFromArray(msg.c_str(), i)) {
+      ++successful_count;
+    }
+  }
+  // We don't really care about how often we succeeded.
+  // As long as we didn't crash, we're happy.
+  EXPECT_GE(successful_count, 1);
+}
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 TEST(GeneratedEnumTest, EnumValuesAsSwitchCases) {
@@ -1377,6 +1420,12 @@ class OneofTest : public testing::Test {
       case unittest::TestOneof2::kFooString:
         EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string());
         break;
+      case unittest::TestOneof2::kFooCord:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_cord());
+        break;
+      case unittest::TestOneof2::kFooStringPiece:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_string_piece());
+        break;
       case unittest::TestOneof2::kFooBytes:
         EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_bytes());
         break;
@@ -1389,6 +1438,9 @@ class OneofTest : public testing::Test {
       case unittest::TestOneof2::kFoogroup:
         EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foogroup());
         break;
+      case unittest::TestOneof2::kFooLazyMessage:
+        EXPECT_TRUE(message.has_foo_lazy_message());
+        break;
       case unittest::TestOneof2::FOO_NOT_SET:
         break;
     }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/test_large_enum_value.proto b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/test_large_enum_value.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb6ca1b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/test_large_enum_value.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Test that proto2 compiler can generate valid code when the enum value
+// is INT_MAX. Note that this is a compile-only test and this proto is not
+// referenced in any C++ code.
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+message TestLargeEnumValue {
+  enum EnumWithLargeValue {
+    VALUE_1 = 1;
+    VALUE_MAX = 0x7fffffff;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e8f9836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+
+using google::protobuf::internal::scoped_ptr;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+EnumGenerator::EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) :
+    SourceGeneratorBase(descriptor->file()),
+    descriptor_(descriptor) {
+}
+
+EnumGenerator::~EnumGenerator() {
+}
+
+void EnumGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print("$access_level$ enum $name$ {\n",
+                 "access_level", class_access_level(),
+                 "name", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("$name$ = $number$,\n",
+                   "name", descriptor_->value(i)->name(),
+                   "number", SimpleItoa(descriptor_->value(i)->number()));
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+  printer->Print("\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2cf2fad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_ENUM_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_ENUM_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class EnumGenerator : public SourceGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+  ~EnumGenerator();
+
+  void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const EnumDescriptor* descriptor_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EnumGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_ENUM_H__
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d38fb1ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+EnumFieldGenerator::EnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       int fieldOrdinal)
+    : PrimitiveFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal) {
+}
+
+EnumFieldGenerator::~EnumFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_ = ($type_name$) input.ReadEnum();\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  output.WriteRawTag($tag_bytes$);\n"
+    "  output.WriteEnum((int) $property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+      "  size += $tag_size$ + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) $property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum($tag$, x => (int) x, x => ($type_name$) x)");
+}
+
+EnumOneofFieldGenerator::EnumOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+						 int fieldOrdinal)
+  : PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal) {
+}
+
+EnumOneofFieldGenerator::~EnumOneofFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // TODO(jonskeet): What about if we read the default value?
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$oneof_name$_ = input.ReadEnum();\n"
+    "$oneof_name$Case_ = $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.$property_name$;\n");
+}
+
+void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  output.WriteRawTag($tag_bytes$);\n"
+    "  output.WriteEnum((int) $property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  size += $tag_size$ + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeEnumSize((int) $property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08364157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class EnumFieldGenerator : public PrimitiveFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  EnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~EnumFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EnumFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class EnumOneofFieldGenerator : public PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  EnumOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~EnumOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EnumOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd29bcf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h>
+
+using google::protobuf::internal::scoped_ptr;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::SetCommonFieldVariables(
+    map<string, string>* variables) {
+  // Note: this will be valid even though the tag emitted for packed and unpacked versions of
+  // repeated fields varies by wire format. The wire format is encoded in the bottom 3 bits, which
+  // never effects the tag size.
+  int tag_size = internal::WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor_->number(), descriptor_->type());
+  uint tag = internal::WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor_);
+  uint8 tag_array[5];
+  io::CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(tag, tag_array);
+  string tag_bytes = SimpleItoa(tag_array[0]);
+  for (int i = 1; i < tag_size; i++) {
+    tag_bytes += ", " + SimpleItoa(tag_array[i]);
+  }
+
+  (*variables)["access_level"] = class_access_level();
+  (*variables)["tag"] = SimpleItoa(tag);
+  (*variables)["tag_size"] = SimpleItoa(tag_size);
+  (*variables)["tag_bytes"] = tag_bytes;
+
+  (*variables)["property_name"] = property_name();
+  (*variables)["type_name"] = type_name();
+  (*variables)["name"] = name();
+  (*variables)["descriptor_name"] = descriptor_->name();
+  (*variables)["default_value"] = default_value();
+  if (has_default_value()) {
+    (*variables)["name_def_message"] =
+      (*variables)["name"] + "_ = " + (*variables)["default_value"];
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["name_def_message"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_";
+  }
+  (*variables)["capitalized_type_name"] = capitalized_type_name();
+  (*variables)["number"] = number();
+  (*variables)["has_property_check"] =
+    (*variables)["property_name"] + " != " + (*variables)["default_value"];
+  (*variables)["other_has_property_check"] = "other." +
+    (*variables)["property_name"] + " != " + (*variables)["default_value"];
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(
+    map<string, string>* variables) {
+  (*variables)["oneof_name"] = oneof_name();
+  (*variables)["has_property_check"] = oneof_name() + "Case_ == " + oneof_property_name() +
+    "OneofCase." + property_name();
+  (*variables)["oneof_property_name"] = oneof_property_name();
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorBase::FieldGeneratorBase(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       int fieldOrdinal)
+    : SourceGeneratorBase(descriptor->file()),
+      descriptor_(descriptor),
+      fieldOrdinal_(fieldOrdinal) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(&variables_);
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorBase::~FieldGeneratorBase() {
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // No-op: only message fields and repeated fields need
+  // special handling for freezing, so default to not generating any code.
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+    // No-op: expect this to be overridden by appropriate types.
+    // Could fail if we get called here though...
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::AddDeprecatedFlag(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (descriptor_->options().deprecated())
+  {
+    printer->Print("[global::System.ObsoleteAttribute()]\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorBase::AddPublicMemberAttributes(io::Printer* printer) {
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::oneof_property_name() {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->containing_oneof()->name(), true);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::oneof_name() {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->containing_oneof()->name(), false);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::property_name() {
+  return GetPropertyName(descriptor_);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::name() {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(GetFieldName(descriptor_), false);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::type_name() {
+  return type_name(descriptor_);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::type_name(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  switch (descriptor->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return GetClassName(descriptor->enum_type());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      if (IsWrapperType(descriptor)) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* wrapped_field = descriptor->message_type()->field(0);
+        string wrapped_field_type_name = type_name(wrapped_field);
+        // String and ByteString go to the same type; other wrapped types go to the
+        // nullable equivalent.
+        if (wrapped_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING ||
+            wrapped_field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+          return wrapped_field_type_name;
+        } else {
+          return wrapped_field_type_name + "?";
+        }
+      }
+      return GetClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return "long";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return "ulong";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return "int";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return "ulong";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return "uint";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return "bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return "string";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return "pb::ByteString";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return "uint";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return "int";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return "long";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return "int";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return "long";
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)<< "Unknown field type.";
+      return "";
+  }
+}
+
+bool FieldGeneratorBase::has_default_value() {
+  switch (descriptor_->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return true;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_double() != 0.0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_float() != 0.0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_int64() != 0L;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_uint64() != 0L;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_int32() != 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_uint64() != 0L;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_uint32() != 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_bool();
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return true;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return true;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_uint32() != 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_int32() != 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_int64() != 0L;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_int32() != 0;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return descriptor_->default_value_int64() != 0L;
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)<< "Unknown field type.";
+      return true;
+  }
+}
+
+bool FieldGeneratorBase::is_nullable_type() {
+  switch (descriptor_->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return false;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return true;
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)<< "Unknown field type.";
+      return true;
+  }
+}
+
+bool AllPrintableAscii(const std::string& text) {
+  for(int i = 0; i < text.size(); i++) {
+    if (text[i] < 0x20 || text[i] > 0x7e) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::GetStringDefaultValueInternal() {
+  // No other default values needed for proto3...
+  return "\"\"";
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::GetBytesDefaultValueInternal() {
+  // No other default values needed for proto3...
+  return "pb::ByteString.Empty";
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::default_value() {
+    return default_value(descriptor_);
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::default_value(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  switch (descriptor->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return type_name() + "." + descriptor->default_value_enum()->name();
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      if (IsWrapperType(descriptor)) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* wrapped_field = descriptor->message_type()->field(0);
+        return default_value(wrapped_field);
+      } else {
+        return "null";
+      }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      double value = descriptor->default_value_double();
+      if (value == numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+        return "double.PositiveInfinity";
+      } else if (value == -numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+        return "double.NegativeInfinity";
+      } else if (MathLimits<double>::IsNaN(value)) {
+        return "double.NaN";
+      }
+      return SimpleDtoa(value) + "D";
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      float value = descriptor->default_value_float();
+      if (value == numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) {
+        return "float.PositiveInfinity";
+      } else if (value == -numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) {
+        return "float.NegativeInfinity";
+      } else if (MathLimits<float>::IsNaN(value)) {
+        return "float.NaN";
+      }
+      return SimpleFtoa(value) + "F";
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_int64()) + "L";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_uint64()) + "UL";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_int32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_uint64()) + "UL";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_uint32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      if (descriptor->default_value_bool()) {
+        return "true";
+      } else {
+        return "false";
+      }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return GetStringDefaultValueInternal();
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return GetBytesDefaultValueInternal();
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_uint32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_int32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_int64()) + "L";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_int32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_int64()) + "L";
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)<< "Unknown field type.";
+      return "";
+  }
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::number() {
+  return SimpleItoa(descriptor_->number());
+}
+
+std::string FieldGeneratorBase::capitalized_type_name() {
+  switch (descriptor_->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return "Enum";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "Message";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return "Group";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "Double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "Float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return "Int64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return "UInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return "Int32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return "Fixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return "Fixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return "Bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return "String";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return "Bytes";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return "UInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return "SFixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return "SFixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return "SInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return "SInt64";
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)<< "Unknown field type.";
+      return "";
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d83543bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_FIELD_BASE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_FIELD_BASE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class FieldGeneratorBase : public SourceGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  FieldGeneratorBase(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~FieldGeneratorBase();
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  // Currently unused, as we use reflection to generate JSON
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  const int fieldOrdinal_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+
+  void AddDeprecatedFlag(io::Printer* printer);
+  void AddNullCheck(io::Printer* printer);
+  void AddNullCheck(io::Printer* printer, const std::string& name);
+
+  void AddPublicMemberAttributes(io::Printer* printer);
+  void SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(map<string, string>* variables);
+
+  std::string oneof_property_name();
+  std::string oneof_name();
+  std::string property_name();
+  std::string name();
+  std::string type_name();
+  std::string type_name(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  bool has_default_value();
+  bool is_nullable_type();
+  std::string default_value();
+  std::string default_value(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  std::string number();
+  std::string capitalized_type_name();
+
+ private:
+  void SetCommonFieldVariables(map<string, string>* variables);
+  std::string GetStringDefaultValueInternal();
+  std::string GetBytesDefaultValueInternal();
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FieldGeneratorBase);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_FIELD_BASE_H__
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e0a6c83a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_umbrella_class.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+
+using google::protobuf::internal::scoped_ptr;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+std::string GetOutputFile(const google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file, const std::string file_extension)
+{
+  return GetUmbrellaClassUnqualifiedName(file) + file_extension;
+}
+
+void GenerateFile(const google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file,
+                  io::Printer* printer) {
+  UmbrellaClassGenerator umbrellaGenerator(file);
+  umbrellaGenerator.Generate(printer);
+}
+
+bool Generator::Generate(
+    const FileDescriptor* file,
+    const string& parameter,
+    GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+    string* error) const {
+
+  vector<pair<string, string> > options;
+  ParseGeneratorParameter(parameter, &options);
+
+  // We only support proto3 - but we make an exception for descriptor.proto.
+  if (file->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3 && !IsDescriptorProto(file)) {
+    *error = "C# code generation only supports proto3 syntax";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  std::string file_extension = ".cs";
+  for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
+    if (options[i].first == "file_extension") {
+      file_extension = options[i].second;
+    } else {
+      *error = "Unknown generator option: " + options[i].first;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string filename = GetOutputFile(file, file_extension);
+  scoped_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+      generator_context->Open(filename));
+  io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+
+  GenerateFile(file, &printer);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b54e914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT Generator
+    : public google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGenerator {
+  virtual bool Generate(
+      const FileDescriptor* file,
+      const string& parameter,
+      GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+      string* error) const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_GENERATOR_H__
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7ef7df42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+namespace {
+
+// TODO(jtattermusch): add some tests.
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d25dcba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <limits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+CSharpType GetCSharpType(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_INT32;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_INT64;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_UINT32;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_UINT32;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_INT32;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_INT64;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_UINT32;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_UINT64;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_INT32;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_INT64;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_FLOAT;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_DOUBLE;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_BOOL;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_ENUM;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_STRING;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_BYTESTRING;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_MESSAGE;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return CSHARPTYPE_MESSAGE;
+
+      // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+      // types are added.
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)<< "Can't get here.";
+  return (CSharpType) -1;
+}
+
+std::string StripDotProto(const std::string& proto_file) {
+  int lastindex = proto_file.find_last_of(".");
+  return proto_file.substr(0, lastindex);
+}
+
+std::string GetFileNamespace(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  if (descriptor->options().has_csharp_namespace()) {
+    return descriptor->options().csharp_namespace();
+  }
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor->package(), true, true);
+}
+
+std::string GetUmbrellaClassUnqualifiedName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // umbrella_classname can no longer be set using message option.
+  std::string proto_file = descriptor->name();
+  int lastslash = proto_file.find_last_of("/");
+  std::string base = proto_file.substr(lastslash + 1);
+  return UnderscoresToPascalCase(StripDotProto(base));
+}
+
+std::string GetUmbrellaClassNestedNamespace(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // TODO(jtattermusch): reintroduce csharp_umbrella_namespace option
+  bool collision = false;
+  std::string umbrella_classname = GetUmbrellaClassUnqualifiedName(descriptor);
+  for(int i = 0; i < descriptor->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (descriptor->message_type(i)->name() == umbrella_classname) {
+      collision = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->service_count(); i++) {
+    if (descriptor->service(i)->name() == umbrella_classname) {
+      collision = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (descriptor->enum_type(i)->name() == umbrella_classname) {
+      collision = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return collision ? "Proto" : "";
+}
+
+// TODO(jtattermusch): can we reuse a utility function?
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const std::string& input,
+                                   bool cap_next_letter,
+                                   bool preserve_period) {
+  string result;
+  // Note:  I distrust ctype.h due to locales.
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if ('a' <= input[i] && input[i] <= 'z') {
+      if (cap_next_letter) {
+        result += input[i] + ('A' - 'a');
+      } else {
+        result += input[i];
+      }
+      cap_next_letter = false;
+    } else if ('A' <= input[i] && input[i] <= 'Z') {
+      if (i == 0 && !cap_next_letter) {
+        // Force first letter to lower-case unless explicitly told to
+        // capitalize it.
+        result += input[i] + ('a' - 'A');
+      } else {
+        // Capital letters after the first are left as-is.
+        result += input[i];
+      }
+      cap_next_letter = false;
+    } else if ('0' <= input[i] && input[i] <= '9') {
+      result += input[i];
+      cap_next_letter = true;
+    } else {
+      cap_next_letter = true;
+      if (input[i] == '.' && preserve_period) {
+        result += '.';
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Add a trailing "_" if the name should be altered.
+  if (input[input.size() - 1] == '#') {
+    result += '_';
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string UnderscoresToPascalCase(const std::string& input) {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(input, true);
+}
+
+std::string ToCSharpName(const std::string& name, const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  std::string result = GetFileNamespace(file);
+  if (result != "") {
+    result += '.';
+  }
+  string classname;
+  if (file->package().empty()) {
+    classname = name;
+  } else {
+    // Strip the proto package from full_name since we've replaced it with
+    // the C# namespace.
+    classname = name.substr(file->package().size() + 1);
+  }
+  result += StringReplace(classname, ".", ".Types.", true);
+  return "global::" + result;
+}
+
+std::string GetUmbrellaClassName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::string result = GetFileNamespace(descriptor);
+  if (!result.empty()) {
+    result += '.';
+  }
+  std::string umbrellaNamespace = GetUmbrellaClassNestedNamespace(descriptor);
+  if (!umbrellaNamespace.empty()) {
+      result += umbrellaNamespace + ".";
+  }
+  result += GetUmbrellaClassUnqualifiedName(descriptor);
+  return "global::" + result;
+}
+
+std::string GetClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return ToCSharpName(descriptor->full_name(), descriptor->file());
+}
+
+std::string GetClassName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return ToCSharpName(descriptor->full_name(), descriptor->file());
+}
+
+// Groups are hacky:  The name of the field is just the lower-cased name
+// of the group type.  In C#, though, we would like to retain the original
+// capitalization of the type name.
+std::string GetFieldName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    return descriptor->message_type()->name();
+  } else {
+    return descriptor->name();
+  }
+}
+
+std::string GetFieldConstantName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return GetPropertyName(field) + "FieldNumber";
+}
+
+std::string GetPropertyName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // TODO(jtattermusch): consider introducing csharp_property_name field option
+  std::string property_name = UnderscoresToPascalCase(GetFieldName(descriptor));
+  // Avoid either our own type name or reserved names. Note that not all names
+  // are reserved - a field called to_string, write_to etc would still cause a problem.
+  // There are various ways of ending up with naming collisions, but we try to avoid obvious
+  // ones.
+  if (property_name == descriptor->containing_type()->name()
+      || property_name == "Types"
+      || property_name == "Descriptor") {
+    property_name += "_";
+  }
+  return property_name;
+}
+
+// TODO: c&p from Java protoc plugin
+// For encodings with fixed sizes, returns that size in bytes.  Otherwise
+// returns -1.
+int GetFixedSize(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32   : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64   : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32  : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64  : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32  : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64  : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32 : return internal::WireFormatLite::kFixed32Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64 : return internal::WireFormatLite::kFixed64Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32: return internal::WireFormatLite::kSFixed32Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64: return internal::WireFormatLite::kSFixed64Size;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT   : return internal::WireFormatLite::kFloatSize;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE  : return internal::WireFormatLite::kDoubleSize;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL    : return internal::WireFormatLite::kBoolSize;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM    : return -1;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING  : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES   : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP   : return -1;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE : return -1;
+
+    // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
+    // types are added.
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return -1;
+}
+
+static const char base64_chars[] =
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+std::string StringToBase64(const std::string& input) {
+  std::string result;
+  size_t remaining = input.size();
+  const unsigned char *src = (const unsigned char*) input.c_str();
+  while (remaining > 2) {
+    result += base64_chars[src[0] >> 2];
+    result += base64_chars[((src[0] & 0x3) << 4) | (src[1] >> 4)];
+    result += base64_chars[((src[1] & 0xf) << 2) | (src[2] >> 6)];
+    result += base64_chars[src[2] & 0x3f];
+    remaining -= 3;
+    src += 3;
+  }
+  switch (remaining) {
+    case 2:
+      result += base64_chars[src[0] >> 2];
+      result += base64_chars[((src[0] & 0x3) << 4) | (src[1] >> 4)];
+      result += base64_chars[(src[1] & 0xf) << 2];
+      result += '=';
+      src += 2;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      result += base64_chars[src[0] >> 2];
+      result += base64_chars[((src[0] & 0x3) << 4)];
+      result += '=';
+      result += '=';
+      src += 1;
+      break;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string FileDescriptorToBase64(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::string fdp_bytes;
+  FileDescriptorProto fdp;
+  descriptor->CopyTo(&fdp);
+  fdp.SerializeToString(&fdp_bytes);
+  return StringToBase64(fdp_bytes);
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorBase* CreateFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                         int fieldOrdinal) {
+  switch (descriptor->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      if (descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+        if (descriptor->is_map()) {
+          return new MapFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal);
+        } else {
+          return new RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal);
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (IsWrapperType(descriptor)) {
+          if (descriptor->containing_oneof()) {
+            return new WrapperOneofFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal);
+          } else {
+            return new WrapperFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (descriptor->containing_oneof()) {
+            return new MessageOneofFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal);
+          } else {
+            return new MessageFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      if (descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+        return new RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal);
+      } else {
+        if (descriptor->containing_oneof()) {
+          return new EnumOneofFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal);
+        } else {
+          return new EnumFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal);
+        }
+      }
+    default:
+      if (descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+        return new RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal);
+      } else {
+        if (descriptor->containing_oneof()) {
+          return new PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal);
+        } else {
+          return new PrimitiveFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal);
+        }
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d17af61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_HELPERS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_HELPERS_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class FieldGeneratorBase;
+
+// TODO: start using this enum.
+enum CSharpType {
+  CSHARPTYPE_INT32 = 1,
+  CSHARPTYPE_INT64 = 2,
+  CSHARPTYPE_UINT32 = 3,
+  CSHARPTYPE_UINT64 = 4,
+  CSHARPTYPE_FLOAT = 5,
+  CSHARPTYPE_DOUBLE = 6,
+  CSHARPTYPE_BOOL = 7,
+  CSHARPTYPE_STRING = 8,
+  CSHARPTYPE_BYTESTRING = 9,
+  CSHARPTYPE_MESSAGE = 10,
+  CSHARPTYPE_ENUM = 11,
+  MAX_CSHARPTYPE = 11
+};
+
+// Converts field type to corresponding C# type.
+CSharpType GetCSharpType(FieldDescriptor::Type type);
+
+std::string StripDotProto(const std::string& proto_file);
+
+// Gets unqualified name of the umbrella class
+std::string GetUmbrellaClassUnqualifiedName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Gets name of the nested for umbrella class (just the nested part,
+// not including the GetFileNamespace part).
+std::string GetUmbrellaClassNestedNamespace(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+std::string GetClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+std::string GetClassName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+std::string GetFieldName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+std::string GetFieldConstantName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+std::string GetPropertyName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+int GetFixedSize(FieldDescriptor::Type type);
+
+std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const std::string& input, bool cap_next_letter, bool preserve_period);
+
+inline std::string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const std::string& input, bool cap_next_letter) {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCase(input, cap_next_letter, false);
+}
+
+std::string UnderscoresToPascalCase(const std::string& input);
+
+// TODO(jtattermusch): perhaps we could move this to strutil
+std::string StringToBase64(const std::string& input);
+
+std::string FileDescriptorToBase64(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+uint FixedMakeTag(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+FieldGeneratorBase* CreateFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+
+// Determines whether the given message is a map entry message, i.e. one implicitly created
+// by protoc due to a map<key, value> field.
+inline bool IsMapEntryMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->options().map_entry();
+}
+
+// Determines whether we're generating code for the proto representation of descriptors etc,
+// for use in the runtime. This is the only type which is allowed to use proto2 syntax,
+// and it generates internal classes.
+inline bool IsDescriptorProto(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // TODO: Do this better! (Currently this depends on a hack in generate_protos.sh to rename
+  // the file...)
+  return descriptor->name() == "google/protobuf/descriptor_proto_file.proto";
+}
+
+inline bool IsWrapperType(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      descriptor->message_type()->file()->name() == "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_HELPERS_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f84ad6f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+MapFieldGenerator::MapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                             int fieldOrdinal)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, fieldOrdinal) {
+}
+
+MapFieldGenerator::~MapFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {   
+  const FieldDescriptor* key_descriptor =
+      descriptor_->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_descriptor =
+      descriptor_->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  variables_["key_type_name"] = type_name(key_descriptor);
+  variables_["value_type_name"] = type_name(value_descriptor);
+  variables_["true_for_wrappers"] = IsWrapperType(value_descriptor) ? "true" : "";
+  scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> key_generator(CreateFieldGenerator(key_descriptor, 1));  
+  scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> value_generator(CreateFieldGenerator(value_descriptor, 2));
+
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private static readonly pbc::MapField<$key_type_name$, $value_type_name$>.Codec _map_$name$_codec\n"
+    "    = new pbc::MapField<$key_type_name$, $value_type_name$>.Codec(");
+  key_generator->GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  printer->Print(", ");
+  value_generator->GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    ", $tag$);\n"
+    "private readonly pbc::MapField<$key_type_name$, $value_type_name$> $name$_ = new pbc::MapField<$key_type_name$, $value_type_name$>($true_for_wrappers$);\n");
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ pbc::MapField<$key_type_name$, $value_type_name$> $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$name$_.Add(other.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _map_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.WriteTo(output, _map_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "size += $name$_.CalculateSize(_map_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "hash ^= $property_name$.GetHashCode();\n");
+}
+void MapFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if (!$property_name$.Equals(other.$property_name$)) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+    // TODO: If we ever actually use ToString, we'll need to impleme this...
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_ = other.$name$_.Clone();\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f33fe1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_map_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MAP_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MAP_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class MapFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  MapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~MapFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MAP_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a71a7909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h>
+
+using google::protobuf::internal::scoped_ptr;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+bool CompareFieldNumbers(const FieldDescriptor* d1, const FieldDescriptor* d2) {
+  return d1->number() < d2->number();
+}
+
+MessageGenerator::MessageGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor)
+    : SourceGeneratorBase(descriptor->file()),
+      descriptor_(descriptor) {
+
+  // sorted field names
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_names_.push_back(descriptor_->field(i)->name());
+  }
+  std::sort(field_names_.begin(), field_names_.end());
+
+  // fields by number
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    fields_by_number_.push_back(descriptor_->field(i));
+  }
+  std::sort(fields_by_number_.begin(), fields_by_number_.end(),
+            CompareFieldNumbers);
+}
+
+MessageGenerator::~MessageGenerator() {
+}
+
+std::string MessageGenerator::class_name() {
+  return descriptor_->name();
+}
+
+std::string MessageGenerator::full_class_name() {
+  return GetClassName(descriptor_);
+}
+
+const std::vector<std::string>& MessageGenerator::field_names() {
+  return field_names_;
+}
+
+const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& MessageGenerator::fields_by_number() {
+  return fields_by_number_;
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["class_name"] = class_name();
+  vars["access_level"] = class_access_level();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "[global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute()]\n");
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "$access_level$ sealed partial class $class_name$ : pb::IMessage<$class_name$> {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // All static fields and properties
+  printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      "private static readonly pb::MessageParser<$class_name$> _parser = new pb::MessageParser<$class_name$>(() => new $class_name$());\n"
+      "public static pb::MessageParser<$class_name$> Parser { get { return _parser; } }\n\n");
+
+  // Access the message descriptor via the relevant file descriptor or containing message descriptor.
+  if (!descriptor_->containing_type()) {
+    vars["descriptor_accessor"] = GetUmbrellaClassName(descriptor_->file())
+        + ".Descriptor.MessageTypes[" + SimpleItoa(descriptor_->index()) + "]";
+  } else {
+    vars["descriptor_accessor"] = GetClassName(descriptor_->containing_type())
+        + ".Descriptor.NestedTypes[" + SimpleItoa(descriptor_->index()) + "]";
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "public static pbr::MessageDescriptor Descriptor {\n"
+    "  get { return $descriptor_accessor$; }\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n"
+    "pbr::MessageDescriptor pb::IMessage.Descriptor {\n"
+    "  get { return Descriptor; }\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
+
+  // Parameterless constructor and partial OnConstruction method.
+  printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "public $class_name$() {\n"
+    "  OnConstruction();\n"
+    "}\n\n"
+    "partial void OnConstruction();\n\n");
+
+  GenerateCloningCode(printer);
+  GenerateFreezingCode(printer);
+
+  // Fields/properties
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* fieldDescriptor = descriptor_->field(i);
+
+    // Rats: we lose the debug comment here :(
+    printer->Print(
+      "public const int $field_constant_name$ = $index$;\n",
+      "field_constant_name", GetFieldConstantName(fieldDescriptor),
+      "index", SimpleItoa(fieldDescriptor->number()));
+    scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+        CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(fieldDescriptor));
+    generator->GenerateMembers(printer);
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  // oneof properties
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    vars["name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), false);
+    vars["property_name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), true);
+    vars["original_name"] = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name();
+    printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      "private object $name$_;\n"
+      "public enum $property_name$OneofCase {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Print("None = 0,\n");
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      printer->Print("$field_property_name$ = $index$,\n",
+                     "field_property_name", GetPropertyName(field),
+                     "index", SimpleItoa(field->number()));
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+    printer->Print(
+      vars,
+      "private $property_name$OneofCase $name$Case_ = $property_name$OneofCase.None;\n"
+      "public $property_name$OneofCase $property_name$Case {\n"
+      "  get { return $name$Case_; }\n"
+      "}\n\n"
+      "public void Clear$property_name$() {\n"
+      "  $name$Case_ = $property_name$OneofCase.None;\n"
+      "  $name$_ = null;\n"
+      "}\n\n");
+  }
+
+  // Standard methods
+  GenerateFrameworkMethods(printer);
+  GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(printer);
+  GenerateMergingMethods(printer);
+
+  // Nested messages and enums
+  if (HasNestedGeneratedTypes()) {
+    printer->Print("#region Nested types\n"
+		   "[global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute()]\n");
+    WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+    printer->Print("public static partial class Types {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+      EnumGenerator enumGenerator(descriptor_->enum_type(i));
+      enumGenerator.Generate(printer);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+      // Don't generate nested types for maps...
+      if (!IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) {
+        MessageGenerator messageGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i));
+        messageGenerator.Generate(printer);
+      }
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n"
+                   "#endregion\n"
+                   "\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+  printer->Print("\n");
+}
+
+// Helper to work out whether we need to generate a class to hold nested types/enums.
+// Only tricky because we don't want to generate map entry types.
+bool MessageGenerator::HasNestedGeneratedTypes()
+{
+  if (descriptor_->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (!IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["class_name"] = class_name();
+    printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "public $class_name$($class_name$ other) : this() {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  // Clone non-oneof fields first
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+        CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(descriptor_->field(i)));
+      generator->GenerateCloningCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+  // Clone just the right field for each oneof
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+    vars["name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), false);
+    vars["property_name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), true);
+    printer->Print(vars, "switch (other.$property_name$Case) {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(field));
+      vars["field_property_name"] = GetPropertyName(field);
+      printer->Print(
+          vars,
+          "case $property_name$OneofCase.$field_property_name$:\n");
+      printer->Indent();
+      generator->GenerateCloningCode(printer);
+      printer->Print("break;\n");
+      printer->Outdent();
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "public $class_name$ Clone() {\n"
+    "  return new $class_name$(this);\n"
+    "}\n\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateFrameworkMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+    map<string, string> vars;
+    vars["class_name"] = class_name();
+
+    // Equality
+    printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "public override bool Equals(object other) {\n"
+        "  return Equals(other as $class_name$);\n"
+        "}\n\n"
+        "public bool Equals($class_name$ other) {\n"
+        "  if (ReferenceEquals(other, null)) {\n"
+        "    return false;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  if (ReferenceEquals(other, this)) {\n"
+        "    return true;\n"
+        "  }\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+        scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+            CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(descriptor_->field(i)));
+        generator->WriteEquals(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+        "  return true;\n"
+        "}\n\n");
+
+    // GetHashCode
+    // Start with a non-zero value to easily distinguish between null and "empty" messages.
+    printer->Print(
+        "public override int GetHashCode() {\n"
+        "  int hash = 1;\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+        scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+            CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(descriptor_->field(i)));
+        generator->WriteHash(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Print("return hash;\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n\n");
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "public override string ToString() {\n"
+        "  return pb::JsonFormatter.Default.Format(this);\n"
+        "}\n\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "public void WriteTo(pb::CodedOutputStream output) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Serialize all the fields
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields_by_number().size(); i++) {
+    scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+      CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(fields_by_number()[i]));
+    generator->GenerateSerializationCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  // TODO(jonskeet): Memoize size of frozen messages?
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "}\n"
+    "\n"
+    "public int CalculateSize() {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print("int size = 0;\n");
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+        CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(descriptor_->field(i)));
+    generator->GenerateSerializedSizeCode(printer);
+  }
+  printer->Print("return size;\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateMergingMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Note:  These are separate from GenerateMessageSerializationMethods()
+  //   because they need to be generated even for messages that are optimized
+  //   for code size.
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["class_name"] = class_name();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    vars,
+    "public void MergeFrom($class_name$ other) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "if (other == null) {\n"
+    "  return;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  // Merge non-oneof fields
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {      
+      scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+          CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(descriptor_->field(i)));
+      generator->GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+  // Merge oneof fields
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+    vars["name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), false);
+    vars["property_name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name(), true);
+    printer->Print(vars, "switch (other.$property_name$Case) {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      vars["field_property_name"] = GetPropertyName(field);
+      printer->Print(
+        vars,
+        "case $property_name$OneofCase.$field_property_name$:\n"
+        "  $field_property_name$ = other.$field_property_name$;\n"
+        "  break;\n");
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n\n");
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+  printer->Print("public void MergeFrom(pb::CodedInputStream input) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "uint tag;\n"
+    "while ((tag = input.ReadTag()) != 0) {\n"
+    "  switch(tag) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "default:\n"
+    "  input.SkipLastField();\n" // We're not storing the data, but we still need to consume it.
+    "  break;\n");
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields_by_number().size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields_by_number()[i];
+    internal::WireFormatLite::WireType wt =
+        internal::WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(field->type());
+    uint32 tag = internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(), wt);
+    // Handle both packed and unpacked repeated fields with the same Read*Array call;
+    // the two generated cases are the packed and unpacked tags.
+    // TODO(jonskeet): Check that is_packable is equivalent to is_repeated && wt in { VARINT, FIXED32, FIXED64 }.
+    // It looks like it is...
+    if (field->is_packable()) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "case $packed_tag$:\n",
+        "packed_tag",
+        SimpleItoa(
+            internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+                field->number(),
+                internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)));
+    }
+
+    printer->Print("case $tag$: {\n", "tag", SimpleItoa(tag));
+    printer->Indent();
+    scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> generator(
+        CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(field));
+    generator->GenerateParsingCode(printer);
+    printer->Print("break;\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n"); // switch
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n"); // while
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n"); // method
+}
+
+int MessageGenerator::GetFieldOrdinal(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_names().size(); i++) {
+    if (field_names()[i] == descriptor->name()) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL)<< "Could not find ordinal for field " << descriptor->name();
+  return -1;
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorBase* MessageGenerator::CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return CreateFieldGenerator(descriptor, GetFieldOrdinal(descriptor));
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f0c49ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MESSAGE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MESSAGE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class FieldGeneratorBase;
+
+class MessageGenerator : public SourceGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  MessageGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+  ~MessageGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateFrameworkMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  std::vector<std::string> field_names_;
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields_by_number_;
+
+  void GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateMergingMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  int GetFieldOrdinal(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  FieldGeneratorBase* CreateFieldGeneratorInternal(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+  bool HasNestedGeneratedTypes();
+
+  std::string class_name();
+  std::string full_class_name();
+
+  // field names sorted alphabetically
+  const std::vector<std::string>& field_names();
+
+  // field descriptors sorted by number
+  const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields_by_number();
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f576cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+MessageFieldGenerator::MessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                             int fieldOrdinal)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, fieldOrdinal) {
+  variables_["has_property_check"] = name() + "_ != null";
+  variables_["has_not_property_check"] = name() + "_ == null";
+}
+
+MessageFieldGenerator::~MessageFieldGenerator() {
+
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private $type_name$ $name$_;\n");
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "  set {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = value;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if (other.$has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  if ($has_not_property_check$) {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = new $type_name$();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $property_name$.MergeFrom(other.$property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_not_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = new $type_name$();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    // TODO(jonskeet): Do we really need merging behaviour like this?
+    "input.ReadMessage($name$_);\n"); // No need to support TYPE_GROUP...
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  output.WriteRawTag($tag_bytes$);\n"
+    "  output.WriteMessage($property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  size += $tag_size$ + pb::CodedOutputStream.ComputeMessageSize($property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) hash ^= $property_name$.GetHashCode();\n");
+}
+void MessageFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if (!object.Equals($property_name$, other.$property_name$)) return false;\n");
+}
+void MessageFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  variables_["field_name"] = GetFieldName(descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$field_name$\", has$property_name$, $name$_, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$property_name$ = other.$has_property_check$ ? other.$property_name$.Clone() : null;\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "pb::FieldCodec.ForMessage($tag$, $type_name$.Parser)");
+}
+
+MessageOneofFieldGenerator::MessageOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+						       int fieldOrdinal)
+    : MessageFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal) {
+  SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(&variables_);
+}
+
+MessageOneofFieldGenerator::~MessageOneofFieldGenerator() {
+
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $has_property_check$ ? ($type_name$) $oneof_name$_ : null; }\n"
+    "  set {\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$Case_ = value == null ? $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.None : $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.$property_name$;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // TODO(jonskeet): We may be able to do better than this
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$type_name$ subBuilder = new $type_name$();\n"
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  subBuilder.MergeFrom($property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "input.ReadMessage(subBuilder);\n" // No support of TYPE_GROUP
+    "$property_name$ = subBuilder;\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$descriptor_name$\", $has_property_check$, $oneof_name$_, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$property_name$ = other.$property_name$.Clone();\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc6e4dc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class MessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  MessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~MessageFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class MessageOneofFieldGenerator : public MessageFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  MessageOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~MessageOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ccd2e720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// Provides a mechanism for mapping a descriptor to the
+// fully-qualified name of the corresponding C# class.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_NAMES_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_NAMES_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Descriptor;
+class EnumDescriptor;
+class FileDescriptor;
+class ServiceDescriptor;
+
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+//
+// Returns:
+//   The namespace to use for given file descriptor.
+string GetFileNamespace(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+//
+// Returns:
+//   The fully-qualified C# class name.
+string GetClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Requires:
+//   descriptor != NULL
+//
+// Returns:
+//   The fully-qualified name of the C# class that provides
+//   access to the file descriptor. Proto compiler generates
+//   such class for each .proto file processed.
+std::string GetUmbrellaClassName(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_NAMES_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc043ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+PrimitiveFieldGenerator::PrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, fieldOrdinal) {
+  // TODO(jonskeet): Make this cleaner...
+  is_value_type = descriptor->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING
+      && descriptor->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES;
+  if (!is_value_type) {
+    variables_["has_property_check"] = variables_["property_name"] + ".Length != 0";
+    variables_["other_has_property_check"] = "other." + variables_["property_name"] + ".Length != 0";
+  }
+}
+
+PrimitiveFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // TODO(jonskeet): Work out whether we want to prevent the fields from ever being
+  // null, or whether we just handle it, in the cases of bytes and string.
+  // (Basically, should null-handling code be in the getter or the setter?)
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private $type_name$ $name_def_message$;\n");
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "  set {\n");
+  if (is_value_type) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "    $name$_ = value;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "    $name$_ = pb::Preconditions.CheckNotNull(value, \"value\");\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($other_has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  $property_name$ = other.$property_name$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Note: invoke the property setter rather than writing straight to the field,
+  // so that we can normalize "null to empty" for strings and bytes.
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$property_name$ = input.Read$capitalized_type_name$();\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  output.WriteRawTag($tag_bytes$);\n"
+    "  output.Write$capitalized_type_name$($property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  int fixedSize = GetFixedSize(descriptor_->type());
+  if (fixedSize == -1) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "size += $tag_size$ + pb::CodedOutputStream.Compute$capitalized_type_name$Size($property_name$);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      "size += $tag_size$ + $fixed_size$;\n",
+      "fixed_size", SimpleItoa(fixedSize),
+      "tag_size", variables_["tag_size"]);
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) hash ^= $property_name$.GetHashCode();\n");
+}
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($property_name$ != other.$property_name$) return false;\n");
+}
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$descriptor_name$\", $has_property_check$, $property_name$, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_ = other.$name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "pb::FieldCodec.For$capitalized_type_name$($tag$)");
+}
+
+PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal)
+    : PrimitiveFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal) {
+  SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(&variables_);
+}
+
+PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $has_property_check$ ? ($type_name$) $oneof_name$_ : $default_value$; }\n"
+    "  set {\n");
+    if (is_value_type) {
+      printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "    $oneof_name$_ = value;\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "    $oneof_name$_ = pb::Preconditions.CheckNotNull(value, \"value\");\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "    $oneof_name$Case_ = $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.$property_name$;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$descriptor_name$\", $has_property_check$, $oneof_name$_, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$property_name$ = input.Read$capitalized_type_name$();\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$property_name$ = other.$property_name$;\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8b87ebc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_primitive_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class PrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  PrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~PrimitiveFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ protected:
+  bool is_value_type;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(PrimitiveFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator : public PrimitiveFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..625631df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, fieldOrdinal) {
+}
+
+RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::~RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator() {
+
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<$type_name$> _repeated_$name$_codec\n"
+    "    = pb::FieldCodec.ForEnum($tag$, x => (int) x, x => ($type_name$) x);\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$> $name$_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$>();\n");
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$> $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.Add(other.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {  
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "size += $name$_.CalculateSize(_repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "hash ^= $name$_.GetHashCode();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if(!$name$_.Equals(other.$name$_)) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$descriptor_name$\", $name$_, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_ = other.$name$_.Clone();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ee50eef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_enum_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+// TODO(jonskeet): Refactor repeated field support; all the implementations are *really* similar. We
+// should probably have a RepeatedFieldGeneratorBase.
+class RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7fbab681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, fieldOrdinal) {
+}
+
+RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::~RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator() {
+
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<$type_name$> _repeated_$name$_codec\n"
+    "    = ");
+  // Don't want to duplicate the codec code here... maybe we should have a
+  // "create single field generator for this repeated field"
+  // function, but it doesn't seem worth it for just this.
+  if (IsWrapperType(descriptor_)) {
+    scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> single_generator(new WrapperFieldGenerator(descriptor_, fieldOrdinal_));
+    single_generator->GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  } else {
+    scoped_ptr<FieldGeneratorBase> single_generator(new MessageFieldGenerator(descriptor_, fieldOrdinal_));
+    single_generator->GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  }
+  printer->Print(";\n");
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$> $name$_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$>();\n");
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$> $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.Add(other.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "size += $name$_.CalculateSize(_repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "hash ^= $name$_.GetHashCode();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if(!$name$_.Equals(other.$name$_)) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  variables_["field_name"] = GetFieldName(descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$field_name$\", $name$_, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_ = other.$name$_.Clone();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf601c7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_message_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1163ce73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, fieldOrdinal) {
+}
+
+RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::~RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator() {
+
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<$type_name$> _repeated_$name$_codec\n"
+    "    = pb::FieldCodec.For$capitalized_type_name$($tag$);\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private readonly pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$> $name$_ = new pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$>();\n");
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ pbc::RepeatedField<$type_name$> $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.Add(other.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.AddEntriesFrom(input, _repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$name$_.WriteTo(output, _repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "size += $name$_.CalculateSize(_repeated_$name$_codec);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "hash ^= $name$_.GetHashCode();\n");
+}
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if(!$name$_.Equals(other.$name$_)) return false;\n");
+}
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "PrintField(\"$descriptor_name$\", $name$_, writer);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_ = other.$name$_.Clone();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f1ceeb50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_repeated_primitive_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateFreezingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_REPEATED_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..735d164a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+SourceGeneratorBase::SourceGeneratorBase(const FileDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor) {
+}
+
+SourceGeneratorBase::~SourceGeneratorBase() {
+}
+
+void SourceGeneratorBase::WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // This hook can be used to reintroduce generated code attributes in the future.
+}
+
+std::string SourceGeneratorBase::class_access_level() {
+  return IsDescriptorProto(descriptor_) ? "internal" : "public";  // public_classes is always on.
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6caef171
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_SOURCE_GENERATOR_BASE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_SOURCE_GENERATOR_BASE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class SourceGeneratorBase {
+ protected:
+  SourceGeneratorBase(const FileDescriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual ~SourceGeneratorBase();
+
+  std::string class_access_level();
+
+  void WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const FileDescriptor* descriptor_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(SourceGeneratorBase);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_SOURCE_GENERATOR_BASE_H__
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_umbrella_class.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_umbrella_class.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ffae3d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_umbrella_class.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_names.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_umbrella_class.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+UmbrellaClassGenerator::UmbrellaClassGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file)
+    : SourceGeneratorBase(file),
+      file_(file) {
+  namespace_ = GetFileNamespace(file);
+  umbrellaClassname_ = GetUmbrellaClassUnqualifiedName(file);
+  umbrellaNamespace_ = GetUmbrellaClassNestedNamespace(file);
+}
+
+UmbrellaClassGenerator::~UmbrellaClassGenerator() {
+}
+
+void UmbrellaClassGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WriteIntroduction(printer);
+
+  WriteDescriptor(printer);
+  // Close the class declaration.
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+
+  // Close the namespace around the umbrella class if defined
+  if (!umbrellaNamespace_.empty()) {
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+  }
+
+  // write children: Enums
+  if (file_->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print("#region Enums\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+      EnumGenerator enumGenerator(file_->enum_type(i));
+      enumGenerator.Generate(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Print("#endregion\n");
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  // write children: Messages
+  if (file_->message_type_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print("#region Messages\n");
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+      MessageGenerator messageGenerator(file_->message_type(i));
+      messageGenerator.Generate(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Print("#endregion\n");
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  // TODO(jtattermusch): add insertion point for services.
+
+  if (!namespace_.empty()) {
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print("\n");
+  printer->Print("#endregion Designer generated code\n");
+}
+
+void UmbrellaClassGenerator::WriteIntroduction(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+    "// source: $file_name$\n"
+    "#pragma warning disable 1591, 0612, 3021\n"
+    "#region Designer generated code\n"
+    "\n"
+    "using pb = global::Google.Protobuf;\n"
+    "using pbc = global::Google.Protobuf.Collections;\n"
+    "using pbr = global::Google.Protobuf.Reflection;\n"
+    "using scg = global::System.Collections.Generic;\n",
+    "file_name", file_->name());
+
+  if (!namespace_.empty()) {
+    printer->Print("namespace $namespace$ {\n", "namespace", namespace_);
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  // Add the namespace around the umbrella class if defined
+  if (!umbrellaNamespace_.empty()) {
+    printer->Print("namespace $umbrella_namespace$ {\n",
+                   "umbrella_namespace", umbrellaNamespace_);
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "[global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute()]\n");
+  WriteGeneratedCodeAttributes(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    "$access_level$ static partial class $umbrella_class_name$ {\n"
+    "\n",
+    "access_level", class_access_level(),
+    "umbrella_class_name", umbrellaClassname_);
+  printer->Indent();
+}
+
+void UmbrellaClassGenerator::WriteDescriptor(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "#region Descriptor\n"
+    "public static pbr::FileDescriptor Descriptor {\n"
+    "  get { return descriptor; }\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "private static pbr::FileDescriptor descriptor;\n"
+    "\n"
+    "static $umbrella_class_name$() {\n",
+    "umbrella_class_name", umbrellaClassname_);
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "byte[] descriptorData = global::System.Convert.FromBase64String(\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print("string.Concat(\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // TODO(jonskeet): Consider a C#-escaping format here instead of just Base64.
+  std::string base64 = FileDescriptorToBase64(file_);
+  while (base64.size() > 60) {
+    printer->Print("\"$base64$\", \n", "base64", base64.substr(0, 60));
+    base64 = base64.substr(60);
+  }
+  printer->Print("\"$base64$\"));\n", "base64", base64);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Invoke InternalBuildGeneratedFileFrom() to build the file.
+  printer->Print(
+      "descriptor = pbr::FileDescriptor.InternalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,\n");
+  printer->Print("    new pbr::FileDescriptor[] { ");
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "$full_umbrella_class_name$.Descriptor, ",
+      "full_umbrella_class_name",
+      GetUmbrellaClassName(file_->dependency(i)));
+  }
+  printer->Print("},\n"
+      "    new pbr::GeneratedCodeInfo(");
+  // Specify all the generated code information, recursively.
+  if (file_->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+      printer->Print("new[] {");
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+          printer->Print("typeof($type_name$), ", "type_name", GetClassName(file_->enum_type(i)));
+      }
+      printer->Print("}, ");
+  }
+  else {
+      printer->Print("null, ");
+  }
+  if (file_->message_type_count() > 0) {
+      printer->Print("new pbr::GeneratedCodeInfo[] {\n");
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+          WriteGeneratedCodeInfo(file_->message_type(i), printer, i == file_->message_type_count() - 1);
+      }
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print("\n}));\n");
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Outdent();
+  }
+  else {
+      printer->Print("null));\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+  printer->Print("#endregion\n\n");
+}
+
+// Write out the generated code for a particular message. This consists of the CLR type, property names
+// corresponding to fields, names corresponding to oneofs, nested enums, and nested types. Each array part
+// can be specified as null if it would be empty, to make the generated code somewhat simpler to read.
+// We write a line break at the end of each generated code info, so that in the final file we'll see all
+// the types, pre-ordered depth first, one per line. The indentation will be slightly unusual,
+// in that it will look like a single array when it's actually constructing a tree, but it'll be easy to
+// read even with multiple levels of nesting.
+// The "last" parameter indicates whether this message descriptor is the last one being printed in this immediate
+// context. It governs whether or not a trailing comma and newline is written after the constructor, effectively
+// just controlling the formatting in the generated code.
+void UmbrellaClassGenerator::WriteGeneratedCodeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor, io::Printer* printer, bool last) {
+  if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor)) {
+    printer->Print("null, ");
+    return;
+  }
+  // Generated message type
+  printer->Print("new pbr::GeneratedCodeInfo(typeof($type_name$), ", "type_name", GetClassName(descriptor));
+  
+  // Fields
+  if (descriptor->field_count() > 0) {
+      std::vector<std::string> fields;
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+          fields.push_back(GetPropertyName(descriptor->field(i)));
+      }
+      printer->Print("new[]{ \"$fields$\" }, ", "fields", JoinStrings(fields, "\", \""));
+  }
+  else {
+      printer->Print("null, ");
+  }
+
+  // Oneofs
+  if (descriptor->oneof_decl_count() > 0) {
+      std::vector<std::string> oneofs;
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+          oneofs.push_back(UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor->oneof_decl(i)->name(), true));
+      }
+      printer->Print("new[]{ \"$oneofs$\" }, ", "oneofs", JoinStrings(oneofs, "\", \""));
+  }
+  else {
+      printer->Print("null, ");
+  }
+
+  // Nested enums
+  if (descriptor->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+      std::vector<std::string> enums;
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+          enums.push_back(GetClassName(descriptor->enum_type(i)));
+      }
+      printer->Print("new[]{ typeof($enums$) }, ", "enums", JoinStrings(enums, "), typeof("));
+  }
+  else {
+      printer->Print("null, ");
+  }
+
+  // Nested types
+  if (descriptor->nested_type_count() > 0) {
+      // Need to specify array type explicitly here, as all elements may be null. 
+      printer->Print("new pbr::GeneratedCodeInfo[] { ");
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+          WriteGeneratedCodeInfo(descriptor->nested_type(i), printer, i == descriptor->nested_type_count() - 1);
+      }
+      printer->Print("}");
+  }
+  else {
+      printer->Print("null");
+  }
+  printer->Print(last ? ")" : "),\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_umbrella_class.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_umbrella_class.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8bd2133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_umbrella_class.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_UMBRELLA_CLASS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_UMBRELLA_CLASS_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_source_generator_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class UmbrellaClassGenerator : public SourceGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  UmbrellaClassGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file);
+  ~UmbrellaClassGenerator();
+
+  void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+
+  std::string namespace_;
+  std::string umbrellaClassname_;
+  std::string umbrellaNamespace_;
+
+  void WriteIntroduction(io::Printer* printer);
+  void WriteDescriptor(io::Printer* printer);
+  void WriteGeneratedCodeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor, io::Printer* printer, bool last);
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(UmbrellaClassGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_UMBRELLA_CLASS_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44f832bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+WrapperFieldGenerator::WrapperFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       int fieldOrdinal)
+    : FieldGeneratorBase(descriptor, fieldOrdinal) {
+  variables_["has_property_check"] = name() + "_ != null";
+  variables_["has_not_property_check"] = name() + "_ == null";
+  const FieldDescriptor* wrapped_field = descriptor->message_type()->field(0);
+  is_value_type = wrapped_field->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING &&
+      wrapped_field->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES;
+  if (is_value_type) {
+    variables_["nonnullable_type_name"] = type_name(wrapped_field);
+  }
+}
+
+WrapperFieldGenerator::~WrapperFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<$type_name$> _single_$name$_codec = ");
+  GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    ";\n"
+    "private $type_name$ $name$_;\n");
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $name$_; }\n"
+    "  set {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = value;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if (other.$has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  if ($has_not_property_check$ || other.$property_name$ != $default_value$) {\n"
+    "    $property_name$ = other.$property_name$;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$type_name$ value = _single_$name$_codec.Read(input);\n"
+    "if ($has_not_property_check$ || value != $default_value$) {\n"
+    "  $property_name$ = value;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  _single_$name$_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, $property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  size += _single_$name$_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag($property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::WriteHash(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) hash ^= $property_name$.GetHashCode();\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($property_name$ != other.$property_name$) return false;\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::WriteToString(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // TODO: Implement if we ever actually need it...
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$property_name$ = other.$property_name$;\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperFieldGenerator::GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (is_value_type) {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "pb::FieldCodec.ForStructWrapper<$nonnullable_type_name$>($tag$)");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "pb::FieldCodec.ForClassWrapper<$type_name$>($tag$)");
+  }
+}
+
+WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::WrapperOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+    int fieldOrdinal)
+    : WrapperFieldGenerator(descriptor, fieldOrdinal) {
+    SetCommonOneofFieldVariables(&variables_);
+}
+
+WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::~WrapperOneofFieldGenerator() {
+}
+
+void WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Note: deliberately _oneof_$name$_codec, not _$oneof_name$_codec... we have one codec per field.
+  printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "private static readonly pb::FieldCodec<$type_name$> _oneof_$name$_codec = ");
+  GenerateCodecCode(printer);
+  printer->Print(";\n");
+  AddDeprecatedFlag(printer);
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$access_level$ $type_name$ $property_name$ {\n"
+    "  get { return $has_property_check$ ? ($type_name$) $oneof_name$_ : ($type_name$) null; }\n"
+    "  set {\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$Case_ = value == null ? $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.None : $oneof_property_name$OneofCase.$property_name$;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "$property_name$ = _oneof_$name$_codec.Read(input);\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // TODO: I suspect this is wrong...
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  _oneof_$name$_codec.WriteTagAndValue(output, ($type_name$) $oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void WrapperOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // TODO: I suspect this is wrong...
+  printer->Print(
+    variables_,
+    "if ($has_property_check$) {\n"
+    "  size += _oneof_$name$_codec.CalculateSizeWithTag($property_name$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e2414af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_wrapper_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_WRAPPER_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_WRAPPER_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_field_base.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace csharp {
+
+class WrapperFieldGenerator : public FieldGeneratorBase {
+ public:
+  WrapperFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~WrapperFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateCodecCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateCloningCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  virtual void WriteHash(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteEquals(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void WriteToString(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  bool is_value_type; // True for int32 etc; false for bytes and string
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(WrapperFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class WrapperOneofFieldGenerator : public WrapperFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  WrapperOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int fieldOrdinal);
+  ~WrapperOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(WrapperOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace csharp
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_CSHARP_WRAPPER_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.cc
index 71a2ba4b..39318a19 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.cc
@@ -67,7 +67,13 @@ void SetEnumVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
   (*variables)["default"] = ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
   (*variables)["default_number"] = SimpleItoa(
       descriptor->default_value_enum()->number());
-  (*variables)["tag"] = SimpleItoa(internal::WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor));
+  if (descriptor->is_packed()) {
+    (*variables)["tag"] = SimpleItoa(internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+        descriptor->number(),
+        internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED));
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["tag"] = SimpleItoa(internal::WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor));
+  }
   (*variables)["tag_size"] = SimpleItoa(
       internal::WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor->number(), GetType(descriptor)));
   // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
@@ -641,7 +647,7 @@ GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "}\n");
   }
 
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed() &&
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed() &&
       HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "private int $name$MemoizedSerializedSize;\n");
@@ -884,7 +890,7 @@ GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
 void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "if (get$capitalized_name$List().size() > 0) {\n"
       "  output.writeRawVarint32($tag$);\n"
@@ -915,7 +921,7 @@ GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
     "}\n");
   printer->Print(
     "size += dataSize;\n");
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "if (!get$capitalized_name$List().isEmpty()) {"
       "  size += $tag_size$;\n"
@@ -928,7 +934,7 @@ GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   }
 
   // cache the data size for packed fields.
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "$name$MemoizedSerializedSize = dataSize;\n");
   }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..697a07a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,967 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetEnumVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                      int messageBitIndex,
+                      int builderBitIndex,
+                      const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                      ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                      map<string, string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+
+  (*variables)["type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor->enum_type());
+  (*variables)["mutable_type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetMutableClassName(descriptor->enum_type());
+  (*variables)["default"] = ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["default_number"] = SimpleItoa(
+      descriptor->default_value_enum()->number());
+  (*variables)["tag"] = SimpleItoa(internal::WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor));
+  (*variables)["tag_size"] = SimpleItoa(
+      internal::WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor->number(), GetType(descriptor)));
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] = descriptor->options().deprecated()
+      ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  (*variables)["on_changed"] =
+      HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->containing_type()) ? "onChanged();" : "";
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    // For singular messages and builders, one bit is used for the hasField bit.
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+
+    // Note that these have a trailing ";".
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateClearBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+        (*variables)["name"] + "_ != " +
+        (*variables)["default"] + ".getNumber()";
+  }
+
+  // For repeated builders, the underlying list tracks mutability state.
+  (*variables)["is_mutable"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.isModifiable()";
+
+  (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_from_local"] =
+      GenerateGetBitFromLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_to_local"] =
+      GenerateSetBitToLocal(messageBitIndex);
+
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor->file())) {
+    (*variables)["unknown"] = (*variables)["type"] + ".UNRECOGNIZED";
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["unknown"] = (*variables)["default"];
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                            int messageBitIndex,
+                            int builderBitIndex,
+                            Context* context)
+  : descriptor_(descriptor), messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
+    builderBitIndex_(builderBitIndex),
+    name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetEnumVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                   context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                   name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::~ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$boolean has$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Value();\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private int $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Value() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  $type$ result = $type$.valueOf($name$_);\n"
+    "  return result == null ? $unknown$ : result;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Generate private setters for the builder to proxy into.
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "private void set$capitalized_name$Value(int value) {\n"
+      "  $set_has_field_bit_message$"
+      "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+    "  $name$_ = value.getNumber();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  $clear_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+    "  $name$_ = $default_number$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Value() {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Value();\n"
+      "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$Value(int value) {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.set$capitalized_name$Value(int value);\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer)  const {
+  // noop for enums
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $default_number$;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "if (other.has$capitalized_name$()) {\n"
+      "  set$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "if (other.$name$_ != $default_number$) {\n"
+      "  set$capitalized_name$Value(other.get$capitalized_name$Value());\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't reach here.";
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for scalars
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "int rawValue = input.readEnum();\n"
+      "$set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+      "$name$_ = rawValue;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "int rawValue = input.readEnum();\n"
+      "$type$ value = $type$.valueOf(rawValue);\n"
+      "if (value == null) {\n");
+    if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "  unknownFields.mergeVarintField($number$, rawValue);\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "} else {\n"
+      "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+      "  $name$_ = rawValue;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for enums
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+    "  output.writeEnum($number$, $name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .computeEnumSize($number$, $name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "result = result && $name$_ == other.$name$_;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+    "hash = (53 * hash) + $name$_;\n");
+}
+
+string ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->enum_type());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                 int messageBitIndex,
+                                 int builderBitIndex,
+                                 Context* context)
+    : ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(
+          descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+~ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Value() {\n"
+      "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+      "    return (java.lang.Integer) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return $default_number$;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "    $type$ result =  $type$.valueOf((java.lang.Integer) $oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "    return result == null ? $unknown$ : result;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return $default$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Generate private setters for the builder to proxy into.
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "private void set$capitalized_name$Value(int value) {\n"
+      "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "  $oneof_name$_ = value.getNumber();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "    $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Value() {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Value();\n"
+      "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$Value(int value) {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.set$capitalized_name$Value(value);\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "set$capitalized_name$Value(other.get$capitalized_name$Value());\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "set$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "int rawValue = input.readEnum();\n"
+      "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "$oneof_name$_ = rawValue;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "int rawValue = input.readEnum();\n"
+      "$type$ value = $type$.valueOf(rawValue);\n"
+      "if (value == null) {\n");
+    if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "  unknownFields.mergeVarintField($number$, rawValue);\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "} else {\n"
+      "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "  $oneof_name$_ = rawValue;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "  output.writeEnum($number$, ((java.lang.Integer) $oneof_name$_));\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .computeEnumSize($number$, ((java.lang.Integer) $oneof_name$_));\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "result = result && get$capitalized_name$Value()\n"
+      "    == other.get$capitalized_name$Value();\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "result = result && get$capitalized_name$()\n"
+      "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+      "hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$Value();\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+      "hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$().getNumber();\n");
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                    int messageBitIndex,
+                                    int builderBitIndex,
+                                    Context* context)
+  : descriptor_(descriptor), messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
+    builderBitIndex_(builderBitIndex), context_(context),
+    name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetEnumVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                   context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                   name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+~RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$java.util.List<$type$> get$capitalized_name$List();\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index);\n");
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$java.util.List<java.lang.Integer>\n"
+      "get$capitalized_name$ValueList();\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Value(int index);\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    // TODO(dweis): Switch to IntList?
+    "private com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList<\n"
+    "    java.lang.Integer> $name$_;\n"
+    "private static final com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter.Converter<\n"
+    "    java.lang.Integer, $type$> $name$_converter_ =\n"
+    "        new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter.Converter<\n"
+    "            java.lang.Integer, $type$>() {\n"
+    "          public $type$ convert(java.lang.Integer from) {\n"
+    "            $type$ result = $type$.valueOf(from);\n"
+    "            return result == null ? $unknown$ : result;\n"
+    "          }\n"
+    "        };\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> get$capitalized_name$List() {\n"
+    "  return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.ListAdapter<\n"
+    "      java.lang.Integer, $type$>($name$_, $name$_converter_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Count() {\n"
+    "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  return $name$_converter_.convert($name$_.get(index));\n"
+    "}\n");
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer>\n"
+      "get$capitalized_name$ValueList() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Value(int index) {\n"
+      "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->options().packed() &&
+      HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "private int $name$MemoizedSerializedSize;\n");
+  }
+
+  // Generate private setters for the builder to proxy into.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+    "  if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = newProtobufList($name$_);\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.set(index, value.getNumber());\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void add$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.add(value.getNumber());\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $type$> values) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  for ($type$ value : values) {\n"
+    "    $name$_.add(value.getNumber());\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = emptyProtobufList();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "private void set$capitalized_name$Value(\n"
+      "    int index, int value) {\n"
+      "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+      "  $name$_.set(index, value);\n"
+      "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "private void add$capitalized_name$Value(int value) {\n"
+      "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+      "  $name$_.add(value);\n"
+      "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "private void addAll$capitalized_name$Value(\n"
+      "    java.lang.Iterable<java.lang.Integer> values) {\n"
+      "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+      "  for (int value : values) {\n"
+      "    $name$_.add(value);\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> get$capitalized_name$List() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$List();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Count() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Count();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(index, value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $type$> values) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.addAll$capitalized_name$(values);"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<java.lang.Integer>\n"
+      "get$capitalized_name$ValueList() {\n"
+      "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(\n"
+      "      instance.get$capitalized_name$ValueList());\n"
+      "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Value(int index) {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Value(index);\n"
+      "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$Value(\n"
+      "    int index, int value) {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.set$capitalized_name$Value(index, value);\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$Value(int value) {\n"
+      "  instance.add$capitalized_name$Value(value);\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public Builder addAll$capitalized_name$Value(\n"
+      "    java.lang.Iterable<java.lang.Integer> values) {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.addAll$capitalized_name$Value(values);\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer)  const {
+  // noop for enums
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = emptyProtobufList();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The code below does two optimizations:
+  //   1. If the other list is empty, there's nothing to do. This ensures we
+  //      don't allocate a new array if we already have an immutable one.
+  //   2. If the other list is non-empty and our current list is empty, we can
+  //      reuse the other list which is guaranteed to be immutable.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (!other.$name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+    "  if ($name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "    $name$_.addAll(other.$name$_);\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $on_changed$\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_.makeImmutable();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Read and store the enum
+  if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "int rawValue = input.readEnum();\n"
+      "if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = newProtobufList();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "$name$_.add(rawValue);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "int rawValue = input.readEnum();\n"
+      "$type$ value = $type$.valueOf(rawValue);\n"
+        "if (value == null) {\n");
+    if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "  unknownFields.mergeVarintField($number$, rawValue);\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "} else {\n"
+      "  if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ = newProtobufList();\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  $name$_.add(rawValue);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Wrap GenerateParsingCode's contents with a while loop.
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "int length = input.readRawVarint32();\n"
+    "int oldLimit = input.pushLimit(length);\n"
+    "while(input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  GenerateParsingCode(printer);
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "}\n"
+    "input.popLimit(oldLimit);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "  $name$_.makeImmutable();\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "if (get$capitalized_name$List().size() > 0) {\n"
+      "  output.writeRawVarint32($tag$);\n"
+      "  output.writeRawVarint32($name$MemoizedSerializedSize);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+      "  output.writeEnumNoTag($name$_.get(i));\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+      "  output.writeEnum($number$, $name$_.get(i));\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "{\n"
+    "  int dataSize = 0;\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+    "  dataSize += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .computeEnumSizeNoTag($name$_.get(i));\n"
+    "}\n");
+  printer->Print(
+    "size += dataSize;\n");
+  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "if (!get$capitalized_name$List().isEmpty()) {"
+      "  size += $tag_size$;\n"
+      "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+      "    .computeRawVarint32Size(dataSize);\n"
+      "}");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "size += $tag_size$ * $name$_.size();\n");
+  }
+
+  // cache the data size for packed fields.
+  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$name$MemoizedSerializedSize = dataSize;\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "result = result && $name$_.equals(other.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (get$capitalized_name$Count() > 0) {\n"
+    "  hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+    "  hash = (53 * hash) + $name$_.hashCode();\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+string RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->enum_type());
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c41c3e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+  namespace compiler {
+    namespace java {
+      class Context;            // context.h
+      class ClassNameResolver;  // name_resolver.h
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+  const int messageBitIndex_;
+  const int builderBitIndex_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+  const int messageBitIndex_;
+  const int builderBitIndex_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_ENUM_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.cc
index 27cf416b..4db7085e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.cc
@@ -181,8 +181,9 @@ void ImmutableExtensionGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
 }
 
-void ImmutableExtensionGenerator::GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(
+int ImmutableExtensionGenerator::GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(
     io::Printer* printer) {
+  int bytecode_estimate = 0;
   if (descriptor_->extension_scope() == NULL &&
       HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file())) {
     // Only applies to non-nested, non-lite extensions.
@@ -190,15 +191,18 @@ void ImmutableExtensionGenerator::GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(
         "$name$.internalInit(descriptor.getExtensions().get($index$));\n",
         "name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_),
         "index", SimpleItoa(descriptor_->index()));
+    bytecode_estimate += 21;
   }
+  return bytecode_estimate;
 }
 
-void ImmutableExtensionGenerator::GenerateRegistrationCode(
+int ImmutableExtensionGenerator::GenerateRegistrationCode(
     io::Printer* printer) {
   printer->Print(
     "registry.add($scope$.$name$);\n",
     "scope", scope_,
     "name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor_));
+  return 7;
 }
 
 }  // namespace java
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h
index f1701fb5..bdd42263 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h
@@ -67,8 +67,12 @@ class ExtensionGenerator {
   virtual ~ExtensionGenerator() {}
 
   virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
-  virtual void GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
-  virtual void GenerateRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+  // Returns an estimate of the number of bytes the printed code will compile to
+  virtual int GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+
+  // Returns an estimate of the number of bytes the printed code will compile to
+  virtual int GenerateRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
 
  protected:
   static void InitTemplateVars(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
@@ -88,8 +92,8 @@ class ImmutableExtensionGenerator : public ExtensionGenerator {
   virtual ~ImmutableExtensionGenerator();
 
   virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
-  virtual void GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
-  virtual void GenerateRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual int GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual int GenerateRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer);
 
  protected:
   const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.cc
index af9978e2..3f0fa11f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.cc
@@ -42,12 +42,18 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum_field_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
@@ -133,6 +139,79 @@ ImmutableFieldGenerator* MakeImmutableGenerator(
   }
 }
 
+ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator* MakeImmutableLiteGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, int messageBitIndex, int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context) {
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    switch (GetJavaType(field)) {
+      case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+        if (IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+          return new ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+        } else {
+          if (IsLazy(field)) {
+            return new RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+                field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+          } else {
+            return new RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+                field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+          }
+        }
+      case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+        return new RepeatedImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(
+            field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+      case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+        return new RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(
+            field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+      default:
+        return new RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(
+            field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+      switch (GetJavaType(field)) {
+        case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+          if (IsLazy(field)) {
+            return new ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+                field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+          } else {
+            return new ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+                field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+          }
+        case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+          return new ImmutableEnumOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+        case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+          return new ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+        default:
+          return new ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+      }
+    } else {
+      switch (GetJavaType(field)) {
+        case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+          if (IsLazy(field)) {
+            return new ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+                field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+          } else {
+            return new ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+                field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+          }
+        case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+          return new ImmutableEnumFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+        case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+          return new ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+        default:
+          return new ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(
+              field, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 
 static inline void ReportUnexpectedPackedFieldsCall(io::Printer* printer) {
   // Reaching here indicates a bug. Cases are:
@@ -153,6 +232,13 @@ GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(io::Printer* printer) const {
   ReportUnexpectedPackedFieldsCall(printer);
 }
 
+ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator::~ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  ReportUnexpectedPackedFieldsCall(printer);
+}
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 template <>
@@ -178,6 +264,28 @@ FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldGenerator>::FieldGeneratorMap(
 template<>
 FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldGenerator>::~FieldGeneratorMap() {}
 
+template <>
+FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator>::FieldGeneratorMap(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      field_generators_(new google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<
+          ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator>[descriptor->field_count()]) {
+  // Construct all the FieldGenerators and assign them bit indices for their
+  // bit fields.
+  int messageBitIndex = 0;
+  int builderBitIndex = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator* generator = MakeImmutableLiteGenerator(
+        descriptor->field(i), messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context);
+    field_generators_[i].reset(generator);
+    messageBitIndex += generator->GetNumBitsForMessage();
+    builderBitIndex += generator->GetNumBitsForBuilder();
+  }
+}
+
+template<>
+FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator>::~FieldGeneratorMap() {}
+
 
 void SetCommonFieldVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
                              const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h
index e8d6f3a2..00f3c601 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h
@@ -93,6 +93,37 @@ class ImmutableFieldGenerator {
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableFieldGenerator);
 };
 
+class ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+  virtual ~ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  virtual int GetNumBitsForMessage() const = 0;
+  virtual int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer)
+      const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer)
+      const = 0;
+
+  virtual void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  virtual string GetBoxedType() const = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
 
 // Convenience class which constructs FieldGenerators for a Descriptor.
 template<typename FieldGeneratorType>
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc
index f1e3cf67..68b47ee1 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
 #endif
+#include <set>
 
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h>
@@ -62,6 +63,19 @@ namespace java {
 
 namespace {
 
+struct FieldDescriptorCompare {
+  bool operator ()(const FieldDescriptor* f1, const FieldDescriptor* f2) {
+    if(f1 == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if(f2 == NULL) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return f1->full_name() < f2->full_name();
+  }
+};
+
+typedef std::set<const FieldDescriptor*, FieldDescriptorCompare> FieldDescriptorSet;
 
 // Recursively searches the given message to collect extensions.
 // Returns true if all the extensions can be recognized. The extensions will be
@@ -69,7 +83,7 @@ namespace {
 // Returns false when there are unknown fields, in which case the data in the
 // extensions output parameter is not reliable and should be discarded.
 bool CollectExtensions(const Message& message,
-                       vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* extensions) {
+                       FieldDescriptorSet* extensions) {
   const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
 
   // There are unknown fields that could be extensions, thus this call fails.
@@ -79,7 +93,7 @@ bool CollectExtensions(const Message& message,
   reflection->ListFields(message, &fields);
 
   for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
-    if (fields[i]->is_extension()) extensions->push_back(fields[i]);
+    if (fields[i]->is_extension()) extensions->insert(fields[i]);
 
     if (GetJavaType(fields[i]) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE) {
       if (fields[i]->is_repeated()) {
@@ -106,7 +120,7 @@ bool CollectExtensions(const Message& message,
 // in order to handle this case.
 void CollectExtensions(const FileDescriptorProto& file_proto,
                        const DescriptorPool& alternate_pool,
-                       vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* extensions,
+                       FieldDescriptorSet* extensions,
                        const string& file_data) {
   if (!CollectExtensions(file_proto, extensions)) {
     // There are unknown fields in the file_proto, which are probably
@@ -139,6 +153,42 @@ void CollectExtensions(const FileDescriptorProto& file_proto,
   }
 }
 
+// Compare two field descriptors, returning true if the first should come
+// before the second.
+bool CompareFieldsByName(const FieldDescriptor *a, const FieldDescriptor *b) {
+  return a->full_name() < b->full_name();
+}
+
+// Our static initialization methods can become very, very large.
+// So large that if we aren't careful we end up blowing the JVM's
+// 64K bytes of bytecode/method. Fortunately, since these static
+// methods are executed only once near the beginning of a program,
+// there's usually plenty of stack space available and we can
+// extend our methods by simply chaining them to another method
+// with a tail call. This inserts the sequence call-next-method,
+// end this one, begin-next-method as needed.
+void MaybeRestartJavaMethod(io::Printer* printer,
+                            int *bytecode_estimate,
+                            int *method_num,
+                            const char *chain_statement,
+                            const char *method_decl) {
+  // The goal here is to stay under 64K bytes of jvm bytecode/method,
+  // since otherwise we hit a hardcoded limit in the jvm and javac will
+  // then fail with the error "code too large". This limit lets our
+  // estimates be off by a factor of two and still we're okay.
+  static const int bytesPerMethod = 1<<15;  // aka 32K
+
+  if ((*bytecode_estimate) > bytesPerMethod) {
+    ++(*method_num);
+    printer->Print(chain_statement, "method_num", SimpleItoa(*method_num));
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("}\n");
+    printer->Print(method_decl, "method_num", SimpleItoa(*method_num));
+    printer->Indent();
+    *bytecode_estimate = 0;
+  }
+}
+
 
 }  // namespace
 
@@ -270,9 +320,16 @@ void FileGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
     printer->Print(
       "static {\n");
     printer->Indent();
+    int bytecode_estimate = 0;
+    int method_num = 0;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
-      message_generators_[i]->GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
+      bytecode_estimate += message_generators_[i]->GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
+      MaybeRestartJavaMethod(
+        printer,
+        &bytecode_estimate, &method_num,
+        "_clinit_autosplit_$method_num$();\n",
+        "private static void _clinit_autosplit_$method_num$() {\n");
     }
 
     printer->Outdent();
@@ -303,12 +360,24 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateDescriptorInitializationCodeForImmutable(
   SharedCodeGenerator shared_code_generator(file_);
   shared_code_generator.GenerateDescriptors(printer);
 
+  int bytecode_estimate = 0;
+  int method_num = 0;
 
   for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
-    message_generators_[i]->GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
+    bytecode_estimate += message_generators_[i]->GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
+    MaybeRestartJavaMethod(
+      printer,
+      &bytecode_estimate, &method_num,
+      "_clinit_autosplit_dinit_$method_num$();\n",
+      "private static void _clinit_autosplit_dinit_$method_num$() {\n");
   }
   for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
-    extension_generators_[i]->GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(printer);
+    bytecode_estimate += extension_generators_[i]->GenerateNonNestedInitializationCode(printer);
+    MaybeRestartJavaMethod(
+      printer,
+      &bytecode_estimate, &method_num,
+      "_clinit_autosplit_dinit_$method_num$();\n",
+      "private static void _clinit_autosplit_dinit_$method_num$() {\n");
   }
 
   // Proto compiler builds a DescriptorPool, which holds all the descriptors to
@@ -330,7 +399,7 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateDescriptorInitializationCodeForImmutable(
   file_->CopyTo(&file_proto);
   string file_data;
   file_proto.SerializeToString(&file_data);
-  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> extensions;
+  FieldDescriptorSet extensions;
   CollectExtensions(file_proto, *file_->pool(), &extensions, file_data);
 
   if (extensions.size() > 0) {
@@ -339,10 +408,17 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateDescriptorInitializationCodeForImmutable(
     printer->Print(
       "com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry =\n"
       "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry.newInstance();\n");
-    for (int i = 0; i < extensions.size(); i++) {
+    FieldDescriptorSet::iterator it;
+    for (it = extensions.begin(); it != extensions.end(); it++) {
       google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<ExtensionGenerator> generator(
-          generator_factory_->NewExtensionGenerator(extensions[i]));
-      generator->GenerateRegistrationCode(printer);
+          generator_factory_->NewExtensionGenerator(*it));
+      bytecode_estimate += generator->GenerateRegistrationCode(printer);
+      MaybeRestartJavaMethod(
+        printer,
+        &bytecode_estimate, &method_num,
+        "_clinit_autosplit_dinit_$method_num$(registry);\n",
+        "private static void _clinit_autosplit_dinit_$method_num$(\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {\n");
     }
     printer->Print(
       "com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor\n"
@@ -394,7 +470,7 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateDescriptorInitializationCodeForMutable(io::Printer*
   file_->CopyTo(&file_proto);
   string file_data;
   file_proto.SerializeToString(&file_data);
-  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> extensions;
+  FieldDescriptorSet extensions;
   CollectExtensions(file_proto, *file_->pool(), &extensions, file_data);
 
   if (extensions.size() > 0) {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.cc
index 2d1437f0..92ef851b 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.cc
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h>
 
 namespace google {
@@ -57,7 +58,12 @@ ImmutableGeneratorFactory::~ImmutableGeneratorFactory() {}
 
 MessageGenerator* ImmutableGeneratorFactory::NewMessageGenerator(
     const Descriptor* descriptor) const {
-  return new ImmutableMessageGenerator(descriptor, context_);
+  if (descriptor->file()->options().optimize_for() ==
+      FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME) {
+    return new ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator(descriptor, context_);
+  } else {
+    return new ImmutableMessageGenerator(descriptor, context_);
+  }
 }
 
 ExtensionGenerator* ImmutableGeneratorFactory::NewExtensionGenerator(
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.cc
index 23685385..e24894b1 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.cc
@@ -690,8 +690,8 @@ const FieldDescriptor** SortFieldsByNumber(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
     fields[i] = descriptor->field(i);
   }
-  sort(fields, fields + descriptor->field_count(),
-       FieldOrderingByNumber());
+  std::sort(fields, fields + descriptor->field_count(),
+            FieldOrderingByNumber());
   return fields;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h
index d957fdc4..96d2545f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h
@@ -196,12 +196,6 @@ inline bool HasDescriptorMethods(const FileDescriptor* descriptor) {
            FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME;
 }
 
-inline bool HasNestedBuilders(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
-  // The proto-lite version doesn't support nested builders.
-  return descriptor->file()->options().optimize_for() !=
-           FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME;
-}
-
 // Should we generate generic services for this file?
 inline bool HasGenericServices(const FileDescriptor *file) {
   return file->service_count() > 0 &&
@@ -297,6 +291,16 @@ struct ExtensionRangeOrdering {
 // and return it. The caller should delete the returned array.
 const FieldDescriptor** SortFieldsByNumber(const Descriptor* descriptor);
 
+// Does this message class have any packed fields?
+inline bool HasPackedFields(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (descriptor->field(i)->is_packed()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 // Check a message type and its sub-message types recursively to see if any of
 // them has a required field. Return true if a required field is found.
 bool HasRequiredFields(const Descriptor* descriptor);
@@ -320,6 +324,10 @@ inline bool IsMapEntry(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
   return descriptor->options().map_entry();
 }
 
+inline bool IsMapField(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->is_map();
+}
+
 inline bool PreserveUnknownFields(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
   return descriptor->file()->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field.cc
index 21cab7db..0de8cbe5 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field.cc
@@ -72,14 +72,12 @@ GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
     "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
     "  return ($type$) $name$_.getValue($type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
-   "}\n");
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
-      "  return $name$_;\n"
-      "}\n");
-  }
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
+    "  return $name$_;\n"
+    "}\n");
 }
 
 void ImmutableLazyMessageFieldGenerator::
@@ -92,14 +90,12 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
     "private com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite $name$_ =\n"
     "    new com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite();\n");
 
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      // If this builder is non-null, it is used and the other fields are
-      // ignored.
-      "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> $name$Builder_;"
-      "\n");
-  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    // If this builder is non-null, it is used and the other fields are
+    // ignored.
+    "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> $name$Builder_;"
+    "\n");
 
   // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
   // field of type "Field" called "Field".
@@ -179,39 +175,37 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
     "$clear_has_field_bit_builder$;\n"
     "return this;\n");
 
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder get$capitalized_name$Builder() {\n"
-      "  $set_has_field_bit_builder$;\n"
-      "  $on_changed$\n"
-      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder();\n"
-      "}\n");
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
-      "  if ($name$Builder_ != null) {\n"
-      "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder();\n"
-      "  } else {\n"
-      "    return $name$_;\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "}\n");
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
-      "    get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() {\n"
-      "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
-      "    $name$Builder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
-      "            $name$_,\n"
-      "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
-      "            isClean());\n"
-      "    $name$_ = null;\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
-      "}\n");
-  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder get$capitalized_name$Builder() {\n"
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_builder$;\n"
+    "  $on_changed$\n"
+    "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
+    "  if ($name$Builder_ != null) {\n"
+    "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder();\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    return $name$_;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() {\n"
+    "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
+    "    $name$Builder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
+    "            $name$_,\n"
+    "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
+    "            isClean());\n"
+    "    $name$_ = null;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
+    "}\n");
 }
 
 
@@ -243,9 +237,8 @@ GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "}\n");
 
   printer->Print(variables_,
-      "result.$name$_.setByteString(\n"
-      "    $name$_.toByteString(),\n"
-      "    $name$_.getExtensionRegistry());\n");
+      "result.$name$_.set(\n"
+      "    $name$_);\n");
 }
 
 void ImmutableLazyMessageFieldGenerator::
@@ -425,9 +418,8 @@ GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
   printer->Print(variables_,
       "result.$oneof_name$_ = new $lazy_type$();\n"
-      "(($lazy_type$) result.$oneof_name$_).setByteString(\n"
-      "    (($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_).toByteString(),\n"
-      "    (($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_).getExtensionRegistry());\n");
+      "(($lazy_type$) result.$oneof_name$_).set(\n"
+      "    (($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_));\n");
   printer->Outdent();
   printer->Print("}\n");
 }
@@ -540,14 +532,12 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
     "}\n"
     "\n");
 
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      // If this builder is non-null, it is used and the other fields are
-      // ignored.
-      "private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> $name$Builder_;\n"
-      "\n");
-  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    // If this builder is non-null, it is used and the other fields are
+    // ignored.
+    "private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> $name$Builder_;\n"
+    "\n");
 
   // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
   // repeated field of type "Field" called "RepeatedField".
@@ -725,70 +715,68 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
     "return this;\n");
 
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder get$capitalized_name$Builder(\n"
-      "    int index) {\n"
-      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder(index);\n"
-      "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder get$capitalized_name$Builder(\n"
+    "    int index) {\n"
+    "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
 
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-        printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder(\n"
-      "    int index) {\n"
-      "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
-      "    return $name$_.get(index);"
-      "  } else {\n"
-      "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder(index);\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder(\n"
+    "    int index) {\n"
+    "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
+    "    return $name$_.get(index);"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder(index);\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
 
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-        printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<? extends $type$OrBuilder> \n"
-      "     get$capitalized_name$OrBuilderList() {\n"
-      "  if ($name$Builder_ != null) {\n"
-      "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilderList();\n"
-      "  } else {\n"
-      "    return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList($name$_);\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<? extends $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+    "     get$capitalized_name$OrBuilderList() {\n"
+    "  if ($name$Builder_ != null) {\n"
+    "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilderList();\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList($name$_);\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
 
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-        printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder add$capitalized_name$Builder() {\n"
-      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().addBuilder(\n"
-      "      $type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
-      "}\n");
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-        printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder add$capitalized_name$Builder(\n"
-      "    int index) {\n"
-      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().addBuilder(\n"
-      "      index, $type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
-      "}\n");
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-        printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$.Builder> \n"
-      "     get$capitalized_name$BuilderList() {\n"
-      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilderList();\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
-      "    get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() {\n"
-      "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
-      "    $name$Builder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
-      "            $name$_,\n"
-      "            $get_mutable_bit_builder$,\n"
-      "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
-      "            isClean());\n"
-      "    $name$_ = null;\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
-      "}\n");
-  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder add$capitalized_name$Builder() {\n"
+    "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().addBuilder(\n"
+    "      $type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder add$capitalized_name$Builder(\n"
+    "    int index) {\n"
+    "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().addBuilder(\n"
+    "      index, $type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$.Builder> \n"
+    "     get$capitalized_name$BuilderList() {\n"
+    "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilderList();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() {\n"
+    "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
+    "    $name$Builder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
+    "            $name$_,\n"
+    "            $get_mutable_bit_builder$,\n"
+    "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
+    "            isClean());\n"
+    "    $name$_ = null;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
+    "}\n");
 }
 
 void RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldGenerator::
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..283ba1d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: niwasaki@google.com (Naoki Iwasaki)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+    int messageBitIndex,
+    int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+          descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context) {
+}
+
+ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+~ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite $name$_ =\n"
+    "    new com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite();\n");
+
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return ($type$) $name$_.getValue($type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
+   "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $name$_.setValue(value);\n"
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  $name$_.setValue(builderForValue.build());\n"
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void merge$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if ($get_has_field_bit_message$ &&\n"
+    "      !$name$_.containsDefaultInstance()) {\n"
+    "    $name$_.setValue(\n"
+    "      $type$.newBuilder(\n"
+    "          get$capitalized_name$()).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial());\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    $name$_.setValue(value);\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  $name$_.clear();\n"
+    "  $clear_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
+  // field of type "Field" called "Field".
+
+  // boolean hasField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(builderForValue);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder merge$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.merge$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_.clear();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (other.has$capitalized_name$()) {\n"
+    "  $name$_.merge(other.$name$_);\n"
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_.setByteString(input.readBytes(), extensionRegistry);\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$set_has_field_bit_message$;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Do not de-serialize lazy fields.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($get_has_field_bit_message$) {\n"
+    "  output.writeBytes($number$, $name$_.toByteString());\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($get_has_field_bit_message$) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .computeLazyFieldSize($number$, $name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                            int messageBitIndex,
+                                            int builderBitIndex,
+                                            Context* context)
+    : ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+          descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+  variables_["lazy_type"] = "com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite";
+}
+
+ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+~ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "    return ($type$) (($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_).getValue(\n"
+    "        $type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  if (!($has_oneof_case_message$)) {\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = new $lazy_type$();\n"
+    "    $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  (($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_).setValue(value);\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  if (!($has_oneof_case_message$)) {\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = new $lazy_type$();\n"
+    "    $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  (($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_).setValue(builderForValue.build());\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void merge$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$ &&\n"
+    "      !(($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_).containsDefaultInstance()) {\n"
+    "    (($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_).setValue(\n"
+    "       $type$.newBuilder(\n"
+    "          get$capitalized_name$()).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial());\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    if (!($has_oneof_case_message$)) {\n"
+    "      $oneof_name$_ = new $lazy_type$();\n"
+    "      $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "    }\n"
+    "    (($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_).setValue(value);\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "    $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // boolean hasField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(builderForValue);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder merge$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.merge$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (!($has_oneof_case_message$)) {\n"
+    "  $oneof_name$_ = new $lazy_type$();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "(($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_).merge(\n"
+    "    ($lazy_type$) other.$oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (!($has_oneof_case_message$)) {\n"
+    "  $oneof_name$_ = new $lazy_type$();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "(($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_).setByteString(\n"
+    "    input.readBytes(), extensionRegistry);\n"
+    "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Do not de-serialize lazy fields.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "  output.writeBytes(\n"
+    "      $number$, (($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_).toByteString());\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .computeLazyFieldSize($number$, ($lazy_type$) $oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+    int messageBitIndex,
+    int builderBitIndex,
+    Context* context)
+    : RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+          descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context) {
+}
+
+
+RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+~RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList<\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite> $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$>\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$List() {\n"
+    "  java.util.List<$type$> list =\n"
+    "      new java.util.ArrayList<$type$>($name$_.size());\n"
+    "  for (com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite lf : $name$_) {\n"
+    "    list.add(($type$) lf.getValue($type$.getDefaultInstance()));\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    // TODO(dweis): Make this list immutable?
+    "  return list;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<? extends $type$OrBuilder>\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$OrBuilderList() {\n"
+    "  return get$capitalized_name$List();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Count() {\n"
+    "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  return ($type$)\n"
+    "      $name$_.get(index).getValue($type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder(\n"
+    "    int index) {\n"
+    "  return ($type$OrBuilder)\n"
+    "      $name$_.get(index).getValue($type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+    "  if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = newProtobufList($name$_);\n"
+    "   }\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.set(\n"
+    "      index, com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite.fromValue(value));\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.set(index, com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite.fromValue(\n"
+    "      builderForValue.build()));\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void add$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.add(com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite.fromValue(value));\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.add(\n"
+    "      index, com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite.fromValue(value));\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.add(com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite.fromValue(\n"
+    "      builderForValue.build()));\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.add(index, com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite.fromValue(\n"
+    "      builderForValue.build()));\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addAllRepeatedField(Iterable<Field> values)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $type$> values) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  for (com.google.protobuf.MessageLite v : values) {\n"
+    "    $name$_.add(com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite.fromValue(v));\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder clearAllRepeatedField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = emptyProtobufList();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder removeRepeatedField(int index)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void remove$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.remove(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // List<Field> getRepeatedFieldList()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> get$capitalized_name$List() {\n"
+    "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(\n"
+    "      instance.get$capitalized_name$List());\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // int getRepeatedFieldCount()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Count() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Count();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field getRepeatedField(int index)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(index, value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(index, builderForValue);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(index, value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(builderForValue);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(index, builderForValue);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addAllRepeatedField(Iterable<Field> values)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $type$> values) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.addAll$capitalized_name$(values);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder clearAllRepeatedField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder removeRepeatedField(int index)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder remove$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.remove$capitalized_name$(index);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = newProtobufList();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "$name$_.add(new com.google.protobuf.LazyFieldLite(\n"
+    "    extensionRegistry, input.readBytes()));\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+    "  output.writeBytes($number$, $name$_.get(i).toByteString());\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .computeLazyFieldSize($number$, $name$_.get(i));\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e85ec0f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_lazy_message_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: niwasaki@google.com (Naoki Iwasaki)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_LAZY_MESSAGE_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_LAZY_MESSAGE_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+  namespace compiler {
+    namespace java {
+      class Context;  // context.h
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // overroads ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableLazyMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // overroads RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator ----------------------
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutableLazyMessageFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_LAZY_MESSAGE_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc
index 2986f51f..44b86cd7 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc
@@ -133,9 +133,11 @@ void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
   (*variables)["set_mutable_bit_parser"] =
       GenerateSetBitMutableLocal(builderBitIndex);
 
+  (*variables)["default_entry"] = (*variables)["capitalized_name"] +
+      "DefaultEntryHolder.defaultEntry";
   if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->file())) {
     (*variables)["lite"] = "";
-    (*variables)["map_field_parameter"] = (*variables)["name"] + "DefaultEntry";
+    (*variables)["map_field_parameter"] = (*variables)["default_entry"];
     (*variables)["descriptor"] =
         name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor->file()) +
         ".internal_" + UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor->message_type()) +
@@ -154,9 +156,7 @@ ImmutableMapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
                                        int messageBitIndex,
                                        int builderBitIndex,
                                        Context* context)
-  : descriptor_(descriptor), messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
-    builderBitIndex_(builderBitIndex), context_(context),
-    name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver())  {
+  : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver())  {
   SetMessageVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
                       context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
                       name_resolver_, &variables_);
@@ -201,22 +201,29 @@ void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::
 GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(
       variables_,
-      "private static final com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$<\n"
-      "    $type_parameters$> $name$DefaultEntry =\n"
-      "        com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$\n"
-      "        .<$type_parameters$>newDefaultInstance(\n"
-      "            $descriptor$\n"
-      "            $key_wire_type$,\n"
-      "            $key_default_value$,\n"
-      "            $value_wire_type$,\n"
-      "            $value_default_value$);\n");
+      "private static final class $capitalized_name$DefaultEntryHolder {\n"
+      "  static final com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$<\n"
+      "      $type_parameters$> defaultEntry =\n"
+      "          com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$\n"
+      "          .<$type_parameters$>newDefaultInstance(\n"
+      "              $descriptor$\n"
+      "              $key_wire_type$,\n"
+      "              $key_default_value$,\n"
+      "              $value_wire_type$,\n"
+      "              $value_default_value$);\n"
+      "}\n");
   printer->Print(
       variables_,
       "private com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$<\n"
-      "    $type_parameters$> $name$_ =\n"
-      "        com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$.emptyMapField(\n"
-      "            $map_field_parameter$);\n"
-      "\n");
+      "    $type_parameters$> $name$_;\n"
+      "private com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
+      "internalGet$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  if ($name$_ == null) {\n"
+      "    return com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$.emptyMapField(\n"
+      "        $map_field_parameter$);\n"
+      " }\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
   if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
     printer->Print(
         variables_,
@@ -233,7 +240,7 @@ GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
           "$deprecation$\n"
           "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
           "get$capitalized_name$Value() {\n"
-          "  return $name$_.getMap();\n"
+          "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
           "}\n");
     }
     WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
@@ -244,7 +251,8 @@ GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
         "get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
         "  return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter<\n"
         "      $boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$, java.lang.Integer>(\n"
-        "          $name$_.getMap(), $name$ValueConverter);\n"
+        "          internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap(),\n"
+        "          $name$ValueConverter);\n"
         "}\n");
   } else {
     WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
@@ -252,7 +260,7 @@ GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
         variables_,
         "$deprecation$\n"
         "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
-        "  return $name$_.getMap();\n"
+        "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
         "}\n");
   }
 }
@@ -262,10 +270,27 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(
       variables_,
       "private com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$<\n"
-      "    $type_parameters$> $name$_ =\n"
-      "        com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$.newMapField(\n"
-      "            $map_field_parameter$);\n"
-      "\n");
+      "    $type_parameters$> $name$_;\n"
+      "private com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
+      "internalGet$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  if ($name$_ == null) {\n"
+      "    return com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$.emptyMapField(\n"
+      "        $map_field_parameter$);\n"
+      " }\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "private com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
+      "internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  $on_changed$;\n"
+      "  if ($name$_ == null) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ = com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$.newMapField(\n"
+      "        $map_field_parameter$);\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  if (!$name$_.isMutable()) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ = $name$_.copy();\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
   if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
     WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
     printer->Print(
@@ -275,7 +300,8 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
         "get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
         "  return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter<\n"
         "      $boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$, java.lang.Integer>(\n"
-        "          $name$_.getMap(), $name$ValueConverter);\n"
+        "          internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap(),\n"
+        "          $name$ValueConverter);\n"
         "}\n");
     WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
     printer->Print(
@@ -283,10 +309,10 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
         "$deprecation$\n"
         "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
         "getMutable$capitalized_name$() {\n"
-        "  $on_changed$\n"
         "  return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter<\n"
         "      $boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$, java.lang.Integer>(\n"
-        "          $name$_.getMutableMap(), $name$ValueConverter);\n"
+        "          internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap(),\n"
+        "          $name$ValueConverter);\n"
         "}\n");
     if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
       WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
@@ -295,7 +321,7 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
           "$deprecation$\n"
           "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
           "get$capitalized_name$Value() {\n"
-          "  return $name$_.getMap();\n"
+          "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
           "}\n");
       WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
       printer->Print(
@@ -303,8 +329,7 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
           "$deprecation$\n"
           "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
           "getMutable$capitalized_name$Value() {\n"
-          "  $on_changed$\n"
-          "  return $name$_.getMutableMap();\n"
+          "  return internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap();\n"
           "}\n");
     }
   } else {
@@ -312,15 +337,14 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
     printer->Print(
         variables_,
         "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
-        "  return $name$_.getMap();\n"
+        "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
         "}\n");
     WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
     printer->Print(
         variables_,
         "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
         "getMutable$capitalized_name$() {\n"
-        "  $on_changed$\n"
-        "  return $name$_.getMutableMap();\n"
+        "  return internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap();\n"
         "}\n");
   }
 }
@@ -339,24 +363,23 @@ void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::
 GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(
       variables_,
-      "$name$_.clear();\n");
+      "internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().clear();\n");
 }
 
 void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::
 GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(
       variables_,
-      "$name$_.mergeFrom(other.$name$_);\n");
+      "internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().mergeFrom(\n"
+      "    other.internalGet$capitalized_name$());\n");
 }
 
 void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::
 GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(
       variables_,
-      // We do a copy of the map field to ensure that the built result is
-      // immutable. Implementation of this copy() method can do copy-on-write
-      // to defer this copy until further modifications are made on the field.
-      "result.$name$_ = $name$_.copy();\n");
+      "result.$name$_ = internalGet$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "result.$name$_.makeImmutable();\n");
 }
 
 void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::
@@ -374,7 +397,7 @@ GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
         variables_,
         "com.google.protobuf.ByteString bytes = input.readBytes();\n"
         "com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
-        "$name$ = $name$DefaultEntry.getParserForType().parseFrom(bytes);\n");
+        "$name$ = $default_entry$.getParserForType().parseFrom(bytes);\n");
     printer->Print(
         variables_,
         "if ($value_enum_type$.valueOf($name$.getValue()) == null) {\n"
@@ -387,7 +410,7 @@ GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
         variables_,
         "com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
         "$name$ = input.readMessage(\n"
-        "    $name$DefaultEntry.getParserForType(), extensionRegistry);\n"
+        "    $default_entry$.getParserForType(), extensionRegistry);\n"
         "$name$_.getMutableMap().put($name$.getKey(), $name$.getValue());\n");
   }
 }
@@ -402,9 +425,9 @@ GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(
       variables_,
       "for (java.util.Map.Entry<$type_parameters$> entry\n"
-      "     : $name$_.getMap().entrySet()) {\n"
+      "     : internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap().entrySet()) {\n"
       "  com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
-      "  $name$ = $name$DefaultEntry.newBuilderForType()\n"
+      "  $name$ = $default_entry$.newBuilderForType()\n"
       "      .setKey(entry.getKey())\n"
       "      .setValue(entry.getValue())\n"
       "      .build();\n"
@@ -417,9 +440,9 @@ GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(
       variables_,
       "for (java.util.Map.Entry<$type_parameters$> entry\n"
-      "     : $name$_.getMap().entrySet()) {\n"
+      "     : internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap().entrySet()) {\n"
       "  com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
-      "  $name$ = $name$DefaultEntry.newBuilderForType()\n"
+      "  $name$ = $default_entry$.newBuilderForType()\n"
       "      .setKey(entry.getKey())\n"
       "      .setValue(entry.getValue())\n"
       "      .build();\n"
@@ -432,16 +455,17 @@ void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::
 GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(
       variables_,
-      "result = result && $name$_.equals(other.$name$_);\n");
+      "result = result && internalGet$capitalized_name$().equals(\n"
+      "    other.internalGet$capitalized_name$());\n");
 }
 
 void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::
 GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(
       variables_,
-      "if (!$name$_.getMap().isEmpty()) {\n"
+      "if (!internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap().isEmpty()) {\n"
       "  hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
-      "  hash = (53 * hash) + $name$_.hashCode();\n"
+      "  hash = (53 * hash) + internalGet$capitalized_name$().hashCode();\n"
       "}\n");
 }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.h
index 80a94f45..f2768f3a 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.h
@@ -68,9 +68,6 @@ class ImmutableMapFieldGenerator : public ImmutableFieldGenerator {
  private:
   const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
   map<string, string> variables_;
-  const int messageBitIndex_;
-  const int builderBitIndex_;
-  Context* context_;
   ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd1698f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+
+const FieldDescriptor* KeyField(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, descriptor->type());
+  const Descriptor* message = descriptor->message_type();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(message->options().map_entry());
+  return message->FindFieldByName("key");
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* ValueField(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, descriptor->type());
+  const Descriptor* message = descriptor->message_type();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(message->options().map_entry());
+  return message->FindFieldByName("value");
+}
+
+string TypeName(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                bool boxed) {
+  if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(field->message_type());
+  } else if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    return name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(field->enum_type());
+  } else {
+    return boxed ? BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(field))
+                 : PrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(field));
+  }
+}
+
+string WireType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return "com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FieldType." +
+      string(FieldTypeName(field->type()));
+}
+
+void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                         int messageBitIndex,
+                         int builderBitIndex,
+                         const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                         ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                         map<string, string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+
+  (*variables)["type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+  const FieldDescriptor* key = KeyField(descriptor);
+  const FieldDescriptor* value = ValueField(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["key_type"] = TypeName(key, name_resolver, false);
+  (*variables)["boxed_key_type"] = TypeName(key, name_resolver, true);
+  (*variables)["key_wire_type"] = WireType(key);
+  (*variables)["key_default_value"] = DefaultValue(key, true, name_resolver);
+  if (GetJavaType(value) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    // We store enums as Integers internally.
+    (*variables)["value_type"] = "int";
+    (*variables)["boxed_value_type"] = "java.lang.Integer";
+    (*variables)["value_wire_type"] = WireType(value);
+    (*variables)["value_default_value"] =
+        DefaultValue(value, true, name_resolver) + ".getNumber()";
+
+    (*variables)["value_enum_type"] = TypeName(value, name_resolver, false);
+
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor->file())) {
+      // Map unknown values to a special UNRECOGNIZED value if supported.
+      (*variables)["unrecognized_value"] =
+          (*variables)["value_enum_type"] + ".UNRECOGNIZED";
+    } else {
+      // Map unknown values to the default value if we don't have UNRECOGNIZED.
+      (*variables)["unrecognized_value"] =
+          DefaultValue(value, true, name_resolver);
+    }
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["value_type"] = TypeName(value, name_resolver, false);
+    (*variables)["boxed_value_type"] = TypeName(value, name_resolver, true);
+    (*variables)["value_wire_type"] = WireType(value);
+    (*variables)["value_default_value"] =
+        DefaultValue(value, true, name_resolver);
+  }
+  (*variables)["type_parameters"] =
+      (*variables)["boxed_key_type"] + ", " + (*variables)["boxed_value_type"];
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] = descriptor->options().deprecated()
+      ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  (*variables)["on_changed"] =
+      HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->containing_type()) ? "onChanged();" : "";
+
+  (*variables)["default_entry"] = (*variables)["capitalized_name"] +
+      "DefaultEntryHolder.defaultEntry";
+  (*variables)["lite"] = "Lite";
+  (*variables)["descriptor"] = "";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       int messageBitIndex,
+                                       int builderBitIndex,
+                                       Context* context)
+  : descriptor_(descriptor), name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver())  {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                      context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                      name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+~ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+        "get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "$deprecation$java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+          "get$capitalized_name$Value();\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+        "get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private static final class $capitalized_name$DefaultEntryHolder {\n"
+      "  static final com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$<\n"
+      "      $type_parameters$> defaultEntry =\n"
+      "          com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$\n"
+      "          .<$type_parameters$>newDefaultInstance(\n"
+      "              $descriptor$\n"
+      "              $key_wire_type$,\n"
+      "              $key_default_value$,\n"
+      "              $value_wire_type$,\n"
+      "              $value_default_value$);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "private com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$<\n"
+      "    $type_parameters$> $name$_ =\n"
+      "        com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$.emptyMapField();\n"
+      "private com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
+      "internalGet$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "private com.google.protobuf.MapField$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
+      "internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  if (!$name$_.isMutable()) {\n"
+      "    $name$_ = $name$_.copy();\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "private static final\n"
+        "com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter.Converter<\n"
+        "    java.lang.Integer, $value_enum_type$> $name$ValueConverter =\n"
+        "        com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter.newEnumConverter(\n"
+        "            $value_enum_type$.internalGetValueMap(),\n"
+        "            $unrecognized_value$);\n");
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "$deprecation$\n"
+          "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
+          "get$capitalized_name$Value() {\n"
+          "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+        "get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+        "  return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter<\n"
+        "      $boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$, java.lang.Integer>(\n"
+        "          internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap(),\n"
+        "          $name$ValueConverter);\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+        "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap();\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+
+  // Generate private setters for the builder to proxy into.
+  if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "private java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+        "getMutable$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+        "  return new com.google.protobuf.Internal.MapAdapter<\n"
+        "      $boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$, java.lang.Integer>(\n"
+        "          internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap(),\n"
+        "          $name$ValueConverter);\n"
+        "}\n");
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "private java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
+          "getMutable$capitalized_name$Value() {\n"
+          "  return internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap();\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "private java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+        "getMutable$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+        "  return internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().getMutableMap();\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+        "get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+        "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "$deprecation$\n"
+        "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $value_enum_type$>\n"
+        "getMutable$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+        "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+        "  return instance.getMutable$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    if (SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file())) {
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "$deprecation$\n"
+          "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
+          "get$capitalized_name$Value() {\n"
+          "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Value();\n"
+          "}\n");
+      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(
+          variables_,
+          "$deprecation$\n"
+          "public java.util.Map<$boxed_key_type$, $boxed_value_type$>\n"
+          "getMutable$capitalized_name$Value() {\n"
+          "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+          "  return instance.getMutable$capitalized_name$Value();\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+        "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$>\n"
+        "getMutable$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+        "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+        "  return instance.getMutable$capitalized_name$();\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer)  const {
+  // Nothing to initialize.
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Nothing to initialize.
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$().mergeFrom(\n"
+      "    other.internalGet$capitalized_name$());\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_.makeImmutable();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if (!$name$_.isMutable()) {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = $name$_.copy();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  if (!SupportUnknownEnumValue(descriptor_->file()) &&
+      GetJavaType(ValueField(descriptor_)) == JAVATYPE_ENUM) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "com.google.protobuf.ByteString bytes = input.readBytes();\n"
+        "com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
+        "$name$ = $default_entry$.getParserForType().parseFrom(bytes);\n");
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "if ($value_enum_type$.valueOf($name$.getValue()) == null) {\n"
+        "  unknownFields.mergeLengthDelimitedField($number$, bytes);\n"
+        "} else {\n"
+        "  $name$_.getMutableMap().put($name$.getKey(), $name$.getValue());\n"
+        "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
+        "$name$ = input.readMessage(\n"
+        "    $default_entry$.getParserForType(), extensionRegistry);\n"
+        "$name$_.getMutableMap().put($name$.getKey(), $name$.getValue());\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Nothing to do here.
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "for (java.util.Map.Entry<$type_parameters$> entry\n"
+      "     : internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap().entrySet()) {\n"
+      "  com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
+      "  $name$ = $default_entry$.newBuilderForType()\n"
+      "      .setKey(entry.getKey())\n"
+      "      .setValue(entry.getValue())\n"
+      "      .build();\n"
+      "  output.writeMessage($number$, $name$);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "for (java.util.Map.Entry<$type_parameters$> entry\n"
+      "     : internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap().entrySet()) {\n"
+      "  com.google.protobuf.MapEntry$lite$<$type_parameters$>\n"
+      "  $name$ = $default_entry$.newBuilderForType()\n"
+      "      .setKey(entry.getKey())\n"
+      "      .setValue(entry.getValue())\n"
+      "      .build();\n"
+      "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+      "      .computeMessageSize($number$, $name$);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "result = result && internalGet$capitalized_name$().equals(\n"
+      "    other.internalGet$capitalized_name$());\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "if (!internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap().isEmpty()) {\n"
+      "  hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+      "  hash = (53 * hash) + internalGet$capitalized_name$().hashCode();\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+string ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->message_type());
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a09cd536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MAP_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MAP_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableMapFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MAP_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc
index 1171b718..09b0fd94 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
@@ -93,44 +95,47 @@ ImmutableMessageGenerator::ImmutableMessageGenerator(
   : MessageGenerator(descriptor), context_(context),
     name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()),
     field_generators_(descriptor, context_) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(
+      FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME, descriptor->file()->options().optimize_for());
 }
 
 ImmutableMessageGenerator::~ImmutableMessageGenerator() {}
 
 void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateStaticVariables(io::Printer* printer) {
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    // Because descriptor.proto (com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos) is
-    // used in the construction of descriptors, we have a tricky bootstrapping
-    // problem.  To help control static initialization order, we make sure all
-    // descriptors and other static data that depends on them are members of
-    // the outermost class in the file.  This way, they will be initialized in
-    // a deterministic order.
-
-    map<string, string> vars;
-    vars["identifier"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_);
-    vars["index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->index());
-    vars["classname"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_);
-    if (descriptor_->containing_type() != NULL) {
-      vars["parent"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(
-          descriptor_->containing_type());
-    }
-    if (MultipleJavaFiles(descriptor_->file(), /* immutable = */ true)) {
-      // We can only make these package-private since the classes that use them
-      // are in separate files.
-      vars["private"] = "";
-    } else {
-      vars["private"] = "private ";
-    }
+  // Because descriptor.proto (com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos) is
+  // used in the construction of descriptors, we have a tricky bootstrapping
+  // problem.  To help control static initialization order, we make sure all
+  // descriptors and other static data that depends on them are members of
+  // the outermost class in the file.  This way, they will be initialized in
+  // a deterministic order.
 
-    // The descriptor for this type.
-    printer->Print(vars,
-      "$private$static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor\n"
-      "  internal_$identifier$_descriptor;\n");
-
-    // And the FieldAccessorTable.
-    GenerateFieldAccessorTable(printer);
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["identifier"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_);
+  vars["index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->index());
+  vars["classname"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_);
+  if (descriptor_->containing_type() != NULL) {
+    vars["parent"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(
+        descriptor_->containing_type());
+  }
+  if (MultipleJavaFiles(descriptor_->file(), /* immutable = */ true)) {
+    // We can only make these package-private since the classes that use them
+    // are in separate files.
+    vars["private"] = "";
+  } else {
+    vars["private"] = "private ";
   }
 
+  // The descriptor for this type.
+  printer->Print(vars,
+    // TODO(teboring): final needs to be added back. The way to fix it is to
+    // generate methods that can construct the types, and then still declare the
+    // types, and then init them in clinit with the new method calls.
+    "$private$static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor\n"
+    "  internal_$identifier$_descriptor;\n");
+
+  // And the FieldAccessorTable.
+  GenerateFieldAccessorTable(printer);
+
   // Generate static members for all nested types.
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
     // TODO(kenton):  Reuse MessageGenerator objects?
@@ -139,39 +144,42 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateStaticVariables(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
 }
 
-void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(
+int ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(
     io::Printer* printer) {
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    map<string, string> vars;
-    vars["identifier"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_);
-    vars["index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->index());
-    vars["classname"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_);
-    if (descriptor_->containing_type() != NULL) {
-      vars["parent"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(
-          descriptor_->containing_type());
-    }
-
-    // The descriptor for this type.
-    if (descriptor_->containing_type() == NULL) {
-      printer->Print(vars,
-        "internal_$identifier$_descriptor =\n"
-        "  getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get($index$);\n");
-    } else {
-      printer->Print(vars,
-        "internal_$identifier$_descriptor =\n"
-        "  internal_$parent$_descriptor.getNestedTypes().get($index$);\n");
-    }
+  int bytecode_estimate = 0;
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["identifier"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_);
+  vars["index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->index());
+  vars["classname"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_);
+  if (descriptor_->containing_type() != NULL) {
+    vars["parent"] = UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(
+        descriptor_->containing_type());
+  }
 
-    // And the FieldAccessorTable.
-    GenerateFieldAccessorTableInitializer(printer);
+  // The descriptor for this type.
+  if (descriptor_->containing_type() == NULL) {
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "internal_$identifier$_descriptor =\n"
+      "  getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get($index$);\n");
+    bytecode_estimate += 30;
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "internal_$identifier$_descriptor =\n"
+      "  internal_$parent$_descriptor.getNestedTypes().get($index$);\n");
+    bytecode_estimate += 30;
   }
 
+  // And the FieldAccessorTable.
+  bytecode_estimate += GenerateFieldAccessorTableInitializer(printer);
+
   // Generate static member initializers for all nested types.
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
     // TODO(kenton):  Reuse MessageGenerator objects?
-    ImmutableMessageGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), context_)
-      .GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
+    bytecode_estimate +=
+        ImmutableMessageGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), context_)
+            .GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
   }
+  return bytecode_estimate;
 }
 
 void ImmutableMessageGenerator::
@@ -191,8 +199,9 @@ GenerateFieldAccessorTable(io::Printer* printer) {
     "    internal_$identifier$_fieldAccessorTable;\n");
 }
 
-void ImmutableMessageGenerator::
+int ImmutableMessageGenerator::
 GenerateFieldAccessorTableInitializer(io::Printer* printer) {
+  int bytecode_estimate = 10;
   printer->Print(
     "internal_$identifier$_fieldAccessorTable = new\n"
     "  com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable(\n"
@@ -203,6 +212,7 @@ GenerateFieldAccessorTableInitializer(io::Printer* printer) {
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
     const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
     const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+    bytecode_estimate += 6;
     printer->Print(
       "\"$field_name$\", ",
       "field_name", info->capitalized_name);
@@ -210,50 +220,33 @@ GenerateFieldAccessorTableInitializer(io::Printer* printer) {
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
     const OneofDescriptor* oneof = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i);
     const OneofGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(oneof);
+    bytecode_estimate += 6;
     printer->Print(
       "\"$oneof_name$\", ",
       "oneof_name", info->capitalized_name);
   }
   printer->Print("});\n");
+  return bytecode_estimate;
 }
 
 // ===================================================================
 
 void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer) {
   if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
-    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "public interface $classname$OrBuilder extends\n"
-        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
-        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.\n"
-        "        ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<$classname$> {\n",
-        "extra_interfaces", ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
-        "classname", descriptor_->name());
-    } else {
-      printer->Print(
-        "public interface $classname$OrBuilder extends \n"
-        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
-        "     com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.\n"
-        "          ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<$classname$> {\n",
-        "extra_interfaces", ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
-        "classname", descriptor_->name());
-    }
+    printer->Print(
+      "public interface $classname$OrBuilder extends\n"
+      "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.\n"
+      "        ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<$classname$> {\n",
+      "extra_interfaces", ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
   } else {
-    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "public interface $classname$OrBuilder extends\n"
-        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
-        "    com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {\n",
-        "extra_interfaces", ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
-        "classname", descriptor_->name());
-    } else {
-      printer->Print(
-        "public interface $classname$OrBuilder extends\n"
-        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
-        "    com.google.protobuf.MessageLiteOrBuilder {\n",
-        "extra_interfaces", ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
-        "classname", descriptor_->name());
-    }
+    printer->Print(
+      "public interface $classname$OrBuilder extends\n"
+      "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {\n",
+      "extra_interfaces", ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
   }
 
   printer->Indent();
@@ -278,7 +271,6 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
   variables["static"] = is_own_file ? " " : " static ";
   variables["classname"] = descriptor_->name();
   variables["extra_interfaces"] = ExtraMessageInterfaces(descriptor_);
-  variables["lite"] = HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_) ? "" : "Lite";
 
   WriteMessageDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
 
@@ -287,70 +279,63 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
   if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
     printer->Print(variables,
       "public $static$final class $classname$ extends\n"
-      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$lite$.ExtendableMessage<\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.ExtendableMessage<\n"
       "      $classname$> implements\n"
       "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
       "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n");
     builder_type = strings::Substitute(
-        "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$1.ExtendableBuilder<$0, ?>",
-        name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
-        variables["lite"]);
+             "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.ExtendableBuilder<$0, ?>",
+             name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
   } else {
     printer->Print(variables,
       "public $static$final class $classname$ extends\n"
-      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$lite$ implements\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage implements\n"
       "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
       "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n");
-    builder_type = strings::Substitute(
-        "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$0.Builder",
-        variables["lite"]);
+
+    builder_type = "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder";
   }
   printer->Indent();
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    // Using builder_type, instead of Builder, prevents the Builder class from
-    // being loaded into PermGen space when the default instance is created.
-    // This optimizes the PermGen space usage for clients that do not modify
-    // messages.
-    printer->Print(
-      "// Use $classname$.newBuilder() to construct.\n"
-      "private $classname$($buildertype$ builder) {\n"
-      "  super(builder);\n"
-      "}\n",
-      "classname", descriptor_->name(),
-      "buildertype", builder_type);
-    printer->Print(
-      "private $classname$() {\n",
-      "classname", descriptor_->name());
-    printer->Indent();
-    GenerateInitializers(printer);
-    printer->Outdent();
-    printer->Print(
-      "}\n"
-      "\n");
-  }
+  // Using builder_type, instead of Builder, prevents the Builder class from
+  // being loaded into PermGen space when the default instance is created.
+  // This optimizes the PermGen space usage for clients that do not modify
+  // messages.
+  printer->Print(
+    "// Use $classname$.newBuilder() to construct.\n"
+    "private $classname$($buildertype$ builder) {\n"
+    "  super(builder);\n"
+    "}\n",
+    "classname", descriptor_->name(),
+    "buildertype", builder_type);
+  printer->Print(
+    "private $classname$() {\n",
+    "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+  GenerateInitializers(printer);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
 
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "@java.lang.Override\n"
+    "public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet\n"
+    "getUnknownFields() {\n");
+  if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
     printer->Print(
-      "@java.lang.Override\n"
-      "public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet\n"
-      "getUnknownFields() {\n");
-    if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "  return this.unknownFields;\n");
-    } else {
-      printer->Print(
-        "  return com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();\n");
-    }
+      "  return this.unknownFields;\n");
+  } else {
     printer->Print(
-      "}\n");
+      "  return com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.getDefaultInstance();\n");
   }
+  printer->Print(
+    "}\n");
 
   if (HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_)) {
     GenerateParsingConstructor(printer);
   }
 
   GenerateDescriptorMethods(printer);
-  GenerateParser(printer);
 
   // Nested types
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
@@ -460,7 +445,7 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
 
   if (HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    GenerateIsInitialized(printer, MEMOIZE);
+    GenerateIsInitialized(printer);
     GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(printer);
   }
 
@@ -481,45 +466,33 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
   // Carefully initialize the default instance in such a way that it doesn't
   // conflict with other initialization.
   printer->Print(
-    "private static final $classname$ defaultInstance;",
+    "private static final $classname$ DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n",
     "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "static {\n"
-      "  defaultInstance = new $classname$();\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n",
-      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-  } else {
-    // LITE_RUNTIME only has one constructor.
-    printer->Print(
-      "static {\n"
-      "  try {\n"
-      "    defaultInstance = new $classname$(\n"
-      "        com.google.protobuf.Internal\n"
-      "            .EMPTY_CODED_INPUT_STREAM,\n"
-      "        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite\n"
-      "            .getEmptyRegistry());\n"
-      "  } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {\n"
-      "    throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n",
-      "classname", descriptor_->name());
-  }
+  printer->Print(
+    "static {\n"
+    "  DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new $classname$();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
   printer->Print(
       "public static $classname$ getDefaultInstance() {\n"
-      "  return defaultInstance;\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n"
-      "public $classname$ getDefaultInstanceForType() {\n"
-      "  return defaultInstance;\n"
+      "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n"
       "}\n"
       "\n",
       "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
 
-  // Extensions must be declared after the defaultInstance is initialized
-  // because the defaultInstance is used by the extension to lazily retrieve
+  GenerateParser(printer);
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "public $classname$ getDefaultInstanceForType() {\n"
+    "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  // Extensions must be declared after the DEFAULT_INSTANCE is initialized
+  // because the DEFAULT_INSTANCE is used by the extension to lazily retrieve
   // the outer class's FileDescriptor.
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
     ImmutableExtensionGenerator(descriptor_->extension(i), context_)
@@ -542,36 +515,36 @@ GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_range_count(); ++i) {
     sorted_extensions.push_back(descriptor_->extension_range(i));
   }
-  sort(sorted_extensions.begin(), sorted_extensions.end(),
-       ExtensionRangeOrdering());
+  std::sort(sorted_extensions.begin(), sorted_extensions.end(),
+            ExtensionRangeOrdering());
 
   printer->Print(
     "public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)\n"
     "                    throws java.io.IOException {\n");
   printer->Indent();
-  // writeTo(CodedOutputStream output) might be invoked without
-  // getSerializedSize() ever being called, but we need the memoized
-  // sizes in case this message has packed fields. Rather than emit checks for
-  // each packed field, just call getSerializedSize() up front for all messages.
-  // In most cases, getSerializedSize() will have already been called anyway by
-  // one of the wrapper writeTo() methods, making this call cheap.
-  printer->Print(
-    "getSerializedSize();\n");
+  if (HasPackedFields(descriptor_)) {
+    // writeTo(CodedOutputStream output) might be invoked without
+    // getSerializedSize() ever being called, but we need the memoized
+    // sizes in case this message has packed fields. Rather than emit checks for
+    // each packed field, just call getSerializedSize() up front.
+    // In most cases, getSerializedSize() will have already been called anyway
+    // by one of the wrapper writeTo() methods, making this call cheap.
+    printer->Print(
+      "getSerializedSize();\n");
+  }
 
   if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
     if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
       printer->Print(
-        "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$lite$\n"
-        "  .ExtendableMessage<$classname$>.ExtensionWriter extensionWriter =\n"
-        "    newMessageSetExtensionWriter();\n",
-        "lite", HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_) ? "" : "Lite",
+        "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage\n"
+        "  .ExtendableMessage<$classname$>.ExtensionWriter\n"
+        "    extensionWriter = newMessageSetExtensionWriter();\n",
         "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
     } else {
       printer->Print(
-        "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$lite$\n"
-        "  .ExtendableMessage<$classname$>.ExtensionWriter extensionWriter =\n"
-        "    newExtensionWriter();\n",
-        "lite", HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_) ? "" : "Lite",
+        "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage\n"
+        "  .ExtendableMessage<$classname$>.ExtensionWriter\n"
+        "    extensionWriter = newExtensionWriter();\n",
         "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
     }
   }
@@ -592,8 +565,7 @@ GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
 
   if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
-    if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()
-        && HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
+    if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
       printer->Print(
         "unknownFields.writeAsMessageSetTo(output);\n");
     } else {
@@ -629,8 +601,7 @@ GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
 
   if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
-    if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()
-        && HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
+    if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
       printer->Print(
         "size += unknownFields.getSerializedSizeAsMessageSet();\n");
     } else {
@@ -727,570 +698,115 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(
 // ===================================================================
 
 void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateBuilder(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // LITE_RUNTIME implements this at the GeneratedMessageLite level.
+  printer->Print(
+    "public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }\n");
+
   printer->Print(
-    "public static Builder newBuilder() { return new Builder(); }\n"
-    "public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }\n"
+    "public static Builder newBuilder() {\n"
+    "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();\n"
+    "}\n"
     "public static Builder newBuilder($classname$ prototype) {\n"
-    "  return newBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);\n"
+    "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public Builder toBuilder() {\n"
+    "  return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE\n"
+    "      ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "public Builder toBuilder() { return newBuilder(this); }\n"
     "\n",
     "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
 
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_)) {
-     printer->Print(
-      "@java.lang.Override\n"
-      "protected Builder newBuilderForType(\n"
-      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {\n"
-      "  Builder builder = new Builder(parent);\n"
-      "  return builder;\n"
-      "}\n");
-  }
-
-  WriteMessageDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-
-  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
-    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "public static final class Builder extends\n"
-        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.ExtendableBuilder<\n"
-        "      $classname$, Builder> implements\n"
-        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
-        "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n",
-        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
-        "extra_interfaces", ExtraBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_));
-    } else {
-      printer->Print(
-        "public static final class Builder extends\n"
-        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableBuilder<\n"
-        "      $classname$, Builder> implements\n"
-        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
-        "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n",
-        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
-        "extra_interfaces", ExtraBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_));
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "public static final class Builder extends\n"
-        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<Builder> implements\n"
-        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
-        "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n",
-        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
-        "extra_interfaces", ExtraBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_));
-    } else {
-      printer->Print(
-        "public static final class Builder extends\n"
-        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.Builder<\n"
-        "      $classname$, Builder>\n"
-        "    implements\n"
-        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
-        "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n",
-        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
-        "extra_interfaces", ExtraBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_));
-    }
-  }
-  printer->Indent();
-
-  GenerateDescriptorMethods(printer);
-  GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(printer);
-
-  if (HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    GenerateIsInitialized(printer, DONT_MEMOIZE);
-    GenerateBuilderParsingMethods(printer);
-  }
-
-  // oneof
-  map<string, string> vars;
-  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
-    vars["oneof_name"] = context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
-        descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name;
-    vars["oneof_capitalized_name"] = context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
-        descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->capitalized_name;
-    vars["oneof_index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->index());
-    // oneofCase_ and oneof_
-    printer->Print(vars,
-      "private int $oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
-      "private java.lang.Object $oneof_name$_;\n");
-    // oneofCase() and clearOneof()
-    printer->Print(vars,
-      "public $oneof_capitalized_name$Case\n"
-      "    get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case() {\n"
-      "  return $oneof_capitalized_name$Case.valueOf(\n"
-      "      $oneof_name$Case_);\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n"
-      "public Builder clear$oneof_capitalized_name$() {\n"
-      "  $oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
-      "  $oneof_name$_ = null;\n");
-    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-      printer->Print("  onChanged();\n");
-    }
-    printer->Print(
-      "  return this;\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n");
-  }
-
-  if (GenerateHasBits(descriptor_)) {
-    // Integers for bit fields.
-    int totalBits = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
-      totalBits += field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
-          .GetNumBitsForBuilder();
-    }
-    int totalInts = (totalBits + 31) / 32;
-    for (int i = 0; i < totalInts; i++) {
-      printer->Print("private int $bit_field_name$;\n",
-        "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
-    printer->Print("\n");
-    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
-                     .GenerateBuilderMembers(printer);
-  }
-
-  if (!PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "public final Builder setUnknownFields(\n"
-      "    final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {\n"
-      "  return this;\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n"
-      "public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(\n"
-      "    final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {\n"
-      "  return this;\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n");
-  }
-
   printer->Print(
-    "\n"
-    "// @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:$full_name$)\n",
-    "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
-
-  printer->Outdent();
-  printer->Print("}\n");
+    "@java.lang.Override\n"
+    "protected Builder newBuilderForType(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {\n"
+    "  Builder builder = new Builder(parent);\n"
+    "  return builder;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  MessageBuilderGenerator builderGenerator(descriptor_, context_);
+  builderGenerator.Generate(printer);
 }
 
 void ImmutableMessageGenerator::
 GenerateDescriptorMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    if (!descriptor_->options().no_standard_descriptor_accessor()) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor\n"
-        "    getDescriptor() {\n"
-        "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_descriptor;\n"
-        "}\n"
-        "\n",
-        "fileclass", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
-        "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_));
-    }
-    vector<const FieldDescriptor*> map_fields;
-    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
-      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
-      if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
-          IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
-        map_fields.push_back(field);
-      }
-    }
-    if (!map_fields.empty()) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "@SuppressWarnings({\"rawtypes\"})\n"
-        "protected com.google.protobuf.MapField internalGetMapField(\n"
-        "    int number) {\n"
-        "  switch (number) {\n");
-      printer->Indent();
-      printer->Indent();
-      for (int i = 0; i < map_fields.size(); ++i) {
-        const FieldDescriptor* field = map_fields[i];
-        const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
-        printer->Print(
-          "case $number$:\n"
-          "  return $name$_;\n",
-          "number", SimpleItoa(field->number()),
-          "name", info->name);
-      }
-      printer->Print(
-          "default:\n"
-          "  throw new RuntimeException(\n"
-          "      \"Invalid map field number: \" + number);\n");
-      printer->Outdent();
-      printer->Outdent();
-      printer->Print(
-          "  }\n"
-          "}\n");
-    }
+  if (!descriptor_->options().no_standard_descriptor_accessor()) {
     printer->Print(
-      "protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable\n"
-      "    internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {\n"
-      "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_fieldAccessorTable\n"
-      "      .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(\n"
-      "          $classname$.class, $classname$.Builder.class);\n"
+      "public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor\n"
+      "    getDescriptor() {\n"
+      "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_descriptor;\n"
       "}\n"
       "\n",
-      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
       "fileclass", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
       "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_));
   }
-}
-
-// ===================================================================
-
-void ImmutableMessageGenerator::
-GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    printer->Print(
-        "// Construct using $classname$.newBuilder()\n"
-        "private Builder() {\n"
-        "  maybeForceBuilderInitialization();\n"
-        "}\n"
-        "\n",
-        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-
-    printer->Print(
-      "private Builder(\n"
-      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {\n"
-      "  super(parent);\n"
-      "  maybeForceBuilderInitialization();\n"
-      "}\n",
-      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-  } else {
-    // LITE runtime passes along the default instance to implement
-    // getDefaultInstanceForType() at the GneratedMessageLite level.
-    printer->Print(
-        "// Construct using $classname$.newBuilder()\n"
-        "private Builder() {\n"
-        "  super(defaultInstance);\n"
-        "  maybeForceBuilderInitialization();\n"
-        "}\n"
-        "\n",
-        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> map_fields;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+      map_fields.push_back(field);
+    }
   }
-
-
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_)) {
+  if (!map_fields.empty()) {
     printer->Print(
-      "private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {\n"
-      "  if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {\n");
-
+      "@SuppressWarnings({\"rawtypes\"})\n"
+      "protected com.google.protobuf.MapField internalGetMapField(\n"
+      "    int number) {\n"
+      "  switch (number) {\n");
     printer->Indent();
     printer->Indent();
-    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
-      if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
-        field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
-            .GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(printer);
-      }
+    for (int i = 0; i < map_fields.size(); ++i) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = map_fields[i];
+      const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+      printer->Print(
+        "case $number$:\n"
+        "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$();\n",
+        "number", SimpleItoa(field->number()),
+        "capitalized_name", info->capitalized_name);
     }
+    printer->Print(
+        "default:\n"
+        "  throw new RuntimeException(\n"
+        "      \"Invalid map field number: \" + number);\n");
     printer->Outdent();
     printer->Outdent();
-
-    printer->Print(
-      "  }\n"
-      "}\n");
-  } else {
-    printer->Print(
-      "private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {\n"
-      "}\n");
-  }
-
-  printer->Print(
-    "public Builder clear() {\n"
-    "  super.clear();\n");
-
-  printer->Indent();
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
-    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
-      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
-          .GenerateBuilderClearCode(printer);
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "$oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
-      "$oneof_name$_ = null;\n",
-      "oneof_name", context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
-          descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name);
-  }
-
-  printer->Outdent();
-
-  printer->Print(
-    "  return this;\n"
-    "}\n"
-    "\n");
-
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor\n"
-      "    getDescriptorForType() {\n"
-      "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_descriptor;\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n",
-      "fileclass", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
-      "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_));
-
-    // LITE runtime implements this in GeneratedMessageLite.
-    printer->Print(
-      "public $classname$ getDefaultInstanceForType() {\n"
-      "  return $classname$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n",
-      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-  }
-
-  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    // LITE implements build in GeneratedMessageLite to save methods.
-    printer->Print(
-      "public $classname$ build() {\n"
-      "  $classname$ result = buildPartial();\n"
-      "  if (!result.isInitialized()) {\n"
-      "    throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "  return result;\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n",
-      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-  }
-
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    printer->Print(
-        "public $classname$ buildPartial() {\n"
-            "  $classname$ result = new $classname$(this);\n",
-         "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-  } else {
-    // LITE_RUNTIME only provides a single message constructor.
     printer->Print(
-        "public $classname$ buildPartial() {\n"
-        "  $classname$ result = null;\n"
-        "  try {\n"
-        "    result = new $classname$(\n"
-        "        com.google.protobuf.Internal\n"
-        "            .EMPTY_CODED_INPUT_STREAM,\n"
-        "        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite\n"
-        "            .getEmptyRegistry());\n"
-        "  } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {\n"
-        "    throw new RuntimeException(e);\n"
         "  }\n"
-        "  result.unknownFields = this.unknownFields;\n",
-        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-
-    if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "  result.extensions = this.buildExtensions();\n");
-    }
-  }
-
-  printer->Indent();
-
-  int totalBuilderBits = 0;
-  int totalMessageBits = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
-    const ImmutableFieldGenerator& field =
-        field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i));
-    totalBuilderBits += field.GetNumBitsForBuilder();
-    totalMessageBits += field.GetNumBitsForMessage();
-  }
-  int totalBuilderInts = (totalBuilderBits + 31) / 32;
-  int totalMessageInts = (totalMessageBits + 31) / 32;
-
-  if (GenerateHasBits(descriptor_)) {
-    // Local vars for from and to bit fields to avoid accessing the builder and
-    // message over and over for these fields. Seems to provide a slight
-    // perforamance improvement in micro benchmark and this is also what proto1
-    // code does.
-    for (int i = 0; i < totalBuilderInts; i++) {
-      printer->Print("int from_$bit_field_name$ = $bit_field_name$;\n",
-        "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < totalMessageInts; i++) {
-      printer->Print("int to_$bit_field_name$ = 0;\n",
-        "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Output generation code for each field.
-  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
-    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i)).GenerateBuildingCode(printer);
-  }
-
-  if (GenerateHasBits(descriptor_)) {
-    // Copy the bit field results to the generated message
-    for (int i = 0; i < totalMessageInts; i++) {
-      printer->Print("result.$bit_field_name$ = to_$bit_field_name$;\n",
-        "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
-    printer->Print("result.$oneof_name$Case_ = $oneof_name$Case_;\n",
-                   "oneof_name", context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
-                       descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name);
-  }
-
-  printer->Outdent();
-
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    printer->Print(
-    "  onBuilt();\n");
+        "}\n");
   }
-
   printer->Print(
-    "  return result;\n"
+    "protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable\n"
+    "    internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {\n"
+    "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_fieldAccessorTable\n"
+    "      .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(\n"
+    "          $classname$.class, $classname$.Builder.class);\n"
     "}\n"
     "\n",
-    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-
-  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-  if (HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    // MergeFrom(Message other) requires the ability to distinguish the other
-    // messages type by its descriptor.
-    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {\n"
-        "  if (other instanceof $classname$) {\n"
-        "    return mergeFrom(($classname$)other);\n"
-        "  } else {\n"
-        "    super.mergeFrom(other);\n"
-        "    return this;\n"
-        "  }\n"
-        "}\n"
-        "\n",
-        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-    }
-
-    printer->Print(
-      "public Builder mergeFrom($classname$ other) {\n"
-      // Optimization:  If other is the default instance, we know none of its
-      //   fields are set so we can skip the merge.
-      "  if (other == $classname$.getDefaultInstance()) return this;\n",
-      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-    printer->Indent();
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
-      if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
-        field_generators_.get(
-            descriptor_->field(i)).GenerateMergingCode(printer);
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Merge oneof fields.
-    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "switch (other.get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case()) {\n",
-        "oneof_capitalized_name",
-        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
-            descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->capitalized_name);
-      printer->Indent();
-      for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
-        const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
-        printer->Print(
-          "case $field_name$: {\n",
-          "field_name",
-          ToUpper(field->name()));
-        printer->Indent();
-        field_generators_.get(field).GenerateMergingCode(printer);
-        printer->Print(
-            "break;\n");
-        printer->Outdent();
-        printer->Print(
-            "}\n");
-      }
-      printer->Print(
-        "case $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET: {\n"
-        "  break;\n"
-        "}\n",
-        "cap_oneof_name",
-        ToUpper(context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
-            descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name));
-      printer->Outdent();
-      printer->Print(
-          "}\n");
-    }
-
-    printer->Outdent();
-
-    // if message type has extensions
-    if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "  this.mergeExtensionFields(other);\n");
-    }
-
-    if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "  this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);\n");
-    }
-
-    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-      printer->Print("  onChanged();\n");
-    }
-
-    printer->Print(
-      "  return this;\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n");
-  }
-}
-
-// ===================================================================
-
-void ImmutableMessageGenerator::
-GenerateBuilderParsingMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    // LITE_RUNTIME implements this at the GeneratedMessageLite level.
-    printer->Print(
-      "public Builder mergeFrom(\n"
-      "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,\n"
-      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
-      "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
-      "  $classname$ parsedMessage = null;\n"
-      "  try {\n"
-      "    parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);\n"
-      "  } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {\n"
-      "    parsedMessage = ($classname$) e.getUnfinishedMessage();\n"
-      "    throw e;\n"
-      "  } finally {\n"
-      "    if (parsedMessage != null) {\n"
-      "      mergeFrom(parsedMessage);\n"
-      "    }\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "  return this;\n"
-      "}\n",
-      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-  }
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+    "fileclass", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
+    "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_));
 }
 
 // ===================================================================
 
 void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateIsInitialized(
-    io::Printer* printer, UseMemoization useMemoization) {
-  bool memoization = useMemoization == MEMOIZE;
-  if (memoization) {
-    // Memoizes whether the protocol buffer is fully initialized (has all
-    // required fields). -1 means not yet computed. 0 means false and 1 means
-    // true.
-    printer->Print(
-      "private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;\n");
-  }
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Memoizes whether the protocol buffer is fully initialized (has all
+  // required fields). -1 means not yet computed. 0 means false and 1 means
+  // true.
+  printer->Print(
+    "private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;\n");
   printer->Print(
     "public final boolean isInitialized() {\n");
   printer->Indent();
 
-  if (memoization) {
-    // Don't directly compare to -1 to avoid an Android x86 JIT bug.
-    printer->Print(
-      "byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;\n"
-      "if (isInitialized == 1) return true;\n"
-      "if (isInitialized == 0) return false;\n"
-      "\n");
-  }
+  // Don't directly compare to -1 to avoid an Android x86 JIT bug.
+  printer->Print(
+    "byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;\n"
+    "if (isInitialized == 1) return true;\n"
+    "if (isInitialized == 0) return false;\n"
+    "\n");
 
   // Check that all required fields in this message are set.
   // TODO(kenton):  We can optimize this when we switch to putting all the
@@ -1302,11 +818,10 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateIsInitialized(
     if (field->is_required()) {
       printer->Print(
         "if (!has$name$()) {\n"
-        "  $memoize$\n"
+        "  memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
         "  return false;\n"
         "}\n",
-        "name", info->capitalized_name,
-        "memoize", memoization ? "memoizedIsInitialized = 0;" : "");
+        "name", info->capitalized_name);
     }
   }
 
@@ -1320,13 +835,12 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateIsInitialized(
         case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED:
           printer->Print(
             "if (!get$name$().isInitialized()) {\n"
-             "  $memoize$\n"
+             "  memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
              "  return false;\n"
              "}\n",
             "type", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(
                 field->message_type()),
-            "name", info->capitalized_name,
-            "memoize", memoization ? "memoizedIsInitialized = 0;" : "");
+            "name", info->capitalized_name);
           break;
         case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL:
           if (!SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) &&
@@ -1345,38 +859,35 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateIsInitialized(
           }
           printer->Print(
             "  if (!get$name$().isInitialized()) {\n"
-            "    $memoize$\n"
+            "    memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
             "    return false;\n"
             "  }\n"
             "}\n",
-            "name", info->capitalized_name,
-            "memoize", memoization ? "memoizedIsInitialized = 0;" : "");
+            "name", info->capitalized_name);
           break;
         case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED:
           if (IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
             printer->Print(
               "for ($type$ item : get$name$().values()) {\n"
               "  if (!item.isInitialized()) {\n"
-              "    $memoize$\n"
+              "    memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
               "    return false;\n"
               "  }\n"
               "}\n",
               "type", MapValueImmutableClassdName(field->message_type(),
                                                   name_resolver_),
-              "name", info->capitalized_name,
-              "memoize", memoization ? "memoizedIsInitialized = 0;" : "");
+              "name", info->capitalized_name);
           } else {
             printer->Print(
               "for (int i = 0; i < get$name$Count(); i++) {\n"
               "  if (!get$name$(i).isInitialized()) {\n"
-              "    $memoize$\n"
+              "    memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
               "    return false;\n"
               "  }\n"
               "}\n",
               "type", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(
                   field->message_type()),
-              "name", info->capitalized_name,
-              "memoize", memoization ? "memoizedIsInitialized = 0;" : "");
+              "name", info->capitalized_name);
           }
           break;
       }
@@ -1386,18 +897,15 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateIsInitialized(
   if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
     printer->Print(
       "if (!extensionsAreInitialized()) {\n"
-      "  $memoize$\n"
+      "  memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
       "  return false;\n"
-      "}\n",
-      "memoize", memoization ? "memoizedIsInitialized = 0;" : "");
+      "}\n");
   }
 
   printer->Outdent();
 
-  if (memoization) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "  memoizedIsInitialized = 1;\n");
-  }
+  printer->Print(
+    "  memoizedIsInitialized = 1;\n");
 
   printer->Print(
     "  return true;\n"
@@ -1463,12 +971,10 @@ GenerateEqualsAndHashCode(io::Printer* printer) {
     printer->Print(
       "result = result && unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields);\n");
   }
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "result = result &&\n"
-        "    getExtensionFields().equals(other.getExtensionFields());\n");
-    }
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "result = result &&\n"
+      "    getExtensionFields().equals(other.getExtensionFields());\n");
   }
   printer->Print(
     "return result;\n");
@@ -1491,14 +997,7 @@ GenerateEqualsAndHashCode(io::Printer* printer) {
     "}\n"
     "int hash = 41;\n");
 
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    printer->Print("hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptorForType().hashCode();\n");
-  } else {
-    // Include the hash of the class so that two objects with different types
-    // but the same field values will probably have different hashes.
-    printer->Print("hash = (19 * hash) + $classname$.class.hashCode();\n",
-      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
-  }
+  printer->Print("hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptorForType().hashCode();\n");
 
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
     const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
@@ -1516,11 +1015,9 @@ GenerateEqualsAndHashCode(io::Printer* printer) {
       printer->Print("}\n");
     }
   }
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "hash = hashFields(hash, getExtensionFields());\n");
-    }
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "hash = hashFields(hash, getExtensionFields());\n");
   }
 
   printer->Print(
@@ -1558,19 +1055,13 @@ GenerateParsingConstructor(io::Printer* printer) {
   printer->Print(
       "private $classname$(\n"
       "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,\n"
-      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
-      "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n",
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) {\n",
       "classname", descriptor_->name());
   printer->Indent();
 
   // Initialize all fields to default.
-  if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    printer->Print(
-        "this();\n");
-  } else {
-    // LITE_RUNTIME only has one constructor.
-    GenerateInitializers(printer);
-  }
+  printer->Print(
+      "this();\n");
 
   // Use builder bits to track mutable repeated fields.
   int totalBuilderBits = 0;
@@ -1586,15 +1077,9 @@ GenerateParsingConstructor(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
 
   if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
-    if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =\n"
-        "    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();\n");
-    } else {
-      printer->Print(
-        "com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSetLite.Builder unknownFields =\n"
-        "    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSetLite.newBuilder();\n");
-    }
+    printer->Print(
+      "com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();\n");
   }
 
   printer->Print(
@@ -1617,29 +1102,14 @@ GenerateParsingConstructor(io::Printer* printer) {
     "  break;\n");
 
   if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
-    if (!HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)
-        && descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
-      // Lite runtime directly invokes parseUnknownField to reduce method
-      // counts.
-      printer->Print(
-        "default: {\n"
-        "  if (!parseUnknownField(extensions, getDefaultInstanceForType(),\n"
-        "                         input, unknownFields,\n"
-        "                         extensionRegistry, tag)) {\n"
-        "    done = true;\n"  // it's an endgroup tag
-        "  }\n"
-        "  break;\n"
-        "}\n");
-    } else {
-      printer->Print(
-        "default: {\n"
-        "  if (!parseUnknownField(input, unknownFields,\n"
-        "                         extensionRegistry, tag)) {\n"
-        "    done = true;\n"  // it's an endgroup tag
-        "  }\n"
-        "  break;\n"
-        "}\n");
-    }
+    printer->Print(
+      "default: {\n"
+      "  if (!parseUnknownField(input, unknownFields,\n"
+      "                         extensionRegistry, tag)) {\n"
+      "    done = true;\n"  // it's an endgroup tag
+      "  }\n"
+      "  break;\n"
+      "}\n");
   } else {
     printer->Print(
       "default: {\n"
@@ -1695,10 +1165,11 @@ GenerateParsingConstructor(io::Printer* printer) {
   printer->Outdent();
   printer->Print(
       "} catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {\n"
-      "  throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);\n"
+      "  throw new RuntimeException(e.setUnfinishedMessage(this));\n"
       "} catch (java.io.IOException e) {\n"
-      "  throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(\n"
-      "      e.getMessage()).setUnfinishedMessage(this);\n"
+      "  throw new RuntimeException(\n"
+      "      new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(\n"
+      "          e.getMessage()).setUnfinishedMessage(this));\n"
       "} finally {\n");
   printer->Indent();
 
@@ -1713,18 +1184,9 @@ GenerateParsingConstructor(io::Printer* printer) {
     printer->Print("this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();\n");
   }
 
-  if (!HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_)) {
-    // LITE runtime uses a static method to reduce method count.
-    if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
-      // Make extensions immutable.
-      printer->Print(
-          "makeExtensionsImmutable(extensions);\n");
-    }
-  } else {
-    // Make extensions immutable.
-    printer->Print(
-        "makeExtensionsImmutable();\n");
-  }
+  // Make extensions immutable.
+  printer->Print(
+      "makeExtensionsImmutable();\n");
 
   printer->Outdent();
   printer->Outdent();
@@ -1747,13 +1209,24 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateParser(io::Printer* printer) {
       "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n",
       "classname", descriptor_->name());
   if (HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_)) {
+    // The parsing constructor throws an InvalidProtocolBufferException via a
+    // RuntimeException to aid in method pruning. We unwrap it here.
     printer->Print(
-        "  return new $classname$(input, extensionRegistry);\n",
+        "  try {\n"
+        "    return new $classname$(input, extensionRegistry);\n"
+        "  } catch (RuntimeException e) {\n"
+        "    if (e.getCause() instanceof\n"
+        "        com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException) {\n"
+        "      throw (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException)\n"
+        "          e.getCause();\n"
+        "    }\n"
+        "    throw e;\n"
+        "  }\n",
         "classname", descriptor_->name());
   } else {
-    // When parsing constructor isn't generated, use builder to parse messages.
-    // Note, will fallback to use reflection based mergeFieldFrom() in
-    // AbstractMessage.Builder.
+    // When parsing constructor isn't generated, use builder to parse
+    // messages. Note, will fallback to use reflection based mergeFieldFrom()
+    // in AbstractMessage.Builder.
     printer->Indent();
     printer->Print(
         "Builder builder = newBuilder();\n"
@@ -1763,7 +1236,8 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateParser(io::Printer* printer) {
         "  throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());\n"
         "} catch (java.io.IOException e) {\n"
         "  throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(\n"
-        "      e.getMessage()).setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());\n"
+        "      e.getMessage()).setUnfinishedMessage(\n"
+        "          builder.buildPartial());\n"
         "}\n"
         "return builder.buildPartial();\n");
     printer->Outdent();
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h
index 91eb2876..c3c37765 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ class MessageGenerator {
   virtual void GenerateStaticVariables(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
 
   // Output code which initializes the static variables generated by
-  // GenerateStaticVariables().
-  virtual void GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
+  // GenerateStaticVariables(). Returns an estimate of bytecode size.
+  virtual int GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
 
   // Generate the class itself.
   virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer) = 0;
@@ -97,16 +97,16 @@ class ImmutableMessageGenerator : public MessageGenerator {
   virtual void GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer);
   virtual void GenerateExtensionRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer);
   virtual void GenerateStaticVariables(io::Printer* printer);
-  virtual void GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Returns an estimate of the number of bytes the printed code will compile to
+  virtual int GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(io::Printer* printer);
 
  private:
-  enum UseMemoization {
-    MEMOIZE,
-    DONT_MEMOIZE
-  };
 
   void GenerateFieldAccessorTable(io::Printer* printer);
-  void GenerateFieldAccessorTableInitializer(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  // Returns an estimate of the number of bytes the printed code will compile to
+  int GenerateFieldAccessorTableInitializer(io::Printer* printer);
 
   void GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(io::Printer* printer);
   void GenerateParseFromMethods(io::Printer* printer);
@@ -116,11 +116,8 @@ class ImmutableMessageGenerator : public MessageGenerator {
       io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range);
 
   void GenerateBuilder(io::Printer* printer);
-  void GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateIsInitialized(io::Printer* printer);
   void GenerateDescriptorMethods(io::Printer* printer);
-  void GenerateBuilderParsingMethods(io::Printer* printer);
-  void GenerateIsInitialized(io::Printer* printer,
-      UseMemoization useMemoization);
   void GenerateInitializers(io::Printer* printer);
   void GenerateEqualsAndHashCode(io::Printer* printer);
   void GenerateParser(io::Printer* printer);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72694119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+bool GenerateHasBits(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file()) ||
+      HasRepeatedFields(descriptor);
+}
+
+string MapValueImmutableClassdName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                   ClassNameResolver* name_resolver) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field = descriptor->FindFieldByName("value");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, value_field->type());
+  return name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(value_field->message_type());
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+MessageBuilderGenerator::MessageBuilderGenerator(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context)
+  : descriptor_(descriptor), context_(context),
+    name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()),
+    field_generators_(descriptor, context_) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(
+      FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME, descriptor->file()->options().optimize_for());
+}
+
+MessageBuilderGenerator::~MessageBuilderGenerator() {}
+
+void MessageBuilderGenerator::
+Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WriteMessageDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "public static final class Builder extends\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.ExtendableBuilder<\n"
+      "      $classname$, Builder> implements\n"
+      "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+      "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+      "extra_interfaces", ExtraBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_));
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      "public static final class Builder extends\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.Builder<Builder> implements\n"
+      "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+      "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+      "extra_interfaces", ExtraBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_));
+  }
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  GenerateDescriptorMethods(printer);
+  GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(printer);
+
+  if (HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_)) {
+    GenerateIsInitialized(printer);
+    GenerateBuilderParsingMethods(printer);
+  }
+
+  // oneof
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    vars["oneof_name"] = context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+        descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name;
+    vars["oneof_capitalized_name"] = context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+        descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->capitalized_name;
+    vars["oneof_index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->index());
+    // oneofCase_ and oneof_
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "private int $oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+      "private java.lang.Object $oneof_name$_;\n");
+    // oneofCase() and clearOneof()
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "public $oneof_capitalized_name$Case\n"
+      "    get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case() {\n"
+      "  return $oneof_capitalized_name$Case.valueOf(\n"
+      "      $oneof_name$Case_);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public Builder clear$oneof_capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  $oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+      "  $oneof_name$_ = null;\n");
+    printer->Print("  onChanged();\n");
+    printer->Print(
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+  }
+
+  if (GenerateHasBits(descriptor_)) {
+    // Integers for bit fields.
+    int totalBits = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      totalBits += field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GetNumBitsForBuilder();
+    }
+    int totalInts = (totalBits + 31) / 32;
+    for (int i = 0; i < totalInts; i++) {
+      printer->Print("private int $bit_field_name$;\n",
+        "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("\n");
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+                     .GenerateBuilderMembers(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (!PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "public final Builder setUnknownFields(\n"
+      "    final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(\n"
+      "    final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "\n"
+    "// @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:$full_name$)\n",
+    "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MessageBuilderGenerator::
+GenerateDescriptorMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (!descriptor_->options().no_standard_descriptor_accessor()) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor\n"
+      "    getDescriptor() {\n"
+      "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_descriptor;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "fileclass", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
+      "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_));
+  }
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> map_fields;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+      map_fields.push_back(field);
+    }
+  }
+  if (!map_fields.empty()) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "@SuppressWarnings({\"rawtypes\"})\n"
+      "protected com.google.protobuf.MapField internalGetMapField(\n"
+      "    int number) {\n"
+      "  switch (number) {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < map_fields.size(); ++i) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = map_fields[i];
+      const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+      printer->Print(
+        "case $number$:\n"
+        "  return internalGet$capitalized_name$();\n",
+        "number", SimpleItoa(field->number()),
+        "capitalized_name", info->capitalized_name);
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "default:\n"
+        "  throw new RuntimeException(\n"
+        "      \"Invalid map field number: \" + number);\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n");
+    printer->Print(
+      "@SuppressWarnings({\"rawtypes\"})\n"
+      "protected com.google.protobuf.MapField internalGetMutableMapField(\n"
+      "    int number) {\n"
+      "  switch (number) {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < map_fields.size(); ++i) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = map_fields[i];
+      const FieldGeneratorInfo* info =
+          context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+      printer->Print(
+        "case $number$:\n"
+        "  return internalGetMutable$capitalized_name$();\n",
+        "number", SimpleItoa(field->number()),
+        "capitalized_name", info->capitalized_name);
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "default:\n"
+        "  throw new RuntimeException(\n"
+        "      \"Invalid map field number: \" + number);\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+        "  }\n"
+        "}\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+    "protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.FieldAccessorTable\n"
+    "    internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {\n"
+    "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_fieldAccessorTable\n"
+    "      .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(\n"
+    "          $classname$.class, $classname$.Builder.class);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+    "fileclass", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
+    "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MessageBuilderGenerator::
+GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "// Construct using $classname$.newBuilder()\n"
+      "private Builder() {\n"
+      "  maybeForceBuilderInitialization();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "private Builder(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.BuilderParent parent) {\n"
+    "  super(parent);\n"
+    "  maybeForceBuilderInitialization();\n"
+    "}\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "private void maybeForceBuilderInitialization() {\n"
+    "  if (com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.alwaysUseFieldBuilders) {\n");
+
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "public Builder clear() {\n"
+    "  super.clear();\n");
+
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GenerateBuilderClearCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "$oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+      "$oneof_name$_ = null;\n",
+      "oneof_name", context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+          descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name);
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor\n"
+    "    getDescriptorForType() {\n"
+    "  return $fileclass$.internal_$identifier$_descriptor;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "fileclass", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->file()),
+    "identifier", UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor_));
+
+  // LITE runtime implements this in GeneratedMessageLite.
+  printer->Print(
+    "public $classname$ getDefaultInstanceForType() {\n"
+    "  return $classname$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "public $classname$ build() {\n"
+    "  $classname$ result = buildPartial();\n"
+    "  if (!result.isInitialized()) {\n"
+    "    throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return result;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "public $classname$ buildPartial() {\n"
+    "  $classname$ result = new $classname$(this);\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  int totalBuilderBits = 0;
+  int totalMessageBits = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const ImmutableFieldGenerator& field =
+        field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i));
+    totalBuilderBits += field.GetNumBitsForBuilder();
+    totalMessageBits += field.GetNumBitsForMessage();
+  }
+  int totalBuilderInts = (totalBuilderBits + 31) / 32;
+  int totalMessageInts = (totalMessageBits + 31) / 32;
+
+  if (GenerateHasBits(descriptor_)) {
+    // Local vars for from and to bit fields to avoid accessing the builder and
+    // message over and over for these fields. Seems to provide a slight
+    // perforamance improvement in micro benchmark and this is also what proto1
+    // code does.
+    for (int i = 0; i < totalBuilderInts; i++) {
+      printer->Print("int from_$bit_field_name$ = $bit_field_name$;\n",
+        "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < totalMessageInts; i++) {
+      printer->Print("int to_$bit_field_name$ = 0;\n",
+        "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Output generation code for each field.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i)).GenerateBuildingCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (GenerateHasBits(descriptor_)) {
+    // Copy the bit field results to the generated message
+    for (int i = 0; i < totalMessageInts; i++) {
+      printer->Print("result.$bit_field_name$ = to_$bit_field_name$;\n",
+        "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("result.$oneof_name$Case_ = $oneof_name$Case_;\n",
+                   "oneof_name", context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+                       descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name);
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "  onBuilt();\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "  return result;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  if (HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {\n"
+      "  if (other instanceof $classname$) {\n"
+      "    return mergeFrom(($classname$)other);\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    super.mergeFrom(other);\n"
+      "    return this;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+    printer->Print(
+      "public Builder mergeFrom($classname$ other) {\n"
+      // Optimization:  If other is the default instance, we know none of its
+      //   fields are set so we can skip the merge.
+      "  if (other == $classname$.getDefaultInstance()) return this;\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+        field_generators_.get(
+            descriptor_->field(i)).GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Merge oneof fields.
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "switch (other.get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case()) {\n",
+        "oneof_capitalized_name",
+        context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+            descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->capitalized_name);
+      printer->Indent();
+      for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+        const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+        printer->Print(
+          "case $field_name$: {\n",
+          "field_name",
+          ToUpper(field->name()));
+        printer->Indent();
+        field_generators_.get(field).GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+        printer->Print(
+            "break;\n");
+        printer->Outdent();
+        printer->Print(
+            "}\n");
+      }
+      printer->Print(
+        "case $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET: {\n"
+        "  break;\n"
+        "}\n",
+        "cap_oneof_name",
+        ToUpper(context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+            descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name));
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+          "}\n");
+    }
+
+    printer->Outdent();
+
+    // if message type has extensions
+    if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "  this.mergeExtensionFields(other);\n");
+    }
+
+    if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "  this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);\n");
+    }
+
+    printer->Print(
+      "  onChanged();\n");
+
+    printer->Print(
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MessageBuilderGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderParsingMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "public Builder mergeFrom(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+    "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+    "  $classname$ parsedMessage = null;\n"
+    "  try {\n"
+    "    parsedMessage = PARSER.parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);\n"
+    "  } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {\n"
+    "    parsedMessage = ($classname$) e.getUnfinishedMessage();\n"
+    "    throw e;\n"
+    "  } finally {\n"
+    "    if (parsedMessage != null) {\n"
+    "      mergeFrom(parsedMessage);\n"
+    "    }\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MessageBuilderGenerator::GenerateIsInitialized(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "public final boolean isInitialized() {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Check that all required fields in this message are set.
+  // TODO(kenton):  We can optimize this when we switch to putting all the
+  //   "has" fields into a single bitfield.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+
+    if (field->is_required()) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "if (!has$name$()) {\n"
+        "  return false;\n"
+        "}\n",
+        "name", info->capitalized_name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Now check that all embedded messages are initialized.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+    if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        HasRequiredFields(field->message_type())) {
+      switch (field->label()) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED:
+          printer->Print(
+            "if (!get$name$().isInitialized()) {\n"
+             "  return false;\n"
+             "}\n",
+            "type", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(
+                field->message_type()),
+            "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL:
+          if (!SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) &&
+              field->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+            const OneofDescriptor* oneof = field->containing_oneof();
+            const OneofGeneratorInfo* oneof_info =
+                context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(oneof);
+            printer->Print(
+              "if ($oneof_name$Case_ == $field_number$) {\n",
+              "oneof_name", oneof_info->name,
+              "field_number", SimpleItoa(field->number()));
+          } else {
+            printer->Print(
+              "if (has$name$()) {\n",
+              "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          }
+          printer->Print(
+            "  if (!get$name$().isInitialized()) {\n"
+            "    return false;\n"
+            "  }\n"
+            "}\n",
+            "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED:
+          if (IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+            printer->Print(
+              "for ($type$ item : get$name$().values()) {\n"
+              "  if (!item.isInitialized()) {\n"
+              "    return false;\n"
+              "  }\n"
+              "}\n",
+              "type", MapValueImmutableClassdName(field->message_type(),
+                                                  name_resolver_),
+              "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          } else {
+            printer->Print(
+              "for (int i = 0; i < get$name$Count(); i++) {\n"
+              "  if (!get$name$(i).isInitialized()) {\n"
+              "    return false;\n"
+              "  }\n"
+              "}\n",
+              "type", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(
+                  field->message_type()),
+              "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "if (!extensionsAreInitialized()) {\n"
+      "  return false;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "  return true;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..015ea062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_BUILDER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_BUILDER_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <map>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+  namespace compiler {
+    namespace java {
+      class Context;           // context.h
+      class ClassNameResolver; // name_resolver.h
+    }
+  }
+  namespace io {
+    class Printer;             // printer.h
+  }
+}
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class MessageBuilderGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit MessageBuilderGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                   Context* context);
+  virtual ~MessageBuilderGenerator();
+
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDescriptorMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateBuilderParsingMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateIsInitialized(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+  FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldGenerator> field_generators_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageBuilderGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_BUILDER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8719d00d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+bool GenerateHasBits(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file()) ||
+      HasRepeatedFields(descriptor);
+}
+
+string MapValueImmutableClassdName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                   ClassNameResolver* name_resolver) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field = descriptor->FindFieldByName("value");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, value_field->type());
+  return name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(value_field->message_type());
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+MessageBuilderLiteGenerator::MessageBuilderLiteGenerator(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context)
+  : descriptor_(descriptor), context_(context),
+    name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()),
+    field_generators_(descriptor, context_) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(
+      FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME, descriptor->file()->options().optimize_for());
+}
+
+MessageBuilderLiteGenerator::~MessageBuilderLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void MessageBuilderLiteGenerator::
+Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  WriteMessageDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(
+    "public static final class Builder extends\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.$extendible$Builder<\n"
+    "      $classname$, Builder> implements\n"
+    "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+    "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_),
+    "extra_interfaces", ExtraBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
+    "extendible",
+    descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0 ? "Extendable" : "");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(printer);
+
+  // oneof
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    vars["oneof_name"] = context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+        descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name;
+    vars["oneof_capitalized_name"] = context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+        descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->capitalized_name;
+    vars["oneof_index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->index());
+
+    // oneofCase() and clearOneof()
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "public $oneof_capitalized_name$Case\n"
+      "    get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case() {\n"
+      "  return instance.get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case();\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public Builder clear$oneof_capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+      "  instance.clear$oneof_capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+  }
+
+  if (GenerateHasBits(descriptor_)) {
+    // Integers for bit fields.
+    int totalBits = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      totalBits += field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GetNumBitsForBuilder();
+    }
+    int totalInts = (totalBits + 31) / 32;
+    for (int i = 0; i < totalInts; i++) {
+      printer->Print("private int $bit_field_name$;\n",
+        "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("\n");
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+                     .GenerateBuilderMembers(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (!PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "public final Builder setUnknownFields(\n"
+      "    final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(\n"
+      "    final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "\n"
+    "// @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:$full_name$)\n",
+    "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void MessageBuilderLiteGenerator::
+GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "// Construct using $classname$.newBuilder()\n"
+    "private Builder() {\n"
+    "  super(DEFAULT_INSTANCE);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8597b2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_BUILDER_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_BUILDER_LITE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <map>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+  namespace compiler {
+    namespace java {
+      class Context;           // context.h
+      class ClassNameResolver; // name_resolver.h
+    }
+  }
+  namespace io {
+    class Printer;             // printer.h
+  }
+}
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class MessageBuilderLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit MessageBuilderLiteGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                   Context* context);
+  virtual ~MessageBuilderLiteGenerator();
+
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+  FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator> field_generators_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageBuilderLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_BUILDER_LITE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.cc
index 538f1248..b180b4a7 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field.cc
@@ -157,11 +157,9 @@ GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
     "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$();\n");
 
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$$type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder();\n");
-  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$$type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder();\n");
 }
 
 void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::
@@ -182,14 +180,12 @@ GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "  return $name$_ == null ? $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
       "}\n");
 
-    if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-      printer->Print(variables_,
-        "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder "
-        "get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
-        "  return $name$_ == null ? $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
-        "}\n");
-    }
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder "
+      "get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_ == null ? $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
   } else {
     WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
     printer->Print(variables_,
@@ -202,14 +198,12 @@ GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "  return $name$_ == null ? $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
       "}\n");
 
-    if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-      WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-      printer->Print(variables_,
-        "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder "
-        "get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
-        "  return get$capitalized_name$();\n"
-        "}\n");
-    }
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder "
+      "get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
+      "  return get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
   }
 }
 
@@ -217,19 +211,15 @@ void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::PrintNestedBuilderCondition(
     io::Printer* printer,
     const char* regular_case,
     const char* nested_builder_case) const {
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-     printer->Print(variables_, "if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n");
-     printer->Indent();
-     printer->Print(variables_, regular_case);
-     printer->Outdent();
-     printer->Print("} else {\n");
-     printer->Indent();
-     printer->Print(variables_, nested_builder_case);
-     printer->Outdent();
-     printer->Print("}\n");
-   } else {
-     printer->Print(variables_, regular_case);
-   }
+  printer->Print(variables_, "if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(variables_, regular_case);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("} else {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(variables_, nested_builder_case);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
 }
 
 void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
@@ -260,14 +250,12 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
     "private $type$ $name$_ = null;\n");
 
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
+  printer->Print(variables_,
       // If this builder is non-null, it is used and the other fields are
       // ignored.
       "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
       "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> $name$Builder_;"
       "\n");
-  }
 
   // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
   // field of type "Field" called "Field".
@@ -368,40 +356,38 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
     "$clear_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
     "return this;\n");
 
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder get$capitalized_name$Builder() {\n"
-      "  $set_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
-      "  $on_changed$\n"
-      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder();\n"
-      "}\n");
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
-      "  if ($name$Builder_ != null) {\n"
-      "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder();\n"
-      "  } else {\n"
-      "    return $name$_ == null ?\n"
-      "        $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "}\n");
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
-      "    get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() {\n"
-      "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
-      "    $name$Builder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
-      "            get$capitalized_name$(),\n"
-      "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
-      "            isClean());\n"
-      "    $name$_ = null;\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
-      "}\n");
-  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder get$capitalized_name$Builder() {\n"
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_builder$\n"
+    "  $on_changed$\n"
+    "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
+    "  if ($name$Builder_ != null) {\n"
+    "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder();\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    return $name$_ == null ?\n"
+    "        $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() {\n"
+    "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
+    "    $name$Builder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
+    "            get$capitalized_name$(),\n"
+    "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
+    "            isClean());\n"
+    "    $name$_ = null;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
+    "}\n");
 }
 
 void ImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::
@@ -557,16 +543,14 @@ GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
     "  return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
     "}\n");
 
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
-      "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
-      "     return ($type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "  return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
-      "}\n");
-  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "     return ($type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
+    "}\n");
 }
 
 void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator::
@@ -574,14 +558,12 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
   // When using nested-builders, the code initially works just like the
   // non-nested builder case. It only creates a nested builder lazily on
   // demand and then forever delegates to it after creation.
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      // If this builder is non-null, it is used and the other fields are
-      // ignored.
-      "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> $name$Builder_;"
-      "\n");
-  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    // If this builder is non-null, it is used and the other fields are
+    // ignored.
+    "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> $name$Builder_;"
+    "\n");
 
   // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
   // field of type "Field" called "Field".
@@ -683,44 +665,43 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
     "return this;\n");
 
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder get$capitalized_name$Builder() {\n"
-      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder();\n"
-      "}\n");
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
-      "  if (($has_oneof_case_message$) && ($name$Builder_ != null)) {\n"
-      "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder();\n"
-      "  } else {\n"
-      "    if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
-      "      return ($type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
-      "    }\n"
-      "    return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "}\n");
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
-      "    get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() {\n"
-      "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
-      "    if (!($has_oneof_case_message$)) {\n"
-      "      $oneof_name$_ = $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
-      "    }\n"
-      "    $name$Builder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
-      "            ($type$) $oneof_name$_,\n"
-      "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
-      "            isClean());\n"
-      "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
-      "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
-      "}\n");
-  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder get$capitalized_name$Builder() {\n"
+    "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder() {\n"
+    "  if (($has_oneof_case_message$) && ($name$Builder_ != null)) {\n"
+    "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder();\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "      return ($type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+    "    }\n"
+    "    return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() {\n"
+    "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
+    "    if (!($has_oneof_case_message$)) {\n"
+    "      $oneof_name$_ = $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
+    "    }\n"
+    "    $name$Builder_ = new com.google.protobuf.SingleFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
+    "            ($type$) $oneof_name$_,\n"
+    "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
+    "            isClean());\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "  $on_changed$;\n"
+    "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
+    "}\n");
 }
 
 void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldGenerator::
@@ -830,16 +811,15 @@ GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
   WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
   printer->Print(variables_,
     "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$java.util.List<? extends $type$OrBuilder> \n"
-      "    get$capitalized_name$OrBuilderList();\n");
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$$type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder(\n"
-      "    int index);\n");
-  }
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$java.util.List<? extends $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$OrBuilderList();\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$$type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder(\n"
+    "    int index);\n");
 }
 
 void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::
@@ -881,19 +861,15 @@ void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::PrintNestedBuilderCondition(
     io::Printer* printer,
     const char* regular_case,
     const char* nested_builder_case) const {
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-     printer->Print(variables_, "if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n");
-     printer->Indent();
-     printer->Print(variables_, regular_case);
-     printer->Outdent();
-     printer->Print("} else {\n");
-     printer->Indent();
-     printer->Print(variables_, nested_builder_case);
-     printer->Outdent();
-     printer->Print("}\n");
-   } else {
-     printer->Print(variables_, regular_case);
-   }
+  printer->Print(variables_, "if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(variables_, regular_case);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("} else {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(variables_, nested_builder_case);
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
 }
 
 void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::PrintNestedBuilderFunction(
@@ -941,14 +917,12 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
     "}\n"
     "\n");
 
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      // If this builder is non-null, it is used and the other fields are
-      // ignored.
-      "private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> $name$Builder_;\n"
-      "\n");
-  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    // If this builder is non-null, it is used and the other fields are
+    // ignored.
+    "private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> $name$Builder_;\n"
+    "\n");
 
   // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
   // repeated field of type "Field" called "RepeatedField".
@@ -1115,70 +1089,68 @@ GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
     "return this;\n");
 
-  if (HasNestedBuilders(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-    printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder get$capitalized_name$Builder(\n"
-      "    int index) {\n"
-      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder(index);\n"
-      "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder get$capitalized_name$Builder(\n"
+    "    int index) {\n"
+    "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilder(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
 
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-        printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder(\n"
-      "    int index) {\n"
-      "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
-      "    return $name$_.get(index);"
-      "  } else {\n"
-      "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder(index);\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder(\n"
+    "    int index) {\n"
+    "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
+    "    return $name$_.get(index);"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilder(index);\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
 
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-        printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<? extends $type$OrBuilder> \n"
-      "     get$capitalized_name$OrBuilderList() {\n"
-      "  if ($name$Builder_ != null) {\n"
-      "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilderList();\n"
-      "  } else {\n"
-      "    return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList($name$_);\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<? extends $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+    "     get$capitalized_name$OrBuilderList() {\n"
+    "  if ($name$Builder_ != null) {\n"
+    "    return $name$Builder_.getMessageOrBuilderList();\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList($name$_);\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
 
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-        printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder add$capitalized_name$Builder() {\n"
-      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().addBuilder(\n"
-      "      $type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
-      "}\n");
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-        printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder add$capitalized_name$Builder(\n"
-      "    int index) {\n"
-      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().addBuilder(\n"
-      "      index, $type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
-      "}\n");
-    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
-        printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$.Builder> \n"
-      "     get$capitalized_name$BuilderList() {\n"
-      "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilderList();\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
-      "    get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() {\n"
-      "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
-      "    $name$Builder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<\n"
-      "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
-      "            $name$_,\n"
-      "            $get_mutable_bit_builder$,\n"
-      "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
-      "            isClean());\n"
-      "    $name$_ = null;\n"
-      "  }\n"
-      "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
-      "}\n");
-  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder add$capitalized_name$Builder() {\n"
+    "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().addBuilder(\n"
+    "      $type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$.Builder add$capitalized_name$Builder(\n"
+    "    int index) {\n"
+    "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().addBuilder(\n"
+    "      index, $type$.getDefaultInstance());\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$.Builder> \n"
+    "     get$capitalized_name$BuilderList() {\n"
+    "  return get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder().getBuilderList();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "    $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder() {\n"
+    "  if ($name$Builder_ == null) {\n"
+    "    $name$Builder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilder<\n"
+    "        $type$, $type$.Builder, $type$OrBuilder>(\n"
+    "            $name$_,\n"
+    "            $get_mutable_bit_builder$,\n"
+    "            getParentForChildren(),\n"
+    "            isClean());\n"
+    "    $name$_ = null;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return $name$Builder_;\n"
+    "}\n");
 }
 
 void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldGenerator::
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8332202c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,944 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                         int messageBitIndex,
+                         int builderBitIndex,
+                         const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                         ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                         map<string, string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+
+  (*variables)["type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+  (*variables)["mutable_type"] =
+      name_resolver->GetMutableClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+  (*variables)["group_or_message"] =
+    (GetType(descriptor) == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) ?
+    "Group" : "Message";
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] = descriptor->options().deprecated()
+      ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  (*variables)["on_changed"] =
+      HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->containing_type()) ? "onChanged();" : "";
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    // For singular messages and builders, one bit is used for the hasField bit.
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+
+    // Note that these have a trailing ";".
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateClearBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+        (*variables)["name"] + "_ != null";
+  }
+
+  // For repeated builders, the underlying list tracks mutability state.
+  (*variables)["is_mutable"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.isModifiable()";
+
+  (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_from_local"] =
+      GenerateGetBitFromLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_to_local"] =
+      GenerateSetBitToLocal(messageBitIndex);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                      int messageBitIndex,
+                      int builderBitIndex,
+                      Context* context)
+  : descriptor_(descriptor), messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
+    builderBitIndex_(builderBitIndex), context_(context),
+    name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+    SetMessageVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::~ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // TODO(jonp): In the future, consider having a method specific to the
+  // interface so that builders can choose dynamically to either return a
+  // message or a nested builder, so that asking for the interface doesn't
+  // cause a message to ever be built.
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) ||
+      descriptor_->containing_oneof() == NULL) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$boolean has$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private $type$ $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+      "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_ == null ? $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_ != null;\n"
+      "}\n");
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return $name$_ == null ? $type$.getDefaultInstance() : $name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+    "  }\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = builderForValue.build();\n"
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void merge$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if ($name$_ != null &&\n"
+    "      $name$_ != $type$.getDefaultInstance()) {\n"
+    "    $name$_ =\n"
+    "      $type$.newBuilder($name$_).mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = value;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {"
+    "  $name$_ = null;\n"
+    "  $clear_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
+  // field of type "Field" called "Field".
+
+  // boolean hasField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field getField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "  }\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(builderForValue);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder merge$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.merge$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer)  const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder();\n");
+  }
+}
+
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (other.has$capitalized_name$()) {\n"
+    "  merge$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for scalars
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$type$.Builder subBuilder = null;\n"
+    "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+    "  subBuilder = $name$_.toBuilder();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+    if (GetType(descriptor_) == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "$name$_ = input.readGroup($number$, $type$.PARSER,\n"
+        "    extensionRegistry);\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "$name$_ = input.readMessage($type$.PARSER, extensionRegistry);\n");
+    }
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (subBuilder != null) {\n"
+    "  subBuilder.mergeFrom($name$_);\n"
+    "  $name$_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "$set_has_field_bit_message$\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for messages.
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+    "  output.write$group_or_message$($number$, get$capitalized_name$());\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .compute$group_or_message$Size($number$, get$capitalized_name$());\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "result = result && get$capitalized_name$()\n"
+    "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+    "hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$().hashCode();\n");
+}
+
+string ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->message_type());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                 int messageBitIndex,
+                                 int builderBitIndex,
+                                 Context* context)
+    : ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+          descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+~ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "     return ($type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return $type$.getDefaultInstance();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+    "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  $oneof_name$_ = builderForValue.build();\n"
+    "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void merge$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$ &&\n"
+    "      $oneof_name$_ != $type$.getDefaultInstance()) {\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = $type$.newBuilder(($type$) $oneof_name$_)\n"
+    "        .mergeFrom(value).buildPartial();\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "    $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
+  // field of type "Field" called "Field".
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // boolean hasField()
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  // Field getField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder setField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(builderForValue);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder mergeField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder merge$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.merge$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Field.Builder clearField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "merge$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$type$.Builder subBuilder = null;\n"
+    "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "  subBuilder = (($type$) $oneof_name$_).toBuilder();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+    if (GetType(descriptor_) == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "$oneof_name$_ = input.readGroup($number$, $type$.PARSER,\n"
+        "    extensionRegistry);\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "$oneof_name$_ = input.readMessage($type$.PARSER, extensionRegistry);\n");
+    }
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (subBuilder != null) {\n"
+    "  subBuilder.mergeFrom(($type$) $oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "  $oneof_name$_ = subBuilder.buildPartial();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "  output.write$group_or_message$($number$, ($type$) $oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .compute$group_or_message$Size($number$, ($type$) $oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                       int messageBitIndex,
+                                       int builderBitIndex,
+                                       Context* context)
+  : descriptor_(descriptor), messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
+    builderBitIndex_(builderBitIndex), context_(context),
+    name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver())  {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                      context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                      name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+~RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // TODO(jonp): In the future, consider having methods specific to the
+  // interface so that builders can choose dynamically to either return a
+  // message or a nested builder, so that asking for the interface doesn't
+  // cause a message to ever be built.
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$java.util.List<$type$> \n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$List();\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index);\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList<$type$> $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> get$capitalized_name$List() {\n"
+    "  return $name$_;\n"   // note:  unmodifiable list
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<? extends $type$OrBuilder> \n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$OrBuilderList() {\n"
+    "  return $name$_;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Count() {\n"
+    "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$OrBuilder get$capitalized_name$OrBuilder(\n"
+    "    int index) {\n"
+    "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+    "  if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = newProtobufList($name$_);\n"
+    "   }\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.set(index, value);\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.set(index, builderForValue.build());\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void add$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.add(value);\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) {\n"
+    "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.add(index, value);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.add(builderForValue.build());\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.add(index, builderForValue.build());\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addAllRepeatedField(Iterable<Field> values)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $type$> values) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.addAll(\n"
+    "      values, $name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder clearAllRepeatedField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = emptyProtobufList();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder removeRepeatedField(int index)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void remove$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.remove(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The comments above the methods below are based on a hypothetical
+  // repeated field of type "Field" called "RepeatedField".
+
+  // List<Field> getRepeatedFieldList()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$type$> get$capitalized_name$List() {\n"
+    "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(\n"
+    "      instance.get$capitalized_name$List());\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // int getRepeatedFieldCount()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Count() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Count();\n"
+    "}");
+
+  // Field getRepeatedField(int index)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(index, value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder setRepeatedField(int index, Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(index, builderForValue);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field value)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(index, value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(builderForValue);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addRepeatedField(int index, Field.Builder builderForValue)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$.Builder builderForValue) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(index, builderForValue);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder addAllRepeatedField(Iterable<Field> values)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $type$> values) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.addAll$capitalized_name$(values);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder clearAllRepeatedField()
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  // Builder removeRepeatedField(int index)
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder remove$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.remove$capitalized_name$(index);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer)  const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "get$capitalized_name$FieldBuilder();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = emptyProtobufList();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The code below does two optimizations (non-nested builder case):
+  //   1. If the other list is empty, there's nothing to do. This ensures we
+  //      don't allocate a new array if we already have an immutable one.
+  //   2. If the other list is non-empty and our current list is empty, we can
+  //      reuse the other list which is guaranteed to be immutable.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (!other.$name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+    "  if ($name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "    $name$_.addAll(other.$name$_);\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $on_changed$\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_.makeImmutable();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = newProtobufList();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+    if (GetType(descriptor_) == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "$name$_.add(input.readGroup($number$, $type$.PARSER,\n"
+        "    extensionRegistry));\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "$name$_.add(input.readMessage($type$.PARSER, extensionRegistry));\n");
+    }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "  $name$_.makeImmutable();\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+    "  output.write$group_or_message$($number$, $name$_.get(i));\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .compute$group_or_message$Size($number$, $name$_.get(i));\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "result = result && get$capitalized_name$List()\n"
+    "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$List());\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (get$capitalized_name$Count() > 0) {\n"
+    "  hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+    "  hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$List().hashCode();\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+string RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_->message_type());
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ae26c06a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+  namespace compiler {
+    namespace java {
+      class Context;           // context.h
+      class ClassNameResolver; // name_resolver.h
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+  const int messageBitIndex_;
+  const int builderBitIndex_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableMessageOneofFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+  const int messageBitIndex_;
+  const int builderBitIndex_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3accee92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1174 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+bool GenerateHasBits(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file()) ||
+      HasRepeatedFields(descriptor);
+}
+
+string MapValueImmutableClassdName(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                   ClassNameResolver* name_resolver) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field = descriptor->FindFieldByName("value");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, value_field->type());
+  return name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(value_field->message_type());
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, Context* context)
+  : MessageGenerator(descriptor), context_(context),
+    name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()),
+    field_generators_(descriptor, context_) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(
+      FileOptions::LITE_RUNTIME, descriptor->file()->options().optimize_for());
+}
+
+ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::~ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateStaticVariables(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Generate static members for all nested types.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    // TODO(kenton):  Reuse MessageGenerator objects?
+    ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), context_)
+      .GenerateStaticVariables(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+int ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  int bytecode_estimate = 0;
+  // Generate static member initializers for all nested types.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    // TODO(kenton):  Reuse MessageGenerator objects?
+    bytecode_estimate +=
+        ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), context_)
+            .GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
+  }
+  return bytecode_estimate;
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "public interface $classname$OrBuilder extends \n"
+      "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+      "     com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.\n"
+      "          ExtendableMessageOrBuilder<\n"
+      "              $classname$, $classname$.Builder> {\n",
+      "extra_interfaces", ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      "public interface $classname$OrBuilder extends\n"
+      "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.MessageLiteOrBuilder {\n",
+      "extra_interfaces", ExtraMessageOrBuilderInterfaces(descriptor_),
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  }
+
+  printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      printer->Print("\n");
+      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+                       .GenerateInterfaceMembers(printer);
+    }
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
+  bool is_own_file =
+    descriptor_->containing_type() == NULL &&
+    MultipleJavaFiles(descriptor_->file(), /* immutable = */ true);
+
+  map<string, string> variables;
+  variables["static"] = is_own_file ? " " : " static ";
+  variables["classname"] = descriptor_->name();
+  variables["extra_interfaces"] = ExtraMessageInterfaces(descriptor_);
+
+  WriteMessageDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+
+  // The builder_type stores the super type name of the nested Builder class.
+  string builder_type;
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(variables,
+      "public $static$final class $classname$ extends\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableMessage<\n"
+      "      $classname$, $classname$.Builder> implements\n"
+      "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+      "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n");
+    builder_type = strings::Substitute(
+        "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.ExtendableBuilder<$0, ?>",
+        name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables,
+        "public $static$final class $classname$ extends\n"
+        "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite<\n"
+        "        $classname$, $classname$.Builder> implements\n"
+        "    $extra_interfaces$\n"
+        "    $classname$OrBuilder {\n");
+
+    builder_type = "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.Builder";
+  }
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  GenerateParsingConstructor(printer);
+
+  // Nested types
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    EnumGenerator(descriptor_->enum_type(i), true, context_)
+        .Generate(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    // Don't generate Java classes for map entry messages.
+    if (IsMapEntry(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) continue;
+    ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator messageGenerator(
+        descriptor_->nested_type(i), context_);
+    messageGenerator.GenerateInterface(printer);
+    messageGenerator.Generate(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (GenerateHasBits(descriptor_)) {
+    // Integers for bit fields.
+    int totalBits = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      totalBits += field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GetNumBitsForMessage();
+    }
+    int totalInts = (totalBits + 31) / 32;
+    for (int i = 0; i < totalInts; i++) {
+      printer->Print("private int $bit_field_name$;\n",
+        "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // oneof
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    vars["oneof_name"] = context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+        descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name;
+    vars["oneof_capitalized_name"] = context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+        descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->capitalized_name;
+    vars["oneof_index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->index());
+    // oneofCase_ and oneof_
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "private int $oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+      "private java.lang.Object $oneof_name$_;\n");
+    // OneofCase enum
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "public enum $oneof_capitalized_name$Case\n"
+      "    implements com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLite {\n");
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      printer->Print(
+        "$field_name$($field_number$),\n",
+        "field_name",
+        ToUpper(field->name()),
+        "field_number",
+        SimpleItoa(field->number()));
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+      "$cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET(0);\n",
+      "cap_oneof_name",
+      ToUpper(vars["oneof_name"]));
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "private int value = 0;\n"
+      "private $oneof_capitalized_name$Case(int value) {\n"
+      "  this.value = value;\n"
+      "}\n");
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "public static $oneof_capitalized_name$Case valueOf(int value) {\n"
+      "  switch (value) {\n");
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      printer->Print(
+        "    case $field_number$: return $field_name$;\n",
+        "field_number",
+        SimpleItoa(field->number()),
+        "field_name",
+        ToUpper(field->name()));
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+      "    case 0: return $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET;\n"
+      "    default: throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(\n"
+      "      \"Value is undefined for this oneof enum.\");\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "public int getNumber() {\n"
+      "  return this.value;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "cap_oneof_name", ToUpper(vars["oneof_name"]));
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("};\n\n");
+    // oneofCase()
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "public $oneof_capitalized_name$Case\n"
+      "get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case() {\n"
+      "  return $oneof_capitalized_name$Case.valueOf(\n"
+      "      $oneof_name$Case_);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "private void clear$oneof_capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  $oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+      "  $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+  }
+
+  // Fields
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print("public static final int $constant_name$ = $number$;\n",
+      "constant_name", FieldConstantName(descriptor_->field(i)),
+      "number", SimpleItoa(descriptor_->field(i)->number()));
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i)).GenerateMembers(printer);
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(printer);
+
+  if (HasEqualsAndHashCode(descriptor_)) {
+    GenerateEqualsAndHashCode(printer);
+  }
+
+
+  GenerateParseFromMethods(printer);
+  GenerateBuilder(printer);
+
+  if (HasRequiredFields(descriptor_)) {
+    // Memoizes whether the protocol buffer is fully initialized (has all
+    // required fields). -1 means not yet computed. 0 means false and 1 means
+    // true.
+    printer->Print(
+      "private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "protected final Object dynamicMethod(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.MethodToInvoke method,\n"
+    "    Object... args) {\n"
+    "  switch (method) {\n"
+    "    case PARSE_PARTIAL_FROM: {\n"
+    "      return new $classname$("
+    "          (com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream) args[0],\n"
+    "          (com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) args[1]);\n"
+    "    }\n"
+    "    case NEW_INSTANCE: {\n"
+    "      return new $classname$(\n"
+    "          com.google.protobuf.Internal.EMPTY_CODED_INPUT_STREAM,\n"
+    "          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite\n"
+    "              .getEmptyRegistry());\n"
+    "    }\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "case IS_INITIALIZED: {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  GenerateDynamicMethodIsInitialized(printer);
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "}\n"
+    "case MAKE_IMMUTABLE: {\n");
+
+  printer->Indent();
+  GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutable(printer);
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "}\n"
+    "case NEW_BUILDER: {\n");
+
+  printer->Indent();
+  GenerateDynamicMethodNewBuilder(printer);
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "}\n"
+    "case MERGE_FROM: {\n");
+
+  printer->Indent();
+  GenerateDynamicMethodMergeFrom(printer);
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n");
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "  }\n"
+    "  throw new UnsupportedOperationException();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "\n"
+    "// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:$full_name$)\n",
+    "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
+
+
+  // Carefully initialize the default instance in such a way that it doesn't
+  // conflict with other initialization.
+  printer->Print(
+    "private static final $classname$ DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "static {\n"
+    "  DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new $classname$(\n"
+    "      com.google.protobuf.Internal\n"
+    "          .EMPTY_CODED_INPUT_STREAM,\n"
+    "      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite\n"
+    "          .getEmptyRegistry());\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static $classname$ getDefaultInstance() {\n"
+      "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  GenerateParser(printer);
+
+  // LITE_RUNTIME uses this to implement the *ForType methods at the
+  // GeneratedMessageLite level.
+  printer->Print(
+    "static {\n"
+    "  com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite.onLoad(\n"
+    "      $classname$.class, new com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite\n"
+    "          .PrototypeHolder<$classname$, Builder>(\n"
+    "              DEFAULT_INSTANCE, PARSER));"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  // Extensions must be declared after the DEFAULT_INSTANCE is initialized
+  // because the DEFAULT_INSTANCE is used by the extension to lazily retrieve
+  // the outer class's FileDescriptor.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    ImmutableExtensionGenerator(descriptor_->extension(i), context_)
+        .Generate(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  google::protobuf::scoped_array<const FieldDescriptor * > sorted_fields(
+      SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_));
+
+  vector<const Descriptor::ExtensionRange*> sorted_extensions;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_range_count(); ++i) {
+    sorted_extensions.push_back(descriptor_->extension_range(i));
+  }
+  std::sort(sorted_extensions.begin(), sorted_extensions.end(),
+            ExtensionRangeOrdering());
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)\n"
+    "                    throws java.io.IOException {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  if (HasPackedFields(descriptor_)) {
+    // writeTo(CodedOutputStream output) might be invoked without
+    // getSerializedSize() ever being called, but we need the memoized
+    // sizes in case this message has packed fields. Rather than emit checks for
+    // each packed field, just call getSerializedSize() up front.
+    // In most cases, getSerializedSize() will have already been called anyway
+    // by one of the wrapper writeTo() methods, making this call cheap.
+    printer->Print(
+      "getSerializedSize();\n");
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite\n"
+        "  .ExtendableMessage<$classname$, $classname$.Builder>\n"
+        "    .ExtensionWriter extensionWriter =\n"
+        "      newMessageSetExtensionWriter();\n",
+        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+        "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageLite\n"
+        "  .ExtendableMessage<$classname$, $classname$.Builder>\n"
+        "    .ExtensionWriter extensionWriter =\n"
+        "      newExtensionWriter();\n",
+        "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Merge the fields and the extension ranges, both sorted by field number.
+  for (int i = 0, j = 0;
+       i < descriptor_->field_count() || j < sorted_extensions.size();
+       ) {
+    if (i == descriptor_->field_count()) {
+      GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(printer, sorted_extensions[j++]);
+    } else if (j == sorted_extensions.size()) {
+      GenerateSerializeOneField(printer, sorted_fields[i++]);
+    } else if (sorted_fields[i]->number() < sorted_extensions[j]->start) {
+      GenerateSerializeOneField(printer, sorted_fields[i++]);
+    } else {
+      GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(printer, sorted_extensions[j++]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "unknownFields.writeTo(output);\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "}\n"
+    "\n"
+    "public int getSerializedSize() {\n"
+    "  int size = memoizedSerializedSize;\n"
+    "  if (size != -1) return size;\n"
+    "\n"
+    "  size = 0;\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_.get(sorted_fields[i]).GenerateSerializedSizeCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "size += extensionsSerializedSizeAsMessageSet();\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+        "size += extensionsSerializedSize();\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "  memoizedSerializedSize = size;\n"
+    "  return size;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParseFromMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Note:  These are separate from GenerateMessageSerializationMethods()
+  //   because they need to be generated even for messages that are optimized
+  //   for code size.
+  printer->Print(
+    "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)\n"
+    "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+    "  return PARSER.parseFrom(data);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+    "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+    "  return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public static $classname$ parseFrom(byte[] data)\n"
+    "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+    "  return PARSER.parseFrom(data);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+    "    byte[] data,\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+    "    throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {\n"
+    "  return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public static $classname$ parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)\n"
+    "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+    "  return PARSER.parseFrom(input);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+    "    java.io.InputStream input,\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+    "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+    "  return PARSER.parseFrom(input, extensionRegistry);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public static $classname$ parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)\n"
+    "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+    "  return PARSER.parseDelimitedFrom(input);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public static $classname$ parseDelimitedFrom(\n"
+    "    java.io.InputStream input,\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+    "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+    "  return PARSER.parseDelimitedFrom(input, extensionRegistry);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)\n"
+    "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+    "  return PARSER.parseFrom(input);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public static $classname$ parseFrom(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)\n"
+    "    throws java.io.IOException {\n"
+    "  return PARSER.parseFrom(input, extensionRegistry);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateSerializeOneField(
+    io::Printer* printer, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  field_generators_.get(field).GenerateSerializationCode(printer);
+}
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(
+    io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "extensionWriter.writeUntil($end$, output);\n",
+    "end", SimpleItoa(range->end));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateBuilder(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "public static Builder newBuilder() {\n"
+    "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public static Builder newBuilder($classname$ prototype) {\n"
+    "  return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  MessageBuilderLiteGenerator builderGenerator(descriptor_, context_);
+  builderGenerator.Generate(printer);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateDynamicMethodIsInitialized(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Returns null for false, DEFAULT_INSTANCE for true.
+  if (!HasRequiredFields(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print("return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Don't directly compare to -1 to avoid an Android x86 JIT bug.
+  printer->Print(
+    "byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;\n"
+    "if (isInitialized == 1) return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n"
+    "if (isInitialized == 0) return null;\n"
+    "\n"
+    "boolean shouldMemoize = ((Boolean) args[0]).booleanValue();\n");
+
+  // Check that all required fields in this message are set.
+  // TODO(kenton):  We can optimize this when we switch to putting all the
+  //   "has" fields into a single bitfield.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+
+    if (field->is_required()) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "if (!has$name$()) {\n"
+        "  if (shouldMemoize) {\n"
+        "    memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return null;\n"
+        "}\n",
+        "name", info->capitalized_name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Now check that all embedded messages are initialized.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+    if (GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        HasRequiredFields(field->message_type())) {
+      switch (field->label()) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED:
+          printer->Print(
+            "if (!get$name$().isInitialized()) {\n"
+            "  if (shouldMemoize) {\n"
+            "    memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
+            "  }\n"
+            "  return null;\n"
+            "}\n",
+            "type", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(
+                field->message_type()),
+            "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL:
+          if (!SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) &&
+              field->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+            const OneofDescriptor* oneof = field->containing_oneof();
+            const OneofGeneratorInfo* oneof_info =
+                context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(oneof);
+            printer->Print(
+              "if ($oneof_name$Case_ == $field_number$) {\n",
+              "oneof_name", oneof_info->name,
+              "field_number", SimpleItoa(field->number()));
+          } else {
+            printer->Print(
+              "if (has$name$()) {\n",
+              "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          }
+          printer->Print(
+            "  if (!get$name$().isInitialized()) {\n"
+            "    if (shouldMemoize) {\n"
+            "      memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
+            "    }\n"
+            "    return null;\n"
+            "  }\n"
+            "}\n",
+            "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED:
+          if (IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+            printer->Print(
+              "for ($type$ item : get$name$().values()) {\n"
+              "  if (!item.isInitialized()) {\n"
+              "    if (shouldMemoize) {\n"
+              "      memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
+              "    }\n"
+              "    return null;\n"
+              "  }\n"
+              "}\n",
+              "type", MapValueImmutableClassdName(field->message_type(),
+                                                  name_resolver_),
+              "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          } else {
+            printer->Print(
+              "for (int i = 0; i < get$name$Count(); i++) {\n"
+              "  if (!get$name$(i).isInitialized()) {\n"
+              "    if (shouldMemoize) {\n"
+              "      memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
+              "    }\n"
+              "    return null;\n"
+              "  }\n"
+              "}\n",
+              "type", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(
+                  field->message_type()),
+              "name", info->capitalized_name);
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "if (!extensionsAreInitialized()) {\n"
+      "  if (shouldMemoize) {\n"
+      "    memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return null;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "if (shouldMemoize) memoizedIsInitialized = 1;\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;\n"
+    "\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutable(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Output generation code for each field.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+        .GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(printer);
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+    "return null;");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateDynamicMethodNewBuilder(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "return new Builder();");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateDynamicMethodMergeFrom(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    // Optimization:  If other is the default instance, we know none of its
+    //   fields are set so we can skip the merge.
+    "Object arg = args[0];\n"
+    "if (arg == $classname$.getDefaultInstance()) return this;\n"
+    "$classname$ other = ($classname$) arg;\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      field_generators_.get(
+          descriptor_->field(i)).GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Merge oneof fields.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "switch (other.get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case()) {\n",
+      "oneof_capitalized_name",
+      context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+          descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->capitalized_name);
+    printer->Indent();
+    for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
+      printer->Print(
+        "case $field_name$: {\n",
+        "field_name",
+        ToUpper(field->name()));
+      printer->Indent();
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+      printer->Print(
+          "break;\n");
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+          "}\n");
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+      "case $cap_oneof_name$_NOT_SET: {\n"
+      "  break;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "cap_oneof_name",
+      ToUpper(context_->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(
+          descriptor_->oneof_decl(i))->name));
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  // if message type has extensions
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "this.mergeExtensionFields(other);\n");
+  }
+
+  if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "return this;\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+namespace {
+bool CheckHasBitsForEqualsAndHashCode(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(field->file())) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return GetJavaType(field) == JAVATYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      field->containing_oneof() == NULL;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsAndHashCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "@java.lang.Override\n"
+    "public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "if (obj == this) {\n"
+    " return true;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "if (!(obj instanceof $classname$)) {\n"
+    "  return super.equals(obj);\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "$classname$ other = ($classname$) obj;\n"
+    "\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print("boolean result = true;\n");
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+    bool check_has_bits = CheckHasBitsForEqualsAndHashCode(field);
+    if (check_has_bits) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "result = result && (has$name$() == other.has$name$());\n"
+        "if (has$name$()) {\n",
+        "name", info->capitalized_name);
+      printer->Indent();
+    }
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateEqualsCode(printer);
+    if (check_has_bits) {
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+        "}\n");
+    }
+  }
+  if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
+    // Always consider unknown fields for equality. This will sometimes return
+    // false for non-canonical ordering when running in LITE_RUNTIME but it's
+    // the best we can do.
+    printer->Print(
+      "result = result && unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+    "return result;\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "@java.lang.Override\n"
+    "public int hashCode() {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "return memoizedHashCode;\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "}\n"
+    "int hash = 41;\n");
+
+  // Include the hash of the class so that two objects with different types
+  // but the same field values will probably have different hashes.
+  printer->Print("hash = (19 * hash) + $classname$.class.hashCode();\n",
+    "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    const FieldGeneratorInfo* info = context_->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(field);
+    bool check_has_bits = CheckHasBitsForEqualsAndHashCode(field);
+    if (check_has_bits) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "if (has$name$()) {\n",
+        "name", info->capitalized_name);
+      printer->Indent();
+    }
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateHashCode(printer);
+    if (check_has_bits) {
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print("}\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "hash = (29 * hash) + unknownFields.hashCode();\n");
+  printer->Print(
+    "memoizedHashCode = hash;\n"
+    "return hash;\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::
+GenerateExtensionRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    ImmutableExtensionGenerator(descriptor_->extension(i), context_)
+      .GenerateRegistrationCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), context_)
+      .GenerateExtensionRegistrationCode(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingConstructor(io::Printer* printer) {
+  google::protobuf::scoped_array<const FieldDescriptor * > sorted_fields(
+      SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "private $classname$(\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) {\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Initialize all fields to default.
+  GenerateInitializers(printer);
+
+  // Use builder bits to track mutable repeated fields.
+  int totalBuilderBits = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator& field =
+        field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i));
+    totalBuilderBits += field.GetNumBitsForBuilder();
+  }
+  int totalBuilderInts = (totalBuilderBits + 31) / 32;
+  for (int i = 0; i < totalBuilderInts; i++) {
+    printer->Print("int mutable_$bit_field_name$ = 0;\n",
+      "bit_field_name", GetBitFieldName(i));
+  }
+
+  if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSetLite.Builder unknownFields =\n"
+      "    com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSetLite.newBuilder();\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "try {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "boolean done = false;\n"
+    "while (!done) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "int tag = input.readTag();\n"
+    "switch (tag) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "case 0:\n"          // zero signals EOF / limit reached
+    "  done = true;\n"
+    "  break;\n");
+
+  if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
+    if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+      // Lite runtime directly invokes parseUnknownField to reduce method
+      // counts.
+      printer->Print(
+        "default: {\n"
+        "  if (!parseUnknownField(extensions, getDefaultInstanceForType(),\n"
+        "                         input, unknownFields,\n"
+        "                         extensionRegistry, tag)) {\n"
+        "    done = true;\n"  // it's an endgroup tag
+        "  }\n"
+        "  break;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+        "default: {\n"
+        "  if (!parseUnknownField(input, unknownFields,\n"
+        "                         extensionRegistry, tag)) {\n"
+        "    done = true;\n"  // it's an endgroup tag
+        "  }\n"
+        "  break;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      "default: {\n"
+      "  if (!input.skipField(tag)) {\n"
+      "    done = true;\n"  // it's an endgroup tag
+      "  }\n"
+      "  break;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = sorted_fields[i];
+    uint32 tag = WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(),
+      WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(field->type()));
+
+    printer->Print(
+      "case $tag$: {\n",
+      "tag", SimpleItoa(tag));
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateParsingCode(printer);
+
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print(
+      "  break;\n"
+      "}\n");
+
+    if (field->is_packable()) {
+      // To make packed = true wire compatible, we generate parsing code from a
+      // packed version of this field regardless of field->options().packed().
+      uint32 packed_tag = WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(),
+        WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      printer->Print(
+        "case $tag$: {\n",
+        "tag", SimpleItoa(packed_tag));
+      printer->Indent();
+
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(printer);
+
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+        "  break;\n"
+        "}\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "  }\n"     // switch (tag)
+      "}\n");     // while (!done)
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "} catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {\n"
+      "  throw new RuntimeException(e.setUnfinishedMessage(this));\n"
+      "} catch (java.io.IOException e) {\n"
+      "  throw new RuntimeException(\n"
+      "      new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(\n"
+      "          e.getMessage()).setUnfinishedMessage(this));\n"
+      "} finally {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Make repeated field list immutable.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = sorted_fields[i];
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateParsingDoneCode(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
+    // Make unknown fields immutable.
+    printer->Print("this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();\n");
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    // Make extensions immutable.
+    printer->Print(
+        "makeExtensionsImmutable(extensions);\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "  }\n"     // finally
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateParser(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "public static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<$classname$> PARSER =\n"
+      "    new DefaultInstanceBasedParser(DEFAULT_INSTANCE);\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateInitializers(io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GenerateInitializationCode(printer);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2bd3cdd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: dweis@google.com (Daniel Weis)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_LITE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <map>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator : public MessageGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor,
+                                     Context* context);
+  virtual ~ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator();
+
+  virtual void Generate(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateInterface(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateExtensionRegistrationCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual void GenerateStaticVariables(io::Printer* printer);
+  virtual int GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+
+  void GenerateMessageSerializationMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateParseFromMethods(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSerializeOneField(io::Printer* printer,
+                                 const FieldDescriptor* field);
+  void GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(
+      io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range);
+
+  void GenerateBuilder(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodIsInitialized(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutable(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodMergeFrom(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodNewBuilder(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateInitializers(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateEqualsAndHashCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateParser(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateParsingConstructor(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+  FieldGeneratorMap<ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator> field_generators_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_MESSAGE_LITE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.cc
index e331d7a4..7bebe12a 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field.cc
@@ -74,7 +74,12 @@ void SetPrimitiveVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
       "" : ("= " + ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver));
   (*variables)["capitalized_type"] =
       GetCapitalizedType(descriptor, /* immutable = */ true);
-  (*variables)["tag"] = SimpleItoa(WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor));
+  if (descriptor->is_packed()) {
+    (*variables)["tag"] = SimpleItoa(WireFormatLite::MakeTag(
+        descriptor->number(), WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED));
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["tag"] = SimpleItoa(WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor));
+  }
   (*variables)["tag_size"] = SimpleItoa(
       WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor->number(), GetType(descriptor)));
   if (IsReferenceType(GetJavaType(descriptor))) {
@@ -599,7 +604,7 @@ GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
     "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
     "}\n");
 
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed() &&
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed() &&
       HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "private int $name$MemoizedSerializedSize = -1;\n");
@@ -771,7 +776,10 @@ GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
 void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldGenerator::
 GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
+    // We invoke getSerializedSize in writeTo for messages that have packed
+    // fields in ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateMessageSerializationMethods.
+    // That makes it safe to rely on the memoized size here.
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "if (get$capitalized_name$List().size() > 0) {\n"
       "  output.writeRawVarint32($tag$);\n"
@@ -809,7 +817,7 @@ GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(
       "size += dataSize;\n");
 
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "if (!get$capitalized_name$List().isEmpty()) {\n"
       "  size += $tag_size$;\n"
@@ -822,7 +830,7 @@ GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   }
 
   // cache the data size for packed fields.
-  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "$name$MemoizedSerializedSize = dataSize;\n");
   }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..217ff9b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,892 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetPrimitiveVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                           int messageBitIndex,
+                           int builderBitIndex,
+                           const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                           ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                           map<string, string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+
+  (*variables)["type"] = PrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(descriptor));
+  (*variables)["boxed_type"] = BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(descriptor));
+  (*variables)["field_type"] = (*variables)["type"];
+  (*variables)["default"] = ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["default_init"] = IsDefaultValueJavaDefault(descriptor) ?
+      "" : ("= " + ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver));
+  (*variables)["capitalized_type"] =
+      GetCapitalizedType(descriptor, /* immutable = */ true);
+  (*variables)["tag"] = SimpleItoa(WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor));
+  (*variables)["tag_size"] = SimpleItoa(
+      WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor->number(), GetType(descriptor)));
+
+  string capitalized_type = UnderscoresToCamelCase(PrimitiveTypeName(
+        GetJavaType(descriptor)), true /* cap_next_letter */);
+  switch (GetJavaType(descriptor)) {
+    case JAVATYPE_INT:
+    case JAVATYPE_LONG:
+    case JAVATYPE_FLOAT:
+    case JAVATYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      (*variables)["field_list_type"] =
+          "com.google.protobuf.Internal." + capitalized_type + "List";
+      (*variables)["new_list"] = "new" + capitalized_type + "List";
+      (*variables)["empty_list"] = "empty" + capitalized_type + "List()";
+      (*variables)["make_name_unmodifiable"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_.makeImmutable()";
+      (*variables)["repeated_index_get"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_.get" + capitalized_type + "(index)";
+      (*variables)["repeated_add"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_.add" + capitalized_type;
+      (*variables)["repeated_set"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_.set" + capitalized_type;
+      break;
+    default:
+      (*variables)["field_list_type"] =
+          "com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList<" +
+          (*variables)["boxed_type"] + ">";
+      (*variables)["new_list"] = "newProtobufList";
+      (*variables)["empty_list"] = "emptyProtobufList()";
+      (*variables)["make_name_unmodifiable"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_.makeImmutable()";
+      (*variables)["repeated_index_get"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_.get(index)";
+      (*variables)["repeated_add"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.add";
+      (*variables)["repeated_set"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.set";
+  }
+
+  if (IsReferenceType(GetJavaType(descriptor))) {
+    (*variables)["null_check"] =
+        "  if (value == null) {\n"
+        "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+        "  }\n";
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["null_check"] = "";
+  }
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] = descriptor->options().deprecated()
+      ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  int fixed_size = FixedSize(GetType(descriptor));
+  if (fixed_size != -1) {
+    (*variables)["fixed_size"] = SimpleItoa(fixed_size);
+  }
+  (*variables)["on_changed"] =
+      HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->containing_type()) ? "onChanged();" : "";
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    // For singular messages and builders, one bit is used for the hasField bit.
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+
+    // Note that these have a trailing ";".
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateClearBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+
+    if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+      (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+          "!" + (*variables)["name"] + "_.isEmpty()";
+    } else {
+      (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+          (*variables)["name"] + "_ != " + (*variables)["default"];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // For repeated builders, the underlying list tracks mutability state.
+  (*variables)["is_mutable"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.isModifiable()";
+
+  (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_from_local"] =
+      GenerateGetBitFromLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_to_local"] =
+      GenerateSetBitToLocal(messageBitIndex);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                 int messageBitIndex,
+                                 int builderBitIndex,
+                                 Context* context)
+  : descriptor_(descriptor), messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
+    builderBitIndex_(builderBitIndex), context_(context),
+    name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::~ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$boolean has$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private $field_type$ $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return $name$_;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "$null_check$"
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+    "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  $clear_has_field_bit_message$\n");
+  JavaType type = GetJavaType(descriptor_);
+  if (type == JAVATYPE_STRING || type == JAVATYPE_BYTES) {
+    // The default value is not a simple literal so we want to avoid executing
+    // it multiple times.  Instead, get the default out of the default instance.
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "  $name$_ = getDefaultInstance().get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "  $name$_ = $default$;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer)  const {
+  // noop for primitives
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $default$;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for primitives
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "if (other.has$capitalized_name$()) {\n"
+      "  set$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "if (other.get$capitalized_name$() != $default$) {\n"
+      "  set$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for primitives
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for scalars
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+    "$name$_ = input.read$capitalized_type$();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for primitives.
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+    "  output.write$capitalized_type$($number$, $name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .compute$capitalized_type$Size($number$, $name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  switch (GetJavaType(descriptor_)) {
+    case JAVATYPE_INT:
+    case JAVATYPE_LONG:
+    case JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "result = result && (get$capitalized_name$()\n"
+        "    == other.get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_FLOAT:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "result = result && (\n"
+        "    java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(get$capitalized_name$())\n"
+        "    == java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(\n"
+        "        other.get$capitalized_name$()));\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_DOUBLE:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "result = result && (\n"
+        "    java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(get$capitalized_name$())\n"
+        "    == java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(\n"
+        "        other.get$capitalized_name$()));\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+    case JAVATYPE_BYTES:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "result = result && get$capitalized_name$()\n"
+        "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+    case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n");
+  switch (GetJavaType(descriptor_)) {
+    case JAVATYPE_INT:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_LONG:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "hash = (53 * hash) + com.google.protobuf.Internal.hashLong(\n"
+        "    get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "hash = (53 * hash) + com.google.protobuf.Internal.hashBoolean(\n"
+        "    get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_FLOAT:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "hash = (53 * hash) + java.lang.Float.floatToIntBits(\n"
+        "    get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_DOUBLE:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "hash = (53 * hash) + com.google.protobuf.Internal.hashLong(\n"
+        "    java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits(get$capitalized_name$()));\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+    case JAVATYPE_BYTES:
+      printer->Print(variables_,
+        "hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$().hashCode();\n");
+      break;
+
+    case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+    case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+string ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(descriptor_));
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                 int messageBitIndex,
+                                 int builderBitIndex,
+                                 Context* context)
+    : ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(
+          descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+~ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "    return ($boxed_type$) $oneof_name$_;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return $default$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "$null_check$"
+    "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "    $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for primitives
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "set$capitalized_name$(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "$oneof_name$_ = input.read$capitalized_type$();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "  output.write$capitalized_type$(\n"
+    "      $number$, ($type$)(($boxed_type$) $oneof_name$_));\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .compute$capitalized_type$Size(\n"
+    "        $number$, ($type$)(($boxed_type$) $oneof_name$_));\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                         int messageBitIndex,
+                                         int builderBitIndex,
+                                         Context* context)
+  : descriptor_(descriptor), messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
+    builderBitIndex_(builderBitIndex), context_(context),
+    name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+~RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$java.util.List<$boxed_type$> get$capitalized_name$List();\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$$type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index);\n");
+}
+
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private $field_list_type$ $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$boxed_type$>\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$List() {\n"
+    "  return $name$_;\n"   // note:  unmodifiable list
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Count() {\n"
+    "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  return $repeated_index_get$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  if (descriptor_->options().packed() &&
+      HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "private int $name$MemoizedSerializedSize = -1;\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+    "  if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = $new_list$($name$_);\n"
+    "   }\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "$null_check$"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $repeated_set$(index, value);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void add$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "$null_check$"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $repeated_add$(value);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $boxed_type$> values) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.addAll(\n"
+    "      values, $name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = $empty_list$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.util.List<$boxed_type$>\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$List() {\n"
+    "  return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(\n"
+    "      instance.get$capitalized_name$List());\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Count() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Count();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public $type$ get$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(index, value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.Iterable<? extends $boxed_type$> values) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.addAll$capitalized_name$(values);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer)  const {
+  // noop for primitives
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $empty_list$;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for primitives
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The code below does two optimizations:
+  //   1. If the other list is empty, there's nothing to do. This ensures we
+  //      don't allocate a new array if we already have an immutable one.
+  //   2. If the other list is non-empty and our current list is empty, we can
+  //      reuse the other list which is guaranteed to be immutable.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (!other.$name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+    "  if ($name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "    $name$_.addAll(other.$name$_);\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $on_changed$\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for primitives
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_.makeImmutable();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = $new_list$();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "$repeated_add$(input.read$capitalized_type$());\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "int length = input.readRawVarint32();\n"
+    "int limit = input.pushLimit(length);\n"
+    "if (!$is_mutable$ && input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = $new_list$();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {\n"
+    "  $repeated_add$(input.read$capitalized_type$());\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "input.popLimit(limit);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "  $make_name_unmodifiable$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+    // We invoke getSerializedSize in writeTo for messages that have packed
+    // fields in ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateMessageSerializationMethods.
+    // That makes it safe to rely on the memoized size here.
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "if (get$capitalized_name$List().size() > 0) {\n"
+      "  output.writeRawVarint32($tag$);\n"
+      "  output.writeRawVarint32($name$MemoizedSerializedSize);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+      "  output.write$capitalized_type$NoTag($name$_.get(i));\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+      "  output.write$capitalized_type$($number$, $name$_.get(i));\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "{\n"
+    "  int dataSize = 0;\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  if (FixedSize(GetType(descriptor_)) == -1) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+      "  dataSize += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+      "    .compute$capitalized_type$SizeNoTag($name$_.get(i));\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "dataSize = $fixed_size$ * get$capitalized_name$List().size();\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "size += dataSize;\n");
+
+  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "if (!get$capitalized_name$List().isEmpty()) {\n"
+      "  size += $tag_size$;\n"
+      "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+      "      .computeInt32SizeNoTag(dataSize);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "size += $tag_size$ * get$capitalized_name$List().size();\n");
+  }
+
+  // cache the data size for packed fields.
+  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$name$MemoizedSerializedSize = dataSize;\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "result = result && get$capitalized_name$List()\n"
+    "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$List());\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (get$capitalized_name$Count() > 0) {\n"
+    "  hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+    "  hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$List().hashCode();\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+string RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(GetJavaType(descriptor_));
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ad603c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_primitive_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+  namespace compiler {
+    namespace java {
+      class Context;           // context.h
+      class ClassNameResolver; // name_resolver.h
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+  const int messageBitIndex_;
+  const int builderBitIndex_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutablePrimitiveOneofFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  virtual ~RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuildingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+  const int messageBitIndex_;
+  const int builderBitIndex_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutablePrimitiveFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc
index 2e61ea8a..70177367 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ void SharedCodeGenerator::GenerateDescriptors(io::Printer* printer) {
       string classname = FileJavaPackage(file_->dependency(i)) + "." +
                          name_resolver_->GetDescriptorClassName(
                              file_->dependency(i));
-      dependencies.push_back(make_pair(filename, classname));
+      dependencies.push_back(std::make_pair(filename, classname));
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.cc
index 1c9302af..68e863cc 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field.cc
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void ImmutableStringFieldGenerator::
 GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "private java.lang.Object $name$_;\n");
+    "private volatile java.lang.Object $name$_;\n");
   PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
 
   if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();\n"
       "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
-      "$oneof_name$_ = s;\n}\n");
+      "$oneof_name$_ = s;\n");
   } else if (!HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file())) {
     // Lite runtime should attempt to reduce allocations by attempting to
     // construct the string directly from the input stream buffer. This avoids
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..51bb245c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1013 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// Author: jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_context.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_doc_comment.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_name_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetPrimitiveVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                           int messageBitIndex,
+                           int builderBitIndex,
+                           const FieldGeneratorInfo* info,
+                           ClassNameResolver* name_resolver,
+                           map<string, string>* variables) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, info, variables);
+
+  (*variables)["empty_list"] = "emptyLazyStringArrayList()";
+
+  (*variables)["default"] = ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["default_init"] =
+      "= " + ImmutableDefaultValue(descriptor, name_resolver);
+  (*variables)["capitalized_type"] = "String";
+  (*variables)["tag"] = SimpleItoa(WireFormat::MakeTag(descriptor));
+  (*variables)["tag_size"] = SimpleItoa(
+      WireFormat::TagSize(descriptor->number(), GetType(descriptor)));
+  (*variables)["null_check"] =
+      "  if (value == null) {\n"
+      "    throw new NullPointerException();\n"
+      "  }\n";
+
+  // TODO(birdo): Add @deprecated javadoc when generating javadoc is supported
+  // by the proto compiler
+  (*variables)["deprecation"] = descriptor->options().deprecated()
+      ? "@java.lang.Deprecated " : "";
+  (*variables)["on_changed"] =
+      HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor->containing_type()) ? "onChanged();" : "";
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor->file())) {
+    // For singular messages and builders, one bit is used for the hasField bit.
+    (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+
+    // Note that these have a trailing ";".
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateSetBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] =
+        GenerateClearBit(messageBitIndex) + ";";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] = GenerateGetBit(messageBitIndex);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+    (*variables)["clear_has_field_bit_message"] = "";
+
+    (*variables)["is_field_present_message"] =
+        "!get" + (*variables)["capitalized_name"] + "Bytes().isEmpty()";
+  }
+
+  // For repeated builders, the underlying list tracks mutability state.
+  (*variables)["is_mutable"] = (*variables)["name"] + "_.isModifiable()";
+
+  (*variables)["get_has_field_bit_from_local"] =
+      GenerateGetBitFromLocal(builderBitIndex);
+  (*variables)["set_has_field_bit_to_local"] =
+      GenerateSetBitToLocal(messageBitIndex);
+}
+
+bool CheckUtf8(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->file()->options().java_string_check_utf8();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                              int messageBitIndex,
+                              int builderBitIndex,
+                              Context* context)
+  : descriptor_(descriptor), messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
+    builderBitIndex_(builderBitIndex), context_(context),
+    name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::~ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 1;
+}
+
+int ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// A note about how strings are handled. This code used to just store a String
+// in the Message. This had two issues:
+//
+//  1. It wouldn't roundtrip byte arrays that were not vaid UTF-8 encoded
+//     strings, but rather fields that were raw bytes incorrectly marked
+//     as strings in the proto file. This is common because in the proto1
+//     syntax, string was the way to indicate bytes and C++ engineers can
+//     easily make this mistake without affecting the C++ API. By converting to
+//     strings immediately, some java code might corrupt these byte arrays as
+//     it passes through a java server even if the field was never accessed by
+//     application code.
+//
+//  2. There's a performance hit to converting between bytes and strings and
+//     it many cases, the field is never even read by the application code. This
+//     avoids unnecessary conversions in the common use cases.
+//
+// So now, the field for String is maintained as an Object reference which can
+// either store a String or a ByteString. The code uses an instanceof check
+// to see which one it has and converts to the other one if needed. It remembers
+// the last value requested (in a thread safe manner) as this is most likely
+// the one needed next. The thread safety is such that if two threads both
+// convert the field because the changes made by each thread were not visible to
+// the other, they may cause a conversion to happen more times than would
+// otherwise be necessary. This was deemed better than adding synchronization
+// overhead. It will not cause any corruption issues or affect the behavior of
+// the API. The instanceof check is also highly optimized in the JVM and we
+// decided it was better to reduce the memory overhead by not having two
+// separate fields but rather use dynamic type checking.
+//
+// For single fields, the logic for this is done inside the generated code. For
+// repeated fields, the logic is done in LazyStringArrayList and
+// UnmodifiableLazyStringList.
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$boolean has$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  }
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$java.lang.String get$capitalized_name$();\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$Bytes();\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private java.lang.Object $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return $get_has_field_bit_message$;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.lang.String get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  java.lang.Object ref = $name$_;\n"
+    "  if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {\n"
+    "    return (java.lang.String) ref;\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = \n"
+    "        (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;\n"
+      "    java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();\n");
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "    $name$_ = s;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "    if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {\n"
+      "      $name$_ = s;\n"
+      "    }\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "    return s;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$Bytes() {\n"
+    "  java.lang.Object ref = $name$_;\n"
+    "  if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = \n"
+    "        com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(\n"
+    "            (java.lang.String) ref);\n"
+    "    $name$_ = b;\n"
+    "    return b;\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+    "$null_check$"
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+    "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  $clear_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+    // The default value is not a simple literal so we want to avoid executing
+    // it multiple times.  Instead, get the default out of the default instance.
+    "  $name$_ = getDefaultInstance().get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$Bytes(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n"
+    "$null_check$");
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+    "  $name$_ = value;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.lang.String get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$Bytes() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Bytes();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$Bytes(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$Bytes(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer)  const {
+  // noop for strings
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $default$;\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Allow a slight breach of abstraction here in order to avoid forcing
+    // all string fields to Strings when copying fields from a Message.
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "if (other.has$capitalized_name$()) {\n"
+      "  $set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+      "  $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+      "  $on_changed$\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "if (!other.get$capitalized_name$().isEmpty()) {\n"
+      "  $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+      "  $on_changed$\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for scalars
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();\n"
+      "$set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+      "$name$_ = s;\n");
+  } else if (!HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Lite runtime should attempt to reduce allocations by attempting to
+    // construct the string directly from the input stream buffer. This avoids
+    // spurious intermediary ByteString allocations, cutting overall allocations
+    // in half.
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "String s = input.readString();\n"
+      "$set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+      "$name$_ = s;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();\n"
+      "$set_has_field_bit_message$\n"
+      "$name$_ = bs;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // noop for strings
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+    "  output.writeBytes($number$, get$capitalized_name$Bytes());\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($is_field_present_message$) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .computeBytesSize($number$, get$capitalized_name$Bytes());\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "result = result && get$capitalized_name$()\n"
+    "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$());\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$().hashCode();\n");
+}
+
+string ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return "java.lang.String";
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                   int messageBitIndex,
+                                   int builderBitIndex,
+                                   Context* context)
+    : ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(
+          descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex, context) {
+  const OneofGeneratorInfo* info =
+      context->GetOneofGeneratorInfo(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, info, &variables_);
+}
+
+ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+~ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return $has_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.lang.String get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  java.lang.Object ref $default_init$;\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "    ref = $oneof_name$_;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {\n"
+    "    return (java.lang.String) ref;\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = \n"
+    "        (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;\n"
+    "    java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();\n");
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+    "    if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "      $oneof_name$_ = s;\n"
+    "    }\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+    "    if (bs.isValidUtf8() && ($has_oneof_case_message$)) {\n"
+    "      $oneof_name$_ = s;\n"
+    "    }\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "    return s;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$Bytes() {\n"
+    "  java.lang.Object ref $default_init$;\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "    ref = $oneof_name$_;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = \n"
+    "        com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(\n"
+    "            (java.lang.String) ref);\n"
+    "    if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "      $oneof_name$_ = b;\n"
+    "    }\n"
+    "    return b;\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+    "$null_check$"
+    "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "    $clear_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "    $oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$Bytes(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n"
+    "$null_check$");
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "  $set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "  $oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (SupportFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$deprecation$public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  return instance.has$capitalized_name$();\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.lang.String get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$Bytes() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Bytes();\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$Bytes(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$Bytes(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Allow a slight breach of abstraction here in order to avoid forcing
+  // all string fields to Strings when copying fields from a Message.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+    "$oneof_name$_ = other.$oneof_name$_;\n"
+    "$on_changed$\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();\n"
+      "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "$oneof_name$_ = s;\n");
+  } else if (!HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Lite runtime should attempt to reduce allocations by attempting to
+    // construct the string directly from the input stream buffer. This avoids
+    // spurious intermediary ByteString allocations, cutting overall allocations
+    // in half.
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "String s = input.readString();\n"
+      "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "$oneof_name$_ = s;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();\n"
+      "$set_oneof_case_message$;\n"
+      "$oneof_name$_ = bs;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "  output.writeBytes($number$, get$capitalized_name$Bytes());\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case_message$) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .computeBytesSize($number$, get$capitalized_name$Bytes());\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                      int messageBitIndex,
+                                      int builderBitIndex,
+                                      Context* context)
+  : descriptor_(descriptor), messageBitIndex_(messageBitIndex),
+    builderBitIndex_(builderBitIndex), context_(context),
+    name_resolver_(context->GetNameResolver()) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, messageBitIndex, builderBitIndex,
+                        context->GetFieldGeneratorInfo(descriptor),
+                        name_resolver_, &variables_);
+}
+
+RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+~RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator() {}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForMessage() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GetNumBitsForBuilder() const {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$com.google.protobuf.ProtocolStringList\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$List();\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$int get$capitalized_name$Count();\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$java.lang.String get$capitalized_name$(int index);\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$Bytes(int index);\n");
+}
+
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList $name$_;\n");
+  PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ProtocolStringList\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$List() {\n"
+    "  return $name$_;\n"   // note:  unmodifiable list
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Count() {\n"
+    "  return $name$_.size();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.lang.String get$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  return $name$_.get(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$Bytes(int index) {\n"
+    "  return $name$_.getByteString(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  if (descriptor_->options().packed() &&
+      HasGeneratedMethods(descriptor_->containing_type())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "private int $name$MemoizedSerializedSize = -1;\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable() {\n"
+    "  if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = new com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList($name$_);\n"
+    "   }\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, java.lang.String value) {\n"
+    "$null_check$"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.set(index, value);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+    "$null_check$"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.add(value);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.Iterable<java.lang.String> values) {\n"
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.addAll(\n"
+    "      values, $name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = $empty_list$;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "private void add$capitalized_name$Bytes(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n"
+    "$null_check$");
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "  ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "  $name$_.add(value);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ProtocolStringList\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$List() {\n"
+    "  return ((com.google.protobuf.LazyStringList)\n"
+    "      instance.get$capitalized_name$List()).getUnmodifiableView();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public int get$capitalized_name$Count() {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Count();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public java.lang.String get$capitalized_name$(int index) {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public com.google.protobuf.ByteString\n"
+    "    get$capitalized_name$Bytes(int index) {\n"
+    "  return instance.get$capitalized_name$Bytes(index);\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder set$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    int index, java.lang.String value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.set$capitalized_name$(index, value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.String value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.add$capitalized_name$(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder addAll$capitalized_name$(\n"
+    "    java.lang.Iterable<java.lang.String> values) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.addAll$capitalized_name$(values);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder clear$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.clear$capitalized_name$();\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  WriteFieldDocComment(printer, descriptor_);
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$deprecation$public Builder add$capitalized_name$Bytes(\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {\n"
+    "  copyOnWrite();\n"
+    "  instance.add$capitalized_name$Bytes(value);\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer)  const {
+  // noop for strings
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_ = $empty_list$;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // The code below does two optimizations:
+  //   1. If the other list is empty, there's nothing to do. This ensures we
+  //      don't allocate a new array if we already have an immutable one.
+  //   2. If the other list is non-empty and our current list is empty, we can
+  //      reuse the other list which is guaranteed to be immutable.
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (!other.$name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+    "  if ($name$_.isEmpty()) {\n"
+    "    $name$_ = other.$name$_;\n"
+    "  } else {\n"
+    "    ensure$capitalized_name$IsMutable();\n"
+    "    $name$_.addAll(other.$name$_);\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  $on_changed$\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$_.makeImmutable();\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+    "String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();\n");
+  } else if (!HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Lite runtime should attempt to reduce allocations by attempting to
+    // construct the string directly from the input stream buffer. This avoids
+    // spurious intermediary ByteString allocations, cutting overall allocations
+    // in half.
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+    "String s = input.readString();\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+    "com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (!$is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = new com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList();\n"
+    "}\n");
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_) || !HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file())) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$name$_.add(s);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$name$_.add(bs);\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "int length = input.readRawVarint32();\n"
+    "int limit = input.pushLimit(length);\n"
+    "if (!$is_mutable$ && input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {\n"
+    "  $name$_ = new com.google.protobuf.LazyStringArrayList();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "while (input.getBytesUntilLimit() > 0) {\n");
+  if (CheckUtf8(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "  String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "  String s = input.readString();\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "  $name$.add(s);\n");
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "}\n"
+    "input.popLimit(limit);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($is_mutable$) {\n"
+    "  $name$_.makeImmutable();\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "if (get$capitalized_name$List().size() > 0) {\n"
+      "  output.writeRawVarint32($tag$);\n"
+      "  output.writeRawVarint32($name$MemoizedSerializedSize);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+      "  output.write$capitalized_type$NoTag($name$_.get(i));\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+      "  output.writeBytes($number$, $name$_.getByteString(i));\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "{\n"
+    "  int dataSize = 0;\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "for (int i = 0; i < $name$_.size(); i++) {\n"
+    "  dataSize += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+    "    .computeBytesSizeNoTag($name$_.getByteString(i));\n"
+    "}\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "size += dataSize;\n");
+
+  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "if (!get$capitalized_name$List().isEmpty()) {\n"
+      "  size += $tag_size$;\n"
+      "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
+      "      .computeInt32SizeNoTag(dataSize);\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "size += $tag_size$ * get$capitalized_name$List().size();\n");
+  }
+
+  // cache the data size for packed fields.
+  if (descriptor_->options().packed()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "$name$MemoizedSerializedSize = dataSize;\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "result = result && get$capitalized_name$List()\n"
+    "    .equals(other.get$capitalized_name$List());\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::
+GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (get$capitalized_name$Count() > 0) {\n"
+    "  hash = (37 * hash) + $constant_name$;\n"
+    "  hash = (53 * hash) + get$capitalized_name$List().hashCode();\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+string RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator::GetBoxedType() const {
+  return "String";
+}
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d93b307
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_string_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+// Author: jonp@google.com (Jon Perlow)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_STRING_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_STRING_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+  namespace compiler {
+    namespace java {
+      class Context;           // context.h
+      class ClassNameResolver; // name_resolver.h
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace java {
+
+class ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ protected:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+  const int messageBitIndex_;
+  const int builderBitIndex_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableStringOneofFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator
+    : public ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, int messageBitIndex,
+      int builderBitIndex, Context* context);
+  ~RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator();
+
+  // implements ImmutableFieldLiteGenerator ------------------------------------
+  int GetNumBitsForMessage() const;
+  int GetNumBitsForBuilder() const;
+  void GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateBuilderMembers(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateDynamicMethodMakeImmutableCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingCodeFromPacked(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateParsingDoneCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFieldBuilderInitializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  string GetBoxedType() const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+  const int messageBitIndex_;
+  const int builderBitIndex_;
+  Context* context_;
+  ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedImmutableStringFieldLiteGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace java
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVA_STRING_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum.cc
index f934b05f..c6e8dfe9 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum.cc
@@ -73,13 +73,45 @@ void EnumGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
       "// enum $classname$\n",
       "classname", descriptor_->name());
 
+  const string classname = RenameJavaKeywords(descriptor_->name());
+
   // Start of container interface
+  // If generating intdefs, we use the container interface as the intdef if
+  // present. Otherwise, we just make an empty @interface parallel to the
+  // constants.
+  bool use_intdef = params_.generate_intdefs();
   bool use_shell_class = params_.java_enum_style();
-  if (use_shell_class) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "public interface $classname$ {\n",
-      "classname", RenameJavaKeywords(descriptor_->name()));
+  if (use_intdef) {
+    // @IntDef annotation so tools can enforce correctness
+    // Annotations will be discarded by the compiler
+    printer->Print("@java.lang.annotation.Retention("
+      "java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)\n"
+      "@android.support.annotation.IntDef({\n");
     printer->Indent();
+    for (int i = 0; i < canonical_values_.size(); i++) {
+      const string constant_name =
+          RenameJavaKeywords(canonical_values_[i]->name());
+      if (use_shell_class) {
+        printer->Print("$classname$.$name$,\n",
+          "classname", classname,
+          "name", constant_name);
+      } else {
+        printer->Print("$name$,\n", "name", constant_name);
+      }
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("})\n");
+  }
+  if (use_shell_class || use_intdef) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "public $at_for_intdef$interface $classname$ {\n",
+      "classname", classname,
+      "at_for_intdef", use_intdef ? "@" : "");
+    if (use_shell_class) {
+        printer->Indent();
+    } else {
+        printer->Print("}\n\n");
+    }
   }
 
   // Canonical values
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum_field.cc
index 8a59d323..7666db38 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum_field.cc
@@ -76,6 +76,10 @@ void SetEnumVariables(const Params& params,
       internal::WireFormatLite::MakeTag(descriptor->number(),
           internal::WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(descriptor->type())));
   (*variables)["message_name"] = descriptor->containing_type()->name();
+  const EnumDescriptor* enum_type = descriptor->enum_type();
+  (*variables)["message_type_intdef"] = "@"
+      + ToJavaName(params, enum_type->name(), true,
+          enum_type->containing_type(), enum_type->file());
 }
 
 void LoadEnumValues(const Params& params,
@@ -116,8 +120,10 @@ EnumFieldGenerator::~EnumFieldGenerator() {}
 
 void EnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer, bool /* unused lazy_init */) const {
-  printer->Print(variables_,
-    "public $type$ $name$;\n");
+  if (params_.generate_intdefs()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "$message_type_intdef$\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_, "public $type$ $name$;\n");
 
   if (params_.generate_has()) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
@@ -256,12 +262,22 @@ AccessorEnumFieldGenerator::~AccessorEnumFieldGenerator() {}
 
 void AccessorEnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer, bool /* unused lazy_init */) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "private int $name$_;\n");
+  if (params_.generate_intdefs()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "$message_type_intdef$\n");
+  }
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "private int $name$_;\n"
     "public int get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
     "  return $name$_;\n"
     "}\n"
-    "public $message_name$ set$capitalized_name$(int value) {\n"
+    "public $message_name$ set$capitalized_name$(");
+  if (params_.generate_intdefs()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+      "\n"
+      "    $message_type_intdef$ ");
+  }
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "int value) {\n"
     "  $name$_ = value;\n"
     "  $set_has$;\n"
     "  return this;\n"
@@ -499,6 +515,14 @@ GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
 }
 
 void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::
+GenerateFixClonedCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (this.$name$ != null && this.$name$.length > 0) {\n"
+    "  cloned.$name$ = this.$name$.clone();\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
     "if (!com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.equals(\n"
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum_field.h
index 00adc61f..b94790d6 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum_field.h
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ class RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateHashCodeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFixClonedCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
 
  private:
   void GenerateRepeatedDataSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_extension.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_extension.cc
index 754ed550..0b9d1d8d 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_extension.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_extension.cc
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ void ExtensionGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) const {
     "        com.google.protobuf.nano.Extension.create$repeated$$ext_type$(\n"
     "            com.google.protobuf.nano.Extension.$type$,\n"
     "            $class$.class,\n"
-    "            $tag_params$);\n");
+    "            $tag_params$L);\n");
 }
 
 }  // namespace javanano
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_field.cc
index e3e4cefe..85257f3f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_field.cc
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_helpers.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_primitive_field.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_map_field.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message_field.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 
@@ -97,12 +98,24 @@ FieldGenerator* FieldGeneratorMap::MakeGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* field,
   if (field->is_repeated()) {
     switch (java_type) {
       case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
-        return new RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(field, params);
+        if (IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+          return new MapFieldGenerator(field, params);
+        } else {
+          return new RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(field, params);
+        }
       case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
         return new RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(field, params);
       default:
         return new RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(field, params);
     }
+  } else if (field->containing_oneof()) {
+    switch (java_type) {
+      case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+        return new MessageOneofFieldGenerator(field, params);
+      case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+      default:
+        return new PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(field, params);
+    }
   } else if (params.optional_field_accessors() && field->is_optional()
       && java_type != JAVATYPE_MESSAGE) {
     // We need a has-bit for each primitive/enum field because their default
@@ -137,6 +150,59 @@ const FieldGenerator& FieldGeneratorMap::get(
   return *field_generators_[field->index()];
 }
 
+void SetCommonOneofVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             map<string, string>* variables) {
+  (*variables)["oneof_name"] =
+      UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  (*variables)["oneof_capitalized_name"] =
+      UnderscoresToCapitalizedCamelCase(descriptor->containing_oneof());
+  (*variables)["oneof_index"] =
+      SimpleItoa(descriptor->containing_oneof()->index());
+  (*variables)["set_oneof_case"] =
+      "this." + (*variables)["oneof_name"] +
+      "Case_ = " + SimpleItoa(descriptor->number());
+  (*variables)["clear_oneof_case"] =
+      "this." + (*variables)["oneof_name"] + "Case_ = 0";
+  (*variables)["has_oneof_case"] =
+      "this." + (*variables)["oneof_name"] + "Case_ == " +
+      SimpleItoa(descriptor->number());
+}
+
+void GenerateOneofFieldEquals(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                              const map<string, string>& variables,
+                              io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (GetJavaType(descriptor) == JAVATYPE_BYTES) {
+    printer->Print(variables,
+      "if (this.has$capitalized_name$()) {\n"
+      "  if (!java.util.Arrays.equals((byte[]) this.$oneof_name$_,\n"
+      "                               (byte[]) other.$oneof_name$_)) {\n"
+      "    return false;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables,
+      "if (this.has$capitalized_name$()) {\n"
+      "  if (!this.$oneof_name$_.equals(other.$oneof_name$_)) {\n"
+      "    return false;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+}
+
+void GenerateOneofFieldHashCode(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                const map<string, string>& variables,
+                                io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (GetJavaType(descriptor) == JAVATYPE_BYTES) {
+    printer->Print(variables,
+      "result = 31 * result + ($has_oneof_case$\n"
+      "   ? java.util.Arrays.hashCode((byte[]) this.$oneof_name$_) : 0);\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables,
+      "result = 31 * result +\n"
+      "  ($has_oneof_case$ ? this.$oneof_name$_.hashCode() : 0);\n");
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace javanano
 }  // namespace compiler
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_field.h
index 6170c2c0..57c221f4 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_field.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVANANO_FIELD_H__
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVANANO_FIELD_H__
 
+#include <map>
 #include <string>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ class FieldGenerator {
   virtual void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
   virtual void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
   virtual void GenerateHashCodeCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GenerateFixClonedCode(io::Printer* printer) const {}
 
  protected:
   const Params& params_;
@@ -111,6 +113,15 @@ class FieldGeneratorMap {
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FieldGeneratorMap);
 };
 
+void SetCommonOneofVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             map<string, string>* variables);
+void GenerateOneofFieldEquals(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                              const map<string, string>& variables,
+                              io::Printer* printer);
+void GenerateOneofFieldHashCode(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                const map<string, string>& variables,
+                                io::Printer* printer);
+
 }  // namespace javanano
 }  // namespace compiler
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_generator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_generator.cc
index b5fbcd5f..a33eba1b 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_generator.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_generator.cc
@@ -67,8 +67,15 @@ void UpdateParamsRecursively(Params& params,
       file->name(), file->options().java_outer_classname());
   }
   if (file->options().has_java_package()) {
+    string result = file->options().java_package();
+    if (!file->options().javanano_use_deprecated_package()) {
+      if (!result.empty()) {
+        result += ".";
+      }
+      result += "nano";
+    }
     params.set_java_package(
-      file->name(), file->options().java_package());
+      file->name(), result);
   }
   if (file->options().has_java_multiple_files()) {
     params.set_java_multiple_files(
@@ -152,6 +159,12 @@ bool JavaNanoGenerator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
       params.set_ignore_services(option_value == "true");
     } else if (option_name == "parcelable_messages") {
       params.set_parcelable_messages(option_value == "true");
+    } else if (option_name == "generate_clone") {
+      params.set_generate_clone(option_value == "true");
+    } else if (option_name == "generate_intdefs") {
+      params.set_generate_intdefs(option_value == "true");
+    } else if (option_name == "generate_clear") {
+      params.set_generate_clear(option_value == "true");
     } else {
       *error = "Ignore unknown javanano generator option: " + option_name;
     }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_helpers.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_helpers.cc
index 2149418a..5465655f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_helpers.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_helpers.cc
@@ -154,6 +154,14 @@ string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const MethodDescriptor* method) {
   return UnderscoresToCamelCaseImpl(method->name(), false);
 }
 
+string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const OneofDescriptor* oneof) {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCaseImpl(oneof->name(), false);
+}
+
+string UnderscoresToCapitalizedCamelCase(const OneofDescriptor* oneof) {
+  return UnderscoresToCamelCaseImpl(oneof->name(), true);
+}
+
 string RenameJavaKeywords(const string& input) {
   return sRenameKeywords.RenameJavaKeywordsImpl(input);
 }
@@ -192,6 +200,14 @@ string FileJavaPackage(const Params& params, const FileDescriptor* file) {
       if (!result.empty()) result += '.';
       result += file->package();
     }
+
+    if (!file->options().javanano_use_deprecated_package()) {
+      if (!result.empty()) {
+        result += ".";
+      }
+      result += "nano";
+    }
+
     return result;
   }
 }
@@ -560,6 +576,17 @@ void SetBitOperationVariables(const string name,
   (*variables)["different_" + name] = GenerateDifferentBit(bitIndex);
 }
 
+bool HasMapField(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->field(i);
+    if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+        IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 }  // namespace javanano
 }  // namespace compiler
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_helpers.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_helpers.h
index 29310743..014c85ae 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_helpers.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_helpers.h
@@ -54,7 +54,9 @@ extern const char kThinSeparator[];
 // Converts the field's name to camel-case, e.g. "foo_bar_baz" becomes
 // "fooBarBaz" or "FooBarBaz", respectively.
 string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const OneofDescriptor* oneof);
 string UnderscoresToCapitalizedCamelCase(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+string UnderscoresToCapitalizedCamelCase(const OneofDescriptor* oneof);
 
 // Appends an "_" to the end of a field where the name is a reserved java
 // keyword.  For example int32 public = 1 will generate int public_.
@@ -181,6 +183,14 @@ string GenerateDifferentBit(int bit_index);
 void SetBitOperationVariables(const string name,
     int bitIndex, map<string, string>* variables);
 
+inline bool IsMapEntry(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  // TODO(liujisi): Add an option to turn on maps for proto2 syntax as well.
+  return descriptor->options().map_entry() &&
+      descriptor->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+bool HasMapField(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+
 }  // namespace javanano
 }  // namespace compiler
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_map_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_map_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83b2b0ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_map_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace javanano {
+
+namespace {
+
+string TypeName(const Params& params, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                bool boxed) {
+  JavaType java_type = GetJavaType(field);
+  switch (java_type) {
+    case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return ClassName(params, field->message_type());
+    case JAVATYPE_INT:
+    case JAVATYPE_LONG:
+    case JAVATYPE_FLOAT:
+    case JAVATYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN:
+    case JAVATYPE_STRING:
+    case JAVATYPE_BYTES:
+    case JAVATYPE_ENUM:
+      if (boxed) {
+        return BoxedPrimitiveTypeName(java_type);
+      } else {
+        return PrimitiveTypeName(java_type);
+      }
+    // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new JavaTypes
+    // are added..
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "should not reach here.";
+  return "";
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* KeyField(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, descriptor->type());
+  const Descriptor* message = descriptor->message_type();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(message->options().map_entry());
+  return message->FindFieldByName("key");
+}
+
+const FieldDescriptor* ValueField(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE, descriptor->type());
+  const Descriptor* message = descriptor->message_type();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(message->options().map_entry());
+  return message->FindFieldByName("value");
+}
+
+void SetMapVariables(const Params& params,
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, map<string, string>* variables) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* key = KeyField(descriptor);
+  const FieldDescriptor* value = ValueField(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["name"] =
+    RenameJavaKeywords(UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor));
+  (*variables)["number"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor->number());
+  (*variables)["key_type"] = TypeName(params, key, false);
+  (*variables)["boxed_key_type"] = TypeName(params,key, true);
+  (*variables)["key_desc_type"] =
+      "TYPE_" + ToUpper(FieldDescriptor::TypeName(key->type()));
+  (*variables)["key_tag"] = SimpleItoa(internal::WireFormat::MakeTag(key));
+  (*variables)["value_type"] = TypeName(params, value, false);
+  (*variables)["boxed_value_type"] = TypeName(params, value, true);
+  (*variables)["value_desc_type"] =
+      "TYPE_" + ToUpper(FieldDescriptor::TypeName(value->type()));
+  (*variables)["value_tag"] = SimpleItoa(internal::WireFormat::MakeTag(value));
+  (*variables)["type_parameters"] =
+      (*variables)["boxed_key_type"] + ", " + (*variables)["boxed_value_type"];
+  (*variables)["value_default"] =
+      value->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE
+          ? "new " + (*variables)["value_type"] + "()"
+          : "null";
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+// ===================================================================
+MapFieldGenerator::MapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                     const Params& params)
+    : FieldGenerator(params), descriptor_(descriptor) {
+  SetMapVariables(params, descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+MapFieldGenerator::~MapFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer, bool /* unused lazy_init */) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "public java.util.Map<$type_parameters$> $name$;\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::
+GenerateClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$name$ = null;\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "this.$name$ = com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.mergeMapEntry(\n"
+    "  input, this.$name$, mapFactory,\n"
+    "  com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.$key_desc_type$,\n"
+    "  com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.$value_desc_type$,\n"
+    "  $value_default$,\n"
+    "  $key_tag$, $value_tag$);\n"
+    "\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (this.$name$ != null) {\n"
+    "  com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.serializeMapField(\n"
+    "    output, this.$name$, $number$,\n"
+    "  com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.$key_desc_type$,\n"
+    "  com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.$value_desc_type$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (this.$name$ != null) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.computeMapFieldSize(\n"
+    "    this.$name$, $number$,\n"
+    "  com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.$key_desc_type$,\n"
+    "  com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.$value_desc_type$);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (!com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.equals(\n"
+    "  this.$name$, other.$name$)) {\n"
+    "  return false;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::
+GenerateHashCodeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "result = 31 * result +\n"
+    "    com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.hashCode(this.$name$);\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace javanano
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_map_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_map_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c01bde38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_map_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVANANO_MAP_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVANANO_MAP_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace javanano {
+
+class MapFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit MapFieldGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Params& params);
+  ~MapFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer, bool lazy_init) const;
+  void GenerateClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCodeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace javanano
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_JAVANANO_MAP_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message.cc
index 7c52ca31..a41da5ae 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message.cc
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ void MessageGenerator::GenerateStaticVariables(io::Printer* printer) {
   // Generate static members for all nested types.
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
     // TODO(kenton):  Reuse MessageGenerator objects?
+    if (IsMapEntry(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) continue;
     MessageGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), params_)
       .GenerateStaticVariables(printer);
   }
@@ -100,6 +101,7 @@ void MessageGenerator::GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(
   // Generate static member initializers for all nested types.
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
    // TODO(kenton):  Reuse MessageGenerator objects?
+    if (IsMapEntry(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) continue;
     MessageGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), params_)
       .GenerateStaticVariableInitializers(printer);
   }
@@ -134,21 +136,37 @@ void MessageGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
   if (params_.store_unknown_fields() && params_.parcelable_messages()) {
     printer->Print(
-      "    com.google.protobuf.nano.android.ParcelableExtendableMessageNano<$classname$> {\n",
+      "    com.google.protobuf.nano.android.ParcelableExtendableMessageNano<$classname$>",
       "classname", descriptor_->name());
   } else if (params_.store_unknown_fields()) {
     printer->Print(
-      "    com.google.protobuf.nano.ExtendableMessageNano<$classname$> {\n",
+      "    com.google.protobuf.nano.ExtendableMessageNano<$classname$>",
       "classname", descriptor_->name());
   } else if (params_.parcelable_messages()) {
     printer->Print(
-      "    com.google.protobuf.nano.android.ParcelableMessageNano {\n");
+      "    com.google.protobuf.nano.android.ParcelableMessageNano");
   } else {
     printer->Print(
-      "    com.google.protobuf.nano.MessageNano {\n");
+      "    com.google.protobuf.nano.MessageNano");
+  }
+  if (params_.generate_clone()) {
+    printer->Print(" implements java.lang.Cloneable {\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(" {\n");
   }
   printer->Indent();
 
+  if (params_.parcelable_messages()) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "// Used by Parcelable\n"
+      "@SuppressWarnings({\"unused\"})\n"
+      "public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<$classname$> CREATOR =\n"
+      "    new com.google.protobuf.nano.android.ParcelableMessageNanoCreator<\n"
+      "        $classname$>($classname$.class);\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  }
+
   // Nested types and extensions
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
     ExtensionGenerator(descriptor_->extension(i), params_).Generate(printer);
@@ -159,9 +177,44 @@ void MessageGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
 
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (IsMapEntry(descriptor_->nested_type(i))) continue;
     MessageGenerator(descriptor_->nested_type(i), params_).Generate(printer);
   }
 
+  // oneof
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["message_name"] = descriptor_->name();
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof_desc = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i);
+    vars["oneof_name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(oneof_desc);
+    vars["oneof_capitalized_name"] =
+        UnderscoresToCapitalizedCamelCase(oneof_desc);
+    vars["oneof_index"] = SimpleItoa(oneof_desc->index());
+    // Oneof Constants
+    for (int j = 0; j < oneof_desc->field_count(); j++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = oneof_desc->field(j);
+      vars["number"] = SimpleItoa(field->number());
+      vars["cap_field_name"] = ToUpper(field->name());
+      printer->Print(vars,
+        "public static final int $cap_field_name$_FIELD_NUMBER = $number$;\n");
+    }
+    // oneofCase_ and oneof_
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "private int $oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+      "private java.lang.Object $oneof_name$_;\n");
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "public int get$oneof_capitalized_name$Case() {\n"
+      "  return this.$oneof_name$Case_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+    // Oneof clear
+    printer->Print(vars,
+      "public $message_name$ clear$oneof_capitalized_name$() {\n"
+      "  this.$oneof_name$Case_ = 0;\n"
+      "  this.$oneof_name$_ = null;\n"
+      "  return this;\n"
+      "}\n");
+  }
+
   // Lazy initialization of otherwise static final fields can help prevent the
   // class initializer from being generated. We want to prevent it because it
   // stops ProGuard from inlining any methods in this class into call sites and
@@ -251,20 +304,28 @@ void MessageGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
     }
     printer->Print("}\n");
   } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      "\n"
+      "public $classname$() {\n",
+      "classname", descriptor_->name());
     if (params_.generate_clear()) {
-      printer->Print(
-        "\n"
-        "public $classname$() {\n"
-        "  clear();\n"
-        "}\n",
-        "classname", descriptor_->name());
+      printer->Print("  clear();\n");
+    } else {
+      printer->Indent();
+      GenerateFieldInitializers(printer);
+      printer->Outdent();
     }
+    printer->Print("}\n");
   }
 
   // Other methods in this class
 
   GenerateClear(printer);
 
+  if (params_.generate_clone()) {
+    GenerateClone(printer);
+  }
+
   if (params_.generate_equals()) {
     GenerateEquals(printer);
     GenerateHashCode(printer);
@@ -342,6 +403,11 @@ void MessageGenerator::GenerateMergeFromMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
     "classname", descriptor_->name());
 
   printer->Indent();
+  if (HasMapField(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "com.google.protobuf.nano.MapFactories.MapFactory mapFactory =\n"
+      "  com.google.protobuf.nano.MapFactories.getMapFactory();\n");
+  }
 
   printer->Print(
     "while (true) {\n");
@@ -453,6 +519,15 @@ void MessageGenerator::GenerateClear(io::Printer* printer) {
     "classname", descriptor_->name());
   printer->Indent();
 
+  GenerateFieldInitializers(printer);
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateFieldInitializers(io::Printer* printer) {
   // Clear bit fields.
   int totalInts = (field_generators_.total_bits() + 31) / 32;
   for (int i = 0; i < totalInts; i++) {
@@ -466,16 +541,46 @@ void MessageGenerator::GenerateClear(io::Printer* printer) {
     field_generators_.get(field).GenerateClearCode(printer);
   }
 
+  // Clear oneofs.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    printer->Print(
+      "clear$oneof_capitalized_name$();\n",
+      "oneof_capitalized_name", UnderscoresToCapitalizedCamelCase(
+          descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)));
+  }
+
   // Clear unknown fields.
   if (params_.store_unknown_fields()) {
     printer->Print("unknownFieldData = null;\n");
   }
+  printer->Print("cachedSize = -1;\n");
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateClone(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+    "@Override\n"
+    "public $classname$ clone() {\n",
+    "classname", descriptor_->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "$classname$ cloned;\n"
+    "try {\n"
+    "  cloned = ($classname$) super.clone();\n"
+    "} catch (java.lang.CloneNotSupportedException e) {\n"
+    "  throw new java.lang.AssertionError(e);\n"
+    "}\n",
+    "classname", descriptor_->name());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i)).GenerateFixClonedCode(printer);
+  }
 
   printer->Outdent();
   printer->Print(
-    "  cachedSize = -1;\n"
-    "  return this;\n"
-    "}\n");
+    "  return cloned;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "\n");
 }
 
 void MessageGenerator::GenerateEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
@@ -501,6 +606,16 @@ void MessageGenerator::GenerateEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
     "$classname$ other = ($classname$) o;\n",
     "classname", descriptor_->name());
 
+  // Checking oneof case before checking each oneof field.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof_desc = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i);
+    printer->Print(
+      "if (this.$oneof_name$Case_ != other.$oneof_name$Case_) {\n"
+      "  return false;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "oneof_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(oneof_desc));
+  }
+
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
     const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
     field_generators_.get(field).GenerateEqualsCode(printer);
@@ -508,7 +623,11 @@ void MessageGenerator::GenerateEquals(io::Printer* printer) {
 
   if (params_.store_unknown_fields()) {
     printer->Print(
-      "return unknownFieldDataEquals(other);\n");
+      "if (unknownFieldData == null || unknownFieldData.isEmpty()) {\n"
+      "  return other.unknownFieldData == null || other.unknownFieldData.isEmpty();\n"
+      "} else {\n"
+      "  return unknownFieldData.equals(other.unknownFieldData);\n"
+      "}");
   } else {
     printer->Print(
       "return true;\n");
@@ -538,7 +657,9 @@ void MessageGenerator::GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer) {
 
   if (params_.store_unknown_fields()) {
     printer->Print(
-      "result = 31 * result + unknownFieldDataHashCode();\n");
+      "result = 31 * result + \n"
+      "  (unknownFieldData == null || unknownFieldData.isEmpty() ? 0 : \n"
+      "  unknownFieldData.hashCode());\n");
   }
 
   printer->Print("return result;\n");
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message.h
index 6f25a3a0..281ec64f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message.h
@@ -77,8 +77,10 @@ class MessageGenerator {
                                  const FieldDescriptor* field);
 
   void GenerateClear(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateFieldInitializers(io::Printer* printer);
   void GenerateEquals(io::Printer* printer);
   void GenerateHashCode(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateClone(io::Printer* printer);
 
   const Params& params_;
   const Descriptor* descriptor_;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message_field.cc
index a46081d0..d1d04b52 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message_field.cc
@@ -127,6 +127,14 @@ GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
 }
 
 void MessageFieldGenerator::
+GenerateFixClonedCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (this.$name$ != null) {\n"
+    "  cloned.$name$ = this.$name$.clone();\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::
 GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
     "if (this.$name$ == null) { \n"
@@ -146,12 +154,95 @@ GenerateHashCodeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
     "result = 31 * result +\n"
     "    (this.$name$ == null ? 0 : this.$name$.hashCode());\n");
 }
+// ===================================================================
+
+MessageOneofFieldGenerator::MessageOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Params& params)
+    : FieldGenerator(params), descriptor_(descriptor) {
+    SetMessageVariables(params, descriptor, &variables_);
+    SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+MessageOneofFieldGenerator::~MessageOneofFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::
+GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer, bool /* unused lazy_init */) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return $has_oneof_case$;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case$) {\n"
+    "    return ($type$) this.$oneof_name$_;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return null;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public $message_name$ set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  if (value == null) { throw new java.lang.NullPointerException(); }\n"
+    "  $set_oneof_case$;\n"
+    "  this.$oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::
+GenerateClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // No clear method for oneof fields.
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::
+GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (!($has_oneof_case$)) {\n"
+    "  this.$oneof_name$_ = new $type$();\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "input.readMessage(\n"
+    "    (com.google.protobuf.nano.MessageNano) this.$oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "$set_oneof_case$;\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::
+GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case$) {\n"
+    "  output.writeMessage($number$,\n"
+    "      (com.google.protobuf.nano.MessageNano) this.$oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::
+GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case$) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.nano.CodedOutputByteBufferNano\n"
+    "    .computeMessageSize($number$,\n"
+    "        (com.google.protobuf.nano.MessageNano) this.$oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::
+GenerateFixClonedCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (this.$oneof_name$ != null) {\n"
+    "  cloned.$oneof_name$ = this.$oneof_name$.clone();\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::
+GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  GenerateOneofFieldEquals(descriptor_, variables_, printer);
+}
+
+void MessageOneofFieldGenerator::
+GenerateHashCodeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  GenerateOneofFieldHashCode(descriptor_, variables_, printer);
+}
 
 // ===================================================================
 
-RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::
-RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Params& params)
-  : FieldGenerator(params), descriptor_(descriptor) {
+RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Params& params)
+    : FieldGenerator(params), descriptor_(descriptor) {
   SetMessageVariables(params, descriptor, &variables_);
 }
 
@@ -238,6 +329,19 @@ GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
 }
 
 void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::
+GenerateFixClonedCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (this.$name$ != null && this.$name$.length > 0) {\n"
+    "  cloned.$name$ = new $type$[this.$name$.length];\n"
+    "  for (int i = 0; i < this.$name$.length; i++) {\n"
+    "    if (this.$name$[i] != null) {\n"
+    "      cloned.$name$[i] = this.$name$[i].clone();\n"
+    "    }\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::
 GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
     "if (!com.google.protobuf.nano.InternalNano.equals(\n"
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message_field.h
index 5d35fd24..e074735c 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_message_field.h
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ class MessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateHashCodeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFixClonedCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
 
  private:
   const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
@@ -66,6 +67,29 @@ class MessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageFieldGenerator);
 };
 
+class MessageOneofFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit MessageOneofFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                      const Params& params);
+  ~MessageOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer, bool lazy_init) const;
+  void GenerateClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCodeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFixClonedCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
 class RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
  public:
   explicit RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
@@ -80,6 +104,7 @@ class RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateHashCodeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFixClonedCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
 
  private:
   const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_params.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_params.h
index 4691f360..e3b4bb93 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_params.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_params.h
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ class Params {
   bool parcelable_messages_;
   bool reftypes_primitive_enums_;
   bool generate_clear_;
+  bool generate_clone_;
+  bool generate_intdefs_;
 
  public:
   Params(const string & base_name) :
@@ -81,7 +83,9 @@ class Params {
     ignore_services_(false),
     parcelable_messages_(false),
     reftypes_primitive_enums_(false),
-    generate_clear_(true) {
+    generate_clear_(true),
+    generate_clone_(false),
+    generate_intdefs_(false) {
   }
 
   const string& base_name() const {
@@ -231,6 +235,20 @@ class Params {
   bool generate_clear() const {
     return generate_clear_;
   }
+
+  void set_generate_clone(bool value) {
+    generate_clone_ = value;
+  }
+  bool generate_clone() const {
+    return generate_clone_;
+  }
+
+  void set_generate_intdefs(bool value) {
+    generate_intdefs_ = value;
+  }
+  bool generate_intdefs() const {
+    return generate_intdefs_;
+  }
 };
 
 }  // namespace javanano
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_primitive_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_primitive_field.cc
index a3bc3a84..978abf2c 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_primitive_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_primitive_field.cc
@@ -155,28 +155,6 @@ int FixedSize(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
   return -1;
 }
 
-// Return true if the type is a that has variable length
-// for instance String's.
-bool IsVariableLenType(JavaType type) {
-  switch (type) {
-    case JAVATYPE_INT    : return false;
-    case JAVATYPE_LONG   : return false;
-    case JAVATYPE_FLOAT  : return false;
-    case JAVATYPE_DOUBLE : return false;
-    case JAVATYPE_BOOLEAN: return false;
-    case JAVATYPE_STRING : return true;
-    case JAVATYPE_BYTES  : return true;
-    case JAVATYPE_ENUM   : return false;
-    case JAVATYPE_MESSAGE: return true;
-
-    // No default because we want the compiler to complain if any new
-    // JavaTypes are added.
-  }
-
-  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
-  return false;
-}
-
 bool AllAscii(const string& text) {
   for (int i = 0; i < text.size(); i++) {
     if ((text[i] & 0x80) != 0) {
@@ -186,6 +164,7 @@ bool AllAscii(const string& text) {
   return true;
 }
 
+
 void SetPrimitiveVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Params params,
                            map<string, string>* variables) {
   (*variables)["name"] =
@@ -385,6 +364,14 @@ GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   }
 }
 
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::
+GenerateFixClonedCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if (this.$name$ != null && this.$name$.length > 0) {\n"
+    "  cloned.$name$ = this.$name$.clone();\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
 void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::
 GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   // We define equality as serialized form equality. If generate_has(),
@@ -706,8 +693,79 @@ GenerateHashCodeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
 // ===================================================================
 
-RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::
-RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Params& params)
+PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Params& params)
+  : FieldGenerator(params), descriptor_(descriptor) {
+    SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, params, &variables_);
+    SetCommonOneofVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMembers(
+    io::Printer* printer, bool /*unused lazy_init*/) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "public boolean has$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  return $has_oneof_case$;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public $type$ get$capitalized_name$() {\n"
+    "  if ($has_oneof_case$) {\n"
+    "    return ($type$) ($boxed_type$) this.$oneof_name$_;\n"
+    "  }\n"
+    "  return $default$;\n"
+    "}\n"
+    "public $message_name$ set$capitalized_name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "  $set_oneof_case$;\n"
+    "  this.$oneof_name$_ = value;\n"
+    "  return this;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateClearCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // No clear method for oneof fields.
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateMergingCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "this.$oneof_name$_ = input.read$capitalized_type$();\n"
+    "$set_oneof_case$;\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializationCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case$) {\n"
+    "  output.write$capitalized_type$(\n"
+    "      $number$, ($boxed_type$) this.$oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializedSizeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "if ($has_oneof_case$) {\n"
+    "  size += com.google.protobuf.nano.CodedOutputByteBufferNano\n"
+    "      .compute$capitalized_type$Size(\n"
+    "          $number$, ($boxed_type$) this.$oneof_name$_);\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateEqualsCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  GenerateOneofFieldEquals(descriptor_, variables_, printer);
+}
+
+void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::GenerateHashCodeCode(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  GenerateOneofFieldHashCode(descriptor_, variables_, printer);
+}
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Params& params)
   : FieldGenerator(params), descriptor_(descriptor) {
   SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, params, &variables_);
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_primitive_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_primitive_field.h
index c04a19b7..a01981dd 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_primitive_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_primitive_field.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ namespace javanano {
 class PrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
  public:
   explicit PrimitiveFieldGenerator(
-      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Params &params);
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Params& params);
   ~PrimitiveFieldGenerator();
 
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
@@ -94,9 +94,32 @@ class AccessorPrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(AccessorPrimitiveFieldGenerator);
 };
 
+class PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Params& params);
+  ~PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator();
+
+  // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
+  void GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer, bool lazy_init) const;
+  void GenerateClearCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateHashCodeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator);
+};
+
 class RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
  public:
-  explicit RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, const Params& params);
+  explicit RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                           const Params& params);
   ~RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator();
 
   // implements FieldGenerator ---------------------------------------
@@ -108,6 +131,7 @@ class RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
   void GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateEqualsCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateHashCodeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateFixClonedCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
 
  private:
   void GenerateRepeatedDataSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc
index 931b8fa3..4815a726 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_generator.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.h>
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
 
@@ -68,5 +70,15 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
   cli.RegisterGenerator("--ruby_out", &rb_generator,
                         "Generate Ruby source file.");
 
+  // CSharp
+  google::protobuf::compiler::csharp::Generator csharp_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--csharp_out", &csharp_generator,
+                        "Generate C# source file.");
+
+  // Objective C
+  google::protobuf::compiler::objectivec::ObjectiveCGenerator objc_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--objc_out", &objc_generator,
+                        "Generate Objective C header and source.");
+
   return cli.Run(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc
index e7d5117e..98261431 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/mock_code_generator.cc
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ bool MockCodeGenerator::Generate(
         *error = "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Error.";
         return false;
       } else if (command == "Exit") {
-        cerr << "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Exit." << endl;
+        std::cerr << "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Exit." << std::endl;
         exit(123);
       } else if (command == "Abort") {
-        cerr << "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Abort." << endl;
+        std::cerr << "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_Abort." << std::endl;
         abort();
       } else if (command == "HasSourceCodeInfo") {
         FileDescriptorProto file_descriptor_proto;
@@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ bool MockCodeGenerator::Generate(
         bool has_source_code_info =
             file_descriptor_proto.has_source_code_info() &&
             file_descriptor_proto.source_code_info().location_size() > 0;
-        cerr << "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_HasSourceCodeInfo: "
-             << has_source_code_info << "." << endl;
+        std::cerr << "Saw message type MockCodeGenerator_HasSourceCodeInfo: "
+                  << has_source_code_info << "." << std::endl;
         abort();
       } else {
         GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown MockCodeGenerator command: " << command;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6f01c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+EnumGenerator::EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      name_(EnumName(descriptor_)) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->value_count(); i++) {
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* value = descriptor_->value(i);
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* canonical_value =
+        descriptor_->FindValueByNumber(value->number());
+
+    if (value == canonical_value) {
+      base_values_.push_back(value);
+    }
+    all_values_.push_back(value);
+  }
+}
+
+EnumGenerator::~EnumGenerator() {}
+
+void EnumGenerator::GenerateHeader(io::Printer* printer) {
+  string enum_comments;
+  SourceLocation location;
+  if (descriptor_->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+    enum_comments = BuildCommentsString(location);
+  } else {
+    enum_comments = "";
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "#pragma mark - Enum $name$\n"
+      "\n",
+      "name", name_);
+
+  printer->Print("$comments$typedef GPB_ENUM($name$) {\n",
+                 "comments", enum_comments,
+                 "name", name_);
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  if (HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // Include the unknown value.
+    printer->Print(
+      "$name$_GPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue = kGPBUnrecognizedEnumeratorValue,\n",
+      "name", name_);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < all_values_.size(); i++) {
+    SourceLocation location;
+    if (all_values_[i]->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+      string comments = BuildCommentsString(location).c_str();
+      if (comments.length() > 0) {
+        if (i > 0) {
+          printer->Print("\n");
+        }
+        printer->Print(comments.c_str());
+      }
+    }
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "$name$ = $value$,\n",
+        "name", EnumValueName(all_values_[i]),
+        "value", SimpleItoa(all_values_[i]->number()));
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "GPBEnumDescriptor *$name$_EnumDescriptor(void);\n"
+      "\n"
+      "BOOL $name$_IsValidValue(int32_t value);\n"
+      "\n",
+      "name", name_);
+}
+
+void EnumGenerator::GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "#pragma mark - Enum $name$\n"
+      "\n",
+      "name", name_);
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "GPBEnumDescriptor *$name$_EnumDescriptor(void) {\n"
+      "  static GPBEnumDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;\n"
+      "  if (!descriptor) {\n"
+      "    static GPBMessageEnumValueDescription values[] = {\n",
+      "name", name_);
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  // Note: For the TextFormat decode info, we can't use the enum value as
+  // the key because protocol buffer enums have 'allow_alias', which lets
+  // a value be used more than once. Instead, the index into the list of
+  // enum value descriptions is used. Note: start with -1 so the first one
+  // will be zero.
+  TextFormatDecodeData text_format_decode_data;
+  int enum_value_description_key = -1;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < all_values_.size(); i++) {
+    ++enum_value_description_key;
+    string short_name(EnumValueShortName(all_values_[i]));
+    printer->Print("{ .name = \"$short_name$\", .number = $name$ },\n",
+                   "short_name", short_name,
+                   "name", EnumValueName(all_values_[i]));
+    if (UnCamelCaseEnumShortName(short_name) != all_values_[i]->name()) {
+      text_format_decode_data.AddString(enum_value_description_key, short_name,
+                                        all_values_[i]->name());
+    }
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("    };\n");
+  if (text_format_decode_data.num_entries() == 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "    descriptor = [GPBEnumDescriptor allocDescriptorForName:GPBNSStringifySymbol($name$)\n"
+        "                                                   values:values\n"
+        "                                               valueCount:sizeof(values) / sizeof(GPBMessageEnumValueDescription)\n"
+        "                                             enumVerifier:$name$_IsValidValue];\n",
+        "name", name_);
+    } else {
+      printer->Print(
+        "    static const char *extraTextFormatInfo = \"$extraTextFormatInfo$\";\n"
+        "    descriptor = [GPBEnumDescriptor allocDescriptorForName:GPBNSStringifySymbol($name$)\n"
+        "                                                   values:values\n"
+        "                                               valueCount:sizeof(values) / sizeof(GPBMessageEnumValueDescription)\n"
+        "                                             enumVerifier:$name$_IsValidValue\n"
+        "                                      extraTextFormatInfo:extraTextFormatInfo];\n",
+        "name", name_,
+        "extraTextFormatInfo", CEscape(text_format_decode_data.Data()));
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+      "  }\n"
+      "  return descriptor;\n"
+      "}\n\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "BOOL $name$_IsValidValue(int32_t value__) {\n"
+      "  switch (value__) {\n",
+      "name", name_);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < base_values_.size(); i++) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "    case $name$:\n",
+        "name", EnumValueName(base_values_[i]));
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "      return YES;\n"
+      "    default:\n"
+      "      return NO;\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n\n");
+}
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0b41cf73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ENUM_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ENUM_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class EnumGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit EnumGenerator(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+  ~EnumGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  const string& name() const { return name_; }
+
+ private:
+  const EnumDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  vector<const EnumValueDescriptor*> base_values_;
+  vector<const EnumValueDescriptor*> all_values_;
+  const string name_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EnumGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ENUM_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30a13ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+namespace {
+void SetEnumVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                      map<string, string>* variables) {
+  string type = EnumName(descriptor->enum_type());
+  (*variables)["storage_type"] = type;
+  // For non repeated fields, if it was defined in a different file, the
+  // property decls need to use "enum NAME" rather than just "NAME" to support
+  // the forward declaration of the enums.
+  if (!descriptor->is_repeated() &&
+      (descriptor->file() != descriptor->enum_type()->file())) {
+    (*variables)["property_type"] = "enum " + type;
+  }
+  (*variables)["enum_verifier"] = type + "_IsValidValue";
+  (*variables)["enum_desc_func"] = type + "_EnumDescriptor";
+
+  const Descriptor* msg_descriptor = descriptor->containing_type();
+  (*variables)["owning_message_class"] = ClassName(msg_descriptor);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+EnumFieldGenerator::EnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : SingleFieldGenerator(descriptor) {
+  SetEnumVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+EnumFieldGenerator::~EnumFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldDescriptionTypeSpecific(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "  .dataTypeSpecific.enumDescFunc = $enum_desc_func$,\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateCFunctionDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "int32_t $owning_message_class$_$capitalized_name$_RawValue($owning_message_class$ *message);\n"
+      "void Set$owning_message_class$_$capitalized_name$_RawValue($owning_message_class$ *message, int32_t value);\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::GenerateCFunctionImplementations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) return;
+
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "int32_t $owning_message_class$_$capitalized_name$_RawValue($owning_message_class$ *message) {\n"
+      "  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [$owning_message_class$ descriptor];\n"
+      "  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:$field_number_name$];\n"
+      "  return GPBGetMessageInt32Field(message, field);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "void Set$owning_message_class$_$capitalized_name$_RawValue($owning_message_class$ *message, int32_t value) {\n"
+      "  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [$owning_message_class$ descriptor];\n"
+      "  GPBFieldDescriptor *field = [descriptor fieldWithNumber:$field_number_name$];\n"
+      "  GPBSetInt32IvarWithFieldInternal(message, field, value, descriptor.file.syntax);\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void EnumFieldGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(
+    set<string>* fwd_decls) const {
+  // If it is an enum defined in a different file, then we'll need a forward
+  // declaration for it.  When it is in our file, all the enums are output
+  // before the message, so it will be declared before it is needed.
+  if (descriptor_->file() != descriptor_->enum_type()->file()) {
+    // Enum name is already in "storage_type".
+    const string& name = variable("storage_type");
+    fwd_decls->insert("GPB_ENUM_FWD_DECLARE(" + name + ")");
+  }
+}
+
+RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : RepeatedFieldGenerator(descriptor) {
+  SetEnumVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+  variables_["array_storage_type"] = "GPBEnumArray";
+}
+
+RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::~RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldDescriptionTypeSpecific(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "  .dataTypeSpecific.enumDescFunc = $enum_desc_func$,\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b629eae8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ENUM_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class EnumFieldGenerator : public SingleFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+ public:
+  virtual void GenerateFieldDescriptionTypeSpecific(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GenerateCFunctionDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GenerateCFunctionImplementations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void DetermineForwardDeclarations(set<string>* fwd_decls) const;
+
+ protected:
+  explicit EnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual ~EnumFieldGenerator();
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(EnumFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator : public RepeatedFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+ public:
+  virtual void GenerateFieldDescriptionTypeSpecific(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ protected:
+  RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual ~RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator();
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ENUM_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e348393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+ExtensionGenerator::ExtensionGenerator(const string& root_class_name,
+                                       const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : method_name_(ExtensionMethodName(descriptor)),
+      root_class_and_method_name_(root_class_name + "_" + method_name_),
+      descriptor_(descriptor) {
+  if (descriptor->is_map()) {
+    // NOTE: src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc makes use of cerr for some
+    // error cases, so it seems to be ok to use as a back door for errors.
+    cerr << "error: Extension is a map<>!"
+         << " That used to be blocked by the compiler." << endl;
+    cerr.flush();
+    abort();
+  }
+}
+
+ExtensionGenerator::~ExtensionGenerator() {}
+
+void ExtensionGenerator::GenerateMembersHeader(io::Printer* printer) {
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["method_name"] = method_name_;
+  SourceLocation location;
+  if (descriptor_->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+    vars["comments"] = BuildCommentsString(location);
+  } else {
+    vars["comments"] = "";
+  }
+  printer->Print(vars,
+                 "$comments$"
+                 "+ (GPBExtensionDescriptor *)$method_name$;\n");
+}
+
+void ExtensionGenerator::GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars["root_class_and_method_name"] = root_class_and_method_name_;
+  vars["extended_type"] = ClassName(descriptor_->containing_type());
+  vars["number"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->number());
+
+  std::vector<string> options;
+  if (descriptor_->is_repeated()) options.push_back("GPBExtensionRepeated");
+  if (descriptor_->is_packed()) options.push_back("GPBExtensionPacked");
+  if (descriptor_->containing_type()->options().message_set_wire_format())
+    options.push_back("GPBExtensionSetWireFormat");
+
+  vars["options"] = BuildFlagsString(options);
+
+  ObjectiveCType objc_type = GetObjectiveCType(descriptor_);
+  string singular_type;
+  if (objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    vars["type"] = string("GPBStringifySymbol(") +
+                   ClassName(descriptor_->message_type()) + ")";
+  } else {
+    vars["type"] = "NULL";
+  }
+
+  vars["default_name"] = GPBGenericValueFieldName(descriptor_);
+  if (descriptor_->is_repeated()) {
+    vars["default"] = "nil";
+  } else {
+    vars["default"] = DefaultValue(descriptor_);
+  }
+  string type = GetCapitalizedType(descriptor_);
+  vars["extension_type"] = string("GPBDataType") + type;
+
+  if (objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM) {
+    vars["enum_desc_func_name"] =
+         EnumName(descriptor_->enum_type()) + "_EnumDescriptor";
+  } else {
+    vars["enum_desc_func_name"] = "NULL";
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(vars,
+                 "{\n"
+                 "  .singletonName = GPBStringifySymbol($root_class_and_method_name$),\n"
+                 "  .dataType = $extension_type$,\n"
+                 "  .extendedClass = GPBStringifySymbol($extended_type$),\n"
+                 "  .fieldNumber = $number$,\n"
+                 "  .defaultValue.$default_name$ = $default$,\n"
+                 "  .messageOrGroupClassName = $type$,\n"
+                 "  .options = $options$,\n"
+                 "  .enumDescriptorFunc = $enum_desc_func_name$,\n"
+                 "},\n");
+}
+
+void ExtensionGenerator::GenerateRegistrationSource(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "[registry addExtension:$root_class_and_method_name$];\n",
+      "root_class_and_method_name", root_class_and_method_name_);
+}
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e361e639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_EXTENSION_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_EXTENSION_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class FieldDescriptor;  // descriptor.h
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class ExtensionGenerator {
+ public:
+  ExtensionGenerator(const string& root_class_name,
+                     const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  ~ExtensionGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateMembersHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateRegistrationSource(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  string method_name_;
+  string root_class_and_method_name_;
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ExtensionGenerator);
+};
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf5d8cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+namespace {
+void SetCommonFieldVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             map<string, string>* variables) {
+  string camel_case_name = FieldName(descriptor);
+  string raw_field_name;
+  if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    raw_field_name = descriptor->message_type()->name();
+  } else {
+    raw_field_name = descriptor->name();
+  }
+  // The logic here has to match -[GGPBFieldDescriptor textFormatName].
+  const string un_camel_case_name(
+      UnCamelCaseFieldName(camel_case_name, descriptor));
+  const bool needs_custom_name = (raw_field_name != un_camel_case_name);
+
+  SourceLocation location;
+  if (descriptor->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+    (*variables)["comments"] = BuildCommentsString(location);
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["comments"] = "\n";
+  }
+  const string& classname = ClassName(descriptor->containing_type());
+  (*variables)["classname"] = classname;
+  (*variables)["name"] = camel_case_name;
+  const string& capitalized_name = FieldNameCapitalized(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["capitalized_name"] = capitalized_name;
+  (*variables)["raw_field_name"] = raw_field_name;
+  (*variables)["field_number_name"] =
+      classname + "_FieldNumber_" + capitalized_name;
+  (*variables)["field_number"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor->number());
+  (*variables)["has_index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor->index());
+  (*variables)["field_type"] = GetCapitalizedType(descriptor);
+  std::vector<string> field_flags;
+  if (descriptor->is_repeated()) field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldRepeated");
+  if (descriptor->is_required()) field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldRequired");
+  if (descriptor->is_optional()) field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldOptional");
+  if (descriptor->is_packed()) field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldPacked");
+
+  // ObjC custom flags.
+  if (descriptor->has_default_value())
+    field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldHasDefaultValue");
+  if (needs_custom_name) field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom");
+  if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
+    field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor");
+  }
+
+  (*variables)["fieldflags"] = BuildFlagsString(field_flags);
+
+  (*variables)["default"] = DefaultValue(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["default_name"] = GPBGenericValueFieldName(descriptor);
+
+  (*variables)["dataTypeSpecific_name"] = "className";
+  (*variables)["dataTypeSpecific_value"] = "NULL";
+
+  string field_options = descriptor->options().SerializeAsString();
+  // Must convert to a standard byte order for packing length into
+  // a cstring.
+  uint32 length = ghtonl(field_options.length());
+  if (length > 0) {
+    string bytes((const char*)&length, sizeof(length));
+    bytes.append(field_options);
+    string options_str = "\"" + CEscape(bytes) + "\"";
+    (*variables)["fieldoptions"] = "\"" + CEscape(bytes) + "\"";
+  } else {
+    (*variables)["fieldoptions"] = "";
+  }
+
+  // Clear some common things so they can be set just when needed.
+  (*variables)["storage_attribute"] = "";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  FieldGenerator* result = NULL;
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    switch (GetObjectiveCType(field)) {
+      case OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        if (field->is_map()) {
+          result = new MapFieldGenerator(field);
+        } else {
+          result = new RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(field);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM:
+        result = new RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator(field);
+        break;
+      default:
+        result = new RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(field);
+        break;
+    }
+  } else {
+    switch (GetObjectiveCType(field)) {
+      case OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE: {
+        result = new MessageFieldGenerator(field);
+        break;
+      }
+      case OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM:
+        result = new EnumFieldGenerator(field);
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (IsReferenceType(field)) {
+          result = new PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator(field);
+        } else {
+          result = new PrimitiveFieldGenerator(field);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  result->FinishInitialization();
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+FieldGenerator::FieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor) {
+  SetCommonFieldVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+FieldGenerator::~FieldGenerator() {}
+
+void FieldGenerator::GenerateFieldNumberConstant(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$field_number_name$ = $field_number$,\n");
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::GenerateCFunctionDeclarations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Nothing
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::GenerateCFunctionImplementations(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Nothing
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(
+    set<string>* fwd_decls) const {
+  // Nothing
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::GenerateFieldDescription(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "{\n"
+      "  .name = \"$name$\",\n"
+      "  .number = $field_number_name$,\n"
+      "  .hasIndex = $has_index$,\n"
+      "  .flags = $fieldflags$,\n"
+      "  .dataType = GPBDataType$field_type$,\n"
+      "  .offset = offsetof($classname$__storage_, $name$),\n"
+      "  .defaultValue.$default_name$ = $default$,\n");
+
+  // TODO(thomasvl): It might be useful to add a CPP wrapper to support
+  // compiling away the EnumDescriptors.  To do that, we'd need a #if here
+  // to control setting the descriptor vs. the validator, and above in
+  // SetCommonFieldVariables() we'd want to wrap how we add
+  // GPBFieldHasDefaultValue to the flags.
+
+  // "  .dataTypeSpecific.value* = [something],"
+  GenerateFieldDescriptionTypeSpecific(printer);
+
+  const string& field_options(variables_.find("fieldoptions")->second);
+  if (field_options.empty()) {
+    printer->Print("  .fieldOptions = NULL,\n");
+  } else {
+    // Can't use PrintRaw() here to get the #if/#else/#endif lines completely
+    // outdented because the need for indent captured on the previous
+    // printing of a \n and there is no way to get the current indent level
+    // to call the right number of Outdent()/Indents() to maintain state.
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "#if GPBOBJC_INCLUDE_FIELD_OPTIONS\n"
+        "  .fieldOptions = $fieldoptions$,\n"
+        "#else\n"
+        "  .fieldOptions = NULL,\n"
+        "#endif  // GPBOBJC_INCLUDE_FIELD_OPTIONS\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("},\n");
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::GenerateFieldDescriptionTypeSpecific(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "  .dataTypeSpecific.$dataTypeSpecific_name$ = $dataTypeSpecific_value$,\n");
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::SetOneofIndexBase(int index_base) {
+  if (descriptor_->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+    int index = descriptor_->containing_oneof()->index() + index_base;
+    // Flip the sign to mark it as a oneof.
+    variables_["has_index"] = SimpleItoa(-index);
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldGenerator::FinishInitialization(void) {
+  // If "property_type" wasn't set, make it "storage_type".
+  if ((variables_.find("property_type") == variables_.end()) &&
+      (variables_.find("storage_type") != variables_.end())) {
+    variables_["property_type"] = variable("storage_type");
+  }
+}
+
+SingleFieldGenerator::SingleFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : FieldGenerator(descriptor) {
+  // Nothing
+}
+
+SingleFieldGenerator::~SingleFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void SingleFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$storage_type$ $name$;\n");
+}
+
+void SingleFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$comments$");
+  if (WantsHasProperty()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL has$capitalized_name$;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@property(nonatomic, readwrite) $property_type$ $name$;\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void SingleFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyImplementation(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  if (WantsHasProperty()) {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "@dynamic has$capitalized_name$, $name$;\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(variables_, "@dynamic $name$;\n");
+  }
+}
+
+bool SingleFieldGenerator::WantsHasProperty(void) const {
+  if (descriptor_->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+    // If in a oneof, it uses the oneofcase instead of a has bit.
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
+    // In proto1/proto2, every field has a has_$name$() method.
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+ObjCObjFieldGenerator::ObjCObjFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : SingleFieldGenerator(descriptor) {
+  variables_["property_storage_attribute"] = "strong";
+  if (IsRetainedName(variables_["name"])) {
+    variables_["storage_attribute"] = " NS_RETURNS_NOT_RETAINED";
+  }
+}
+
+ObjCObjFieldGenerator::~ObjCObjFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void ObjCObjFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$storage_type$ *$name$;\n");
+}
+
+void ObjCObjFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+
+  // Differs from SingleFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyDeclaration() in that
+  // it uses pointers and deals with Objective C's rules around storage name
+  // conventions (init*, new*, etc.)
+
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$comments$");
+  if (WantsHasProperty()) {
+    printer->Print(
+        variables_,
+        "@property(nonatomic, readwrite) BOOL has$capitalized_name$;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@property(nonatomic, readwrite, $property_storage_attribute$, null_resettable) $property_type$ *$name$$storage_attribute$;\n");
+  if (IsInitName(variables_.find("name")->second)) {
+    // If property name starts with init we need to annotate it to get past ARC.
+    // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18723226/how-do-i-annotate-an-objective-c-property-with-an-objc-method-family/18723227#18723227
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "- ($property_type$ *)$name$ GPB_METHOD_FAMILY_NONE;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print("\n");
+}
+
+RepeatedFieldGenerator::RepeatedFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : ObjCObjFieldGenerator(descriptor) {
+  // Repeated fields don't use the has index.
+  variables_["has_index"] = "GPBNoHasBit";
+}
+
+RepeatedFieldGenerator::~RepeatedFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void RepeatedFieldGenerator::FinishInitialization(void) {
+  FieldGenerator::FinishInitialization();
+  variables_["array_comment"] =
+      "// |" + variables_["name"] + "| contains |" + variables_["storage_type"] + "|\n";
+}
+
+void RepeatedFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$array_storage_type$ *$name$;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyImplementation(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "@dynamic $name$, $name$_Count;\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+
+  // Repeated fields don't need the has* properties, but they do expose a
+  // *Count (to check without autocreation).  So for the field property we need
+  // the same logic as ObjCObjFieldGenerator::GeneratePropertyDeclaration() for
+  // dealing with needing Objective C's rules around storage name conventions
+  // (init*, new*, etc.)
+
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$comments$"
+      "$array_comment$"
+      "@property(nonatomic, readwrite, strong, null_resettable) $array_storage_type$ *$name$$storage_attribute$;\n"
+      "@property(nonatomic, readonly) NSUInteger $name$_Count;\n");
+  if (IsInitName(variables_.find("name")->second)) {
+    // If property name starts with init we need to annotate it to get past ARC.
+    // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18723226/how-do-i-annotate-an-objective-c-property-with-an-objc-method-family/18723227#18723227
+    printer->Print(variables_,
+                   "- ($array_storage_type$ *)$name$ GPB_METHOD_FAMILY_NONE;\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print("\n");
+}
+
+bool RepeatedFieldGenerator::WantsHasProperty(void) const {
+  // Consumer check the array size/existance rather than a has bit.
+  return false;
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorMap::FieldGeneratorMap(const Descriptor* descriptor)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      field_generators_(
+          new scoped_ptr<FieldGenerator>[descriptor->field_count()]),
+      extension_generators_(
+          new scoped_ptr<FieldGenerator>[descriptor->extension_count()]) {
+  // Construct all the FieldGenerators.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_[i].reset(FieldGenerator::Make(descriptor->field(i)));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension_generators_[i].reset(FieldGenerator::Make(descriptor->extension(i)));
+  }
+}
+
+FieldGeneratorMap::~FieldGeneratorMap() {}
+
+const FieldGenerator& FieldGeneratorMap::get(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(field->containing_type(), descriptor_);
+  return *field_generators_[field->index()];
+}
+
+const FieldGenerator& FieldGeneratorMap::get_extension(int index) const {
+  return *extension_generators_[index];
+}
+
+void FieldGeneratorMap::SetOneofIndexBase(int index_base) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_[i]->SetOneofIndexBase(index_base);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..130a52dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}  // namespace io
+
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  static FieldGenerator* Make(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  virtual ~FieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyImplementation(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
+
+  virtual void GenerateFieldDescription(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GenerateFieldDescriptionTypeSpecific(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GenerateFieldNumberConstant(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  virtual void GenerateCFunctionDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GenerateCFunctionImplementations(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  virtual void DetermineForwardDeclarations(set<string>* fwd_decls) const;
+
+  void SetOneofIndexBase(int index_base);
+
+  string variable(const char* key) const {
+    return variables_.find(key)->second;
+  }
+
+  bool needs_textformat_name_support() const {
+    const string& field_flags = variable("fieldflags");
+    return field_flags.find("GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom") != string::npos;
+  }
+  string generated_objc_name() const { return variable("name"); }
+  string raw_field_name() const { return variable("raw_field_name"); }
+
+ protected:
+  explicit FieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+  virtual void FinishInitialization(void);
+  virtual bool WantsHasProperty(void) const = 0;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class SingleFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  virtual ~SingleFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyImplementation(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ protected:
+  explicit SingleFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual bool WantsHasProperty(void) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(SingleFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+// Subclass with common support for when the field ends up as an ObjC Object.
+class ObjCObjFieldGenerator : public SingleFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ObjCObjFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ protected:
+  explicit ObjCObjFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ObjCObjFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedFieldGenerator : public ObjCObjFieldGenerator {
+ public:
+  virtual ~RepeatedFieldGenerator();
+
+  virtual void GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+  virtual void GeneratePropertyImplementation(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ protected:
+  explicit RepeatedFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual void FinishInitialization(void);
+  virtual bool WantsHasProperty(void) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+// Convenience class which constructs FieldGenerators for a Descriptor.
+class FieldGeneratorMap {
+ public:
+  explicit FieldGeneratorMap(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+  ~FieldGeneratorMap();
+
+  const FieldGenerator& get(const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+  const FieldGenerator& get_extension(int index) const;
+
+  void SetOneofIndexBase(int index_base);
+
+ private:
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  scoped_array<scoped_ptr<FieldGenerator> > field_generators_;
+  scoped_array<scoped_ptr<FieldGenerator> > extension_generators_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FieldGeneratorMap);
+};
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e60ae5a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// This is also found in GPBBootstrap.h, and needs to be kept in sync.  It
+// is the version check done to ensure generated code works with the current
+// runtime being used.
+const int32 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_GEN_VERSION = 30000;
+
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+FileGenerator::FileGenerator(const FileDescriptor *file)
+    : file_(file),
+      root_class_name_(FileClassName(file)),
+      is_public_dep_(false) {
+  // Validate the objc prefix.
+  ValidateObjCClassPrefix(file_);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    EnumGenerator *generator = new EnumGenerator(file_->enum_type(i));
+    enum_generators_.push_back(generator);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    MessageGenerator *generator =
+        new MessageGenerator(root_class_name_, file_->message_type(i));
+    message_generators_.push_back(generator);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    ExtensionGenerator *generator =
+        new ExtensionGenerator(root_class_name_, file_->extension(i));
+    extension_generators_.push_back(generator);
+  }
+}
+
+FileGenerator::~FileGenerator() {
+  STLDeleteContainerPointers(dependency_generators_.begin(),
+                             dependency_generators_.end());
+  STLDeleteContainerPointers(enum_generators_.begin(), enum_generators_.end());
+  STLDeleteContainerPointers(message_generators_.begin(),
+                             message_generators_.end());
+  STLDeleteContainerPointers(extension_generators_.begin(),
+                             extension_generators_.end());
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateHeader(io::Printer *printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+      "// source: $filename$\n"
+      "\n",
+      "filename", file_->name());
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "#import \"GPBProtocolBuffers.h\"\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  // Add some verification that the generated code matches the source the
+  // code is being compiled with.
+  printer->Print(
+      "#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_GEN_VERSION != $protoc_gen_objc_version$\n"
+      "#error This file was generated by a different version of protoc-gen-objc which is incompatible with your Protocol Buffer sources.\n"
+      "#endif\n"
+      "\n",
+      "protoc_gen_objc_version",
+      SimpleItoa(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OBJC_GEN_VERSION));
+
+  const vector<FileGenerator *> &dependency_generators = DependencyGenerators();
+  for (vector<FileGenerator *>::const_iterator iter =
+           dependency_generators.begin();
+       iter != dependency_generators.end(); ++iter) {
+    if ((*iter)->IsPublicDependency()) {
+      printer->Print("#import \"$header$.pbobjc.h\"\n",
+                     "header", (*iter)->Path());
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)\n"
+      "\n"
+      "CF_EXTERN_C_BEGIN\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  set<string> fwd_decls;
+  for (vector<MessageGenerator *>::iterator iter = message_generators_.begin();
+       iter != message_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->DetermineForwardDeclarations(&fwd_decls);
+  }
+  for (set<string>::const_iterator i(fwd_decls.begin());
+       i != fwd_decls.end(); ++i) {
+    printer->Print("$value$;\n", "value", *i);
+  }
+  if (fwd_decls.begin() != fwd_decls.end()) {
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  // need to write out all enums first
+  for (vector<EnumGenerator *>::iterator iter = enum_generators_.begin();
+       iter != enum_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateHeader(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (vector<MessageGenerator *>::iterator iter = message_generators_.begin();
+       iter != message_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateEnumHeader(printer);
+  }
+
+  // For extensions to chain together, the Root gets created even if there
+  // are no extensions.
+  printer->Print(
+      "#pragma mark - $root_class_name$\n"
+      "\n"
+      "@interface $root_class_name$ : GPBRootObject\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// The base class provides:\n"
+      "//   + (GPBExtensionRegistry *)extensionRegistry;\n"
+      "// which is an GPBExtensionRegistry that includes all the extensions defined by\n"
+      "// this file and all files that it depends on.\n"
+      "\n"
+      "@end\n"
+      "\n",
+      "root_class_name", root_class_name_);
+
+  if (extension_generators_.size() > 0) {
+    // The dynamic methods block is only needed if there are extensions.
+    printer->Print(
+        "@interface $root_class_name$ (DynamicMethods)\n",
+        "root_class_name", root_class_name_);
+
+    for (vector<ExtensionGenerator *>::iterator iter =
+             extension_generators_.begin();
+         iter != extension_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+      (*iter)->GenerateMembersHeader(printer);
+    }
+
+    printer->Print("@end\n\n");
+  }  // extension_generators_.size() > 0
+
+  for (vector<MessageGenerator *>::iterator iter = message_generators_.begin();
+       iter != message_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateMessageHeader(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END\n"
+      "\n"
+      "CF_EXTERN_C_END\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)\n");
+}
+
+void FileGenerator::GenerateSource(io::Printer *printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!\n"
+      "// source: $filename$\n"
+      "\n",
+      "filename", file_->name());
+
+  string header_file = Path() + ".pbobjc.h";
+  printer->Print(
+      "#import \"GPBProtocolBuffers_RuntimeSupport.h\"\n"
+      "#import \"$header_file$\"\n",
+      "header_file", header_file);
+  const vector<FileGenerator *> &dependency_generators =
+      DependencyGenerators();
+  for (vector<FileGenerator *>::const_iterator iter =
+           dependency_generators.begin();
+       iter != dependency_generators.end(); ++iter) {
+    if (!(*iter)->IsPublicDependency()) {
+      printer->Print("#import \"$header$.pbobjc.h\"\n",
+                     "header", (*iter)->Path());
+    }
+  }
+  printer->Print(
+      "// @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)\n"
+      "\n");
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "#pragma mark - $root_class_name$\n"
+      "\n"
+      "@implementation $root_class_name$\n\n",
+      "root_class_name", root_class_name_);
+
+  // Generate the extension initialization structures for the top level and
+  // any nested messages.
+  ostringstream extensions_stringstream;
+  if (file_->extension_count() + file_->message_type_count() > 0) {
+    io::OstreamOutputStream extensions_outputstream(&extensions_stringstream);
+    io::Printer extensions_printer(&extensions_outputstream, '$');
+    for (vector<ExtensionGenerator *>::iterator iter =
+             extension_generators_.begin();
+         iter != extension_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+      (*iter)->GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(&extensions_printer);
+    }
+    for (vector<MessageGenerator *>::iterator iter =
+             message_generators_.begin();
+         iter != message_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+      (*iter)->GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(&extensions_printer);
+    }
+    extensions_stringstream.flush();
+  }
+
+  // If there were any extensions or this file has any dependencies, output
+  // a registry to override to create the file specific registry.
+  const string& extensions_str = extensions_stringstream.str();
+  if (extensions_str.length() > 0 || file_->dependency_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "+ (GPBExtensionRegistry*)extensionRegistry {\n"
+        "  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry\n"
+        "  // about thread safety and initialization of registry.\n"
+        "  static GPBExtensionRegistry* registry = nil;\n"
+        "  if (!registry) {\n"
+        "    GPBDebugCheckRuntimeVersion();\n"
+        "    registry = [[GPBExtensionRegistry alloc] init];\n");
+
+    printer->Indent();
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    if (extensions_str.length() > 0) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "static GPBExtensionDescription descriptions[] = {\n");
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Print(extensions_str.c_str());
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+          "};\n"
+          "for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(descriptions) / sizeof(descriptions[0]); ++i) {\n"
+          "  GPBExtensionDescriptor *extension =\n"
+          "      [[GPBExtensionDescriptor alloc] initWithExtensionDescription:&descriptions[i]];\n"
+          "  [registry addExtension:extension];\n"
+          "  [self globallyRegisterExtension:extension];\n"
+          "  [extension release];\n"
+          "}\n");
+    }
+
+    const vector<FileGenerator *> &dependency_generators =
+        DependencyGenerators();
+    for (vector<FileGenerator *>::const_iterator iter =
+             dependency_generators.begin();
+         iter != dependency_generators.end(); ++iter) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "[registry addExtensions:[$dependency$ extensionRegistry]];\n",
+          "dependency", (*iter)->RootClassName());
+    }
+
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Outdent();
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return registry;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n");
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("@end\n\n");
+
+  // File descriptor only needed if there are messages to use it.
+  if (message_generators_.size() > 0) {
+    string syntax;
+    switch (file_->syntax()) {
+      case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_UNKNOWN:
+        syntax = "GPBFileSyntaxUnknown";
+        break;
+      case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2:
+        syntax = "GPBFileSyntaxProto2";
+        break;
+      case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3:
+        syntax = "GPBFileSyntaxProto3";
+        break;
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+        "#pragma mark - $root_class_name$_FileDescriptor\n"
+        "\n"
+        "static GPBFileDescriptor *$root_class_name$_FileDescriptor(void) {\n"
+        "  // This is called by +initialize so there is no need to worry\n"
+        "  // about thread safety of the singleton.\n"
+        "  static GPBFileDescriptor *descriptor = NULL;\n"
+        "  if (!descriptor) {\n"
+        "    GPBDebugCheckRuntimeVersion();\n"
+        "    descriptor = [[GPBFileDescriptor alloc] initWithPackage:@\"$package$\"\n"
+        "                                                     syntax:$syntax$];\n"
+        "  }\n"
+        "  return descriptor;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n",
+        "root_class_name", root_class_name_,
+        "package", file_->package(),
+        "syntax", syntax);
+  }
+
+  for (vector<EnumGenerator *>::iterator iter = enum_generators_.begin();
+       iter != enum_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateSource(printer);
+  }
+  for (vector<MessageGenerator *>::iterator iter = message_generators_.begin();
+       iter != message_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateSource(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "\n"
+    "// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)\n");
+}
+
+const string FileGenerator::Path() const { return FilePath(file_); }
+
+const vector<FileGenerator *> &FileGenerator::DependencyGenerators() {
+  if (file_->dependency_count() != dependency_generators_.size()) {
+    set<string> public_import_names;
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->public_dependency_count(); i++) {
+      public_import_names.insert(file_->public_dependency(i)->name());
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
+      FileGenerator *generator = new FileGenerator(file_->dependency(i));
+      const string& name = file_->dependency(i)->name();
+      bool public_import = (public_import_names.count(name) != 0);
+      generator->SetIsPublicDependency(public_import);
+      dependency_generators_.push_back(generator);
+    }
+  }
+  return dependency_generators_;
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1bb4f0ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_FILE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_FILE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class FileDescriptor;  // descriptor.h
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class EnumGenerator;
+class ExtensionGenerator;
+class MessageGenerator;
+
+class FileGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit FileGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file);
+  ~FileGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  const string& RootClassName() const { return root_class_name_; }
+  const string Path() const;
+
+  bool IsPublicDependency() const { return is_public_dep_; }
+
+ protected:
+  void SetIsPublicDependency(bool is_public_dep) {
+    is_public_dep_ = is_public_dep;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const FileDescriptor* file_;
+  string root_class_name_;
+
+  // Access this field through the DependencyGenerators accessor call below.
+  // Do not reference it directly.
+  vector<FileGenerator*> dependency_generators_;
+
+  vector<EnumGenerator*> enum_generators_;
+  vector<MessageGenerator*> message_generators_;
+  vector<ExtensionGenerator*> extension_generators_;
+  bool is_public_dep_;
+
+  const vector<FileGenerator*>& DependencyGenerators();
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FileGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_FILE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4449087a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_file.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+ObjectiveCGenerator::ObjectiveCGenerator() {}
+
+ObjectiveCGenerator::~ObjectiveCGenerator() {}
+
+bool ObjectiveCGenerator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                                   const string& parameter,
+                                   OutputDirectory* output_directory,
+                                   string* error) const {
+  // ObjC doesn't have any options at the moment, error if passed one.
+  vector<pair<string, string> > options;
+  ParseGeneratorParameter(parameter, &options);
+  for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
+    *error = "error:: Unknown generator option: " + options[i].first;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  FileGenerator file_generator(file);
+
+  string filepath = FilePath(file);
+
+  // Generate header.
+  {
+    scoped_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+        output_directory->Open(filepath + ".pbobjc.h"));
+    io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+    file_generator.GenerateHeader(&printer);
+  }
+
+  // Generate m file.
+  {
+    scoped_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+        output_directory->Open(filepath + ".pbobjc.m"));
+    io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+    file_generator.GenerateSource(&printer);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..24286ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Generates ObjectiveC code for a given .proto file.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_GENERATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_GENERATOR_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT ObjectiveCGenerator : public CodeGenerator {
+ public:
+  ObjectiveCGenerator();
+  ~ObjectiveCGenerator();
+
+  // implements CodeGenerator ----------------------------------------
+  bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file, const string& parameter,
+                OutputDirectory* output_directory, string* error) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ObjectiveCGenerator);
+};
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_GENERATOR_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..45d122d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1045 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+// NOTE: src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc makes use of cerr for some
+// error cases, so it seems to be ok to use as a back door for errors.
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+namespace {
+
+// islower()/isupper()/tolower()/toupper() change based on locale.
+//
+// src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h:150 has the same pattern. For the
+// Objective C plugin, test failures were seen on TravisCI because isupper('A')
+// was coming back false for some server's locale.  This approach avoids any
+// such issues.
+
+bool IsLower(const char c) {
+  return ('a' <= c && c <= 'z');
+}
+
+bool IsUpper(const char c) {
+  return ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z');
+}
+
+char ToLower(char c) {
+  if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') {
+    c += 'a' - 'A';
+  }
+  return c;
+}
+
+// toupper() changes based on locale.  We don't want this!
+char ToUpper(char c) {
+  if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') {
+    c += 'A' - 'a';
+  }
+  return c;
+}
+
+string TrimString(const string& s) {
+  string::size_type start = s.find_first_not_of(" \n\r\t");
+  if (start == string::npos) {
+    return "";
+  }
+  string::size_type end = s.find_last_not_of(" \n\r\t") + 1;
+  return s.substr(start, end - start);
+}
+
+hash_set<string> MakeWordsMap(const char* const words[], size_t num_words) {
+  hash_set<string> result;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_words; i++) {
+    result.insert(words[i]);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+const char* const kUpperSegmentsList[] = {"url", "http", "https"};
+
+hash_set<string> kUpperSegments =
+    MakeWordsMap(kUpperSegmentsList, GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(kUpperSegmentsList));
+
+// Internal helper for name handing.
+// Do not expose this outside of helpers, stick to having functions for specific
+// cases (ClassName(), FieldName()), so there is always consistent suffix rules.
+string UnderscoresToCamelCase(const string& input, bool first_capitalized) {
+  vector<string> values;
+  string current;
+
+  bool last_char_was_number = false;
+  bool last_char_was_lower = false;
+  bool last_char_was_upper = false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    char c = input[i];
+    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+      if (!last_char_was_number) {
+        values.push_back(current);
+        current = "";
+      }
+      current += c;
+      last_char_was_number = last_char_was_lower = last_char_was_upper = false;
+      last_char_was_number = true;
+    } else if (IsLower(c)) {
+      // lowercase letter can follow a lowercase or uppercase letter
+      if (!last_char_was_lower && !last_char_was_upper) {
+        values.push_back(current);
+        current = "";
+      }
+      current += c;  // already lower
+      last_char_was_number = last_char_was_lower = last_char_was_upper = false;
+      last_char_was_lower = true;
+    } else if (IsUpper(c)) {
+      if (!last_char_was_upper) {
+        values.push_back(current);
+        current = "";
+      }
+      current += ToLower(c);
+      last_char_was_number = last_char_was_lower = last_char_was_upper = false;
+      last_char_was_upper = true;
+    } else {
+      last_char_was_number = last_char_was_lower = last_char_was_upper = false;
+    }
+  }
+  values.push_back(current);
+
+  for (vector<string>::iterator i = values.begin(); i != values.end(); ++i) {
+    string value = *i;
+    bool all_upper = (kUpperSegments.count(value) > 0);
+    for (int j = 0; j < value.length(); j++) {
+      if (j == 0 || all_upper) {
+        value[j] = ToUpper(value[j]);
+      } else {
+        // Nothing, already in lower.
+      }
+    }
+    *i = value;
+  }
+  string result;
+  for (vector<string>::iterator i = values.begin(); i != values.end(); ++i) {
+    result += *i;
+  }
+  if ((result.length() != 0) && !first_capitalized) {
+    result[0] = ToLower(result[0]);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+const char* const kReservedWordList[] = {
+    // Objective C "keywords" that aren't in C
+    // From
+    // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1873630/reserved-keywords-in-objective-c
+    "id", "_cmd", "super", "in", "out", "inout", "bycopy", "byref", "oneway",
+    "self",
+
+    // C/C++ keywords (Incl C++ 0x11)
+    // From http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keywords
+    "and", "and_eq", "alignas", "alignof", "asm", "auto", "bitand", "bitor",
+    "bool", "break", "case", "catch", "char", "char16_t", "char32_t", "class",
+    "compl", "const", "constexpr", "const_cast", "continue", "decltype",
+    "default", "delete", "double", "dynamic_cast", "else", "enum", "explicit",
+    "export", "extern ", "false", "float", "for", "friend", "goto", "if",
+    "inline", "int", "long", "mutable", "namespace", "new", "noexcept", "not",
+    "not_eq", "nullptr", "operator", "or", "or_eq", "private", "protected",
+    "public", "register", "reinterpret_cast", "return", "short", "signed",
+    "sizeof", "static", "static_assert", "static_cast", "struct", "switch",
+    "template", "this", "thread_local", "throw", "true", "try", "typedef",
+    "typeid", "typename", "union", "unsigned", "using", "virtual", "void",
+    "volatile", "wchar_t", "while", "xor", "xor_eq",
+
+    // C99 keywords
+    // From
+    // http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/lnxpcomp/v8v101/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.xlcpp8l.doc%2Flanguage%2Fref%2Fkeyw.htm
+    "restrict",
+
+    // Objective-C Runtime typedefs
+    // From <obc/runtime.h>
+    "Category", "Ivar", "Method", "Protocol",
+
+    // NSObject Methods
+    // new is covered by C++ keywords.
+    "description", "debugDescription", "finalize", "hash", "dealloc", "init",
+    "class", "superclass", "retain", "release", "autorelease", "retainCount",
+    "zone", "isProxy", "copy", "mutableCopy", "classForCoder",
+
+    // GPBMessage Methods
+    // Only need to add instance methods that may conflict with
+    // method declared in protos. The main cases are methods
+    // that take no arguments, or setFoo:/hasFoo: type methods.
+    "clear", "data", "delimitedData", "descriptor", "extensionRegistry",
+    "extensionsCurrentlySet", "isInitialized", "serializedSize",
+    "sortedExtensionsInUse", "unknownFields",
+
+    // MacTypes.h names
+    "Fixed", "Fract", "Size", "LogicalAddress", "PhysicalAddress", "ByteCount",
+    "ByteOffset", "Duration", "AbsoluteTime", "OptionBits", "ItemCount",
+    "PBVersion", "ScriptCode", "LangCode", "RegionCode", "OSType",
+    "ProcessSerialNumber", "Point", "Rect", "FixedPoint", "FixedRect", "Style",
+    "StyleParameter", "StyleField", "TimeScale", "TimeBase", "TimeRecord",
+};
+
+hash_set<string> kReservedWords =
+    MakeWordsMap(kReservedWordList, GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(kReservedWordList));
+
+string SanitizeNameForObjC(const string& input, const string& extension) {
+  if (kReservedWords.count(input) > 0) {
+    return input + extension;
+  }
+  return input;
+}
+
+string NameFromFieldDescriptor(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    return field->message_type()->name();
+  } else {
+    return field->name();
+  }
+}
+
+// Escape C++ trigraphs by escaping question marks to \?
+string EscapeTrigraphs(const string& to_escape) {
+  return StringReplace(to_escape, "?", "\\?", true);
+}
+
+void PathSplit(const string& path, string* directory, string* basename) {
+  string::size_type last_slash = path.rfind('/');
+  if (last_slash == string::npos) {
+    if (directory) {
+      *directory = "";
+    }
+    if (basename) {
+      *basename = path;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (directory) {
+      *directory = path.substr(0, last_slash);
+    }
+    if (basename) {
+      *basename = path.substr(last_slash + 1);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool IsSpecialName(const string& name, const string* special_names,
+                   size_t count) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    size_t length = special_names[i].length();
+    if (name.compare(0, length, special_names[i]) == 0) {
+      if (name.length() > length) {
+        // If name is longer than the retained_name[i] that it matches
+        // the next character must be not lower case (newton vs newTon vs
+        // new_ton).
+        return !IsLower(name[length]);
+      } else {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+string StripProto(const string& filename) {
+  if (HasSuffixString(filename, ".protodevel")) {
+    return StripSuffixString(filename, ".protodevel");
+  } else {
+    return StripSuffixString(filename, ".proto");
+  }
+}
+
+bool IsRetainedName(const string& name) {
+  // List of prefixes from
+  // http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/MemoryMgmt/Articles/mmRules.html
+  static const string retained_names[] = {"new", "alloc", "copy",
+                                          "mutableCopy"};
+  return IsSpecialName(name, retained_names,
+                       sizeof(retained_names) / sizeof(retained_names[0]));
+}
+
+bool IsInitName(const string& name) {
+  static const string init_names[] = {"init"};
+  return IsSpecialName(name, init_names,
+                       sizeof(init_names) / sizeof(init_names[0]));
+}
+
+string BaseFileName(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  string basename;
+  PathSplit(file->name(), NULL, &basename);
+  return basename;
+}
+
+string FileName(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  string path = FilePath(file);
+  string basename;
+  PathSplit(path, NULL, &basename);
+  return basename;
+}
+
+string FilePath(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  string output;
+  string basename;
+  string directory;
+  PathSplit(file->name(), &directory, &basename);
+  if (directory.length() > 0) {
+    output = directory + "/";
+  }
+  basename = StripProto(basename);
+
+  // CamelCase to be more ObjC friendly.
+  basename = UnderscoresToCamelCase(basename, true);
+
+  output += basename;
+  return output;
+}
+
+string FileClassPrefix(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  // Default is empty string, no need to check has_objc_class_prefix.
+  string result = file->options().objc_class_prefix();
+  return result;
+}
+
+void ValidateObjCClassPrefix(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  string prefix = file->options().objc_class_prefix();
+  if (prefix.length() > 0) {
+    // NOTE: src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc makes use of cerr for some
+    // error cases, so it seems to be ok to use as a back door for errors.
+    if (!IsUpper(prefix[0])) {
+      cerr << endl
+           << "protoc:0: warning: Invalid 'option objc_class_prefix = \""
+           << prefix << "\";' in '" << file->name() << "';"
+           << " it should start with a capital letter."
+           << endl;
+      cerr.flush();
+    }
+    if (prefix.length() < 3) {
+      cerr << endl
+           << "protoc:0: warning: Invalid 'option objc_class_prefix = \""
+           << prefix << "\";' in '" << file->name() << "';"
+           << " Apple recommends they should be at least 3 characters long."
+           << endl;
+      cerr.flush();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+string FileClassName(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  string name = FileClassPrefix(file);
+  name += UnderscoresToCamelCase(StripProto(BaseFileName(file)), true);
+  name += "Root";
+  // There aren't really any reserved words that end in "Root", but playing
+  // it safe and checking.
+  return SanitizeNameForObjC(name, "_RootClass");
+}
+
+string ClassNameWorker(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  string name;
+  if (descriptor->containing_type() != NULL) {
+    name = ClassNameWorker(descriptor->containing_type());
+    name += "_";
+  }
+  return name + descriptor->name();
+}
+
+string ClassNameWorker(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  string name;
+  if (descriptor->containing_type() != NULL) {
+    name = ClassNameWorker(descriptor->containing_type());
+    name += "_";
+  }
+  return name + descriptor->name();
+}
+
+string ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  // 1. Message names are used as is (style calls for CamelCase, trust it).
+  // 2. Check for reserved word at the very end and then suffix things.
+  string prefix = FileClassPrefix(descriptor->file());
+  string name = ClassNameWorker(descriptor);
+  return SanitizeNameForObjC(prefix + name, "_Class");
+}
+
+string EnumName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // 1. Enum names are used as is (style calls for CamelCase, trust it).
+  // 2. Check for reserved word at the every end and then suffix things.
+  //      message Fixed {
+  //        message Size {...}
+  //        enum Mumble {...}
+  //      ...
+  //      }
+  //    yields Fixed_Class, Fixed_Size.
+  string name = FileClassPrefix(descriptor->file());
+  name += ClassNameWorker(descriptor);
+  return SanitizeNameForObjC(name, "_Enum");
+}
+
+string EnumValueName(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // Because of the Switch enum compatibility, the name on the enum has to have
+  // the suffix handing, so it slightly diverges from how nested classes work.
+  //   enum Fixed {
+  //     FOO = 1
+  //   }
+  // yields Fixed_Enum and Fixed_Enum_Foo (not Fixed_Foo).
+  const string& class_name = EnumName(descriptor->type());
+  const string& value_str = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor->name(), true);
+  const string& name = class_name + "_" + value_str;
+  // There aren't really any reserved words with an underscore and a leading
+  // capital letter, but playing it safe and checking.
+  return SanitizeNameForObjC(name, "_Value");
+}
+
+string EnumValueShortName(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // Enum value names (EnumValueName above) are the enum name turned into
+  // a class name and then the value name is CamelCased and concatenated; the
+  // whole thing then gets sanitized for reserved words.
+  // The "short name" is intended to be the final leaf, the value name; but
+  // you can't simply send that off to sanitize as that could result in it
+  // getting modified when the full name didn't.  For example enum
+  // "StorageModes" has a value "retain".  So the full name is
+  // "StorageModes_Retain", but if we sanitize "retain" it would become
+  // "RetainValue".
+  // So the right way to get the short name is to take the full enum name
+  // and then strip off the enum name (leaving the value name and anything
+  // done by sanitize).
+  const string& class_name = EnumName(descriptor->type());
+  const string& long_name_prefix = class_name + "_";
+  const string& long_name = EnumValueName(descriptor);
+  return StripPrefixString(long_name, long_name_prefix);
+}
+
+string UnCamelCaseEnumShortName(const string& name) {
+  string result;
+  for (int i = 0; i < name.size(); i++) {
+    char c = name[i];
+    if (i > 0 && c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
+      result += '_';
+    }
+    result += ToUpper(c);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+string ExtensionMethodName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  const string& name = NameFromFieldDescriptor(descriptor);
+  const string& result = UnderscoresToCamelCase(name, false);
+  return SanitizeNameForObjC(result, "_Extension");
+}
+
+string FieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  const string& name = NameFromFieldDescriptor(field);
+  string result = UnderscoresToCamelCase(name, false);
+  if (field->is_repeated() && !field->is_map()) {
+    // Add "Array" before do check for reserved worlds.
+    result += "Array";
+  } else {
+    // If it wasn't repeated, but ends in "Array", force on the _p suffix.
+    if (HasSuffixString(result, "Array")) {
+      result += "_p";
+    }
+  }
+  return SanitizeNameForObjC(result, "_p");
+}
+
+string FieldNameCapitalized(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Want the same suffix handling, so upcase the first letter of the other
+  // name.
+  string result = FieldName(field);
+  if (result.length() > 0) {
+    result[0] = ToUpper(result[0]);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+string OneofEnumName(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  const Descriptor* fieldDescriptor = descriptor->containing_type();
+  string name = ClassName(fieldDescriptor);
+  name += "_" + UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor->name(), true) + "_OneOfCase";
+  // No sanitize needed because the OS never has names that end in _OneOfCase.
+  return name;
+}
+
+string OneofName(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  string name = UnderscoresToCamelCase(descriptor->name(), false);
+  // No sanitize needed because it gets OneOfCase added and that shouldn't
+  // ever conflict.
+  return name;
+}
+
+string OneofNameCapitalized(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // Use the common handling and then up-case the first letter.
+  string result = OneofName(descriptor);
+  if (result.length() > 0) {
+    result[0] = ToUpper(result[0]);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+string UnCamelCaseFieldName(const string& name, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  string worker(name);
+  if (HasSuffixString(worker, "_p")) {
+    worker = StripSuffixString(worker, "_p");
+  }
+  if (field->is_repeated() && HasSuffixString(worker, "Array")) {
+    worker = StripSuffixString(worker, "Array");
+  }
+  if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+    if (worker.length() > 0) {
+      if (worker[0] >= 'a' && worker[0] <= 'z') {
+        worker[0] = ToUpper(worker[0]);
+      }
+    }
+    return worker;
+  } else {
+    string result;
+    for (int i = 0; i < worker.size(); i++) {
+      char c = worker[i];
+      if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
+        if (i > 0) {
+          result += '_';
+        }
+        result += ToLower(c);
+      } else {
+        result += c;
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+string GetCapitalizedType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+      return "Int32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+      return "UInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+      return "SInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return "Fixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return "SFixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+      return "Int64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+      return "UInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+      return "SInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return "Fixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return "SFixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "Float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "Double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return "Bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return "String";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return "Bytes";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return "Enum";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+      return "Group";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "Message";
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+ObjectiveCType GetObjectiveCType(FieldDescriptor::Type field_type) {
+  switch (field_type) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT32;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT64;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT64;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_FLOAT;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_DOUBLE;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM;
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE;
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32;
+}
+
+bool IsPrimitiveType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  ObjectiveCType type = GetObjectiveCType(field);
+  switch (type) {
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT32:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT64:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT64:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_FLOAT:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN:
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM:
+      return true;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool IsReferenceType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return !IsPrimitiveType(field);
+}
+
+static string HandleExtremeFloatingPoint(string val, bool add_float_suffix) {
+  if (val == "nan") {
+    return "NAN";
+  } else if (val == "inf") {
+    return "INFINITY";
+  } else if (val == "-inf") {
+    return "-INFINITY";
+  } else {
+    // float strings with ., e or E need to have f appended
+    if (add_float_suffix &&
+        (val.find(".") != string::npos || val.find("e") != string::npos ||
+         val.find("E") != string::npos)) {
+      val += "f";
+    }
+    return val;
+  }
+}
+
+string GPBGenericValueFieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Returns the field within the GPBGenericValue union to use for the given
+  // field.
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      return "valueMessage";
+  }
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return "valueInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return "valueUInt32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return "valueInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return "valueUInt64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "valueFloat";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "valueDouble";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return "valueBool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+        return "valueData";
+      } else {
+        return "valueString";
+      }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return "valueEnum";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "valueMessage";
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+string DefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  // Repeated fields don't have defaults.
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    return "nil";
+  }
+
+  // Switch on cpp_type since we need to know which default_value_* method
+  // of FieldDescriptor to call.
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      // gcc and llvm reject the decimal form of kint32min and kint64min.
+      if (field->default_value_int32() == INT_MIN) {
+        return "-0x80000000";
+      }
+      return SimpleItoa(field->default_value_int32());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return SimpleItoa(field->default_value_uint32()) + "U";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      // gcc and llvm reject the decimal form of kint32min and kint64min.
+      if (field->default_value_int64() == LLONG_MIN) {
+        return "-0x8000000000000000LL";
+      }
+      return SimpleItoa(field->default_value_int64()) + "LL";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return SimpleItoa(field->default_value_uint64()) + "ULL";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return HandleExtremeFloatingPoint(
+          SimpleDtoa(field->default_value_double()), false);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return HandleExtremeFloatingPoint(
+          SimpleFtoa(field->default_value_float()), true);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return field->default_value_bool() ? "YES" : "NO";
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+      const bool has_default_value = field->has_default_value();
+      const string& default_string = field->default_value_string();
+      if (!has_default_value || default_string.length() == 0) {
+        // If the field is defined as being the empty string,
+        // then we will just assign to nil, as the empty string is the
+        // default for both strings and data.
+        return "nil";
+      }
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+        // We want constant fields in our data structures so we can
+        // declare them as static. To achieve this we cheat and stuff
+        // a escaped c string (prefixed with a length) into the data
+        // field, and cast it to an (NSData*) so it will compile.
+        // The runtime library knows how to handle it.
+
+        // Must convert to a standard byte order for packing length into
+        // a cstring.
+        uint32 length = ghtonl(default_string.length());
+        string bytes((const char*)&length, sizeof(length));
+        bytes.append(default_string);
+        return "(NSData*)\"" + CEscape(bytes) + "\"";
+      } else {
+        return "@\"" + EscapeTrigraphs(CEscape(default_string)) + "\"";
+      }
+    }
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return EnumValueName(field->default_value_enum());
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "nil";
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+string BuildFlagsString(const vector<string>& strings) {
+  if (strings.size() == 0) {
+    return "0";
+  }
+  string string;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != strings.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i > 0) {
+      string.append(" | ");
+    }
+    string.append(strings[i]);
+  }
+  return string;
+}
+
+string BuildCommentsString(const SourceLocation& location) {
+  const string& comments = location.leading_comments.empty()
+                               ? location.trailing_comments
+                               : location.leading_comments;
+  vector<string> lines;
+  SplitStringAllowEmpty(comments, "\n", &lines);
+  while (!lines.empty() && lines.back().empty()) {
+    lines.pop_back();
+  }
+  string prefix("//");
+  string suffix("\n");
+  string final_comments;
+  for (int i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
+    // We use $ for delimiters, so replace comments with dollars with
+    // html escaped version.
+    // None of the other compilers handle this (as of this writing) but we
+    // ran into it once, so just to be safe.
+    final_comments +=
+        prefix + StringReplace(lines[i], "$", "&#36;", true) + suffix;
+  }
+  return final_comments;
+}
+
+void TextFormatDecodeData::AddString(int32 key,
+                                     const string& input_for_decode,
+                                     const string& desired_output) {
+  for (vector<DataEntry>::const_iterator i = entries_.begin();
+       i != entries_.end(); ++i) {
+    if (i->first == key) {
+      cerr << "error: duplicate key (" << key
+           << ") making TextFormat data, input: \"" << input_for_decode
+           << "\", desired: \"" << desired_output << "\"." << endl;
+      cerr.flush();
+      abort();
+    }
+  }
+
+  const string& data = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(
+      input_for_decode, desired_output);
+  entries_.push_back(DataEntry(key, data));
+}
+
+string TextFormatDecodeData::Data() const {
+  ostringstream data_stringstream;
+
+  if (num_entries() > 0) {
+    io::OstreamOutputStream data_outputstream(&data_stringstream);
+    io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&data_outputstream);
+
+    output_stream.WriteVarint32(num_entries());
+    for (vector<DataEntry>::const_iterator i = entries_.begin();
+         i != entries_.end(); ++i) {
+      output_stream.WriteVarint32(i->first);
+      output_stream.WriteString(i->second);
+    }
+  }
+
+  data_stringstream.flush();
+  return data_stringstream.str();
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Helper to build up the decode data for a string.
+class DecodeDataBuilder {
+ public:
+  DecodeDataBuilder() { Reset(); }
+
+  bool AddCharacter(const char desired, const char input);
+  void AddUnderscore() {
+    Push();
+    need_underscore_ = true;
+  }
+  string Finish() {
+    Push();
+    return decode_data_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static const uint8 kAddUnderscore = 0x80;
+
+  static const uint8 kOpAsIs        = 0x00;
+  static const uint8 kOpFirstUpper  = 0x40;
+  static const uint8 kOpFirstLower  = 0x20;
+  static const uint8 kOpAllUpper    = 0x60;
+
+  static const int kMaxSegmentLen     = 0x1f;
+
+  void AddChar(const char desired) {
+    ++segment_len_;
+    is_all_upper_ &= IsUpper(desired);
+  }
+
+  void Push() {
+    uint8 op = (op_ | segment_len_);
+    if (need_underscore_) op |= kAddUnderscore;
+    if (op != 0) {
+      decode_data_ += (char)op;
+    }
+    Reset();
+  }
+
+  bool AddFirst(const char desired, const char input) {
+    if (desired == input) {
+      op_ = kOpAsIs;
+    } else if (desired == ToUpper(input)) {
+      op_ = kOpFirstUpper;
+    } else if (desired == ToLower(input)) {
+      op_ = kOpFirstLower;
+    } else {
+      // Can't be transformed to match.
+      return false;
+    }
+    AddChar(desired);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void Reset() {
+    need_underscore_ = false;
+    op_ = 0;
+    segment_len_ = 0;
+    is_all_upper_ = true;
+  }
+
+  bool need_underscore_;
+  bool is_all_upper_;
+  uint8 op_;
+  int segment_len_;
+
+  string decode_data_;
+};
+
+bool DecodeDataBuilder::AddCharacter(const char desired, const char input) {
+  // If we've hit the max size, push to start a new segment.
+  if (segment_len_ == kMaxSegmentLen) {
+    Push();
+  }
+  if (segment_len_ == 0) {
+    return AddFirst(desired, input);
+  }
+
+  // Desired and input match...
+  if (desired == input) {
+    // If we aren't transforming it, or we're upper casing it and it is
+    // supposed to be uppercase; just add it to the segment.
+    if ((op_ != kOpAllUpper) || IsUpper(desired)) {
+      AddChar(desired);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Add the current segment, and start the next one.
+    Push();
+    return AddFirst(desired, input);
+  }
+
+  // If we need to uppercase, and everything so far has been uppercase,
+  // promote op to AllUpper.
+  if ((desired == ToUpper(input)) && is_all_upper_) {
+    op_ = kOpAllUpper;
+    AddChar(desired);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Give up, push and start a new segment.
+  Push();
+  return AddFirst(desired, input);
+}
+
+// If decode data can't be generated, a directive for the raw string
+// is used instead.
+string DirectDecodeString(const string& str) {
+  string result;
+  result += (char)'\0';  // Marker for full string.
+  result += str;
+  result += (char)'\0';  // End of string.
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// static
+string TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(const string& input_for_decode,
+                                                 const string& desired_output) {
+  if ((input_for_decode.size() == 0) || (desired_output.size() == 0)) {
+    cerr << "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input: \""
+         << input_for_decode << "\", desired: \"" << desired_output << "\"."
+         << endl;
+    cerr.flush();
+    abort();
+  }
+  if ((input_for_decode.find('\0') != string::npos) ||
+      (desired_output.find('\0') != string::npos)) {
+    cerr << "error: got a null char in a string for making TextFormat data,"
+         << " input: \"" << CEscape(input_for_decode) << "\", desired: \""
+         << CEscape(desired_output) << "\"." << endl;
+    cerr.flush();
+    abort();
+  }
+
+  DecodeDataBuilder builder;
+
+  // Walk the output building it from the input.
+  int x = 0;
+  for (int y = 0; y < desired_output.size(); y++) {
+    const char d = desired_output[y];
+    if (d == '_') {
+      builder.AddUnderscore();
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (x >= input_for_decode.size()) {
+      // Out of input, no way to encode it, just return a full decode.
+      return DirectDecodeString(desired_output);
+    }
+    if (builder.AddCharacter(d, input_for_decode[x])) {
+      ++x;  // Consumed one input
+    } else {
+      // Couldn't transform for the next character, just return a full decode.
+      return DirectDecodeString(desired_output);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (x != input_for_decode.size()) {
+    // Extra input (suffix from name sanitizing?), just return a full decode.
+    return DirectDecodeString(desired_output);
+  }
+
+  // Add the end marker.
+  return builder.Finish() + (char)'\0';
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..10d51a34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_HELPERS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_HELPERS_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+// Strips ".proto" or ".protodevel" from the end of a filename.
+string StripProto(const string& filename);
+
+// Returns true if the name requires a ns_returns_not_retained attribute applied
+// to it.
+bool IsRetainedName(const string& name);
+
+// Returns true if the name starts with "init" and will need to have special
+// handling under ARC.
+bool IsInitName(const string& name);
+
+// Gets the name of the file we're going to generate (sans the .pb.h
+// extension).  This does not include the path to that file.
+string FileName(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// Gets the path of the file we're going to generate (sans the .pb.h
+// extension).  The path will be dependent on the objectivec package
+// declared in the proto package.
+string FilePath(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// Checks the prefix for a given file and outputs any warnings/errors needed.
+void ValidateObjCClassPrefix(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// Gets the name of the root class we'll generate in the file.  This class
+// is not meant for external consumption, but instead contains helpers that
+// the rest of the the classes need
+string FileClassName(const FileDescriptor* file);
+
+// These return the fully-qualified class name corresponding to the given
+// descriptor.
+string ClassName(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+string EnumName(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Returns the fully-qualified name of the enum value corresponding to the
+// the descriptor.
+string EnumValueName(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Returns the name of the enum value corresponding to the descriptor.
+string EnumValueShortName(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Reverse what an enum does.
+string UnCamelCaseEnumShortName(const string& name);
+
+// Returns the name to use for the extension (used as the method off the file's
+// Root class).
+string ExtensionMethodName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+// Returns the transformed field name.
+string FieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+string FieldNameCapitalized(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+// Returns the transformed oneof name.
+string OneofEnumName(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor);
+string OneofName(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor);
+string OneofNameCapitalized(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor);
+
+inline bool HasFieldPresence(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  return file->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+inline bool HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(const FileDescriptor* file) {
+  return file->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3;
+}
+
+inline bool IsMapEntryMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return descriptor->options().map_entry();
+}
+
+// Reverse of the above.
+string UnCamelCaseFieldName(const string& name, const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+enum ObjectiveCType {
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT32,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT64,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT64,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_FLOAT,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_DOUBLE,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM,
+  OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE
+};
+
+string GetCapitalizedType(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+ObjectiveCType GetObjectiveCType(FieldDescriptor::Type field_type);
+
+inline ObjectiveCType GetObjectiveCType(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return GetObjectiveCType(field->type());
+}
+
+bool IsPrimitiveType(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+bool IsReferenceType(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+string GPBGenericValueFieldName(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+string DefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+string BuildFlagsString(const vector<string>& strings);
+
+string BuildCommentsString(const SourceLocation& location);
+
+// Generate decode data needed for ObjC's GPBDecodeTextFormatName() to transform
+// the input into the the expected output.
+class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT TextFormatDecodeData {
+ public:
+  TextFormatDecodeData() {}
+
+  void AddString(int32 key, const string& input_for_decode,
+                 const string& desired_output);
+  size_t num_entries() const { return entries_.size(); }
+  string Data() const;
+
+  static string DecodeDataForString(const string& input_for_decode,
+                                    const string& desired_output);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TextFormatDecodeData);
+
+  typedef std::pair<int32, string> DataEntry;
+  vector<DataEntry> entries_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_HELPERS_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc1cef55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+namespace {
+
+TEST(ObjCHelper, TextFormatDecodeData_DecodeDataForString_RawStrings) {
+  string input_for_decode("abcdefghIJ");
+  string desired_output_for_decode;
+  string expected;
+  string result;
+
+  // Different data, can't transform.
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "zbcdefghIJ";
+  expected = string("\0zbcdefghIJ\0", 12);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "abcdezghIJ";
+  expected = string("\0abcdezghIJ\0", 12);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Shortened data, can't transform.
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "abcdefghI";
+  expected = string("\0abcdefghI\0", 11);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Extra data, can't transform.
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "abcdefghIJz";
+  expected = string("\0abcdefghIJz\0", 13);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+}
+
+TEST(ObjCHelper, TextFormatDecodeData_DecodeDataForString_ByteCodes) {
+  string input_for_decode("abcdefghIJ");
+  string desired_output_for_decode;
+  string expected;
+  string result;
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "abcdefghIJ";
+  expected = string("\x0A\x0", 2);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "_AbcdefghIJ";
+  expected = string("\xCA\x0", 2);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  desired_output_for_decode = "ABCD__EfghI_j";
+  expected = string("\x64\x80\xC5\xA1\x0", 5);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+
+  // Long name so multiple decode ops are needed.
+
+  input_for_decode =
+      "longFieldNameIsLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong1000";
+  desired_output_for_decode =
+      "long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_1000";
+  expected = string("\x04\xA5\xA4\xA2\xBF\x1F\x0E\x84\x0", 9);
+  result = TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(input_for_decode,
+                                                     desired_output_for_decode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, result);
+}
+
+// Death tests do not work on Windows as of yet.
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+TEST(ObjCHelperDeathTest, TextFormatDecodeData_DecodeDataForString_Failures) {
+  // Empty inputs.
+
+  EXPECT_EXIT(TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString("", ""),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString("a", ""),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString("", "a"),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+
+  // Null char in the string.
+
+  string str_with_null_char("ab\0c", 4);
+  EXPECT_EXIT(
+      TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString(str_with_null_char, "def"),
+      ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+      "error: got a null char in a string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(
+      TextFormatDecodeData::DecodeDataForString("def", str_with_null_char),
+      ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+      "error: got a null char in a string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+}
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+TEST(ObjCHelper, TextFormatDecodeData_RawStrings) {
+  TextFormatDecodeData decode_data;
+
+  // Different data, can't transform.
+  decode_data.AddString(1, "abcdefghIJ", "zbcdefghIJ");
+  decode_data.AddString(3, "abcdefghIJ", "abcdezghIJ");
+  // Shortened data, can't transform.
+  decode_data.AddString(2, "abcdefghIJ", "abcdefghI");
+  // Extra data, can't transform.
+  decode_data.AddString(4, "abcdefghIJ", "abcdefghIJz");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, decode_data.num_entries());
+
+  uint8 expected_data[] = {
+      0x4,
+      0x1, 0x0, 'z', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'I', 'J', 0x0,
+      0x3, 0x0, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'z', 'g', 'h', 'I', 'J', 0x0,
+      0x2, 0x0, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'I', 0x0,
+      0x4, 0x0, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'I', 'J', 'z', 0x0,
+  };
+  string expected((const char*)expected_data, sizeof(expected_data));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, decode_data.Data());
+}
+
+TEST(ObjCHelper, TextFormatDecodeData_ByteCodes) {
+  TextFormatDecodeData decode_data;
+
+  decode_data.AddString(1, "abcdefghIJ", "abcdefghIJ");
+  decode_data.AddString(3, "abcdefghIJ", "_AbcdefghIJ");
+  decode_data.AddString(2, "abcdefghIJ", "Abcd_EfghIJ");
+  decode_data.AddString(4, "abcdefghIJ", "ABCD__EfghI_j");
+  decode_data.AddString(1000,
+                        "longFieldNameIsLooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong1000",
+                        "long_field_name_is_looooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong_1000");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, decode_data.num_entries());
+
+  uint8 expected_data[] = {
+      0x5,
+      // All as is (00 op)
+      0x1,  0x0A, 0x0,
+      // Underscore, upper + 9 (10 op)
+      0x3,  0xCA, 0x0,
+      //  Upper + 3 (10 op), underscore, upper + 5 (10 op)
+      0x2,  0x44, 0xC6, 0x0,
+      // All Upper for 4 (11 op), underscore, underscore, upper + 5 (10 op),
+      // underscore, lower + 0 (01 op)
+      0x4,  0x64, 0x80, 0xC5, 0xA1, 0x0,
+      // 2 byte key: as is + 3 (00 op), underscore, lower + 4 (01 op),
+      //   underscore, lower + 3 (01 op), underscore, lower + 1 (01 op),
+      //   underscore, lower + 30 (01 op), as is + 30 (00 op), as is + 13 (00
+      //   op),
+      //   underscore, as is + 3 (00 op)
+      0xE8, 0x07, 0x04, 0xA5, 0xA4, 0xA2, 0xBF, 0x1F, 0x0E, 0x84, 0x0,
+  };
+  string expected((const char*)expected_data, sizeof(expected_data));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected, decode_data.Data());
+}
+
+
+// Death tests do not work on Windows as of yet.
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+TEST(ObjCHelperDeathTest, TextFormatDecodeData_Failures) {
+  TextFormatDecodeData decode_data;
+
+  // Empty inputs.
+
+  EXPECT_EXIT(decode_data.AddString(1, "", ""),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(decode_data.AddString(1, "a", ""),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(decode_data.AddString(1, "", "a"),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: got empty string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+
+  // Null char in the string.
+
+  string str_with_null_char("ab\0c", 4);
+  EXPECT_EXIT(
+      decode_data.AddString(1, str_with_null_char, "def"),
+      ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+      "error: got a null char in a string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(
+      decode_data.AddString(1, "def", str_with_null_char),
+      ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+      "error: got a null char in a string for making TextFormat data, input:");
+
+  // Duplicate keys
+
+  decode_data.AddString(1, "abcdefghIJ", "abcdefghIJ");
+  decode_data.AddString(3, "abcdefghIJ", "_AbcdefghIJ");
+  decode_data.AddString(2, "abcdefghIJ", "Abcd_EfghIJ");
+  EXPECT_EXIT(decode_data.AddString(2, "xyz", "x_yz"),
+              ::testing::KilledBySignal(SIGABRT),
+              "error: duplicate key \\(2\\) making TextFormat data, input:");
+}
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// TODO(thomasvl): Should probably add some unittests for all the special cases
+// of name mangling (class name, field name, enum names).  Rather than doing
+// this with an ObjC test in the objectivec directory, we should be able to
+// use src/google/protobuf/compiler/importer* (like other tests) to support a
+// virtual file system to feed in protos, once we have the Descriptor tree, the
+// tests could use the helper methods for generating names and validate the
+// right things are happening.
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2987f3db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+// MapFieldGenerator uses RepeatedFieldGenerator as the parent because it
+// provides a bunch of things (no has* methods, comments for contained type,
+// etc.).
+
+namespace {
+
+const char* MapEntryTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, bool isKey) {
+  ObjectiveCType type = GetObjectiveCType(descriptor);
+  switch (type) {
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32:
+      return "Int32";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT32:
+      return "UInt32";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT64:
+      return "Int64";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT64:
+      return "UInt64";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "Float";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "Double";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      return "Bool";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING:
+      return (isKey ? "String" : "Object");
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA:
+      return "Object";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM:
+      return "Enum";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "Object";
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+MapFieldGenerator::MapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : RepeatedFieldGenerator(descriptor) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* key_descriptor =
+      descriptor->message_type()->FindFieldByName("key");
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_descriptor =
+      descriptor->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  value_field_generator_.reset(FieldGenerator::Make(value_descriptor));
+
+  // Pull over some variables_ from the value.
+  variables_["field_type"] = value_field_generator_->variable("field_type");
+  variables_["default"] = value_field_generator_->variable("default");
+  variables_["default_name"] = value_field_generator_->variable("default_name");
+
+  // Build custom field flags.
+  std::vector<string> field_flags;
+  field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldMapKey" + GetCapitalizedType(key_descriptor));
+  // Pull over the current text format custom name values that was calculated.
+  if (variables_["fieldflags"].find("GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom") !=
+      string::npos) {
+    field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldTextFormatNameCustom");
+  }
+  // Pull over some info from the value's flags.
+  const string& value_field_flags =
+      value_field_generator_->variable("fieldflags");
+  if (value_field_flags.find("GPBFieldHasDefaultValue") != string::npos) {
+    field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldHasDefaultValue");
+  }
+  if (value_field_flags.find("GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor") != string::npos) {
+    field_flags.push_back("GPBFieldHasEnumDescriptor");
+  }
+  variables_["fieldflags"] = BuildFlagsString(field_flags);
+
+  ObjectiveCType value_objc_type = GetObjectiveCType(value_descriptor);
+  if ((GetObjectiveCType(key_descriptor) == OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING) &&
+      ((value_objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING) ||
+       (value_objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA) ||
+       (value_objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE))) {
+    variables_["array_storage_type"] = "NSMutableDictionary";
+  } else {
+    string base_name = MapEntryTypeName(key_descriptor, true);
+    base_name += MapEntryTypeName(value_descriptor, false);
+    base_name += "Dictionary";
+    variables_["array_storage_type"] = "GPB" + base_name;
+  }
+}
+
+MapFieldGenerator::~MapFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::FinishInitialization(void) {
+  RepeatedFieldGenerator::FinishInitialization();
+  // Use the array_comment suport in RepeatedFieldGenerator to output what the
+  // values in the map are.
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_descriptor =
+      descriptor_->message_type()->FindFieldByName("value");
+  ObjectiveCType value_objc_type = GetObjectiveCType(value_descriptor);
+  if ((value_objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE) ||
+      (value_objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA) ||
+      (value_objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING) ||
+      (value_objc_type == OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM)) {
+    variables_["array_comment"] =
+        "// |" + variables_["name"] + "| values are |" + value_field_generator_->variable("storage_type") + "|\n";
+  } else {
+    variables_["array_comment"] = "";
+  }
+}
+
+void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateFieldDescriptionTypeSpecific(
+    io::Printer* printer) const {
+  // Relay it to the value generator to provide enum validator, message
+  // class, etc.
+  value_field_generator_->GenerateFieldDescriptionTypeSpecific(printer);
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..173541f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_map_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MAP_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MAP_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class MapFieldGenerator : public RepeatedFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+ public:
+  virtual void FinishInitialization(void);
+  virtual void GenerateFieldDescriptionTypeSpecific(io::Printer* printer) const;
+
+ protected:
+  explicit MapFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual ~MapFieldGenerator();
+
+ private:
+  scoped_ptr<FieldGenerator> value_field_generator_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MAP_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..32671d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,647 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_enum.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_extension.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+struct FieldOrderingByNumber {
+  inline bool operator()(const FieldDescriptor* a,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* b) const {
+    return a->number() < b->number();
+  }
+};
+
+int OrderGroupForFieldDescriptor(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  // The first item in the object structure is our uint32[] for has bits.
+  // We then want to order things to make the instances as small as
+  // possible. So we follow the has bits with:
+  //   1. Bools (1 byte)
+  //   2. Anything always 4 bytes - float, *32, enums
+  //   3. Anything that is always a pointer (they will be 8 bytes on 64 bit
+  //      builds and 4 bytes on 32bit builds.
+  //   4. Anything always 8 bytes - double, *64
+  //
+  // Why? Using 64bit builds as an example, this means worse case, we have
+  // enough bools that we overflow 1 byte from 4 byte alignment, so 3 bytes
+  // are wasted before the 4 byte values. Then if we have an odd number of
+  // those 4 byte values, the 8 byte values will be pushed down by 32bits to
+  // keep them aligned. But the structure will end 8 byte aligned, so no
+  // waste on the end. If you did the reverse order, you could waste 4 bytes
+  // before the first 8 byte value (after the has array), then a single
+  // bool on the end would need 7 bytes of padding to make the overall
+  // structure 8 byte aligned; so 11 bytes, wasted total.
+
+  // Anything repeated is a GPB*Array/NSArray, so pointer.
+  if (descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+    return 3;
+  }
+
+  switch (descriptor->type()) {
+    // All always 8 bytes.
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      return 4;
+
+    // Pointers (string and bytes are NSString and NSData); 8 or 4 bytes
+    // depending on the build architecture.
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:
+      return 3;
+
+    // All always 4 bytes (enums are int32s).
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      return 2;
+
+    // 1 byte.
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:
+      return 1;
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return 0;
+}
+
+struct FieldOrderingByStorageSize {
+  inline bool operator()(const FieldDescriptor* a,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* b) const {
+    // Order by grouping.
+    const int order_group_a = OrderGroupForFieldDescriptor(a);
+    const int order_group_b = OrderGroupForFieldDescriptor(b);
+    if (order_group_a != order_group_b) {
+      return order_group_a < order_group_b;
+    }
+    // Within the group, order by field number (provides stable ordering).
+    return a->number() < b->number();
+  }
+};
+
+struct ExtensionRangeOrdering {
+  bool operator()(const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* a,
+                  const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* b) const {
+    return a->start < b->start;
+  }
+};
+
+// Sort the fields of the given Descriptor by number into a new[]'d array
+// and return it.
+const FieldDescriptor** SortFieldsByNumber(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  const FieldDescriptor** fields =
+      new const FieldDescriptor* [descriptor->field_count()];
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    fields[i] = descriptor->field(i);
+  }
+  sort(fields, fields + descriptor->field_count(), FieldOrderingByNumber());
+  return fields;
+}
+
+// Sort the fields of the given Descriptor by storage size into a new[]'d
+// array and return it.
+const FieldDescriptor** SortFieldsByStorageSize(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  const FieldDescriptor** fields =
+      new const FieldDescriptor* [descriptor->field_count()];
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+    fields[i] = descriptor->field(i);
+  }
+  sort(fields, fields + descriptor->field_count(),
+       FieldOrderingByStorageSize());
+  return fields;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+MessageGenerator::MessageGenerator(const string& root_classname,
+                                   const Descriptor* descriptor)
+    : root_classname_(root_classname),
+      descriptor_(descriptor),
+      field_generators_(descriptor),
+      class_name_(ClassName(descriptor_)) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension_generators_.push_back(
+        new ExtensionGenerator(class_name_, descriptor_->extension(i)));
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    OneofGenerator* generator = new OneofGenerator(descriptor_->oneof_decl(i));
+    oneof_generators_.push_back(generator);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    EnumGenerator* generator = new EnumGenerator(descriptor_->enum_type(i));
+    enum_generators_.push_back(generator);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    MessageGenerator* generator =
+        new MessageGenerator(root_classname_, descriptor_->nested_type(i));
+    nested_message_generators_.push_back(generator);
+  }
+}
+
+MessageGenerator::~MessageGenerator() {
+  STLDeleteContainerPointers(extension_generators_.begin(),
+                             extension_generators_.end());
+  STLDeleteContainerPointers(enum_generators_.begin(), enum_generators_.end());
+  STLDeleteContainerPointers(nested_message_generators_.begin(),
+                             nested_message_generators_.end());
+  STLDeleteContainerPointers(oneof_generators_.begin(),
+                             oneof_generators_.end());
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (vector<ExtensionGenerator*>::iterator iter =
+           extension_generators_.begin();
+       iter != extension_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (vector<MessageGenerator*>::iterator iter =
+           nested_message_generators_.begin();
+       iter != nested_message_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(set<string>* fwd_decls) {
+  if (!IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* fieldDescriptor = descriptor_->field(i);
+      // If it is a the field is repeated, the type will be and *Array, and we
+      // don't need any forward decl.
+      if (fieldDescriptor->is_repeated()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      field_generators_.get(fieldDescriptor)
+          .DetermineForwardDeclarations(fwd_decls);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (vector<MessageGenerator*>::iterator iter =
+           nested_message_generators_.begin();
+       iter != nested_message_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->DetermineForwardDeclarations(fwd_decls);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateEnumHeader(io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (vector<EnumGenerator*>::iterator iter = enum_generators_.begin();
+       iter != enum_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateHeader(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (vector<MessageGenerator*>::iterator iter =
+           nested_message_generators_.begin();
+       iter != nested_message_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateEnumHeader(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateExtensionRegistrationSource(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  for (vector<ExtensionGenerator*>::iterator iter =
+           extension_generators_.begin();
+       iter != extension_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateRegistrationSource(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (vector<MessageGenerator*>::iterator iter =
+           nested_message_generators_.begin();
+       iter != nested_message_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateExtensionRegistrationSource(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateMessageHeader(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // This a a map entry message, just recurse and do nothing directly.
+  if (IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    for (vector<MessageGenerator*>::iterator iter =
+             nested_message_generators_.begin();
+         iter != nested_message_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+      (*iter)->GenerateMessageHeader(printer);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "#pragma mark - $classname$\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", class_name_);
+
+  if (descriptor_->field_count()) {
+    scoped_array<const FieldDescriptor*> sorted_fields(
+        SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_));
+
+    printer->Print("typedef GPB_ENUM($classname$_FieldNumber) {\n",
+                   "classname", class_name_);
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      field_generators_.get(sorted_fields[i])
+          .GenerateFieldNumberConstant(printer);
+    }
+
+    printer->Outdent();
+    printer->Print("};\n\n");
+  }
+
+  for (vector<OneofGenerator*>::iterator iter = oneof_generators_.begin();
+       iter != oneof_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateCaseEnum(printer);
+  }
+
+  string message_comments;
+  SourceLocation location;
+  if (descriptor_->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+    message_comments = BuildCommentsString(location);
+  } else {
+    message_comments = "";
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "$comments$@interface $classname$ : GPBMessage\n\n",
+      "classname", class_name_,
+      "comments", message_comments);
+
+  vector<char> seen_oneofs(descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(), 0);
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
+    if (field->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+      const int oneof_index = field->containing_oneof()->index();
+      if (!seen_oneofs[oneof_index]) {
+        seen_oneofs[oneof_index] = 1;
+        oneof_generators_[oneof_index]->GeneratePublicCasePropertyDeclaration(
+            printer);
+      }
+    }
+    field_generators_.get(field).GeneratePropertyDeclaration(printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Print("@end\n\n");
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+        .GenerateCFunctionDeclarations(printer);
+  }
+
+  if (!oneof_generators_.empty()) {
+    for (vector<OneofGenerator*>::iterator iter = oneof_generators_.begin();
+         iter != oneof_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+      (*iter)->GenerateClearFunctionDeclaration(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Print("\n");
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor_->extension_count() > 0) {
+    printer->Print("@interface $classname$ (DynamicMethods)\n\n",
+                   "classname", class_name_);
+    for (vector<ExtensionGenerator*>::iterator iter =
+             extension_generators_.begin();
+         iter != extension_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+      (*iter)->GenerateMembersHeader(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Print("@end\n\n");
+  }
+
+  for (vector<MessageGenerator*>::iterator iter =
+           nested_message_generators_.begin();
+       iter != nested_message_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateMessageHeader(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer) {
+  if (!IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "#pragma mark - $classname$\n"
+        "\n",
+        "classname", class_name_);
+
+    printer->Print("@implementation $classname$\n\n",
+                   "classname", class_name_);
+
+    for (vector<OneofGenerator*>::iterator iter = oneof_generators_.begin();
+         iter != oneof_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+      (*iter)->GeneratePropertyImplementation(printer);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GeneratePropertyImplementation(printer);
+    }
+
+    scoped_array<const FieldDescriptor*> sorted_fields(
+        SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_));
+    scoped_array<const FieldDescriptor*> size_order_fields(
+        SortFieldsByStorageSize(descriptor_));
+
+    vector<const Descriptor::ExtensionRange*> sorted_extensions;
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_range_count(); ++i) {
+      sorted_extensions.push_back(descriptor_->extension_range(i));
+    }
+
+    sort(sorted_extensions.begin(), sorted_extensions.end(),
+         ExtensionRangeOrdering());
+
+    // TODO(thomasvl): Finish optimizing has bit. The current behavior is as
+    // follows:
+    // 1. objectivec_field.cc's SetCommonFieldVariables() defaults the has_index
+    //    to the field's index in the list of fields.
+    // 2. RepeatedFieldGenerator::RepeatedFieldGenerator() sets has_index to
+    //    GPBNoHasBit because repeated fields & map<> fields don't use the has
+    //    bit.
+    // 3. FieldGenerator::SetOneofIndexBase() overrides has_bit with a negative
+    //    index that groups all the elements on of the oneof.
+    // So in has_storage, we need enough bits for the single fields that aren't
+    // in any oneof, and then one int32 for each oneof (to store the field
+    // number).  So we could save a little space by not using the field's index
+    // and instead make a second pass only assigning indexes for the fields
+    // that would need it.  The only savings would come when messages have over
+    // a multiple of 32 fields with some number being repeated or in oneofs to
+    // drop the count below that 32 multiple; so it hasn't seemed worth doing
+    // at the moment.
+    size_t num_has_bits = descriptor_->field_count();
+    size_t sizeof_has_storage = (num_has_bits + 31) / 32;
+    // Tell all the fields the oneof base.
+    for (vector<OneofGenerator*>::iterator iter = oneof_generators_.begin();
+         iter != oneof_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+      (*iter)->SetOneofIndexBase(sizeof_has_storage);
+    }
+    field_generators_.SetOneofIndexBase(sizeof_has_storage);
+    // Add an int32 for each oneof to store which is set.
+    sizeof_has_storage += descriptor_->oneof_decl_count();
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "\n"
+        "typedef struct $classname$__storage_ {\n"
+        "  uint32_t _has_storage_[$sizeof_has_storage$];\n",
+        "classname", class_name_,
+        "sizeof_has_storage", SimpleItoa(sizeof_has_storage));
+    printer->Indent();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      field_generators_.get(size_order_fields[i])
+          .GenerateFieldStorageDeclaration(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Outdent();
+
+    printer->Print("} $classname$__storage_;\n\n", "classname", class_name_);
+
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "// This method is threadsafe because it is initially called\n"
+        "// in +initialize for each subclass.\n"
+        "+ (GPBDescriptor *)descriptor {\n"
+        "  static GPBDescriptor *descriptor = nil;\n"
+        "  if (!descriptor) {\n");
+
+    bool has_oneofs = oneof_generators_.size();
+    if (has_oneofs) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "    static GPBMessageOneofDescription oneofs[] = {\n");
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      for (vector<OneofGenerator*>::iterator iter = oneof_generators_.begin();
+           iter != oneof_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+        (*iter)->GenerateDescription(printer);
+      }
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+          "    };\n");
+    }
+
+    TextFormatDecodeData text_format_decode_data;
+    bool has_fields = descriptor_->field_count() > 0;
+    if (has_fields) {
+      // TODO(thomasvl): The plugin's FieldGenerator::GenerateFieldDescription()
+      // wraps the fieldOptions's value of this structure in an CPP gate so
+      // they can be compiled away; but that still results in a const char* in
+      // the structure for a NULL pointer for every message field.  If the
+      // fieldOptions are moved to a separate payload like the TextFormat extra
+      // data is, then it would shrink that static data shrinking the binaries
+      // a little more.
+      // TODO(thomasvl): proto3 syntax doens't need a defaultValue in the
+      // structure because primitive types are always zero.  If we add a second
+      // structure and a different initializer, we can avoid the wasted static
+      // storage for every field in a proto3 message.
+      printer->Print(
+          "    static GPBMessageFieldDescription fields[] = {\n");
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); ++i) {
+        const FieldGenerator& field_generator =
+            field_generators_.get(sorted_fields[i]);
+        field_generator.GenerateFieldDescription(printer);
+        if (field_generator.needs_textformat_name_support()) {
+          text_format_decode_data.AddString(sorted_fields[i]->number(),
+                                            field_generator.generated_objc_name(),
+                                            field_generator.raw_field_name());
+        }
+      }
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+          "    };\n");
+    }
+
+    bool has_enums = enum_generators_.size();
+    if (has_enums) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "    static GPBMessageEnumDescription enums[] = {\n");
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      for (vector<EnumGenerator*>::iterator iter = enum_generators_.begin();
+           iter != enum_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+        printer->Print("{ .enumDescriptorFunc = $name$_EnumDescriptor },\n",
+                       "name", (*iter)->name());
+      }
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+          "    };\n");
+    }
+
+    bool has_extensions = sorted_extensions.size();
+    if (has_extensions) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "    static GPBExtensionRange ranges[] = {\n");
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      printer->Indent();
+      for (int i = 0; i < sorted_extensions.size(); i++) {
+        printer->Print("{ .start = $start$, .end = $end$ },\n",
+                       "start", SimpleItoa(sorted_extensions[i]->start),
+                       "end", SimpleItoa(sorted_extensions[i]->end));
+      }
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Outdent();
+      printer->Print(
+          "    };\n");
+    }
+
+    map<string, string> vars;
+    vars["classname"] = class_name_;
+    vars["rootclassname"] = root_classname_;
+    vars["fields"] = has_fields ? "fields" : "NULL";
+    vars["fields_count"] =
+        has_fields ? "sizeof(fields) / sizeof(GPBMessageFieldDescription)" : "0";
+    vars["oneofs"] = has_oneofs ? "oneofs" : "NULL";
+    vars["oneof_count"] =
+        has_oneofs ? "sizeof(oneofs) / sizeof(GPBMessageOneofDescription)" : "0";
+    vars["enums"] = has_enums ? "enums" : "NULL";
+    vars["enum_count"] =
+        has_enums ? "sizeof(enums) / sizeof(GPBMessageEnumDescription)" : "0";
+    vars["ranges"] = has_extensions ? "ranges" : "NULL";
+    vars["range_count"] =
+        has_extensions ? "sizeof(ranges) / sizeof(GPBExtensionRange)" : "0";
+    vars["wireformat"] =
+        descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format() ? "YES" : "NO";
+
+    if (text_format_decode_data.num_entries() == 0) {
+      printer->Print(
+          vars,
+          "    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =\n"
+          "        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[$classname$ class]\n"
+          "                                     rootClass:[$rootclassname$ class]\n"
+          "                                          file:$rootclassname$_FileDescriptor()\n"
+          "                                        fields:$fields$\n"
+          "                                    fieldCount:$fields_count$\n"
+          "                                        oneofs:$oneofs$\n"
+          "                                    oneofCount:$oneof_count$\n"
+          "                                         enums:$enums$\n"
+          "                                     enumCount:$enum_count$\n"
+          "                                        ranges:$ranges$\n"
+          "                                    rangeCount:$range_count$\n"
+          "                                   storageSize:sizeof($classname$__storage_)\n"
+          "                                    wireFormat:$wireformat$];\n");
+    } else {
+      vars["extraTextFormatInfo"] = CEscape(text_format_decode_data.Data());
+      printer->Print(
+          vars,
+          "#if GPBOBJC_SKIP_MESSAGE_TEXTFORMAT_EXTRAS\n"
+          "    const char *extraTextFormatInfo = NULL;\n"
+          "#else\n"
+          "    static const char *extraTextFormatInfo = \"$extraTextFormatInfo$\";\n"
+          "#endif  // GPBOBJC_SKIP_MESSAGE_TEXTFORMAT_EXTRAS\n"
+          "    GPBDescriptor *localDescriptor =\n"
+          "        [GPBDescriptor allocDescriptorForClass:[$classname$ class]\n"
+          "                                     rootClass:[$rootclassname$ class]\n"
+          "                                          file:$rootclassname$_FileDescriptor()\n"
+          "                                        fields:$fields$\n"
+          "                                    fieldCount:$fields_count$\n"
+          "                                        oneofs:$oneofs$\n"
+          "                                    oneofCount:$oneof_count$\n"
+          "                                         enums:$enums$\n"
+          "                                     enumCount:$enum_count$\n"
+          "                                        ranges:$ranges$\n"
+          "                                    rangeCount:$range_count$\n"
+          "                                   storageSize:sizeof($classname$__storage_)\n"
+          "                                    wireFormat:$wireformat$\n"
+          "                           extraTextFormatInfo:extraTextFormatInfo];\n");
+      }
+      printer->Print(
+          "    NSAssert(descriptor == nil, @\"Startup recursed!\");\n"
+          "    descriptor = localDescriptor;\n"
+          "  }\n"
+          "  return descriptor;\n"
+          "}\n\n"
+          "@end\n\n");
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
+          .GenerateCFunctionImplementations(printer);
+    }
+
+    for (vector<OneofGenerator*>::iterator iter = oneof_generators_.begin();
+         iter != oneof_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+      (*iter)->GenerateClearFunctionImplementation(printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (vector<EnumGenerator*>::iterator iter = enum_generators_.begin();
+       iter != enum_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateSource(printer);
+  }
+
+  for (vector<MessageGenerator*>::iterator iter =
+           nested_message_generators_.begin();
+       iter != nested_message_generators_.end(); ++iter) {
+    (*iter)->GenerateSource(printer);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06b536ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}  // namespace io
+
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class ExtensionGenerator;
+class EnumGenerator;
+
+class MessageGenerator {
+ public:
+  MessageGenerator(const string& root_classname, const Descriptor* descriptor);
+  ~MessageGenerator();
+
+  void GenerateStaticVariablesInitialization(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateEnumHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateMessageHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateExtensionRegistrationSource(io::Printer* printer);
+  void DetermineForwardDeclarations(set<string>* fwd_decls);
+
+ private:
+  void GenerateParseFromMethodsHeader(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  void GenerateSerializeOneFieldSource(io::Printer* printer,
+                                       const FieldDescriptor* field);
+  void GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRangeSource(
+      io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range);
+
+  void GenerateMessageDescriptionSource(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDescriptionOneFieldSource(io::Printer* printer,
+                                         const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  const string root_classname_;
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  FieldGeneratorMap field_generators_;
+  const string class_name_;
+  vector<ExtensionGenerator*> extension_generators_;
+  vector<EnumGenerator*> enum_generators_;
+  vector<MessageGenerator*> nested_message_generators_;
+  vector<OneofGenerator*> oneof_generators_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageGenerator);
+};
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f2ce4e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+namespace {
+
+void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                         map<string, string>* variables) {
+  const string& message_type = ClassName(descriptor->message_type());
+  (*variables)["type"] = message_type;
+  (*variables)["containing_class"] = ClassName(descriptor->containing_type());
+  (*variables)["storage_type"] = message_type;
+  (*variables)["group_or_message"] =
+      (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) ? "Group" : "Message";
+
+  (*variables)["dataTypeSpecific_value"] = "GPBStringifySymbol(" + message_type + ")";
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+MessageFieldGenerator::MessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : ObjCObjFieldGenerator(descriptor) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+MessageFieldGenerator::~MessageFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void MessageFieldGenerator::DetermineForwardDeclarations(
+    set<string>* fwd_decls) const {
+  // Class name is already in "storage_type".
+  fwd_decls->insert("@class " + variable("storage_type"));
+}
+
+bool MessageFieldGenerator::WantsHasProperty(void) const {
+  if (descriptor_->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+    // If in a oneof, it uses the oneofcase instead of a has bit.
+    return false;
+  }
+  // In both proto2 & proto3, message fields have a has* property to tell
+  // when it is a non default value.
+  return true;
+}
+
+RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : RepeatedFieldGenerator(descriptor) {
+  SetMessageVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+  variables_["array_storage_type"] = "NSMutableArray";
+}
+
+RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::~RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator() {}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..708ea566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_message_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class MessageFieldGenerator : public ObjCObjFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+ protected:
+  explicit MessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual ~MessageFieldGenerator();
+  virtual bool WantsHasProperty(void) const;
+
+ public:
+  virtual void DetermineForwardDeclarations(set<string>* fwd_decls) const;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator : public RepeatedFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+ protected:
+  explicit RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual ~RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator();
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_MESSAGE_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3cb87482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+OneofGenerator::OneofGenerator(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor) {
+  variables_["enum_name"] = OneofEnumName(descriptor_);
+  variables_["name"] = OneofName(descriptor_);
+  variables_["capitalized_name"] = OneofNameCapitalized(descriptor_);
+  variables_["raw_index"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor_->index());
+  const Descriptor* msg_descriptor = descriptor_->containing_type();
+  variables_["owning_message_class"] = ClassName(msg_descriptor);
+
+  string comments;
+  SourceLocation location;
+  if (descriptor_->GetSourceLocation(&location)) {
+    comments = BuildCommentsString(location);
+  } else {
+    comments = "";
+  }
+  variables_["comments"] = comments;
+}
+
+OneofGenerator::~OneofGenerator() {}
+
+void OneofGenerator::SetOneofIndexBase(int index_base) {
+  int index = descriptor_->index() + index_base;
+  // Flip the sign to mark it as a oneof.
+  variables_["index"] = SimpleItoa(-index);
+}
+
+void OneofGenerator::GenerateCaseEnum(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "typedef GPB_ENUM($enum_name$) {\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$enum_name$_GPBUnsetOneOfCase = 0,\n");
+  string enum_name = variables_["enum_name"];
+  for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->field_count(); j++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(j);
+    string field_name = FieldNameCapitalized(field);
+    printer->Print(
+        "$enum_name$_$field_name$ = $field_number$,\n",
+        "enum_name", enum_name,
+        "field_name", field_name,
+        "field_number", SimpleItoa(field->number()));
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "};\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void OneofGenerator::GeneratePublicCasePropertyDeclaration(
+    io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "$comments$"
+      "@property(nonatomic, readonly) $enum_name$ $name$OneOfCase;\n"
+      "\n");
+}
+
+void OneofGenerator::GenerateClearFunctionDeclaration(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "void $owning_message_class$_Clear$capitalized_name$OneOfCase($owning_message_class$ *message);\n");
+}
+
+void OneofGenerator::GeneratePropertyImplementation(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "@dynamic $name$OneOfCase;\n");
+}
+
+void OneofGenerator::GenerateClearFunctionImplementation(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "void $owning_message_class$_Clear$capitalized_name$OneOfCase($owning_message_class$ *message) {\n"
+      "  GPBDescriptor *descriptor = [message descriptor];\n"
+      "  GPBOneofDescriptor *oneof = descriptor->oneofs_[$raw_index$];\n"
+      "  GPBMaybeClearOneof(message, oneof, 0);\n"
+      "}\n");
+}
+
+void OneofGenerator::GenerateDescription(io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      variables_,
+      "{\n"
+      "  .name = \"$name$\",\n"
+      "  .index = $index$,\n"
+      "},\n");
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bcba82da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_oneof.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ONEOF_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ONEOF_H__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+class Printer;  // printer.h
+}
+}
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class OneofGenerator {
+ public:
+  explicit OneofGenerator(const OneofDescriptor* descriptor);
+  ~OneofGenerator();
+
+  void SetOneofIndexBase(int index_base);
+
+  void GenerateCaseEnum(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  void GeneratePublicCasePropertyDeclaration(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateClearFunctionDeclaration(io::Printer* printer);
+
+  void GeneratePropertyImplementation(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateClearFunctionImplementation(io::Printer* printer);
+  void GenerateDescription(io::Printer* printer);
+
+ private:
+  const OneofDescriptor* descriptor_;
+  map<string, string> variables_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(OneofGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_ONEOF_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c185b66d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_helpers.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+using internal::WireFormat;
+using internal::WireFormatLite;
+
+namespace {
+
+const char* PrimitiveTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  ObjectiveCType type = GetObjectiveCType(descriptor);
+  switch (type) {
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32:
+      return "int32_t";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT32:
+      return "uint32_t";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT64:
+      return "int64_t";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT64:
+      return "uint64_t";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "float";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "double";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      return "BOOL";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING:
+      return "NSString";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA:
+      return "NSData";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM:
+      return "int32_t";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+const char* PrimitiveArrayTypeName(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
+  ObjectiveCType type = GetObjectiveCType(descriptor);
+  switch (type) {
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT32:
+      return "Int32";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT32:
+      return "UInt32";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_INT64:
+      return "Int64";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_UINT64:
+      return "UInt64";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "Float";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "Double";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_BOOLEAN:
+      return "Bool";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_STRING:
+      return "";  // Want NSArray
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_DATA:
+      return "";  // Want NSArray
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_ENUM:
+      return "Enum";
+    case OBJECTIVECTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return "";  // Want NSArray
+  }
+
+  // Some compilers report reaching end of function even though all cases of
+  // the enum are handed in the switch.
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can't get here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+void SetPrimitiveVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                           map<string, string>* variables) {
+  std::string primitive_name = PrimitiveTypeName(descriptor);
+  (*variables)["type"] = primitive_name;
+  (*variables)["storage_type"] = primitive_name;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+PrimitiveFieldGenerator::PrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : SingleFieldGenerator(descriptor) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+}
+
+PrimitiveFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveFieldGenerator() {}
+
+PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator::PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : ObjCObjFieldGenerator(descriptor) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+  variables_["property_storage_attribute"] = "copy";
+}
+
+PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator() {}
+
+RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor)
+    : RepeatedFieldGenerator(descriptor) {
+  SetPrimitiveVariables(descriptor, &variables_);
+
+  string base_name = PrimitiveArrayTypeName(descriptor);
+  if (base_name.length()) {
+    variables_["array_storage_type"] = "GPB" + base_name + "Array";
+  } else {
+    variables_["array_storage_type"] = "NSMutableArray";
+  }
+}
+
+RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::~RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator() {}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::FinishInitialization(void) {
+  RepeatedFieldGenerator::FinishInitialization();
+  if (IsPrimitiveType(descriptor_)) {
+    // No comment needed for primitive types.
+    variables_["array_comment"] = "";
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9bb79343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_primitive_field.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_field.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace objectivec {
+
+class PrimitiveFieldGenerator : public SingleFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+ protected:
+  explicit PrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual ~PrimitiveFieldGenerator();
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(PrimitiveFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator : public ObjCObjFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+ protected:
+  explicit PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual ~PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator();
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(PrimitiveObjFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+class RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator : public RepeatedFieldGenerator {
+  friend FieldGenerator* FieldGenerator::Make(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+ protected:
+  explicit RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
+  virtual ~RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator();
+  virtual void FinishInitialization(void);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace objectivec
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_OBJECTIVEC_PRIMITIVE_FIELD_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.cc
index fe697acf..a2eeee2d 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.cc
@@ -277,27 +277,39 @@ bool Parser::ConsumeString(string* output, const char* error) {
   }
 }
 
-bool Parser::TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(const char* text,
-                                        const LocationRecorder* location) {
+bool Parser::TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(
+    const char* text, const LocationRecorder* location) {
   if (LookingAt(text)) {
     string leading, trailing;
-    input_->NextWithComments(&trailing, NULL, &leading);
+    vector<string> detached;
+    input_->NextWithComments(&trailing, &detached, &leading);
 
     // Save the leading comments for next time, and recall the leading comments
     // from last time.
     leading.swap(upcoming_doc_comments_);
 
     if (location != NULL) {
-      location->AttachComments(&leading, &trailing);
+      upcoming_detached_comments_.swap(detached);
+      location->AttachComments(&leading, &trailing, &detached);
+    } else if (strcmp(text, "}") == 0) {
+      // If the current location is null and we are finishing the current scope,
+      // drop pending upcoming detached comments.
+      upcoming_detached_comments_.swap(detached);
+    } else {
+      // Otherwise, append the new detached comments to the existing upcoming
+      // detached comments.
+      upcoming_detached_comments_.insert(upcoming_detached_comments_.end(),
+                                         detached.begin(), detached.end());
     }
+
     return true;
   } else {
     return false;
   }
 }
 
-bool Parser::ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(const char* text,
-                                     const LocationRecorder* location) {
+bool Parser::ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(
+    const char* text, const LocationRecorder* location) {
   if (TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(text, location)) {
     return true;
   } else {
@@ -390,7 +402,8 @@ void Parser::LocationRecorder::RecordLegacyLocation(const Message* descriptor,
 }
 
 void Parser::LocationRecorder::AttachComments(
-    string* leading, string* trailing) const {
+    string* leading, string* trailing,
+    vector<string>* detached_comments) const {
   GOOGLE_CHECK(!location_->has_leading_comments());
   GOOGLE_CHECK(!location_->has_trailing_comments());
 
@@ -400,6 +413,11 @@ void Parser::LocationRecorder::AttachComments(
   if (!trailing->empty()) {
     location_->mutable_trailing_comments()->swap(*trailing);
   }
+  for (int i = 0; i < detached_comments->size(); ++i) {
+    location_->add_leading_detached_comments()->swap(
+        (*detached_comments)[i]);
+  }
+  detached_comments->clear();
 }
 
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -451,16 +469,18 @@ bool Parser::Parse(io::Tokenizer* input, FileDescriptorProto* file) {
   SourceCodeInfo source_code_info;
   source_code_info_ = &source_code_info;
 
+  vector<string> top_doc_comments;
   if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_START)) {
     // Advance to first token.
-    input_->NextWithComments(NULL, NULL, &upcoming_doc_comments_);
+    input_->NextWithComments(NULL, &upcoming_detached_comments_,
+                             &upcoming_doc_comments_);
   }
 
   {
     LocationRecorder root_location(this);
 
     if (require_syntax_identifier_ || LookingAt("syntax")) {
-      if (!ParseSyntaxIdentifier()) {
+      if (!ParseSyntaxIdentifier(root_location)) {
         // Don't attempt to parse the file if we didn't recognize the syntax
         // identifier.
         return false;
@@ -469,9 +489,9 @@ bool Parser::Parse(io::Tokenizer* input, FileDescriptorProto* file) {
       if (file != NULL) file->set_syntax(syntax_identifier_);
     } else if (!stop_after_syntax_identifier_) {
       GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "No syntax specified for the proto file. "
-                          << "Please use 'syntax = \"proto2\";' or "
-                          << "'syntax = \"proto3\";' to specify a syntax "
-                          << "version. (Defaulted to proto2 syntax.)";
+                   << "Please use 'syntax = \"proto2\";' or "
+                   << "'syntax = \"proto3\";' to specify a syntax "
+                   << "version. (Defaulted to proto2 syntax.)";
       syntax_identifier_ = "proto2";
     }
 
@@ -486,7 +506,8 @@ bool Parser::Parse(io::Tokenizer* input, FileDescriptorProto* file) {
 
         if (LookingAt("}")) {
           AddError("Unmatched \"}\".");
-          input_->NextWithComments(NULL, NULL, &upcoming_doc_comments_);
+          input_->NextWithComments(NULL, &upcoming_detached_comments_,
+                                   &upcoming_doc_comments_);
         }
       }
     }
@@ -498,7 +519,9 @@ bool Parser::Parse(io::Tokenizer* input, FileDescriptorProto* file) {
   return !had_errors_;
 }
 
-bool Parser::ParseSyntaxIdentifier() {
+bool Parser::ParseSyntaxIdentifier(const LocationRecorder& parent) {
+  LocationRecorder syntax_location(parent,
+                                   FileDescriptorProto::kSyntaxFieldNumber);
   DO(Consume(
       "syntax",
       "File must begin with a syntax statement, e.g. 'syntax = \"proto2\";'."));
@@ -506,7 +529,7 @@ bool Parser::ParseSyntaxIdentifier() {
   io::Tokenizer::Token syntax_token = input_->current();
   string syntax;
   DO(ConsumeString(&syntax, "Expected syntax identifier."));
-  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", NULL));
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &syntax_location));
 
   syntax_identifier_ = syntax;
 
@@ -663,6 +686,8 @@ bool Parser::ParseMessageStatement(DescriptorProto* message,
     LocationRecorder location(message_location,
                               DescriptorProto::kExtensionRangeFieldNumber);
     return ParseExtensions(message, location, containing_file);
+  } else if (LookingAt("reserved")) {
+    return ParseReserved(message, message_location);
   } else if (LookingAt("extend")) {
     LocationRecorder location(message_location,
                               DescriptorProto::kExtensionFieldNumber);
@@ -710,6 +735,13 @@ bool Parser::ParseMessageField(FieldDescriptorProto* field,
     FieldDescriptorProto::Label label;
     if (ParseLabel(&label, containing_file)) {
       field->set_label(label);
+      if (label == FieldDescriptorProto::LABEL_OPTIONAL &&
+          syntax_identifier_ == "proto3") {
+        AddError(
+            "Explicit 'optional' labels are disallowed in the Proto3 syntax. "
+            "To define 'optional' fields in Proto3, simply remove the "
+            "'optional' label, as fields are 'optional' by default.");
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -1271,7 +1303,6 @@ bool Parser::ParseOption(Message* options,
     DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &location));
   }
 
-
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -1331,6 +1362,77 @@ bool Parser::ParseExtensions(DescriptorProto* message,
   return true;
 }
 
+// This is similar to extension range parsing, except that "max" is not
+// supported, and accepts field name literals.
+bool Parser::ParseReserved(DescriptorProto* message,
+                           const LocationRecorder& message_location) {
+  // Parse the declaration.
+  DO(Consume("reserved"));
+  if (LookingAtType(io::Tokenizer::TYPE_STRING)) {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kReservedNameFieldNumber);
+    return ParseReservedNames(message, location);
+  } else {
+    LocationRecorder location(message_location,
+                              DescriptorProto::kReservedRangeFieldNumber);
+    return ParseReservedNumbers(message, location);
+  }
+}
+
+
+bool Parser::ParseReservedNames(DescriptorProto* message,
+                                const LocationRecorder& parent_location) {
+  do {
+    LocationRecorder location(parent_location, message->reserved_name_size());
+    DO(ConsumeString(message->add_reserved_name(), "Expected field name."));
+  } while (TryConsume(","));
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &parent_location));
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseReservedNumbers(DescriptorProto* message,
+                                  const LocationRecorder& parent_location) {
+  bool first = true;
+  do {
+    LocationRecorder location(parent_location, message->reserved_range_size());
+
+    DescriptorProto::ReservedRange* range = message->add_reserved_range();
+    int start, end;
+    io::Tokenizer::Token start_token;
+    {
+      LocationRecorder start_location(
+          location, DescriptorProto::ReservedRange::kStartFieldNumber);
+      start_token = input_->current();
+      DO(ConsumeInteger(&start, (first ?
+                                 "Expected field name or number range." :
+                                 "Expected field number range.")));
+    }
+
+    if (TryConsume("to")) {
+      LocationRecorder end_location(
+          location, DescriptorProto::ReservedRange::kEndFieldNumber);
+      DO(ConsumeInteger(&end, "Expected integer."));
+    } else {
+      LocationRecorder end_location(
+          location, DescriptorProto::ReservedRange::kEndFieldNumber);
+      end_location.StartAt(start_token);
+      end_location.EndAt(start_token);
+      end = start;
+    }
+
+    // Users like to specify inclusive ranges, but in code we like the end
+    // number to be exclusive.
+    ++end;
+
+    range->set_start(start);
+    range->set_end(end);
+    first = false;
+  } while (TryConsume(","));
+
+  DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &parent_location));
+  return true;
+}
+
 bool Parser::ParseExtend(RepeatedPtrField<FieldDescriptorProto>* extensions,
                          RepeatedPtrField<DescriptorProto>* messages,
                          const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
@@ -1636,8 +1738,14 @@ bool Parser::ParseServiceMethod(MethodDescriptorProto* method,
   // Parse input type.
   DO(Consume("("));
   {
-    if (TryConsume("stream")) {
+    if (LookingAt("stream")) {
+      LocationRecorder location(
+          method_location, MethodDescriptorProto::kClientStreamingFieldNumber);
+      location.RecordLegacyLocation(
+          method, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OTHER);
       method->set_client_streaming(true);
+      DO(Consume("stream"));
+
     }
     LocationRecorder location(method_location,
                               MethodDescriptorProto::kInputTypeFieldNumber);
@@ -1651,8 +1759,14 @@ bool Parser::ParseServiceMethod(MethodDescriptorProto* method,
   DO(Consume("returns"));
   DO(Consume("("));
   {
-    if (TryConsume("stream")) {
+    if (LookingAt("stream")) {
+      LocationRecorder location(
+          method_location, MethodDescriptorProto::kServerStreamingFieldNumber);
+      location.RecordLegacyLocation(
+          method, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OTHER);
+      DO(Consume("stream"));
       method->set_server_streaming(true);
+
     }
     LocationRecorder location(method_location,
                               MethodDescriptorProto::kOutputTypeFieldNumber);
@@ -1664,10 +1778,9 @@ bool Parser::ParseServiceMethod(MethodDescriptorProto* method,
 
   if (LookingAt("{")) {
     // Options!
-    DO(ParseOptions(method_location,
-                    containing_file,
-                    MethodDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
-                    method->mutable_options()));
+    DO(ParseMethodOptions(method_location, containing_file,
+                          MethodDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber,
+                          method->mutable_options()));
   } else {
     DO(ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(";", &method_location));
   }
@@ -1676,10 +1789,10 @@ bool Parser::ParseServiceMethod(MethodDescriptorProto* method,
 }
 
 
-bool Parser::ParseOptions(const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
-                          const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file,
-                          const int optionsFieldNumber,
-                          Message* mutable_options) {
+bool Parser::ParseMethodOptions(const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
+                                const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file,
+                                const int optionsFieldNumber,
+                                Message* mutable_options) {
   // Options!
   ConsumeEndOfDeclaration("{", &parent_location);
   while (!TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration("}", NULL)) {
@@ -1693,8 +1806,8 @@ bool Parser::ParseOptions(const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
     } else {
       LocationRecorder location(parent_location,
                                 optionsFieldNumber);
-      if (!ParseOption(mutable_options, location, containing_file,
-                       OPTION_STATEMENT)) {
+      if (!ParseOption(mutable_options, location,
+                       containing_file, OPTION_STATEMENT)) {
         // This statement failed to parse.  Skip it, but keep looping to
         // parse other statements.
         SkipStatement();
@@ -1847,7 +1960,7 @@ bool SourceLocationTable::Find(
     DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location,
     int* line, int* column) const {
   const pair<int, int>* result =
-    FindOrNull(location_map_, make_pair(descriptor, location));
+      FindOrNull(location_map_, std::make_pair(descriptor, location));
   if (result == NULL) {
     *line   = -1;
     *column = 0;
@@ -1863,7 +1976,8 @@ void SourceLocationTable::Add(
     const Message* descriptor,
     DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::ErrorLocation location,
     int line, int column) {
-  location_map_[make_pair(descriptor, location)] = make_pair(line, column);
+  location_map_[std::make_pair(descriptor, location)] =
+      std::make_pair(line, column);
 }
 
 void SourceLocationTable::Clear() {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h
index a15cc705..16012e96 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser.h
@@ -185,10 +185,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Parser {
   //   have been passed around by const reference, for no particularly good
   //   reason.  We should probably go through and change them all to mutable
   //   pointer to make this more intuitive.
-  bool TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(const char* text,
-                                  const LocationRecorder* location);
-  bool ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(const char* text,
-                               const LocationRecorder* location);
+  bool TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(
+      const char* text, const LocationRecorder* location);
+  bool TryConsumeEndOfDeclarationFinishScope(
+      const char* text, const LocationRecorder* location);
+
+  bool ConsumeEndOfDeclaration(
+      const char* text, const LocationRecorder* location);
 
   // -----------------------------------------------------------------
   // Error logging helpers
@@ -253,9 +256,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Parser {
     //
     // TODO(kenton):  See comment on TryConsumeEndOfDeclaration(), above, for
     //   why this is const.
-    void AttachComments(string* leading, string* trailing) const;
+    void AttachComments(string* leading, string* trailing,
+                        vector<string>* detached_comments) const;
 
    private:
+    // Indexes of parent and current location in the parent
+    // SourceCodeInfo.location repeated field. For top-level elements,
+    // parent_index_ is -1.
     Parser* parser_;
     SourceCodeInfo::Location* location_;
 
@@ -268,7 +275,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Parser {
   // Parses the "syntax = \"proto2\";" line at the top of the file.  Returns
   // false if it failed to parse or if the syntax identifier was not
   // recognized.
-  bool ParseSyntaxIdentifier();
+  bool ParseSyntaxIdentifier(const LocationRecorder& parent);
 
   // These methods parse various individual bits of code.  They return
   // false if they completely fail to parse the construct.  In this case,
@@ -302,9 +309,6 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Parser {
                    RepeatedField<int32>* weak_dependency,
                    const LocationRecorder& root_location,
                    const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
-  bool ParseOption(Message* options,
-                   const LocationRecorder& options_location,
-                   const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
 
   // These methods parse the contents of a message, enum, or service type and
   // add them to the given object.  They consume the entire block including
@@ -360,6 +364,14 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Parser {
                        const LocationRecorder& extensions_location,
                        const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file);
 
+  // Parse an "reserved" declaration.
+  bool ParseReserved(DescriptorProto* message,
+                     const LocationRecorder& message_location);
+  bool ParseReservedNames(DescriptorProto* message,
+                          const LocationRecorder& parent_location);
+  bool ParseReservedNumbers(DescriptorProto* message,
+                            const LocationRecorder& parent_location);
+
   // Parse an "extend" declaration.  (See also comments for
   // ParseMessageField().)
   bool ParseExtend(RepeatedPtrField<FieldDescriptorProto>* extensions,
@@ -397,10 +409,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Parser {
 
 
   // Parse options of a single method or stream.
-  bool ParseOptions(const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
-                    const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file,
-                    const int optionsFieldNumber,
-                    Message* mutable_options);
+  bool ParseMethodOptions(const LocationRecorder& parent_location,
+                          const FileDescriptorProto* containing_file,
+                          const int optionsFieldNumber,
+                          Message* mutable_options);
 
   // Parse "required", "optional", or "repeated" and fill in "label"
   // with the value. Returns true if shuch a label is consumed.
@@ -497,6 +509,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Parser {
   // yet; use ConsumeEndOfDeclaration() to get the complete comments.
   string upcoming_doc_comments_;
 
+  // Detached comments are not connected to any syntax entities. Elements in
+  // this vector are paragraphs of comments separated by empty lines. The
+  // detached comments will be put into the leading_detached_comments field for
+  // the next element (See SourceCodeInfo.Location in descriptor.proto), when
+  // ConsumeEndOfDeclaration() is called.
+  vector<string> upcoming_detached_comments_;
+
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Parser);
 };
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser_unittest.cc
index 638a83b9..cc6f1efb 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/parser_unittest.cc
@@ -229,6 +229,32 @@ TEST_F(ParserTest, WarnIfSyntaxIdentifierOmmitted) {
 
 typedef ParserTest ParseMessageTest;
 
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, IgnoreBOM) {
+  char input[] = "   message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  required int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n";
+  // Set UTF-8 BOM.
+  input[0] = (char)0xEF;
+  input[1] = (char)0xBB;
+  input[2] = (char)0xBF;
+  ExpectParsesTo(input,
+    "message_type {"
+    "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+    "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 }"
+    "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, BOMError) {
+  char input[] = "   message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  required int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n";
+  input[0] = (char)0xEF;
+  ExpectHasErrors(input,
+                  "0:1: Proto file starts with 0xEF but not UTF-8 BOM. "
+                  "Only UTF-8 is accepted for proto file.\n"
+                  "0:0: Expected top-level statement (e.g. \"message\").\n");
+}
+
 TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, SimpleMessage) {
   ExpectParsesTo(
     "message TestMessage {\n"
@@ -401,13 +427,27 @@ TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, FieldDefaults) {
     "  field { type:TYPE_BOOL    default_value:\"true\"      " ETC " }"
     "  field { type_name:\"Foo\" default_value:\"FOO\"       " ETC " }"
 
-    "  field { type:TYPE_INT32   default_value:\"2147483647\"           " ETC " }"
-    "  field { type:TYPE_INT32   default_value:\"-2147483648\"          " ETC " }"
-    "  field { type:TYPE_UINT32  default_value:\"4294967295\"           " ETC " }"
-    "  field { type:TYPE_INT64   default_value:\"9223372036854775807\"  " ETC " }"
-    "  field { type:TYPE_INT64   default_value:\"-9223372036854775808\" " ETC " }"
-    "  field { type:TYPE_UINT64  default_value:\"18446744073709551615\" " ETC " }"
-    "  field { type:TYPE_DOUBLE  default_value:\"43981\"                " ETC " }"
+    "  field {"
+    "    type:TYPE_INT32   default_value:\"2147483647\"           " ETC
+    "  }"
+    "  field {"
+    "    type:TYPE_INT32   default_value:\"-2147483648\"          " ETC
+    "  }"
+    "  field {"
+    "    type:TYPE_UINT32  default_value:\"4294967295\"           " ETC
+    "  }"
+    "  field {"
+    "    type:TYPE_INT64   default_value:\"9223372036854775807\"  " ETC
+    "  }"
+    "  field {"
+    "    type:TYPE_INT64   default_value:\"-9223372036854775808\" " ETC
+    "  }"
+    "  field {"
+    "    type:TYPE_UINT64  default_value:\"18446744073709551615\" " ETC
+    "  }"
+    "  field {"
+    "    type:TYPE_DOUBLE  default_value:\"43981\"                " ETC
+    "  }"
     "}");
 #undef ETC
 }
@@ -606,6 +646,36 @@ TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, NestedEnum) {
     "}");
 }
 
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, ReservedRange) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+    "message TestMessage {\n"
+    "  required int32 foo = 1;\n"
+    "  reserved 2, 15, 9 to 11, 3;\n"
+    "}\n",
+
+    "message_type {"
+    "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+    "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_REQUIRED type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 }"
+    "  reserved_range { start:2   end:3         }"
+    "  reserved_range { start:15  end:16        }"
+    "  reserved_range { start:9   end:12        }"
+    "  reserved_range { start:3   end:4         }"
+    "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, ReservedNames) {
+  ExpectParsesTo(
+    "message TestMessage {\n"
+    "  reserved \"foo\", \"bar\";\n"
+    "}\n",
+
+    "message_type {"
+    "  name: \"TestMessage\""
+    "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+    "  reserved_name: \"bar\""
+    "}");
+}
+
 TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, ExtensionRange) {
   ExpectParsesTo(
     "message TestMessage {\n"
@@ -701,19 +771,17 @@ TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, MultipleExtensionsOneExtendee) {
     "            type_name:\"TestMessage\" extendee: \"Extendee1\" }");
 }
 
-TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, OptionalOptionalLabelProto3) {
+TEST_F(ParseMessageTest, OptionalLabelProto3) {
   ExpectParsesTo(
     "syntax = \"proto3\";\n"
     "message TestMessage {\n"
     "  int32 foo = 1;\n"
-    "  optional int32 bar = 2;\n"
     "}\n",
 
     "syntax: \"proto3\" "
     "message_type {"
     "  name: \"TestMessage\""
-    "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 }"
-    "  field { name:\"bar\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:2 } }");
+    "  field { name:\"foo\" label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 number:1 } }");
 }
 
 // ===================================================================
@@ -1216,6 +1284,18 @@ TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EofInAggregateValue) {
       "1:0: Unexpected end of stream while parsing aggregate value.\n");
 }
 
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ExplicitOptionalLabelProto3) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+      "syntax = 'proto3';\n"
+      "message TestMessage {\n"
+      "  optional int32 foo = 1;\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "2:11: Explicit 'optional' labels are disallowed in the Proto3 syntax. "
+      "To define 'optional' fields in Proto3, simply remove the 'optional' "
+      "label, as fields are 'optional' by default.\n");
+}
+
+
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Enum errors
 
@@ -1234,6 +1314,33 @@ TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EnumValueMissingNumber) {
 }
 
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Reserved field number errors
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ReservedMaxNotAllowed) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+    "message Foo {\n"
+    "  reserved 10 to max;\n"
+    "}\n",
+    "1:17: Expected integer.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ReservedMixNameAndNumber) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+    "message Foo {\n"
+    "  reserved 10, \"foo\";\n"
+    "}\n",
+    "1:15: Expected field number range.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, ReservedMissingQuotes) {
+  ExpectHasErrors(
+    "message Foo {\n"
+    "  reserved foo;\n"
+    "}\n",
+    "1:11: Expected field name or number range.\n");
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Service errors
 
 TEST_F(ParseErrorTest, EofInService) {
@@ -1557,7 +1664,7 @@ void SortMessages(DescriptorProto *descriptor_proto) {
   }
   DescriptorProto **data =
     descriptor_proto->mutable_nested_type()->mutable_data();
-  sort(data, data + size, CompareDescriptorNames());
+  std::sort(data, data + size, CompareDescriptorNames());
 }
 
 // Sorts DescriptorProtos belonging to a FileDescriptorProto, by name.
@@ -1569,7 +1676,7 @@ void SortMessages(FileDescriptorProto *file_descriptor_proto) {
   }
   DescriptorProto **data =
     file_descriptor_proto->mutable_message_type()->mutable_data();
-  sort(data, data + size, CompareDescriptorNames());
+  std::sort(data, data + size, CompareDescriptorNames());
 }
 
 // Strips the message and enum field type names for comparison purpose only.
@@ -1689,25 +1796,52 @@ TEST_F(ParseDescriptorDebugTest, TestCustomOptions) {
 // places.
 TEST_F(ParseDescriptorDebugTest, TestCommentsInDebugString) {
   SetupParser(
+      "// Detached comment before syntax.\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Syntax comment.\n"
+      "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Detached comment before package.\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Package comment.\n"
+      "package comment_test;\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// Detached comment before TestMessage1.\n"
+      "\n"
       "// Message comment.\n"
       "message TestMessage1 {\n"
+      "\n"
+      "  // Detached comment before foo.\n"
+      "\n"
       "  // Field comment.\n"
       "  optional int32 foo = 1;\n"
       "\n"
+      "  // Detached comment before NestedMessage.\n"
+      "\n"
       "  // Nested-message comment.\n"
       "  message NestedMessage {\n"
       "    optional int32 bar = 1;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "}\n"
       "\n"
+      "// Detached comment before MyEnumType.\n"
+      "\n"
       "// Enum comment.\n"
       "enum MyEnumType {\n"
+      "\n"
+      "  // Detached comment before ASDF.\n"
+      "\n"
       "  // Enum-value comment.\n"
       "  ASDF = 1;\n"
       "}\n"
       "\n"
+      "// Detached comment before MyService.\n"
+      "\n"
       "// Service comment.\n"
       "service MyService {\n"
+      "\n"
+      "  // Detached comment before MyRPCCall.\n"
+      "\n"
       "  // RPC comment.\n"
       "  rpc MyRPCCall(TestMessage1) returns (TestMessage1) { }\n"
       "}\n");
@@ -1731,22 +1865,34 @@ TEST_F(ParseDescriptorDebugTest, TestCommentsInDebugString) {
   const string debug_string =
       descriptor->DebugStringWithOptions(debug_string_options);
 
-  // Ensure that each of the comments appears somewhere in the DebugString(),
-  // and that these comments appear in order. We don't test the exact comment
-  // placement or formatting, because we do not want to be too fragile here.
+  // Ensure that each of the comments appears somewhere in the DebugString().
+  // We don't test the exact comment placement or formatting, because we do not
+  // want to be too fragile here.
   const char* expected_comments[] = {
+    "Detached comment before syntax.",
+    "Syntax comment.",
+    "Detached comment before package.",
+    "Package comment.",
+    "Detached comment before TestMessage1.",
     "Message comment.",
+    "Detached comment before foo.",
     "Field comment",
+    "Detached comment before NestedMessage.",
     "Nested-message comment",
+    "Detached comment before MyEnumType.",
     "Enum comment",
+    "Detached comment before ASDF.",
     "Enum-value comment",
+    "Detached comment before MyService.",
     "Service comment",
+    "Detached comment before MyRPCCall.",
     "RPC comment",
   };
 
   for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(expected_comments); ++i) {
     string::size_type found_pos = debug_string.find(expected_comments[i]);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(found_pos != string::npos);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(found_pos != string::npos)
+        << "\"" << expected_comments[i] << "\" not found.";
   }
 }
 
@@ -1916,8 +2062,8 @@ class SourceInfoTest : public ParserTest {
         return false;
       }
 
-      spans_.insert(make_pair(SpanKey(*descriptor_proto, field, index),
-                              &location));
+      spans_.insert(
+          std::make_pair(SpanKey(*descriptor_proto, field, index), &location));
     }
 
     return true;
@@ -1938,16 +2084,18 @@ class SourceInfoTest : public ParserTest {
   bool HasSpan(char start_marker, char end_marker,
                const Message& descriptor_proto) {
     return HasSpanWithComment(
-        start_marker, end_marker, descriptor_proto, NULL, -1, NULL, NULL);
+        start_marker, end_marker, descriptor_proto, NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
   }
 
   bool HasSpanWithComment(char start_marker, char end_marker,
                           const Message& descriptor_proto,
                           const char* expected_leading_comments,
-                          const char* expected_trailing_comments) {
+                          const char* expected_trailing_comments,
+                          const char* expected_leading_detached_comments) {
     return HasSpanWithComment(
         start_marker, end_marker, descriptor_proto, NULL, -1,
-        expected_leading_comments, expected_trailing_comments);
+        expected_leading_comments, expected_trailing_comments,
+        expected_leading_detached_comments);
   }
 
   bool HasSpan(char start_marker, char end_marker,
@@ -1959,14 +2107,15 @@ class SourceInfoTest : public ParserTest {
                const Message& descriptor_proto, const string& field_name,
                int index) {
     return HasSpan(start_marker, end_marker, descriptor_proto,
-                   field_name, index, NULL, NULL);
+                   field_name, index, NULL, NULL, NULL);
   }
 
   bool HasSpan(char start_marker, char end_marker,
                const Message& descriptor_proto,
                const string& field_name, int index,
                const char* expected_leading_comments,
-               const char* expected_trailing_comments) {
+               const char* expected_trailing_comments,
+               const char* expected_leading_detached_comments) {
     const FieldDescriptor* field =
         descriptor_proto.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName(field_name);
     if (field == NULL) {
@@ -1977,12 +2126,13 @@ class SourceInfoTest : public ParserTest {
 
     return HasSpanWithComment(
         start_marker, end_marker, descriptor_proto, field, index,
-        expected_leading_comments, expected_trailing_comments);
+        expected_leading_comments, expected_trailing_comments,
+        expected_leading_detached_comments);
   }
 
   bool HasSpan(const Message& descriptor_proto) {
     return HasSpanWithComment(
-        '\0', '\0', descriptor_proto, NULL, -1, NULL, NULL);
+        '\0', '\0', descriptor_proto, NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, NULL);
   }
 
   bool HasSpan(const Message& descriptor_proto, const string& field_name) {
@@ -1994,11 +2144,12 @@ class SourceInfoTest : public ParserTest {
     return HasSpan('\0', '\0', descriptor_proto, field_name, index);
   }
 
-  bool HasSpanWithComment(char start_marker, char end_marker,
-                          const Message& descriptor_proto,
-                          const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
-                          const char* expected_leading_comments,
-                          const char* expected_trailing_comments) {
+  bool HasSpanWithComment(
+      char start_marker, char end_marker, const Message& descriptor_proto,
+      const FieldDescriptor* field, int index,
+      const char* expected_leading_comments,
+      const char* expected_trailing_comments,
+      const char* expected_leading_detached_comments) {
     pair<SpanMap::iterator, SpanMap::iterator> range =
         spans_.equal_range(SpanKey(descriptor_proto, field, index));
 
@@ -2037,6 +2188,13 @@ class SourceInfoTest : public ParserTest {
             EXPECT_EQ(expected_trailing_comments,
                       iter->second->trailing_comments());
           }
+          if (expected_leading_detached_comments == NULL) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(0, iter->second->leading_detached_comments_size());
+          } else {
+            EXPECT_EQ(
+                expected_leading_detached_comments,
+                Join(iter->second->leading_detached_comments(), "\n"));
+          }
 
           spans_.erase(iter);
           return true;
@@ -2087,7 +2245,7 @@ class SourceInfoTest : public ParserTest {
           text_without_markers_ += '$';
           ++column;
         } else {
-          markers_[*text] = make_pair(line, column);
+          markers_[*text] = std::make_pair(line, column);
           ++text;
           GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ('$', *text);
         }
@@ -2106,7 +2264,7 @@ class SourceInfoTest : public ParserTest {
 
 TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, BasicFileDecls) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(Parse(
-      "$a$syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+      "$a$syntax = \"proto2\";$i$\n"
       "package $b$foo.bar$c$;\n"
       "import $d$\"baz.proto\"$e$;\n"
       "import $f$\"qux.proto\"$g$;$h$\n"
@@ -2117,6 +2275,7 @@ TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, BasicFileDecls) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('b', 'c', file_, "package"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('d', 'e', file_, "dependency", 0));
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('f', 'g', file_, "dependency", 1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'i', file_, "syntax"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, Messages) {
@@ -2547,6 +2706,9 @@ TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, ScopedOptions) {
     "  rpc M(X) returns(Y) {\n"
     "    $g$option mopt = 1;$h$\n"
     "  }\n"
+    "  rpc MS4($1$stream$2$ X) returns($3$stream$4$ Y) {\n"
+    "    $k$option mopt = 1;$l$\n"
+    "  }\n"
     "}\n"));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'b', file_.message_type(0).options()));
@@ -2606,6 +2768,26 @@ TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, ScopedOptions) {
                       .uninterpreted_option(0).name(0), "name_part"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(0).options()
                       .uninterpreted_option(0), "positive_int_value"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('k', 'l', file_.service(0).method(1).options()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1), "input_type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1), "output_type"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1).options()
+                      .uninterpreted_option(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1).options()
+                      .uninterpreted_option(0), "name"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1).options()
+                      .uninterpreted_option(0).name(0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1).options()
+                      .uninterpreted_option(0).name(0), "name_part"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_.service(0).method(1).options()
+                      .uninterpreted_option(0), "positive_int_value"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('1', '2', file_.service(0).method(1),
+                      "client_streaming"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('3', '4', file_.service(0).method(1),
+                      "server_streaming"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, FieldOptions) {
@@ -2691,7 +2873,7 @@ TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocComments) {
       "  // Foo trailing\n"
       "  // line 2\n"
       "\n"
-      "  // ignored\n"
+      "  // detached\n"
       "\n"
       "  // bar leading\n"
       "  $b$optional int32 bar = 1;$c$\n"
@@ -2705,10 +2887,12 @@ TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocComments) {
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('a', 'd', foo,
       " Foo leading\n line 2\n",
-      " Foo trailing\n line 2\n"));
+      " Foo trailing\n line 2\n",
+      NULL));
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('b', 'c', bar,
       " bar leading\n",
-      " bar trailing\n"));
+      " bar trailing\n",
+      " detached\n"));
 
   // Ignore these.
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
@@ -2721,21 +2905,23 @@ TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocComments) {
 
 TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocComments2) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(Parse(
-      "// ignored\n"
-      "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+      "// detached before message.\n"
+      "\n"
       "// Foo leading\n"
       "// line 2\n"
       "$a$message Foo {\n"
       "  /* Foo trailing\n"
       "   * line 2 */\n"
-      "  // ignored\n"
+      "  // detached\n"
       "  /* bar leading\n"
       "   */"
       "  $b$optional int32 bar = 1;$c$  // bar trailing\n"
-      "  // ignored\n"
+      "  // ignored detached\n"
       "}$d$\n"
       "// ignored\n"
       "\n"
+      "// detached before option\n"
+      "\n"
       "// option leading\n"
       "$e$option baz = 123;$f$\n"
       "// option trailing\n"
@@ -2747,13 +2933,16 @@ TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocComments2) {
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('a', 'd', foo,
       " Foo leading\n line 2\n",
-      " Foo trailing\n line 2 "));
+      " Foo trailing\n line 2 ",
+      " detached before message.\n"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('b', 'c', bar,
       " bar leading\n",
-      " bar trailing\n"));
+      " bar trailing\n",
+      " detached\n"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('e', 'f', baz,
       " option leading\n",
-      " option trailing\n"));
+      " option trailing\n",
+      " detached before option\n"));
 
   // Ignore these.
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
@@ -2784,7 +2973,8 @@ TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocComments3) {
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('b', 'c', bar,
       " bar leading\n",
-      " bar trailing\n"));
+      " bar trailing\n",
+      NULL));
 
   // Ignore these.
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
@@ -2804,25 +2994,63 @@ TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocComments3) {
       bar.options().uninterpreted_option(0), "aggregate_value"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocCommentsTopLevel) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Parse(
+      "// detached before syntax paragraph 1\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// detached before syntax paragraph 2\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// syntax leading\n"
+      "$a$syntax = \"proto2\";$b$\n"
+      "// syntax trailing\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// syntax-package detached comments\n"
+      "\n"
+      ";\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// detached after empty before package\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// package leading\n"
+      "package $c$foo$d$;\n"
+      "// package trailing\n"
+      "\n"
+      "// ignored detach\n"
+      "\n"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('a', 'b', file_, "syntax", -1,
+      " syntax leading\n",
+      " syntax trailing\n",
+      " detached before syntax paragraph 1\n"
+      "\n"
+      " detached before syntax paragraph 2\n"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan('c', 'd', file_, "package", -1,
+      " package leading\n",
+      " package trailing\n",
+      " syntax-package detached comments\n"
+      "\n"
+      " detached after empty before package\n"));
+
+  // ignore these.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
+}
+
 TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocCommentsOneof) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(Parse(
-      "// ignored\n"
-      "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
       "// Foo leading\n"
       "$a$message Foo {\n"
       "  /* Foo trailing\n"
       "   */\n"
-      "  // ignored\n"
+      "  // detached before oneof\n"
       "  /* bar leading\n"
       "   * line 2 */\n"
       "  $b$oneof bar {\n"
       "  /* bar trailing\n"
       "   * line 2 */\n"
-      "  // ignored\n"
+      "  // detached before bar_int\n"
       "  /* bar_int leading\n"
       "   */\n"
       "  $c$int32 bar_int = 1;$d$  // bar_int trailing\n"
-      "  // ignored\n"
+      "  // detach comment ignored\n"
       "  }$e$\n"
       "}$f$\n"));
 
@@ -2832,13 +3060,16 @@ TEST_F(SourceInfoTest, DocCommentsOneof) {
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('a', 'f', foo,
       " Foo leading\n",
-      " Foo trailing\n"));
+      " Foo trailing\n",
+      NULL));
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('b', 'e', bar,
       " bar leading\n line 2 ",
-      " bar trailing\n line 2 "));
+      " bar trailing\n line 2 ",
+      " detached before oneof\n"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpanWithComment('c', 'd', bar_int,
       " bar_int leading\n",
-      " bar_int trailing\n"));
+      " bar_int trailing\n",
+      " detached before bar_int\n"));
 
   // Ignore these.
   EXPECT_TRUE(HasSpan(file_));
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc
index 9011a6bd..cdcaffde 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class GeneratorResponseContext : public GeneratorContext {
 int PluginMain(int argc, char* argv[], const CodeGenerator* generator) {
 
   if (argc > 1) {
-    cerr << argv[0] << ": Unknown option: " << argv[1] << endl;
+    std::cerr << argv[0] << ": Unknown option: " << argv[1] << std::endl;
     return 1;
   }
 
@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ int PluginMain(int argc, char* argv[], const CodeGenerator* generator) {
 
   CodeGeneratorRequest request;
   if (!request.ParseFromFileDescriptor(STDIN_FILENO)) {
-    cerr << argv[0] << ": protoc sent unparseable request to plugin." << endl;
+    std::cerr << argv[0] << ": protoc sent unparseable request to plugin."
+              << std::endl;
     return 1;
   }
 
@@ -123,9 +124,9 @@ int PluginMain(int argc, char* argv[], const CodeGenerator* generator) {
   for (int i = 0; i < request.file_to_generate_size(); i++) {
     parsed_files.push_back(pool.FindFileByName(request.file_to_generate(i)));
     if (parsed_files.back() == NULL) {
-      cerr << argv[0] << ": protoc asked plugin to generate a file but "
-              "did not provide a descriptor for the file: "
-           << request.file_to_generate(i) << endl;
+      std::cerr << argv[0] << ": protoc asked plugin to generate a file but "
+                              "did not provide a descriptor for the file: "
+                << request.file_to_generate(i) << std::endl;
       return 1;
     }
   }
@@ -133,25 +134,39 @@ int PluginMain(int argc, char* argv[], const CodeGenerator* generator) {
   CodeGeneratorResponse response;
   GeneratorResponseContext context(&response, parsed_files);
 
-  for (int i = 0; i < parsed_files.size(); i++) {
-    const FileDescriptor* file = parsed_files[i];
-
+  if (generator->HasGenerateAll()) {
     string error;
-    bool succeeded = generator->Generate(
-        file, request.parameter(), &context, &error);
+    bool succeeded = generator->GenerateAll(
+        parsed_files, request.parameter(), &context, &error);
 
     if (!succeeded && error.empty()) {
       error = "Code generator returned false but provided no error "
               "description.";
     }
     if (!error.empty()) {
-      response.set_error(file->name() + ": " + error);
-      break;
+      response.set_error(error);
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (int i = 0; i < parsed_files.size(); i++) {
+      const FileDescriptor* file = parsed_files[i];
+
+      string error;
+      bool succeeded = generator->Generate(
+          file, request.parameter(), &context, &error);
+
+      if (!succeeded && error.empty()) {
+        error = "Code generator returned false but provided no error "
+                "description.";
+      }
+      if (!error.empty()) {
+        response.set_error(file->name() + ": " + error);
+        break;
+      }
     }
   }
 
   if (!response.SerializeToFileDescriptor(STDOUT_FILENO)) {
-    cerr << argv[0] << ": Error writing to stdout." << endl;
+    std::cerr << argv[0] << ": Error writing to stdout." << std::endl;
     return 1;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc
index 5118de15..e7890fae 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
     "\01324.google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGenerat"
     "orResponse.File\032>\n\004File\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022\027\n"
     "\017insertion_point\030\002 \001(\t\022\017\n\007content\030\017 \001(\tB"
-    ",\n\034com.google.protobuf.compilerB\014PluginP"
-    "rotos", 445);
+    "7\n\034com.google.protobuf.compilerB\014PluginP"
+    "rotosZ\tplugin_go", 456);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
   CodeGeneratorRequest::default_instance_ = new CodeGeneratorRequest();
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ const int CodeGeneratorRequest::kProtoFileFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 CodeGeneratorRequest::CodeGeneratorRequest()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
 }
@@ -300,12 +300,15 @@ bool CodeGeneratorRequest::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 15: {
         if (tag == 122) {
          parse_proto_file:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_proto_file:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_proto_file()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(122)) goto parse_proto_file;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(122)) goto parse_loop_proto_file;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -445,9 +448,9 @@ int CodeGeneratorRequest::ByteSize() const {
 
 void CodeGeneratorRequest::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const CodeGeneratorRequest* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const CodeGeneratorRequest*>(
-      &from);
+  const CodeGeneratorRequest* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const CodeGeneratorRequest>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -509,6 +512,147 @@ void CodeGeneratorRequest::InternalSwap(CodeGeneratorRequest* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// CodeGeneratorRequest
+
+// repeated string file_to_generate = 1;
+int CodeGeneratorRequest::file_to_generate_size() const {
+  return file_to_generate_.size();
+}
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::clear_file_to_generate() {
+  file_to_generate_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorRequest::file_to_generate(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+  return file_to_generate_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_file_to_generate(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+  return file_to_generate_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+  file_to_generate_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value) {
+  file_to_generate_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  file_to_generate_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+}
+ ::std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate() {
+  return file_to_generate_.Add();
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(const ::std::string& value) {
+  file_to_generate_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(const char* value) {
+  file_to_generate_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  file_to_generate_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+CodeGeneratorRequest::file_to_generate() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+  return file_to_generate_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_file_to_generate() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
+  return &file_to_generate_;
+}
+
+// optional string parameter = 2;
+bool CodeGeneratorRequest::has_parameter() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_has_parameter() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::clear_has_parameter() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::clear_parameter() {
+  parameter_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_parameter();
+}
+ const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorRequest::parameter() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+  return parameter_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_parameter();
+  parameter_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(const char* value) {
+  set_has_parameter();
+  parameter_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_parameter();
+  parameter_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+}
+ ::std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_parameter() {
+  set_has_parameter();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+  return parameter_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::release_parameter() {
+  clear_has_parameter();
+  return parameter_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_allocated_parameter(::std::string* parameter) {
+  if (parameter != NULL) {
+    set_has_parameter();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_parameter();
+  }
+  parameter_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), parameter);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto proto_file = 15;
+int CodeGeneratorRequest::proto_file_size() const {
+  return proto_file_.size();
+}
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::clear_proto_file() {
+  proto_file_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto& CodeGeneratorRequest::proto_file(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.proto_file)
+  return proto_file_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto* CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_proto_file(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.proto_file)
+  return proto_file_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto* CodeGeneratorRequest::add_proto_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.proto_file)
+  return proto_file_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto >&
+CodeGeneratorRequest::proto_file() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.proto_file)
+  return proto_file_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto >*
+CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_proto_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.proto_file)
+  return &proto_file_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -519,7 +663,7 @@ const int CodeGeneratorResponse_File::kContentFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 CodeGeneratorResponse_File::CodeGeneratorResponse_File()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
 }
@@ -583,7 +727,7 @@ CodeGeneratorResponse_File* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::New(::google::protobuf::
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::Clear() {
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 7) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 7u) {
     if (has_name()) {
       name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
@@ -769,7 +913,7 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int CodeGeneratorResponse_File::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 7) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 7u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
     if (has_name()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -805,9 +949,9 @@ int CodeGeneratorResponse_File::ByteSize() const {
 
 void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const CodeGeneratorResponse_File* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const CodeGeneratorResponse_File*>(
-      &from);
+  const CodeGeneratorResponse_File* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const CodeGeneratorResponse_File>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -883,7 +1027,7 @@ const int CodeGeneratorResponse::kFileFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 CodeGeneratorResponse::CodeGeneratorResponse()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
 }
@@ -983,12 +1127,15 @@ bool CodeGeneratorResponse::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 15: {
         if (tag == 122) {
          parse_file:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_file:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_file()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(122)) goto parse_file;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(122)) goto parse_loop_file;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -1101,9 +1248,9 @@ int CodeGeneratorResponse::ByteSize() const {
 
 void CodeGeneratorResponse::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const CodeGeneratorResponse* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const CodeGeneratorResponse*>(
-      &from);
+  const CodeGeneratorResponse* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const CodeGeneratorResponse>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -1162,6 +1309,256 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse::InternalSwap(CodeGeneratorResponse* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// CodeGeneratorResponse_File
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+bool CodeGeneratorResponse_File::has_name() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::clear_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_name();
+}
+ const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(const char* value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::mutable_name() {
+  set_has_name();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::release_name() {
+  clear_has_name();
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    set_has_name();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_name();
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
+}
+
+// optional string insertion_point = 2;
+bool CodeGeneratorResponse_File::has_insertion_point() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_has_insertion_point() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::clear_has_insertion_point() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::clear_insertion_point() {
+  insertion_point_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_insertion_point();
+}
+ const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::insertion_point() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+  return insertion_point_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_insertion_point();
+  insertion_point_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(const char* value) {
+  set_has_insertion_point();
+  insertion_point_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_insertion_point();
+  insertion_point_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+}
+ ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::mutable_insertion_point() {
+  set_has_insertion_point();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+  return insertion_point_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::release_insertion_point() {
+  clear_has_insertion_point();
+  return insertion_point_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_allocated_insertion_point(::std::string* insertion_point) {
+  if (insertion_point != NULL) {
+    set_has_insertion_point();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_insertion_point();
+  }
+  insertion_point_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), insertion_point);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
+}
+
+// optional string content = 15;
+bool CodeGeneratorResponse_File::has_content() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_has_content() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::clear_has_content() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::clear_content() {
+  content_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_content();
+}
+ const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::content() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+  return content_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_content();
+  content_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(const char* value) {
+  set_has_content();
+  content_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_content();
+  content_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+}
+ ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::mutable_content() {
+  set_has_content();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+  return content_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::release_content() {
+  clear_has_content();
+  return content_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_allocated_content(::std::string* content) {
+  if (content != NULL) {
+    set_has_content();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_content();
+  }
+  content_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), content);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// CodeGeneratorResponse
+
+// optional string error = 1;
+bool CodeGeneratorResponse::has_error() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_has_error() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::clear_has_error() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::clear_error() {
+  error_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_error();
+}
+ const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse::error() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+  return error_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_error();
+  error_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(const char* value) {
+  set_has_error();
+  error_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_error();
+  error_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+}
+ ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse::mutable_error() {
+  set_has_error();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+  return error_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse::release_error() {
+  clear_has_error();
+  return error_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_allocated_error(::std::string* error) {
+  if (error != NULL) {
+    set_has_error();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_error();
+  }
+  error_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), error);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File file = 15;
+int CodeGeneratorResponse::file_size() const {
+  return file_.size();
+}
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::clear_file() {
+  file_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File& CodeGeneratorResponse::file(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.file)
+  return file_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* CodeGeneratorResponse::mutable_file(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.file)
+  return file_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* CodeGeneratorResponse::add_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.file)
+  return file_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File >&
+CodeGeneratorResponse::file() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.file)
+  return file_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File >*
+CodeGeneratorResponse::mutable_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.file)
+  return &file_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h
index ad017005..6fcaea2e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h
@@ -110,43 +110,43 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorRequest : public ::google::protobuf::Message
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // repeated string file_to_generate = 1;
-  inline int file_to_generate_size() const;
-  inline void clear_file_to_generate();
+  int file_to_generate_size() const;
+  void clear_file_to_generate();
   static const int kFileToGenerateFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& file_to_generate(int index) const;
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_file_to_generate(int index);
-  inline void set_file_to_generate(int index, const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value);
-  inline void set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* add_file_to_generate();
-  inline void add_file_to_generate(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void add_file_to_generate(const char* value);
-  inline void add_file_to_generate(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>& file_to_generate() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>* mutable_file_to_generate();
+  const ::std::string& file_to_generate(int index) const;
+  ::std::string* mutable_file_to_generate(int index);
+  void set_file_to_generate(int index, const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* add_file_to_generate();
+  void add_file_to_generate(const ::std::string& value);
+  void add_file_to_generate(const char* value);
+  void add_file_to_generate(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>& file_to_generate() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>* mutable_file_to_generate();
 
   // optional string parameter = 2;
-  inline bool has_parameter() const;
-  inline void clear_parameter();
+  bool has_parameter() const;
+  void clear_parameter();
   static const int kParameterFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline const ::std::string& parameter() const;
-  inline void set_parameter(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_parameter(const char* value);
-  inline void set_parameter(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_parameter();
-  inline ::std::string* release_parameter();
-  inline void set_allocated_parameter(::std::string* parameter);
+  const ::std::string& parameter() const;
+  void set_parameter(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_parameter(const char* value);
+  void set_parameter(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_parameter();
+  ::std::string* release_parameter();
+  void set_allocated_parameter(::std::string* parameter);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto proto_file = 15;
-  inline int proto_file_size() const;
-  inline void clear_proto_file();
+  int proto_file_size() const;
+  void clear_proto_file();
   static const int kProtoFileFieldNumber = 15;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto& proto_file(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto* mutable_proto_file(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto* add_proto_file();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto& proto_file(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto* mutable_proto_file(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto* add_proto_file();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto >&
       proto_file() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto >*
       mutable_proto_file();
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
@@ -234,40 +234,40 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse_File : public ::google::protobuf::M
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional string name = 1;
-  inline bool has_name() const;
-  inline void clear_name();
+  bool has_name() const;
+  void clear_name();
   static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& name() const;
-  inline void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_name();
-  inline ::std::string* release_name();
-  inline void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
 
   // optional string insertion_point = 2;
-  inline bool has_insertion_point() const;
-  inline void clear_insertion_point();
+  bool has_insertion_point() const;
+  void clear_insertion_point();
   static const int kInsertionPointFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline const ::std::string& insertion_point() const;
-  inline void set_insertion_point(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_insertion_point(const char* value);
-  inline void set_insertion_point(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_insertion_point();
-  inline ::std::string* release_insertion_point();
-  inline void set_allocated_insertion_point(::std::string* insertion_point);
+  const ::std::string& insertion_point() const;
+  void set_insertion_point(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_insertion_point(const char* value);
+  void set_insertion_point(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_insertion_point();
+  ::std::string* release_insertion_point();
+  void set_allocated_insertion_point(::std::string* insertion_point);
 
   // optional string content = 15;
-  inline bool has_content() const;
-  inline void clear_content();
+  bool has_content() const;
+  void clear_content();
   static const int kContentFieldNumber = 15;
-  inline const ::std::string& content() const;
-  inline void set_content(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_content(const char* value);
-  inline void set_content(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_content();
-  inline ::std::string* release_content();
-  inline void set_allocated_content(::std::string* content);
+  const ::std::string& content() const;
+  void set_content(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_content(const char* value);
+  void set_content(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_content();
+  ::std::string* release_content();
+  void set_allocated_content(::std::string* content);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
  private:
@@ -360,27 +360,27 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional string error = 1;
-  inline bool has_error() const;
-  inline void clear_error();
+  bool has_error() const;
+  void clear_error();
   static const int kErrorFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& error() const;
-  inline void set_error(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_error(const char* value);
-  inline void set_error(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_error();
-  inline ::std::string* release_error();
-  inline void set_allocated_error(::std::string* error);
+  const ::std::string& error() const;
+  void set_error(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_error(const char* value);
+  void set_error(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_error();
+  ::std::string* release_error();
+  void set_allocated_error(::std::string* error);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File file = 15;
-  inline int file_size() const;
-  inline void clear_file();
+  int file_size() const;
+  void clear_file();
   static const int kFileFieldNumber = 15;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File& file(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* mutable_file(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* add_file();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File& file(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* mutable_file(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File* add_file();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File >&
       file() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File >*
       mutable_file();
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
@@ -405,6 +405,7 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
 
 // ===================================================================
 
+#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 // CodeGeneratorRequest
 
 // repeated string file_to_generate = 1;
@@ -794,21 +795,17 @@ CodeGeneratorResponse::mutable_file() {
   return &file_;
 }
 
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
-
-}  // namespace compiler
-}  // namespace protobuf
-}  // namespace google
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-#ifndef SWIG
-namespace google {
-namespace protobuf {
 
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
 
+}  // namespace compiler
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
-#endif  // SWIG
 
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto
index e627289b..acaee1f4 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ package google.protobuf.compiler;
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.compiler";
 option java_outer_classname = "PluginProtos";
 
+option go_package = "plugin_go";
+
 import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
 
 // An encoded CodeGeneratorRequest is written to the plugin's stdin.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc
index b30d1972..7b3b5fa3 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc
@@ -273,6 +273,19 @@ string StringifyDefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor& field) {
   return "";
 }
 
+string StringifySyntax(FileDescriptor::Syntax syntax) {
+  switch (syntax) {
+    case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2:
+      return "proto2";
+    case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3:
+      return "proto3";
+    case FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_UNKNOWN:
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported syntax; this generator only supports proto2 "
+                    "and proto3 syntax.";
+      return "";
+  }
+}
 
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -367,10 +380,12 @@ void Generator::PrintFileDescriptor() const {
   m["descriptor_name"] = kDescriptorKey;
   m["name"] = file_->name();
   m["package"] = file_->package();
+  m["syntax"] = StringifySyntax(file_->syntax());
   const char file_descriptor_template[] =
       "$descriptor_name$ = _descriptor.FileDescriptor(\n"
       "  name='$name$',\n"
-      "  package='$package$',\n";
+      "  package='$package$',\n"
+      "  syntax='$syntax$',\n";
   printer_->Print(m, file_descriptor_template);
   printer_->Indent();
   printer_->Print(
@@ -414,7 +429,7 @@ void Generator::PrintTopLevelEnums() const {
     for (int j = 0; j < enum_descriptor.value_count(); ++j) {
       const EnumValueDescriptor& value_descriptor = *enum_descriptor.value(j);
       top_level_enum_values.push_back(
-          make_pair(value_descriptor.name(), value_descriptor.number()));
+          std::make_pair(value_descriptor.name(), value_descriptor.number()));
     }
   }
 
@@ -581,14 +596,15 @@ void Generator::PrintServiceDescriptor(
 }
 
 
-void Generator::PrintDescriptorKeyAndModuleName(const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const {	  
+void Generator::PrintDescriptorKeyAndModuleName(
+    const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const {
   printer_->Print(
       "$descriptor_key$ = $descriptor_name$,\n",
       "descriptor_key", kDescriptorKey,
       "descriptor_name", ModuleLevelServiceDescriptorName(descriptor));
   printer_->Print(
       "__module__ = '$module_name$'\n",
-      "module_name", ModuleName(file_->name())); 
+      "module_name", ModuleName(file_->name()));
 }
 
 void Generator::PrintServiceClass(const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const {
@@ -664,10 +680,12 @@ void Generator::PrintDescriptor(const Descriptor& message_descriptor) const {
   message_descriptor.options().SerializeToString(&options_string);
   printer_->Print(
       "options=$options_value$,\n"
-      "is_extendable=$extendable$",
+      "is_extendable=$extendable$,\n"
+      "syntax='$syntax$'",
       "options_value", OptionsValue("MessageOptions", options_string),
       "extendable", message_descriptor.extension_range_count() > 0 ?
-                      "True" : "False");
+                      "True" : "False",
+      "syntax", StringifySyntax(message_descriptor.file()->syntax()));
   printer_->Print(",\n");
 
   // Extension ranges
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h
index ee68ad72..2ddac601 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h
@@ -127,7 +127,8 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT Generator : public CodeGenerator {
   void PrintServiceDescriptor(const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const;
   void PrintServiceClass(const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const;
   void PrintServiceStub(const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const;
-  void PrintDescriptorKeyAndModuleName(const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const ;
+  void PrintDescriptorKeyAndModuleName(
+      const ServiceDescriptor& descriptor) const ;
 
   void PrintEnumValueDescriptor(const EnumValueDescriptor& descriptor) const;
   string OptionsValue(const string& class_name,
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code.proto b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42d82a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package A.B.C;
+
+message TestMessage {
+  int32 optional_int32 = 1;
+  int64 optional_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 optional_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 optional_uint64 = 4;
+  bool optional_bool = 5;
+  double optional_double = 6;
+  float optional_float = 7;
+  string optional_string = 8;
+  bytes optional_bytes = 9;
+  TestEnum optional_enum = 10;
+  TestMessage optional_msg = 11;
+
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32 = 21;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64 = 22;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32 = 23;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64 = 24;
+  repeated bool repeated_bool = 25;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 26;
+  repeated float repeated_float = 27;
+  repeated string repeated_string = 28;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes = 29;
+  repeated TestEnum repeated_enum = 30;
+  repeated TestMessage repeated_msg = 31;
+
+  oneof my_oneof {
+    int32 oneof_int32 = 41;
+    int64 oneof_int64 = 42;
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 43;
+    uint64 oneof_uint64 = 44;
+    bool oneof_bool = 45;
+    double oneof_double = 46;
+    float oneof_float = 47;
+    string oneof_string = 48;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 49;
+    TestEnum oneof_enum = 50;
+    TestMessage oneof_msg = 51;
+  }
+
+  map<int32, string> map_int32_string = 61;
+  map<int64, string> map_int64_string = 62;
+  map<uint32, string> map_uint32_string = 63;
+  map<uint64, string> map_uint64_string = 64;
+  map<bool, string> map_bool_string = 65;
+  map<string, string> map_string_string = 66;
+  map<string, TestMessage> map_string_msg = 67;
+  map<string, TestEnum> map_string_enum = 68;
+  map<string, int32> map_string_int32 = 69;
+  map<string, bool> map_string_bool = 70;
+
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int32 foo = 1;
+  }
+
+  NestedMessage nested_message = 80;
+}
+
+enum TestEnum {
+  Default = 0;
+  A = 1;
+  B = 2;
+  C = 3;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code.rb b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49b23fbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generated_code.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: ruby_generated_code.proto
+
+require 'google/protobuf'
+
+Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.build do
+  add_message "A.B.C.TestMessage" do
+    optional :optional_int32, :int32, 1
+    optional :optional_int64, :int64, 2
+    optional :optional_uint32, :uint32, 3
+    optional :optional_uint64, :uint64, 4
+    optional :optional_bool, :bool, 5
+    optional :optional_double, :double, 6
+    optional :optional_float, :float, 7
+    optional :optional_string, :string, 8
+    optional :optional_bytes, :bytes, 9
+    optional :optional_enum, :enum, 10, "A.B.C.TestEnum"
+    optional :optional_msg, :message, 11, "A.B.C.TestMessage"
+    repeated :repeated_int32, :int32, 21
+    repeated :repeated_int64, :int64, 22
+    repeated :repeated_uint32, :uint32, 23
+    repeated :repeated_uint64, :uint64, 24
+    repeated :repeated_bool, :bool, 25
+    repeated :repeated_double, :double, 26
+    repeated :repeated_float, :float, 27
+    repeated :repeated_string, :string, 28
+    repeated :repeated_bytes, :bytes, 29
+    repeated :repeated_enum, :enum, 30, "A.B.C.TestEnum"
+    repeated :repeated_msg, :message, 31, "A.B.C.TestMessage"
+    map :map_int32_string, :int32, :string, 61
+    map :map_int64_string, :int64, :string, 62
+    map :map_uint32_string, :uint32, :string, 63
+    map :map_uint64_string, :uint64, :string, 64
+    map :map_bool_string, :bool, :string, 65
+    map :map_string_string, :string, :string, 66
+    map :map_string_msg, :string, :message, 67, "A.B.C.TestMessage"
+    map :map_string_enum, :string, :enum, 68, "A.B.C.TestEnum"
+    map :map_string_int32, :string, :int32, 69
+    map :map_string_bool, :string, :bool, 70
+    optional :nested_message, :message, 80, "A.B.C.TestMessage.NestedMessage"
+    oneof :my_oneof do
+      optional :oneof_int32, :int32, 41
+      optional :oneof_int64, :int64, 42
+      optional :oneof_uint32, :uint32, 43
+      optional :oneof_uint64, :uint64, 44
+      optional :oneof_bool, :bool, 45
+      optional :oneof_double, :double, 46
+      optional :oneof_float, :float, 47
+      optional :oneof_string, :string, 48
+      optional :oneof_bytes, :bytes, 49
+      optional :oneof_enum, :enum, 50, "A.B.C.TestEnum"
+      optional :oneof_msg, :message, 51, "A.B.C.TestMessage"
+    end
+  end
+  add_message "A.B.C.TestMessage.NestedMessage" do
+    optional :foo, :int32, 1
+  end
+  add_enum "A.B.C.TestEnum" do
+    value :Default, 0
+    value :A, 1
+    value :B, 2
+    value :C, 3
+  end
+end
+
+module A
+  module B
+    module C
+      TestMessage = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.lookup("A.B.C.TestMessage").msgclass
+      TestMessage::NestedMessage = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.lookup("A.B.C.TestMessage.NestedMessage").msgclass
+      TestEnum = Google::Protobuf::DescriptorPool.generated_pool.lookup("A.B.C.TestEnum").enummodule
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.cc
index c5687903..9692f1bf 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.cc
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ namespace compiler {
 namespace ruby {
 
 // Forward decls.
-std::string IntToString(uint32_t value);
+std::string IntToString(int32 value);
 std::string StripDotProto(const std::string& proto_file);
 std::string LabelForField(google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* field);
 std::string TypeName(google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* field);
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ void GenerateEnumAssignment(
     const google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* en,
     google::protobuf::io::Printer* printer);
 
-std::string IntToString(uint32_t value) {
+std::string IntToString(int32 value) {
   std::ostringstream os;
   os << value;
   return os.str();
@@ -85,30 +85,58 @@ std::string LabelForField(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* field) {
 }
 
 std::string TypeName(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* field) {
-  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: return "int32";
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: return "int64";
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: return "uint32";
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: return "uint64";
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: return "double";
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT: return "float";
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: return "bool";
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: return "enum";
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: return "string";
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: return "message";
+  switch (field->type()) {
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32: return "int32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64: return "int64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32: return "uint32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64: return "uint64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32: return "sint32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64: return "sint64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32: return "fixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64: return "fixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32: return "sfixed32";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64: return "sfixed64";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE: return "double";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT: return "float";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL: return "bool";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM: return "enum";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING: return "string";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES: return "bytes";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE: return "message";
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP: return "group";
     default: assert(false); return "";
   }
 }
 
-void GenerateMessage(const google::protobuf::Descriptor* message,
-                     google::protobuf::io::Printer* printer) {
-  printer->Print(
-    "add_message \"$name$\" do\n",
-    "name", message->full_name());
-  printer->Indent();
+void GenerateField(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* field,
+                   google::protobuf::io::Printer* printer) {
+
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* key_field =
+        field->message_type()->FindFieldByNumber(1);
+    const FieldDescriptor* value_field =
+        field->message_type()->FindFieldByNumber(2);
+
+    printer->Print(
+      "map :$name$, :$key_type$, :$value_type$, $number$",
+      "name", field->name(),
+      "key_type", TypeName(key_field),
+      "value_type", TypeName(value_field),
+      "number", IntToString(field->number()));
+
+    if (value_field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      printer->Print(
+        ", \"$subtype$\"\n",
+        "subtype", value_field->message_type()->full_name());
+    } else if (value_field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
+      printer->Print(
+        ", \"$subtype$\"\n",
+        "subtype", value_field->enum_type()->full_name());
+    } else {
+      printer->Print("\n");
+    }
+  } else {
 
-  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); i++) {
-    const FieldDescriptor* field = message->field(i);
     printer->Print(
       "$label$ :$name$, ",
       "label", LabelForField(field),
@@ -117,6 +145,7 @@ void GenerateMessage(const google::protobuf::Descriptor* message,
       ":$type$, $number$",
       "type", TypeName(field),
       "number", IntToString(field->number()));
+
     if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
       printer->Print(
         ", \"$subtype$\"\n",
@@ -129,6 +158,49 @@ void GenerateMessage(const google::protobuf::Descriptor* message,
       printer->Print("\n");
     }
   }
+}
+
+void GenerateOneof(const google::protobuf::OneofDescriptor* oneof,
+                   google::protobuf::io::Printer* printer) {
+  printer->Print(
+      "oneof :$name$ do\n",
+      "name", oneof->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < oneof->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = oneof->field(i);
+    GenerateField(field, printer);
+  }
+
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("end\n");
+}
+
+void GenerateMessage(const google::protobuf::Descriptor* message,
+                     google::protobuf::io::Printer* printer) {
+
+  // Don't generate MapEntry messages -- we use the Ruby extension's native
+  // support for map fields instead.
+  if (message->options().map_entry()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  printer->Print(
+    "add_message \"$name$\" do\n",
+    "name", message->full_name());
+  printer->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = message->field(i);
+    if (!field->containing_oneof()) {
+      GenerateField(field, printer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < message->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
+    const OneofDescriptor* oneof = message->oneof_decl(i);
+    GenerateOneof(oneof, printer);
+  }
 
   printer->Outdent();
   printer->Print("end\n");
@@ -185,6 +257,13 @@ void GenerateMessageAssignment(
     const std::string& prefix,
     const google::protobuf::Descriptor* message,
     google::protobuf::io::Printer* printer) {
+
+  // Don't generate MapEntry messages -- we use the Ruby extension's native
+  // support for map fields instead.
+  if (message->options().map_entry()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
   printer->Print(
     "$prefix$$name$ = ",
     "prefix", prefix,
@@ -307,7 +386,8 @@ bool Generator::Generate(
 
   std::string filename =
       StripDotProto(file->name()) + ".rb";
-  scoped_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(generator_context->Open(filename));
+  scoped_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(
+      generator_context->Open(filename));
   io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
 
   GenerateFile(file, &printer);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h
index 48dbefd1..75555c31 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ namespace protobuf {
 namespace compiler {
 namespace ruby {
 
-class Generator : public google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGenerator {
+class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT Generator
+    : public google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGenerator {
   virtual bool Generate(
       const FileDescriptor* file,
       const string& parameter,
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b04cb32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace ruby {
+namespace {
+
+string FindRubyTestDir(const string& file) {
+  // Inspired by TestSourceDir() in src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.cc.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_THIRD_PARTY_PROTOBUF
+  string prefix = ".";
+  while (!File::Exists(prefix + "/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby" + file)) {
+    if (!File::Exists(prefix)) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL)
+          << "Could not find Ruby test directory. Please run tests from "
+             "somewhere within the protobuf source package.";
+    }
+    prefix += "/..";
+  }
+  return prefix + "/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby";
+#else
+  return "third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/compiler/ruby";
+#endif  // GOOGLE_THIRD_PARTY_PROTOBUF
+}
+
+// This test is a simple golden-file test over the output of the Ruby code
+// generator. When we make changes to the Ruby extension and alter the Ruby code
+// generator to use those changes, we should (i) manually test the output of the
+// code generator with the extension, and (ii) update the golden output above.
+// Some day, we may integrate build systems between protoc and the language
+// extensions to the point where we can do this test in a more automated way.
+
+TEST(RubyGeneratorTest, GeneratorTest) {
+  string ruby_tests = FindRubyTestDir("/ruby_generated_code.proto");
+
+  google::protobuf::compiler::CommandLineInterface cli;
+  cli.SetInputsAreProtoPathRelative(true);
+
+  ruby::Generator ruby_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--ruby_out", &ruby_generator, "");
+
+  // Copy generated_code.proto to the temporary test directory.
+  string test_input;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(
+      ruby_tests + "/ruby_generated_code.proto",
+      &test_input,
+      true));
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::SetContents(
+      TestTempDir() + "/ruby_generated_code.proto",
+      test_input,
+      true));
+
+  // Invoke the proto compiler (we will be inside TestTempDir() at this point).
+  string ruby_out = "--ruby_out=" + TestTempDir();
+  string proto_path = "--proto_path=" + TestTempDir();
+  const char* argv[] = {
+    "protoc",
+    ruby_out.c_str(),
+    proto_path.c_str(),
+    "ruby_generated_code.proto",
+  };
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, cli.Run(4, argv));
+
+  // Load the generated output and compare to the expected result.
+  string output;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(
+      TestTempDir() + "/ruby_generated_code.rb",
+      &output,
+      true));
+  string expected_output;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(
+      ruby_tests + "/ruby_generated_code.rb",
+      &expected_output,
+      true));
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_output, output);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace ruby
+}  // namespace compiler
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.cc
index 61ae4381..a3cff1f8 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/subprocess.cc
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ bool Subprocess::Communicate(const Message& input, Message* output,
     DWORD wait_result =
         WaitForMultipleObjects(handle_count, handles, FALSE, INFINITE);
 
-    HANDLE signaled_handle;
+    HANDLE signaled_handle = NULL;
     if (wait_result >= WAIT_OBJECT_0 &&
         wait_result < WAIT_OBJECT_0 + handle_count) {
       signaled_handle = handles[wait_result - WAIT_OBJECT_0];
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc
index b8dd198d..2855c377 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ inline const FileDescriptor* DescriptorPool::Tables::FindFile(
 
 inline const FieldDescriptor* FileDescriptorTables::FindFieldByNumber(
     const Descriptor* parent, int number) const {
-  return FindPtrOrNull(fields_by_number_, make_pair(parent, number));
+  return FindPtrOrNull(fields_by_number_, std::make_pair(parent, number));
 }
 
 inline const FieldDescriptor* FileDescriptorTables::FindFieldByLowercaseName(
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ inline const FieldDescriptor* FileDescriptorTables::FindFieldByCamelcaseName(
 
 inline const EnumValueDescriptor* FileDescriptorTables::FindEnumValueByNumber(
     const EnumDescriptor* parent, int number) const {
-  return FindPtrOrNull(enum_values_by_number_, make_pair(parent, number));
+  return FindPtrOrNull(enum_values_by_number_, std::make_pair(parent, number));
 }
 
 inline const EnumValueDescriptor*
@@ -808,8 +808,8 @@ FileDescriptorTables::FindEnumValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(
     const EnumDescriptor* parent, int number) const {
   // First try, with map of compiled-in values.
   {
-    const EnumValueDescriptor* desc = FindPtrOrNull(
-        enum_values_by_number_, make_pair(parent, number));
+    const EnumValueDescriptor* desc =
+        FindPtrOrNull(enum_values_by_number_, std::make_pair(parent, number));
     if (desc != NULL) {
       return desc;
     }
@@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ FileDescriptorTables::FindEnumValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(
   {
     ReaderMutexLock l(&unknown_enum_values_mu_);
     const EnumValueDescriptor* desc = FindPtrOrNull(
-        unknown_enum_values_by_number_, make_pair(parent, number));
+        unknown_enum_values_by_number_, std::make_pair(parent, number));
     if (desc != NULL) {
       return desc;
     }
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ FileDescriptorTables::FindEnumValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(
   {
     WriterMutexLock l(&unknown_enum_values_mu_);
     const EnumValueDescriptor* desc = FindPtrOrNull(
-        unknown_enum_values_by_number_, make_pair(parent, number));
+        unknown_enum_values_by_number_, std::make_pair(parent, number));
     if (desc != NULL) {
       return desc;
     }
@@ -850,8 +850,7 @@ FileDescriptorTables::FindEnumValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(
     result->type_ = parent;
     result->options_ = &EnumValueOptions::default_instance();
     InsertIfNotPresent(&unknown_enum_values_by_number_,
-                       make_pair(parent, number),
-                       result);
+                       std::make_pair(parent, number), result);
     return result;
   }
 }
@@ -859,13 +858,13 @@ FileDescriptorTables::FindEnumValueByNumberCreatingIfUnknown(
 
 inline const FieldDescriptor* DescriptorPool::Tables::FindExtension(
     const Descriptor* extendee, int number) {
-  return FindPtrOrNull(extensions_, make_pair(extendee, number));
+  return FindPtrOrNull(extensions_, std::make_pair(extendee, number));
 }
 
 inline void DescriptorPool::Tables::FindAllExtensions(
     const Descriptor* extendee, vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* out) const {
   ExtensionsGroupedByDescriptorMap::const_iterator it =
-      extensions_.lower_bound(make_pair(extendee, 0));
+      extensions_.lower_bound(std::make_pair(extendee, 0));
   for (; it != extensions_.end() && it->first.first == extendee; ++it) {
     out->push_back(it->second);
   }
@@ -993,7 +992,7 @@ void FileDescriptorTables::BuildLocationsByPath(
 const SourceCodeInfo_Location* FileDescriptorTables::GetSourceLocation(
     const vector<int>& path, const SourceCodeInfo* info) const {
   pair<const FileDescriptorTables*, const SourceCodeInfo*> p(
-      make_pair(this, info));
+      std::make_pair(this, info));
   locations_by_path_once_.Init(&FileDescriptorTables::BuildLocationsByPath, &p);
   return FindPtrOrNull(locations_by_path_, Join(path, ","));
 }
@@ -1519,6 +1518,18 @@ Descriptor::FindExtensionRangeContainingNumber(int number) const {
   return NULL;
 }
 
+const Descriptor::ReservedRange*
+Descriptor::FindReservedRangeContainingNumber(int number) const {
+  // TODO(chrisn): Consider a non-linear search.
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_range_count(); i++) {
+    if (number >= reserved_range(i)->start &&
+        number <  reserved_range(i)->end) {
+      return reserved_range(i);
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 bool DescriptorPool::TryFindFileInFallbackDatabase(const string& name) const {
@@ -1742,6 +1753,14 @@ void Descriptor::CopyTo(DescriptorProto* proto) const {
   for (int i = 0; i < extension_count(); i++) {
     extension(i)->CopyTo(proto->add_extension());
   }
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_range_count(); i++) {
+    DescriptorProto::ReservedRange* range = proto->add_reserved_range();
+    range->set_start(reserved_range(i)->start);
+    range->set_end(reserved_range(i)->end);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_name_count(); i++) {
+    proto->add_reserved_name(reserved_name(i));
+  }
 
   if (&options() != &MessageOptions::default_instance()) {
     proto->mutable_options()->CopyFrom(options());
@@ -1929,9 +1948,9 @@ bool FormatLineOptions(int depth, const Message &options, string *output) {
   return !all_options.empty();
 }
 
-template<typename DescType>
 class SourceLocationCommentPrinter {
  public:
+  template<typename DescType>
   SourceLocationCommentPrinter(const DescType* desc,
                                const string& prefix,
                                const DebugStringOptions& options)
@@ -1941,9 +1960,27 @@ class SourceLocationCommentPrinter {
     have_source_loc_ = options.include_comments &&
         desc->GetSourceLocation(&source_loc_);
   }
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                               const vector<int>& path,
+                               const string& prefix,
+                               const DebugStringOptions& options)
+      : options_(options), prefix_(prefix) {
+    // Perform the SourceLocation lookup only if we're including user comments,
+    // because the lookup is fairly expensive.
+    have_source_loc_ = options.include_comments &&
+        file->GetSourceLocation(path, &source_loc_);
+  }
   void AddPreComment(string* output) {
-    if (have_source_loc_ && source_loc_.leading_comments.size() > 0) {
-      *output += FormatComment(source_loc_.leading_comments);
+    if (have_source_loc_) {
+      // Detached leading comments.
+      for (int i = 0 ; i < source_loc_.leading_detached_comments.size(); ++i) {
+        *output += FormatComment(source_loc_.leading_detached_comments[i]);
+        *output += "\n";
+      }
+      // Attached leading comments.
+      if (!source_loc_.leading_comments.empty()) {
+        *output += FormatComment(source_loc_.leading_comments);
+      }
     }
   }
   void AddPostComment(string* output) {
@@ -1967,7 +2004,6 @@ class SourceLocationCommentPrinter {
   }
 
  private:
-  const DescType* desc_;
   bool have_source_loc_;
   SourceLocation source_loc_;
   DebugStringOptions options_;
@@ -1984,10 +2020,18 @@ string FileDescriptor::DebugString() const {
 string FileDescriptor::DebugStringWithOptions(
     const DebugStringOptions& debug_string_options) const {
   string contents;
-  strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&contents, "syntax = \"$0\";\n\n",
-                               SyntaxName(syntax()));
+  {
+    vector<int> path;
+    path.push_back(FileDescriptorProto::kSyntaxFieldNumber);
+    SourceLocationCommentPrinter syntax_comment(
+        this, path, "", debug_string_options);
+    syntax_comment.AddPreComment(&contents);
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&contents, "syntax = \"$0\";\n\n",
+                                 SyntaxName(syntax()));
+    syntax_comment.AddPostComment(&contents);
+  }
 
-  SourceLocationCommentPrinter<FileDescriptor>
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter
       comment_printer(this, "", debug_string_options);
   comment_printer.AddPreComment(&contents);
 
@@ -2012,7 +2056,13 @@ string FileDescriptor::DebugStringWithOptions(
   }
 
   if (!package().empty()) {
+    vector<int> path;
+    path.push_back(FileDescriptorProto::kPackageFieldNumber);
+    SourceLocationCommentPrinter package_comment(
+        this, path, "", debug_string_options);
+    package_comment.AddPreComment(&contents);
     strings::SubstituteAndAppend(&contents, "package $0;\n\n", package());
+    package_comment.AddPostComment(&contents);
   }
 
   if (FormatLineOptions(0, options(), &contents)) {
@@ -2087,7 +2137,7 @@ void Descriptor::DebugString(int depth, string *contents,
   string prefix(depth * 2, ' ');
   ++depth;
 
-  SourceLocationCommentPrinter<Descriptor>
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter
       comment_printer(this, prefix, debug_string_options);
   comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
 
@@ -2156,6 +2206,29 @@ void Descriptor::DebugString(int depth, string *contents,
   if (extension_count() > 0)
     strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0  }\n", prefix);
 
+  if (reserved_range_count() > 0) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0  reserved ", prefix);
+    for (int i = 0; i < reserved_range_count(); i++) {
+      const Descriptor::ReservedRange* range = reserved_range(i);
+      if (range->end == range->start + 1) {
+        strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0, ", range->start);
+      } else {
+        strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0 to $1, ",
+                                     range->start, range->end - 1);
+      }
+    }
+    contents->replace(contents->size() - 2, 2, ";\n");
+  }
+
+  if (reserved_name_count() > 0) {
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0  reserved ", prefix);
+    for (int i = 0; i < reserved_name_count(); i++) {
+      strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "\"$0\", ",
+                                   CEscape(reserved_name(i)));
+    }
+    contents->replace(contents->size() - 2, 2, ";\n");
+  }
+
   strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0}\n", prefix);
   comment_printer.AddPostComment(contents);
 }
@@ -2217,7 +2290,7 @@ void FieldDescriptor::DebugString(int depth,
     label.push_back(' ');
   }
 
-  SourceLocationCommentPrinter<FieldDescriptor>
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter
       comment_printer(this, prefix, debug_string_options);
   comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
 
@@ -2248,8 +2321,12 @@ void FieldDescriptor::DebugString(int depth,
   }
 
   if (type() == TYPE_GROUP) {
-    message_type()->DebugString(depth, contents, debug_string_options,
-                                /* include_opening_clause */ false);
+    if (debug_string_options.elide_group_body) {
+      contents->append(" { ... };\n");
+    } else {
+      message_type()->DebugString(depth, contents, debug_string_options,
+                                  /* include_opening_clause */ false);
+    }
   } else {
     contents->append(";\n");
   }
@@ -2274,16 +2351,20 @@ void OneofDescriptor::DebugString(int depth, string* contents,
                                   debug_string_options) const {
   string prefix(depth * 2, ' ');
   ++depth;
-  SourceLocationCommentPrinter<OneofDescriptor>
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter
       comment_printer(this, prefix, debug_string_options);
   comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
   strings::SubstituteAndAppend(
-      contents, "$0 oneof $1 {\n", prefix, name());
-  for (int i = 0; i < field_count(); i++) {
-    field(i)->DebugString(depth, FieldDescriptor::OMIT_LABEL, contents,
-                          debug_string_options);
+      contents, "$0 oneof $1 {", prefix, name());
+  if (debug_string_options.elide_oneof_body) {
+    contents->append(" ... }\n");
+  } else {
+    for (int i = 0; i < field_count(); i++) {
+      field(i)->DebugString(depth, FieldDescriptor::OMIT_LABEL, contents,
+                            debug_string_options);
+    }
+    strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0}\n", prefix);
   }
-  strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, "$0}\n", prefix);
   comment_printer.AddPostComment(contents);
 }
 
@@ -2305,7 +2386,7 @@ void EnumDescriptor::DebugString(int depth, string *contents,
   string prefix(depth * 2, ' ');
   ++depth;
 
-  SourceLocationCommentPrinter<EnumDescriptor>
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter
       comment_printer(this, prefix, debug_string_options);
   comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
 
@@ -2339,7 +2420,7 @@ void EnumValueDescriptor::DebugString(int depth, string *contents,
                                       debug_string_options) const {
   string prefix(depth * 2, ' ');
 
-  SourceLocationCommentPrinter<EnumValueDescriptor>
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter
       comment_printer(this, prefix, debug_string_options);
   comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
 
@@ -2370,7 +2451,7 @@ string ServiceDescriptor::DebugStringWithOptions(
 void ServiceDescriptor::DebugString(string *contents,
                                     const DebugStringOptions&
                                     debug_string_options) const {
-  SourceLocationCommentPrinter<ServiceDescriptor>
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter
       comment_printer(this, /* prefix */ "", debug_string_options);
   comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
 
@@ -2405,7 +2486,7 @@ void MethodDescriptor::DebugString(int depth, string *contents,
   string prefix(depth * 2, ' ');
   ++depth;
 
-  SourceLocationCommentPrinter<MethodDescriptor>
+  SourceLocationCommentPrinter
       comment_printer(this, prefix, debug_string_options);
   comment_printer.AddPreComment(contents);
 
@@ -2445,6 +2526,9 @@ bool FileDescriptor::GetSourceLocation(const vector<int>& path,
 
         out_location->leading_comments = loc->leading_comments();
         out_location->trailing_comments = loc->trailing_comments();
+        out_location->leading_detached_comments.assign(
+            loc->leading_detached_comments().begin(),
+            loc->leading_detached_comments().end());
         return true;
       }
     }
@@ -2458,7 +2542,12 @@ bool FileDescriptor::GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const {
 }
 
 bool FieldDescriptor::is_packed() const {
-  return is_packable() && (options_ != NULL) && options_->packed();
+  if (!is_packable()) return false;
+  if (file_->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2) {
+    return (options_ != NULL) && options_->packed();
+  } else {
+    return options_ == NULL || !options_->has_packed() || options_->packed();
+  }
 }
 
 bool Descriptor::GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const {
@@ -2571,7 +2660,7 @@ void MethodDescriptor::GetLocationPath(vector<int>* output) const {
 namespace {
 
 // Represents an options message to interpret. Extension names in the option
-// name are respolved relative to name_scope. element_name and orig_opt are
+// name are resolved relative to name_scope. element_name and orig_opt are
 // used only for error reporting (since the parser records locations against
 // pointers in the original options, not the mutable copy). The Message must be
 // one of the Options messages in descriptor.proto.
@@ -2797,6 +2886,9 @@ class DescriptorBuilder {
   void BuildExtensionRange(const DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange& proto,
                            const Descriptor* parent,
                            Descriptor::ExtensionRange* result);
+  void BuildReservedRange(const DescriptorProto::ReservedRange& proto,
+                           const Descriptor* parent,
+                           Descriptor::ReservedRange* result);
   void BuildOneof(const OneofDescriptorProto& proto,
                   Descriptor* parent,
                   OneofDescriptor* result);
@@ -3697,7 +3789,6 @@ const FileDescriptor* DescriptorBuilder::BuildFile(
              "Unrecognized syntax: " + proto.syntax());
   }
 
-
   result->name_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.name());
   if (proto.has_package()) {
     result->package_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.package());
@@ -3888,6 +3979,17 @@ void DescriptorBuilder::BuildMessage(const DescriptorProto& proto,
   BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, enum_type      , BuildEnum          , result);
   BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, extension_range, BuildExtensionRange, result);
   BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, extension      , BuildExtension     , result);
+  BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, reserved_range , BuildReservedRange , result);
+
+  // Copy reserved names.
+  int reserved_name_count = proto.reserved_name_size();
+  result->reserved_name_count_ = reserved_name_count;
+  result->reserved_names_ =
+      tables_->AllocateArray<const string*>(reserved_name_count);
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_name_count; ++i) {
+    result->reserved_names_[i] =
+        tables_->AllocateString(proto.reserved_name(i));
+  }
 
   // Copy options.
   if (!proto.has_options()) {
@@ -3899,7 +4001,34 @@ void DescriptorBuilder::BuildMessage(const DescriptorProto& proto,
   AddSymbol(result->full_name(), parent, result->name(),
             proto, Symbol(result));
 
-  // Check that no fields have numbers in extension ranges.
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto.reserved_range_size(); i++) {
+    const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& range1 = proto.reserved_range(i);
+    for (int j = i + 1; j < proto.reserved_range_size(); j++) {
+      const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& range2 = proto.reserved_range(j);
+      if (range1.end() > range2.start() && range2.end() > range1.start()) {
+        AddError(result->full_name(), proto.reserved_range(i),
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+                 strings::Substitute("Reserved range $0 to $1 overlaps with "
+                                     "already-defined range $2 to $3.",
+                                     range2.start(), range2.end() - 1,
+                                     range1.start(), range1.end() - 1));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  hash_set<string> reserved_name_set;
+  for (int i = 0; i < proto.reserved_name_size(); i++) {
+    const string& name = proto.reserved_name(i);
+    if (reserved_name_set.find(name) == reserved_name_set.end()) {
+      reserved_name_set.insert(name);
+    } else {
+      AddError(name, proto, DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               strings::Substitute(
+                 "Field name \"$0\" is reserved multiple times.",
+                 name));
+    }
+  }
+
   for (int i = 0; i < result->field_count(); i++) {
     const FieldDescriptor* field = result->field(i);
     for (int j = 0; j < result->extension_range_count(); j++) {
@@ -3913,11 +4042,39 @@ void DescriptorBuilder::BuildMessage(const DescriptorProto& proto,
                    field->name(), field->number()));
       }
     }
+    for (int j = 0; j < result->reserved_range_count(); j++) {
+      const Descriptor::ReservedRange* range = result->reserved_range(j);
+      if (range->start <= field->number() && field->number() < range->end) {
+        AddError(field->full_name(), proto.reserved_range(j),
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+                 strings::Substitute(
+                   "Field \"$0\" uses reserved number $1.",
+                   field->name(), field->number()));
+      }
+    }
+    if (reserved_name_set.find(field->name()) != reserved_name_set.end()) {
+      AddError(field->full_name(), proto.field(i),
+               DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               strings::Substitute(
+                 "Field name \"$0\" is reserved.", field->name()));
+    }
   }
 
-  // Check that extension ranges don't overlap.
+  // Check that extension ranges don't overlap and don't include
+  // reserved field numbers.
   for (int i = 0; i < result->extension_range_count(); i++) {
     const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range1 = result->extension_range(i);
+    for (int j = 0; j < result->reserved_range_count(); j++) {
+      const Descriptor::ReservedRange* range2 = result->reserved_range(j);
+      if (range1->end > range2->start && range2->end > range1->start) {
+        AddError(result->full_name(), proto.extension_range(j),
+                 DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+                 strings::Substitute("Extension range $0 to $1 overlaps with "
+                                     "reserved range $2 to $3.",
+                                     range1->start, range1->end - 1,
+                                     range2->start, range2->end - 1));
+      }
+    }
     for (int j = i + 1; j < result->extension_range_count(); j++) {
       const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range2 = result->extension_range(j);
       if (range1->end > range2->start && range2->end > range1->start) {
@@ -4230,6 +4387,19 @@ void DescriptorBuilder::BuildExtensionRange(
   }
 }
 
+void DescriptorBuilder::BuildReservedRange(
+    const DescriptorProto::ReservedRange& proto,
+    const Descriptor* parent,
+    Descriptor::ReservedRange* result) {
+  result->start = proto.start();
+  result->end = proto.end();
+  if (result->start <= 0) {
+    AddError(parent->full_name(), proto,
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NUMBER,
+             "Reserved numbers must be positive integers.");
+  }
+}
+
 void DescriptorBuilder::BuildOneof(const OneofDescriptorProto& proto,
                                    Descriptor* parent,
                                    OneofDescriptor* result) {
@@ -4471,6 +4641,23 @@ void DescriptorBuilder::CrossLinkMessage(
   for (int i = 0; i < message->field_count(); i++) {
     const OneofDescriptor* oneof_decl = message->field(i)->containing_oneof();
     if (oneof_decl != NULL) {
+      // Make sure fields belonging to the same oneof are defined consecutively.
+      // This enables optimizations in codegens and reflection libraries to
+      // skip fields in the oneof group, as only one of the field can be set.
+      // Note that field_count() returns how many fields in this oneof we have
+      // seen so far. field_count() > 0 guarantees that i > 0, so field(i-1) is
+      // safe.
+      if (oneof_decl->field_count() > 0 &&
+          message->field(i - 1)->containing_oneof() != oneof_decl) {
+        AddWarning(
+            message->full_name() + "." + message->field(i - 1)->name(),
+            proto.field(i - 1), DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::OTHER,
+            strings::Substitute(
+                "Fields in the same oneof must be defined consecutively. "
+                "\"$0\" cannot be defined before the completion of the "
+                "\"$1\" oneof definition.",
+                message->field(i - 1)->name(), oneof_decl->name()));
+      }
       // Must go through oneof_decls_ array to get a non-const version of the
       // OneofDescriptor.
       ++message->oneof_decls_[oneof_decl->index()].field_count_;
@@ -4901,6 +5088,12 @@ void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateProto3Field(
              field->containing_type()->full_name() +
              "\" which is a proto3 message type.");
   }
+  bool allow_groups = false;
+  if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP && !allow_groups) {
+    AddError(field->full_name(), proto,
+             DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::TYPE,
+             "Groups are not supported in proto3 syntax.");
+  }
 }
 
 void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateProto3Enum(
@@ -5110,7 +5303,7 @@ bool DescriptorBuilder::ValidateMapEntry(FieldDescriptor* field,
     case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64:
       // Legal cases
       break;
-    // Do not add a default, so that the compiler will complian when new types
+    // Do not add a default, so that the compiler will complain when new types
     // are added.
   }
 
@@ -5123,7 +5316,7 @@ void DescriptorBuilder::DetectMapConflicts(const Descriptor* message,
   for (int i = 0; i < message->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
     const Descriptor* nested = message->nested_type(i);
     pair<map<string, const Descriptor*>::iterator, bool> result =
-        seen_types.insert(make_pair(nested->name(), nested));
+        seen_types.insert(std::make_pair(nested->name(), nested));
     if (!result.second) {
       if (result.first->second->options().map_entry() ||
           nested->options().map_entry()) {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.h b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.h
index 52df47f3..ca87d634 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.h
@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 
+// TYPE_BOOL is defined in the MacOS's ConditionalMacros.h.
+#ifdef TYPE_BOOL
+#undef TYPE_BOOL
+#endif  // TYPE_BOOL
 
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
@@ -117,8 +121,10 @@ struct SourceLocation {
   int end_column;
 
   // Doc comments found at the source location.
+  // See the comments in SourceCodeInfo.Location (descriptor.proto) for details.
   string leading_comments;
   string trailing_comments;
+  vector<string> leading_detached_comments;
 };
 
 // Options when generating machine-parsable output from a descriptor with
@@ -129,10 +135,14 @@ struct DebugStringOptions {
   // example, the C++ code generation for fields in the proto compiler) rely on
   // DebugString() output being unobstructed by user comments.
   bool include_comments;
+  // If true, elide the braced body in the debug string.
+  bool elide_group_body;
+  bool elide_oneof_body;
 
   DebugStringOptions()
-      : include_comments(false)
-  {}
+      : include_comments(false),
+        elide_group_body(false),
+        elide_oneof_body(false) {}
 };
 
 // Describes a type of protocol message, or a particular group within a
@@ -292,6 +302,36 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Descriptor {
   // this message type's scope.
   const FieldDescriptor* FindExtensionByCamelcaseName(const string& name) const;
 
+  // Reserved fields -------------------------------------------------
+
+  // A range of reserved field numbers.
+  struct ReservedRange {
+    int start;  // inclusive
+    int end;    // exclusive
+  };
+
+  // The number of reserved ranges in this message type.
+  int reserved_range_count() const;
+  // Gets an reserved range by index, where 0 <= index <
+  // reserved_range_count(). These are returned in the order they were defined
+  // in the .proto file.
+  const ReservedRange* reserved_range(int index) const;
+
+  // Returns true if the number is in one of the reserved ranges.
+  bool IsReservedNumber(int number) const;
+
+  // Returns NULL if no reserved range contains the given number.
+  const ReservedRange* FindReservedRangeContainingNumber(int number) const;
+
+  // The number of reserved field names in this message type.
+  int reserved_name_count() const;
+
+  // Gets a reserved name by index, where 0 <= index < reserved_name_count().
+  const string& reserved_name(int index) const;
+
+  // Returns true if the field name is reserved.
+  bool IsReservedName(const string& name) const;
+
   // Source Location ---------------------------------------------------
 
   // Updates |*out_location| to the source location of the complete
@@ -312,7 +352,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Descriptor {
 
   // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
   // to this descriptor from the file root.
-  void GetLocationPath(vector<int>* output) const;
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
 
   const string* name_;
   const string* full_name_;
@@ -337,6 +377,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Descriptor {
   ExtensionRange* extension_ranges_;
   int extension_count_;
   FieldDescriptor* extensions_;
+  int reserved_range_count_;
+  ReservedRange* reserved_ranges_;
+  int reserved_name_count_;
+  const string** reserved_names_;
   // IMPORTANT:  If you add a new field, make sure to search for all instances
   // of Allocate<Descriptor>() and AllocateArray<Descriptor>() in descriptor.cc
   // and update them to initialize the field.
@@ -594,7 +638,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldDescriptor {
 
   // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
   // to this descriptor from the file root.
-  void GetLocationPath(vector<int>* output) const;
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
 
   const string* name_;
   const string* full_name_;
@@ -688,7 +732,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofDescriptor {
 
   // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
   // to this descriptor from the file root.
-  void GetLocationPath(vector<int>* output) const;
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
 
   const string* name_;
   const string* full_name_;
@@ -790,7 +834,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumDescriptor {
 
   // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
   // to this descriptor from the file root.
-  void GetLocationPath(vector<int>* output) const;
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
 
   const string* name_;
   const string* full_name_;
@@ -874,7 +918,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueDescriptor {
 
   // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
   // to this descriptor from the file root.
-  void GetLocationPath(vector<int>* output) const;
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
 
   const string* name_;
   const string* full_name_;
@@ -949,7 +993,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceDescriptor {
 
   // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
   // to this descriptor from the file root.
-  void GetLocationPath(vector<int>* output) const;
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
 
   const string* name_;
   const string* full_name_;
@@ -1028,7 +1072,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodDescriptor {
 
   // Walks up the descriptor tree to generate the source location path
   // to this descriptor from the file root.
-  void GetLocationPath(vector<int>* output) const;
+  void GetLocationPath(std::vector<int>* output) const;
 
   const string* name_;
   const string* full_name_;
@@ -1173,17 +1217,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptor {
   // this file declaration (namely, the empty path).
   bool GetSourceLocation(SourceLocation* out_location) const;
 
- private:
-  // Source Location ---------------------------------------------------
-
   // Updates |*out_location| to the source location of the complete
   // extent of the declaration or declaration-part denoted by |path|.
   // Returns false and leaves |*out_location| unchanged iff location
   // information was not available.  (See SourceCodeInfo for
   // description of path encoding.)
-  bool GetSourceLocation(const vector<int>& path,
+  bool GetSourceLocation(const std::vector<int>& path,
                          SourceLocation* out_location) const;
 
+ private:
   typedef FileOptions OptionsType;
 
   const string* name_;
@@ -1326,7 +1368,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorPool {
   // found: extensions defined in the fallback database might not be found
   // depending on the database implementation.
   void FindAllExtensions(const Descriptor* extendee,
-                         vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* out) const;
+                         std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* out) const;
 
   // Building descriptors --------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1563,6 +1605,12 @@ PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, extension_range,
                                const Descriptor::ExtensionRange*)
 PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, extension,
                                const FieldDescriptor*)
+
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, reserved_range_count, int)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, reserved_range,
+                               const Descriptor::ReservedRange*)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, reserved_name_count, int)
+
 PROTOBUF_DEFINE_OPTIONS_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, MessageOptions);
 PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(Descriptor, is_placeholder, bool)
 
@@ -1663,6 +1711,25 @@ inline bool Descriptor::IsExtensionNumber(int number) const {
   return FindExtensionRangeContainingNumber(number) != NULL;
 }
 
+inline bool Descriptor::IsReservedNumber(int number) const {
+  return FindReservedRangeContainingNumber(number) != NULL;
+}
+
+inline bool Descriptor::IsReservedName(const string& name) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < reserved_name_count(); i++) {
+    if (name == reserved_name(i)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Can't use PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ARRAY_ACCESSOR because reserved_names_ is actually
+// an array of pointers rather than the usual array of objects.
+inline const string& Descriptor::reserved_name(int index) const {
+  return *reserved_names_[index];
+}
+
 inline bool FieldDescriptor::is_required() const {
   return label() == LABEL_REQUIRED;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc
index 97121fa9..5e7eeaa7 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
 const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_descriptor_ = NULL;
 const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
   DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_reflection_ = NULL;
 const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FieldDescriptorProto_descriptor_ = NULL;
 const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
   FieldDescriptorProto_reflection_ = NULL;
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FieldOptions_descriptor_ = NULL;
 const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
   FieldOptions_reflection_ = NULL;
 const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* FieldOptions_CType_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor_ = NULL;
 const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* EnumOptions_descriptor_ = NULL;
 const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
   EnumOptions_reflection_ = NULL;
@@ -140,7 +144,7 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
       -1);
   DescriptorProto_descriptor_ = file->message_type(2);
-  static const int DescriptorProto_offsets_[8] = {
+  static const int DescriptorProto_offsets_[10] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, name_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, field_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, extension_),
@@ -149,6 +153,8 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, extension_range_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, oneof_decl_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, options_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, reserved_range_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, reserved_name_),
   };
   DescriptorProto_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
@@ -177,6 +183,22 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
       sizeof(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange),
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange, _internal_metadata_),
       -1);
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_descriptor_ = DescriptorProto_descriptor_->nested_type(1);
+  static const int DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_offsets_[2] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange, start_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange, end_),
+  };
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_descriptor_,
+      DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_,
+      DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_offsets_,
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange, _has_bits_[0]),
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange, _internal_metadata_),
+      -1);
   FieldDescriptorProto_descriptor_ = file->message_type(3);
   static const int FieldDescriptorProto_offsets_[9] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldDescriptorProto, name_),
@@ -289,7 +311,7 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MethodDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
       -1);
   FileOptions_descriptor_ = file->message_type(9);
-  static const int FileOptions_offsets_[13] = {
+  static const int FileOptions_offsets_[16] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, java_package_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, java_outer_classname_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, java_multiple_files_),
@@ -302,6 +324,9 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, py_generic_services_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, deprecated_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, cc_enable_arenas_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, objc_class_prefix_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, csharp_namespace_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, javanano_use_deprecated_package_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, uninterpreted_option_),
   };
   FileOptions_reflection_ =
@@ -336,9 +361,10 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MessageOptions, _internal_metadata_),
       -1);
   FieldOptions_descriptor_ = file->message_type(11);
-  static const int FieldOptions_offsets_[6] = {
+  static const int FieldOptions_offsets_[7] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, ctype_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, packed_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, jstype_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, lazy_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, deprecated_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, weak_),
@@ -356,6 +382,7 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, _internal_metadata_),
       -1);
   FieldOptions_CType_descriptor_ = FieldOptions_descriptor_->enum_type(0);
+  FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor_ = FieldOptions_descriptor_->enum_type(1);
   EnumOptions_descriptor_ = file->message_type(12);
   static const int EnumOptions_offsets_[3] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumOptions, allow_alias_),
@@ -474,11 +501,12 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo, _internal_metadata_),
       -1);
   SourceCodeInfo_Location_descriptor_ = SourceCodeInfo_descriptor_->nested_type(0);
-  static const int SourceCodeInfo_Location_offsets_[4] = {
+  static const int SourceCodeInfo_Location_offsets_[5] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo_Location, path_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo_Location, span_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo_Location, leading_comments_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo_Location, trailing_comments_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo_Location, leading_detached_comments_),
   };
   SourceCodeInfo_Location_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
@@ -512,6 +540,8 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
       DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_descriptor_, &DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_descriptor_, &DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
       FieldDescriptorProto_descriptor_, &FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
       OneofDescriptorProto_descriptor_, &OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance());
@@ -558,6 +588,8 @@ void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   delete DescriptorProto_reflection_;
   delete DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance_;
   delete DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_reflection_;
+  delete DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_;
+  delete DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_reflection_;
   delete FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
   delete FieldDescriptorProto_reflection_;
   delete OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
@@ -616,7 +648,7 @@ void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
     "\022-\n\007options\030\010 \001(\0132\034.google.protobuf.File"
     "Options\0229\n\020source_code_info\030\t \001(\0132\037.goog"
     "le.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo\022\016\n\006syntax\030\014 \001"
-    "(\t\"\344\003\n\017DescriptorProto\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\0224\n\005"
+    "(\t\"\360\004\n\017DescriptorProto\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\0224\n\005"
     "field\030\002 \003(\0132%.google.protobuf.FieldDescr"
     "iptorProto\0228\n\textension\030\006 \003(\0132%.google.p"
     "rotobuf.FieldDescriptorProto\0225\n\013nested_t"
@@ -627,100 +659,112 @@ void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
     "ExtensionRange\0229\n\noneof_decl\030\010 \003(\0132%.goo"
     "gle.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto\0220\n\007opt"
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-    "\001\n\016MessageOptions\022&\n\027message_set_wire_fo"
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-    "\n\010NamePart\022\021\n\tname_part\030\001 \002(\t\022\024\n\014is_exte"
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-    " \001(\t\022\031\n\021trailing_comments\030\004 \001(\tB)\n\023com.g"
-    "oogle.protobufB\020DescriptorProtosH\001", 4554);
+    "ons\022F\n\016reserved_range\030\t \003(\0132..google.pro"
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+    " \001(\005\022:\n\005label\030\004 \001(\0162+.google.protobuf.Fi"
+    "eldDescriptorProto.Label\0228\n\004type\030\005 \001(\0162*"
+    ".google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Ty"
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+    "\001(\005\022.\n\007options\030\010 \001(\0132\035.google.protobuf.F"
+    "ieldOptions\"\266\002\n\004Type\022\017\n\013TYPE_DOUBLE\020\001\022\016\n"
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+    "NT64\020\004\022\016\n\nTYPE_INT32\020\005\022\020\n\014TYPE_FIXED64\020\006"
+    "\022\020\n\014TYPE_FIXED32\020\007\022\r\n\tTYPE_BOOL\020\010\022\017\n\013TYP"
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+    "GE\020\013\022\016\n\nTYPE_BYTES\020\014\022\017\n\013TYPE_UINT32\020\r\022\r\n"
+    "\tTYPE_ENUM\020\016\022\021\n\rTYPE_SFIXED32\020\017\022\021\n\rTYPE_"
+    "SFIXED64\020\020\022\017\n\013TYPE_SINT32\020\021\022\017\n\013TYPE_SINT"
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+    "s\022\037\n\020client_streaming\030\005 \001(\010:\005false\022\037\n\020se"
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+    "ons\022\024\n\014java_package\030\001 \001(\t\022\034\n\024java_outer_"
+    "classname\030\010 \001(\t\022\"\n\023java_multiple_files\030\n"
+    " \001(\010:\005false\022,\n\035java_generate_equals_and_"
+    "hash\030\024 \001(\010:\005false\022%\n\026java_string_check_u"
+    "tf8\030\033 \001(\010:\005false\022F\n\014optimize_for\030\t \001(\0162)"
+    ".google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMod"
+    "e:\005SPEED\022\022\n\ngo_package\030\013 \001(\t\022\"\n\023cc_gener"
+    "ic_services\030\020 \001(\010:\005false\022$\n\025java_generic"
+    "_services\030\021 \001(\010:\005false\022\"\n\023py_generic_ser"
+    "vices\030\022 \001(\010:\005false\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030\027 \001(\010:\005"
+    "false\022\037\n\020cc_enable_arenas\030\037 \001(\010:\005false\022\031"
+    "\n\021objc_class_prefix\030$ \001(\t\022\030\n\020csharp_name"
+    "space\030% \001(\t\022\'\n\037javanano_use_deprecated_p"
+    "ackage\030& \001(\010\022C\n\024uninterpreted_option\030\347\007 "
+    "\003(\0132$.google.protobuf.UninterpretedOptio"
+    "n\":\n\014OptimizeMode\022\t\n\005SPEED\020\001\022\r\n\tCODE_SIZ"
+    "E\020\002\022\020\n\014LITE_RUNTIME\020\003*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"\346\001\n\016Mes"
+    "sageOptions\022&\n\027message_set_wire_format\030\001"
+    " \001(\010:\005false\022.\n\037no_standard_descriptor_ac"
+    "cessor\030\002 \001(\010:\005false\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030\003 \001(\010:"
+    "\005false\022\021\n\tmap_entry\030\007 \001(\010\022C\n\024uninterpret"
+    "ed_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.google.protobuf.Unint"
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+    "dOptions.CType:\006STRING\022\016\n\006packed\030\002 \001(\010\022\?"
+    "\n\006jstype\030\006 \001(\0162$.google.protobuf.FieldOp"
+    "tions.JSType:\tJS_NORMAL\022\023\n\004lazy\030\005 \001(\010:\005f"
+    "alse\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030\003 \001(\010:\005false\022\023\n\004weak\030"
+    "\n \001(\010:\005false\022C\n\024uninterpreted_option\030\347\007 "
+    "\003(\0132$.google.protobuf.UninterpretedOptio"
+    "n\"/\n\005CType\022\n\n\006STRING\020\000\022\010\n\004CORD\020\001\022\020\n\014STRI"
+    "NG_PIECE\020\002\"5\n\006JSType\022\r\n\tJS_NORMAL\020\000\022\r\n\tJ"
+    "S_STRING\020\001\022\r\n\tJS_NUMBER\020\002*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"\215\001\n"
+    "\013EnumOptions\022\023\n\013allow_alias\030\002 \001(\010\022\031\n\ndep"
+    "recated\030\003 \001(\010:\005false\022C\n\024uninterpreted_op"
+    "tion\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.google.protobuf.Uninterpre"
+    "tedOption*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"}\n\020EnumValueOptions"
+    "\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030\001 \001(\010:\005false\022C\n\024uninterpr"
+    "eted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.google.protobuf.Uni"
+    "nterpretedOption*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"{\n\016ServiceOp"
+    "tions\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030! \001(\010:\005false\022C\n\024unin"
+    "terpreted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.google.protobu"
+    "f.UninterpretedOption*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"z\n\rMeth"
+    "odOptions\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030! \001(\010:\005false\022C\n\024"
+    "uninterpreted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.google.pro"
+    "tobuf.UninterpretedOption*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"\236\002\n"
+    "\023UninterpretedOption\022;\n\004name\030\002 \003(\0132-.goo"
+    "gle.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePar"
+    "t\022\030\n\020identifier_value\030\003 \001(\t\022\032\n\022positive_"
+    "int_value\030\004 \001(\004\022\032\n\022negative_int_value\030\005 "
+    "\001(\003\022\024\n\014double_value\030\006 \001(\001\022\024\n\014string_valu"
+    "e\030\007 \001(\014\022\027\n\017aggregate_value\030\010 \001(\t\0323\n\010Name"
+    "Part\022\021\n\tname_part\030\001 \002(\t\022\024\n\014is_extension\030"
+    "\002 \002(\010\"\325\001\n\016SourceCodeInfo\022:\n\010location\030\001 \003"
+    "(\0132(.google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Loca"
+    "tion\032\206\001\n\010Location\022\020\n\004path\030\001 \003(\005B\002\020\001\022\020\n\004s"
+    "pan\030\002 \003(\005B\002\020\001\022\030\n\020leading_comments\030\003 \001(\t\022"
+    "\031\n\021trailing_comments\030\004 \001(\t\022!\n\031leading_de"
+    "tached_comments\030\006 \003(\tB[\n\023com.google.prot"
+    "obufB\020DescriptorProtosH\001Z\ndescriptor\242\002\003G"
+    "PB\252\002\032Google.Protobuf.Reflection\260\002\001", 4994);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
   FileDescriptorSet::default_instance_ = new FileDescriptorSet();
   FileDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new FileDescriptorProto();
   DescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new DescriptorProto();
   DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance_ = new DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange();
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_ = new DescriptorProto_ReservedRange();
   FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new FieldDescriptorProto();
   OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new OneofDescriptorProto();
   EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new EnumDescriptorProto();
@@ -742,6 +786,7 @@ void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   FileDescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   DescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
@@ -786,7 +831,7 @@ const int FileDescriptorSet::kFileFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 FileDescriptorSet::FileDescriptorSet()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
 }
@@ -863,13 +908,15 @@ bool FileDescriptorSet::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 10) {
-         parse_file:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_file:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_file()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(10)) goto parse_file;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(10)) goto parse_loop_file;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -954,9 +1001,9 @@ int FileDescriptorSet::ByteSize() const {
 
 void FileDescriptorSet::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const FileDescriptorSet* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const FileDescriptorSet*>(
-      &from);
+  const FileDescriptorSet* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FileDescriptorSet>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -1009,6 +1056,40 @@ void FileDescriptorSet::InternalSwap(FileDescriptorSet* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// FileDescriptorSet
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
+int FileDescriptorSet::file_size() const {
+  return file_.size();
+}
+void FileDescriptorSet::clear_file() {
+  file_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorSet::file(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet.file)
+  return file_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorSet::mutable_file(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet.file)
+  return file_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorSet::add_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet.file)
+  return file_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto >&
+FileDescriptorSet::file() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet.file)
+  return file_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto >*
+FileDescriptorSet::mutable_file() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet.file)
+  return &file_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -1028,7 +1109,7 @@ const int FileDescriptorProto::kSyntaxFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 FileDescriptorProto::FileDescriptorProto()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
 }
@@ -1098,7 +1179,7 @@ FileDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
 }
 
 void FileDescriptorProto::Clear() {
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3u) {
     if (has_name()) {
       name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
@@ -1106,7 +1187,7 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::Clear() {
       package_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
   }
-  if (_has_bits_[8 / 32] & 3584) {
+  if (_has_bits_[8 / 32] & 3584u) {
     if (has_options()) {
       if (options_ != NULL) options_->::google::protobuf::FileOptions::Clear();
     }
@@ -1196,54 +1277,63 @@ bool FileDescriptorProto::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 4: {
         if (tag == 34) {
          parse_message_type:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_message_type:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_message_type()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(34)) goto parse_message_type;
-        if (input->ExpectTag(42)) goto parse_enum_type;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(34)) goto parse_loop_message_type;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(42)) goto parse_loop_enum_type;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         break;
       }
 
       // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
       case 5: {
         if (tag == 42) {
-         parse_enum_type:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_enum_type:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_enum_type()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(42)) goto parse_enum_type;
-        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_service;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(42)) goto parse_loop_enum_type;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_loop_service;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         break;
       }
 
       // repeated .google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
       case 6: {
         if (tag == 50) {
-         parse_service:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_service:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_service()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_service;
-        if (input->ExpectTag(58)) goto parse_extension;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_loop_service;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(58)) goto parse_loop_extension;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         break;
       }
 
       // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
       case 7: {
         if (tag == 58) {
-         parse_extension:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_extension:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_extension()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(58)) goto parse_extension;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(58)) goto parse_loop_extension;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectTag(66)) goto parse_options;
         break;
       }
@@ -1560,7 +1650,7 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int FileDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
     if (has_name()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -1576,7 +1666,7 @@ int FileDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
     }
 
   }
-  if (_has_bits_[9 / 32] & 3584) {
+  if (_has_bits_[9 / 32] & 3584u) {
     // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions options = 8;
     if (has_options()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -1671,9 +1761,9 @@ int FileDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
 void FileDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const FileDescriptorProto* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const FileDescriptorProto*>(
-      &from);
+  const FileDescriptorProto* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FileDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -1771,6 +1861,489 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(FileDescriptorProto* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// FileDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+bool FileDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_name();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FileDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  set_has_name();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  clear_has_name();
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    set_has_name();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_name();
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// optional string package = 2;
+bool FileDescriptorProto::has_package() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_has_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_has_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_package() {
+  package_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_package();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FileDescriptorProto::package() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+  return package_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_package();
+  package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(const char* value) {
+  set_has_package();
+  package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_package();
+  package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+}
+ ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_package() {
+  set_has_package();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+  return package_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::release_package() {
+  clear_has_package();
+  return package_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_package(::std::string* package) {
+  if (package != NULL) {
+    set_has_package();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_package();
+  }
+  package_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), package);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
+}
+
+// repeated string dependency = 3;
+int FileDescriptorProto::dependency_size() const {
+  return dependency_.size();
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_dependency() {
+  dependency_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FileDescriptorProto::dependency(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+  return dependency_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_dependency(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+  return dependency_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+  dependency_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, const char* value) {
+  dependency_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  dependency_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+}
+ ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency() {
+  return dependency_.Add();
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(const ::std::string& value) {
+  dependency_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(const char* value) {
+  dependency_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  dependency_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+FileDescriptorProto::dependency() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+  return dependency_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_dependency() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
+  return &dependency_;
+}
+
+// repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;
+int FileDescriptorProto::public_dependency_size() const {
+  return public_dependency_.size();
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_public_dependency() {
+  public_dependency_.Clear();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 FileDescriptorProto::public_dependency(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
+  return public_dependency_.Get(index);
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_public_dependency(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  public_dependency_.Set(index, value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::add_public_dependency(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  public_dependency_.Add(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+FileDescriptorProto::public_dependency() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
+  return public_dependency_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_public_dependency() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
+  return &public_dependency_;
+}
+
+// repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;
+int FileDescriptorProto::weak_dependency_size() const {
+  return weak_dependency_.size();
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_weak_dependency() {
+  weak_dependency_.Clear();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 FileDescriptorProto::weak_dependency(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
+  return weak_dependency_.Get(index);
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_weak_dependency(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  weak_dependency_.Set(index, value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::add_weak_dependency(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  weak_dependency_.Add(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+FileDescriptorProto::weak_dependency() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
+  return weak_dependency_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_weak_dependency() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
+  return &weak_dependency_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
+int FileDescriptorProto::message_type_size() const {
+  return message_type_.size();
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_message_type() {
+  message_type_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::message_type(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.message_type)
+  return message_type_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_message_type(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.message_type)
+  return message_type_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::add_message_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.message_type)
+  return message_type_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto >&
+FileDescriptorProto::message_type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.message_type)
+  return message_type_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto >*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_message_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.message_type)
+  return &message_type_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
+int FileDescriptorProto::enum_type_size() const {
+  return enum_type_.size();
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_enum_type() {
+  enum_type_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::enum_type(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return enum_type_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_enum_type(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return enum_type_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::add_enum_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return enum_type_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto >&
+FileDescriptorProto::enum_type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return enum_type_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto >*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_enum_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return &enum_type_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
+int FileDescriptorProto::service_size() const {
+  return service_.size();
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_service() {
+  service_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::service(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.service)
+  return service_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_service(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.service)
+  return service_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::add_service() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.service)
+  return service_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto >&
+FileDescriptorProto::service() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.service)
+  return service_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto >*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_service() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.service)
+  return &service_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
+int FileDescriptorProto::extension_size() const {
+  return extension_.size();
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_extension() {
+  extension_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::extension(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.extension)
+  return extension_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_extension(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.extension)
+  return extension_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::add_extension() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.extension)
+  return extension_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >&
+FileDescriptorProto::extension() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.extension)
+  return extension_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >*
+FileDescriptorProto::mutable_extension() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.extension)
+  return &extension_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions options = 8;
+bool FileDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000200u) != 0;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000200u;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != NULL) options_->::google::protobuf::FileOptions::Clear();
+  clear_has_options();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::FileOptions& FileDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FileOptions* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  set_has_options();
+  if (options_ == NULL) {
+    options_ = new ::google::protobuf::FileOptions;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FileOptions* FileDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  clear_has_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::FileOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::FileOptions* options) {
+  delete options_;
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    set_has_options();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_options();
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;
+bool FileDescriptorProto::has_source_code_info() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000400u) != 0;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_has_source_code_info() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000400u;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_has_source_code_info() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000400u;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_source_code_info() {
+  if (source_code_info_ != NULL) source_code_info_->::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo::Clear();
+  clear_has_source_code_info();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo& FileDescriptorProto::source_code_info() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.source_code_info)
+  return source_code_info_ != NULL ? *source_code_info_ : *default_instance_->source_code_info_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_source_code_info() {
+  set_has_source_code_info();
+  if (source_code_info_ == NULL) {
+    source_code_info_ = new ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.source_code_info)
+  return source_code_info_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* FileDescriptorProto::release_source_code_info() {
+  clear_has_source_code_info();
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* temp = source_code_info_;
+  source_code_info_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_source_code_info(::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info) {
+  delete source_code_info_;
+  source_code_info_ = source_code_info;
+  if (source_code_info) {
+    set_has_source_code_info();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_source_code_info();
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.source_code_info)
+}
+
+// optional string syntax = 12;
+bool FileDescriptorProto::has_syntax() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000800u) != 0;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_has_syntax() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000800u;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_has_syntax() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000800u;
+}
+void FileDescriptorProto::clear_syntax() {
+  syntax_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_syntax();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FileDescriptorProto::syntax() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+  return syntax_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_syntax();
+  syntax_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(const char* value) {
+  set_has_syntax();
+  syntax_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_syntax();
+  syntax_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+}
+ ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_syntax() {
+  set_has_syntax();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+  return syntax_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::release_syntax() {
+  clear_has_syntax();
+  return syntax_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_syntax(::std::string* syntax) {
+  if (syntax != NULL) {
+    set_has_syntax();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_syntax();
+  }
+  syntax_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), syntax);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -1780,7 +2353,7 @@ const int DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::kEndFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
 }
@@ -1839,19 +2412,17 @@ DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::New(::google::pr
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::Clear() {
-#define OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(f) (reinterpret_cast<char*>(      \
-  &reinterpret_cast<DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange*>(16)->f) - \
-   reinterpret_cast<char*>(16))
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange*>(16)->f)
 
-#define ZR_(first, last) do {                              \
-    size_t f = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(first);                    \
-    size_t n = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(last) - f + sizeof(last);  \
-    ::memset(&first, 0, n);                                \
-  } while (0)
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&first, 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
 
   ZR_(start_, end_);
 
-#undef OFFSET_OF_FIELD_
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
 #undef ZR_
 
   ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
@@ -1965,7 +2536,7 @@ void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3u) {
     // optional int32 start = 1;
     if (has_start()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -1994,9 +2565,9 @@ int DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::ByteSize() const {
 
 void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange*>(
-      &from);
+  const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -2060,6 +2631,289 @@ void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::InternalSwap(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::kStartFieldNumber;
+const int DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::kEndFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+}
+
+DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::SharedCtor() {
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  start_ = 0;
+  end_ = 0;
+  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+}
+
+DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::~DescriptorProto_ReservedRange() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* n = new DescriptorProto_ReservedRange;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::Clear() {
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<DescriptorProto_ReservedRange*>(16)->f)
+
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&first, 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
+
+  ZR_(start_, end_);
+
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
+#undef ZR_
+
+  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
+    mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
+  }
+}
+
+bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional int32 start = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 8) {
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
+                 input, &start_)));
+          set_has_start();
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(16)) goto parse_end;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional int32 end = 2;
+      case 2: {
+        if (tag == 16) {
+         parse_end:
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
+                 input, &end_)));
+          set_has_end();
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SkipField(
+              input, tag, mutable_unknown_fields()));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  // optional int32 start = 1;
+  if (has_start()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(1, this->start(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 end = 2;
+  if (has_end()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(2, this->end(), output);
+  }
+
+  if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFields(
+        unknown_fields(), output);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  // optional int32 start = 1;
+  if (has_start()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(1, this->start(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 end = 2;
+  if (has_end()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(2, this->end(), target);
+  }
+
+  if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
+        unknown_fields(), target);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3u) {
+    // optional int32 start = 1;
+    if (has_start()) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->start());
+    }
+
+    // optional int32 end = 2;
+    if (has_end()) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+          this->end());
+    }
+
+  }
+  if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+        unknown_fields());
+  }
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
+    if (from.has_start()) {
+      set_start(from.start());
+    }
+    if (from.has_end()) {
+      set_end(from.end());
+    }
+  }
+  if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
+    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+  }
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::CopyFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::Swap(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::InternalSwap(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* other) {
+  std::swap(start_, other->start_);
+  std::swap(end_, other->end_);
+  std::swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
 const int DescriptorProto::kNameFieldNumber;
 const int DescriptorProto::kFieldFieldNumber;
 const int DescriptorProto::kExtensionFieldNumber;
@@ -2068,10 +2922,12 @@ const int DescriptorProto::kEnumTypeFieldNumber;
 const int DescriptorProto::kExtensionRangeFieldNumber;
 const int DescriptorProto::kOneofDeclFieldNumber;
 const int DescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber;
+const int DescriptorProto::kReservedRangeFieldNumber;
+const int DescriptorProto::kReservedNameFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 DescriptorProto::DescriptorProto()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
 }
@@ -2134,7 +2990,7 @@ DescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto::Clear() {
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 129) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 129u) {
     if (has_name()) {
       name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
@@ -2148,6 +3004,8 @@ void DescriptorProto::Clear() {
   enum_type_.Clear();
   extension_range_.Clear();
   oneof_decl_.Clear();
+  reserved_range_.Clear();
+  reserved_name_.Clear();
   ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
@@ -2184,68 +3042,79 @@ bool DescriptorProto::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 18) {
          parse_field:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_field:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_field()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_field;
-        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_nested_type;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_loop_field;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_loop_nested_type;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         break;
       }
 
       // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
       case 3: {
         if (tag == 26) {
-         parse_nested_type:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_nested_type:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_nested_type()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_nested_type;
-        if (input->ExpectTag(34)) goto parse_enum_type;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_loop_nested_type;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(34)) goto parse_loop_enum_type;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         break;
       }
 
       // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
       case 4: {
         if (tag == 34) {
-         parse_enum_type:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_enum_type:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_enum_type()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(34)) goto parse_enum_type;
-        if (input->ExpectTag(42)) goto parse_extension_range;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(34)) goto parse_loop_enum_type;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(42)) goto parse_loop_extension_range;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         break;
       }
 
       // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
       case 5: {
         if (tag == 42) {
-         parse_extension_range:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_extension_range:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_extension_range()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(42)) goto parse_extension_range;
-        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_extension;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(42)) goto parse_loop_extension_range;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_loop_extension;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         break;
       }
 
       // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
       case 6: {
         if (tag == 50) {
-         parse_extension:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_extension:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_extension()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_extension;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_loop_extension;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectTag(58)) goto parse_options;
         break;
       }
@@ -2267,12 +3136,50 @@ bool DescriptorProto::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 8: {
         if (tag == 66) {
          parse_oneof_decl:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_oneof_decl:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_oneof_decl()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(66)) goto parse_oneof_decl;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(66)) goto parse_loop_oneof_decl;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(74)) goto parse_loop_reserved_range;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+      case 9: {
+        if (tag == 74) {
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_reserved_range:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+                input, add_reserved_range()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(74)) goto parse_loop_reserved_range;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        if (input->ExpectTag(82)) goto parse_reserved_name;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+      case 10: {
+        if (tag == 82) {
+         parse_reserved_name:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->add_reserved_name()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->reserved_name(this->reserved_name_size() - 1).data(),
+            this->reserved_name(this->reserved_name_size() - 1).length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(82)) goto parse_reserved_name;
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -2354,6 +3261,22 @@ void DescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
       8, this->oneof_decl(i), output);
   }
 
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->reserved_range_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      9, this->reserved_range(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->reserved_name_size(); i++) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+    this->reserved_name(i).data(), this->reserved_name(i).length(),
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+    "google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteString(
+      10, this->reserved_name(i), output);
+  }
+
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFields(
         unknown_fields(), output);
@@ -2424,6 +3347,23 @@ void DescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
         8, this->oneof_decl(i), target);
   }
 
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->reserved_range_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        9, this->reserved_range(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->reserved_name_size(); i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->reserved_name(i).data(), this->reserved_name(i).length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name");
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteStringToArray(10, this->reserved_name(i), target);
+  }
+
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
         unknown_fields(), target);
@@ -2435,7 +3375,7 @@ void DescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int DescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 129) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 129u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
     if (has_name()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -2499,6 +3439,21 @@ int DescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
         this->oneof_decl(i));
   }
 
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+  total_size += 1 * this->reserved_range_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->reserved_range_size(); i++) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        this->reserved_range(i));
+  }
+
+  // repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+  total_size += 1 * this->reserved_name_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->reserved_name_size(); i++) {
+    total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+      this->reserved_name(i));
+  }
+
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     total_size +=
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
@@ -2512,9 +3467,9 @@ int DescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
 void DescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const DescriptorProto* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const DescriptorProto*>(
-      &from);
+  const DescriptorProto* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const DescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -2530,6 +3485,8 @@ void DescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto& from) {
   enum_type_.MergeFrom(from.enum_type_);
   extension_range_.MergeFrom(from.extension_range_);
   oneof_decl_.MergeFrom(from.oneof_decl_);
+  reserved_range_.MergeFrom(from.reserved_range_);
+  reserved_name_.MergeFrom(from.reserved_name_);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_name()) {
       set_has_name();
@@ -2581,6 +3538,8 @@ void DescriptorProto::InternalSwap(DescriptorProto* other) {
   extension_range_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->extension_range_);
   oneof_decl_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->oneof_decl_);
   std::swap(options_, other->options_);
+  reserved_range_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->reserved_range_);
+  reserved_name_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->reserved_name_);
   std::swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
   _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
   std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
@@ -2594,6 +3553,474 @@ void DescriptorProto::InternalSwap(DescriptorProto* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange
+
+// optional int32 start = 1;
+bool DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::has_start() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::set_has_start() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::clear_has_start() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::clear_start() {
+  start_ = 0;
+  clear_has_start();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::start() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.start)
+  return start_;
+}
+ void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::set_start(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  set_has_start();
+  start_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.start)
+}
+
+// optional int32 end = 2;
+bool DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::has_end() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::set_has_end() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::clear_has_end() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::clear_end() {
+  end_ = 0;
+  clear_has_end();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::end() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.end)
+  return end_;
+}
+ void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  set_has_end();
+  end_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.end)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// DescriptorProto_ReservedRange
+
+// optional int32 start = 1;
+bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::has_start() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_has_start() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::clear_has_start() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::clear_start() {
+  start_ = 0;
+  clear_has_start();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::start() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.start)
+  return start_;
+}
+ void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_start(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  set_has_start();
+  start_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.start)
+}
+
+// optional int32 end = 2;
+bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::has_end() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_has_end() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::clear_has_end() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::clear_end() {
+  end_ = 0;
+  clear_has_end();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::end() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.end)
+  return end_;
+}
+ void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  set_has_end();
+  end_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.end)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// DescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+bool DescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void DescriptorProto::set_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void DescriptorProto::clear_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void DescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_name();
+}
+ const ::std::string& DescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void DescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void DescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void DescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* DescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  set_has_name();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* DescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  clear_has_name();
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void DescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    set_has_name();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_name();
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
+int DescriptorProto::field_size() const {
+  return field_.size();
+}
+void DescriptorProto::clear_field() {
+  field_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::field(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.field)
+  return field_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::mutable_field(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.field)
+  return field_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::add_field() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.field)
+  return field_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >&
+DescriptorProto::field() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.field)
+  return field_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_field() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.field)
+  return &field_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
+int DescriptorProto::extension_size() const {
+  return extension_.size();
+}
+void DescriptorProto::clear_extension() {
+  extension_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::extension(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension)
+  return extension_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::mutable_extension(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension)
+  return extension_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::add_extension() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension)
+  return extension_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >&
+DescriptorProto::extension() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension)
+  return extension_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_extension() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension)
+  return &extension_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
+int DescriptorProto::nested_type_size() const {
+  return nested_type_.size();
+}
+void DescriptorProto::clear_nested_type() {
+  nested_type_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::nested_type(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.nested_type)
+  return nested_type_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::mutable_nested_type(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.nested_type)
+  return nested_type_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::add_nested_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.nested_type)
+  return nested_type_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto >&
+DescriptorProto::nested_type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.nested_type)
+  return nested_type_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_nested_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.nested_type)
+  return &nested_type_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
+int DescriptorProto::enum_type_size() const {
+  return enum_type_.size();
+}
+void DescriptorProto::clear_enum_type() {
+  enum_type_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::enum_type(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return enum_type_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::mutable_enum_type(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return enum_type_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::add_enum_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return enum_type_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto >&
+DescriptorProto::enum_type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return enum_type_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_enum_type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.enum_type)
+  return &enum_type_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
+int DescriptorProto::extension_range_size() const {
+  return extension_range_.size();
+}
+void DescriptorProto::clear_extension_range() {
+  extension_range_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& DescriptorProto::extension_range(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension_range)
+  return extension_range_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* DescriptorProto::mutable_extension_range(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension_range)
+  return extension_range_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* DescriptorProto::add_extension_range() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension_range)
+  return extension_range_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange >&
+DescriptorProto::extension_range() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension_range)
+  return extension_range_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_extension_range() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.extension_range)
+  return &extension_range_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;
+int DescriptorProto::oneof_decl_size() const {
+  return oneof_decl_.size();
+}
+void DescriptorProto::clear_oneof_decl() {
+  oneof_decl_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::oneof_decl(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.oneof_decl)
+  return oneof_decl_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::mutable_oneof_decl(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.oneof_decl)
+  return oneof_decl_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::add_oneof_decl() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.oneof_decl)
+  return oneof_decl_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto >&
+DescriptorProto::oneof_decl() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.oneof_decl)
+  return oneof_decl_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_oneof_decl() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.oneof_decl)
+  return &oneof_decl_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.MessageOptions options = 7;
+bool DescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000080u) != 0;
+}
+void DescriptorProto::set_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+}
+void DescriptorProto::clear_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
+}
+void DescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != NULL) options_->::google::protobuf::MessageOptions::Clear();
+  clear_has_options();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions& DescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* DescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  set_has_options();
+  if (options_ == NULL) {
+    options_ = new ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* DescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  clear_has_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+ void DescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* options) {
+  delete options_;
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    set_has_options();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_options();
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+int DescriptorProto::reserved_range_size() const {
+  return reserved_range_.size();
+}
+void DescriptorProto::clear_reserved_range() {
+  reserved_range_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& DescriptorProto::reserved_range(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return reserved_range_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_range(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return reserved_range_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* DescriptorProto::add_reserved_range() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return reserved_range_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange >&
+DescriptorProto::reserved_range() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return reserved_range_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_range() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return &reserved_range_;
+}
+
+// repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+int DescriptorProto::reserved_name_size() const {
+  return reserved_name_.size();
+}
+void DescriptorProto::clear_reserved_name() {
+  reserved_name_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::std::string& DescriptorProto::reserved_name(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return reserved_name_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::std::string* DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_name(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return reserved_name_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+ void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value) {
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+ void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+ ::std::string* DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name() {
+  return reserved_name_.Add();
+}
+ void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  reserved_name_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+ void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const char* value) {
+  reserved_name_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+ void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  reserved_name_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+DescriptorProto::reserved_name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return reserved_name_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return &reserved_name_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -2686,7 +4113,7 @@ const int FieldDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 FieldDescriptorProto::FieldDescriptorProto()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
 }
@@ -2759,7 +4186,7 @@ FieldDescriptorProto* FieldDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena
 }
 
 void FieldDescriptorProto::Clear() {
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 255) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 255u) {
     if (has_name()) {
       name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
@@ -3133,7 +4560,7 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int FieldDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 255) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 255u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
     if (has_name()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -3209,9 +4636,9 @@ int FieldDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
 void FieldDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const FieldDescriptorProto* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const FieldDescriptorProto*>(
-      &from);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FieldDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -3308,6 +4735,363 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(FieldDescriptorProto* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// FieldDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_name();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  set_has_name();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  clear_has_name();
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    set_has_name();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_name();
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// optional int32 number = 3;
+bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_number() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_has_number() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_has_number() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_number() {
+  number_ = 0;
+  clear_has_number();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 FieldDescriptorProto::number() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.number)
+  return number_;
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  set_has_number();
+  number_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.number)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label label = 4;
+bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_label() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_has_label() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_has_label() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_label() {
+  label_ = 1;
+  clear_has_label();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label FieldDescriptorProto::label() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.label)
+  return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label >(label_);
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_label(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label value) {
+  assert(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label_IsValid(value));
+  set_has_label();
+  label_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.label)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type type = 5;
+bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_type() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_has_type() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_has_type() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_type() {
+  type_ = 1;
+  clear_has_type();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type)
+  return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type >(type_);
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type value) {
+  assert(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type_IsValid(value));
+  set_has_type();
+  type_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type)
+}
+
+// optional string type_name = 6;
+bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_type_name() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_has_type_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_has_type_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_type_name() {
+  type_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_type_name();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::type_name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+  return type_name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_type_name();
+  type_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(const char* value) {
+  set_has_type_name();
+  type_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_type_name();
+  type_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+}
+ ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_type_name() {
+  set_has_type_name();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+  return type_name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_type_name() {
+  clear_has_type_name();
+  return type_name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_type_name(::std::string* type_name) {
+  if (type_name != NULL) {
+    set_has_type_name();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_type_name();
+  }
+  type_name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), type_name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
+}
+
+// optional string extendee = 2;
+bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_extendee() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_has_extendee() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_has_extendee() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_extendee() {
+  extendee_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_extendee();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::extendee() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+  return extendee_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_extendee();
+  extendee_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(const char* value) {
+  set_has_extendee();
+  extendee_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_extendee();
+  extendee_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+}
+ ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_extendee() {
+  set_has_extendee();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+  return extendee_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_extendee() {
+  clear_has_extendee();
+  return extendee_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_extendee(::std::string* extendee) {
+  if (extendee != NULL) {
+    set_has_extendee();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_extendee();
+  }
+  extendee_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), extendee);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
+}
+
+// optional string default_value = 7;
+bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_default_value() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000040u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_has_default_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_has_default_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_default_value() {
+  default_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_default_value();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::default_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+  return default_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_default_value();
+  default_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(const char* value) {
+  set_has_default_value();
+  default_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_default_value();
+  default_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+}
+ ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_default_value() {
+  set_has_default_value();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+  return default_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_default_value() {
+  clear_has_default_value();
+  return default_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_default_value(::std::string* default_value) {
+  if (default_value != NULL) {
+    set_has_default_value();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_default_value();
+  }
+  default_value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), default_value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
+}
+
+// optional int32 oneof_index = 9;
+bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_oneof_index() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000080u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_has_oneof_index() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_has_oneof_index() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_oneof_index() {
+  oneof_index_ = 0;
+  clear_has_oneof_index();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 FieldDescriptorProto::oneof_index() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index)
+  return oneof_index_;
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_oneof_index(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  set_has_oneof_index();
+  oneof_index_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions options = 8;
+bool FieldDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000100u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000100u;
+}
+void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != NULL) options_->::google::protobuf::FieldOptions::Clear();
+  clear_has_options();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions& FieldDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  set_has_options();
+  if (options_ == NULL) {
+    options_ = new ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* FieldDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  clear_has_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+ void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* options) {
+  delete options_;
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    set_has_options();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_options();
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -3316,7 +5100,7 @@ const int OneofDescriptorProto::kNameFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 OneofDescriptorProto::OneofDescriptorProto()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
 }
@@ -3498,9 +5282,9 @@ int OneofDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
 void OneofDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const OneofDescriptorProto* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const OneofDescriptorProto*>(
-      &from);
+  const OneofDescriptorProto* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const OneofDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -3557,6 +5341,63 @@ void OneofDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(OneofDescriptorProto* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// OneofDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+bool OneofDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void OneofDescriptorProto::set_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void OneofDescriptorProto::clear_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void OneofDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_name();
+}
+ const ::std::string& OneofDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* OneofDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  set_has_name();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* OneofDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  clear_has_name();
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void OneofDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    set_has_name();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_name();
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -3567,7 +5408,7 @@ const int EnumDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 EnumDescriptorProto::EnumDescriptorProto()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
 }
@@ -3630,7 +5471,7 @@ EnumDescriptorProto* EnumDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
 }
 
 void EnumDescriptorProto::Clear() {
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 5) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 5u) {
     if (has_name()) {
       name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
@@ -3675,12 +5516,15 @@ bool EnumDescriptorProto::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 18) {
          parse_value:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_value:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_value()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_value;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_loop_value;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_options;
         break;
       }
@@ -3791,7 +5635,7 @@ void EnumDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int EnumDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 5) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 5u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
     if (has_name()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -3828,9 +5672,9 @@ int EnumDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
 void EnumDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const EnumDescriptorProto* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const EnumDescriptorProto*>(
-      &from);
+  const EnumDescriptorProto* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const EnumDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -3897,6 +5741,136 @@ void EnumDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(EnumDescriptorProto* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// EnumDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+bool EnumDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void EnumDescriptorProto::set_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_name();
+}
+ const ::std::string& EnumDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  set_has_name();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  clear_has_name();
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void EnumDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    set_has_name();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_name();
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;
+int EnumDescriptorProto::value_size() const {
+  return value_.size();
+}
+void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_value() {
+  value_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto& EnumDescriptorProto::value(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.value)
+  return value_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto* EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_value(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.value)
+  return value_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto* EnumDescriptorProto::add_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.value)
+  return value_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto >&
+EnumDescriptorProto::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto >*
+EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.value)
+  return &value_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.EnumOptions options = 3;
+bool EnumDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+}
+void EnumDescriptorProto::set_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+}
+void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != NULL) options_->::google::protobuf::EnumOptions::Clear();
+  clear_has_options();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions& EnumDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  set_has_options();
+  if (options_ == NULL) {
+    options_ = new ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* EnumDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  clear_has_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+ void EnumDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* options) {
+  delete options_;
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    set_has_options();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_options();
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -3907,7 +5881,7 @@ const int EnumValueDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 EnumValueDescriptorProto::EnumValueDescriptorProto()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
 }
@@ -3971,7 +5945,7 @@ EnumValueDescriptorProto* EnumValueDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Aren
 }
 
 void EnumValueDescriptorProto::Clear() {
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 7) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 7u) {
     if (has_name()) {
       name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
@@ -4130,7 +6104,7 @@ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int EnumValueDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 7) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 7u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
     if (has_name()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -4166,9 +6140,9 @@ int EnumValueDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
 void EnumValueDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const EnumValueDescriptorProto* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const EnumValueDescriptorProto*>(
-      &from);
+  const EnumValueDescriptorProto* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const EnumValueDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -4236,6 +6210,130 @@ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(EnumValueDescriptorProto* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// EnumValueDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+bool EnumValueDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_name();
+}
+ const ::std::string& EnumValueDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* EnumValueDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  set_has_name();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* EnumValueDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  clear_has_name();
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    set_has_name();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_name();
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// optional int32 number = 2;
+bool EnumValueDescriptorProto::has_number() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_has_number() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_has_number() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_number() {
+  number_ = 0;
+  clear_has_number();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 EnumValueDescriptorProto::number() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.number)
+  return number_;
+}
+ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  set_has_number();
+  number_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.number)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions options = 3;
+bool EnumValueDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+}
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+}
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != NULL) options_->::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions::Clear();
+  clear_has_options();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions& EnumValueDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* EnumValueDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  set_has_options();
+  if (options_ == NULL) {
+    options_ = new ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* EnumValueDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  clear_has_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* options) {
+  delete options_;
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    set_has_options();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_options();
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -4246,7 +6344,7 @@ const int ServiceDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 ServiceDescriptorProto::ServiceDescriptorProto()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
 }
@@ -4309,7 +6407,7 @@ ServiceDescriptorProto* ServiceDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* a
 }
 
 void ServiceDescriptorProto::Clear() {
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 5) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 5u) {
     if (has_name()) {
       name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
@@ -4354,12 +6452,15 @@ bool ServiceDescriptorProto::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 18) {
          parse_method:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_method:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_method()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_method;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_loop_method;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_options;
         break;
       }
@@ -4470,7 +6571,7 @@ void ServiceDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int ServiceDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 5) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 5u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
     if (has_name()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -4507,9 +6608,9 @@ int ServiceDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
 void ServiceDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const ServiceDescriptorProto* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const ServiceDescriptorProto*>(
-      &from);
+  const ServiceDescriptorProto* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const ServiceDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -4576,6 +6677,136 @@ void ServiceDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(ServiceDescriptorProto* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// ServiceDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+bool ServiceDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::clear_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_name();
+}
+ const ::std::string& ServiceDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* ServiceDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  set_has_name();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* ServiceDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  clear_has_name();
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    set_has_name();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_name();
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;
+int ServiceDescriptorProto::method_size() const {
+  return method_.size();
+}
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::clear_method() {
+  method_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto& ServiceDescriptorProto::method(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.method)
+  return method_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto* ServiceDescriptorProto::mutable_method(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.method)
+  return method_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto* ServiceDescriptorProto::add_method() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.method)
+  return method_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto >&
+ServiceDescriptorProto::method() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.method)
+  return method_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto >*
+ServiceDescriptorProto::mutable_method() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.method)
+  return &method_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.ServiceOptions options = 3;
+bool ServiceDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+}
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+}
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::clear_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != NULL) options_->::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions::Clear();
+  clear_has_options();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions& ServiceDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* ServiceDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  set_has_options();
+  if (options_ == NULL) {
+    options_ = new ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* ServiceDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  clear_has_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+ void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* options) {
+  delete options_;
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    set_has_options();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_options();
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -4589,7 +6820,7 @@ const int MethodDescriptorProto::kServerStreamingFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 MethodDescriptorProto::MethodDescriptorProto()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
 }
@@ -4658,17 +6889,15 @@ MethodDescriptorProto* MethodDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* are
 }
 
 void MethodDescriptorProto::Clear() {
-#define OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(f) (reinterpret_cast<char*>(      \
-  &reinterpret_cast<MethodDescriptorProto*>(16)->f) - \
-   reinterpret_cast<char*>(16))
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<MethodDescriptorProto*>(16)->f)
 
-#define ZR_(first, last) do {                              \
-    size_t f = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(first);                    \
-    size_t n = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(last) - f + sizeof(last);  \
-    ::memset(&first, 0, n);                                \
-  } while (0)
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&first, 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 63) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 63u) {
     ZR_(client_streaming_, server_streaming_);
     if (has_name()) {
       name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
@@ -4684,7 +6913,7 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::Clear() {
     }
   }
 
-#undef OFFSET_OF_FIELD_
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
 #undef ZR_
 
   ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
@@ -4938,7 +7167,7 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int MethodDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 63) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 63u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
     if (has_name()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -4991,9 +7220,9 @@ int MethodDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
 void MethodDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const MethodDescriptorProto* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const MethodDescriptorProto*>(
-      &from);
+  const MethodDescriptorProto* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const MethodDescriptorProto>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -5075,6 +7304,260 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::InternalSwap(MethodDescriptorProto* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// MethodDescriptorProto
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+bool MethodDescriptorProto::has_name() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_has_name() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_name();
+}
+ const ::std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_name();
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+  set_has_name();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+  clear_has_name();
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    set_has_name();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_name();
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
+}
+
+// optional string input_type = 2;
+bool MethodDescriptorProto::has_input_type() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_has_input_type() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_has_input_type() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_input_type() {
+  input_type_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_input_type();
+}
+ const ::std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::input_type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+  return input_type_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_input_type();
+  input_type_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(const char* value) {
+  set_has_input_type();
+  input_type_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_input_type();
+  input_type_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+}
+ ::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_input_type() {
+  set_has_input_type();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+  return input_type_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::release_input_type() {
+  clear_has_input_type();
+  return input_type_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_input_type(::std::string* input_type) {
+  if (input_type != NULL) {
+    set_has_input_type();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_input_type();
+  }
+  input_type_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), input_type);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
+}
+
+// optional string output_type = 3;
+bool MethodDescriptorProto::has_output_type() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_has_output_type() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_has_output_type() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_output_type() {
+  output_type_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_output_type();
+}
+ const ::std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::output_type() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+  return output_type_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_output_type();
+  output_type_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(const char* value) {
+  set_has_output_type();
+  output_type_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_output_type();
+  output_type_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+}
+ ::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_output_type() {
+  set_has_output_type();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+  return output_type_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::release_output_type() {
+  clear_has_output_type();
+  return output_type_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_output_type(::std::string* output_type) {
+  if (output_type != NULL) {
+    set_has_output_type();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_output_type();
+  }
+  output_type_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), output_type);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions options = 4;
+bool MethodDescriptorProto::has_options() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_has_options() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
+  if (options_ != NULL) options_->::google::protobuf::MethodOptions::Clear();
+  clear_has_options();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions& MethodDescriptorProto::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
+  set_has_options();
+  if (options_ == NULL) {
+    options_ = new ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* MethodDescriptorProto::release_options() {
+  clear_has_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* temp = options_;
+  options_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* options) {
+  delete options_;
+  options_ = options;
+  if (options) {
+    set_has_options();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_options();
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.options)
+}
+
+// optional bool client_streaming = 5 [default = false];
+bool MethodDescriptorProto::has_client_streaming() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_has_client_streaming() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_has_client_streaming() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_client_streaming() {
+  client_streaming_ = false;
+  clear_has_client_streaming();
+}
+ bool MethodDescriptorProto::client_streaming() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.client_streaming)
+  return client_streaming_;
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_client_streaming(bool value) {
+  set_has_client_streaming();
+  client_streaming_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.client_streaming)
+}
+
+// optional bool server_streaming = 6 [default = false];
+bool MethodDescriptorProto::has_server_streaming() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_has_server_streaming() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_has_server_streaming() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+}
+void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_server_streaming() {
+  server_streaming_ = false;
+  clear_has_server_streaming();
+}
+ bool MethodDescriptorProto::server_streaming() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.server_streaming)
+  return server_streaming_;
+}
+ void MethodDescriptorProto::set_server_streaming(bool value) {
+  set_has_server_streaming();
+  server_streaming_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.server_streaming)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -5114,11 +7597,14 @@ const int FileOptions::kJavaGenericServicesFieldNumber;
 const int FileOptions::kPyGenericServicesFieldNumber;
 const int FileOptions::kDeprecatedFieldNumber;
 const int FileOptions::kCcEnableArenasFieldNumber;
+const int FileOptions::kObjcClassPrefixFieldNumber;
+const int FileOptions::kCsharpNamespaceFieldNumber;
+const int FileOptions::kJavananoUseDeprecatedPackageFieldNumber;
 const int FileOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 FileOptions::FileOptions()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
 }
@@ -5149,6 +7635,9 @@ void FileOptions::SharedCtor() {
   py_generic_services_ = false;
   deprecated_ = false;
   cc_enable_arenas_ = false;
+  objc_class_prefix_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  csharp_namespace_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  javanano_use_deprecated_package_ = false;
   ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
@@ -5161,6 +7650,8 @@ void FileOptions::SharedDtor() {
   java_package_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   java_outer_classname_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   go_package_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  objc_class_prefix_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  csharp_namespace_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   if (this != default_instance_) {
   }
 }
@@ -5192,17 +7683,15 @@ FileOptions* FileOptions::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
 
 void FileOptions::Clear() {
   _extensions_.Clear();
-#define OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(f) (reinterpret_cast<char*>(      \
-  &reinterpret_cast<FileOptions*>(16)->f) - \
-   reinterpret_cast<char*>(16))
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<FileOptions*>(16)->f)
 
-#define ZR_(first, last) do {                              \
-    size_t f = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(first);                    \
-    size_t n = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(last) - f + sizeof(last);  \
-    ::memset(&first, 0, n);                                \
-  } while (0)
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&first, 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 255) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 255u) {
     ZR_(java_multiple_files_, cc_generic_services_);
     if (has_java_package()) {
       java_package_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
@@ -5215,9 +7704,17 @@ void FileOptions::Clear() {
       go_package_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
   }
-  ZR_(java_generic_services_, cc_enable_arenas_);
+  if (_has_bits_[8 / 32] & 32512u) {
+    ZR_(java_generic_services_, javanano_use_deprecated_package_);
+    if (has_objc_class_prefix()) {
+      objc_class_prefix_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+    }
+    if (has_csharp_namespace()) {
+      csharp_namespace_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+    }
+  }
 
-#undef OFFSET_OF_FIELD_
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
 #undef ZR_
 
   uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
@@ -5423,6 +7920,55 @@ bool FileOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(290)) goto parse_objc_class_prefix;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+      case 36: {
+        if (tag == 290) {
+         parse_objc_class_prefix:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_objc_class_prefix()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->objc_class_prefix().data(), this->objc_class_prefix().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(298)) goto parse_csharp_namespace;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+      case 37: {
+        if (tag == 298) {
+         parse_csharp_namespace:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_csharp_namespace()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->csharp_namespace().data(), this->csharp_namespace().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(304)) goto parse_javanano_use_deprecated_package;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional bool javanano_use_deprecated_package = 38;
+      case 38: {
+        if (tag == 304) {
+         parse_javanano_use_deprecated_package:
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
+                 input, &javanano_use_deprecated_package_)));
+          set_has_javanano_use_deprecated_package();
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
         if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_uninterpreted_option;
         break;
       }
@@ -5431,12 +7977,15 @@ bool FileOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 999: {
         if (tag == 7994) {
          parse_uninterpreted_option:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_uninterpreted_option:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_uninterpreted_option()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_uninterpreted_option;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_loop_uninterpreted_option;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -5547,6 +8096,31 @@ void FileOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(31, this->cc_enable_arenas(), output);
   }
 
+  // optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+  if (has_objc_class_prefix()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->objc_class_prefix().data(), this->objc_class_prefix().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      36, this->objc_class_prefix(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+  if (has_csharp_namespace()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->csharp_namespace().data(), this->csharp_namespace().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      37, this->csharp_namespace(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool javanano_use_deprecated_package = 38;
+  if (has_javanano_use_deprecated_package()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(38, this->javanano_use_deprecated_package(), output);
+  }
+
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
   for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->uninterpreted_option_size(); i < n; i++) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
@@ -5646,6 +8220,33 @@ void FileOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
     target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(31, this->cc_enable_arenas(), target);
   }
 
+  // optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+  if (has_objc_class_prefix()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->objc_class_prefix().data(), this->objc_class_prefix().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        36, this->objc_class_prefix(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+  if (has_csharp_namespace()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->csharp_namespace().data(), this->csharp_namespace().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        37, this->csharp_namespace(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool javanano_use_deprecated_package = 38;
+  if (has_javanano_use_deprecated_package()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(38, this->javanano_use_deprecated_package(), target);
+  }
+
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
   for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->uninterpreted_option_size(); i < n; i++) {
     target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
@@ -5668,7 +8269,7 @@ void FileOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int FileOptions::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 255) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 255u) {
     // optional string java_package = 1;
     if (has_java_package()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -5717,7 +8318,7 @@ int FileOptions::ByteSize() const {
     }
 
   }
-  if (_has_bits_[8 / 32] & 3840) {
+  if (_has_bits_[8 / 32] & 32512u) {
     // optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];
     if (has_java_generic_services()) {
       total_size += 2 + 1;
@@ -5738,6 +8339,25 @@ int FileOptions::ByteSize() const {
       total_size += 2 + 1;
     }
 
+    // optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+    if (has_objc_class_prefix()) {
+      total_size += 2 +
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->objc_class_prefix());
+    }
+
+    // optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+    if (has_csharp_namespace()) {
+      total_size += 2 +
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->csharp_namespace());
+    }
+
+    // optional bool javanano_use_deprecated_package = 38;
+    if (has_javanano_use_deprecated_package()) {
+      total_size += 2 + 1;
+    }
+
   }
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
   total_size += 2 * this->uninterpreted_option_size();
@@ -5762,9 +8382,9 @@ int FileOptions::ByteSize() const {
 
 void FileOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const FileOptions* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const FileOptions*>(
-      &from);
+  const FileOptions* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FileOptions>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -5817,6 +8437,17 @@ void FileOptions::MergeFrom(const FileOptions& from) {
     if (from.has_cc_enable_arenas()) {
       set_cc_enable_arenas(from.cc_enable_arenas());
     }
+    if (from.has_objc_class_prefix()) {
+      set_has_objc_class_prefix();
+      objc_class_prefix_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.objc_class_prefix_);
+    }
+    if (from.has_csharp_namespace()) {
+      set_has_csharp_namespace();
+      csharp_namespace_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.csharp_namespace_);
+    }
+    if (from.has_javanano_use_deprecated_package()) {
+      set_javanano_use_deprecated_package(from.javanano_use_deprecated_package());
+    }
   }
   _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
@@ -5860,6 +8491,9 @@ void FileOptions::InternalSwap(FileOptions* other) {
   std::swap(py_generic_services_, other->py_generic_services_);
   std::swap(deprecated_, other->deprecated_);
   std::swap(cc_enable_arenas_, other->cc_enable_arenas_);
+  objc_class_prefix_.Swap(&other->objc_class_prefix_);
+  csharp_namespace_.Swap(&other->csharp_namespace_);
+  std::swap(javanano_use_deprecated_package_, other->javanano_use_deprecated_package_);
   uninterpreted_option_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->uninterpreted_option_);
   std::swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
   _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
@@ -5875,6 +8509,546 @@ void FileOptions::InternalSwap(FileOptions* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// FileOptions
+
+// optional string java_package = 1;
+bool FileOptions::has_java_package() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_java_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_java_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_java_package() {
+  java_package_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_java_package();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FileOptions::java_package() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+  return java_package_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_java_package(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_java_package();
+  java_package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_java_package(const char* value) {
+  set_has_java_package();
+  java_package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_java_package(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_java_package();
+  java_package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+}
+ ::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_java_package() {
+  set_has_java_package();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+  return java_package_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* FileOptions::release_java_package() {
+  clear_has_java_package();
+  return java_package_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_allocated_java_package(::std::string* java_package) {
+  if (java_package != NULL) {
+    set_has_java_package();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_java_package();
+  }
+  java_package_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), java_package);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
+}
+
+// optional string java_outer_classname = 8;
+bool FileOptions::has_java_outer_classname() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_java_outer_classname() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_java_outer_classname() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_java_outer_classname() {
+  java_outer_classname_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_java_outer_classname();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FileOptions::java_outer_classname() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+  return java_outer_classname_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_java_outer_classname();
+  java_outer_classname_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(const char* value) {
+  set_has_java_outer_classname();
+  java_outer_classname_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_java_outer_classname();
+  java_outer_classname_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+}
+ ::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_java_outer_classname() {
+  set_has_java_outer_classname();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+  return java_outer_classname_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* FileOptions::release_java_outer_classname() {
+  clear_has_java_outer_classname();
+  return java_outer_classname_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_allocated_java_outer_classname(::std::string* java_outer_classname) {
+  if (java_outer_classname != NULL) {
+    set_has_java_outer_classname();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_java_outer_classname();
+  }
+  java_outer_classname_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), java_outer_classname);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
+}
+
+// optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default = false];
+bool FileOptions::has_java_multiple_files() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_java_multiple_files() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_java_multiple_files() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_java_multiple_files() {
+  java_multiple_files_ = false;
+  clear_has_java_multiple_files();
+}
+ bool FileOptions::java_multiple_files() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_multiple_files)
+  return java_multiple_files_;
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_java_multiple_files(bool value) {
+  set_has_java_multiple_files();
+  java_multiple_files_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_multiple_files)
+}
+
+// optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default = false];
+bool FileOptions::has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_java_generate_equals_and_hash() {
+  java_generate_equals_and_hash_ = false;
+  clear_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
+}
+ bool FileOptions::java_generate_equals_and_hash() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generate_equals_and_hash)
+  return java_generate_equals_and_hash_;
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(bool value) {
+  set_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
+  java_generate_equals_and_hash_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generate_equals_and_hash)
+}
+
+// optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];
+bool FileOptions::has_java_string_check_utf8() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_java_string_check_utf8() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_java_string_check_utf8() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_java_string_check_utf8() {
+  java_string_check_utf8_ = false;
+  clear_has_java_string_check_utf8();
+}
+ bool FileOptions::java_string_check_utf8() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_string_check_utf8)
+  return java_string_check_utf8_;
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_java_string_check_utf8(bool value) {
+  set_has_java_string_check_utf8();
+  java_string_check_utf8_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_string_check_utf8)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];
+bool FileOptions::has_optimize_for() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_optimize_for() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_optimize_for() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_optimize_for() {
+  optimize_for_ = 1;
+  clear_has_optimize_for();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode FileOptions::optimize_for() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.optimize_for)
+  return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode >(optimize_for_);
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_optimize_for(::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode value) {
+  assert(::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode_IsValid(value));
+  set_has_optimize_for();
+  optimize_for_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.optimize_for)
+}
+
+// optional string go_package = 11;
+bool FileOptions::has_go_package() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000040u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_go_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_go_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_go_package() {
+  go_package_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_go_package();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FileOptions::go_package() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+  return go_package_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_go_package(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_go_package();
+  go_package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_go_package(const char* value) {
+  set_has_go_package();
+  go_package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_go_package(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_go_package();
+  go_package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+}
+ ::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_go_package() {
+  set_has_go_package();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+  return go_package_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* FileOptions::release_go_package() {
+  clear_has_go_package();
+  return go_package_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_allocated_go_package(::std::string* go_package) {
+  if (go_package != NULL) {
+    set_has_go_package();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_go_package();
+  }
+  go_package_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), go_package);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
+}
+
+// optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];
+bool FileOptions::has_cc_generic_services() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000080u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_cc_generic_services() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_cc_generic_services() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_cc_generic_services() {
+  cc_generic_services_ = false;
+  clear_has_cc_generic_services();
+}
+ bool FileOptions::cc_generic_services() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_generic_services)
+  return cc_generic_services_;
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_cc_generic_services(bool value) {
+  set_has_cc_generic_services();
+  cc_generic_services_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_generic_services)
+}
+
+// optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];
+bool FileOptions::has_java_generic_services() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000100u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_java_generic_services() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_java_generic_services() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000100u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_java_generic_services() {
+  java_generic_services_ = false;
+  clear_has_java_generic_services();
+}
+ bool FileOptions::java_generic_services() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generic_services)
+  return java_generic_services_;
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_java_generic_services(bool value) {
+  set_has_java_generic_services();
+  java_generic_services_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generic_services)
+}
+
+// optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];
+bool FileOptions::has_py_generic_services() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000200u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_py_generic_services() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_py_generic_services() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000200u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_py_generic_services() {
+  py_generic_services_ = false;
+  clear_has_py_generic_services();
+}
+ bool FileOptions::py_generic_services() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.py_generic_services)
+  return py_generic_services_;
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_py_generic_services(bool value) {
+  set_has_py_generic_services();
+  py_generic_services_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.py_generic_services)
+}
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];
+bool FileOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000400u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000400u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000400u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  clear_has_deprecated();
+}
+ bool FileOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.deprecated)
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  set_has_deprecated();
+  deprecated_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];
+bool FileOptions::has_cc_enable_arenas() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000800u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_cc_enable_arenas() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000800u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_cc_enable_arenas() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000800u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_cc_enable_arenas() {
+  cc_enable_arenas_ = false;
+  clear_has_cc_enable_arenas();
+}
+ bool FileOptions::cc_enable_arenas() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_enable_arenas)
+  return cc_enable_arenas_;
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_cc_enable_arenas(bool value) {
+  set_has_cc_enable_arenas();
+  cc_enable_arenas_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_enable_arenas)
+}
+
+// optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+bool FileOptions::has_objc_class_prefix() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00001000u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_objc_class_prefix() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00001000u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_objc_class_prefix() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00001000u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_objc_class_prefix() {
+  objc_class_prefix_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_objc_class_prefix();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FileOptions::objc_class_prefix() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+  return objc_class_prefix_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  objc_class_prefix_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value) {
+  set_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  objc_class_prefix_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  objc_class_prefix_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+ ::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_objc_class_prefix() {
+  set_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+  return objc_class_prefix_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* FileOptions::release_objc_class_prefix() {
+  clear_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  return objc_class_prefix_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_allocated_objc_class_prefix(::std::string* objc_class_prefix) {
+  if (objc_class_prefix != NULL) {
+    set_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  }
+  objc_class_prefix_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), objc_class_prefix);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+
+// optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+bool FileOptions::has_csharp_namespace() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00002000u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_csharp_namespace() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00002000u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_csharp_namespace() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00002000u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_csharp_namespace() {
+  csharp_namespace_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_csharp_namespace();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FileOptions::csharp_namespace() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+  return csharp_namespace_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_csharp_namespace();
+  csharp_namespace_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const char* value) {
+  set_has_csharp_namespace();
+  csharp_namespace_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_csharp_namespace();
+  csharp_namespace_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+ ::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_csharp_namespace() {
+  set_has_csharp_namespace();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+  return csharp_namespace_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* FileOptions::release_csharp_namespace() {
+  clear_has_csharp_namespace();
+  return csharp_namespace_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_allocated_csharp_namespace(::std::string* csharp_namespace) {
+  if (csharp_namespace != NULL) {
+    set_has_csharp_namespace();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_csharp_namespace();
+  }
+  csharp_namespace_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), csharp_namespace);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+
+// optional bool javanano_use_deprecated_package = 38;
+bool FileOptions::has_javanano_use_deprecated_package() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00004000u) != 0;
+}
+void FileOptions::set_has_javanano_use_deprecated_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00004000u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_has_javanano_use_deprecated_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00004000u;
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_javanano_use_deprecated_package() {
+  javanano_use_deprecated_package_ = false;
+  clear_has_javanano_use_deprecated_package();
+}
+ bool FileOptions::javanano_use_deprecated_package() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.javanano_use_deprecated_package)
+  return javanano_use_deprecated_package_;
+}
+ void FileOptions::set_javanano_use_deprecated_package(bool value) {
+  set_has_javanano_use_deprecated_package();
+  javanano_use_deprecated_package_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.javanano_use_deprecated_package)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+int FileOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+void FileOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& FileOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* FileOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* FileOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+FileOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+FileOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -5887,7 +9061,7 @@ const int MessageOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 MessageOptions::MessageOptions()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
 }
@@ -5949,19 +9123,17 @@ MessageOptions* MessageOptions::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
 
 void MessageOptions::Clear() {
   _extensions_.Clear();
-#define OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(f) (reinterpret_cast<char*>(      \
-  &reinterpret_cast<MessageOptions*>(16)->f) - \
-   reinterpret_cast<char*>(16))
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<MessageOptions*>(16)->f)
 
-#define ZR_(first, last) do {                              \
-    size_t f = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(first);                    \
-    size_t n = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(last) - f + sizeof(last);  \
-    ::memset(&first, 0, n);                                \
-  } while (0)
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&first, 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
 
   ZR_(message_set_wire_format_, map_entry_);
 
-#undef OFFSET_OF_FIELD_
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
 #undef ZR_
 
   uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
@@ -6044,12 +9216,15 @@ bool MessageOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 999: {
         if (tag == 7994) {
          parse_uninterpreted_option:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_uninterpreted_option:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_uninterpreted_option()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_uninterpreted_option;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_loop_uninterpreted_option;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -6166,7 +9341,7 @@ void MessageOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int MessageOptions::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 15) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 15u) {
     // optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];
     if (has_message_set_wire_format()) {
       total_size += 1 + 1;
@@ -6211,9 +9386,9 @@ int MessageOptions::ByteSize() const {
 
 void MessageOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const MessageOptions* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const MessageOptions*>(
-      &from);
+  const MessageOptions* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const MessageOptions>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -6287,6 +9462,136 @@ void MessageOptions::InternalSwap(MessageOptions* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// MessageOptions
+
+// optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];
+bool MessageOptions::has_message_set_wire_format() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void MessageOptions::set_has_message_set_wire_format() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void MessageOptions::clear_has_message_set_wire_format() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void MessageOptions::clear_message_set_wire_format() {
+  message_set_wire_format_ = false;
+  clear_has_message_set_wire_format();
+}
+ bool MessageOptions::message_set_wire_format() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.message_set_wire_format)
+  return message_set_wire_format_;
+}
+ void MessageOptions::set_message_set_wire_format(bool value) {
+  set_has_message_set_wire_format();
+  message_set_wire_format_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.message_set_wire_format)
+}
+
+// optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default = false];
+bool MessageOptions::has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void MessageOptions::set_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void MessageOptions::clear_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void MessageOptions::clear_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() {
+  no_standard_descriptor_accessor_ = false;
+  clear_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor();
+}
+ bool MessageOptions::no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.no_standard_descriptor_accessor)
+  return no_standard_descriptor_accessor_;
+}
+ void MessageOptions::set_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(bool value) {
+  set_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor();
+  no_standard_descriptor_accessor_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.no_standard_descriptor_accessor)
+}
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+bool MessageOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+}
+void MessageOptions::set_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+}
+void MessageOptions::clear_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+void MessageOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  clear_has_deprecated();
+}
+ bool MessageOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.deprecated)
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+ void MessageOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  set_has_deprecated();
+  deprecated_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// optional bool map_entry = 7;
+bool MessageOptions::has_map_entry() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+}
+void MessageOptions::set_has_map_entry() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+}
+void MessageOptions::clear_has_map_entry() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+void MessageOptions::clear_map_entry() {
+  map_entry_ = false;
+  clear_has_map_entry();
+}
+ bool MessageOptions::map_entry() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.map_entry)
+  return map_entry_;
+}
+ void MessageOptions::set_map_entry(bool value) {
+  set_has_map_entry();
+  map_entry_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.map_entry)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+int MessageOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+void MessageOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& MessageOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* MessageOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* MessageOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+MessageOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+MessageOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -6313,9 +9618,33 @@ const FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions::CType_MIN;
 const FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions::CType_MAX;
 const int FieldOptions::CType_ARRAYSIZE;
 #endif  // _MSC_VER
+const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor_;
+}
+bool FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch(value) {
+    case 0:
+    case 1:
+    case 2:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::JS_NORMAL;
+const FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::JS_STRING;
+const FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::JS_NUMBER;
+const FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::JSType_MIN;
+const FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::JSType_MAX;
+const int FieldOptions::JSType_ARRAYSIZE;
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
 #ifndef _MSC_VER
 const int FieldOptions::kCtypeFieldNumber;
 const int FieldOptions::kPackedFieldNumber;
+const int FieldOptions::kJstypeFieldNumber;
 const int FieldOptions::kLazyFieldNumber;
 const int FieldOptions::kDeprecatedFieldNumber;
 const int FieldOptions::kWeakFieldNumber;
@@ -6323,7 +9652,7 @@ const int FieldOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 FieldOptions::FieldOptions()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
 }
@@ -6343,6 +9672,7 @@ void FieldOptions::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   ctype_ = 0;
   packed_ = false;
+  jstype_ = 0;
   lazy_ = false;
   deprecated_ = false;
   weak_ = false;
@@ -6386,21 +9716,20 @@ FieldOptions* FieldOptions::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
 
 void FieldOptions::Clear() {
   _extensions_.Clear();
-#define OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(f) (reinterpret_cast<char*>(      \
-  &reinterpret_cast<FieldOptions*>(16)->f) - \
-   reinterpret_cast<char*>(16))
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<FieldOptions*>(16)->f)
 
-#define ZR_(first, last) do {                              \
-    size_t f = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(first);                    \
-    size_t n = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(last) - f + sizeof(last);  \
-    ::memset(&first, 0, n);                                \
-  } while (0)
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&first, 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 31) {
-    ZR_(ctype_, weak_);
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 63u) {
+    ZR_(ctype_, jstype_);
+    ZR_(packed_, weak_);
   }
 
-#undef OFFSET_OF_FIELD_
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
 #undef ZR_
 
   uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
@@ -6480,6 +9809,26 @@ bool FieldOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(48)) goto parse_jstype;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+      case 6: {
+        if (tag == 48) {
+         parse_jstype:
+          int value;
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   int, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(
+                 input, &value)));
+          if (::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(value)) {
+            set_jstype(static_cast< ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType >(value));
+          } else {
+            mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(6, value);
+          }
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
         if (input->ExpectTag(80)) goto parse_weak;
         break;
       }
@@ -6503,12 +9852,15 @@ bool FieldOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 999: {
         if (tag == 7994) {
          parse_uninterpreted_option:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_uninterpreted_option:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_uninterpreted_option()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_uninterpreted_option;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_loop_uninterpreted_option;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -6564,6 +9916,12 @@ void FieldOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(5, this->lazy(), output);
   }
 
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+  if (has_jstype()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnum(
+      6, this->jstype(), output);
+  }
+
   // optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];
   if (has_weak()) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(10, this->weak(), output);
@@ -6610,6 +9968,12 @@ void FieldOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
     target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(5, this->lazy(), target);
   }
 
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+  if (has_jstype()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      6, this->jstype(), target);
+  }
+
   // optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];
   if (has_weak()) {
     target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(10, this->weak(), target);
@@ -6637,7 +10001,7 @@ void FieldOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int FieldOptions::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 31) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 63u) {
     // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
     if (has_ctype()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -6649,6 +10013,12 @@ int FieldOptions::ByteSize() const {
       total_size += 1 + 1;
     }
 
+    // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+    if (has_jstype()) {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->jstype());
+    }
+
     // optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];
     if (has_lazy()) {
       total_size += 1 + 1;
@@ -6688,9 +10058,9 @@ int FieldOptions::ByteSize() const {
 
 void FieldOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const FieldOptions* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const FieldOptions*>(
-      &from);
+  const FieldOptions* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FieldOptions>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -6708,6 +10078,9 @@ void FieldOptions::MergeFrom(const FieldOptions& from) {
     if (from.has_packed()) {
       set_packed(from.packed());
     }
+    if (from.has_jstype()) {
+      set_jstype(from.jstype());
+    }
     if (from.has_lazy()) {
       set_lazy(from.lazy());
     }
@@ -6750,6 +10123,7 @@ void FieldOptions::Swap(FieldOptions* other) {
 void FieldOptions::InternalSwap(FieldOptions* other) {
   std::swap(ctype_, other->ctype_);
   std::swap(packed_, other->packed_);
+  std::swap(jstype_, other->jstype_);
   std::swap(lazy_, other->lazy_);
   std::swap(deprecated_, other->deprecated_);
   std::swap(weak_, other->weak_);
@@ -6768,6 +10142,186 @@ void FieldOptions::InternalSwap(FieldOptions* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// FieldOptions
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
+bool FieldOptions::has_ctype() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldOptions::set_has_ctype() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_has_ctype() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_ctype() {
+  ctype_ = 0;
+  clear_has_ctype();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions::ctype() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.ctype)
+  return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType >(ctype_);
+}
+ void FieldOptions::set_ctype(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType value) {
+  assert(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType_IsValid(value));
+  set_has_ctype();
+  ctype_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.ctype)
+}
+
+// optional bool packed = 2;
+bool FieldOptions::has_packed() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldOptions::set_has_packed() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_has_packed() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_packed() {
+  packed_ = false;
+  clear_has_packed();
+}
+ bool FieldOptions::packed() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.packed)
+  return packed_;
+}
+ void FieldOptions::set_packed(bool value) {
+  set_has_packed();
+  packed_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.packed)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+bool FieldOptions::has_jstype() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldOptions::set_has_jstype() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_has_jstype() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_jstype() {
+  jstype_ = 0;
+  clear_has_jstype();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::jstype() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.jstype)
+  return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType >(jstype_);
+}
+ void FieldOptions::set_jstype(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType value) {
+  assert(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(value));
+  set_has_jstype();
+  jstype_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.jstype)
+}
+
+// optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];
+bool FieldOptions::has_lazy() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldOptions::set_has_lazy() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_has_lazy() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_lazy() {
+  lazy_ = false;
+  clear_has_lazy();
+}
+ bool FieldOptions::lazy() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.lazy)
+  return lazy_;
+}
+ void FieldOptions::set_lazy(bool value) {
+  set_has_lazy();
+  lazy_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.lazy)
+}
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+bool FieldOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldOptions::set_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  clear_has_deprecated();
+}
+ bool FieldOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.deprecated)
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+ void FieldOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  set_has_deprecated();
+  deprecated_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];
+bool FieldOptions::has_weak() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
+}
+void FieldOptions::set_has_weak() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_has_weak() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_weak() {
+  weak_ = false;
+  clear_has_weak();
+}
+ bool FieldOptions::weak() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.weak)
+  return weak_;
+}
+ void FieldOptions::set_weak(bool value) {
+  set_has_weak();
+  weak_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.weak)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+int FieldOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+void FieldOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& FieldOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* FieldOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* FieldOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+FieldOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+FieldOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -6778,7 +10332,7 @@ const int EnumOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 EnumOptions::EnumOptions()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
 }
@@ -6838,19 +10392,17 @@ EnumOptions* EnumOptions::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
 
 void EnumOptions::Clear() {
   _extensions_.Clear();
-#define OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(f) (reinterpret_cast<char*>(      \
-  &reinterpret_cast<EnumOptions*>(16)->f) - \
-   reinterpret_cast<char*>(16))
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<EnumOptions*>(16)->f)
 
-#define ZR_(first, last) do {                              \
-    size_t f = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(first);                    \
-    size_t n = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(last) - f + sizeof(last);  \
-    ::memset(&first, 0, n);                                \
-  } while (0)
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&first, 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
 
   ZR_(allow_alias_, deprecated_);
 
-#undef OFFSET_OF_FIELD_
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
 #undef ZR_
 
   uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
@@ -6903,12 +10455,15 @@ bool EnumOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 999: {
         if (tag == 7994) {
          parse_uninterpreted_option:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_uninterpreted_option:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_uninterpreted_option()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_uninterpreted_option;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_loop_uninterpreted_option;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -7005,7 +10560,7 @@ void EnumOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int EnumOptions::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3u) {
     // optional bool allow_alias = 2;
     if (has_allow_alias()) {
       total_size += 1 + 1;
@@ -7040,9 +10595,9 @@ int EnumOptions::ByteSize() const {
 
 void EnumOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const EnumOptions* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const EnumOptions*>(
-      &from);
+  const EnumOptions* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const EnumOptions>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -7108,6 +10663,88 @@ void EnumOptions::InternalSwap(EnumOptions* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// EnumOptions
+
+// optional bool allow_alias = 2;
+bool EnumOptions::has_allow_alias() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void EnumOptions::set_has_allow_alias() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void EnumOptions::clear_has_allow_alias() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void EnumOptions::clear_allow_alias() {
+  allow_alias_ = false;
+  clear_has_allow_alias();
+}
+ bool EnumOptions::allow_alias() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.allow_alias)
+  return allow_alias_;
+}
+ void EnumOptions::set_allow_alias(bool value) {
+  set_has_allow_alias();
+  allow_alias_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.allow_alias)
+}
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
+bool EnumOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void EnumOptions::set_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void EnumOptions::clear_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void EnumOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  clear_has_deprecated();
+}
+ bool EnumOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.deprecated)
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+ void EnumOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  set_has_deprecated();
+  deprecated_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+int EnumOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+void EnumOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& EnumOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* EnumOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* EnumOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+EnumOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+EnumOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -7117,7 +10754,7 @@ const int EnumValueOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 EnumValueOptions::EnumValueOptions()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
 }
@@ -7212,12 +10849,15 @@ bool EnumValueOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 999: {
         if (tag == 7994) {
          parse_uninterpreted_option:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_uninterpreted_option:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_uninterpreted_option()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_uninterpreted_option;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_loop_uninterpreted_option;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -7332,9 +10972,9 @@ int EnumValueOptions::ByteSize() const {
 
 void EnumValueOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const EnumValueOptions* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const EnumValueOptions*>(
-      &from);
+  const EnumValueOptions* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const EnumValueOptions>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -7396,6 +11036,64 @@ void EnumValueOptions::InternalSwap(EnumValueOptions* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// EnumValueOptions
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];
+bool EnumValueOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void EnumValueOptions::set_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void EnumValueOptions::clear_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void EnumValueOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  clear_has_deprecated();
+}
+ bool EnumValueOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.deprecated)
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+ void EnumValueOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  set_has_deprecated();
+  deprecated_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+int EnumValueOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+void EnumValueOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& EnumValueOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* EnumValueOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* EnumValueOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+EnumValueOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+EnumValueOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -7405,7 +11103,7 @@ const int ServiceOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 ServiceOptions::ServiceOptions()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
 }
@@ -7500,12 +11198,15 @@ bool ServiceOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 999: {
         if (tag == 7994) {
          parse_uninterpreted_option:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_uninterpreted_option:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_uninterpreted_option()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_uninterpreted_option;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_loop_uninterpreted_option;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -7620,9 +11321,9 @@ int ServiceOptions::ByteSize() const {
 
 void ServiceOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const ServiceOptions* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const ServiceOptions*>(
-      &from);
+  const ServiceOptions* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const ServiceOptions>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -7684,6 +11385,64 @@ void ServiceOptions::InternalSwap(ServiceOptions* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// ServiceOptions
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+bool ServiceOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void ServiceOptions::set_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void ServiceOptions::clear_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void ServiceOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  clear_has_deprecated();
+}
+ bool ServiceOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.deprecated)
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+ void ServiceOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  set_has_deprecated();
+  deprecated_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+int ServiceOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+void ServiceOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& ServiceOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* ServiceOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* ServiceOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+ServiceOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+ServiceOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -7693,7 +11452,7 @@ const int MethodOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 MethodOptions::MethodOptions()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
 }
@@ -7788,12 +11547,15 @@ bool MethodOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 999: {
         if (tag == 7994) {
          parse_uninterpreted_option:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_uninterpreted_option:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_uninterpreted_option()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_uninterpreted_option;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(7994)) goto parse_loop_uninterpreted_option;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -7908,9 +11670,9 @@ int MethodOptions::ByteSize() const {
 
 void MethodOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const MethodOptions* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const MethodOptions*>(
-      &from);
+  const MethodOptions* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const MethodOptions>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -7972,6 +11734,64 @@ void MethodOptions::InternalSwap(MethodOptions* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// MethodOptions
+
+// optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
+bool MethodOptions::has_deprecated() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void MethodOptions::set_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void MethodOptions::clear_has_deprecated() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void MethodOptions::clear_deprecated() {
+  deprecated_ = false;
+  clear_has_deprecated();
+}
+ bool MethodOptions::deprecated() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.deprecated)
+  return deprecated_;
+}
+ void MethodOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+  set_has_deprecated();
+  deprecated_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.deprecated)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
+int MethodOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
+  return uninterpreted_option_.size();
+}
+void MethodOptions::clear_uninterpreted_option() {
+  uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& MethodOptions::uninterpreted_option(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* MethodOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* MethodOptions::add_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+MethodOptions::uninterpreted_option() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+MethodOptions::mutable_uninterpreted_option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.uninterpreted_option)
+  return &uninterpreted_option_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -7981,7 +11801,7 @@ const int UninterpretedOption_NamePart::kIsExtensionFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 UninterpretedOption_NamePart::UninterpretedOption_NamePart()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
 }
@@ -8042,7 +11862,7 @@ UninterpretedOption_NamePart* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::New(::google::protob
 }
 
 void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::Clear() {
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3u) {
     if (has_name_part()) {
       name_part_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
@@ -8214,9 +12034,9 @@ int UninterpretedOption_NamePart::ByteSize() const {
 
 void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const UninterpretedOption_NamePart* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const UninterpretedOption_NamePart*>(
-      &from);
+  const UninterpretedOption_NamePart* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const UninterpretedOption_NamePart>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -8292,7 +12112,7 @@ const int UninterpretedOption::kAggregateValueFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 UninterpretedOption::UninterpretedOption()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
 }
@@ -8359,17 +12179,15 @@ UninterpretedOption* UninterpretedOption::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
 }
 
 void UninterpretedOption::Clear() {
-#define OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(f) (reinterpret_cast<char*>(      \
-  &reinterpret_cast<UninterpretedOption*>(16)->f) - \
-   reinterpret_cast<char*>(16))
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<UninterpretedOption*>(16)->f)
 
-#define ZR_(first, last) do {                              \
-    size_t f = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(first);                    \
-    size_t n = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(last) - f + sizeof(last);  \
-    ::memset(&first, 0, n);                                \
-  } while (0)
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&first, 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 126) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 126u) {
     ZR_(positive_int_value_, double_value_);
     if (has_identifier_value()) {
       identifier_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
@@ -8382,7 +12200,7 @@ void UninterpretedOption::Clear() {
     }
   }
 
-#undef OFFSET_OF_FIELD_
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
 #undef ZR_
 
   name_.Clear();
@@ -8405,13 +12223,15 @@ bool UninterpretedOption::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart name = 2;
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 18) {
-         parse_name:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_name:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_name()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_name;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_loop_name;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_identifier_value;
         break;
       }
@@ -8652,7 +12472,7 @@ void UninterpretedOption::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int UninterpretedOption::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[1 / 32] & 126) {
+  if (_has_bits_[1 / 32] & 126u) {
     // optional string identifier_value = 3;
     if (has_identifier_value()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -8715,9 +12535,9 @@ int UninterpretedOption::ByteSize() const {
 
 void UninterpretedOption::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const UninterpretedOption* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const UninterpretedOption*>(
-      &from);
+  const UninterpretedOption* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const UninterpretedOption>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -8799,6 +12619,352 @@ void UninterpretedOption::InternalSwap(UninterpretedOption* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// UninterpretedOption_NamePart
+
+// required string name_part = 1;
+bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::has_name_part() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_has_name_part() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::clear_has_name_part() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::clear_name_part() {
+  name_part_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_name_part();
+}
+ const ::std::string& UninterpretedOption_NamePart::name_part() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+  return name_part_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_name_part();
+  name_part_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(const char* value) {
+  set_has_name_part();
+  name_part_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_name_part();
+  name_part_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+}
+ ::std::string* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::mutable_name_part() {
+  set_has_name_part();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+  return name_part_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::release_name_part() {
+  clear_has_name_part();
+  return name_part_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_allocated_name_part(::std::string* name_part) {
+  if (name_part != NULL) {
+    set_has_name_part();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_name_part();
+  }
+  name_part_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name_part);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
+}
+
+// required bool is_extension = 2;
+bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::has_is_extension() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_has_is_extension() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::clear_has_is_extension() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::clear_is_extension() {
+  is_extension_ = false;
+  clear_has_is_extension();
+}
+ bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::is_extension() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.is_extension)
+  return is_extension_;
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_is_extension(bool value) {
+  set_has_is_extension();
+  is_extension_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.is_extension)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// UninterpretedOption
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart name = 2;
+int UninterpretedOption::name_size() const {
+  return name_.size();
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_name() {
+  name_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart& UninterpretedOption::name(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.name)
+  return name_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* UninterpretedOption::mutable_name(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.name)
+  return name_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* UninterpretedOption::add_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.name)
+  return name_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart >&
+UninterpretedOption::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.name)
+  return name_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart >*
+UninterpretedOption::mutable_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.name)
+  return &name_;
+}
+
+// optional string identifier_value = 3;
+bool UninterpretedOption::has_identifier_value() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::set_has_identifier_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_has_identifier_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_identifier_value() {
+  identifier_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_identifier_value();
+}
+ const ::std::string& UninterpretedOption::identifier_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+  return identifier_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_identifier_value();
+  identifier_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(const char* value) {
+  set_has_identifier_value();
+  identifier_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_identifier_value();
+  identifier_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+}
+ ::std::string* UninterpretedOption::mutable_identifier_value() {
+  set_has_identifier_value();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+  return identifier_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* UninterpretedOption::release_identifier_value() {
+  clear_has_identifier_value();
+  return identifier_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_allocated_identifier_value(::std::string* identifier_value) {
+  if (identifier_value != NULL) {
+    set_has_identifier_value();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_identifier_value();
+  }
+  identifier_value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), identifier_value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
+}
+
+// optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;
+bool UninterpretedOption::has_positive_int_value() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::set_has_positive_int_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_has_positive_int_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_positive_int_value() {
+  positive_int_value_ = GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0);
+  clear_has_positive_int_value();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::uint64 UninterpretedOption::positive_int_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.positive_int_value)
+  return positive_int_value_;
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_positive_int_value(::google::protobuf::uint64 value) {
+  set_has_positive_int_value();
+  positive_int_value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.positive_int_value)
+}
+
+// optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;
+bool UninterpretedOption::has_negative_int_value() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::set_has_negative_int_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_has_negative_int_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_negative_int_value() {
+  negative_int_value_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
+  clear_has_negative_int_value();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int64 UninterpretedOption::negative_int_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.negative_int_value)
+  return negative_int_value_;
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_negative_int_value(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
+  set_has_negative_int_value();
+  negative_int_value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.negative_int_value)
+}
+
+// optional double double_value = 6;
+bool UninterpretedOption::has_double_value() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::set_has_double_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_has_double_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_double_value() {
+  double_value_ = 0;
+  clear_has_double_value();
+}
+ double UninterpretedOption::double_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.double_value)
+  return double_value_;
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_double_value(double value) {
+  set_has_double_value();
+  double_value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.double_value)
+}
+
+// optional bytes string_value = 7;
+bool UninterpretedOption::has_string_value() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::set_has_string_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_has_string_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_string_value() {
+  string_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_string_value();
+}
+ const ::std::string& UninterpretedOption::string_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+  return string_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_string_value();
+  string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(const char* value) {
+  set_has_string_value();
+  string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(const void* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_string_value();
+  string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+}
+ ::std::string* UninterpretedOption::mutable_string_value() {
+  set_has_string_value();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+  return string_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* UninterpretedOption::release_string_value() {
+  clear_has_string_value();
+  return string_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value) {
+  if (string_value != NULL) {
+    set_has_string_value();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_string_value();
+  }
+  string_value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), string_value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
+}
+
+// optional string aggregate_value = 8;
+bool UninterpretedOption::has_aggregate_value() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000040u) != 0;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::set_has_aggregate_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_has_aggregate_value() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
+}
+void UninterpretedOption::clear_aggregate_value() {
+  aggregate_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_aggregate_value();
+}
+ const ::std::string& UninterpretedOption::aggregate_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+  return aggregate_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_aggregate_value();
+  aggregate_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(const char* value) {
+  set_has_aggregate_value();
+  aggregate_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_aggregate_value();
+  aggregate_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+}
+ ::std::string* UninterpretedOption::mutable_aggregate_value() {
+  set_has_aggregate_value();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+  return aggregate_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* UninterpretedOption::release_aggregate_value() {
+  clear_has_aggregate_value();
+  return aggregate_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void UninterpretedOption::set_allocated_aggregate_value(::std::string* aggregate_value) {
+  if (aggregate_value != NULL) {
+    set_has_aggregate_value();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_aggregate_value();
+  }
+  aggregate_value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), aggregate_value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -8807,10 +12973,11 @@ const int SourceCodeInfo_Location::kPathFieldNumber;
 const int SourceCodeInfo_Location::kSpanFieldNumber;
 const int SourceCodeInfo_Location::kLeadingCommentsFieldNumber;
 const int SourceCodeInfo_Location::kTrailingCommentsFieldNumber;
+const int SourceCodeInfo_Location::kLeadingDetachedCommentsFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 SourceCodeInfo_Location::SourceCodeInfo_Location()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
 }
@@ -8872,7 +13039,7 @@ SourceCodeInfo_Location* SourceCodeInfo_Location::New(::google::protobuf::Arena*
 }
 
 void SourceCodeInfo_Location::Clear() {
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 12) {
+  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 12u) {
     if (has_leading_comments()) {
       leading_comments_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
@@ -8882,6 +13049,7 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::Clear() {
   }
   path_.Clear();
   span_.Clear();
+  leading_detached_comments_.Clear();
   ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
@@ -8963,6 +13131,25 @@ bool SourceCodeInfo_Location::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_leading_detached_comments;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+      case 6: {
+        if (tag == 50) {
+         parse_leading_detached_comments:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->add_leading_detached_comments()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->leading_detached_comments(this->leading_detached_comments_size() - 1).data(),
+            this->leading_detached_comments(this->leading_detached_comments_size() - 1).length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_leading_detached_comments;
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -9032,6 +13219,16 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
       4, this->trailing_comments(), output);
   }
 
+  // repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->leading_detached_comments_size(); i++) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+    this->leading_detached_comments(i).data(), this->leading_detached_comments(i).length(),
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+    "google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteString(
+      6, this->leading_detached_comments(i), output);
+  }
+
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFields(
         unknown_fields(), output);
@@ -9092,6 +13289,16 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
         4, this->trailing_comments(), target);
   }
 
+  // repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->leading_detached_comments_size(); i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->leading_detached_comments(i).data(), this->leading_detached_comments(i).length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments");
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteStringToArray(6, this->leading_detached_comments(i), target);
+  }
+
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
         unknown_fields(), target);
@@ -9103,7 +13310,7 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 int SourceCodeInfo_Location::ByteSize() const {
   int total_size = 0;
 
-  if (_has_bits_[2 / 32] & 12) {
+  if (_has_bits_[2 / 32] & 12u) {
     // optional string leading_comments = 3;
     if (has_leading_comments()) {
       total_size += 1 +
@@ -9153,6 +13360,13 @@ int SourceCodeInfo_Location::ByteSize() const {
     total_size += data_size;
   }
 
+  // repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+  total_size += 1 * this->leading_detached_comments_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->leading_detached_comments_size(); i++) {
+    total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+      this->leading_detached_comments(i));
+  }
+
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     total_size +=
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
@@ -9166,9 +13380,9 @@ int SourceCodeInfo_Location::ByteSize() const {
 
 void SourceCodeInfo_Location::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const SourceCodeInfo_Location* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const SourceCodeInfo_Location*>(
-      &from);
+  const SourceCodeInfo_Location* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const SourceCodeInfo_Location>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -9180,6 +13394,7 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::MergeFrom(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   path_.MergeFrom(from.path_);
   span_.MergeFrom(from.span_);
+  leading_detached_comments_.MergeFrom(from.leading_detached_comments_);
   if (from._has_bits_[2 / 32] & (0xffu << (2 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_leading_comments()) {
       set_has_leading_comments();
@@ -9221,6 +13436,7 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::InternalSwap(SourceCodeInfo_Location* other) {
   span_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->span_);
   leading_comments_.Swap(&other->leading_comments_);
   trailing_comments_.Swap(&other->trailing_comments_);
+  leading_detached_comments_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->leading_detached_comments_);
   std::swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
   _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
   std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
@@ -9242,7 +13458,7 @@ const int SourceCodeInfo::kLocationFieldNumber;
 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
 
 SourceCodeInfo::SourceCodeInfo()
-  : ::google::protobuf::Message() , _internal_metadata_(NULL)  {
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
 }
@@ -9319,13 +13535,15 @@ bool SourceCodeInfo::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // repeated .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location location = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 10) {
-         parse_location:
-          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_location:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
                 input, add_location()));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(10)) goto parse_location;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(10)) goto parse_loop_location;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -9410,9 +13628,9 @@ int SourceCodeInfo::ByteSize() const {
 
 void SourceCodeInfo::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
-  const SourceCodeInfo* source =
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const SourceCodeInfo*>(
-      &from);
+  const SourceCodeInfo* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const SourceCodeInfo>(
+          &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
@@ -9464,6 +13682,264 @@ void SourceCodeInfo::InternalSwap(SourceCodeInfo* other) {
   return metadata;
 }
 
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// SourceCodeInfo_Location
+
+// repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
+int SourceCodeInfo_Location::path_size() const {
+  return path_.size();
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_path() {
+  path_.Clear();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 SourceCodeInfo_Location::path(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
+  return path_.Get(index);
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_path(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  path_.Set(index, value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_path(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  path_.Add(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::path() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
+  return path_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_path() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
+  return &path_;
+}
+
+// repeated int32 span = 2 [packed = true];
+int SourceCodeInfo_Location::span_size() const {
+  return span_.size();
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_span() {
+  span_.Clear();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 SourceCodeInfo_Location::span(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
+  return span_.Get(index);
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_span(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  span_.Set(index, value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_span(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  span_.Add(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::span() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
+  return span_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_span() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
+  return &span_;
+}
+
+// optional string leading_comments = 3;
+bool SourceCodeInfo_Location::has_leading_comments() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_has_leading_comments() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_has_leading_comments() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_leading_comments() {
+  leading_comments_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_leading_comments();
+}
+ const ::std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_comments() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+  return leading_comments_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_leading_comments();
+  leading_comments_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(const char* value) {
+  set_has_leading_comments();
+  leading_comments_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_leading_comments();
+  leading_comments_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+}
+ ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_comments() {
+  set_has_leading_comments();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+  return leading_comments_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::release_leading_comments() {
+  clear_has_leading_comments();
+  return leading_comments_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_allocated_leading_comments(::std::string* leading_comments) {
+  if (leading_comments != NULL) {
+    set_has_leading_comments();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_leading_comments();
+  }
+  leading_comments_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), leading_comments);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
+}
+
+// optional string trailing_comments = 4;
+bool SourceCodeInfo_Location::has_trailing_comments() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_has_trailing_comments() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_has_trailing_comments() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_trailing_comments() {
+  trailing_comments_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_trailing_comments();
+}
+ const ::std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::trailing_comments() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+  return trailing_comments_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_trailing_comments();
+  trailing_comments_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(const char* value) {
+  set_has_trailing_comments();
+  trailing_comments_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_trailing_comments();
+  trailing_comments_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+}
+ ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_trailing_comments() {
+  set_has_trailing_comments();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+  return trailing_comments_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::release_trailing_comments() {
+  clear_has_trailing_comments();
+  return trailing_comments_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_allocated_trailing_comments(::std::string* trailing_comments) {
+  if (trailing_comments != NULL) {
+    set_has_trailing_comments();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_trailing_comments();
+  }
+  trailing_comments_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), trailing_comments);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
+}
+
+// repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+int SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments_size() const {
+  return leading_detached_comments_.size();
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_leading_detached_comments() {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return leading_detached_comments_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_detached_comments(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+ ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments() {
+  return leading_detached_comments_.Add();
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const ::std::string& value) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return leading_detached_comments_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_detached_comments() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return &leading_detached_comments_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// SourceCodeInfo
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location location = 1;
+int SourceCodeInfo::location_size() const {
+  return location_.size();
+}
+void SourceCodeInfo::clear_location() {
+  location_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location& SourceCodeInfo::location(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.location)
+  return location_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location* SourceCodeInfo::mutable_location(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.location)
+  return location_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location* SourceCodeInfo::add_location() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.location)
+  return location_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location >&
+SourceCodeInfo::location() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.location)
+  return location_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location >*
+SourceCodeInfo::mutable_location() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.location)
+  return &location_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h
index cda25982..2aa076ae 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ class FileDescriptorSet;
 class FileDescriptorProto;
 class DescriptorProto;
 class DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange;
+class DescriptorProto_ReservedRange;
 class FieldDescriptorProto;
 class OneofDescriptorProto;
 class EnumDescriptorProto;
@@ -155,6 +156,26 @@ inline bool FieldOptions_CType_Parse(
   return ::google::protobuf::internal::ParseNamedEnum<FieldOptions_CType>(
     FieldOptions_CType_descriptor(), name, value);
 }
+enum FieldOptions_JSType {
+  FieldOptions_JSType_JS_NORMAL = 0,
+  FieldOptions_JSType_JS_STRING = 1,
+  FieldOptions_JSType_JS_NUMBER = 2
+};
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(int value);
+const FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_MIN = FieldOptions_JSType_JS_NORMAL;
+const FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_MAX = FieldOptions_JSType_JS_NUMBER;
+const int FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_ARRAYSIZE = FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_MAX + 1;
+
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor();
+inline const ::std::string& FieldOptions_JSType_Name(FieldOptions_JSType value) {
+  return ::google::protobuf::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor(), value);
+}
+inline bool FieldOptions_JSType_Parse(
+    const ::std::string& name, FieldOptions_JSType* value) {
+  return ::google::protobuf::internal::ParseNamedEnum<FieldOptions_JSType>(
+    FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
 // ===================================================================
 
 class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorSet : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
@@ -222,15 +243,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorSet : public ::google::protobuf::Message
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
-  inline int file_size() const;
-  inline void clear_file();
+  int file_size() const;
+  void clear_file();
   static const int kFileFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto& file(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto* mutable_file(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto* add_file();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto& file(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto* mutable_file(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto* add_file();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto >&
       file() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto >*
       mutable_file();
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
@@ -314,146 +335,146 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional string name = 1;
-  inline bool has_name() const;
-  inline void clear_name();
+  bool has_name() const;
+  void clear_name();
   static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& name() const;
-  inline void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_name();
-  inline ::std::string* release_name();
-  inline void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
 
   // optional string package = 2;
-  inline bool has_package() const;
-  inline void clear_package();
+  bool has_package() const;
+  void clear_package();
   static const int kPackageFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline const ::std::string& package() const;
-  inline void set_package(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_package(const char* value);
-  inline void set_package(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_package();
-  inline ::std::string* release_package();
-  inline void set_allocated_package(::std::string* package);
+  const ::std::string& package() const;
+  void set_package(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_package(const char* value);
+  void set_package(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_package();
+  ::std::string* release_package();
+  void set_allocated_package(::std::string* package);
 
   // repeated string dependency = 3;
-  inline int dependency_size() const;
-  inline void clear_dependency();
+  int dependency_size() const;
+  void clear_dependency();
   static const int kDependencyFieldNumber = 3;
-  inline const ::std::string& dependency(int index) const;
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_dependency(int index);
-  inline void set_dependency(int index, const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_dependency(int index, const char* value);
-  inline void set_dependency(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* add_dependency();
-  inline void add_dependency(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void add_dependency(const char* value);
-  inline void add_dependency(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>& dependency() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>* mutable_dependency();
+  const ::std::string& dependency(int index) const;
+  ::std::string* mutable_dependency(int index);
+  void set_dependency(int index, const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_dependency(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_dependency(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* add_dependency();
+  void add_dependency(const ::std::string& value);
+  void add_dependency(const char* value);
+  void add_dependency(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>& dependency() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>* mutable_dependency();
 
   // repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;
-  inline int public_dependency_size() const;
-  inline void clear_public_dependency();
+  int public_dependency_size() const;
+  void clear_public_dependency();
   static const int kPublicDependencyFieldNumber = 10;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::int32 public_dependency(int index) const;
-  inline void set_public_dependency(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value);
-  inline void add_public_dependency(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 public_dependency(int index) const;
+  void set_public_dependency(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  void add_public_dependency(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
       public_dependency() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
       mutable_public_dependency();
 
   // repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;
-  inline int weak_dependency_size() const;
-  inline void clear_weak_dependency();
+  int weak_dependency_size() const;
+  void clear_weak_dependency();
   static const int kWeakDependencyFieldNumber = 11;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::int32 weak_dependency(int index) const;
-  inline void set_weak_dependency(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value);
-  inline void add_weak_dependency(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 weak_dependency(int index) const;
+  void set_weak_dependency(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  void add_weak_dependency(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
       weak_dependency() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
       mutable_weak_dependency();
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
-  inline int message_type_size() const;
-  inline void clear_message_type();
+  int message_type_size() const;
+  void clear_message_type();
   static const int kMessageTypeFieldNumber = 4;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto& message_type(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto* mutable_message_type(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto* add_message_type();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto& message_type(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto* mutable_message_type(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto* add_message_type();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto >&
       message_type() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto >*
       mutable_message_type();
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
-  inline int enum_type_size() const;
-  inline void clear_enum_type();
+  int enum_type_size() const;
+  void clear_enum_type();
   static const int kEnumTypeFieldNumber = 5;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto& enum_type(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto* mutable_enum_type(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto* add_enum_type();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto& enum_type(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto* mutable_enum_type(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto* add_enum_type();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto >&
       enum_type() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto >*
       mutable_enum_type();
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
-  inline int service_size() const;
-  inline void clear_service();
+  int service_size() const;
+  void clear_service();
   static const int kServiceFieldNumber = 6;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto& service(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto* mutable_service(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto* add_service();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto& service(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto* mutable_service(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto* add_service();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto >&
       service() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto >*
       mutable_service();
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
-  inline int extension_size() const;
-  inline void clear_extension();
+  int extension_size() const;
+  void clear_extension();
   static const int kExtensionFieldNumber = 7;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto& extension(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* mutable_extension(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* add_extension();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto& extension(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* mutable_extension(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* add_extension();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >&
       extension() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >*
       mutable_extension();
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions options = 8;
-  inline bool has_options() const;
-  inline void clear_options();
+  bool has_options() const;
+  void clear_options();
   static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 8;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::FileOptions& options() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FileOptions* mutable_options();
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FileOptions* release_options();
-  inline void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::FileOptions* options);
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileOptions& options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::FileOptions* mutable_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::FileOptions* release_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::FileOptions* options);
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo source_code_info = 9;
-  inline bool has_source_code_info() const;
-  inline void clear_source_code_info();
+  bool has_source_code_info() const;
+  void clear_source_code_info();
   static const int kSourceCodeInfoFieldNumber = 9;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo& source_code_info() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* mutable_source_code_info();
-  inline ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* release_source_code_info();
-  inline void set_allocated_source_code_info(::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info);
+  const ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo& source_code_info() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* mutable_source_code_info();
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* release_source_code_info();
+  void set_allocated_source_code_info(::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info);
 
   // optional string syntax = 12;
-  inline bool has_syntax() const;
-  inline void clear_syntax();
+  bool has_syntax() const;
+  void clear_syntax();
   static const int kSyntaxFieldNumber = 12;
-  inline const ::std::string& syntax() const;
-  inline void set_syntax(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_syntax(const char* value);
-  inline void set_syntax(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_syntax();
-  inline ::std::string* release_syntax();
-  inline void set_allocated_syntax(::std::string* syntax);
+  const ::std::string& syntax() const;
+  void set_syntax(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_syntax(const char* value);
+  void set_syntax(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_syntax();
+  ::std::string* release_syntax();
+  void set_allocated_syntax(::std::string* syntax);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
  private:
@@ -557,18 +578,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange : public ::google::proto
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional int32 start = 1;
-  inline bool has_start() const;
-  inline void clear_start();
+  bool has_start() const;
+  void clear_start();
   static const int kStartFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::int32 start() const;
-  inline void set_start(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 start() const;
+  void set_start(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
 
   // optional int32 end = 2;
-  inline bool has_end() const;
-  inline void clear_end();
+  bool has_end() const;
+  void clear_end();
   static const int kEndFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::int32 end() const;
-  inline void set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 end() const;
+  void set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
  private:
@@ -591,6 +612,105 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange : public ::google::proto
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ReservedRange : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange();
+  virtual ~DescriptorProto_ReservedRange();
+
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from);
+
+  inline DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& operator=(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  inline const ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  inline ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
+    return _internal_metadata_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional int32 start = 1;
+  bool has_start() const;
+  void clear_start();
+  static const int kStartFieldNumber = 1;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 start() const;
+  void set_start(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+
+  // optional int32 end = 2;
+  bool has_end() const;
+  void clear_end();
+  static const int kEndFieldNumber = 2;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 end() const;
+  void set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
+ private:
+  inline void set_has_start();
+  inline void clear_has_start();
+  inline void set_has_end();
+  inline void clear_has_end();
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 start_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 end_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
  public:
   DescriptorProto();
@@ -654,101 +774,130 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
 
   typedef DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange ExtensionRange;
+  typedef DescriptorProto_ReservedRange ReservedRange;
 
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional string name = 1;
-  inline bool has_name() const;
-  inline void clear_name();
+  bool has_name() const;
+  void clear_name();
   static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& name() const;
-  inline void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_name();
-  inline ::std::string* release_name();
-  inline void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
-  inline int field_size() const;
-  inline void clear_field();
+  int field_size() const;
+  void clear_field();
   static const int kFieldFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto& field(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* mutable_field(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* add_field();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto& field(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* mutable_field(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* add_field();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >&
       field() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >*
       mutable_field();
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
-  inline int extension_size() const;
-  inline void clear_extension();
+  int extension_size() const;
+  void clear_extension();
   static const int kExtensionFieldNumber = 6;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto& extension(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* mutable_extension(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* add_extension();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto& extension(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* mutable_extension(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto* add_extension();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >&
       extension() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto >*
       mutable_extension();
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
-  inline int nested_type_size() const;
-  inline void clear_nested_type();
+  int nested_type_size() const;
+  void clear_nested_type();
   static const int kNestedTypeFieldNumber = 3;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto& nested_type(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto* mutable_nested_type(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto* add_nested_type();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto& nested_type(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto* mutable_nested_type(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto* add_nested_type();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto >&
       nested_type() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto >*
       mutable_nested_type();
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
-  inline int enum_type_size() const;
-  inline void clear_enum_type();
+  int enum_type_size() const;
+  void clear_enum_type();
   static const int kEnumTypeFieldNumber = 4;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto& enum_type(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto* mutable_enum_type(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto* add_enum_type();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto& enum_type(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto* mutable_enum_type(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto* add_enum_type();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto >&
       enum_type() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto >*
       mutable_enum_type();
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
-  inline int extension_range_size() const;
-  inline void clear_extension_range();
+  int extension_range_size() const;
+  void clear_extension_range();
   static const int kExtensionRangeFieldNumber = 5;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& extension_range(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* mutable_extension_range(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* add_extension_range();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& extension_range(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* mutable_extension_range(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* add_extension_range();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange >&
       extension_range() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange >*
       mutable_extension_range();
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;
-  inline int oneof_decl_size() const;
-  inline void clear_oneof_decl();
+  int oneof_decl_size() const;
+  void clear_oneof_decl();
   static const int kOneofDeclFieldNumber = 8;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto& oneof_decl(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto* mutable_oneof_decl(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto* add_oneof_decl();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto& oneof_decl(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto* mutable_oneof_decl(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto* add_oneof_decl();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto >&
       oneof_decl() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto >*
       mutable_oneof_decl();
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.MessageOptions options = 7;
-  inline bool has_options() const;
-  inline void clear_options();
+  bool has_options() const;
+  void clear_options();
   static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 7;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions& options() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* mutable_options();
-  inline ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* release_options();
-  inline void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* options);
+  const ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions& options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* mutable_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* release_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* options);
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+  int reserved_range_size() const;
+  void clear_reserved_range();
+  static const int kReservedRangeFieldNumber = 9;
+  const ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& reserved_range(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* mutable_reserved_range(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* add_reserved_range();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange >&
+      reserved_range() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange >*
+      mutable_reserved_range();
+
+  // repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+  int reserved_name_size() const;
+  void clear_reserved_name();
+  static const int kReservedNameFieldNumber = 10;
+  const ::std::string& reserved_name(int index) const;
+  ::std::string* mutable_reserved_name(int index);
+  void set_reserved_name(int index, const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* add_reserved_name();
+  void add_reserved_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void add_reserved_name(const char* value);
+  void add_reserved_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>& reserved_name() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>* mutable_reserved_name();
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
  private:
@@ -768,6 +917,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange > extension_range_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto > oneof_decl_;
   ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* options_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange > reserved_range_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> reserved_name_;
   friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
@@ -907,89 +1058,89 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messa
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional string name = 1;
-  inline bool has_name() const;
-  inline void clear_name();
+  bool has_name() const;
+  void clear_name();
   static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& name() const;
-  inline void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_name();
-  inline ::std::string* release_name();
-  inline void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
 
   // optional int32 number = 3;
-  inline bool has_number() const;
-  inline void clear_number();
+  bool has_number() const;
+  void clear_number();
   static const int kNumberFieldNumber = 3;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::int32 number() const;
-  inline void set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 number() const;
+  void set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Label label = 4;
-  inline bool has_label() const;
-  inline void clear_label();
+  bool has_label() const;
+  void clear_label();
   static const int kLabelFieldNumber = 4;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label label() const;
-  inline void set_label(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label value);
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label label() const;
+  void set_label(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label value);
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.Type type = 5;
-  inline bool has_type() const;
-  inline void clear_type();
+  bool has_type() const;
+  void clear_type();
   static const int kTypeFieldNumber = 5;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type type() const;
-  inline void set_type(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type value);
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type type() const;
+  void set_type(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type value);
 
   // optional string type_name = 6;
-  inline bool has_type_name() const;
-  inline void clear_type_name();
+  bool has_type_name() const;
+  void clear_type_name();
   static const int kTypeNameFieldNumber = 6;
-  inline const ::std::string& type_name() const;
-  inline void set_type_name(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_type_name(const char* value);
-  inline void set_type_name(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_type_name();
-  inline ::std::string* release_type_name();
-  inline void set_allocated_type_name(::std::string* type_name);
+  const ::std::string& type_name() const;
+  void set_type_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_type_name(const char* value);
+  void set_type_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_type_name();
+  ::std::string* release_type_name();
+  void set_allocated_type_name(::std::string* type_name);
 
   // optional string extendee = 2;
-  inline bool has_extendee() const;
-  inline void clear_extendee();
+  bool has_extendee() const;
+  void clear_extendee();
   static const int kExtendeeFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline const ::std::string& extendee() const;
-  inline void set_extendee(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_extendee(const char* value);
-  inline void set_extendee(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_extendee();
-  inline ::std::string* release_extendee();
-  inline void set_allocated_extendee(::std::string* extendee);
+  const ::std::string& extendee() const;
+  void set_extendee(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_extendee(const char* value);
+  void set_extendee(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_extendee();
+  ::std::string* release_extendee();
+  void set_allocated_extendee(::std::string* extendee);
 
   // optional string default_value = 7;
-  inline bool has_default_value() const;
-  inline void clear_default_value();
+  bool has_default_value() const;
+  void clear_default_value();
   static const int kDefaultValueFieldNumber = 7;
-  inline const ::std::string& default_value() const;
-  inline void set_default_value(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_default_value(const char* value);
-  inline void set_default_value(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_default_value();
-  inline ::std::string* release_default_value();
-  inline void set_allocated_default_value(::std::string* default_value);
+  const ::std::string& default_value() const;
+  void set_default_value(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_default_value(const char* value);
+  void set_default_value(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_default_value();
+  ::std::string* release_default_value();
+  void set_allocated_default_value(::std::string* default_value);
 
   // optional int32 oneof_index = 9;
-  inline bool has_oneof_index() const;
-  inline void clear_oneof_index();
+  bool has_oneof_index() const;
+  void clear_oneof_index();
   static const int kOneofIndexFieldNumber = 9;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::int32 oneof_index() const;
-  inline void set_oneof_index(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 oneof_index() const;
+  void set_oneof_index(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions options = 8;
-  inline bool has_options() const;
-  inline void clear_options();
+  bool has_options() const;
+  void clear_options();
   static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 8;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions& options() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* mutable_options();
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* release_options();
-  inline void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* options);
+  const ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions& options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* mutable_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* release_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* options);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
  private:
@@ -1098,16 +1249,16 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messa
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional string name = 1;
-  inline bool has_name() const;
-  inline void clear_name();
+  bool has_name() const;
+  void clear_name();
   static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& name() const;
-  inline void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_name();
-  inline ::std::string* release_name();
-  inline void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
  private:
@@ -1192,37 +1343,37 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional string name = 1;
-  inline bool has_name() const;
-  inline void clear_name();
+  bool has_name() const;
+  void clear_name();
   static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& name() const;
-  inline void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_name();
-  inline ::std::string* release_name();
-  inline void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;
-  inline int value_size() const;
-  inline void clear_value();
+  int value_size() const;
+  void clear_value();
   static const int kValueFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto& value(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto* mutable_value(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto* add_value();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto& value(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto* mutable_value(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto* add_value();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto >&
       value() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto >*
       mutable_value();
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.EnumOptions options = 3;
-  inline bool has_options() const;
-  inline void clear_options();
+  bool has_options() const;
+  void clear_options();
   static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 3;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions& options() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* mutable_options();
-  inline ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* release_options();
-  inline void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* options);
+  const ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions& options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* mutable_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* release_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* options);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
  private:
@@ -1311,32 +1462,32 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::M
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional string name = 1;
-  inline bool has_name() const;
-  inline void clear_name();
+  bool has_name() const;
+  void clear_name();
   static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& name() const;
-  inline void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_name();
-  inline ::std::string* release_name();
-  inline void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
 
   // optional int32 number = 2;
-  inline bool has_number() const;
-  inline void clear_number();
+  bool has_number() const;
+  void clear_number();
   static const int kNumberFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::int32 number() const;
-  inline void set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 number() const;
+  void set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions options = 3;
-  inline bool has_options() const;
-  inline void clear_options();
+  bool has_options() const;
+  void clear_options();
   static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 3;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions& options() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* mutable_options();
-  inline ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* release_options();
-  inline void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* options);
+  const ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions& options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* mutable_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* release_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* options);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
  private:
@@ -1427,37 +1578,37 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Mes
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional string name = 1;
-  inline bool has_name() const;
-  inline void clear_name();
+  bool has_name() const;
+  void clear_name();
   static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& name() const;
-  inline void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_name();
-  inline ::std::string* release_name();
-  inline void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;
-  inline int method_size() const;
-  inline void clear_method();
+  int method_size() const;
+  void clear_method();
   static const int kMethodFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto& method(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto* mutable_method(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto* add_method();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto& method(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto* mutable_method(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto* add_method();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto >&
       method() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto >*
       mutable_method();
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.ServiceOptions options = 3;
-  inline bool has_options() const;
-  inline void clear_options();
+  bool has_options() const;
+  void clear_options();
   static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 3;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions& options() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* mutable_options();
-  inline ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* release_options();
-  inline void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* options);
+  const ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions& options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* mutable_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* release_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* options);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
  private:
@@ -1546,63 +1697,63 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Mess
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional string name = 1;
-  inline bool has_name() const;
-  inline void clear_name();
+  bool has_name() const;
+  void clear_name();
   static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& name() const;
-  inline void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value);
-  inline void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_name();
-  inline ::std::string* release_name();
-  inline void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
 
   // optional string input_type = 2;
-  inline bool has_input_type() const;
-  inline void clear_input_type();
+  bool has_input_type() const;
+  void clear_input_type();
   static const int kInputTypeFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline const ::std::string& input_type() const;
-  inline void set_input_type(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_input_type(const char* value);
-  inline void set_input_type(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_input_type();
-  inline ::std::string* release_input_type();
-  inline void set_allocated_input_type(::std::string* input_type);
+  const ::std::string& input_type() const;
+  void set_input_type(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_input_type(const char* value);
+  void set_input_type(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_input_type();
+  ::std::string* release_input_type();
+  void set_allocated_input_type(::std::string* input_type);
 
   // optional string output_type = 3;
-  inline bool has_output_type() const;
-  inline void clear_output_type();
+  bool has_output_type() const;
+  void clear_output_type();
   static const int kOutputTypeFieldNumber = 3;
-  inline const ::std::string& output_type() const;
-  inline void set_output_type(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_output_type(const char* value);
-  inline void set_output_type(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_output_type();
-  inline ::std::string* release_output_type();
-  inline void set_allocated_output_type(::std::string* output_type);
+  const ::std::string& output_type() const;
+  void set_output_type(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_output_type(const char* value);
+  void set_output_type(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_output_type();
+  ::std::string* release_output_type();
+  void set_allocated_output_type(::std::string* output_type);
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.MethodOptions options = 4;
-  inline bool has_options() const;
-  inline void clear_options();
+  bool has_options() const;
+  void clear_options();
   static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 4;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions& options() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* mutable_options();
-  inline ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* release_options();
-  inline void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* options);
+  const ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions& options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* mutable_options();
+  ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* release_options();
+  void set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* options);
 
   // optional bool client_streaming = 5 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_client_streaming() const;
-  inline void clear_client_streaming();
+  bool has_client_streaming() const;
+  void clear_client_streaming();
   static const int kClientStreamingFieldNumber = 5;
-  inline bool client_streaming() const;
-  inline void set_client_streaming(bool value);
+  bool client_streaming() const;
+  void set_client_streaming(bool value);
 
   // optional bool server_streaming = 6 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_server_streaming() const;
-  inline void clear_server_streaming();
+  bool has_server_streaming() const;
+  void clear_server_streaming();
   static const int kServerStreamingFieldNumber = 6;
-  inline bool server_streaming() const;
-  inline void set_server_streaming(bool value);
+  bool server_streaming() const;
+  void set_server_streaming(bool value);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
  private:
@@ -1727,114 +1878,145 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional string java_package = 1;
-  inline bool has_java_package() const;
-  inline void clear_java_package();
+  bool has_java_package() const;
+  void clear_java_package();
   static const int kJavaPackageFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& java_package() const;
-  inline void set_java_package(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_java_package(const char* value);
-  inline void set_java_package(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_java_package();
-  inline ::std::string* release_java_package();
-  inline void set_allocated_java_package(::std::string* java_package);
+  const ::std::string& java_package() const;
+  void set_java_package(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_java_package(const char* value);
+  void set_java_package(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_java_package();
+  ::std::string* release_java_package();
+  void set_allocated_java_package(::std::string* java_package);
 
   // optional string java_outer_classname = 8;
-  inline bool has_java_outer_classname() const;
-  inline void clear_java_outer_classname();
+  bool has_java_outer_classname() const;
+  void clear_java_outer_classname();
   static const int kJavaOuterClassnameFieldNumber = 8;
-  inline const ::std::string& java_outer_classname() const;
-  inline void set_java_outer_classname(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_java_outer_classname(const char* value);
-  inline void set_java_outer_classname(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_java_outer_classname();
-  inline ::std::string* release_java_outer_classname();
-  inline void set_allocated_java_outer_classname(::std::string* java_outer_classname);
+  const ::std::string& java_outer_classname() const;
+  void set_java_outer_classname(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_java_outer_classname(const char* value);
+  void set_java_outer_classname(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_java_outer_classname();
+  ::std::string* release_java_outer_classname();
+  void set_allocated_java_outer_classname(::std::string* java_outer_classname);
 
   // optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_java_multiple_files() const;
-  inline void clear_java_multiple_files();
+  bool has_java_multiple_files() const;
+  void clear_java_multiple_files();
   static const int kJavaMultipleFilesFieldNumber = 10;
-  inline bool java_multiple_files() const;
-  inline void set_java_multiple_files(bool value);
+  bool java_multiple_files() const;
+  void set_java_multiple_files(bool value);
 
   // optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() const;
-  inline void clear_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
+  bool has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() const;
+  void clear_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
   static const int kJavaGenerateEqualsAndHashFieldNumber = 20;
-  inline bool java_generate_equals_and_hash() const;
-  inline void set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(bool value);
+  bool java_generate_equals_and_hash() const;
+  void set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(bool value);
 
   // optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_java_string_check_utf8() const;
-  inline void clear_java_string_check_utf8();
+  bool has_java_string_check_utf8() const;
+  void clear_java_string_check_utf8();
   static const int kJavaStringCheckUtf8FieldNumber = 27;
-  inline bool java_string_check_utf8() const;
-  inline void set_java_string_check_utf8(bool value);
+  bool java_string_check_utf8() const;
+  void set_java_string_check_utf8(bool value);
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];
-  inline bool has_optimize_for() const;
-  inline void clear_optimize_for();
+  bool has_optimize_for() const;
+  void clear_optimize_for();
   static const int kOptimizeForFieldNumber = 9;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode optimize_for() const;
-  inline void set_optimize_for(::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode value);
+  ::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode optimize_for() const;
+  void set_optimize_for(::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode value);
 
   // optional string go_package = 11;
-  inline bool has_go_package() const;
-  inline void clear_go_package();
+  bool has_go_package() const;
+  void clear_go_package();
   static const int kGoPackageFieldNumber = 11;
-  inline const ::std::string& go_package() const;
-  inline void set_go_package(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_go_package(const char* value);
-  inline void set_go_package(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_go_package();
-  inline ::std::string* release_go_package();
-  inline void set_allocated_go_package(::std::string* go_package);
+  const ::std::string& go_package() const;
+  void set_go_package(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_go_package(const char* value);
+  void set_go_package(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_go_package();
+  ::std::string* release_go_package();
+  void set_allocated_go_package(::std::string* go_package);
 
   // optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_cc_generic_services() const;
-  inline void clear_cc_generic_services();
+  bool has_cc_generic_services() const;
+  void clear_cc_generic_services();
   static const int kCcGenericServicesFieldNumber = 16;
-  inline bool cc_generic_services() const;
-  inline void set_cc_generic_services(bool value);
+  bool cc_generic_services() const;
+  void set_cc_generic_services(bool value);
 
   // optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_java_generic_services() const;
-  inline void clear_java_generic_services();
+  bool has_java_generic_services() const;
+  void clear_java_generic_services();
   static const int kJavaGenericServicesFieldNumber = 17;
-  inline bool java_generic_services() const;
-  inline void set_java_generic_services(bool value);
+  bool java_generic_services() const;
+  void set_java_generic_services(bool value);
 
   // optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_py_generic_services() const;
-  inline void clear_py_generic_services();
+  bool has_py_generic_services() const;
+  void clear_py_generic_services();
   static const int kPyGenericServicesFieldNumber = 18;
-  inline bool py_generic_services() const;
-  inline void set_py_generic_services(bool value);
+  bool py_generic_services() const;
+  void set_py_generic_services(bool value);
 
   // optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_deprecated() const;
-  inline void clear_deprecated();
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  void clear_deprecated();
   static const int kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 23;
-  inline bool deprecated() const;
-  inline void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
 
   // optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_cc_enable_arenas() const;
-  inline void clear_cc_enable_arenas();
+  bool has_cc_enable_arenas() const;
+  void clear_cc_enable_arenas();
   static const int kCcEnableArenasFieldNumber = 31;
-  inline bool cc_enable_arenas() const;
-  inline void set_cc_enable_arenas(bool value);
+  bool cc_enable_arenas() const;
+  void set_cc_enable_arenas(bool value);
+
+  // optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+  bool has_objc_class_prefix() const;
+  void clear_objc_class_prefix();
+  static const int kObjcClassPrefixFieldNumber = 36;
+  const ::std::string& objc_class_prefix() const;
+  void set_objc_class_prefix(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value);
+  void set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_objc_class_prefix();
+  ::std::string* release_objc_class_prefix();
+  void set_allocated_objc_class_prefix(::std::string* objc_class_prefix);
+
+  // optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+  bool has_csharp_namespace() const;
+  void clear_csharp_namespace();
+  static const int kCsharpNamespaceFieldNumber = 37;
+  const ::std::string& csharp_namespace() const;
+  void set_csharp_namespace(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_csharp_namespace(const char* value);
+  void set_csharp_namespace(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_csharp_namespace();
+  ::std::string* release_csharp_namespace();
+  void set_allocated_csharp_namespace(::std::string* csharp_namespace);
+
+  // optional bool javanano_use_deprecated_package = 38;
+  bool has_javanano_use_deprecated_package() const;
+  void clear_javanano_use_deprecated_package();
+  static const int kJavananoUseDeprecatedPackageFieldNumber = 38;
+  bool javanano_use_deprecated_package() const;
+  void set_javanano_use_deprecated_package(bool value);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  inline int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
-  inline void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
   static const int kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
       uninterpreted_option() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
       mutable_uninterpreted_option();
 
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(FileOptions)
@@ -1864,6 +2046,12 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   inline void clear_has_deprecated();
   inline void set_has_cc_enable_arenas();
   inline void clear_has_cc_enable_arenas();
+  inline void set_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  inline void clear_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  inline void set_has_csharp_namespace();
+  inline void clear_has_csharp_namespace();
+  inline void set_has_javanano_use_deprecated_package();
+  inline void clear_has_javanano_use_deprecated_package();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
 
@@ -1878,11 +2066,14 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   bool cc_generic_services_;
   int optimize_for_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr go_package_;
-  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
   bool java_generic_services_;
   bool py_generic_services_;
   bool deprecated_;
   bool cc_enable_arenas_;
+  bool javanano_use_deprecated_package_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr objc_class_prefix_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr csharp_namespace_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
   friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
@@ -1957,43 +2148,43 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_message_set_wire_format() const;
-  inline void clear_message_set_wire_format();
+  bool has_message_set_wire_format() const;
+  void clear_message_set_wire_format();
   static const int kMessageSetWireFormatFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline bool message_set_wire_format() const;
-  inline void set_message_set_wire_format(bool value);
+  bool message_set_wire_format() const;
+  void set_message_set_wire_format(bool value);
 
   // optional bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor = 2 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const;
-  inline void clear_no_standard_descriptor_accessor();
+  bool has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const;
+  void clear_no_standard_descriptor_accessor();
   static const int kNoStandardDescriptorAccessorFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const;
-  inline void set_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(bool value);
+  bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const;
+  void set_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(bool value);
 
   // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_deprecated() const;
-  inline void clear_deprecated();
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  void clear_deprecated();
   static const int kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 3;
-  inline bool deprecated() const;
-  inline void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
 
   // optional bool map_entry = 7;
-  inline bool has_map_entry() const;
-  inline void clear_map_entry();
+  bool has_map_entry() const;
+  void clear_map_entry();
   static const int kMapEntryFieldNumber = 7;
-  inline bool map_entry() const;
-  inline void set_map_entry(bool value);
+  bool map_entry() const;
+  void set_map_entry(bool value);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  inline int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
-  inline void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
   static const int kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
       uninterpreted_option() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
       mutable_uninterpreted_option();
 
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(MessageOptions)
@@ -2114,53 +2305,85 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
     return FieldOptions_CType_Parse(name, value);
   }
 
+  typedef FieldOptions_JSType JSType;
+  static const JSType JS_NORMAL = FieldOptions_JSType_JS_NORMAL;
+  static const JSType JS_STRING = FieldOptions_JSType_JS_STRING;
+  static const JSType JS_NUMBER = FieldOptions_JSType_JS_NUMBER;
+  static inline bool JSType_IsValid(int value) {
+    return FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(value);
+  }
+  static const JSType JSType_MIN =
+    FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_MIN;
+  static const JSType JSType_MAX =
+    FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_MAX;
+  static const int JSType_ARRAYSIZE =
+    FieldOptions_JSType_JSType_ARRAYSIZE;
+  static inline const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor*
+  JSType_descriptor() {
+    return FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor();
+  }
+  static inline const ::std::string& JSType_Name(JSType value) {
+    return FieldOptions_JSType_Name(value);
+  }
+  static inline bool JSType_Parse(const ::std::string& name,
+      JSType* value) {
+    return FieldOptions_JSType_Parse(name, value);
+  }
+
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
-  inline bool has_ctype() const;
-  inline void clear_ctype();
+  bool has_ctype() const;
+  void clear_ctype();
   static const int kCtypeFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType ctype() const;
-  inline void set_ctype(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType value);
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType ctype() const;
+  void set_ctype(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType value);
 
   // optional bool packed = 2;
-  inline bool has_packed() const;
-  inline void clear_packed();
+  bool has_packed() const;
+  void clear_packed();
   static const int kPackedFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline bool packed() const;
-  inline void set_packed(bool value);
+  bool packed() const;
+  void set_packed(bool value);
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+  bool has_jstype() const;
+  void clear_jstype();
+  static const int kJstypeFieldNumber = 6;
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType jstype() const;
+  void set_jstype(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType value);
 
   // optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_lazy() const;
-  inline void clear_lazy();
+  bool has_lazy() const;
+  void clear_lazy();
   static const int kLazyFieldNumber = 5;
-  inline bool lazy() const;
-  inline void set_lazy(bool value);
+  bool lazy() const;
+  void set_lazy(bool value);
 
   // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_deprecated() const;
-  inline void clear_deprecated();
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  void clear_deprecated();
   static const int kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 3;
-  inline bool deprecated() const;
-  inline void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
 
   // optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_weak() const;
-  inline void clear_weak();
+  bool has_weak() const;
+  void clear_weak();
   static const int kWeakFieldNumber = 10;
-  inline bool weak() const;
-  inline void set_weak(bool value);
+  bool weak() const;
+  void set_weak(bool value);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  inline int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
-  inline void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
   static const int kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
       uninterpreted_option() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
       mutable_uninterpreted_option();
 
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(FieldOptions)
@@ -2170,6 +2393,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   inline void clear_has_ctype();
   inline void set_has_packed();
   inline void clear_has_packed();
+  inline void set_has_jstype();
+  inline void clear_has_jstype();
   inline void set_has_lazy();
   inline void clear_has_lazy();
   inline void set_has_deprecated();
@@ -2183,11 +2408,12 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   int ctype_;
+  int jstype_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
   bool packed_;
   bool lazy_;
   bool deprecated_;
   bool weak_;
-  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
   friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
@@ -2262,29 +2488,29 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional bool allow_alias = 2;
-  inline bool has_allow_alias() const;
-  inline void clear_allow_alias();
+  bool has_allow_alias() const;
+  void clear_allow_alias();
   static const int kAllowAliasFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline bool allow_alias() const;
-  inline void set_allow_alias(bool value);
+  bool allow_alias() const;
+  void set_allow_alias(bool value);
 
   // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_deprecated() const;
-  inline void clear_deprecated();
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  void clear_deprecated();
   static const int kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 3;
-  inline bool deprecated() const;
-  inline void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  inline int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
-  inline void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
   static const int kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
       uninterpreted_option() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
       mutable_uninterpreted_option();
 
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(EnumOptions)
@@ -2377,22 +2603,22 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_deprecated() const;
-  inline void clear_deprecated();
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  void clear_deprecated();
   static const int kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline bool deprecated() const;
-  inline void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  inline int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
-  inline void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
   static const int kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
       uninterpreted_option() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
       mutable_uninterpreted_option();
 
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(EnumValueOptions)
@@ -2482,22 +2708,22 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_deprecated() const;
-  inline void clear_deprecated();
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  void clear_deprecated();
   static const int kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 33;
-  inline bool deprecated() const;
-  inline void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  inline int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
-  inline void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
   static const int kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
       uninterpreted_option() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
       mutable_uninterpreted_option();
 
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(ServiceOptions)
@@ -2587,22 +2813,22 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
-  inline bool has_deprecated() const;
-  inline void clear_deprecated();
+  bool has_deprecated() const;
+  void clear_deprecated();
   static const int kDeprecatedFieldNumber = 33;
-  inline bool deprecated() const;
-  inline void set_deprecated(bool value);
+  bool deprecated() const;
+  void set_deprecated(bool value);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  inline int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
-  inline void clear_uninterpreted_option();
+  int uninterpreted_option_size() const;
+  void clear_uninterpreted_option();
   static const int kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber = 999;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption& uninterpreted_option(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* mutable_uninterpreted_option(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption* add_uninterpreted_option();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >&
       uninterpreted_option() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption >*
       mutable_uninterpreted_option();
 
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_EXTENSION_ACCESSORS(MethodOptions)
@@ -2692,23 +2918,23 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UninterpretedOption_NamePart : public ::google::protobu
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // required string name_part = 1;
-  inline bool has_name_part() const;
-  inline void clear_name_part();
+  bool has_name_part() const;
+  void clear_name_part();
   static const int kNamePartFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::std::string& name_part() const;
-  inline void set_name_part(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_name_part(const char* value);
-  inline void set_name_part(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_name_part();
-  inline ::std::string* release_name_part();
-  inline void set_allocated_name_part(::std::string* name_part);
+  const ::std::string& name_part() const;
+  void set_name_part(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name_part(const char* value);
+  void set_name_part(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name_part();
+  ::std::string* release_name_part();
+  void set_allocated_name_part(::std::string* name_part);
 
   // required bool is_extension = 2;
-  inline bool has_is_extension() const;
-  inline void clear_is_extension();
+  bool has_is_extension() const;
+  void clear_is_extension();
   static const int kIsExtensionFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline bool is_extension() const;
-  inline void set_is_extension(bool value);
+  bool is_extension() const;
+  void set_is_extension(bool value);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
  private:
@@ -2801,73 +3027,73 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UninterpretedOption : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart name = 2;
-  inline int name_size() const;
-  inline void clear_name();
+  int name_size() const;
+  void clear_name();
   static const int kNameFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart& name(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* mutable_name(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* add_name();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart& name(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* mutable_name(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart* add_name();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart >&
       name() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart >*
       mutable_name();
 
   // optional string identifier_value = 3;
-  inline bool has_identifier_value() const;
-  inline void clear_identifier_value();
+  bool has_identifier_value() const;
+  void clear_identifier_value();
   static const int kIdentifierValueFieldNumber = 3;
-  inline const ::std::string& identifier_value() const;
-  inline void set_identifier_value(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_identifier_value(const char* value);
-  inline void set_identifier_value(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_identifier_value();
-  inline ::std::string* release_identifier_value();
-  inline void set_allocated_identifier_value(::std::string* identifier_value);
+  const ::std::string& identifier_value() const;
+  void set_identifier_value(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_identifier_value(const char* value);
+  void set_identifier_value(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_identifier_value();
+  ::std::string* release_identifier_value();
+  void set_allocated_identifier_value(::std::string* identifier_value);
 
   // optional uint64 positive_int_value = 4;
-  inline bool has_positive_int_value() const;
-  inline void clear_positive_int_value();
+  bool has_positive_int_value() const;
+  void clear_positive_int_value();
   static const int kPositiveIntValueFieldNumber = 4;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::uint64 positive_int_value() const;
-  inline void set_positive_int_value(::google::protobuf::uint64 value);
+  ::google::protobuf::uint64 positive_int_value() const;
+  void set_positive_int_value(::google::protobuf::uint64 value);
 
   // optional int64 negative_int_value = 5;
-  inline bool has_negative_int_value() const;
-  inline void clear_negative_int_value();
+  bool has_negative_int_value() const;
+  void clear_negative_int_value();
   static const int kNegativeIntValueFieldNumber = 5;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::int64 negative_int_value() const;
-  inline void set_negative_int_value(::google::protobuf::int64 value);
+  ::google::protobuf::int64 negative_int_value() const;
+  void set_negative_int_value(::google::protobuf::int64 value);
 
   // optional double double_value = 6;
-  inline bool has_double_value() const;
-  inline void clear_double_value();
+  bool has_double_value() const;
+  void clear_double_value();
   static const int kDoubleValueFieldNumber = 6;
-  inline double double_value() const;
-  inline void set_double_value(double value);
+  double double_value() const;
+  void set_double_value(double value);
 
   // optional bytes string_value = 7;
-  inline bool has_string_value() const;
-  inline void clear_string_value();
+  bool has_string_value() const;
+  void clear_string_value();
   static const int kStringValueFieldNumber = 7;
-  inline const ::std::string& string_value() const;
-  inline void set_string_value(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_string_value(const char* value);
-  inline void set_string_value(const void* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_string_value();
-  inline ::std::string* release_string_value();
-  inline void set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value);
+  const ::std::string& string_value() const;
+  void set_string_value(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_string_value(const char* value);
+  void set_string_value(const void* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_string_value();
+  ::std::string* release_string_value();
+  void set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value);
 
   // optional string aggregate_value = 8;
-  inline bool has_aggregate_value() const;
-  inline void clear_aggregate_value();
+  bool has_aggregate_value() const;
+  void clear_aggregate_value();
   static const int kAggregateValueFieldNumber = 8;
-  inline const ::std::string& aggregate_value() const;
-  inline void set_aggregate_value(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_aggregate_value(const char* value);
-  inline void set_aggregate_value(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_aggregate_value();
-  inline ::std::string* release_aggregate_value();
-  inline void set_allocated_aggregate_value(::std::string* aggregate_value);
+  const ::std::string& aggregate_value() const;
+  void set_aggregate_value(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_aggregate_value(const char* value);
+  void set_aggregate_value(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_aggregate_value();
+  ::std::string* release_aggregate_value();
+  void set_allocated_aggregate_value(::std::string* aggregate_value);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
  private:
@@ -2968,52 +3194,68 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo_Location : public ::google::protobuf::Me
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
-  inline int path_size() const;
-  inline void clear_path();
+  int path_size() const;
+  void clear_path();
   static const int kPathFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::int32 path(int index) const;
-  inline void set_path(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value);
-  inline void add_path(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 path(int index) const;
+  void set_path(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  void add_path(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
       path() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
       mutable_path();
 
   // repeated int32 span = 2 [packed = true];
-  inline int span_size() const;
-  inline void clear_span();
+  int span_size() const;
+  void clear_span();
   static const int kSpanFieldNumber = 2;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::int32 span(int index) const;
-  inline void set_span(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value);
-  inline void add_span(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 span(int index) const;
+  void set_span(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  void add_span(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
       span() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
       mutable_span();
 
   // optional string leading_comments = 3;
-  inline bool has_leading_comments() const;
-  inline void clear_leading_comments();
+  bool has_leading_comments() const;
+  void clear_leading_comments();
   static const int kLeadingCommentsFieldNumber = 3;
-  inline const ::std::string& leading_comments() const;
-  inline void set_leading_comments(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_leading_comments(const char* value);
-  inline void set_leading_comments(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_leading_comments();
-  inline ::std::string* release_leading_comments();
-  inline void set_allocated_leading_comments(::std::string* leading_comments);
+  const ::std::string& leading_comments() const;
+  void set_leading_comments(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_leading_comments(const char* value);
+  void set_leading_comments(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_leading_comments();
+  ::std::string* release_leading_comments();
+  void set_allocated_leading_comments(::std::string* leading_comments);
 
   // optional string trailing_comments = 4;
-  inline bool has_trailing_comments() const;
-  inline void clear_trailing_comments();
+  bool has_trailing_comments() const;
+  void clear_trailing_comments();
   static const int kTrailingCommentsFieldNumber = 4;
-  inline const ::std::string& trailing_comments() const;
-  inline void set_trailing_comments(const ::std::string& value);
-  inline void set_trailing_comments(const char* value);
-  inline void set_trailing_comments(const char* value, size_t size);
-  inline ::std::string* mutable_trailing_comments();
-  inline ::std::string* release_trailing_comments();
-  inline void set_allocated_trailing_comments(::std::string* trailing_comments);
+  const ::std::string& trailing_comments() const;
+  void set_trailing_comments(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_trailing_comments(const char* value);
+  void set_trailing_comments(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_trailing_comments();
+  ::std::string* release_trailing_comments();
+  void set_allocated_trailing_comments(::std::string* trailing_comments);
+
+  // repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+  int leading_detached_comments_size() const;
+  void clear_leading_detached_comments();
+  static const int kLeadingDetachedCommentsFieldNumber = 6;
+  const ::std::string& leading_detached_comments(int index) const;
+  ::std::string* mutable_leading_detached_comments(int index);
+  void set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* add_leading_detached_comments();
+  void add_leading_detached_comments(const ::std::string& value);
+  void add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value);
+  void add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>& leading_detached_comments() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>* mutable_leading_detached_comments();
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
  private:
@@ -3031,6 +3273,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo_Location : public ::google::protobuf::Me
   mutable int _span_cached_byte_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr leading_comments_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr trailing_comments_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> leading_detached_comments_;
   friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
@@ -3107,15 +3350,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location location = 1;
-  inline int location_size() const;
-  inline void clear_location();
+  int location_size() const;
+  void clear_location();
   static const int kLocationFieldNumber = 1;
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location& location(int index) const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location* mutable_location(int index);
-  inline ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location* add_location();
-  inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location >&
+  const ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location& location(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location* mutable_location(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location* add_location();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location >&
       location() const;
-  inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location >*
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location >*
       mutable_location();
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
@@ -3137,6 +3380,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
 
 // ===================================================================
 
+#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 // FileDescriptorSet
 
 // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
@@ -3706,6 +3950,58 @@ inline void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 va
 
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+// DescriptorProto_ReservedRange
+
+// optional int32 start = 1;
+inline bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::has_start() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_has_start() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::clear_has_start() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::clear_start() {
+  start_ = 0;
+  clear_has_start();
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::start() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.start)
+  return start_;
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_start(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  set_has_start();
+  start_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.start)
+}
+
+// optional int32 end = 2;
+inline bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::has_end() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_has_end() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::clear_has_end() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::clear_end() {
+  end_ = 0;
+  clear_has_end();
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::end() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.end)
+  return end_;
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  set_has_end();
+  end_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.end)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 // DescriptorProto
 
 // optional string name = 1;
@@ -3984,6 +4280,90 @@ inline void DescriptorProto::set_allocated_options(::google::protobuf::MessageOp
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.options)
 }
 
+// repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+inline int DescriptorProto::reserved_range_size() const {
+  return reserved_range_.size();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::clear_reserved_range() {
+  reserved_range_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& DescriptorProto::reserved_range(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return reserved_range_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_range(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return reserved_range_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* DescriptorProto::add_reserved_range() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return reserved_range_.Add();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange >&
+DescriptorProto::reserved_range() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return reserved_range_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange >*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_range() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_range)
+  return &reserved_range_;
+}
+
+// repeated string reserved_name = 10;
+inline int DescriptorProto::reserved_name_size() const {
+  return reserved_name_.size();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::clear_reserved_name() {
+  reserved_name_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::std::string& DescriptorProto::reserved_name(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return reserved_name_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::std::string* DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_name(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return reserved_name_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value) {
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline ::std::string* DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name() {
+  return reserved_name_.Add();
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  reserved_name_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const char* value) {
+  reserved_name_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  reserved_name_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+DescriptorProto::reserved_name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return reserved_name_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
+  return &reserved_name_;
+}
+
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // FieldDescriptorProto
@@ -5416,6 +5796,136 @@ inline void FileOptions::set_cc_enable_arenas(bool value) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_enable_arenas)
 }
 
+// optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+inline bool FileOptions::has_objc_class_prefix() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00001000u) != 0;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_has_objc_class_prefix() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00001000u;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_has_objc_class_prefix() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00001000u;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_objc_class_prefix() {
+  objc_class_prefix_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_objc_class_prefix();
+}
+inline const ::std::string& FileOptions::objc_class_prefix() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+  return objc_class_prefix_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  objc_class_prefix_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value) {
+  set_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  objc_class_prefix_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  objc_class_prefix_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+inline ::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_objc_class_prefix() {
+  set_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+  return objc_class_prefix_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* FileOptions::release_objc_class_prefix() {
+  clear_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  return objc_class_prefix_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_objc_class_prefix(::std::string* objc_class_prefix) {
+  if (objc_class_prefix != NULL) {
+    set_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_objc_class_prefix();
+  }
+  objc_class_prefix_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), objc_class_prefix);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
+}
+
+// optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+inline bool FileOptions::has_csharp_namespace() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00002000u) != 0;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_has_csharp_namespace() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00002000u;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_has_csharp_namespace() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00002000u;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_csharp_namespace() {
+  csharp_namespace_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  clear_has_csharp_namespace();
+}
+inline const ::std::string& FileOptions::csharp_namespace() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+  return csharp_namespace_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const ::std::string& value) {
+  set_has_csharp_namespace();
+  csharp_namespace_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const char* value) {
+  set_has_csharp_namespace();
+  csharp_namespace_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  set_has_csharp_namespace();
+  csharp_namespace_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+inline ::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_csharp_namespace() {
+  set_has_csharp_namespace();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+  return csharp_namespace_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* FileOptions::release_csharp_namespace() {
+  clear_has_csharp_namespace();
+  return csharp_namespace_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_csharp_namespace(::std::string* csharp_namespace) {
+  if (csharp_namespace != NULL) {
+    set_has_csharp_namespace();
+  } else {
+    clear_has_csharp_namespace();
+  }
+  csharp_namespace_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), csharp_namespace);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
+}
+
+// optional bool javanano_use_deprecated_package = 38;
+inline bool FileOptions::has_javanano_use_deprecated_package() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00004000u) != 0;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_has_javanano_use_deprecated_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00004000u;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_has_javanano_use_deprecated_package() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00004000u;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::clear_javanano_use_deprecated_package() {
+  javanano_use_deprecated_package_ = false;
+  clear_has_javanano_use_deprecated_package();
+}
+inline bool FileOptions::javanano_use_deprecated_package() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.javanano_use_deprecated_package)
+  return javanano_use_deprecated_package_;
+}
+inline void FileOptions::set_javanano_use_deprecated_package(bool value) {
+  set_has_javanano_use_deprecated_package();
+  javanano_use_deprecated_package_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.javanano_use_deprecated_package)
+}
+
 // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
 inline int FileOptions::uninterpreted_option_size() const {
   return uninterpreted_option_.size();
@@ -5629,15 +6139,40 @@ inline void FieldOptions::set_packed(bool value) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.packed)
 }
 
+// optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+inline bool FieldOptions::has_jstype() const {
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::set_has_jstype() {
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::clear_has_jstype() {
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::clear_jstype() {
+  jstype_ = 0;
+  clear_has_jstype();
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::jstype() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.jstype)
+  return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType >(jstype_);
+}
+inline void FieldOptions::set_jstype(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType value) {
+  assert(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(value));
+  set_has_jstype();
+  jstype_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.jstype)
+}
+
 // optional bool lazy = 5 [default = false];
 inline bool FieldOptions::has_lazy() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FieldOptions::set_has_lazy() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
 }
 inline void FieldOptions::clear_has_lazy() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
 }
 inline void FieldOptions::clear_lazy() {
   lazy_ = false;
@@ -5655,13 +6190,13 @@ inline void FieldOptions::set_lazy(bool value) {
 
 // optional bool deprecated = 3 [default = false];
 inline bool FieldOptions::has_deprecated() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FieldOptions::set_has_deprecated() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
 }
 inline void FieldOptions::clear_has_deprecated() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
 }
 inline void FieldOptions::clear_deprecated() {
   deprecated_ = false;
@@ -5679,13 +6214,13 @@ inline void FieldOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
 
 // optional bool weak = 10 [default = false];
 inline bool FieldOptions::has_weak() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FieldOptions::set_has_weak() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
 }
 inline void FieldOptions::clear_has_weak() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
 }
 inline void FieldOptions::clear_weak() {
   weak_ = false;
@@ -6503,6 +7038,60 @@ inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_allocated_trailing_comments(::std::stri
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
 }
 
+// repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
+inline int SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments_size() const {
+  return leading_detached_comments_.size();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_leading_detached_comments() {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return leading_detached_comments_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_detached_comments(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+inline ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments() {
+  return leading_detached_comments_.Add();
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const ::std::string& value) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+inline void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  leading_detached_comments_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return leading_detached_comments_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_detached_comments() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
+  return &leading_detached_comments_;
+}
+
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // SourceCodeInfo
@@ -6537,6 +7126,49 @@ SourceCodeInfo::mutable_location() {
   return &location_;
 }
 
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
 
@@ -6567,6 +7199,11 @@ template <>
 inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType>() {
   return ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType_descriptor();
 }
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType> : ::google::protobuf::internal::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType>() {
+  return ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor();
+}
 
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
index e17c0cc8..9d3dd8fb 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
@@ -40,8 +40,12 @@
 syntax = "proto2";
 
 package google.protobuf;
+option go_package = "descriptor";
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option javanano_use_deprecated_package = true;
 option java_outer_classname = "DescriptorProtos";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.Reflection";
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
 
 // descriptor.proto must be optimized for speed because reflection-based
 // algorithms don't work during bootstrapping.
@@ -104,6 +108,18 @@ message DescriptorProto {
   repeated OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;
 
   optional MessageOptions options = 7;
+
+  // Range of reserved tag numbers. Reserved tag numbers may not be used by
+  // fields or extension ranges in the same message. Reserved ranges may
+  // not overlap.
+  message ReservedRange {
+    optional int32 start = 1; // Inclusive.
+    optional int32 end = 2;   // Exclusive.
+  }
+  repeated ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
+  // Reserved field names, which may not be used by fields in the same message.
+  // A given name may only be reserved once.
+  repeated string reserved_name = 10;
 }
 
 // Describes a field within a message.
@@ -172,9 +188,7 @@ message FieldDescriptorProto {
   optional string default_value = 7;
 
   // If set, gives the index of a oneof in the containing type's oneof_decl
-  // list.  This field is a member of that oneof.  Extensions of a oneof should
-  // not set this since the oneof to which they belong will be inferred based
-  // on the extension range containing the extension's field number.
+  // list.  This field is a member of that oneof.
   optional int32 oneof_index = 9;
 
   optional FieldOptions options = 8;
@@ -251,11 +265,11 @@ message MethodDescriptorProto {
 // * For options which will be published and used publicly by multiple
 //   independent entities, e-mail protobuf-global-extension-registry@google.com
 //   to reserve extension numbers. Simply provide your project name (e.g.
-//   Object-C plugin) and your porject website (if available) -- there's no need
-//   to explain how you intend to use them. Usually you only need one extension
-//   number. You can declare multiple options with only one extension number by
-//   putting them in a sub-message. See the Custom Options section of the docs
-//   for examples:
+//   Objective-C plugin) and your project website (if available) -- there's no
+//   need to explain how you intend to use them. Usually you only need one
+//   extension number. You can declare multiple options with only one extension
+//   number by putting them in a sub-message. See the Custom Options section of
+//   the docs for examples:
 //   https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto#options
 //   If this turns out to be popular, a web service will be set up
 //   to automatically assign option numbers.
@@ -344,12 +358,22 @@ message FileOptions {
   // least, this is a formalization for deprecating files.
   optional bool deprecated = 23 [default=false];
 
-
   // Enables the use of arenas for the proto messages in this file. This applies
   // only to generated classes for C++.
   optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default=false];
 
 
+  // Sets the objective c class prefix which is prepended to all objective c
+  // generated classes from this .proto. There is no default.
+  optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
+
+  // Namespace for generated classes; defaults to the package.
+  optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
+
+  // Whether the nano proto compiler should generate in the deprecated non-nano
+  // suffixed package.
+  optional bool javanano_use_deprecated_package = 38;
+
   // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
   repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
 
@@ -436,10 +460,31 @@ message FieldOptions {
   // The packed option can be enabled for repeated primitive fields to enable
   // a more efficient representation on the wire. Rather than repeatedly
   // writing the tag and type for each element, the entire array is encoded as
-  // a single length-delimited blob.
+  // a single length-delimited blob. In proto3, only explicit setting it to
+  // false will avoid using packed encoding.
   optional bool packed = 2;
 
 
+  // The jstype option determines the JavaScript type used for values of the
+  // field.  The option is permitted only for 64 bit integral and fixed types
+  // (int64, uint64, sint64, fixed64, sfixed64).  By default these types are
+  // represented as JavaScript strings.  This avoids loss of precision that can
+  // happen when a large value is converted to a floating point JavaScript
+  // numbers.  Specifying JS_NUMBER for the jstype causes the generated
+  // JavaScript code to use the JavaScript "number" type instead of strings.
+  // This option is an enum to permit additional types to be added,
+  // e.g. goog.math.Integer.
+  optional JSType jstype = 6 [default = JS_NORMAL];
+  enum JSType {
+    // Use the default type.
+    JS_NORMAL = 0;
+
+    // Use JavaScript strings.
+    JS_STRING = 1;
+
+    // Use JavaScript numbers.
+    JS_NUMBER = 2;
+  }
 
   // Should this field be parsed lazily?  Lazy applies only to message-type
   // fields.  It means that when the outer message is initially parsed, the
@@ -480,8 +525,6 @@ message FieldOptions {
   // For Google-internal migration only. Do not use.
   optional bool weak = 10 [default=false];
 
-
-
   // The parser stores options it doesn't recognize here. See above.
   repeated UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
 
@@ -681,6 +724,11 @@ message SourceCodeInfo {
     // A series of line comments appearing on consecutive lines, with no other
     // tokens appearing on those lines, will be treated as a single comment.
     //
+    // leading_detached_comments will keep paragraphs of comments that appear
+    // before (but not connected to) the current element. Each paragraph,
+    // separated by empty lines, will be one comment element in the repeated
+    // field.
+    //
     // Only the comment content is provided; comment markers (e.g. //) are
     // stripped out.  For block comments, leading whitespace and an asterisk
     // will be stripped from the beginning of each line other than the first.
@@ -701,6 +749,12 @@ message SourceCodeInfo {
     //   // Another line attached to qux.
     //   optional double qux = 4;
     //
+    //   // Detached comment for corge. This is not leading or trailing comments
+    //   // to qux or corge because there are blank lines separating it from
+    //   // both.
+    //
+    //   // Detached comment for corge paragraph 2.
+    //
     //   optional string corge = 5;
     //   /* Block comment attached
     //    * to corge.  Leading asterisks
@@ -708,7 +762,10 @@ message SourceCodeInfo {
     //   /* Block comment attached to
     //    * grault. */
     //   optional int32 grault = 6;
+    //
+    //   // ignored detached comments.
     optional string leading_comments = 3;
     optional string trailing_comments = 4;
+    repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc
index d024eab1..2117c020 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc
@@ -153,10 +153,10 @@ bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::AddExtension(
   if (!field.extendee().empty() && field.extendee()[0] == '.') {
     // The extension is fully-qualified.  We can use it as a lookup key in
     // the by_symbol_ table.
-    if (!InsertIfNotPresent(&by_extension_,
-                            make_pair(field.extendee().substr(1),
-                                      field.number()),
-                            value)) {
+    if (!InsertIfNotPresent(
+            &by_extension_,
+            std::make_pair(field.extendee().substr(1), field.number()),
+            value)) {
       GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Extension conflicts with extension already in database: "
                     "extend " << field.extendee() << " { "
                  << field.name() << " = " << field.number() << " }";
@@ -189,17 +189,16 @@ template <typename Value>
 Value SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::FindExtension(
     const string& containing_type,
     int field_number) {
-  return FindWithDefault(by_extension_,
-                         make_pair(containing_type, field_number),
-                         Value());
+  return FindWithDefault(
+      by_extension_, std::make_pair(containing_type, field_number), Value());
 }
 
 template <typename Value>
 bool SimpleDescriptorDatabase::DescriptorIndex<Value>::FindAllExtensionNumbers(
     const string& containing_type,
     vector<int>* output) {
-  typename map<pair<string, int>, Value >::const_iterator it =
-      by_extension_.lower_bound(make_pair(containing_type, 0));
+  typename map<pair<string, int>, Value>::const_iterator it =
+      by_extension_.lower_bound(std::make_pair(containing_type, 0));
   bool success = false;
 
   for (; it != by_extension_.end() && it->first.first == containing_type;
@@ -310,7 +309,7 @@ bool EncodedDescriptorDatabase::Add(
     const void* encoded_file_descriptor, int size) {
   FileDescriptorProto file;
   if (file.ParseFromArray(encoded_file_descriptor, size)) {
-    return index_.AddFile(file, make_pair(encoded_file_descriptor, size));
+    return index_.AddFile(file, std::make_pair(encoded_file_descriptor, size));
   } else {
     GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid file descriptor data passed to "
                   "EncodedDescriptorDatabase::Add().";
@@ -525,15 +524,16 @@ bool MergedDescriptorDatabase::FindAllExtensionNumbers(
 
   for (int i = 0; i < sources_.size(); i++) {
     if (sources_[i]->FindAllExtensionNumbers(extendee_type, &results)) {
-      copy(results.begin(), results.end(),
-           insert_iterator<set<int> >(merged_results, merged_results.begin()));
+      std::copy(
+          results.begin(), results.end(),
+          insert_iterator<set<int> >(merged_results, merged_results.begin()));
       success = true;
     }
     results.clear();
   }
 
-  copy(merged_results.begin(), merged_results.end(),
-       insert_iterator<vector<int> >(*output, output->end()));
+  std::copy(merged_results.begin(), merged_results.end(),
+            insert_iterator<vector<int> >(*output, output->end()));
 
   return success;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h
index 934e4022..86002d56 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.h
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EncodedDescriptorDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
 // A DescriptorDatabase that fetches files from a given pool.
 class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorPoolDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
  public:
-  DescriptorPoolDatabase(const DescriptorPool& pool);
+  explicit DescriptorPoolDatabase(const DescriptorPool& pool);
   ~DescriptorPoolDatabase();
 
   // implements DescriptorDatabase -----------------------------------
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MergedDescriptorDatabase : public DescriptorDatabase {
   // Merge more than two databases.  The sources remain property of the caller.
   // The vector may be deleted after the constructor returns but the
   // DescriptorDatabases need to stick around.
-  MergedDescriptorDatabase(const vector<DescriptorDatabase*>& sources);
+  explicit MergedDescriptorDatabase(const vector<DescriptorDatabase*>& sources);
   ~MergedDescriptorDatabase();
 
   // implements DescriptorDatabase -----------------------------------
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database_unittest.cc
index 6642d71b..1c03c443 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database_unittest.cc
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ TEST_P(DescriptorDatabaseTest, FindAllExtensionNumbers) {
     vector<int> numbers;
     EXPECT_TRUE(database_->FindAllExtensionNumbers("Foo", &numbers));
     ASSERT_EQ(2, numbers.size());
-    sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
+    std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
     EXPECT_EQ(5, numbers[0]);
     EXPECT_EQ(32, numbers[1]);
   }
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ TEST_F(MergedDescriptorDatabaseTest, FindAllExtensionNumbers) {
     vector<int> numbers;
     EXPECT_TRUE(forward_merged_.FindAllExtensionNumbers("Baz", &numbers));
     ASSERT_EQ(2, numbers.size());
-    sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
+    std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
     EXPECT_EQ(12, numbers[0]);
     EXPECT_EQ(13, numbers[1]);
   }
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ TEST_F(MergedDescriptorDatabaseTest, FindAllExtensionNumbers) {
     vector<int> numbers;
     EXPECT_TRUE(reverse_merged_.FindAllExtensionNumbers("Baz", &numbers));
     ASSERT_EQ(2, numbers.size());
-    sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
+    std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
     EXPECT_EQ(12, numbers[0]);
     EXPECT_EQ(13, numbers[1]);
   }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_pb2_test.py b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_pb2_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index c5a8d8a2..00000000
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_pb2_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/python
-#
-# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
-# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
-# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-# Verify that prebuild and checkedin version of descriptor_pb2.py is up to date.
-
-from google3.pyglib import resources
-from google.apputils import basetest
-
-_DESC = 'google3/net/proto2/proto/descriptor_pb2.'
-_OLD = _DESC + 'py-prebuilt'
-_NEW = _DESC + 'compiled'
-
-
-class PregeneratedFileChanged(basetest.TestCase):
-
-  def testSameText(self):
-    generated = resources.GetResource(_NEW)
-    checkedin = resources.GetResource(_OLD)
-    self.assertMultiLineEqual(
-        generated, checkedin, 'It seems that protoc _pb2 generator changed. '
-        'Please run google/protobuf/generate_descriptor_proto.sh to '
-        'regnerate a new version of %s and add it to your CL' % _OLD)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  basetest.main()
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc
index 2ceb41e5..760df097 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc
@@ -139,6 +139,14 @@ DescriptorProto::ExtensionRange* AddExtensionRange(DescriptorProto* parent,
   return result;
 }
 
+DescriptorProto::ReservedRange* AddReservedRange(DescriptorProto* parent,
+                                                 int start, int end) {
+  DescriptorProto::ReservedRange* result = parent->add_reserved_range();
+  result->set_start(start);
+  result->set_end(end);
+  return result;
+}
+
 EnumValueDescriptorProto* AddEnumValue(EnumDescriptorProto* enum_proto,
                                        const string& name, int number) {
   EnumValueDescriptorProto* result = enum_proto->add_value();
@@ -1720,6 +1728,84 @@ TEST_F(ExtensionDescriptorTest, DuplicateFieldNumber) {
 
 // ===================================================================
 
+// Test reserved fields.
+class ReservedDescriptorTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  virtual void SetUp() {
+    // Build descriptors for the following definitions:
+    //
+    //   message Foo {
+    //     reserved 2, 9 to 11, 15;
+    //     reserved "foo", "bar";
+    //   }
+
+    FileDescriptorProto foo_file;
+    foo_file.set_name("foo.proto");
+
+    DescriptorProto* foo = AddMessage(&foo_file, "Foo");
+    AddReservedRange(foo, 2, 3);
+    AddReservedRange(foo, 9, 12);
+    AddReservedRange(foo, 15, 16);
+
+    foo->add_reserved_name("foo");
+    foo->add_reserved_name("bar");
+
+    // Build the descriptors and get the pointers.
+    foo_file_ = pool_.BuildFile(foo_file);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(foo_file_ != NULL);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, foo_file_->message_type_count());
+    foo_ = foo_file_->message_type(0);
+  }
+
+  DescriptorPool pool_;
+  const FileDescriptor* foo_file_;
+  const Descriptor* foo_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ReservedDescriptorTest, ReservedRanges) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, foo_->reserved_range_count());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, foo_->reserved_range(0)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, foo_->reserved_range(0)->end);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(9, foo_->reserved_range(1)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, foo_->reserved_range(1)->end);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(15, foo_->reserved_range(2)->start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(16, foo_->reserved_range(2)->end);
+};
+
+TEST_F(ReservedDescriptorTest, IsReservedNumber) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE (foo_->IsReservedNumber(2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(3));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(8));
+  EXPECT_TRUE (foo_->IsReservedNumber(9));
+  EXPECT_TRUE (foo_->IsReservedNumber(10));
+  EXPECT_TRUE (foo_->IsReservedNumber(11));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(12));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(13));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(14));
+  EXPECT_TRUE (foo_->IsReservedNumber(15));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedNumber(16));
+};
+
+TEST_F(ReservedDescriptorTest, ReservedNames) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, foo_->reserved_name_count());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", foo_->reserved_name(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", foo_->reserved_name(1));
+};
+
+TEST_F(ReservedDescriptorTest, IsReservedName) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE (foo_->IsReservedName("foo"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE (foo_->IsReservedName("bar"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(foo_->IsReservedName("baz"));
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
+
 class MiscTest : public testing::Test {
  protected:
   // Function which makes a field descriptor of the given type.
@@ -2997,10 +3083,10 @@ class ValidationErrorTest : public testing::Test {
  protected:
   // Parse file_text as a FileDescriptorProto in text format and add it
   // to the DescriptorPool.  Expect no errors.
-  void BuildFile(const string& file_text) {
+  const FileDescriptor* BuildFile(const string& file_text) {
     FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(file_text, &file_proto));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(pool_.BuildFile(file_proto) != NULL);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(file_text, &file_proto));
+    return GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(pool_.BuildFile(file_proto));
   }
 
   // Parse file_text as a FileDescriptorProto in text format and add it
@@ -3251,6 +3337,102 @@ TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, OverlappingExtensionRanges) {
       "already-defined range 20 to 29.\n");
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedFieldError) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+    "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+    "message_type {"
+    "  name: \"Foo\""
+    "  field { name: \"foo\" number: 15 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+    "  reserved_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+    "}",
+
+    "foo.proto: Foo.foo: NUMBER: Field \"foo\" uses reserved number 15.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedExtensionRangeError) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+    "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+    "message_type {"
+    "  name: \"Foo\""
+    "  extension_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+    "  reserved_range { start: 5 end: 15 }"
+    "}",
+
+    "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Extension range 10 to 19"
+    " overlaps with reserved range 5 to 14.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedExtensionRangeAdjacent) {
+  BuildFile(
+    "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+    "message_type {"
+    "  name: \"Foo\""
+    "  extension_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+    "  reserved_range { start: 5 end: 10 }"
+    "}");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedRangeOverlap) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+    "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+    "message_type {"
+    "  name: \"Foo\""
+    "  reserved_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+    "  reserved_range { start: 5 end: 15 }"
+    "}",
+
+    "foo.proto: Foo: NUMBER: Reserved range 5 to 14"
+    " overlaps with already-defined range 10 to 19.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedNameError) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+    "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+    "message_type {"
+    "  name: \"Foo\""
+    "  field { name: \"foo\" number: 15 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+    "  field { name: \"bar\" number: 16 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+    "  field { name: \"baz\" number: 17 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+    "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+    "  reserved_name: \"bar\""
+    "}",
+
+    "foo.proto: Foo.foo: NAME: Field name \"foo\" is reserved.\n"
+    "foo.proto: Foo.bar: NAME: Field name \"bar\" is reserved.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedNameRedundant) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+    "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+    "message_type {"
+    "  name: \"Foo\""
+    "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+    "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+    "}",
+
+    "foo.proto: foo: NAME: Field name \"foo\" is reserved multiple times.\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ReservedFieldsDebugString) {
+  const FileDescriptor* file = BuildFile(
+    "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+    "message_type {"
+    "  name: \"Foo\""
+    "  reserved_name: \"foo\""
+    "  reserved_name: \"bar\""
+    "  reserved_range { start: 5 end: 6 }"
+    "  reserved_range { start: 10 end: 20 }"
+    "}");
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+    "syntax = \"proto2\";\n\n"
+    "message Foo {\n"
+    "  reserved 5, 10 to 19;\n"
+    "  reserved \"foo\", \"bar\";\n"
+    "}\n\n",
+    file->DebugString());
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, InvalidDefaults) {
   BuildFileWithErrors(
     "name: \"foo.proto\" "
@@ -3399,6 +3581,48 @@ TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldOneofIndexNegative) {
       "range for type \"Foo\".\n");
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, OneofFieldsConsecutiveDefinition) {
+  // Fields belonging to the same oneof must be defined consecutively.
+  BuildFileWithWarnings(
+      "name: \"foo.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo1\" number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 0 }"
+      "  field { name:\"bar\" number: 2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 }"
+      "  field { name:\"foo2\" number: 3 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 0 }"
+      "  oneof_decl { name:\"foos\" }"
+      "}",
+
+      "foo.proto: Foo.bar: OTHER: Fields in the same oneof must be defined "
+      "consecutively. \"bar\" cannot be defined before the completion of the "
+      "\"foos\" oneof definition.\n");
+
+  // Prevent interleaved fields, which belong to different oneofs.
+  BuildFileWithWarnings(
+      "name: \"foo2.proto\" "
+      "message_type {"
+      "  name: \"Foo2\""
+      "  field { name:\"foo1\" number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 0 }"
+      "  field { name:\"bar1\" number: 2 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 1 }"
+      "  field { name:\"foo2\" number: 3 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 0 }"
+      "  field { name:\"bar2\" number: 4 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL type:TYPE_INT32 "
+      "          oneof_index: 1 }"
+      "  oneof_decl { name:\"foos\" }"
+      "  oneof_decl { name:\"bars\" }"
+      "}",
+      "foo2.proto: Foo2.bar1: OTHER: Fields in the same oneof must be defined "
+      "consecutively. \"bar1\" cannot be defined before the completion of the "
+      "\"foos\" oneof definition.\n"
+      "foo2.proto: Foo2.foo2: OTHER: Fields in the same oneof must be defined "
+      "consecutively. \"foo2\" cannot be defined before the completion of the "
+      "\"bars\" oneof definition.\n");
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, FieldNumberConflict) {
   BuildFileWithErrors(
     "name: \"foo.proto\" "
@@ -5293,6 +5517,22 @@ TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ValidateProto3LiteRuntime) {
       "in proto3.\n");
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ValidateProto3Group) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "syntax: 'proto3' "
+      "message_type { "
+      "  name: 'Foo' "
+      "  nested_type { "
+      "    name: 'FooGroup' "
+      "  } "
+      "  field { name:'foo_group' number: 1 label:LABEL_OPTIONAL "
+      "          type: TYPE_GROUP type_name:'FooGroup' } "
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: Foo.foo_group: TYPE: Groups are not supported in proto3 "
+      "syntax.\n");
+}
+
 
 TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, ValidateProto3EnumFromProto2) {
   // Define an enum in a proto2 file.
@@ -6104,9 +6344,9 @@ TEST_F(CopySourceCodeInfoToTest, CopySourceCodeInfoTo) {
 
   file_desc->CopySourceCodeInfoTo(&file_desc_proto);
   const SourceCodeInfo& info = file_desc_proto.source_code_info();
-  ASSERT_EQ(3, info.location_size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(4, info.location_size());
   // Get the Foo message location
-  const SourceCodeInfo_Location& foo_location = info.location(1);
+  const SourceCodeInfo_Location& foo_location = info.location(2);
   ASSERT_EQ(2, foo_location.path_size());
   EXPECT_EQ(FileDescriptorProto::kMessageTypeFieldNumber, foo_location.path(0));
   EXPECT_EQ(0, foo_location.path(1));      // Foo is the first message defined
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e22ccb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/duration.proto
+
+#define INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PROTOBUF_FIELD_DEPRECATION
+#include "google/protobuf/duration.pb.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Duration_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Duration_reflection_ = NULL;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto() {
+  protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file =
+    ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
+      "google/protobuf/duration.proto");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL);
+  Duration_descriptor_ = file->message_type(0);
+  static const int Duration_offsets_[2] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Duration, seconds_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Duration, nanos_),
+  };
+  Duration_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Duration_descriptor_,
+      Duration::default_instance_,
+      Duration_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Duration),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Duration, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Duration, _is_default_instance_));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
+inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto);
+}
+
+void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Duration_descriptor_, &Duration::default_instance());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto() {
+  delete Duration::default_instance_;
+  delete Duration_reflection_;
+}
+
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto() {
+  static bool already_here = false;
+  if (already_here) return;
+  already_here = true;
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
+    "\n\036google/protobuf/duration.proto\022\017google"
+    ".protobuf\"*\n\010Duration\022\017\n\007seconds\030\001 \001(\003\022\r"
+    "\n\005nanos\030\002 \001(\005BP\n\023com.google.protobufB\rDu"
+    "rationProtoP\001\240\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf"
+    ".WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 183);
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
+    "google/protobuf/duration.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
+  Duration::default_instance_ = new Duration();
+  Duration::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto);
+}
+
+// Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
+struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto {
+  StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto() {
+    protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+  }
+} static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_;
+
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << __FILE__ << ":" << line;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Duration::kSecondsFieldNumber;
+const int Duration::kNanosFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Duration::Duration()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Duration)
+}
+
+void Duration::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+Duration::Duration(const Duration& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Duration)
+}
+
+void Duration::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  seconds_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
+  nanos_ = 0;
+}
+
+Duration::~Duration() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Duration::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void Duration::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Duration::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Duration_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Duration& Duration::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Duration* Duration::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Duration* Duration::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Duration* n = new Duration;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Duration::Clear() {
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<Duration*>(16)->f)
+
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&first, 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
+
+  ZR_(seconds_, nanos_);
+
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
+#undef ZR_
+
+}
+
+bool Duration::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional int64 seconds = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 8) {
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::int64, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT64>(
+                 input, &seconds_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(16)) goto parse_nanos;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional int32 nanos = 2;
+      case 2: {
+        if (tag == 16) {
+         parse_nanos:
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
+                 input, &nanos_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Duration::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  // optional int64 seconds = 1;
+  if (this->seconds() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt64(1, this->seconds(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 nanos = 2;
+  if (this->nanos() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(2, this->nanos(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Duration)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Duration::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  // optional int64 seconds = 1;
+  if (this->seconds() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt64ToArray(1, this->seconds(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 nanos = 2;
+  if (this->nanos() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(2, this->nanos(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Duration)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Duration::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional int64 seconds = 1;
+  if (this->seconds() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int64Size(
+        this->seconds());
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 nanos = 2;
+  if (this->nanos() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+        this->nanos());
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Duration::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Duration* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Duration>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Duration::MergeFrom(const Duration& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.seconds() != 0) {
+    set_seconds(from.seconds());
+  }
+  if (from.nanos() != 0) {
+    set_nanos(from.nanos());
+  }
+}
+
+void Duration::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Duration::CopyFrom(const Duration& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Duration::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Duration::Swap(Duration* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Duration::InternalSwap(Duration* other) {
+  std::swap(seconds_, other->seconds_);
+  std::swap(nanos_, other->nanos_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Duration::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Duration_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Duration_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Duration
+
+// optional int64 seconds = 1;
+void Duration::clear_seconds() {
+  seconds_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int64 Duration::seconds() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Duration.seconds)
+  return seconds_;
+}
+ void Duration::set_seconds(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
+  
+  seconds_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Duration.seconds)
+}
+
+// optional int32 nanos = 2;
+void Duration::clear_nanos() {
+  nanos_ = 0;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 Duration::nanos() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Duration.nanos)
+  return nanos_;
+}
+ void Duration::set_nanos(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  
+  nanos_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Duration.nanos)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..215a52c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/duration.proto
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto__INCLUDED
+#define PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto__INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3000000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3000000 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+
+class Duration;
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Duration();
+  virtual ~Duration();
+
+  Duration(const Duration& from);
+
+  inline Duration& operator=(const Duration& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Duration& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(Duration* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Duration* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Duration* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Duration& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Duration& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Duration* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional int64 seconds = 1;
+  void clear_seconds();
+  static const int kSecondsFieldNumber = 1;
+  ::google::protobuf::int64 seconds() const;
+  void set_seconds(::google::protobuf::int64 value);
+
+  // optional int32 nanos = 2;
+  void clear_nanos();
+  static const int kNanosFieldNumber = 2;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 nanos() const;
+  void set_nanos(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Duration)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int64 seconds_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 nanos_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Duration* default_instance_;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Duration
+
+// optional int64 seconds = 1;
+inline void Duration::clear_seconds() {
+  seconds_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::int64 Duration::seconds() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Duration.seconds)
+  return seconds_;
+}
+inline void Duration::set_seconds(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
+  
+  seconds_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Duration.seconds)
+}
+
+// optional int32 nanos = 2;
+inline void Duration::clear_nanos() {
+  nanos_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::int32 Duration::nanos() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Duration.nanos)
+  return nanos_;
+}
+inline void Duration::set_nanos(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  
+  nanos_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Duration.nanos)
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto__INCLUDED
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/duration.proto b/src/google/protobuf/duration.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0762c3c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/duration.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "DurationProto";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+// A Duration represents a signed, fixed-length span of time represented
+// as a count of seconds and fractions of seconds at nanosecond
+// resolution. It is independent of any calendar and concepts like "day"
+// or "month". It is related to Timestamp in that the difference between
+// two Timestamp values is a Duration and it can be added or subtracted
+// from a Timestamp. Range is approximately +-10,000 years.
+//
+// Example 1: Compute Duration from two Timestamps in pseudo code.
+//
+//     Timestamp start = ...;
+//     Timestamp end = ...;
+//     Duration duration = ...;
+//
+//     duration.seconds = end.seconds - start.seconds;
+//     duration.nanos = end.nanos - start.nanos;
+//
+//     if (duration.seconds < 0 && duration.nanos > 0) {
+//       duration.seconds += 1;
+//       duration.nanos -= 1000000000;
+//     } else if (durations.seconds > 0 && duration.nanos < 0) {
+//       duration.seconds -= 1;
+//       duration.nanos += 1000000000;
+//     }
+//
+// Example 2: Compute Timestamp from Timestamp + Duration in pseudo code.
+//
+//     Timestamp start = ...;
+//     Duration duration = ...;
+//     Timestamp end = ...;
+//
+//     end.seconds = start.seconds + duration.seconds;
+//     end.nanos = start.nanos + duration.nanos;
+//
+//     if (end.nanos < 0) {
+//       end.seconds -= 1;
+//       end.nanos += 1000000000;
+//     } else if (end.nanos >= 1000000000) {
+//       end.seconds += 1;
+//       end.nanos -= 1000000000;
+//     }
+//
+message Duration {
+  // Signed seconds of the span of time. Must be from -315,576,000,000
+  // to +315,576,000,000 inclusive.
+  int64 seconds = 1;
+
+  // Signed fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution of the span
+  // of time. Durations less than one second are represented with a 0
+  // `seconds` field and a positive or negative `nanos` field. For durations
+  // of one second or more, a non-zero value for the `nanos` field must be
+  // of the same sign as the `seconds` field. Must be from -999,999,999
+  // to +999,999,999 inclusive.
+  int32 nanos = 2;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e1c2c8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/empty.proto
+
+#define INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PROTOBUF_FIELD_DEPRECATION
+#include "google/protobuf/empty.pb.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Empty_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Empty_reflection_ = NULL;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto() {
+  protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file =
+    ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
+      "google/protobuf/empty.proto");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL);
+  Empty_descriptor_ = file->message_type(0);
+  static const int Empty_offsets_[1] = {
+  };
+  Empty_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Empty_descriptor_,
+      Empty::default_instance_,
+      Empty_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Empty),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Empty, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Empty, _is_default_instance_));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
+inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto);
+}
+
+void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Empty_descriptor_, &Empty::default_instance());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto() {
+  delete Empty::default_instance_;
+  delete Empty_reflection_;
+}
+
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto() {
+  static bool already_here = false;
+  if (already_here) return;
+  already_here = true;
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
+    "\n\033google/protobuf/empty.proto\022\017google.pr"
+    "otobuf\"\007\n\005EmptyBJ\n\023com.google.protobufB\n"
+    "EmptyProtoP\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.Wel"
+    "lKnownTypesb\006proto3", 139);
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
+    "google/protobuf/empty.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
+  Empty::default_instance_ = new Empty();
+  Empty::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto);
+}
+
+// Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
+struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto {
+  StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto() {
+    protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+  }
+} static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_;
+
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << __FILE__ << ":" << line;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Empty::Empty()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Empty)
+}
+
+void Empty::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+Empty::Empty(const Empty& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Empty)
+}
+
+void Empty::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+}
+
+Empty::~Empty() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Empty::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void Empty::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Empty::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Empty_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Empty& Empty::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Empty* Empty::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Empty* Empty::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Empty* n = new Empty;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Empty::Clear() {
+}
+
+bool Empty::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+  handle_unusual:
+    if (tag == 0 ||
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+      goto success;
+    }
+    DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Empty::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Empty)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Empty::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Empty)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Empty::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Empty::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Empty* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Empty>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Empty::MergeFrom(const Empty& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+}
+
+void Empty::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Empty::CopyFrom(const Empty& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Empty::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Empty::Swap(Empty* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Empty::InternalSwap(Empty* other) {
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Empty::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Empty_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Empty_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Empty
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..20876bea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/empty.proto
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto__INCLUDED
+#define PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto__INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3000000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3000000 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+
+class Empty;
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Empty : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Empty();
+  virtual ~Empty();
+
+  Empty(const Empty& from);
+
+  inline Empty& operator=(const Empty& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Empty& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(Empty* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Empty* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Empty* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Empty& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Empty& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Empty* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Empty)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Empty* default_instance_;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Empty
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto__INCLUDED
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/empty.proto b/src/google/protobuf/empty.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..363ec175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/empty.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "EmptyProto";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+
+// A generic empty message that you can re-use to avoid defining duplicated
+// empty messages in your APIs. A typical example is to use it as the request
+// or the response type of an API method. For instance:
+//
+//     service Foo {
+//       rpc Bar(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);
+//     }
+//
+message Empty {
+
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc
index 49087131..649ae184 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ void Register(const MessageLite* containing_type,
               int number, ExtensionInfo info) {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&registry_init_, &InitRegistry);
 
-  if (!InsertIfNotPresent(registry_, make_pair(containing_type, number),
+  if (!InsertIfNotPresent(registry_, std::make_pair(containing_type, number),
                           info)) {
     GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Multiple extension registrations for type \""
                << containing_type->GetTypeName()
@@ -107,8 +107,9 @@ void Register(const MessageLite* containing_type,
 
 const ExtensionInfo* FindRegisteredExtension(
     const MessageLite* containing_type, int number) {
-  return (registry_ == NULL) ? NULL :
-         FindOrNull(*registry_, make_pair(containing_type, number));
+  return (registry_ == NULL)
+             ? NULL
+             : FindOrNull(*registry_, std::make_pair(containing_type, number));
 }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ void ExtensionSet::Add##CAMELCASE(int number, FieldType type,                  \
     extension->is_repeated = true;                                             \
     extension->is_packed = packed;                                             \
     extension->repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value =                                  \
-      Arena::Create<RepeatedField<LOWERCASE> >(arena_, arena_);                \
+      Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<LOWERCASE> >(arena_);                 \
   } else {                                                                     \
     GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED, UPPERCASE);                              \
     GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(extension->is_packed, packed);                                   \
@@ -358,43 +359,43 @@ void* ExtensionSet::MutableRawRepeatedField(int number, FieldType field_type,
         static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(field_type))) {
       case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_INT32:
         extension->repeated_int32_value =
-            Arena::Create<RepeatedField<int32> >(arena_, arena_);
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int32> >(arena_);
         break;
       case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_INT64:
         extension->repeated_int64_value =
-            Arena::Create<RepeatedField<int64> >(arena_, arena_);
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int64> >(arena_);
         break;
       case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
         extension->repeated_uint32_value =
-            Arena::Create<RepeatedField<uint32> >(arena_, arena_);
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<uint32> >(arena_);
         break;
       case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
         extension->repeated_uint64_value =
-            Arena::Create<RepeatedField<uint64> >(arena_, arena_);
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<uint64> >(arena_);
         break;
       case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
         extension->repeated_double_value =
-            Arena::Create<RepeatedField<double> >(arena_, arena_);
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<double> >(arena_);
         break;
       case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
         extension->repeated_float_value =
-            Arena::Create<RepeatedField<float> >(arena_, arena_);
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<float> >(arena_);
         break;
       case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
         extension->repeated_bool_value =
-            Arena::Create<RepeatedField<bool> >(arena_, arena_);
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<bool> >(arena_);
         break;
       case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
         extension->repeated_enum_value =
-            Arena::Create<RepeatedField<int> >(arena_, arena_);
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int> >(arena_);
         break;
       case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_STRING:
         extension->repeated_string_value =
-            Arena::Create<RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> >(arena_, arena_);
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> >(arena_);
         break;
       case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
         extension->repeated_message_value =
-            Arena::Create<RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite> >(arena_, arena_);
+            Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite> >(arena_);
         break;
     }
   }
@@ -467,7 +468,7 @@ void ExtensionSet::AddEnum(int number, FieldType type,
     extension->is_repeated = true;
     extension->is_packed = packed;
     extension->repeated_enum_value =
-        Arena::Create<RepeatedField<int> >(arena_, arena_);
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedField<int> >(arena_);
   } else {
     GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED, ENUM);
     GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(extension->is_packed, packed);
@@ -528,7 +529,7 @@ string* ExtensionSet::AddString(int number, FieldType type,
     extension->is_repeated = true;
     extension->is_packed = false;
     extension->repeated_string_value =
-        Arena::Create<RepeatedPtrField<string> >(arena_, arena_);
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<string> >(arena_);
   } else {
     GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED, STRING);
   }
@@ -631,6 +632,35 @@ void ExtensionSet::SetAllocatedMessage(int number, FieldType type,
   extension->is_cleared = false;
 }
 
+void ExtensionSet::UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(
+    int number, FieldType type, const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+    MessageLite* message) {
+  if (message == NULL) {
+    ClearExtension(number);
+    return;
+  }
+  Extension* extension;
+  if (MaybeNewExtension(number, descriptor, &extension)) {
+    extension->type = type;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
+    extension->is_repeated = false;
+    extension->is_lazy = false;
+    extension->message_value = message;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, OPTIONAL, MESSAGE);
+    if (extension->is_lazy) {
+      extension->lazymessage_value->UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(message);
+    } else {
+      if (arena_ == NULL) {
+        delete extension->message_value;
+      }
+      extension->message_value = message;
+    }
+  }
+  extension->is_cleared = false;
+}
+
+
 MessageLite* ExtensionSet::ReleaseMessage(int number,
                                           const MessageLite& prototype) {
   map<int, Extension>::iterator iter = extensions_.find(number);
@@ -711,7 +741,7 @@ MessageLite* ExtensionSet::AddMessage(int number, FieldType type,
     GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
     extension->is_repeated = true;
     extension->repeated_message_value =
-        Arena::Create<RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite> >(arena_, arena_);
+        Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite> >(arena_);
   } else {
     GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED, MESSAGE);
   }
@@ -865,7 +895,7 @@ void ExtensionSet::InternalExtensionMergeFrom(
       case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_##UPPERCASE:                             \
         if (is_new) {                                                       \
           extension->repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value =                         \
-            Arena::Create<REPEATED_TYPE >(arena_, arena_);                  \
+            Arena::CreateMessage<REPEATED_TYPE >(arena_);                   \
         }                                                                   \
         extension->repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->MergeFrom(                 \
           *other_extension.repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value);                   \
@@ -885,7 +915,7 @@ void ExtensionSet::InternalExtensionMergeFrom(
       case WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
         if (is_new) {
           extension->repeated_message_value =
-              Arena::Create<RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite> >(arena_, arena_);
+              Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite> >(arena_);
         }
         // We can't call RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite>::MergeFrom() because
         // it would attempt to allocate new objects.
@@ -1032,7 +1062,7 @@ void ExtensionSet::SwapExtension(ExtensionSet* other,
 
   if (this_iter == extensions_.end()) {
     if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
-      extensions_.insert(make_pair(number, other_iter->second));
+      extensions_.insert(std::make_pair(number, other_iter->second));
     } else {
       InternalExtensionMergeFrom(number, other_iter->second);
     }
@@ -1042,7 +1072,7 @@ void ExtensionSet::SwapExtension(ExtensionSet* other,
 
   if (other_iter == other->extensions_.end()) {
     if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
-      other->extensions_.insert(make_pair(number, this_iter->second));
+      other->extensions_.insert(std::make_pair(number, this_iter->second));
     } else {
       other->InternalExtensionMergeFrom(number, this_iter->second);
     }
@@ -1175,6 +1205,9 @@ bool ExtensionSet::ParseFieldWithExtensionInfo(
                   extension.enum_validity_check.arg, value)) {
             AddEnum(number, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM, extension.is_packed,
                     value, extension.descriptor);
+          } else {
+            // Invalid value.  Treat as unknown.
+            field_skipper->SkipUnknownEnum(number, value);
           }
         }
         break;
@@ -1337,7 +1370,7 @@ bool ExtensionSet::MaybeNewExtension(int number,
                                      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
                                      Extension** result) {
   pair<map<int, Extension>::iterator, bool> insert_result =
-    extensions_.insert(make_pair(number, Extension()));
+      extensions_.insert(std::make_pair(number, Extension()));
   *result = &insert_result.first->second;
   (*result)->descriptor = descriptor;
   return insert_result.second;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.h b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.h
index 6d6702b3..c371e011 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.h
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ExtensionSet {
   // directly, unless you are doing low-level memory management.
   //
   // When calling any of these accessors, the extension number requested
-  // MUST exist in the DescriptorPool provided to the constructor.  Otheriwse,
+  // MUST exist in the DescriptorPool provided to the constructor.  Otherwise,
   // the method will fail an assert.  Normally, though, you would not call
   // these directly; you would either call the generated accessors of your
   // message class (e.g. GetExtension()) or you would call the accessors
@@ -262,6 +262,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ExtensionSet {
   void SetAllocatedMessage(int number, FieldType type,
                            const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
                            MessageLite* message);
+  void UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(int number, FieldType type,
+                                      const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
+                                      MessageLite* message);
   MessageLite* ReleaseMessage(int number, const MessageLite& prototype);
   MessageLite* UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(
       int number, const MessageLite& prototype);
@@ -432,6 +435,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ExtensionSet {
         const MessageLite& prototype) const = 0;
     virtual MessageLite* MutableMessage(const MessageLite& prototype) = 0;
     virtual void SetAllocatedMessage(MessageLite *message) = 0;
+    virtual void UnsafeArenaSetAllocatedMessage(MessageLite *message) = 0;
     virtual MessageLite* ReleaseMessage(const MessageLite& prototype) = 0;
     virtual MessageLite* UnsafeArenaReleaseMessage(
         const MessageLite& prototype) = 0;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc
index 5f4ca1c3..330bd828 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc
@@ -91,9 +91,10 @@ class DescriptorPoolExtensionFinder : public ExtensionFinder {
   const Descriptor* containing_type_;
 };
 
-void ExtensionSet::AppendToList(const Descriptor* containing_type,
-                                const DescriptorPool* pool,
-                                vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const {
+void ExtensionSet::AppendToList(
+    const Descriptor* containing_type,
+    const DescriptorPool* pool,
+    std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const {
   for (map<int, Extension>::const_iterator iter = extensions_.begin();
        iter != extensions_.end(); ++iter) {
     bool has = false;
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ MessageLite* ExtensionSet::AddMessage(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
     GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(cpp_type(extension->type), FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE);
     extension->is_repeated = true;
     extension->repeated_message_value =
-        ::google::protobuf::Arena::Create<RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite> >(arena_, arena_);
+        ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite> >(arena_);
   } else {
     GOOGLE_DCHECK_TYPE(*extension, REPEATED, MESSAGE);
   }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88020ef2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
+
+#define INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PROTOBUF_FIELD_DEPRECATION
+#include "google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FieldMask_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  FieldMask_reflection_ = NULL;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto() {
+  protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file =
+    ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
+      "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL);
+  FieldMask_descriptor_ = file->message_type(0);
+  static const int FieldMask_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldMask, paths_),
+  };
+  FieldMask_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      FieldMask_descriptor_,
+      FieldMask::default_instance_,
+      FieldMask_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(FieldMask),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldMask, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldMask, _is_default_instance_));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
+inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto);
+}
+
+void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      FieldMask_descriptor_, &FieldMask::default_instance());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto() {
+  delete FieldMask::default_instance_;
+  delete FieldMask_reflection_;
+}
+
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto() {
+  static bool already_here = false;
+  if (already_here) return;
+  already_here = true;
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
+    "\n google/protobuf/field_mask.proto\022\017goog"
+    "le.protobuf\"\032\n\tFieldMask\022\r\n\005paths\030\001 \003(\tB"
+    "N\n\023com.google.protobufB\016FieldMaskProtoP\001"
+    "\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb"
+    "\006proto3", 167);
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
+    "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
+  FieldMask::default_instance_ = new FieldMask();
+  FieldMask::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto);
+}
+
+// Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
+struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto {
+  StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto() {
+    protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
+  }
+} static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_;
+
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << __FILE__ << ":" << line;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int FieldMask::kPathsFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+FieldMask::FieldMask()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+}
+
+void FieldMask::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+FieldMask::FieldMask(const FieldMask& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+}
+
+void FieldMask::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+}
+
+FieldMask::~FieldMask() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void FieldMask::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldMask::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FieldMask::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return FieldMask_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const FieldMask& FieldMask::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+FieldMask* FieldMask::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+FieldMask* FieldMask::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  FieldMask* n = new FieldMask;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void FieldMask::Clear() {
+  paths_.Clear();
+}
+
+bool FieldMask::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // repeated string paths = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+         parse_paths:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->add_paths()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->paths(this->paths_size() - 1).data(),
+            this->paths(this->paths_size() - 1).length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(10)) goto parse_paths;
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void FieldMask::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  // repeated string paths = 1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->paths_size(); i++) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+    this->paths(i).data(), this->paths(i).length(),
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+    "google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteString(
+      1, this->paths(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* FieldMask::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  // repeated string paths = 1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->paths_size(); i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->paths(i).data(), this->paths(i).length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths");
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteStringToArray(1, this->paths(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int FieldMask::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // repeated string paths = 1;
+  total_size += 1 * this->paths_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->paths_size(); i++) {
+    total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+      this->paths(i));
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void FieldMask::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const FieldMask* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FieldMask>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void FieldMask::MergeFrom(const FieldMask& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  paths_.MergeFrom(from.paths_);
+}
+
+void FieldMask::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void FieldMask::CopyFrom(const FieldMask& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool FieldMask::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void FieldMask::Swap(FieldMask* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void FieldMask::InternalSwap(FieldMask* other) {
+  paths_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->paths_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata FieldMask::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = FieldMask_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = FieldMask_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// FieldMask
+
+// repeated string paths = 1;
+int FieldMask::paths_size() const {
+  return paths_.size();
+}
+void FieldMask::clear_paths() {
+  paths_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::std::string& FieldMask::paths(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return paths_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::std::string* FieldMask::mutable_paths(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return paths_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+ void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const char* value) {
+  paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+ void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+ ::std::string* FieldMask::add_paths() {
+  return paths_.Add();
+}
+ void FieldMask::add_paths(const ::std::string& value) {
+  paths_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+ void FieldMask::add_paths(const char* value) {
+  paths_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+ void FieldMask::add_paths(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  paths_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+FieldMask::paths() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return paths_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+FieldMask::mutable_paths() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return &paths_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7189fd79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto__INCLUDED
+#define PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto__INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3000000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3000000 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
+
+class FieldMask;
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldMask : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  FieldMask();
+  virtual ~FieldMask();
+
+  FieldMask(const FieldMask& from);
+
+  inline FieldMask& operator=(const FieldMask& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const FieldMask& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(FieldMask* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline FieldMask* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  FieldMask* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const FieldMask& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const FieldMask& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(FieldMask* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // repeated string paths = 1;
+  int paths_size() const;
+  void clear_paths();
+  static const int kPathsFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::std::string& paths(int index) const;
+  ::std::string* mutable_paths(int index);
+  void set_paths(int index, const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_paths(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_paths(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* add_paths();
+  void add_paths(const ::std::string& value);
+  void add_paths(const char* value);
+  void add_paths(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>& paths() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>* mutable_paths();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> paths_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static FieldMask* default_instance_;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// FieldMask
+
+// repeated string paths = 1;
+inline int FieldMask::paths_size() const {
+  return paths_.size();
+}
+inline void FieldMask::clear_paths() {
+  paths_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::std::string& FieldMask::paths(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return paths_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::std::string* FieldMask::mutable_paths(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return paths_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+inline void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const char* value) {
+  paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+inline void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+inline ::std::string* FieldMask::add_paths() {
+  return paths_.Add();
+}
+inline void FieldMask::add_paths(const ::std::string& value) {
+  paths_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+inline void FieldMask::add_paths(const char* value) {
+  paths_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+inline void FieldMask::add_paths(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  paths_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+FieldMask::paths() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return paths_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+FieldMask::mutable_paths() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
+  return &paths_;
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto__INCLUDED
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto b/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c19f4410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "FieldMaskProto";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+
+// `FieldMask` represents a set of symbolic field paths, for example:
+//
+//     paths: "f.a"
+//     paths: "f.b.d"
+//
+// Here `f` represents a field in some root message, `a` and `b`
+// fields in the message found in `f`, and `d` a field found in the
+// message in `f.b`.
+//
+// Field masks are used to specify a subset of fields that should be
+// returned by a get operation or modified by an update operation.
+// Field masks also have a custom JSON encoding (see below).
+//
+// # Field Masks in Projections
+// When used in the context of a projection, a response message or
+// sub-message is filtered by the API to only contain those fields as
+// specified in the mask. For example, if the mask in the previous
+// example is applied to a response message as follows:
+//
+//     f {
+//       a : 22
+//       b {
+//         d : 1
+//         x : 2
+//       }
+//       y : 13
+//     }
+//     z: 8
+//
+// The result will not contain specific values for fields x,y and z
+// (there value will be set to the default, and omitted in proto text
+// output):
+//
+//
+//     f {
+//       a : 22
+//       b {
+//         d : 1
+//       }
+//     }
+//
+// A repeated field is not allowed except at the last position of a
+// field mask.
+//
+// If a FieldMask object is not present in a get operation, the
+// operation applies to all fields (as if a FieldMask of all fields
+// had been specified).
+//
+// Note that a field mask does not necessarily applies to the
+// top-level response message. In case of a REST get operation, the
+// field mask applies directly to the response, but in case of a REST
+// list operation, the mask instead applies to each individual message
+// in the returned resource list. In case of a REST custom method,
+// other definitions may be used. Where the mask applies will be
+// clearly documented together with its declaration in the API.  In
+// any case, the effect on the returned resource/resources is required
+// behavior for APIs.
+//
+// # Field Masks in Update Operations
+// A field mask in update operations specifies which fields of the
+// targeted resource are going to be updated. The API is required
+// to only change the values of the fields as specified in the mask
+// and leave the others untouched. If a resource is passed in to
+// describe the updated values, the API ignores the values of all
+// fields not covered by the mask.
+//
+// In order to reset a field's value to the default, the field must
+// be in the mask and set to the default value in the provided resource.
+// Hence, in order to reset all fields of a resource, provide a default
+// instance of the resource and set all fields in the mask, or do
+// not provide a mask as described below.
+//
+// If a field mask is not present on update, the operation applies to
+// all fields (as if a field mask of all fields has been specified).
+// Note that in the presence of schema evolution, this may mean that
+// fields the client does not know and has therefore not filled into
+// the request will be reset to their default. If this is unwanted
+// behavior, a specific service may require a client to always specify
+// a field mask, producing an error if not.
+//
+// As with get operations, the location of the resource which
+// describes the updated values in the request message depends on the
+// operation kind. In any case, the effect of the field mask is
+// required to be honored by the API.
+//
+// ## Considerations for HTTP REST
+// The HTTP kind of an update operation which uses a field mask must
+// be set to PATCH instead of PUT in order to satisfy HTTP semantics
+// (PUT must only be used for full updates).
+//
+// # JSON Encoding of Field Masks
+// In JSON, a field mask is encoded as a single string where paths are
+// separated by a comma. Fields name in each path are converted
+// to/from lower-camel naming conventions.
+//
+// As an example, consider the following message declarations:
+//
+//     message Profile {
+//       User user = 1;
+//       Photo photo = 2;
+//     }
+//     message User {
+//       string display_name = 1;
+//       string address = 2;
+//     }
+//
+// In proto a field mask for `Profile` may look as such:
+//
+//     mask {
+//       paths: "user.display_name"
+//       paths: "photo"
+//     }
+//
+// In JSON, the same mask is represented as below:
+//
+//     {
+//       mask: "user.displayName,photo"
+//     }
+//
+message FieldMask {
+  // The set of field mask paths.
+  repeated string paths = 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h b/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h
index 3852cea5..fdcdc277 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/template_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h>
 
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
@@ -50,10 +51,6 @@ namespace protobuf {
 
 namespace protobuf {
 
-// This type trait can be used to cause templates to only match proto2 enum
-// types.
-template <typename T> struct is_proto_enum : ::google::protobuf::internal::false_type {};
-
 // Returns the EnumDescriptor for enum type E, which must be a
 // proto-declared enum type.  Code generated by the protocol compiler
 // will include specializations of this template for each enum type declared.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h b/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e4242055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_ENUM_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_ENUM_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/template_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// This type trait can be used to cause templates to only match proto2 enum
+// types.
+template <typename T> struct is_proto_enum : ::google::protobuf::internal::false_type {};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_ENUM_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc
index b500b9c5..412c48a1 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc
@@ -247,8 +247,14 @@ namespace {
 UnknownFieldSet* empty_unknown_field_set_ = NULL;
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(empty_unknown_field_set_once_);
 
+void DeleteEmptyUnknownFieldSet() {
+  delete empty_unknown_field_set_;
+  empty_unknown_field_set_ = NULL;
+}
+
 void InitEmptyUnknownFieldSet() {
   empty_unknown_field_set_ = new UnknownFieldSet;
+  internal::OnShutdown(&DeleteEmptyUnknownFieldSet);
 }
 
 const UnknownFieldSet& GetEmptyUnknownFieldSet() {
@@ -989,6 +995,7 @@ void GeneratedMessageReflection::ListFields(
   // Optimization:  The default instance never has any fields set.
   if (&message == default_instance_) return;
 
+  output->reserve(descriptor_->field_count());
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
     const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
     if (field->is_repeated()) {
@@ -1012,7 +1019,7 @@ void GeneratedMessageReflection::ListFields(
   }
 
   // ListFields() must sort output by field number.
-  sort(output->begin(), output->end(), FieldNumberSorter());
+  std::sort(output->begin(), output->end(), FieldNumberSorter());
 }
 
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1428,6 +1435,8 @@ const Message& GeneratedMessageReflection::GetMessage(
 Message* GeneratedMessageReflection::MutableMessage(
     Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
     MessageFactory* factory) const {
+  USAGE_CHECK_ALL(MutableMessage, SINGULAR, MESSAGE);
+
   if (factory == NULL) factory = message_factory_;
 
   if (field->is_extension()) {
@@ -1966,26 +1975,28 @@ inline void GeneratedMessageReflection::ClearOneof(
   uint32 oneof_case = GetOneofCase(*message, oneof_descriptor);
   if (oneof_case > 0) {
     const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->FindFieldByNumber(oneof_case);
-    switch (field->cpp_type()) {
-      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
-        switch (field->options().ctype()) {
-          default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
-          case FieldOptions::STRING: {
-            const string* default_ptr =
-                &DefaultRaw<ArenaStringPtr>(field).Get(NULL);
-            MutableField<ArenaStringPtr>(message, field)->
-                Destroy(default_ptr, GetArena(message));
-            break;
+    if (GetArena(message) == NULL) {
+      switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+          switch (field->options().ctype()) {
+            default:  // TODO(kenton):  Support other string reps.
+            case FieldOptions::STRING: {
+              const string* default_ptr =
+                  &DefaultRaw<ArenaStringPtr>(field).Get(NULL);
+              MutableField<ArenaStringPtr>(message, field)->
+                  Destroy(default_ptr, GetArena(message));
+              break;
+            }
           }
+          break;
         }
-        break;
-      }
 
-      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
-        delete *MutableRaw<Message*>(message, field);
-        break;
-      default:
-        break;
+        case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+          delete *MutableRaw<Message*>(message, field);
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
     }
 
     *MutableOneofCase(message, oneof_descriptor) = 0;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h
index 4dddf6c7..dc8abb98 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 // TODO(jasonh): Remove this once the compiler change to directly include this
 // is released to components.
@@ -597,6 +598,42 @@ inline To dynamic_cast_if_available(From from) {
 #endif
 }
 
+// Tries to downcast this message to a generated message type.
+// Returns NULL if this class is not an instance of T.
+//
+// This is like dynamic_cast_if_available, except it works even when
+// dynamic_cast is not available by using Reflection.  However it only works
+// with Message objects.
+//
+// TODO(haberman): can we remove dynamic_cast_if_available in favor of this?
+template <typename T>
+T* DynamicCastToGenerated(const Message* from) {
+  // Compile-time assert that T is a generated type that has a
+  // default_instance() accessor, but avoid actually calling it.
+  const T&(*get_default_instance)() = &T::default_instance;
+  (void)get_default_instance;
+
+  // Compile-time assert that T is a subclass of google::protobuf::Message.
+  const Message* unused = static_cast<T*>(NULL);
+  (void)unused;
+
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI) || \
+  (defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_CPPRTTI))
+  bool ok = &T::default_instance() ==
+            from->GetReflection()->GetMessageFactory()->GetPrototype(
+                from->GetDescriptor());
+  return ok ? down_cast<T*>(from) : NULL;
+#else
+  return dynamic_cast<T*>(from);
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T* DynamicCastToGenerated(Message* from) {
+  const Message* message_const = from;
+  return const_cast<T*>(DynamicCastToGenerated<const T>(message_const));
+}
+
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace protobuf
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h
index 678f92a7..6357e27d 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@
 namespace google {
 
 namespace protobuf {
+
+class Arena;
+namespace io { class CodedInputStream; }
+
 namespace internal {
 
 
@@ -106,6 +110,15 @@ template <class Type> bool AllAreInitialized(const Type& t) {
   return true;
 }
 
+class ArenaString;
+
+// Read a length (varint32), followed by a string, from *input.  Return a
+// pointer to a copy of the string that resides in *arena.  Requires both
+// args to be non-NULL.  If something goes wrong while reading the data
+// then NULL is returned (e.g., input does not start with a valid varint).
+ArenaString* ReadArenaString(::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                             ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
+
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace protobuf
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
index df88205c..3b8650d6 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
@@ -153,7 +153,12 @@ void CodedInputStream::PopLimit(Limit limit) {
 
 std::pair<CodedInputStream::Limit, int>
 CodedInputStream::IncrementRecursionDepthAndPushLimit(int byte_limit) {
-  return make_pair(PushLimit(byte_limit), --recursion_budget_);
+  return std::make_pair(PushLimit(byte_limit), --recursion_budget_);
+}
+
+CodedInputStream::Limit CodedInputStream::ReadLengthAndPushLimit() {
+  uint32 length;
+  return PushLimit(ReadVarint32(&length) ? length : 0);
 }
 
 bool CodedInputStream::DecrementRecursionDepthAndPopLimit(Limit limit) {
@@ -164,6 +169,12 @@ bool CodedInputStream::DecrementRecursionDepthAndPopLimit(Limit limit) {
   return result;
 }
 
+bool CodedInputStream::CheckEntireMessageConsumedAndPopLimit(Limit limit) {
+  bool result = ConsumedEntireMessage();
+  PopLimit(limit);
+  return result;
+}
+
 int CodedInputStream::BytesUntilLimit() const {
   if (current_limit_ == INT_MAX) return -1;
   int current_position = CurrentPosition();
@@ -245,20 +256,7 @@ bool CodedInputStream::GetDirectBufferPointer(const void** data, int* size) {
 }
 
 bool CodedInputStream::ReadRaw(void* buffer, int size) {
-  int current_buffer_size;
-  while ((current_buffer_size = BufferSize()) < size) {
-    // Reading past end of buffer.  Copy what we have, then refresh.
-    memcpy(buffer, buffer_, current_buffer_size);
-    buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(buffer) + current_buffer_size;
-    size -= current_buffer_size;
-    Advance(current_buffer_size);
-    if (!Refresh()) return false;
-  }
-
-  memcpy(buffer, buffer_, size);
-  Advance(size);
-
-  return true;
+  return InternalReadRawInline(buffer, size);
 }
 
 bool CodedInputStream::ReadString(string* buffer, int size) {
@@ -336,17 +334,23 @@ bool CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian64Fallback(uint64* value) {
 
 namespace {
 
-inline const uint8* ReadVarint32FromArray(
-    const uint8* buffer, uint32* value) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE;
-inline const uint8* ReadVarint32FromArray(const uint8* buffer, uint32* value) {
+// Read a varint from the given buffer, write it to *value, and return a pair.
+// The first part of the pair is true iff the read was successful.  The second
+// part is buffer + (number of bytes read).  This function is always inlined,
+// so returning a pair is costless.
+inline ::std::pair<bool, const uint8*> ReadVarint32FromArray(
+    uint32 first_byte, const uint8* buffer,
+    uint32* value) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+inline ::std::pair<bool, const uint8*> ReadVarint32FromArray(
+    uint32 first_byte, const uint8* buffer, uint32* value) {
   // Fast path:  We have enough bytes left in the buffer to guarantee that
   // this read won't cross the end, so we can skip the checks.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(*buffer, first_byte);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(first_byte & 0x80, 0x80) << first_byte;
   const uint8* ptr = buffer;
   uint32 b;
-  uint32 result;
-
-  b = *(ptr++); result  = b      ; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
-  result -= 0x80;
+  uint32 result = first_byte - 0x80;
+  ++ptr;  // We just processed the first byte.  Move on to the second.
   b = *(ptr++); result += b <<  7; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
   result -= 0x80 << 7;
   b = *(ptr++); result += b << 14; if (!(b & 0x80)) goto done;
@@ -364,38 +368,42 @@ inline const uint8* ReadVarint32FromArray(const uint8* buffer, uint32* value) {
 
   // We have overrun the maximum size of a varint (10 bytes).  Assume
   // the data is corrupt.
-  return NULL;
+  return std::make_pair(false, ptr);
 
  done:
   *value = result;
-  return ptr;
+  return std::make_pair(true, ptr);
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarint32Slow(uint32* value) {
-  uint64 result;
   // Directly invoke ReadVarint64Fallback, since we already tried to optimize
   // for one-byte varints.
-  if (!ReadVarint64Fallback(&result)) return false;
-  *value = (uint32)result;
-  return true;
+  std::pair<uint64, bool> p = ReadVarint64Fallback();
+  *value = static_cast<uint32>(p.first);
+  return p.second;
 }
 
-bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarint32Fallback(uint32* value) {
+int64 CodedInputStream::ReadVarint32Fallback(uint32 first_byte_or_zero) {
   if (BufferSize() >= kMaxVarintBytes ||
       // Optimization:  We're also safe if the buffer is non-empty and it ends
       // with a byte that would terminate a varint.
       (buffer_end_ > buffer_ && !(buffer_end_[-1] & 0x80))) {
-    const uint8* end = ReadVarint32FromArray(buffer_, value);
-    if (end == NULL) return false;
-    buffer_ = end;
-    return true;
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(first_byte_or_zero, 0)
+        << "Caller should provide us with *buffer_ when buffer is non-empty";
+    uint32 temp;
+    ::std::pair<bool, const uint8*> p =
+          ReadVarint32FromArray(first_byte_or_zero, buffer_, &temp);
+    if (!p.first) return -1;
+    buffer_ = p.second;
+    return temp;
   } else {
     // Really slow case: we will incur the cost of an extra function call here,
     // but moving this out of line reduces the size of this function, which
     // improves the common case. In micro benchmarks, this is worth about 10-15%
-    return ReadVarint32Slow(value);
+    uint32 temp;
+    return ReadVarint32Slow(&temp) ? static_cast<int64>(temp) : -1;
   }
 }
 
@@ -425,18 +433,24 @@ uint32 CodedInputStream::ReadTagSlow() {
   return static_cast<uint32>(result);
 }
 
-uint32 CodedInputStream::ReadTagFallback() {
+uint32 CodedInputStream::ReadTagFallback(uint32 first_byte_or_zero) {
   const int buf_size = BufferSize();
   if (buf_size >= kMaxVarintBytes ||
       // Optimization:  We're also safe if the buffer is non-empty and it ends
       // with a byte that would terminate a varint.
       (buf_size > 0 && !(buffer_end_[-1] & 0x80))) {
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(first_byte_or_zero, buffer_[0]);
+    if (first_byte_or_zero == 0) {
+      ++buffer_;
+      return 0;
+    }
     uint32 tag;
-    const uint8* end = ReadVarint32FromArray(buffer_, &tag);
-    if (end == NULL) {
+    ::std::pair<bool, const uint8*> p =
+        ReadVarint32FromArray(first_byte_or_zero, buffer_, &tag);
+    if (!p.first) {
       return 0;
     }
-    buffer_ = end;
+    buffer_ = p.second;
     return tag;
   } else {
     // We are commonly at a limit when attempting to read tags. Try to quickly
@@ -479,7 +493,7 @@ bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarint64Slow(uint64* value) {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarint64Fallback(uint64* value) {
+std::pair<uint64, bool> CodedInputStream::ReadVarint64Fallback() {
   if (BufferSize() >= kMaxVarintBytes ||
       // Optimization:  We're also safe if the buffer is non-empty and it ends
       // with a byte that would terminate a varint.
@@ -517,16 +531,18 @@ bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarint64Fallback(uint64* value) {
 
     // We have overrun the maximum size of a varint (10 bytes).  The data
     // must be corrupt.
-    return false;
+    return std::make_pair(0, false);
 
    done:
     Advance(ptr - buffer_);
-    *value = (static_cast<uint64>(part0)      ) |
-             (static_cast<uint64>(part1) << 28) |
-             (static_cast<uint64>(part2) << 56);
-    return true;
+    return std::make_pair((static_cast<uint64>(part0)) |
+                              (static_cast<uint64>(part1) << 28) |
+                              (static_cast<uint64>(part2) << 56),
+                          true);
   } else {
-    return ReadVarint64Slow(value);
+    uint64 temp;
+    bool success = ReadVarint64Slow(&temp);
+    return std::make_pair(temp, success);
   }
 }
 
@@ -613,8 +629,15 @@ CodedOutputStream::CodedOutputStream(ZeroCopyOutputStream* output)
 }
 
 CodedOutputStream::~CodedOutputStream() {
+  Trim();
+}
+
+void CodedOutputStream::Trim() {
   if (buffer_size_ > 0) {
     output_->BackUp(buffer_size_);
+    total_bytes_ -= buffer_size_;
+    buffer_size_ = 0;
+    buffer_ = NULL;
   }
 }
 
@@ -662,12 +685,7 @@ void CodedOutputStream::WriteAliasedRaw(const void* data, int size) {
       ) {
     WriteRaw(data, size);
   } else {
-    if (buffer_size_ > 0) {
-      output_->BackUp(buffer_size_);
-      total_bytes_ -= buffer_size_;
-      buffer_ = NULL;
-      buffer_size_ = 0;
-    }
+    Trim();
 
     total_bytes_ += size;
     had_error_ |= !output_->WriteAliasedRaw(data, size);
@@ -704,61 +722,12 @@ void CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian64(uint64 value) {
   }
 }
 
-inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32FallbackToArrayInline(
-    uint32 value, uint8* target) {
-  target[0] = static_cast<uint8>(value | 0x80);
-  if (value >= (1 << 7)) {
-    target[1] = static_cast<uint8>((value >>  7) | 0x80);
-    if (value >= (1 << 14)) {
-      target[2] = static_cast<uint8>((value >> 14) | 0x80);
-      if (value >= (1 << 21)) {
-        target[3] = static_cast<uint8>((value >> 21) | 0x80);
-        if (value >= (1 << 28)) {
-          target[4] = static_cast<uint8>(value >> 28);
-          return target + 5;
-        } else {
-          target[3] &= 0x7F;
-          return target + 4;
-        }
-      } else {
-        target[2] &= 0x7F;
-        return target + 3;
-      }
-    } else {
-      target[1] &= 0x7F;
-      return target + 2;
-    }
-  } else {
-    target[0] &= 0x7F;
-    return target + 1;
-  }
-}
-
-void CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32(uint32 value) {
-  if (buffer_size_ >= kMaxVarint32Bytes) {
-    // Fast path:  We have enough bytes left in the buffer to guarantee that
-    // this write won't cross the end, so we can skip the checks.
-    uint8* target = buffer_;
-    uint8* end = WriteVarint32FallbackToArrayInline(value, target);
-    int size = end - target;
-    Advance(size);
-  } else {
-    // Slow path:  This write might cross the end of the buffer, so we
-    // compose the bytes first then use WriteRaw().
-    uint8 bytes[kMaxVarint32Bytes];
-    int size = 0;
-    while (value > 0x7F) {
-      bytes[size++] = (static_cast<uint8>(value) & 0x7F) | 0x80;
-      value >>= 7;
-    }
-    bytes[size++] = static_cast<uint8>(value) & 0x7F;
-    WriteRaw(bytes, size);
-  }
-}
-
-uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32FallbackToArray(
-    uint32 value, uint8* target) {
-  return WriteVarint32FallbackToArrayInline(value, target);
+void CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32SlowPath(uint32 value) {
+  uint8 bytes[kMaxVarint32Bytes];
+  uint8* target = &bytes[0];
+  uint8* end = WriteVarint32ToArray(value, target);
+  int size = end - target;
+  WriteRaw(bytes, size);
 }
 
 inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint64ToArrayInline(
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h
index 978cc19d..ad351dc3 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
-  #if defined(_M_IX86) && \
-      !defined(PROTOBUF_DISABLE_LITTLE_ENDIAN_OPT_FOR_TEST)
+  // Assuming windows is always little-endian.
+  #if !defined(PROTOBUF_DISABLE_LITTLE_ENDIAN_OPT_FOR_TEST)
     #define PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN 1
   #endif
   #if _MSC_VER >= 1300
@@ -197,6 +197,11 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedInputStream {
   // Read raw bytes, copying them into the given buffer.
   bool ReadRaw(void* buffer, int size);
 
+  // Like the above, with inlined optimizations. This should only be used
+  // by the protobuf implementation.
+  inline bool InternalReadRawInline(void* buffer,
+                                    int size) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE;
+
   // Like ReadRaw, but reads into a string.
   //
   // Implementation Note:  ReadString() grows the string gradually as it
@@ -387,9 +392,14 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedInputStream {
   // under the limit, false if it has gone over.
   bool IncrementRecursionDepth();
 
-  // Decrements the recursion depth.
+  // Decrements the recursion depth if possible.
   void DecrementRecursionDepth();
 
+  // Decrements the recursion depth blindly.  This is faster than
+  // DecrementRecursionDepth().  It should be used only if all previous
+  // increments to recursion depth were successful.
+  void UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+
   // Shorthand for make_pair(PushLimit(byte_limit), --recursion_budget_).
   // Using this can reduce code size and complexity in some cases.  The caller
   // is expected to check that the second part of the result is non-negative (to
@@ -398,15 +408,25 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedInputStream {
   std::pair<CodedInputStream::Limit, int> IncrementRecursionDepthAndPushLimit(
       int byte_limit);
 
+  // Shorthand for PushLimit(ReadVarint32(&length) ? length : 0).
+  Limit ReadLengthAndPushLimit();
+
   // Helper that is equivalent to: {
   //  bool result = ConsumedEntireMessage();
   //  PopLimit(limit);
-  //  DecrementRecursionDepth();
+  //  UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
   //  return result; }
   // Using this can reduce code size and complexity in some cases.
   // Do not use unless the current recursion depth is greater than zero.
   bool DecrementRecursionDepthAndPopLimit(Limit limit);
 
+  // Helper that is equivalent to: {
+  //  bool result = ConsumedEntireMessage();
+  //  PopLimit(limit);
+  //  return result; }
+  // Using this can reduce code size and complexity in some cases.
+  bool CheckEntireMessageConsumedAndPopLimit(Limit limit);
+
   // Extension Registry ----------------------------------------------
   // ADVANCED USAGE:  99.9% of people can ignore this section.
   //
@@ -568,9 +588,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedInputStream {
   // optimization. The Slow method is yet another fallback when the buffer is
   // not large enough. Making the slow path out-of-line speeds up the common
   // case by 10-15%. The slow path is fairly uncommon: it only triggers when a
-  // message crosses multiple buffers.
-  bool ReadVarint32Fallback(uint32* value);
-  bool ReadVarint64Fallback(uint64* value);
+  // message crosses multiple buffers.  Note: ReadVarint32Fallback() and
+  // ReadVarint64Fallback() are called frequently and generally not inlined, so
+  // they have been optimized to avoid "out" parameters.  The former returns -1
+  // if it fails and the uint32 it read otherwise.  The latter has a bool
+  // indicating success or failure as part of its return type.
+  int64 ReadVarint32Fallback(uint32 first_byte_or_zero);
+  std::pair<uint64, bool> ReadVarint64Fallback();
   bool ReadVarint32Slow(uint32* value);
   bool ReadVarint64Slow(uint64* value);
   bool ReadLittleEndian32Fallback(uint32* value);
@@ -578,7 +602,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedInputStream {
   // Fallback/slow methods for reading tags. These do not update last_tag_,
   // but will set legitimate_message_end_ if we are at the end of the input
   // stream.
-  uint32 ReadTagFallback();
+  uint32 ReadTagFallback(uint32 first_byte_or_zero);
   uint32 ReadTagSlow();
   bool ReadStringFallback(string* buffer, int size);
 
@@ -647,6 +671,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedOutputStream {
   // ZeroCopyOutputStream immediately after the last byte written.
   ~CodedOutputStream();
 
+  // Trims any unused space in the underlying buffer so that its size matches
+  // the number of bytes written by this stream. The underlying buffer will
+  // automatically be trimmed when this stream is destroyed; this call is only
+  // necessary if the underlying buffer is accessed *before* the stream is
+  // destroyed.
+  void Trim();
+
   // Skips a number of bytes, leaving the bytes unmodified in the underlying
   // buffer.  Returns false if an underlying write error occurs.  This is
   // mainly useful with GetDirectBufferPointer().
@@ -789,7 +820,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedOutputStream {
   // ZeroCopyOutputStream supports it.
   void WriteAliasedRaw(const void* buffer, int size);
 
-  static uint8* WriteVarint32FallbackToArray(uint32 value, uint8* target);
+  // If this write might cross the end of the buffer, we compose the bytes first
+  // then use WriteRaw().
+  void WriteVarint32SlowPath(uint32 value);
 
   // Always-inlined versions of WriteVarint* functions so that code can be
   // reused, while still controlling size. For instance, WriteVarint32ToArray()
@@ -798,8 +831,6 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedOutputStream {
   // WriteVarint32FallbackToArray.  Meanwhile, WriteVarint32() is already
   // out-of-line, so it should just invoke this directly to avoid any extra
   // function call overhead.
-  static uint8* WriteVarint32FallbackToArrayInline(
-      uint32 value, uint8* target) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE;
   static uint8* WriteVarint64ToArrayInline(
       uint64 value, uint8* target) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE;
 
@@ -811,13 +842,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedOutputStream {
 // methods optimize for that case.
 
 inline bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarint32(uint32* value) {
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(buffer_ < buffer_end_) && *buffer_ < 0x80) {
-    *value = *buffer_;
-    Advance(1);
-    return true;
-  } else {
-    return ReadVarint32Fallback(value);
+  uint32 v = 0;
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(buffer_ < buffer_end_)) {
+    v = *buffer_;
+    if (v < 0x80) {
+      *value = v;
+      Advance(1);
+      return true;
+    }
   }
+  int64 result = ReadVarint32Fallback(v);
+  *value = static_cast<uint32>(result);
+  return result >= 0;
 }
 
 inline bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarint64(uint64* value) {
@@ -825,9 +861,10 @@ inline bool CodedInputStream::ReadVarint64(uint64* value) {
     *value = *buffer_;
     Advance(1);
     return true;
-  } else {
-    return ReadVarint64Fallback(value);
   }
+  std::pair<uint64, bool> p = ReadVarint64Fallback();
+  *value = p.first;
+  return p.second;
 }
 
 // static
@@ -896,14 +933,17 @@ inline bool CodedInputStream::ReadLittleEndian64(uint64* value) {
 }
 
 inline uint32 CodedInputStream::ReadTag() {
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(buffer_ < buffer_end_) && buffer_[0] < 0x80) {
-    last_tag_ = buffer_[0];
-    Advance(1);
-    return last_tag_;
-  } else {
-    last_tag_ = ReadTagFallback();
-    return last_tag_;
+  uint32 v = 0;
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(buffer_ < buffer_end_)) {
+    v = *buffer_;
+    if (v < 0x80) {
+      last_tag_ = v;
+      Advance(1);
+      return v;
+    }
   }
+  last_tag_ = ReadTagFallback(v);
+  return last_tag_;
 }
 
 inline std::pair<uint32, bool> CodedInputStream::ReadTagWithCutoff(
@@ -911,15 +951,17 @@ inline std::pair<uint32, bool> CodedInputStream::ReadTagWithCutoff(
   // In performance-sensitive code we can expect cutoff to be a compile-time
   // constant, and things like "cutoff >= kMax1ByteVarint" to be evaluated at
   // compile time.
+  uint32 first_byte_or_zero = 0;
   if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(buffer_ < buffer_end_)) {
     // Hot case: buffer_ non_empty, buffer_[0] in [1, 128).
     // TODO(gpike): Is it worth rearranging this? E.g., if the number of fields
     // is large enough then is it better to check for the two-byte case first?
+    first_byte_or_zero = buffer_[0];
     if (static_cast<int8>(buffer_[0]) > 0) {
       const uint32 kMax1ByteVarint = 0x7f;
       uint32 tag = last_tag_ = buffer_[0];
       Advance(1);
-      return make_pair(tag, cutoff >= kMax1ByteVarint || tag <= cutoff);
+      return std::make_pair(tag, cutoff >= kMax1ByteVarint || tag <= cutoff);
     }
     // Other hot case: cutoff >= 0x80, buffer_ has at least two bytes available,
     // and tag is two bytes.  The latter is tested by bitwise-and-not of the
@@ -937,12 +979,12 @@ inline std::pair<uint32, bool> CodedInputStream::ReadTagWithCutoff(
       // so we don't have to check for tag == 0.  We may need to check whether
       // it exceeds cutoff.
       bool at_or_below_cutoff = cutoff >= kMax2ByteVarint || tag <= cutoff;
-      return make_pair(tag, at_or_below_cutoff);
+      return std::make_pair(tag, at_or_below_cutoff);
     }
   }
   // Slow path
-  last_tag_ = ReadTagFallback();
-  return make_pair(last_tag_, static_cast<uint32>(last_tag_ - 1) < cutoff);
+  last_tag_ = ReadTagFallback(first_byte_or_zero);
+  return std::make_pair(last_tag_, static_cast<uint32>(last_tag_ - 1) < cutoff);
 }
 
 inline bool CodedInputStream::LastTagWas(uint32 expected) {
@@ -1027,13 +1069,14 @@ inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::GetDirectBufferForNBytesAndAdvance(int size) {
 }
 
 inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(uint32 value,
-                                                        uint8* target) {
-  if (value < 0x80) {
-    *target = value;
-    return target + 1;
-  } else {
-    return WriteVarint32FallbackToArray(value, target);
+                                                      uint8* target) {
+  while (value >= 0x80) {
+    *target = static_cast<uint8>(value | 0x80);
+    value >>= 7;
+    ++target;
   }
+  *target = static_cast<uint8>(value);
+  return target + 1;
 }
 
 inline void CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32SignExtended(int32 value) {
@@ -1086,22 +1129,26 @@ inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteLittleEndian64ToArray(uint64 value,
   return target + sizeof(value);
 }
 
+inline void CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32(uint32 value) {
+  if (buffer_size_ >= 5) {
+    // Fast path:  We have enough bytes left in the buffer to guarantee that
+    // this write won't cross the end, so we can skip the checks.
+    uint8* target = buffer_;
+    uint8* end = WriteVarint32ToArray(value, target);
+    int size = end - target;
+    Advance(size);
+  } else {
+    WriteVarint32SlowPath(value);
+  }
+}
+
 inline void CodedOutputStream::WriteTag(uint32 value) {
   WriteVarint32(value);
 }
 
 inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(
     uint32 value, uint8* target) {
-  if (value < (1 << 7)) {
-    target[0] = value;
-    return target + 1;
-  } else if (value < (1 << 14)) {
-    target[0] = static_cast<uint8>(value | 0x80);
-    target[1] = static_cast<uint8>(value >> 7);
-    return target + 2;
-  } else {
-    return WriteVarint32FallbackToArray(value, target);
-  }
+  return WriteVarint32ToArray(value, target);
 }
 
 inline int CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(uint32 value) {
@@ -1165,6 +1212,11 @@ inline void CodedInputStream::DecrementRecursionDepth() {
   if (recursion_budget_ < recursion_limit_) ++recursion_budget_;
 }
 
+inline void CodedInputStream::UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth() {
+  assert(recursion_budget_ < recursion_limit_);
+  ++recursion_budget_;
+}
+
 inline void CodedInputStream::SetExtensionRegistry(const DescriptorPool* pool,
                                                    MessageFactory* factory) {
   extension_pool_ = pool;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_inl.h b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_inl.h
index cd8d1746..fa20f208 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_inl.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_inl.h
@@ -66,6 +66,23 @@ inline bool CodedInputStream::InternalReadStringInline(string* buffer,
   return ReadStringFallback(buffer, size);
 }
 
+inline bool CodedInputStream::InternalReadRawInline(void* buffer, int size) {
+  int current_buffer_size;
+  while ((current_buffer_size = BufferSize()) < size) {
+    // Reading past end of buffer.  Copy what we have, then refresh.
+    memcpy(buffer, buffer_, current_buffer_size);
+    buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(buffer) + current_buffer_size;
+    size -= current_buffer_size;
+    Advance(current_buffer_size);
+    if (!Refresh()) return false;
+  }
+
+  memcpy(buffer, buffer_, size);
+  Advance(size);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
 }  // namespace io
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc
index bbe5e399..02d5bad3 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc
@@ -502,11 +502,11 @@ struct Fixed64Case {
 };
 
 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Fixed32Case& c) {
-  return os << "0x" << hex << c.value << dec;
+  return os << "0x" << std::hex << c.value << std::dec;
 }
 
 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Fixed64Case& c) {
-  return os << "0x" << hex << c.value << dec;
+  return os << "0x" << std::hex << c.value << std::dec;
 }
 
 Fixed32Case kFixed32Cases[] = {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.cc b/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.cc
index e6037863..dd7c036e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.cc
@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@
 // This file contains the implementation of classes GzipInputStream and
 // GzipOutputStream.
 
-#include "config.h"
-
 #if HAVE_ZLIB
 #include <google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h>
 
@@ -49,6 +47,7 @@ static const int kDefaultBufferSize = 65536;
 GzipInputStream::GzipInputStream(
     ZeroCopyInputStream* sub_stream, Format format, int buffer_size)
     : format_(format), sub_stream_(sub_stream), zerror_(Z_OK), byte_count_(0) {
+  zcontext_.state = Z_NULL;
   zcontext_.zalloc = Z_NULL;
   zcontext_.zfree = Z_NULL;
   zcontext_.opaque = Z_NULL;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.cc b/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.cc
index e621ba1d..3ae8c268 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.cc
@@ -155,6 +155,78 @@ void Printer::Print(const char* text,
   Print(vars, text);
 }
 
+void Printer::Print(const char* text,
+                    const char* variable1, const string& value1,
+                    const char* variable2, const string& value2,
+                    const char* variable3, const string& value3,
+                    const char* variable4, const string& value4,
+                    const char* variable5, const string& value5) {
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars[variable1] = value1;
+  vars[variable2] = value2;
+  vars[variable3] = value3;
+  vars[variable4] = value4;
+  vars[variable5] = value5;
+  Print(vars, text);
+}
+
+void Printer::Print(const char* text,
+                    const char* variable1, const string& value1,
+                    const char* variable2, const string& value2,
+                    const char* variable3, const string& value3,
+                    const char* variable4, const string& value4,
+                    const char* variable5, const string& value5,
+                    const char* variable6, const string& value6) {
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars[variable1] = value1;
+  vars[variable2] = value2;
+  vars[variable3] = value3;
+  vars[variable4] = value4;
+  vars[variable5] = value5;
+  vars[variable6] = value6;
+  Print(vars, text);
+}
+
+void Printer::Print(const char* text,
+                    const char* variable1, const string& value1,
+                    const char* variable2, const string& value2,
+                    const char* variable3, const string& value3,
+                    const char* variable4, const string& value4,
+                    const char* variable5, const string& value5,
+                    const char* variable6, const string& value6,
+                    const char* variable7, const string& value7) {
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars[variable1] = value1;
+  vars[variable2] = value2;
+  vars[variable3] = value3;
+  vars[variable4] = value4;
+  vars[variable5] = value5;
+  vars[variable6] = value6;
+  vars[variable7] = value7;
+  Print(vars, text);
+}
+
+void Printer::Print(const char* text,
+                    const char* variable1, const string& value1,
+                    const char* variable2, const string& value2,
+                    const char* variable3, const string& value3,
+                    const char* variable4, const string& value4,
+                    const char* variable5, const string& value5,
+                    const char* variable6, const string& value6,
+                    const char* variable7, const string& value7,
+                    const char* variable8, const string& value8) {
+  map<string, string> vars;
+  vars[variable1] = value1;
+  vars[variable2] = value2;
+  vars[variable3] = value3;
+  vars[variable4] = value4;
+  vars[variable5] = value5;
+  vars[variable6] = value6;
+  vars[variable7] = value7;
+  vars[variable8] = value8;
+  Print(vars, text);
+}
+
 void Printer::Indent() {
   indent_ += "  ";
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.h b/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.h
index 92ce3409..f1490bbe 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/printer.h
@@ -91,8 +91,36 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Printer {
                                const char* variable2, const string& value2,
                                const char* variable3, const string& value3,
                                const char* variable4, const string& value4);
-  // TODO(kenton):  Overloaded versions with more variables?  Three seems
-  //   to be enough.
+  // Like the first Print(), except the substitutions are given as parameters.
+  void Print(const char* text, const char* variable1, const string& value1,
+                               const char* variable2, const string& value2,
+                               const char* variable3, const string& value3,
+                               const char* variable4, const string& value4,
+                               const char* variable5, const string& value5);
+  // Like the first Print(), except the substitutions are given as parameters.
+  void Print(const char* text, const char* variable1, const string& value1,
+                               const char* variable2, const string& value2,
+                               const char* variable3, const string& value3,
+                               const char* variable4, const string& value4,
+                               const char* variable5, const string& value5,
+                               const char* variable6, const string& value6);
+  // Like the first Print(), except the substitutions are given as parameters.
+  void Print(const char* text, const char* variable1, const string& value1,
+                               const char* variable2, const string& value2,
+                               const char* variable3, const string& value3,
+                               const char* variable4, const string& value4,
+                               const char* variable5, const string& value5,
+                               const char* variable6, const string& value6,
+                               const char* variable7, const string& value7);
+  // Like the first Print(), except the substitutions are given as parameters.
+  void Print(const char* text, const char* variable1, const string& value1,
+                               const char* variable2, const string& value2,
+                               const char* variable3, const string& value3,
+                               const char* variable4, const string& value4,
+                               const char* variable5, const string& value5,
+                               const char* variable6, const string& value6,
+                               const char* variable7, const string& value7,
+                               const char* variable8, const string& value8);
 
   // Indent text by two spaces.  After calling Indent(), two spaces will be
   // inserted at the beginning of each line of text.  Indent() may be called
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.cc b/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.cc
index ef2de300..60bd7957 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.cc
@@ -762,6 +762,15 @@ bool Tokenizer::NextWithComments(string* prev_trailing_comments,
                              next_leading_comments);
 
   if (current_.type == TYPE_START) {
+    // Ignore unicode byte order mark(BOM) if it appears at the file
+    // beginning. Only UTF-8 BOM (0xEF 0xBB 0xBF) is accepted.
+    if (TryConsume((char)0xEF)) {
+      if (!TryConsume((char)0xBB) || !TryConsume((char)0xBF)) {
+        AddError("Proto file starts with 0xEF but not UTF-8 BOM. "
+                 "Only UTF-8 is accepted for proto file.");
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
     collector.DetachFromPrev();
   } else {
     // A comment appearing on the same line must be attached to the previous
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h
index 3e25edfa..4360b18f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ inline char* mutable_string_data(string* s) {
 inline std::pair<char*, bool> as_string_data(string* s) {
   char *p = mutable_string_data(s);
 #ifdef LANG_CXX11
-  return make_pair(p, true);
+  return std::make_pair(p, true);
 #else
   return make_pair(p, p != NULL);
 #endif
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_unittest.cc
index dd3d1285..f2e5b629 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_unittest.cc
@@ -46,8 +46,6 @@
 //   "parametized tests" so that one set of tests can be used on all the
 //   implementations.
 
-#include "config.h"
-
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #include <io.h>
 #else
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/lite_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/lite_unittest.cc
index a3705269..5af8b24d 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/lite_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/lite_unittest.cc
@@ -34,12 +34,16 @@
 #include <iostream>
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/test_util_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest_lite.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
 
 using namespace std;
 
@@ -84,6 +88,12 @@ void SetSomeTypesInEmptyMessageUnknownFields(
 
 }  // namespace
 
+#define EXPECT_TRUE GOOGLE_CHECK
+#define ASSERT_TRUE GOOGLE_CHECK
+#define EXPECT_FALSE(COND) GOOGLE_CHECK(!(COND))
+#define EXPECT_EQ GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ
+#define ASSERT_EQ GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ
+
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
   string data, data2, packed_data;
 
@@ -345,6 +355,374 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
     GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(0, empty_message.unknown_fields().size());
   }
 
-  cout << "PASS" << endl;
+  // Tests for map lite =============================================
+
+  {
+    // Accessors
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ModifyMapFields(&message);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsModified(message);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // SetMapFieldsInitialized
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFieldsInitialized(&message);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(message);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Proto2SetMapFieldsInitialized
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEnumStartWithNonZeroMapLite message;
+    EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::PROTO2_NON_ZERO_MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE,
+              (*message.mutable_map_field())[0]);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Clear
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+    message.Clear();
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectClear(message);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // ClearMessageMap
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMessageMapLite message;
+
+    // Creates a TestAllTypes with default value
+    google::protobuf::TestUtilLite::ExpectClear(
+        (*message.mutable_map_int32_message())[0]);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // CopyFrom
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1, message2;
+
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+    message2.CopyFrom(message1);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+
+    // Copying from self should be a no-op.
+    message2.CopyFrom(message2);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // CopyFromMessageMap
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMessageMapLite message1, message2;
+
+    (*message1.mutable_map_int32_message())[0].add_repeated_int32(100);
+    (*message2.mutable_map_int32_message())[0].add_repeated_int32(101);
+
+    message1.CopyFrom(message2);
+
+    // Checks repeated field is overwritten.
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message1.map_int32_message().at(0).repeated_int32_size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(101, message1.map_int32_message().at(0).repeated_int32(0));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // SwapWithEmpty
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1, message2;
+
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message1);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectClear(message2);
+
+    message1.Swap(&message2);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectClear(message1);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // SwapWithSelf
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+
+    message.Swap(&message);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // SwapWithOther
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1, message2;
+
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message2);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ModifyMapFields(&message2);
+
+    message1.Swap(&message2);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsModified(message1);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // CopyConstructor
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1;
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message2(message1);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // CopyAssignmentOperator
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1;
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message2;
+    message2 = message1;
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+
+    // Make sure that self-assignment does something sane.
+    message2.operator=(message2);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // NonEmptyMergeFrom
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1, message2;
+
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+
+    // This field will test merging into an empty spot.
+    (*message2.mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 1;
+    message1.mutable_map_int32_int32()->erase(1);
+
+    // This tests overwriting.
+    (*message2.mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 1;
+    (*message1.mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 2;
+
+    message1.MergeFrom(message2);
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message1);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // MergeFromMessageMap
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMessageMapLite message1, message2;
+
+    (*message1.mutable_map_int32_message())[0].add_repeated_int32(100);
+    (*message2.mutable_map_int32_message())[0].add_repeated_int32(101);
+
+    message1.MergeFrom(message2);
+
+    // Checks repeated field is overwritten.
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message1.map_int32_message().at(0).repeated_int32_size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(101, message1.map_int32_message().at(0).repeated_int32(0));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Test the generated SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray()
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1, message2;
+    string data;
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+    int size = message1.ByteSize();
+    data.resize(size);
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* start = reinterpret_cast< ::google::protobuf::uint8*>(::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data));
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* end = message1.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
+    EXPECT_EQ(size, end - start);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+  {
+    // Test the generated SerializeWithCachedSizes()
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message1, message2;
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(&message1);
+    int size = message1.ByteSize();
+    string data;
+    data.resize(size);
+    {
+      // Allow the output stream to buffer only one byte at a time.
+      google::protobuf::io::ArrayOutputStream array_stream(
+          ::google::protobuf::string_as_array(&data), size, 1);
+      google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream output_stream(&array_stream);
+      message1.SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output_stream);
+      EXPECT_FALSE(output_stream.HadError());
+      EXPECT_EQ(size, output_stream.ByteCount());
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message2.ParseFromString(data));
+    google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(message2);
+  }
+
+
+  {
+    // Proto2UnknownEnum
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEnumMapPlusExtraLite from;
+    (*from.mutable_known_map_field())[0] =
+        protobuf_unittest::E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE;
+    (*from.mutable_unknown_map_field())[0] =
+        protobuf_unittest::E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_EXTRA_LITE;
+    string data;
+    from.SerializeToString(&data);
+
+    protobuf_unittest::TestEnumMapLite to;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(to.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, to.unknown_map_field().size());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(to.mutable_unknown_fields()->empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, to.known_map_field().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE,
+              to.known_map_field().at(0));
+
+    data.clear();
+    from.Clear();
+    to.SerializeToString(&data);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(from.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, from.known_map_field().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE,
+              from.known_map_field().at(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, from.unknown_map_field().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(protobuf_unittest::E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_EXTRA_LITE,
+              from.unknown_map_field().at(0));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // StandardWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+    string data = "\x0A\x04\x08\x01\x10\x01";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // UnorderedWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // put value before key in wire format
+    string data = "\x0A\x04\x10\x01\x08\x02";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(2));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // DuplicatedKeyWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // Two key fields in wire format
+    string data = "\x0A\x06\x08\x01\x08\x02\x10\x01";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(2));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // DuplicatedValueWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // Two value fields in wire format
+    string data = "\x0A\x06\x08\x01\x10\x01\x10\x02";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // MissedKeyWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // No key field in wire format
+    string data = "\x0A\x02\x10\x01";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // MissedValueWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // No value field in wire format
+    string data = "\x0A\x02\x08\x01";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // UnknownFieldWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // Unknown field in wire format
+    string data = "\x0A\x06\x08\x02\x10\x03\x18\x01";
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, message.map_int32_int32().at(2));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // CorruptedWireFormat
+    protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite message;
+
+    // corrupted data in wire format
+    string data = "\x0A\x06\x08\x02\x11\x03";
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(data));
+  }
+
+  {
+    // IsInitialized
+    protobuf_unittest::TestRequiredMessageMapLite map_message;
+
+    // Add an uninitialized message.
+    (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0];
+    EXPECT_FALSE(map_message.IsInitialized());
+
+    // Initialize uninitialized message
+    (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0].set_a(0);
+    (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0].set_b(0);
+    (*map_message.mutable_map_field())[0].set_c(0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map_message.IsInitialized());
+  }
+
+  // arena support for map  =========================================
+
+  {
+    // ParsingAndSerializingNoHeapAllocation
+
+    // Allocate a large initial block to avoid mallocs during hooked test.
+    std::vector<char> arena_block(128 * 1024);
+    google::protobuf::ArenaOptions options;
+    options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
+    options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
+    google::protobuf::Arena arena(options);
+    string data;
+    data.reserve(128 * 1024);
+
+    {
+      google::protobuf::internal::NoHeapChecker no_heap;
+
+      protobuf_unittest::TestArenaMapLite* from =
+          google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<protobuf_unittest::TestArenaMapLite>(
+              &arena);
+      google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::SetArenaMapFields(from);
+      from->SerializeToString(&data);
+
+      protobuf_unittest::TestArenaMapLite* to =
+          google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<protobuf_unittest::TestArenaMapLite>(
+              &arena);
+      to->ParseFromString(data);
+      google::protobuf::MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(*to);
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::cout << "PASS" << std::endl;
   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map.h b/src/google/protobuf/map.h
index 6d8a9d03..d928b7a7 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map.h
@@ -33,7 +33,10 @@
 
 #include <iterator>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <limits>  // To support Visual Studio 2008
 
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h>
 
 namespace google {
@@ -45,10 +48,12 @@ class Map;
 template <typename Enum> struct is_proto_enum;
 
 namespace internal {
-template <typename K, typename V, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-class MapField;
-}  // namespace internal
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+class MapFieldLite;
+}
 
 // This is the class for google::protobuf::Map's internal value_type. Instead of using
 // std::pair as value_type, we use this class which provides us more control of
@@ -61,23 +66,24 @@ class MapPair {
 
   MapPair(const Key& other_first, const T& other_second)
       : first(other_first), second(other_second) {}
-
   explicit MapPair(const Key& other_first) : first(other_first), second() {}
-
   MapPair(const MapPair& other)
       : first(other.first), second(other.second) {}
 
   ~MapPair() {}
 
-  // Implicitly convertible to std::pair.
-  operator std::pair<const Key, T>() const {
-    return std::pair<const Key, T>(first, second);
+  // Implicitly convertible to std::pair of compatible types.
+  template <typename T1, typename T2>
+  operator std::pair<T1, T2>() const {
+    return std::pair<T1, T2>(first, second);
   }
 
   const Key first;
   T second;
 
  private:
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
   friend class Map<Key, T>;
 };
 
@@ -86,6 +92,7 @@ class MapPair {
 // interface directly to visit or change map fields.
 template <typename Key, typename T>
 class Map {
+  typedef internal::MapCppTypeHandler<Key> KeyTypeHandler;
   typedef internal::MapCppTypeHandler<T> ValueTypeHandler;
 
  public:
@@ -100,20 +107,120 @@ class Map {
 
   typedef size_t size_type;
   typedef hash<Key> hasher;
-
-  Map() : default_enum_value_(0) {}
-
-  Map(const Map& other) {
+  typedef equal_to<Key> key_equal;
+
+  Map()
+      : arena_(NULL),
+        allocator_(arena_),
+        elements_(0, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_),
+        default_enum_value_(0) {}
+  explicit Map(Arena* arena)
+      : arena_(arena),
+        allocator_(arena_),
+        elements_(0, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_),
+        default_enum_value_(0) {}
+
+  Map(const Map& other)
+      : arena_(NULL),
+        allocator_(arena_),
+        elements_(0, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_),
+        default_enum_value_(other.default_enum_value_) {
     insert(other.begin(), other.end());
   }
 
   ~Map() { clear(); }
 
+ private:
+  // re-implement std::allocator to use arena allocator for memory allocation.
+  // Used for google::protobuf::Map implementation. Users should not use this class
+  // directly.
+  template <typename U>
+  class MapAllocator {
+   public:
+    typedef U value_type;
+    typedef value_type* pointer;
+    typedef const value_type* const_pointer;
+    typedef value_type& reference;
+    typedef const value_type& const_reference;
+    typedef size_t size_type;
+    typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+
+    MapAllocator() : arena_(NULL) {}
+    explicit MapAllocator(Arena* arena) : arena_(arena) {}
+    template <typename X>
+    MapAllocator(const MapAllocator<X>& allocator)
+        : arena_(allocator.arena_) {}
+
+    pointer allocate(size_type n, const_pointer hint = 0) {
+      // If arena is not given, malloc needs to be called which doesn't
+      // construct element object.
+      if (arena_ == NULL) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<pointer>(malloc(n * sizeof(value_type)));
+      } else {
+        return reinterpret_cast<pointer>(
+            Arena::CreateArray<uint8>(arena_, n * sizeof(value_type)));
+      }
+    }
+
+    void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) {
+      if (arena_ == NULL) {
+        free(p);
+      }
+    }
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L && !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_APPLE) && \
+    !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_NACL) && !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_ANDROID)
+    template<class NodeType, class... Args>
+    void construct(NodeType* p, Args&&... args) {
+      new ((void*)p) NodeType(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template<class NodeType>
+    void destroy(NodeType* p) {
+      p->~NodeType();
+    }
+#else
+    void construct(pointer p, const_reference t) { new (p) value_type(t); }
+
+    void destroy(pointer p) { p->~value_type(); }
+#endif
+
+    template <typename X>
+    struct rebind {
+      typedef MapAllocator<X> other;
+    };
+
+    template <typename X>
+    bool operator==(const MapAllocator<X>& other) const {
+      return arena_ == other.arena_;
+    }
+
+    template <typename X>
+    bool operator!=(const MapAllocator<X>& other) const {
+      return arena_ != other.arena_;
+    }
+
+    // To support Visual Studio 2008
+    size_type max_size() const {
+      return std::numeric_limits<size_type>::max();
+    }
+
+   private:
+    Arena* arena_;
+
+    template <typename X>
+    friend class MapAllocator;
+  };
+
+ public:
+  typedef MapAllocator<std::pair<const Key, MapPair<Key, T>*> > Allocator;
+
   // Iterators
   class const_iterator
       : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, value_type, ptrdiff_t,
                              const value_type*, const value_type&> {
-    typedef typename hash_map<Key, value_type*>::const_iterator InnerIt;
+    typedef typename hash_map<Key, value_type*, hash<Key>, equal_to<Key>,
+                              Allocator>::const_iterator InnerIt;
 
    public:
     const_iterator() {}
@@ -140,7 +247,8 @@ class Map {
   };
 
   class iterator : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, value_type> {
-    typedef typename hash_map<Key, value_type*>::iterator InnerIt;
+    typedef typename hash_map<Key, value_type*, hasher, equal_to<Key>,
+                              Allocator>::iterator InnerIt;
 
    public:
     iterator() {}
@@ -185,7 +293,7 @@ class Map {
   T& operator[](const key_type& key) {
     value_type** value = &elements_[key];
     if (*value == NULL) {
-      *value = new value_type(key);
+      *value = CreateValueTypeInternal(key);
       internal::MapValueInitializer<google::protobuf::is_proto_enum<T>::value,
                                     T>::Initialize((*value)->second,
                                                    default_enum_value_);
@@ -241,7 +349,7 @@ class Map {
     } else {
       return std::pair<iterator, bool>(
           iterator(elements_.insert(std::pair<Key, value_type*>(
-              value.first, new value_type(value))).first), true);
+              value.first, CreateValueTypeInternal(value))).first), true);
     }
   }
   template <class InputIt>
@@ -256,28 +364,29 @@ class Map {
 
   // Erase
   size_type erase(const key_type& key) {
-    typename hash_map<Key, value_type*>::iterator it = elements_.find(key);
+    typename hash_map<Key, value_type*, hash<Key>, equal_to<Key>,
+                      Allocator>::iterator it = elements_.find(key);
     if (it == elements_.end()) {
       return 0;
     } else {
-      delete it->second;
+      if (arena_ == NULL) delete it->second;
       elements_.erase(it);
       return 1;
     }
   }
   void erase(iterator pos) {
-    delete pos.it_->second;
+    if (arena_ == NULL) delete pos.it_->second;
     elements_.erase(pos.it_);
   }
   void erase(iterator first, iterator last) {
     for (iterator it = first; it != last;) {
-      delete it.it_->second;
+      if (arena_ == NULL) delete it.it_->second;
       elements_.erase((it++).it_);
     }
   }
   void clear() {
     for (iterator it = begin(); it != end(); ++it) {
-      delete it.it_->second;
+      if (arena_ == NULL) delete it.it_->second;
     }
     elements_.clear();
   }
@@ -297,12 +406,46 @@ class Map {
     default_enum_value_ = default_enum_value;
   }
 
-  hash_map<Key, value_type*> elements_;
+  value_type* CreateValueTypeInternal(const Key& key) {
+    if (arena_ == NULL) {
+      return new value_type(key);
+    } else {
+      value_type* value = reinterpret_cast<value_type*>(
+          Arena::CreateArray<uint8>(arena_, sizeof(value_type)));
+      Arena::CreateInArenaStorage(const_cast<Key*>(&value->first), arena_);
+      Arena::CreateInArenaStorage(&value->second, arena_);
+      const_cast<Key&>(value->first) = key;
+      return value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  value_type* CreateValueTypeInternal(const value_type& value) {
+    if (arena_ == NULL) {
+      return new value_type(value);
+    } else {
+      value_type* p = reinterpret_cast<value_type*>(
+          Arena::CreateArray<uint8>(arena_, sizeof(value_type)));
+      Arena::CreateInArenaStorage(const_cast<Key*>(&p->first), arena_);
+      Arena::CreateInArenaStorage(&p->second, arena_);
+      const_cast<Key&>(p->first) = value.first;
+      p->second = value.second;
+      return p;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Arena* arena_;
+  Allocator allocator_;
+  hash_map<Key, value_type*, hash<Key>, equal_to<Key>, Allocator> elements_;
   int default_enum_value_;
 
-  template <typename K, typename V, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-            FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum>
-  friend class internal::MapField;
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  template <typename K, typename V,
+            internal::WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+            internal::WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+            int default_enum_value>
+  friend class internal::MapFieldLite;
 };
 
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_entry.h b/src/google/protobuf/map_entry.h
index 217b15f6..e93d0348 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_entry.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_entry.h
@@ -31,13 +31,23 @@
 #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_ENTRY_H__
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_ENTRY_H__
 
-#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
 
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
 class Arena;
+namespace internal {
+template <typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+class MapField;
+}
 }
 
 namespace protobuf {
@@ -45,7 +55,8 @@ namespace internal {
 
 // Register all MapEntry default instances so we can delete them in
 // ShutdownProtobufLibrary().
-void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT RegisterMapEntryDefaultInstance(MessageLite* default_instance);
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT RegisterMapEntryDefaultInstance(
+    MessageLite* default_instance);
 
 // This is the common base class for MapEntry. It is used by MapFieldBase in
 // reflection api, in which the static type of key and value is unknown.
@@ -82,179 +93,103 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MapEntryBase : public Message {
 // while we need to explicitly tell cpp type if proto type is TYPE_MESSAGE to
 // get internal layout.
 // Moreover, default_enum_value is used to initialize enum field in proto2.
-template <typename Key, typename Value, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProtoType,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProtoType, int default_enum_value>
+template <typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
 class MapEntry : public MapEntryBase {
-  // Handlers for key/value's proto field type. Used to infer internal layout
-  // and provide parsing/serialization support.
-  typedef MapProtoTypeHandler<KeyProtoType> KeyProtoHandler;
-  typedef MapProtoTypeHandler<ValueProtoType> ValueProtoHandler;
+  // Handlers for key/value wire type. Provide utilities to parse/serialize
+  // key/value.
+  typedef MapWireFieldTypeHandler<kKeyFieldType> KeyWireHandler;
+  typedef MapWireFieldTypeHandler<kValueFieldType> ValueWireHandler;
 
   // Define key/value's internal stored type. Message is the only one whose
   // internal stored type cannot be inferred from its proto type.
-  typedef typename KeyProtoHandler::CppType KeyProtoHandlerCppType;
-  typedef typename ValueProtoHandler::CppType ValueProtoHandlerCppType;
-  static const bool kIsKeyMessage = KeyProtoHandler::kIsMessage;
-  static const bool kIsValueMessage = ValueProtoHandler::kIsMessage;
-  typedef typename MapIf<kIsKeyMessage, Key, KeyProtoHandlerCppType>::type
+  static const bool kIsKeyMessage = KeyWireHandler::kIsMessage;
+  static const bool kIsValueMessage = ValueWireHandler::kIsMessage;
+  typedef typename KeyWireHandler::CppType KeyInternalType;
+  typedef typename ValueWireHandler::CppType ValueInternalType;
+  typedef typename MapIf<kIsKeyMessage, Key, KeyInternalType>::type
       KeyCppType;
-  typedef typename MapIf<kIsValueMessage, Value, ValueProtoHandlerCppType>::type
+  typedef typename MapIf<kIsValueMessage, Value, ValueInternalType>::type
       ValCppType;
 
-  // Handlers for key/value's internal stored type. Provide utilities to
-  // manipulate internal stored type. We need it because some types are stored
-  // as values and others are stored as pointers (Message and string), but we
-  // need to keep the code in MapEntry unified instead of providing different
-  // codes for each type.
-  typedef MapCppTypeHandler<KeyCppType> KeyCppHandler;
-  typedef MapCppTypeHandler<ValCppType> ValueCppHandler;
-
-  // Define internal memory layout. Strings and messages are stored as
-  // pointers, while other types are stored as values.
-  static const bool kKeyIsStringOrMessage = KeyCppHandler::kIsStringOrMessage;
-  static const bool kValIsStringOrMessage = ValueCppHandler::kIsStringOrMessage;
-  typedef typename MapIf<kKeyIsStringOrMessage, KeyCppType*, KeyCppType>::type
-      KeyBase;
-  typedef typename MapIf<kValIsStringOrMessage, ValCppType*, ValCppType>::type
-      ValueBase;
-
   // Abbreviation for MapEntry
   typedef typename google::protobuf::internal::MapEntry<
-      Key, Value, KeyProtoType, ValueProtoType, default_enum_value> EntryType;
-
-  // Constants for field number.
-  static const int kKeyFieldNumber = 1;
-  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 2;
+      Key, Value, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType, default_enum_value> EntryType;
 
-  // Constants for field tag.
-  static const uint8 kKeyTag   = GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(
-      kKeyFieldNumber,   KeyProtoHandler::kWireType);
-  static const uint8 kValueTag = GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(
-      kValueFieldNumber, ValueProtoHandler::kWireType);
-  static const int kTagSize = 1;
+  // Abbreviation for MapEntryLite
+  typedef typename google::protobuf::internal::MapEntryLite<
+      Key, Value, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>
+      EntryLiteType;
 
  public:
   ~MapEntry() {
     if (this == default_instance_) {
       delete reflection_;
-    } else {
-      KeyCppHandler::Delete(key_);
-      ValueCppHandler::Delete(value_);
     }
   }
 
   // accessors ======================================================
 
-  inline void set_key(const KeyCppType& key) {
-    KeyCppHandler::EnsureMutable(&key_);
-    KeyCppHandler::Merge(key, &key_);
-    set_has_key();
-  }
   virtual inline const KeyCppType& key() const {
-    return KeyCppHandler::Reference(key_);
+    return entry_lite_.key();
   }
   inline KeyCppType* mutable_key() {
-    set_has_key();
-    KeyCppHandler::EnsureMutable(&key_);
-    return KeyCppHandler::Pointer(key_);
-  }
-  inline void set_value(const ValCppType& value) {
-    ValueCppHandler::EnsureMutable(&value_);
-    ValueCppHandler::Merge(value, &value_);
-    set_has_value();
+    return entry_lite_.mutable_key();
   }
   virtual inline const ValCppType& value() const {
-    GOOGLE_CHECK(default_instance_ != NULL);
-    return ValueCppHandler::DefaultIfNotInitialized(value_,
-                                               default_instance_->value_);
+    return entry_lite_.value();
   }
   inline ValCppType* mutable_value() {
-    set_has_value();
-    ValueCppHandler::EnsureMutable(&value_);
-    return ValueCppHandler::Pointer(value_);
+    return entry_lite_.mutable_value();
   }
 
   // implements Message =============================================
 
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
-    uint32 tag;
-
-    for (;;) {
-      // 1) corrupted data: return false;
-      // 2) unknown field: skip without putting into unknown field set;
-      // 3) unknown enum value: keep it in parsing. In proto2, caller should
-      // check the value and put this entry into containing message's unknown
-      // field set if the value is an unknown enum. In proto3, caller doesn't
-      // need to care whether the value is unknown enum;
-      // 4) missing key/value: missed key/value will have default value. caller
-      // should take this entry as if key/value is set to default value.
-      tag = input->ReadTag();
-      switch (tag) {
-        case kKeyTag:
-          if (!KeyProtoHandler::Read(input, mutable_key())) return false;
-          set_has_key();
-          if (!input->ExpectTag(kValueTag)) break;
-          GOOGLE_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
-
-        case kValueTag:
-          if (!ValueProtoHandler::Read(input, mutable_value())) return false;
-          set_has_value();
-          if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) return true;
-          break;
-
-        default:
-          if (tag == 0 ||
-              WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
-              WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
-            return true;
-          }
-          if (!WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag)) return false;
-          break;
-      }
-    }
+    return entry_lite_.MergePartialFromCodedStream(input);
   }
 
   int ByteSize() const {
-    int size = 0;
-    size += has_key() ? kTagSize + KeyProtoHandler::ByteSize(key()) : 0;
-    size += has_value() ? kTagSize + ValueProtoHandler::ByteSize(value()) : 0;
-    return size;
+    return entry_lite_.ByteSize();
   }
 
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
-    KeyProtoHandler::Write(kKeyFieldNumber, key(), output);
-    ValueProtoHandler::Write(kValueFieldNumber, value(), output);
+    entry_lite_.SerializeWithCachedSizes(output);
   }
 
   ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const {
-    output = KeyProtoHandler::WriteToArray(kKeyFieldNumber, key(), output);
-    output =
-        ValueProtoHandler::WriteToArray(kValueFieldNumber, value(), output);
-    return output;
+    return entry_lite_.SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(output);
   }
 
   int GetCachedSize() const {
-    int size = 0;
-    size += has_key() ? kTagSize + KeyProtoHandler::GetCachedSize(key()) : 0;
-    size +=
-        has_value() ? kTagSize + ValueProtoHandler::GetCachedSize(value()) : 0;
-    return size;
+    return entry_lite_.GetCachedSize();
   }
 
-  bool IsInitialized() const { return ValueCppHandler::IsInitialized(value_); }
+  bool IsInitialized() const {
+    return entry_lite_.IsInitialized();
+  }
 
   Message* New() const {
     MapEntry* entry = new MapEntry;
     entry->descriptor_ = descriptor_;
     entry->reflection_ = reflection_;
-    entry->default_instance_ = default_instance_;
+    entry->set_default_instance(default_instance_);
+    return entry;
+  }
+
+  Message* New(Arena* arena) const {
+    MapEntry* entry = Arena::CreateMessage<MapEntry>(arena);
+    entry->descriptor_ = descriptor_;
+    entry->reflection_ = reflection_;
+    entry->set_default_instance(default_instance_);
     return entry;
   }
 
   int SpaceUsed() const {
     int size = sizeof(MapEntry);
-    size += KeyCppHandler::SpaceUsedInMapEntry(key_);
-    size += ValueCppHandler::SpaceUsedInMapEntry(value_);
+    size += entry_lite_.SpaceUsed();
     return size;
   }
 
@@ -279,30 +214,19 @@ class MapEntry : public MapEntryBase {
   }
 
   void MergeFrom(const MapEntry& from) {
-    if (from._has_bits_[0]) {
-      if (from.has_key()) {
-        KeyCppHandler::EnsureMutable(&key_);
-        KeyCppHandler::Merge(from.key(), &key_);
-        set_has_key();
-      }
-      if (from.has_value()) {
-        ValueCppHandler::EnsureMutable(&value_);
-        ValueCppHandler::Merge(from.value(), &value_);
-        set_has_value();
-      }
-    }
+    entry_lite_.MergeFrom(from.entry_lite_);
   }
 
   void Clear() {
-    KeyCppHandler::Clear(&key_);
-    ValueCppHandler::ClearMaybeByDefaultEnum(&value_, default_enum_value);
-    clear_has_key();
-    clear_has_value();
+    entry_lite_.Clear();
   }
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-    KeyCppHandler::AssignDefaultValue(&key_);
-    ValueCppHandler::AssignDefaultValue(&value_);
+    entry_lite_.InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  }
+
+  Arena* GetArena() const {
+    return entry_lite_.GetArena();
   }
 
   // Create default MapEntry instance for given descriptor. Descriptor has to be
@@ -310,141 +234,58 @@ class MapEntry : public MapEntryBase {
   // may have the same type and MapEntry class. The given descriptor is needed
   // to distinguish instances of the same MapEntry class.
   static MapEntry* CreateDefaultInstance(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
-    MapEntry* entry = new MapEntry();
+    MapEntry* entry = new MapEntry;
     const Reflection* reflection = new GeneratedMessageReflection(
         descriptor, entry, offsets_,
-        GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MapEntry, _has_bits_),
+        GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MapEntry, entry_lite_._has_bits_),
         GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MapEntry, _unknown_fields_), -1,
         DescriptorPool::generated_pool(),
         ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::generated_factory(), sizeof(MapEntry), -1);
     entry->descriptor_ = descriptor;
     entry->reflection_ = reflection;
-    entry->default_instance_ = entry;
+    entry->set_default_instance(entry);
     entry->InitAsDefaultInstance();
     RegisterMapEntryDefaultInstance(entry);
     return entry;
   }
 
-  // Create a MapEntry for given key and value from google::protobuf::Map in
-  // serialization. This function is only called when value is enum. Enum is
-  // treated differently because its type in MapEntry is int and its type in
-  // google::protobuf::Map is enum. We cannot create a reference to int from an enum.
-  static MapEntry* EnumWrap(const Key& key, const Value value) {
-    return new MapEnumEntryWrapper<Key, Value, KeyProtoType, ValueProtoType,
-                                   default_enum_value>(key, value);
-  }
+ private:
+  MapEntry() : default_instance_(NULL), entry_lite_() {}
 
-  // Like above, but for all the other types. This avoids value copy to create
-  // MapEntry from google::protobuf::Map in serialization.
-  static MapEntry* Wrap(const Key& key, const Value& value) {
-    return new MapEntryWrapper<Key, Value, KeyProtoType, ValueProtoType,
-                               default_enum_value>(key, value);
-  }
+  explicit MapEntry(Arena* arena)
+      : default_instance_(NULL), entry_lite_(arena) {}
 
- protected:
-  void set_has_key() { _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u; }
-  bool has_key() const { return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0; }
-  void clear_has_key() { _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u; }
-  void set_has_value() { _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u; }
-  bool has_value() const { return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0; }
-  void clear_has_value() { _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u; }
+  inline Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return entry_lite_.GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
 
- private:
-  // Serializing a generated message containing map field involves serializing
-  // key-value pairs from google::protobuf::Map. The wire format of each key-value pair
-  // after serialization should be the same as that of a MapEntry message
-  // containing the same key and value inside it.  However, google::protobuf::Map doesn't
-  // store key and value as MapEntry message, which disables us to use existing
-  // code to serialize message. In order to use existing code to serialize
-  // message, we need to construct a MapEntry from key-value pair. But it
-  // involves copy of key and value to construct a MapEntry. In order to avoid
-  // this copy in constructing a MapEntry, we need the following class which
-  // only takes references of given key and value.
-  template <typename KeyNested, typename ValueNested,
-            FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProtoNested,
-            FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProtoNested, int default_enum>
-  class MapEntryWrapper
-      : public MapEntry<KeyNested, ValueNested, KeyProtoNested,
-                        ValueProtoNested, default_enum> {
-    typedef MapEntry<KeyNested, ValueNested, KeyProtoNested, ValueProtoNested,
-                     default_enum_value> Base;
-    typedef typename Base::KeyCppType KeyCppType;
-    typedef typename Base::ValCppType ValCppType;
-
-   public:
-    MapEntryWrapper(const KeyNested& key, const ValueNested& value)
-        : key_(key), value_(value) {
-      Base::set_has_key();
-      Base::set_has_value();
-    }
-    inline const KeyCppType& key() const { return key_; }
-    inline const ValCppType& value() const { return value_; }
-
-   private:
-    const Key& key_;
-    const Value& value_;
-  };
-
-  // Like above, but for enum value only, which stores value instead of
-  // reference of value field inside. This is needed because the type of value
-  // field in constructor is an enum, while we need to store it as an int. If we
-  // initialize a reference to int with a reference to enum, compiler will
-  // generate a temporary int from enum and initialize the reference to int with
-  // the temporary.
-  template <typename KeyNested, typename ValueNested,
-            FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProtoNested,
-            FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProtoNested, int default_enum>
-  class MapEnumEntryWrapper
-      : public MapEntry<KeyNested, ValueNested, KeyProtoNested,
-                        ValueProtoNested, default_enum> {
-    typedef MapEntry<KeyNested, ValueNested, KeyProtoNested, ValueProtoNested,
-                     default_enum> Base;
-    typedef typename Base::KeyCppType KeyCppType;
-    typedef typename Base::ValCppType ValCppType;
-
-   public:
-    MapEnumEntryWrapper(const KeyNested& key, const ValueNested& value)
-        : key_(key), value_(value) {
-      Base::set_has_key();
-      Base::set_has_value();
-    }
-    inline const KeyCppType& key() const { return key_; }
-    inline const ValCppType& value() const { return value_; }
-
-   private:
-    const KeyCppType& key_;
-    const ValCppType value_;
-  };
-
-  MapEntry() : default_instance_(NULL) {
-    KeyCppHandler::Initialize(&key_);
-    ValueCppHandler::InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(&value_, default_enum_value);
-    _has_bits_[0] = 0;
+  void set_default_instance(MapEntry* default_instance) {
+    default_instance_ = default_instance;
+    entry_lite_.set_default_instance(&default_instance->entry_lite_);
   }
 
-  KeyBase key_;
-  ValueBase value_;
   static int offsets_[2];
   UnknownFieldSet _unknown_fields_;
-  uint32 _has_bits_[1];
   MapEntry* default_instance_;
+  EntryLiteType entry_lite_;
 
   friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
-  template <typename K, typename V,
-            FieldDescriptor::Type KType,
-            FieldDescriptor::Type VType, int default_enum>
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  template <typename K, typename V, WireFormatLite::FieldType k_wire_type,
+            WireFormatLite::FieldType, int default_enum>
   friend class internal::MapField;
-  friend class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT internal::GeneratedMessageReflection;
+  friend class internal::GeneratedMessageReflection;
 
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapEntry);
 };
 
-template <typename Key, typename Value, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProtoType,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProtoType, int default_enum_value>
-int MapEntry<Key, Value, KeyProtoType, ValueProtoType,
+template <typename Key, typename Value, WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType, int default_enum_value>
+int MapEntry<Key, Value, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
              default_enum_value>::offsets_[2] = {
-    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MapEntry, key_),
-    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MapEntry, value_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MapEntry, entry_lite_.key_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MapEntry, entry_lite_.value_),
 };
 
 }  // namespace internal
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52746da5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_ENTRY_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_ENTRY_LITE_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class Arena;
+namespace internal {
+template <typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+class MapEntry;
+template <typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+class MapFieldLite;
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// MapEntryLite is used to implement parsing and serialization of map for lite
+// runtime.
+template <typename Key, typename Value,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+class MapEntryLite : public MessageLite {
+  // Handlers for key/value wire type. Provide utilities to parse/serialize
+  // key/value.
+  typedef MapWireFieldTypeHandler<kKeyFieldType> KeyWireHandler;
+  typedef MapWireFieldTypeHandler<kValueFieldType> ValueWireHandler;
+
+  // Define key/value's internal stored type. Message is the only one whose
+  // internal stored type cannot be inferred from its proto type
+  static const bool kIsKeyMessage = KeyWireHandler::kIsMessage;
+  static const bool kIsValueMessage = ValueWireHandler::kIsMessage;
+  typedef typename KeyWireHandler::CppType KeyInternalType;
+  typedef typename ValueWireHandler::CppType ValueInternalType;
+  typedef typename MapIf<kIsKeyMessage, Key, KeyInternalType>::type
+      KeyCppType;
+  typedef typename MapIf<kIsValueMessage, Value, ValueInternalType>::type
+      ValCppType;
+
+  // Handlers for key/value's internal stored type. Provide utilities to
+  // manipulate internal stored type. We need it because some types are stored
+  // as values and others are stored as pointers (Message and string), but we
+  // need to keep the code in MapEntry unified instead of providing different
+  // codes for each type.
+  typedef MapCppTypeHandler<KeyCppType> KeyCppHandler;
+  typedef MapCppTypeHandler<ValCppType> ValueCppHandler;
+
+  // Define internal memory layout. Strings and messages are stored as
+  // pointers, while other types are stored as values.
+  static const bool kKeyIsStringOrMessage = KeyCppHandler::kIsStringOrMessage;
+  static const bool kValIsStringOrMessage = ValueCppHandler::kIsStringOrMessage;
+  typedef typename MapIf<kKeyIsStringOrMessage, KeyCppType*, KeyCppType>::type
+      KeyBase;
+  typedef typename MapIf<kValIsStringOrMessage, ValCppType*, ValCppType>::type
+      ValueBase;
+
+  // Constants for field number.
+  static const int kKeyFieldNumber = 1;
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 2;
+
+  // Constants for field tag.
+  static const uint8 kKeyTag = GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(
+      kKeyFieldNumber, KeyWireHandler::kWireType);
+  static const uint8 kValueTag = GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(
+      kValueFieldNumber, ValueWireHandler::kWireType);
+  static const int kTagSize = 1;
+
+ public:
+  ~MapEntryLite() {
+    if (this != default_instance_) {
+      KeyCppHandler::Delete(key_);
+      ValueCppHandler::Delete(value_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // accessors ======================================================
+
+  virtual inline const KeyCppType& key() const {
+    return KeyCppHandler::Reference(key_);
+  }
+  inline KeyCppType* mutable_key() {
+    set_has_key();
+    KeyCppHandler::EnsureMutable(&key_, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    return KeyCppHandler::Pointer(key_);
+  }
+  virtual inline const ValCppType& value() const {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(default_instance_ != NULL);
+    return ValueCppHandler::DefaultIfNotInitialized(value_,
+                                                    default_instance_->value_);
+  }
+  inline ValCppType* mutable_value() {
+    set_has_value();
+    ValueCppHandler::EnsureMutable(&value_, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+    return ValueCppHandler::Pointer(value_);
+  }
+
+  // implements MessageLite =========================================
+
+  // MapEntryLite is for implementation only and this function isn't called
+  // anywhere. Just provide a fake implementation here for MessageLite.
+  string GetTypeName() const { return ""; }
+
+  void CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(const MessageLite& other) {
+    MergeFrom(*::google::protobuf::down_cast<const MapEntryLite*>(&other));
+  }
+
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+    uint32 tag;
+
+    for (;;) {
+      // 1) corrupted data: return false;
+      // 2) unknown field: skip without putting into unknown field set;
+      // 3) unknown enum value: keep it in parsing. In proto2, caller should
+      // check the value and put this entry into containing message's unknown
+      // field set if the value is an unknown enum. In proto3, caller doesn't
+      // need to care whether the value is unknown enum;
+      // 4) missing key/value: missed key/value will have default value. caller
+      // should take this entry as if key/value is set to default value.
+      tag = input->ReadTag();
+      switch (tag) {
+        case kKeyTag:
+          if (!KeyWireHandler::Read(input, mutable_key())) return false;
+          set_has_key();
+          if (!input->ExpectTag(kValueTag)) break;
+          GOOGLE_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+
+        case kValueTag:
+          if (!ValueWireHandler::Read(input, mutable_value())) return false;
+          set_has_value();
+          if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) return true;
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          if (tag == 0 ||
+              WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+              WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (!WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag)) return false;
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  int ByteSize() const {
+    int size = 0;
+    size += has_key() ? kTagSize + KeyWireHandler::ByteSize(key()) : 0;
+    size += has_value() ? kTagSize + ValueWireHandler::ByteSize(value()) : 0;
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+    KeyWireHandler::Write(kKeyFieldNumber, key(), output);
+    ValueWireHandler::Write(kValueFieldNumber, value(), output);
+  }
+
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const {
+    output = KeyWireHandler::WriteToArray(kKeyFieldNumber, key(), output);
+    output =
+        ValueWireHandler::WriteToArray(kValueFieldNumber, value(), output);
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  int GetCachedSize() const {
+    int size = 0;
+    size += has_key() ? kTagSize + KeyWireHandler::GetCachedSize(key()) : 0;
+    size +=
+        has_value() ? kTagSize + ValueWireHandler::GetCachedSize(value()) : 0;
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  bool IsInitialized() const { return ValueCppHandler::IsInitialized(value_); }
+
+  MessageLite* New() const {
+    MapEntryLite* entry = new MapEntryLite;
+    entry->default_instance_ = default_instance_;
+    return entry;
+  }
+
+  MessageLite* New(Arena* arena) const {
+    MapEntryLite* entry = Arena::CreateMessage<MapEntryLite>(arena);
+    entry->default_instance_ = default_instance_;
+    return entry;
+  }
+
+  int SpaceUsed() const {
+    int size = sizeof(MapEntryLite);
+    size += KeyCppHandler::SpaceUsedInMapEntry(key_);
+    size += ValueCppHandler::SpaceUsedInMapEntry(value_);
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  void MergeFrom(const MapEntryLite& from) {
+    if (from._has_bits_[0]) {
+      if (from.has_key()) {
+        KeyCppHandler::EnsureMutable(&key_, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+        KeyCppHandler::Merge(from.key(), &key_);
+        set_has_key();
+      }
+      if (from.has_value()) {
+        ValueCppHandler::EnsureMutable(&value_, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+        ValueCppHandler::Merge(from.value(), &value_);
+        set_has_value();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void Clear() {
+    KeyCppHandler::Clear(&key_);
+    ValueCppHandler::ClearMaybeByDefaultEnum(&value_, default_enum_value);
+    clear_has_key();
+    clear_has_value();
+  }
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+    KeyCppHandler::AssignDefaultValue(&key_);
+    ValueCppHandler::AssignDefaultValue(&value_);
+  }
+
+  Arena* GetArena() const {
+    return GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  }
+
+  // Create a MapEntryLite for given key and value from google::protobuf::Map in
+  // serialization. This function is only called when value is enum. Enum is
+  // treated differently because its type in MapEntry is int and its type in
+  // google::protobuf::Map is enum. We cannot create a reference to int from an enum.
+  static MapEntryLite* EnumWrap(const Key& key, const Value value,
+                                Arena* arena) {
+    return Arena::CreateMessage<MapEnumEntryWrapper<
+        Key, Value, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType, default_enum_value> >(
+        arena, key, value);
+  }
+
+  // Like above, but for all the other types. This avoids value copy to create
+  // MapEntryLite from google::protobuf::Map in serialization.
+  static MapEntryLite* Wrap(const Key& key, const Value& value, Arena* arena) {
+    return Arena::CreateMessage<MapEntryWrapper<Key, Value, kKeyFieldType,
+                                                kValueFieldType,
+                                                default_enum_value> >(
+        arena, key, value);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void set_has_key() { _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u; }
+  bool has_key() const { return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0; }
+  void clear_has_key() { _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u; }
+  void set_has_value() { _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u; }
+  bool has_value() const { return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0; }
+  void clear_has_value() { _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u; }
+
+ private:
+  // Serializing a generated message containing map field involves serializing
+  // key-value pairs from google::protobuf::Map. The wire format of each key-value pair
+  // after serialization should be the same as that of a MapEntry message
+  // containing the same key and value inside it.  However, google::protobuf::Map doesn't
+  // store key and value as MapEntry message, which disables us to use existing
+  // code to serialize message. In order to use existing code to serialize
+  // message, we need to construct a MapEntry from key-value pair. But it
+  // involves copy of key and value to construct a MapEntry. In order to avoid
+  // this copy in constructing a MapEntry, we need the following class which
+  // only takes references of given key and value.
+  template <typename K, typename V, WireFormatLite::FieldType k_wire_type,
+            WireFormatLite::FieldType v_wire_type, int default_enum>
+  class MapEntryWrapper
+      : public MapEntryLite<K, V, k_wire_type, v_wire_type, default_enum> {
+    typedef MapEntryLite<K, V, k_wire_type, v_wire_type, default_enum> Base;
+    typedef typename Base::KeyCppType KeyCppType;
+    typedef typename Base::ValCppType ValCppType;
+
+   public:
+    MapEntryWrapper(Arena* arena, const K& key, const V& value)
+        : MapEntryLite<K, V, k_wire_type, v_wire_type, default_enum>(arena),
+          key_(key),
+          value_(value) {
+      Base::set_has_key();
+      Base::set_has_value();
+    }
+    inline const KeyCppType& key() const { return key_; }
+    inline const ValCppType& value() const { return value_; }
+
+   private:
+    const Key& key_;
+    const Value& value_;
+
+    friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+    typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+    typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  };
+
+  // Like above, but for enum value only, which stores value instead of
+  // reference of value field inside. This is needed because the type of value
+  // field in constructor is an enum, while we need to store it as an int. If we
+  // initialize a reference to int with a reference to enum, compiler will
+  // generate a temporary int from enum and initialize the reference to int with
+  // the temporary.
+  template <typename K, typename V, WireFormatLite::FieldType k_wire_type,
+            WireFormatLite::FieldType v_wire_type, int default_enum>
+  class MapEnumEntryWrapper
+      : public MapEntryLite<K, V, k_wire_type, v_wire_type, default_enum> {
+    typedef MapEntryLite<K, V, k_wire_type, v_wire_type, default_enum> Base;
+    typedef typename Base::KeyCppType KeyCppType;
+    typedef typename Base::ValCppType ValCppType;
+
+   public:
+    MapEnumEntryWrapper(Arena* arena, const K& key, const V& value)
+        : MapEntryLite<K, V, k_wire_type, v_wire_type, default_enum>(arena),
+          key_(key),
+          value_(value) {
+      Base::set_has_key();
+      Base::set_has_value();
+    }
+    inline const KeyCppType& key() const { return key_; }
+    inline const ValCppType& value() const { return value_; }
+
+   private:
+    const KeyCppType& key_;
+    const ValCppType value_;
+
+    friend class google::protobuf::Arena;
+    typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  };
+
+  MapEntryLite() : default_instance_(NULL), arena_(NULL) {
+    KeyCppHandler::Initialize(&key_, NULL);
+    ValueCppHandler::InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(
+        &value_, default_enum_value, NULL);
+    _has_bits_[0] = 0;
+  }
+
+  explicit MapEntryLite(Arena* arena)
+      : default_instance_(NULL), arena_(arena) {
+    KeyCppHandler::Initialize(&key_, arena);
+    ValueCppHandler::InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(
+        &value_, default_enum_value, arena);
+    _has_bits_[0] = 0;
+  }
+
+  inline Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return arena_;
+  }
+
+  void set_default_instance(MapEntryLite* default_instance) {
+    default_instance_ = default_instance;
+  }
+
+  MapEntryLite* default_instance_;
+
+  KeyBase key_;
+  ValueBase value_;
+  Arena* arena_;
+  uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  template <typename K, typename V, WireFormatLite::FieldType,
+            WireFormatLite::FieldType, int>
+  friend class internal::MapEntry;
+  template <typename K, typename V, WireFormatLite::FieldType,
+            WireFormatLite::FieldType, int>
+  friend class internal::MapFieldLite;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapEntryLite);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_ENTRY_LITE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/map_field.cc
index b535ec28..6ff1936e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_field.cc
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ void InitMapEntryDefaultInstances() {
 }
 
 void RegisterMapEntryDefaultInstance(MessageLite* default_instance) {
-  GoogleOnceInit(&map_entry_default_instances_once_,
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&map_entry_default_instances_once_,
                  &InitMapEntryDefaultInstances);
   MutexLock lock(map_entry_default_instances_mutex_);
   map_entry_default_instances_->push_back(default_instance);
 }
 
 MapFieldBase::~MapFieldBase() {
-  if (repeated_field_ != NULL) delete repeated_field_;
+  if (repeated_field_ != NULL && arena_ == NULL) delete repeated_field_;
 }
 
 const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& MapFieldBase::GetRepeatedField() const {
@@ -104,32 +104,42 @@ void MapFieldBase::SetRepeatedDirty() { state_ = STATE_MODIFIED_REPEATED; }
 void* MapFieldBase::MutableRepeatedPtrField() const { return repeated_field_; }
 
 void MapFieldBase::SyncRepeatedFieldWithMap() const {
-  Atomic32 state = google::protobuf::internal::NoBarrier_Load(&state_);
+  // "Acquire" insures the operation after SyncRepeatedFieldWithMap won't get
+  // executed before state_ is checked.
+  Atomic32 state = google::protobuf::internal::Acquire_Load(&state_);
   if (state == STATE_MODIFIED_MAP) {
     mutex_.Lock();
     // Double check state, because another thread may have seen the same state
     // and done the synchronization before the current thread.
     if (state_ == STATE_MODIFIED_MAP) {
       SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock();
-      google::protobuf::internal::NoBarrier_Store(&state_, CLEAN);
+      // "Release" insures state_ can only be changed "after"
+      // SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock is finished.
+      google::protobuf::internal::Release_Store(&state_, CLEAN);
     }
     mutex_.Unlock();
   }
 }
 
 void MapFieldBase::SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock() const {
-  if (repeated_field_ == NULL) repeated_field_ = new RepeatedPtrField<Message>;
+  if (repeated_field_ == NULL) {
+    repeated_field_ = Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<Message> >(arena_);
+  }
 }
 
 void MapFieldBase::SyncMapWithRepeatedField() const {
-  Atomic32 state = google::protobuf::internal::NoBarrier_Load(&state_);
+  // "Acquire" insures the operation after SyncMapWithRepeatedField won't get
+  // executed before state_ is checked.
+  Atomic32 state = google::protobuf::internal::Acquire_Load(&state_);
   if (state == STATE_MODIFIED_REPEATED) {
     mutex_.Lock();
     // Double check state, because another thread may have seen the same state
     // and done the synchronization before the current thread.
     if (state_ == STATE_MODIFIED_REPEATED) {
       SyncMapWithRepeatedFieldNoLock();
-      google::protobuf::internal::NoBarrier_Store(&state_, CLEAN);
+      // "Release" insures state_ can only be changed "after"
+      // SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock is finished.
+      google::protobuf::internal::Release_Store(&state_, CLEAN);
     }
     mutex_.Unlock();
   }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/map_field.h
index 8516d74e..56d3d0f4 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_field.h
@@ -34,8 +34,10 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/map.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map_entry.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/message.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
@@ -56,11 +58,21 @@ class MapFieldAccessor;
 class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MapFieldBase {
  public:
   MapFieldBase()
-      : base_map_(NULL),
+      : arena_(NULL),
         repeated_field_(NULL),
         entry_descriptor_(NULL),
         assign_descriptor_callback_(NULL),
         state_(STATE_MODIFIED_MAP) {}
+  explicit MapFieldBase(Arena* arena)
+      : arena_(arena),
+        repeated_field_(NULL),
+        entry_descriptor_(NULL),
+        assign_descriptor_callback_(NULL),
+        state_(STATE_MODIFIED_MAP) {
+    // Mutex's destructor needs to be called explicitly to release resources
+    // acquired in its constructor.
+    arena->OwnDestructor(&mutex_);
+  }
   virtual ~MapFieldBase();
 
   // Returns reference to internal repeated field. Data written using
@@ -109,7 +121,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MapFieldBase {
     CLEAN = 2,  // data in map and repeated field are same
   };
 
-  mutable void* base_map_;
+  Arena* arena_;
   mutable RepeatedPtrField<Message>* repeated_field_;
   // MapEntry can only be created from MapField. To create MapEntry, MapField
   // needs to know its descriptor, because MapEntry is not generated class which
@@ -134,41 +146,55 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MapFieldBase {
 // This class provides accesss to map field using generated api. It is used for
 // internal generated message implentation only. Users should never use this
 // directly.
-template<typename Key, typename T,
-         FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-         FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value = 0>
-class MapField : public MapFieldBase {
-  // Handlers for key/value's proto field type.
-  typedef MapProtoTypeHandler<KeyProto> KeyProtoHandler;
-  typedef MapProtoTypeHandler<ValueProto> ValueProtoHandler;
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value = 0>
+class MapField : public MapFieldBase,
+                 public MapFieldLite<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+                                     default_enum_value> {
+  // Handlers for key/value wire type. Provide utilities to parse/serialize
+  // key/value.
+  typedef MapWireFieldTypeHandler<kKeyFieldType> KeyWireHandler;
+  typedef MapWireFieldTypeHandler<kValueFieldType> ValueWireHandler;
 
   // Define key/value's internal stored type.
-  typedef typename KeyProtoHandler::CppType KeyHandlerCpp;
-  typedef typename ValueProtoHandler::CppType ValHandlerCpp;
-  static const bool kIsKeyMessage = KeyProtoHandler::kIsMessage;
-  static const bool kIsValMessage = ValueProtoHandler::kIsMessage;
-  typedef typename MapIf<kIsKeyMessage, Key, KeyHandlerCpp>::type KeyCpp;
-  typedef typename MapIf<kIsValMessage, T  , ValHandlerCpp>::type ValCpp;
+  static const bool kIsKeyMessage = KeyWireHandler::kIsMessage;
+  static const bool kIsValMessage = ValueWireHandler::kIsMessage;
+  typedef typename KeyWireHandler::CppType KeyInternalType;
+  typedef typename ValueWireHandler::CppType ValueInternalType;
+  typedef typename MapIf<kIsKeyMessage, Key, KeyInternalType>::type KeyCpp;
+  typedef typename MapIf<kIsValMessage, T  , ValueInternalType>::type ValCpp;
 
   // Handlers for key/value's internal stored type.
   typedef MapCppTypeHandler<KeyCpp> KeyHandler;
   typedef MapCppTypeHandler<ValCpp> ValHandler;
 
   // Define message type for internal repeated field.
-  typedef MapEntry<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value> EntryType;
+  typedef MapEntry<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>
+      EntryType;
+  typedef MapEntryLite<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+                       default_enum_value> EntryLiteType;
+
+  // Define abbreviation for parent MapFieldLite
+  typedef MapFieldLite<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+                       default_enum_value> MapFieldLiteType;
 
   // Enum needs to be handled differently from other types because it has
   // different exposed type in google::protobuf::Map's api and repeated field's api. For
   // details see the comment in the implementation of
   // SyncMapWithRepeatedFieldNoLocki.
-  static const bool kIsValueEnum = ValueProtoHandler::kIsEnum;
+  static const bool kIsValueEnum = ValueWireHandler::kIsEnum;
   typedef typename MapIf<kIsValueEnum, T, const T&>::type CastValueType;
 
  public:
   MapField();
+  explicit MapField(Arena* arena);
   // MapField doesn't own the default_entry, which means default_entry must
   // outlive the lifetime of MapField.
   MapField(const Message* default_entry);
+  // For tests only.
+  MapField(Arena* arena, const Message* default_entry);
   ~MapField();
 
   // Accessors
@@ -178,29 +204,23 @@ class MapField : public MapFieldBase {
   // Convenient methods for generated message implementation.
   int size() const;
   void Clear();
-  void MergeFrom(const MapField& other);
-  void Swap(MapField* other);
+  void MergeFrom(const MapFieldLiteType& other);
+  void Swap(MapFieldLiteType* other);
 
   // Allocates metadata only if this MapField is part of a generated message.
   void SetEntryDescriptor(const Descriptor** descriptor);
   void SetAssignDescriptorCallback(void (*callback)());
 
-  // Set default enum value only for proto2 map field whose value is enum type.
-  void SetDefaultEnumValue();
-
-  // Used in the implementation of parsing. Caller should take the ownership.
-  EntryType* NewEntry() const;
-  // Used in the implementation of serializing enum value type. Caller should
-  // take the ownership.
-  EntryType* NewEnumEntryWrapper(const Key& key, const T t) const;
-  // Used in the implementation of serializing other value types. Caller should
-  // take the ownership.
-  EntryType* NewEntryWrapper(const Key& key, const T& t) const;
-
  private:
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+
   // MapField needs MapEntry's default instance to create new MapEntry.
   void InitDefaultEntryOnce() const;
 
+  // Manually set default entry instance. For test only.
+  void SetDefaultEntryOnce(const EntryType* default_entry) const;
+
   // Convenient methods to get internal google::protobuf::Map
   const Map<Key, T>& GetInternalMap() const;
   Map<Key, T>* MutableInternalMap();
@@ -211,14 +231,9 @@ class MapField : public MapFieldBase {
   int SpaceUsedExcludingSelfNoLock() const;
 
   mutable const EntryType* default_entry_;
-};
 
-// True if IsInitialized() is true for value field in all elements of t. T is
-// expected to be message.  It's useful to have this helper here to keep the
-// protobuf compiler from ever having to emit loops in IsInitialized() methods.
-// We want the C++ compiler to inline this or not as it sees fit.
-template <typename Key, typename T>
-bool AllAreInitialized(const Map<Key, T>& t);
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+};
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h b/src/google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h
index 79302e48..5b4305f9 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h
@@ -43,160 +43,183 @@ namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
 namespace internal {
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::MapField()
-    : default_entry_(NULL) {
-  MapFieldBase::base_map_ = new Map<Key, T>;
-  SetDefaultEnumValue();
-}
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>::MapField()
+    : default_entry_(NULL) {}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>::MapField(
+    Arena* arena)
+    : MapFieldBase(arena),
+      MapFieldLite<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>(
+          arena),
+      default_entry_(NULL) {}
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::MapField(
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>::MapField(
     const Message* default_entry)
-    : default_entry_(down_cast<const EntryType*>(default_entry)) {
-  MapFieldBase::base_map_ = new Map<Key, T>;
-  SetDefaultEnumValue();
-}
+    : default_entry_(down_cast<const EntryType*>(default_entry)) {}
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::~MapField() {
-  delete reinterpret_cast<Map<Key, T>*>(MapFieldBase::base_map_);
-}
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>::MapField(
+    Arena* arena, const Message* default_entry)
+    : MapFieldBase(arena),
+      MapFieldLite<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType, default_enum_value>(
+          arena),
+      default_entry_(down_cast<const EntryType*>(default_entry)) {}
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-int MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::size() const {
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::~MapField() {}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+int
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::size() const {
   SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
-  return GetInternalMap().size();
+  return MapFieldLiteType::GetInternalMap().size();
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-void MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::Clear() {
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+void
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::Clear() {
   SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
-  MutableInternalMap()->clear();
+  MapFieldLiteType::MutableInternalMap()->clear();
   SetMapDirty();
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
 const Map<Key, T>&
-MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::GetMap() const {
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::GetMap() const {
   SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
-  return GetInternalMap();
+  return MapFieldLiteType::GetInternalMap();
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
 Map<Key, T>*
-MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::MutableMap() {
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::MutableMap() {
   SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
-  Map<Key, T>* result = MutableInternalMap();
+  Map<Key, T>* result = MapFieldLiteType::MutableInternalMap();
   SetMapDirty();
   return result;
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-void MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::MergeFrom(
-    const MapField& other) {
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+void
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::MergeFrom(
+    const MapFieldLiteType& other) {
+  const MapField& down_other = down_cast<const MapField&>(other);
   SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
-  other.SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
-
-  Map<Key, T>* map = MutableInternalMap();
-  const Map<Key, T>& other_map = other.GetInternalMap();
-  for (typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator it = other_map.begin();
-       it != other_map.end(); ++it) {
-    (*map)[it->first] = it->second;
-  }
+  down_other.SyncMapWithRepeatedField();
+  MapFieldLiteType::MergeFrom(other);
   SetMapDirty();
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-void MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::Swap(
-    MapField* other) {
-  std::swap(repeated_field_, other->repeated_field_);
-  std::swap(base_map_, other->base_map_);
-  std::swap(state_, other->state_);
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+void
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::Swap(
+    MapFieldLiteType* other) {
+  MapField* down_other = down_cast<MapField*>(other);
+  std::swap(repeated_field_, down_other->repeated_field_);
+  MapFieldLiteType::Swap(other);
+  std::swap(state_, down_other->state_);
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
 void
-MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::SetEntryDescriptor(
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::SetEntryDescriptor(
     const Descriptor** descriptor) {
   entry_descriptor_ = descriptor;
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
 void
-MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto,
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
          default_enum_value>::SetAssignDescriptorCallback(void (*callback)()) {
   assign_descriptor_callback_ = callback;
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-void MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto,
-              default_enum_value>::SetDefaultEnumValue() {
-  MutableInternalMap()->SetDefaultEnumValue(default_enum_value);
-}
-
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-MapEntry<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>*
-MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::NewEntry() const {
-  // The MapEntry instance created here is only used in generated code for
-  // parsing. It doesn't have default instance, descriptor or reflection,
-  // because these are not needed in parsing and will prevent us from using it
-  // for parsing MessageLite.
-  return new EntryType();
-}
-
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-MapEntry<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>*
-MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::NewEntryWrapper(
-    const Key& key, const T& t) const {
-  return EntryType::Wrap(key, t);
-}
-
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-MapEntry<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>*
-MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto, default_enum_value>::NewEnumEntryWrapper(
-    const Key& key, const T t) const {
-  return EntryType::EnumWrap(key, t);
-}
-
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-const Map<Key, T>& MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto,
-                            default_enum_value>::GetInternalMap() const {
-  return *reinterpret_cast<Map<Key, T>*>(MapFieldBase::base_map_);
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+const Map<Key, T>&
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::GetInternalMap() const {
+  return MapFieldLiteType::GetInternalMap();
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-Map<Key, T>* MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto,
-                      default_enum_value>::MutableInternalMap() {
-  return reinterpret_cast<Map<Key, T>*>(MapFieldBase::base_map_);
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+Map<Key, T>*
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::MutableInternalMap() {
+  return MapFieldLiteType::MutableInternalMap();
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-void MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto,
-              default_enum_value>::SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock() const {
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+void
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::SyncRepeatedFieldWithMapNoLock() const {
   if (repeated_field_ == NULL) {
-    repeated_field_ = new RepeatedPtrField<Message>();
+    if (MapFieldBase::arena_ == NULL) {
+      repeated_field_ = new RepeatedPtrField<Message>();
+    } else {
+      repeated_field_ = Arena::CreateMessage<RepeatedPtrField<Message> >(
+          MapFieldBase::arena_);
+    }
   }
-  const Map<Key, T>& map =
-      *static_cast<const Map<Key, T>*>(MapFieldBase::base_map_);
+  const Map<Key, T>& map = GetInternalMap();
   RepeatedPtrField<EntryType>* repeated_field =
       reinterpret_cast<RepeatedPtrField<EntryType>*>(repeated_field_);
 
@@ -206,18 +229,22 @@ void MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto,
        it != map.end(); ++it) {
     InitDefaultEntryOnce();
     GOOGLE_CHECK(default_entry_ != NULL);
-    EntryType* new_entry = down_cast<EntryType*>(default_entry_->New());
+    EntryType* new_entry =
+        down_cast<EntryType*>(default_entry_->New(MapFieldBase::arena_));
     repeated_field->AddAllocated(new_entry);
-    new_entry->set_key(it->first);
-    new_entry->set_value(it->second);
+    (*new_entry->mutable_key()) = it->first;
+    (*new_entry->mutable_value()) = it->second;
   }
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-void MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto,
-              default_enum_value>::SyncMapWithRepeatedFieldNoLock() const {
-  Map<Key, T>* map = reinterpret_cast<Map<Key, T>*>(MapFieldBase::base_map_);
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+void
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::SyncMapWithRepeatedFieldNoLock() const {
+  Map<Key, T>* map = const_cast<MapField*>(this)->MutableInternalMap();
   RepeatedPtrField<EntryType>* repeated_field =
       reinterpret_cast<RepeatedPtrField<EntryType>*>(repeated_field_);
   map->clear();
@@ -232,15 +259,18 @@ void MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto,
   }
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-int MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto,
-             default_enum_value>::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfNoLock() const {
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+int
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::SpaceUsedExcludingSelfNoLock() const {
   int size = 0;
   if (repeated_field_ != NULL) {
     size += repeated_field_->SpaceUsedExcludingSelf();
   }
-  Map<Key, T>* map = reinterpret_cast<Map<Key, T>*>(MapFieldBase::base_map_);
+  Map<Key, T>* map = const_cast<MapField*>(this)->MutableInternalMap();
   size += sizeof(*map);
   for (typename Map<Key, T>::iterator it = map->begin();
        it != map->end(); ++it) {
@@ -250,10 +280,14 @@ int MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto,
   return size;
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T, FieldDescriptor::Type KeyProto,
-          FieldDescriptor::Type ValueProto, int default_enum_value>
-void MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto,
-              default_enum_value>::InitDefaultEntryOnce() const {
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kKeyFieldType,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType kValueFieldType,
+          int default_enum_value>
+void
+MapField<Key, T, kKeyFieldType, kValueFieldType,
+         default_enum_value>::InitDefaultEntryOnce()
+    const {
   if (default_entry_ == NULL) {
     InitMetadataOnce();
     GOOGLE_CHECK(*entry_descriptor_ != NULL);
@@ -262,15 +296,6 @@ void MapField<Key, T, KeyProto, ValueProto,
   }
 }
 
-template <typename Key, typename T>
-bool AllAreInitialized(const Map<Key, T>& t) {
-  for (typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator it = t.begin(); it != t.end();
-       ++it) {
-    if (!it->second.IsInitialized()) return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace protobuf
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_field_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/map_field_lite.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..860dae55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_field_lite.h
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_FIELD_LITE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_FIELD_LITE_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/map.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// This class provides accesss to map field using generated api. It is used for
+// internal generated message implentation only. Users should never use this
+// directly.
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value = 0>
+class MapFieldLite {
+  // Define message type for internal repeated field.
+  typedef MapEntryLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+                       default_enum_value> EntryType;
+
+ public:
+  MapFieldLite();
+  explicit MapFieldLite(Arena* arena);
+  virtual ~MapFieldLite();
+
+  // Accessors
+  virtual const Map<Key, T>& GetMap() const;
+  virtual Map<Key, T>* MutableMap();
+
+  // Convenient methods for generated message implementation.
+  virtual int size() const;
+  virtual void Clear();
+  virtual void MergeFrom(const MapFieldLite& other);
+  virtual void Swap(MapFieldLite* other);
+
+  // Set default enum value only for proto2 map field whose value is enum type.
+  void SetDefaultEnumValue();
+
+  // Used in the implementation of parsing. Caller should take the ownership.
+  EntryType* NewEntry() const;
+  // Used in the implementation of serializing enum value type. Caller should
+  // take the ownership.
+  EntryType* NewEnumEntryWrapper(const Key& key, const T t) const;
+  // Used in the implementation of serializing other value types. Caller should
+  // take the ownership.
+  EntryType* NewEntryWrapper(const Key& key, const T& t) const;
+
+ protected:
+  // Convenient methods to get internal google::protobuf::Map
+  virtual const Map<Key, T>& GetInternalMap() const;
+  virtual Map<Key, T>* MutableInternalMap();
+
+ private:
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+
+  Arena* arena_;
+  Map<Key, T>* map_;
+
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+};
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::MapFieldLite()
+    : arena_(NULL) {
+  map_ = new Map<Key, T>;
+  SetDefaultEnumValue();
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::MapFieldLite(Arena* arena)
+  : arena_(arena) {
+  map_ = Arena::CreateMessage<Map<Key, T> >(arena);
+  SetDefaultEnumValue();
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::~MapFieldLite() {
+  delete map_;
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+const Map<Key, T>&
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::GetMap() const {
+  return *map_;
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+Map<Key, T>*
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::MutableMap() {
+  return map_;
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+int
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::size() const {
+  return map_->size();
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+void
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::Clear() {
+  map_->clear();
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+void
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::MergeFrom(
+    const MapFieldLite& other) {
+  for (typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator it = other.map_->begin();
+       it != other.map_->end(); ++it) {
+    (*map_)[it->first] = it->second;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+void
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::Swap(
+    MapFieldLite* other) {
+  std::swap(map_, other->map_);
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+void
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::SetDefaultEnumValue() {
+  MutableInternalMap()->SetDefaultEnumValue(default_enum_value);
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+const Map<Key, T>&
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::GetInternalMap() const {
+  return *map_;
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+Map<Key, T>*
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::MutableInternalMap() {
+  return map_;
+}
+
+#define EntryType \
+  MapEntryLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type, default_enum_value>
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+EntryType*
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::NewEntry() const {
+  if (arena_ == NULL) {
+    return new EntryType();
+  } else {
+    return Arena::CreateMessage<EntryType>(arena_);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+EntryType*
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::NewEnumEntryWrapper(const Key& key,
+                                                      const T t) const {
+  return EntryType::EnumWrap(key, t, arena_);
+}
+
+template <typename Key, typename T,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType key_wire_type,
+          WireFormatLite::FieldType value_wire_type,
+          int default_enum_value>
+EntryType*
+MapFieldLite<Key, T, key_wire_type, value_wire_type,
+             default_enum_value>::NewEntryWrapper(const Key& key,
+                                                  const T& t) const {
+  return EntryType::Wrap(key, t, arena_);
+}
+
+#undef EntryType
+
+// True if IsInitialized() is true for value field in all elements of t. T is
+// expected to be message.  It's useful to have this helper here to keep the
+// protobuf compiler from ever having to emit loops in IsInitialized() methods.
+// We want the C++ compiler to inline this or not as it sees fit.
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+bool AllAreInitialized(const Map<Key, T>& t) {
+  for (typename Map<Key, T>::const_iterator it = t.begin(); it != t.end();
+       ++it) {
+    if (!it->second.IsInitialized()) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_FIELD_LITE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_field_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/map_field_test.cc
index 045f8f2c..e3a64079 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_field_test.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_field_test.cc
@@ -35,13 +35,16 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map_unittest.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map_test_util.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/message.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 namespace google {
@@ -53,6 +56,10 @@ using unittest::TestAllTypes;
 
 class MapFieldBaseStub : public MapFieldBase {
  public:
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  MapFieldBaseStub() {}
+  explicit MapFieldBaseStub(Arena* arena) : MapFieldBase(arena) {}
   void SyncRepeatedFieldWithMap() const {
     MapFieldBase::SyncRepeatedFieldWithMap();
   }
@@ -63,16 +70,6 @@ class MapFieldBaseStub : public MapFieldBase {
   RepeatedPtrField<Message>* InternalRepeatedField() {
     return repeated_field_;
   }
-  // Get underlined map without synchronizing repeated field.
-  template <typename MapType>
-  const MapType& GetMap() {
-    return *reinterpret_cast<MapType*>(base_map_);
-  }
-  // Get underlined map without synchronizing repeated field.
-  template <typename MapType>
-  MapType* MutableMap() {
-    return reinterpret_cast<MapType*>(base_map_);
-  }
   bool IsMapClean() { return state_ != 0; }
   bool IsRepeatedClean() { return state_ != 1; }
   void SetMapDirty() { state_ = 0; }
@@ -81,8 +78,8 @@ class MapFieldBaseStub : public MapFieldBase {
 
 class MapFieldBasePrimitiveTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
-  typedef MapField<int32, int32, FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32,
-                   FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32> MapFieldType;
+  typedef MapField<int32, int32, WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32,
+                   WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32, false> MapFieldType;
 
   MapFieldBasePrimitiveTest() {
     // Get descriptors
@@ -144,6 +141,42 @@ TEST_F(MapFieldBasePrimitiveTest, MutableRepeatedField) {
   }
 }
 
+TEST_F(MapFieldBasePrimitiveTest, Arena) {
+  // Allocate a large initial block to avoid mallocs during hooked test.
+  std::vector<char> arena_block(128 * 1024);
+  ArenaOptions options;
+  options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
+  options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
+  Arena arena(options);
+
+  {
+    // TODO(liujisi): Re-write the test to ensure the memory for the map and
+    // repeated fields are allocated from arenas.
+    // NoHeapChecker no_heap;
+
+    MapFieldType* map_field =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<MapFieldType>(&arena, default_entry_);
+
+    // Set content in map
+    (*map_field->MutableMap())[100] = 101;
+
+    // Trigger conversion to repeated field.
+    map_field->GetRepeatedField();
+  }
+
+  {
+    // TODO(liujisi): Re-write the test to ensure the memory for the map and
+    // repeated fields are allocated from arenas.
+    // NoHeapChecker no_heap;
+
+    MapFieldBaseStub* map_field =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<MapFieldBaseStub>(&arena);
+
+    // Trigger conversion to repeated field.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(map_field->MutableRepeatedField() != NULL);
+  }
+}
+
 namespace {
 enum State { CLEAN, MAP_DIRTY, REPEATED_DIRTY };
 }  // anonymous namespace
@@ -152,8 +185,10 @@ class MapFieldStateTest
     : public testing::TestWithParam<State> {
  public:
  protected:
-  typedef MapField<int32, int32, FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32,
-                FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32> MapFieldType;
+  typedef MapField<int32, int32, WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32,
+                   WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32, false> MapFieldType;
+  typedef MapFieldLite<int32, int32, WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32,
+                       WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32, false> MapFieldLiteType;
   MapFieldStateTest() : state_(GetParam()) {
     // Build map field
     const Descriptor* map_descriptor =
@@ -199,9 +234,8 @@ class MapFieldStateTest
     MakeMapDirty(map_field);
     MapFieldBase* map_field_base = map_field;
     map_field_base->MutableRepeatedField();
-    MapFieldBaseStub* stub =
-        reinterpret_cast<MapFieldBaseStub*>(map_field_base);
-    Map<int32, int32>* map = stub->MutableMap<Map<int32, int32> >();
+    Map<int32, int32>* map = implicit_cast<MapFieldLiteType*>(map_field)
+                                 ->MapFieldLiteType::MutableMap();
     map->clear();
 
     Expect(map_field, REPEATED_DIRTY, 0, 1, false);
@@ -213,7 +247,8 @@ class MapFieldStateTest
     MapFieldBaseStub* stub =
         reinterpret_cast<MapFieldBaseStub*>(map_field_base);
 
-    Map<int32, int32>* map = stub->MutableMap<Map<int32, int32> >();
+    Map<int32, int32>* map = implicit_cast<MapFieldLiteType*>(map_field)
+                                 ->MapFieldLiteType::MutableMap();
     RepeatedPtrField<Message>* repeated_field = stub->InternalRepeatedField();
 
     switch (state) {
@@ -430,6 +465,7 @@ TEST_P(MapFieldStateTest, MutableMapField) {
   }
 }
 
+
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.cc b/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b65b4d63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_test_util_impl.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFields(unittest::TestMapLite* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::SetMapFields<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE,
+                                unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE>(message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::SetArenaMapFields(unittest::TestArenaMapLite* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::SetArenaMapFields<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                     unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE,
+                                     unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE>(message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::SetMapFieldsInitialized(unittest::TestMapLite* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::SetMapFieldsInitialized(message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::ModifyMapFields(unittest::TestMapLite* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ModifyMapFields<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                   unittest::MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE>(message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectClear(const unittest::TestMapLite& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectClear(message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(const unittest::TestMapLite& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsSet<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                      unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE,
+                                      unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE>(message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(
+    const unittest::TestArenaMapLite& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                           unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE,
+                                           unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE>(
+      message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(
+    const unittest::TestMapLite& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                                 unittest::MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE>(
+      message);
+}
+
+void MapLiteTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsModified(
+    const unittest::TestMapLite& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsModified<unittest::MapEnumLite,
+                                           unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE,
+                                           unittest::MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE>(
+      message);
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.h b/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..77b5336f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_test_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_LITE_TEST_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_LITE_TEST_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.pb.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class MapLiteTestUtil {
+ public:
+  // Set every field in the TestMapLite message to a unique value.
+  static void SetMapFields(protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite* message);
+
+  // Set every field in the TestArenaMapLite message to a unique value.
+  static void SetArenaMapFields(protobuf_unittest::TestArenaMapLite* message);
+
+  // Set every field in the message to a default value.
+  static void SetMapFieldsInitialized(protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite* message);
+
+  // Modify all the map fields of the messsage (which should already have been
+  // initialized with SetMapFields()).
+  static void ModifyMapFields(protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite* message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFields() is called.
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsSet(const protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFields() is called for TestArenaMapLite.
+  static void ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(
+      const protobuf_unittest::TestArenaMapLite& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFieldsInitialized() is called.
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(
+      const protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite& message);
+
+  // Expect that the message is modified as would be expected from
+  // ModifyMapFields().
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsModified(
+      const protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields are empty.
+  static void ExpectClear(const protobuf_unittest::TestMapLite& message);
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_LITE_TEST_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.proto b/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.proto
index cc71555d..c69e8d94 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.proto
@@ -30,10 +30,104 @@
 
 syntax = "proto2";
 
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
 option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
 
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_lite.proto";
+
 package protobuf_unittest;
 
-message MapLite {
-  map<int32, int32> map_field = 1;
+message TestMapLite {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<string  , string  > map_string_string     = 14;
+  map<int32   , bytes   > map_int32_bytes       = 15;
+  map<int32   , MapEnumLite> map_int32_enum     = 16;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessageLite> map_int32_foreign_message = 17;
+  map<int32, int32> teboring = 18;
+}
+
+message TestArenaMapLite {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<int32   , MapEnumLite> map_int32_enum     = 14;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessageArenaLite> map_int32_foreign_message = 15;
+}
+
+// Test embeded message with required fields
+message TestRequiredMessageMapLite {
+  map<int32, TestRequiredLite> map_field = 1;
+}
+
+message TestEnumStartWithNonZeroMapLite {
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnumStartWithNonZeroLite> map_field = 101;
+}
+
+message TestEnumMapLite {
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnumLite> known_map_field = 101;
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnumLite> unknown_map_field = 102;
+}
+
+message TestEnumMapPlusExtraLite {
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnumPlusExtraLite> known_map_field = 101;
+  map<int32, Proto2MapEnumPlusExtraLite> unknown_map_field = 102;
+}
+
+message TestMessageMapLite {
+  map<int32, TestAllTypesLite> map_int32_message = 1;
+}
+
+enum Proto2MapEnumLite {
+  PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE = 0;
+  PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE = 1;
+  PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE = 2;
+}
+
+enum Proto2MapEnumPlusExtraLite {
+  E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE   = 0;
+  E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE   = 1;
+  E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE   = 2;
+  E_PROTO2_MAP_ENUM_EXTRA_LITE = 3;
+}
+
+enum Proto2MapEnumStartWithNonZeroLite {
+  PROTO2_NON_ZERO_MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE = 1;
+}
+
+enum MapEnumLite {
+  MAP_ENUM_FOO_LITE = 0;
+  MAP_ENUM_BAR_LITE = 1;
+  MAP_ENUM_BAZ_LITE = 2;
+}
+
+message TestRequiredLite {
+  required int32 a = 1;
+  required int32 b = 2;
+  required int32 c = 3;
+}
+
+message ForeignMessageArenaLite {
+  optional int32 c = 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/map_test.cc
index 9db67523..d62ec85f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_test.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_test.cc
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/map_lite_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arena_test_util.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map_proto2_unittest.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map_unittest.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map_test_util.h>
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ TEST_F(MapImplTest, MutableAt) {
 }
 
 #ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
 TEST_F(MapImplTest, MutableAtNonExistDeathTest) {
   EXPECT_DEATH(map_.at(0), "");
 }
@@ -198,6 +199,7 @@ TEST_F(MapImplTest, MutableAtNonExistDeathTest) {
 TEST_F(MapImplTest, ImmutableAtNonExistDeathTest) {
   EXPECT_DEATH(const_map_.at(0), "");
 }
+
 #endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 TEST_F(MapImplTest, CountNonExist) {
@@ -553,6 +555,14 @@ TEST_F(MapImplTest, ConvertToStdMap) {
   EXPECT_EQ(101, std_map[100]);
 }
 
+TEST_F(MapImplTest, ConvertToStdVectorOfPairs) {
+  map_[100] = 101;
+  std::vector<std::pair<int32, int32> > std_vec(map_.begin(), map_.end());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, std_vec.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, std_vec[0].first);
+  EXPECT_EQ(101, std_vec[0].second);
+}
+
 // Map Field Reflection Test ========================================
 
 static int Func(int i, int j) {
@@ -1717,6 +1727,20 @@ TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, MissedValueWireFormat) {
   EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
 }
 
+TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, MissedValueTextFormat) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+
+  // No value field in text format
+  string text =
+      "map_int32_foreign_message {\n"
+      "  key: 1234567890\n"
+      "}";
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(google::protobuf::TextFormat::ParseFromString(text, &message));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(11, message.ByteSize());
+}
+
 TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, UnknownFieldWireFormat) {
   unittest::TestMap message;
 
@@ -1737,18 +1761,6 @@ TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, CorruptedWireFormat) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(data));
 }
 
-TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, MessageLiteMap) {
-  unittest::MapLite from, to;
-  (*from.mutable_map_field())[1] = 1;
-
-  string data;
-  from.SerializeToString(&data);
-  to.ParseFromString(data);
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, to.map_field().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, to.map_field().at(1));
-}
-
 TEST(GeneratedMapFieldTest, IsInitialized) {
   unittest::TestRequiredMessageMap map_message;
 
@@ -2246,6 +2258,73 @@ TEST(TextFormatMapTest, SerializeAndParse) {
   MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(dest);
 }
 
+TEST(TextFormatMapTest, Sorted) {
+  unittest::TestMap message;
+  MapTestUtil::MapReflectionTester tester(message.GetDescriptor());
+  tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(&message);
+
+  string expected_text;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(File::GetContents(
+      TestSourceDir() +
+          "/google/protobuf/"
+          "testdata/map_test_data.txt",
+      &expected_text, true));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(message.DebugString(), expected_text);
+
+  // Test again on the reverse order.
+  unittest::TestMap message2;
+  tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(&message2);
+  tester.SwapMapsViaReflection(&message2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(message2.DebugString(), expected_text);
+}
+
+
+// arena support =================================================
+TEST(ArenaTest, ParsingAndSerializingNoHeapAllocation) {
+  // Allocate a large initial block to avoid mallocs during hooked test.
+  std::vector<char> arena_block(128 * 1024);
+  ArenaOptions options;
+  options.initial_block = &arena_block[0];
+  options.initial_block_size = arena_block.size();
+  Arena arena(options);
+  string data;
+  data.reserve(128 * 1024);
+
+  {
+    NoHeapChecker no_heap;
+
+    unittest::TestArenaMap* from =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestArenaMap>(&arena);
+    MapTestUtil::SetArenaMapFields(from);
+    from->SerializeToString(&data);
+
+    unittest::TestArenaMap* to =
+        Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestArenaMap>(&arena);
+    to->ParseFromString(data);
+    MapTestUtil::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(*to);
+  }
+}
+
+// Use text format parsing and serializing to test reflection api.
+TEST(ArenaTest, RelfectionInTextFormat) {
+  Arena arena;
+  string data;
+
+  TextFormat::Printer printer;
+  TextFormat::Parser parser;
+
+  unittest::TestArenaMap* from =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestArenaMap>(&arena);
+  unittest::TestArenaMap* to =
+      Arena::CreateMessage<unittest::TestArenaMap>(&arena);
+
+  MapTestUtil::SetArenaMapFields(from);
+  printer.PrintToString(*from, &data);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(parser.ParseFromString(data, to));
+  MapTestUtil::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(*to);
+}
 
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.cc b/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.cc
index eb7ea511..1713e373 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.cc
@@ -29,275 +29,60 @@
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
 #include <google/protobuf/map_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_test_util_impl.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/message.h>
 
-#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
 
 void MapTestUtil::SetMapFields(unittest::TestMap* message) {
-  // Add first element.
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[0] = 0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[0] = 0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[0] = 0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[0] = 0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[0] = 0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[0] = 0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[0] = 0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[0] = 0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[0] = 0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[0] = 0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[0] = 0.0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[0] = 0.0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[0] = false;
-  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["0"] = "0";
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[0] = "0";
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[0] =
-      unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR;
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[0].set_c(0);
+  MapTestUtilImpl::SetMapFields<unittest::MapEnum, unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR,
+                                unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ>(message);
+}
 
-  // Add second element
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 1;
-  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[1] = 1;
-  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[1] = 1;
-  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[1] = 1;
-  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[1] = 1;
-  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[1] = 1;
-  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[1] = 1;
-  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[1] = 1;
-  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[1] = 1;
-  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[1] = 1;
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[1] = 1.0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 1.0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[1] = true;
-  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["1"] = "1";
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[1] = "1";
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[1] =
-      unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ;
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[1].set_c(1);
+void MapTestUtil::SetArenaMapFields(unittest::TestArenaMap* message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::SetArenaMapFields<unittest::MapEnum, unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR,
+                                     unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ>(message);
 }
 
 void MapTestUtil::SetMapFieldsInitialized(unittest::TestMap* message) {
-  // Add first element using bracket operator, which should assign default
-  // value automatically.
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["0"];
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[0];
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[0];
+  MapTestUtilImpl::SetMapFieldsInitialized(message);
 }
 
 void MapTestUtil::ModifyMapFields(unittest::TestMap* message) {
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 2;
-  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[1] = 2;
-  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[1] = 2;
-  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[1] = 2;
-  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[1] = 2;
-  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[1] = 2;
-  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[1] = 2;
-  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[1] = 2;
-  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[1] = 2;
-  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[1] = 2;
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[1] = 2.0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 2.0;
-  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[1] = false;
-  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["1"] = "2";
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[1] = "2";
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[1] =
-      unittest::MAP_ENUM_FOO;
-  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[1].set_c(2);
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ModifyMapFields<unittest::MapEnum, unittest::MAP_ENUM_FOO>(
+      message);
 }
 
 void MapTestUtil::ExpectClear(const unittest::TestMap& message) {
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_bool_bool().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_string_string().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_enum().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectClear(message);
 }
 
 void MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSet(const unittest::TestMap& message) {
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int64_int64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_float().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_double().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_bool_bool().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_string_string().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_enum().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_string_string().at("0"));
-  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_int32_bytes().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR, message.map_int32_enum().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).c());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int64_int64().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_float().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_double().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.map_bool_bool().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ("1", message.map_string_string().at("1"));
-  EXPECT_EQ("1", message.map_int32_bytes().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ, message.map_int32_enum().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(1).c());
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsSet<unittest::MapEnum, unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR,
+                                      unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ>(message);
+}
+
+void MapTestUtil::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(
+    const unittest::TestArenaMap& message) {
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet<
+      unittest::MapEnum, unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR, unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAZ>(
+      message);
 }
 
 void MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(
     const unittest::TestMap& message) {
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int64_int64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_float().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_double().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_bool_bool().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_string_string().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_enum().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ("", message.map_string_string().at("0"));
-  EXPECT_EQ("", message.map_int32_bytes().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::MAP_ENUM_FOO, message.map_int32_enum().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).ByteSize());
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized<unittest::MapEnum,
+                                                 unittest::MAP_ENUM_FOO>(
+      message);
 }
 
 void MapTestUtil::ExpectMapFieldsModified(
     const unittest::TestMap& message) {
-  // ModifyMapFields only sets the second element of each field.  In addition to
-  // verifying this, we also verify that the first element and size were *not*
-  // modified.
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int64_int64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_float().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_double().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_bool_bool().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_string_string().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_enum().size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_string_string().at("0"));
-  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_int32_bytes().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR, message.map_int32_enum().at(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).c());
-
-  // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int64_int64().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_float().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_double().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ("2", message.map_string_string().at("1"));
-  EXPECT_EQ("2", message.map_int32_bytes().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::MAP_ENUM_FOO, message.map_int32_enum().at(1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(1).c());
+  MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsModified<
+      unittest::MapEnum, unittest::MAP_ENUM_BAR, unittest::MAP_ENUM_FOO>(
+      message);
 }
 
 void MapTestUtil::ExpectMapsSize(
@@ -1468,8 +1253,9 @@ void MapTestUtil::MapReflectionTester::ExpectMapEntryClearViaReflection(
     sub_message = reflection->AddMessage(message, F("map_int32_enum"));
     EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetInt32(*sub_message,
                                                         key_descriptor));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()->GetEnum(*sub_message,
-                                                        value_descriptor));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, sub_message->GetReflection()
+                     ->GetEnum(*sub_message, value_descriptor)
+                     ->number());
   }
   // Map using message as value has been tested in other place. Thus, we don't
   // test it here.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.h b/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.h
index 653cf107..f437e33e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util.h
@@ -40,9 +40,12 @@ namespace unittest = ::protobuf_unittest;
 
 class MapTestUtil {
  public:
-  // Set every field in the message to a unique value.
+  // Set every field in the TestMap message to a unique value.
   static void SetMapFields(unittest::TestMap* message);
 
+  // Set every field in the TestArenaMap message to a unique value.
+  static void SetArenaMapFields(unittest::TestArenaMap* message);
+
   // Set every field in the message to a default value.
   static void SetMapFieldsInitialized(unittest::TestMap* message);
 
@@ -55,6 +58,10 @@ class MapTestUtil {
   static void ExpectMapFieldsSet(const unittest::TestMap& message);
 
   // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFields() is called for TestArenaMap.
+  static void ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(const unittest::TestArenaMap& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
   // SetMapFieldsInitialized() is called.
   static void ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(
       const unittest::TestMap& message);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util_impl.h b/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e7882a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_test_util_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_TEST_UTIL_IMPL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_TEST_UTIL_IMPL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+
+#define EXPECT_TRUE GOOGLE_CHECK
+#define ASSERT_TRUE GOOGLE_CHECK
+#define EXPECT_FALSE(COND) GOOGLE_CHECK(!(COND))
+#define EXPECT_EQ GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ
+#define ASSERT_EQ GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf_unittest {}  // forward declaration
+
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace unittest = ::protobuf_unittest;
+
+class MapTestUtilImpl {
+ public:
+  // Set every field in the TestMap message to a unique value.
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0,
+            EnumType enum_value1, typename MapMessage>
+  static void SetMapFields(MapMessage* message);
+
+  // Set every field in the TestArenaMap message to a unique value.
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0,
+            EnumType enum_value1, typename MapMessage>
+  static void SetArenaMapFields(MapMessage* message);
+
+  // Set every field in the message to a default value.
+  template <typename MapMessage>
+  static void SetMapFieldsInitialized(MapMessage* message);
+
+  // Modify all the map fields of the messsage (which should already have been
+  // initialized with SetMapFields()).
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value, typename MapMessage>
+  static void ModifyMapFields(MapMessage* message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFields() is called.
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0,
+            EnumType enum_value1, typename MapMessage>
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsSet(const MapMessage& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFields() is called for TestArenaMap.
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0,
+            EnumType enum_value1, typename MapMessage>
+  static void ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(const MapMessage& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields have the values that they should have after
+  // SetMapFieldsInitialized() is called.
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value, typename MapMessage>
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(const MapMessage& message);
+
+  // Expect that the message is modified as would be expected from
+  // ModifyMapFields().
+  template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0,
+            EnumType enum_value1, typename MapMessage>
+  static void ExpectMapFieldsModified(const MapMessage& message);
+
+  // Check that all fields are empty.
+  template <typename MapMessage>
+  static void ExpectClear(const MapMessage& message);
+
+  // // Check that all map fields have the given size.
+  // template <typename MapMessage>
+  // static void ExpectMapsSize(const MapMessage& message, int size);
+
+  // // Get pointers of map entries at given index.
+  // static std::vector<const Message*> GetMapEntries(
+  //     const MapMessage& message, int index);
+
+  // // Get pointers of map entries from release.
+  // static std::vector<const Message*> GetMapEntriesFromRelease(
+  //     MapMessage* message);
+};
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0,
+          EnumType enum_value1, typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::SetMapFields(MapMessage* message) {
+  // Add first element.
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[0] = 0.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[0] = 0.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[0] = false;
+  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["0"] = "0";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[0] = "0";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[0] = enum_value0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[0].set_c(0);
+
+  // Add second element
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[1] = 1.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 1.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[1] = true;
+  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["1"] = "1";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[1] = "1";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[1] = enum_value1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[1].set_c(1);
+}
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0,
+          EnumType enum_value1, typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::SetArenaMapFields(MapMessage* message) {
+  // Add first element.
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[0] = 0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[0] = 0.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[0] = 0.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[0] = false;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[0] = enum_value0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[0].set_c(0);
+
+  // Add second element
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[1] = 1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[1] = 1.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 1.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[1] = true;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[1] = enum_value1;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[1].set_c(1);
+}
+
+template <typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::SetMapFieldsInitialized(MapMessage* message) {
+  // Add first element using bracket operator, which should assign default
+  // value automatically.
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["0"];
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[0];
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[0];
+}
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value, typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::ModifyMapFields(MapMessage* message) {
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_int32())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int64_int64())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint32_uint32())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_uint64_uint64())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint32_sint32())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sint64_sint64())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed32_fixed32())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_fixed64_fixed64())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed32_sfixed32())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_sfixed64_sfixed64())[1] = 2;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_float())[1] = 2.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_double())[1] = 2.0;
+  (*message->mutable_map_bool_bool())[1] = false;
+  (*message->mutable_map_string_string())["1"] = "2";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_bytes())[1] = "2";
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_enum())[1] = enum_value;
+  (*message->mutable_map_int32_foreign_message())[1].set_c(2);
+}
+
+template <typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectClear(const MapMessage& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_bool_bool().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_string_string().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_enum().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0,
+          EnumType enum_value1, typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsSet(const MapMessage& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int64_int64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_float().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_double().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_bool_bool().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_string_string().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_enum().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_string_string().at("0"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_int32_bytes().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value0, message.map_int32_enum().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).c());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int64_int64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_float().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_double().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.map_bool_bool().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", message.map_string_string().at("1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", message.map_int32_bytes().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value1, message.map_int32_enum().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(1).c());
+}
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0,
+          EnumType enum_value1, typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectArenaMapFieldsSet(const MapMessage& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int64_int64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_float().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_double().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_bool_bool().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_enum().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value0, message.map_int32_enum().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).c());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int64_int64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_float().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_double().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.map_bool_bool().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value1, message.map_int32_enum().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(1).c());
+}
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value, typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsSetInitialized(
+    const MapMessage& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int64_int64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_float().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_double().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_bool_bool().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_string_string().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_enum().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.map_string_string().at("0"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", message.map_int32_bytes().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value, message.map_int32_enum().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).ByteSize());
+}
+
+template <typename EnumType, EnumType enum_value0,
+            EnumType enum_value1, typename MapMessage>
+void MapTestUtilImpl::ExpectMapFieldsModified(
+    const MapMessage& message) {
+  // ModifyMapFields only sets the second element of each field.  In addition to
+  // verifying this, we also verify that the first element and size were *not*
+  // modified.
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int64_int64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint32_uint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint64_uint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint32_sint32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint64_sint64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_float().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_double().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_bool_bool().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_string_string().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_bytes().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_enum().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_foreign_message().size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_int32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int64_int64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_float().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_double().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_string_string().at("0"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0", message.map_int32_bytes().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value0, message.map_int32_enum().at(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(0).c());
+
+  // Actually verify the second (modified) elements now.
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_int32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int64_int64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint32_uint32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_uint64_uint64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint32_sint32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sint64_sint64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed32_fixed32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_fixed64_fixed64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed32_sfixed32().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_sfixed64_sfixed64().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_float().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_double().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, message.map_bool_bool().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2", message.map_string_string().at("1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("2", message.map_int32_bytes().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(enum_value1, message.map_int32_enum().at(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, message.map_int32_foreign_message().at(1).c());
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MAP_TEST_UTIL_IMPL_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h b/src/google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h
index 88a6d7b8..ffdb6dfb 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TYPE_HANDLER_H__
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TYPE_HANDLER_H__
 
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
 
 namespace google {
@@ -92,6 +92,28 @@ class MapValueInitializer<false, Type> {
   static inline void Initialize(Type& value, int default_enum_value) {}
 };
 
+template <typename Type, bool is_arena_constructable>
+class MapArenaMessageCreator {
+ public:
+  // Use arena to create message if Type is arena constructable. Otherwise,
+  // create the message on heap.
+  static inline Type* CreateMessage(Arena* arena);
+};
+template <typename Type>
+class MapArenaMessageCreator<Type, true> {
+ public:
+  static inline Type* CreateMessage(Arena* arena) {
+    return Arena::CreateMessage<Type>(arena);
+  }
+};
+template <typename Type>
+class MapArenaMessageCreator<Type, false> {
+ public:
+  static inline Type* CreateMessage(Arena* arena) {
+    return new Type;
+  }
+};
+
 // Handlers for key/value stored type in MapField. ==================
 
 // Handler for message
@@ -107,11 +129,11 @@ class MapCppTypeHandler : public MapCommonTypeHandler<Type> {
   // Return bytes used by value in Map.
   static int SpaceUsedInMap(const Type& value) { return value.SpaceUsed(); }
   static inline void Clear(Type** value) {
-    if (*value != NULL) (*value)->Type::Clear();
+    if (*value != NULL) (*value)->Clear();
   }
   static inline void ClearMaybeByDefaultEnum(Type** value,
                                              int default_enum_value) {
-    if (*value != NULL) (*value)->Type::Clear();
+    if (*value != NULL) (*value)->Clear();
   }
   static inline void Merge(const Type& from, Type** to) {
     (*to)->MergeFrom(from);
@@ -124,20 +146,24 @@ class MapCppTypeHandler : public MapCommonTypeHandler<Type> {
     *value = const_cast<Type*>(&Type::default_instance());
   }
   // Initialize value when constructing MapEntry
-  static inline void Initialize(Type** x) { *x = NULL; }
+  static inline void Initialize(Type** x, Arena* arena) { *x = NULL; }
   // Same as above, but use default_enum_value to initialize enum type value.
   static inline void InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(
-      Type** x, int default_enum_value) {
+      Type** x, int default_enum_value, Arena* arena) {
     *x = NULL;
   }
   // Initialize value for the first time mutable accessor is called.
-  static inline void EnsureMutable(Type** value) {
-    if (*value == NULL) *value = new Type;
+  static inline void EnsureMutable(Type** value, Arena* arena) {
+    if (*value == NULL) {
+      *value =
+          MapArenaMessageCreator<Type, Arena::is_arena_constructable<Type>::
+                                           type::value>::CreateMessage(arena);
+    }
   }
   // Return default instance if value is not initialized when calling const
   // reference accessor.
-  static inline const Type& DefaultIfNotInitialized(Type* value,
-                                                    Type* default_value) {
+  static inline const Type& DefaultIfNotInitialized(const Type* value,
+                                                    const Type* default_value) {
     return value != NULL ? *value : *default_value;
   }
   // Check if all required fields have values set.
@@ -166,18 +192,23 @@ class MapCppTypeHandler<string> : public MapCommonTypeHandler<string> {
     if (ptr != &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString()) delete ptr;
   }
   static inline void AssignDefaultValue(string** value) {}
-  static inline void Initialize(string** value) {
+  static inline void Initialize(string** value, Arena* arena) {
     *value = const_cast< ::std::string*>(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString());
+    if (arena != NULL) arena->Own(*value);
   }
   static inline void InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(
-      string** value, int default_enum_value) {
+      string** value, int default_enum_value, Arena* arena) {
     *value = const_cast< ::std::string*>(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString());
+    if (arena != NULL) arena->Own(*value);
   }
-  static inline void EnsureMutable(string** value) {
-    if (*value == &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString()) *value = new string;
+  static inline void EnsureMutable(string** value, Arena* arena) {
+    if (*value == &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString()) {
+      *value = Arena::Create<string>(arena);
+    }
   }
-  static inline const string& DefaultIfNotInitialized(string* value,
-                                                      string* default_value) {
+  static inline const string& DefaultIfNotInitialized(
+      const string* value,
+      const string* default_value) {
     return value != default_value ? *value : *default_value;
   }
   static inline bool IsInitialized(string* value) { return true; }
@@ -210,12 +241,13 @@ class MapPrimitiveTypeHandler : public MapCommonTypeHandler<Type> {
                                                int default_enum_value) {      \
       *value = static_cast<CType>(default_enum_value);                        \
     }                                                                         \
-    static inline void Initialize(CType* value) { *value = 0; }               \
+    static inline void Initialize(CType* value, Arena* arena) { *value = 0; } \
     static inline void InitializeMaybeByDefaultEnum(CType* value,             \
-                                                    int default_enum_value) { \
+                                                    int default_enum_value,   \
+                                                    Arena* arena) {           \
       *value = static_cast<CType>(default_enum_value);                        \
     }                                                                         \
-    static inline void EnsureMutable(CType* value) {}                         \
+    static inline void EnsureMutable(CType* value, Arena* arena) {}           \
   };
 
 PRIMITIVE_HANDLER(int32 )
@@ -228,13 +260,13 @@ PRIMITIVE_HANDLER(bool  )
 
 #undef PRIMITIVE_HANDLER
 
-// Define constants for given proto field type
-template <FieldDescriptor::Type Type>
-class MapFieldTypeTraits {};
+// Define constants for given wire field type
+template <WireFormatLite::FieldType field_type>
+class MapWireFieldTypeTraits {};
 
 #define TYPE_TRAITS(FieldType, CType, WireFormatType, IsMessage, IsEnum) \
   template <>                                                            \
-  class MapFieldTypeTraits<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType> {          \
+  class MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType> {       \
    public:                                                               \
     typedef CType CppType;                                               \
     static const bool kIsMessage = IsMessage;                            \
@@ -243,7 +275,7 @@ class MapFieldTypeTraits {};
         WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_##WireFormatType;                       \
   };
 
-TYPE_TRAITS(MESSAGE , Message,  LENGTH_DELIMITED, true, false)
+TYPE_TRAITS(MESSAGE , MessageLite, LENGTH_DELIMITED, true, false)
 TYPE_TRAITS(STRING  , string ,  LENGTH_DELIMITED, false, false)
 TYPE_TRAITS(BYTES   , string ,  LENGTH_DELIMITED, false, false)
 TYPE_TRAITS(INT64   , int64  ,  VARINT , false, false)
@@ -263,51 +295,46 @@ TYPE_TRAITS(BOOL    , bool   ,  VARINT , false, false)
 
 #undef TYPE_TRAITS
 
-// Handler for proto field type. Define types and constants used in compile
-// time. Also define functions used in parsing and serializing.
-template <FieldDescriptor::Type Type>
-class MapProtoTypeHandler {
+template <WireFormatLite::FieldType field_type>
+class MapWireFieldTypeHandler {
  public:
-  // Internal stored type in MapEntry for given proto field type.
-  typedef typename MapFieldTypeTraits<Type>::CppType CppType;
-
-  // Whether given type is a message.
-  static const bool kIsMessage = MapFieldTypeTraits<Type>::kIsMessage;
-
-  // Whether given type is an enum.
-  static const bool kIsEnum = MapFieldTypeTraits<Type>::kIsEnum;
-
-  // The wire type of given proto field type.
+  // Internal stored type in MapEntryLite for given wire field type.
+  typedef typename MapWireFieldTypeTraits<field_type>::CppType CppType;
+  // Corresponding wire type for field type.
   static const WireFormatLite::WireType kWireType =
-      MapFieldTypeTraits<Type>::kWireType;
+      MapWireFieldTypeTraits<field_type>::kWireType;
+  // Whether wire type is for message.
+  static const bool kIsMessage = MapWireFieldTypeTraits<field_type>::kIsMessage;
+  // Whether wire type is for enum.
+  static const bool kIsEnum = MapWireFieldTypeTraits<field_type>::kIsEnum;
 
   // Functions used in parsing and serialization. ===================
-
   template <typename ValueType>
   static inline int ByteSize(const ValueType& value);
   template <typename ValueType>
   static inline int GetCachedSize(const ValueType& value);
+  template <typename ValueType>
+  static inline bool Read(io::CodedInputStream* input, ValueType* value);
   static inline void Write(int field, const CppType& value,
                            io::CodedOutputStream* output);
   static inline uint8* WriteToArray(int field, const CppType& value,
                                     uint8* output);
-  template <typename ValueType>
-  static inline bool Read(io::CodedInputStream* input, ValueType* value);
 };
 
 template <>
 template <typename ValueType>
-inline int MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE>::ByteSize(
+inline int MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE>::ByteSize(
     const ValueType& value) {
   return WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(value);
 }
 
-#define BYTE_SIZE(FieldType, DeclaredType)                                     \
-  template <>                                                                  \
-  template <typename ValueType>                                                \
-  inline int MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType>::ByteSize( \
-      const ValueType& value) {                                                \
-    return WireFormatLite::DeclaredType##Size(value);                          \
+#define BYTE_SIZE(FieldType, DeclaredType)                             \
+  template <>                                                          \
+  template <typename ValueType>                                        \
+  inline int                                                           \
+  MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType>::ByteSize( \
+      const ValueType& value) {                                        \
+    return WireFormatLite::DeclaredType##Size(value);                  \
   }
 
 BYTE_SIZE(STRING, String)
@@ -322,12 +349,13 @@ BYTE_SIZE(ENUM  , Enum)
 
 #undef BYTE_SIZE
 
-#define FIXED_BYTE_SIZE(FieldType, DeclaredType)                               \
-  template <>                                                                  \
-  template <typename ValueType>                                                \
-  inline int MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType>::ByteSize( \
-      const ValueType& value) {                                                \
-    return WireFormatLite::k##DeclaredType##Size;                              \
+#define FIXED_BYTE_SIZE(FieldType, DeclaredType)                       \
+  template <>                                                          \
+  template <typename ValueType>                                        \
+  inline int                                                           \
+  MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType>::ByteSize( \
+      const ValueType& value) {                                        \
+    return WireFormatLite::k##DeclaredType##Size;                      \
   }
 
 FIXED_BYTE_SIZE(DOUBLE  , Double)
@@ -342,18 +370,18 @@ FIXED_BYTE_SIZE(BOOL    , Bool)
 
 template <>
 template <typename ValueType>
-inline int MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE>::GetCachedSize(
-    const ValueType& value) {
+inline int MapWireFieldTypeHandler<
+    WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE>::GetCachedSize(const ValueType& value) {
   return WireFormatLite::LengthDelimitedSize(value.GetCachedSize());
 }
 
-#define GET_CACHED_SIZE(FieldType, DeclaredType)                         \
-  template <>                                                            \
-  template <typename ValueType>                                          \
-  inline int                                                             \
-  MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType>::GetCachedSize( \
-      const ValueType& value) {                                          \
-    return WireFormatLite::DeclaredType##Size(value);                    \
+#define GET_CACHED_SIZE(FieldType, DeclaredType)                            \
+  template <>                                                               \
+  template <typename ValueType>                                             \
+  inline int                                                                \
+  MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType>::GetCachedSize( \
+      const ValueType& value) {                                             \
+    return WireFormatLite::DeclaredType##Size(value);                       \
   }
 
 GET_CACHED_SIZE(STRING, String)
@@ -368,13 +396,13 @@ GET_CACHED_SIZE(ENUM  , Enum)
 
 #undef GET_CACHED_SIZE
 
-#define GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE(FieldType, DeclaredType)                   \
-  template <>                                                            \
-  template <typename ValueType>                                          \
-  inline int                                                             \
-  MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType>::GetCachedSize( \
-      const ValueType& value) {                                          \
-    return WireFormatLite::k##DeclaredType##Size;                        \
+#define GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE(FieldType, DeclaredType)                      \
+  template <>                                                               \
+  template <typename ValueType>                                             \
+  inline int                                                                \
+  MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType>::GetCachedSize( \
+      const ValueType& value) {                                             \
+    return WireFormatLite::k##DeclaredType##Size;                           \
   }
 
 GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE(DOUBLE  , Double)
@@ -388,26 +416,28 @@ GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE(BOOL    , Bool)
 #undef GET_FIXED_CACHED_SIZE
 
 template <>
-inline void MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE>::Write(
-    int field, const Message& value, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
+inline void MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE>::Write(
+    int field, const MessageLite& value, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
   WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(field, value, output);
 }
 
 template <>
-inline uint8* MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE>::WriteToArray(
-    int field, const Message& value, uint8* output) {
+inline uint8*
+MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE>::WriteToArray(
+    int field, const MessageLite& value, uint8* output) {
   return WireFormatLite::WriteMessageToArray(field, value, output);
 }
 
 #define WRITE_METHOD(FieldType, DeclaredType)                                  \
   template <>                                                                  \
-  inline void MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType>::Write(   \
+  inline void                                                                  \
+  MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType>::Write(            \
       int field, const CppType& value, io::CodedOutputStream* output) {        \
     return WireFormatLite::Write##DeclaredType(field, value, output);          \
   }                                                                            \
   template <>                                                                  \
   inline uint8*                                                                \
-  MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType>::WriteToArray(        \
+  MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType>::WriteToArray(     \
       int field, const CppType& value, uint8* output) {                        \
     return WireFormatLite::Write##DeclaredType##ToArray(field, value, output); \
   }
@@ -433,33 +463,33 @@ WRITE_METHOD(BOOL    , Bool)
 
 template <>
 template <typename ValueType>
-inline bool MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE>::Read(
+inline bool MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE>::Read(
     io::CodedInputStream* input, ValueType* value) {
   return WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(input, value);
 }
 
 template <>
 template <typename ValueType>
-inline bool MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING>::Read(
+inline bool MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING>::Read(
     io::CodedInputStream* input, ValueType* value) {
   return WireFormatLite::ReadString(input, value);
 }
 
 template <>
 template <typename ValueType>
-inline bool MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES>::Read(
+inline bool MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_BYTES>::Read(
     io::CodedInputStream* input, ValueType* value) {
   return WireFormatLite::ReadBytes(input, value);
 }
 
-#define READ_METHOD(FieldType)                                              \
-  template <>                                                               \
-  template <typename ValueType>                                             \
-  inline bool MapProtoTypeHandler<FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##FieldType>::Read( \
-      io::CodedInputStream* input, ValueType* value) {                      \
-    return WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<CppType,                           \
-                                         WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType>( \
-        input, value);                                                      \
+#define READ_METHOD(FieldType)                                                 \
+  template <>                                                                  \
+  template <typename ValueType>                                                \
+  inline bool MapWireFieldTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType>::Read( \
+      io::CodedInputStream* input, ValueType* value) {                         \
+    return WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<CppType,                              \
+                                         WireFormatLite::TYPE_##FieldType>(    \
+        input, value);                                                         \
   }
 
 READ_METHOD(INT64)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto b/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto
index 9232d58f..b308c7ff 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest.proto
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 syntax = "proto3";
 
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
 
 import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
 
@@ -59,6 +60,10 @@ message TestMap {
   map<int32   , ForeignMessage> map_int32_foreign_message = 17;
 }
 
+message TestMapSubmessage {
+  TestMap test_map = 1;
+}
+
 message TestMessageMap {
   map<int32, TestAllTypes> map_int32_message = 1;
 }
@@ -80,3 +85,35 @@ enum MapEnum {
 message TestRequiredMessageMap {
   map<int32, TestRequired> map_field = 1;
 }
+
+message TestArenaMap {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<int32   , MapEnum > map_int32_enum        = 14;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessage> map_int32_foreign_message = 15;
+}
+
+// Previously, message containing enum called Type cannot be used as value of
+// map field.
+message MessageContainingEnumCalledType {
+  enum Type {
+    TYPE_FOO = 0;
+  }
+  map<int32, MessageContainingEnumCalledType> type = 1;
+}
+
+// Previously, message cannot contain map field called "entry".
+message MessageContainingMapCalledEntry {
+  map<int32, int32> entry = 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest_proto3.proto b/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16be2773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_unittest_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file is mostly equivalent to map_unittest.proto, but imports
+// unittest_proto3.proto instead of unittest.proto, so that it only
+// uses proto3 messages. This makes it suitable for testing
+// implementations which only support proto3.
+// The TestRequiredMessageMap message has been removed as there are no
+// required fields in proto3.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In map_test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// Tests maps.
+message TestMap {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<string  , string  > map_string_string     = 14;
+  map<int32   , bytes   > map_int32_bytes       = 15;
+  map<int32   , MapEnum > map_int32_enum        = 16;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessage> map_int32_foreign_message = 17;
+}
+
+message TestMapSubmessage {
+  TestMap test_map = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessageMap {
+  map<int32, TestAllTypes> map_int32_message = 1;
+}
+
+// Two map fields share the same entry default instance.
+message TestSameTypeMap {
+  map<int32, int32> map1 = 1;
+  map<int32, int32> map2 = 2;
+}
+
+enum MapEnum {
+  MAP_ENUM_FOO = 0;
+  MAP_ENUM_BAR = 1;
+  MAP_ENUM_BAZ = 2;
+}
+
+message TestArenaMap {
+  map<int32   , int32   > map_int32_int32       = 1;
+  map<int64   , int64   > map_int64_int64       = 2;
+  map<uint32  , uint32  > map_uint32_uint32     = 3;
+  map<uint64  , uint64  > map_uint64_uint64     = 4;
+  map<sint32  , sint32  > map_sint32_sint32     = 5;
+  map<sint64  , sint64  > map_sint64_sint64     = 6;
+  map<fixed32 , fixed32 > map_fixed32_fixed32   = 7;
+  map<fixed64 , fixed64 > map_fixed64_fixed64   = 8;
+  map<sfixed32, sfixed32> map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = 9;
+  map<sfixed64, sfixed64> map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = 10;
+  map<int32   , float   > map_int32_float       = 11;
+  map<int32   , double  > map_int32_double      = 12;
+  map<bool    , bool    > map_bool_bool         = 13;
+  map<int32   , MapEnum > map_int32_enum        = 14;
+  map<int32   , ForeignMessage> map_int32_foreign_message = 15;
+}
+
+// Previously, message containing enum called Type cannot be used as value of
+// map field.
+message MessageContainingEnumCalledType {
+  enum Type {
+    TYPE_FOO = 0;
+  }
+  map<int32, MessageContainingEnumCalledType> type = 1;
+}
+
+// Previously, message cannot contain map field called "entry".
+message MessageContainingMapCalledEntry {
+  map<int32, int32> entry = 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/message.cc b/src/google/protobuf/message.cc
index afe95461..276d7de5 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/message.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/message.cc
@@ -441,10 +441,45 @@ const internal::RepeatedFieldAccessor* Reflection::RepeatedFieldAccessor(
 }
 
 namespace internal {
-// Macro defined in repeated_field.h. We can only define the Message-specific
-// GenericTypeHandler specializations here because we depend on Message, which
-// is not part of proto2-lite hence is not available in repeated_field.h.
-DEFINE_SPECIALIZATIONS_FOR_BASE_PROTO_TYPES_NOINLINE(Message);
+namespace {
+void ShutdownRepeatedFieldAccessor() {
+  internal::Singleton<internal::RepeatedFieldPrimitiveAccessor<int32> >::ShutDown();
+  internal::Singleton<internal::RepeatedFieldPrimitiveAccessor<uint32> >::ShutDown();
+  internal::Singleton<internal::RepeatedFieldPrimitiveAccessor<int64> >::ShutDown();
+  internal::Singleton<internal::RepeatedFieldPrimitiveAccessor<uint64> >::ShutDown();
+  internal::Singleton<internal::RepeatedFieldPrimitiveAccessor<float> >::ShutDown();
+  internal::Singleton<internal::RepeatedFieldPrimitiveAccessor<double> >::ShutDown();
+  internal::Singleton<internal::RepeatedFieldPrimitiveAccessor<bool> >::ShutDown();
+  internal::Singleton<internal::RepeatedPtrFieldStringAccessor>::ShutDown();
+  internal::Singleton<internal::RepeatedPtrFieldMessageAccessor>::ShutDown();
+  internal::Singleton<internal::MapFieldAccessor>::ShutDown();
+}
+
+struct ShutdownRepeatedFieldRegister {
+  ShutdownRepeatedFieldRegister() {
+    OnShutdown(&ShutdownRepeatedFieldAccessor);
+  }
+} shutdown_;
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace internal
+
+namespace internal {
+template<>
+Message* GenericTypeHandler<Message>::NewFromPrototype(
+    const Message* prototype, google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
+  return prototype->New(arena);
+}
+template<>
+google::protobuf::Arena* GenericTypeHandler<Message>::GetArena(
+    Message* value) {
+  return value->GetArena();
+}
+template<>
+void* GenericTypeHandler<Message>::GetMaybeArenaPointer(
+    Message* value) {
+  return value->GetMaybeArenaPointer();
+}
 }  // namespace internal
 
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/message.h b/src/google/protobuf/message.h
index a200bc92..18c092d0 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/message.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/message.h
@@ -98,11 +98,11 @@
 //
 //     // Use the reflection interface to examine the contents.
 //     const Reflection* reflection = foo->GetReflection();
-//     assert(reflection->GetString(foo, text_field) == "Hello World!");
-//     assert(reflection->FieldSize(foo, numbers_field) == 3);
-//     assert(reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(foo, numbers_field, 0) == 1);
-//     assert(reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(foo, numbers_field, 1) == 5);
-//     assert(reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(foo, numbers_field, 2) == 42);
+//     assert(reflection->GetString(*foo, text_field) == "Hello World!");
+//     assert(reflection->FieldSize(*foo, numbers_field) == 3);
+//     assert(reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(*foo, numbers_field, 0) == 1);
+//     assert(reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(*foo, numbers_field, 1) == 5);
+//     assert(reflection->GetRepeatedInt32(*foo, numbers_field, 2) == 42);
 //
 //     delete foo;
 //   }
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Message : public MessageLite {
   // This is much, much slower than IsInitialized() as it is implemented
   // purely via reflection.  Generally, you should not call this unless you
   // have already determined that an error exists by calling IsInitialized().
-  void FindInitializationErrors(vector<string>* errors) const;
+  void FindInitializationErrors(std::vector<string>* errors) const;
 
   // Like FindInitializationErrors, but joins all the strings, delimited by
   // commas, and returns them.
@@ -229,6 +229,11 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Message : public MessageLite {
   // Computes (an estimate of) the total number of bytes currently used for
   // storing the message in memory.  The default implementation calls the
   // Reflection object's SpaceUsed() method.
+  //
+  // SpaceUsed() is noticeably slower than ByteSize(), as it is implemented
+  // using reflection (rather than the generated code implementation for
+  // ByteSize()). Like ByteSize(), its CPU time is linear in the number of
+  // fields defined for the proto.
   virtual int SpaceUsed() const;
 
   // Debugging & Testing----------------------------------------------
@@ -456,7 +461,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Reflection {
   // Swap fields listed in fields vector of two messages.
   virtual void SwapFields(Message* message1,
                           Message* message2,
-                          const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields)
+                          const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields)
       const = 0;
 
   // Swap two elements of a repeated field.
@@ -470,8 +475,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Reflection {
   // return true and repeated fields will only be listed if FieldSize(field)
   // would return non-zero.  Fields (both normal fields and extension fields)
   // will be listed ordered by field number.
-  virtual void ListFields(const Message& message,
-                          vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const = 0;
+  virtual void ListFields(
+      const Message& message,
+      std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const = 0;
 
   // Singular field getters ------------------------------------------
   // These get the value of a non-repeated field.  They return the default
@@ -523,7 +529,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Reflection {
   //   regardless of the field's underlying representation.  When initializing
   //   a newly-constructed string, though, it's just as fast and more readable
   //   to use code like:
-  //     string str = reflection->GetString(field);
+  //     string str = reflection->GetString(message, field);
   virtual const string& GetStringReference(const Message& message,
                                            const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                            string* scratch) const = 0;
@@ -842,6 +848,19 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Reflection {
   // }
   virtual bool SupportsUnknownEnumValues() const { return false; }
 
+  // Returns the MessageFactory associated with this message.  This can be
+  // useful for determining if a message is a generated message or not, for
+  // example:
+  //
+  // if (message->GetReflection()->GetMessageFactory() ==
+  //     google::protobuf::MessageFactory::generated_factory()) {
+  //   // This is a generated message.
+  // }
+  //
+  // It can also be used to create more messages of this type, though
+  // Message::New() is an easier way to accomplish this.
+  virtual MessageFactory* GetMessageFactory() const;
+
   // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  protected:
@@ -854,8 +873,6 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Reflection {
       Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field, FieldDescriptor::CppType,
       int ctype, const Descriptor* message_type) const = 0;
 
-  virtual MessageFactory* GetMessageFactory() const;
-
   // The following methods are used to implement (Mutable)RepeatedFieldRef.
   // A Ref object will store a raw pointer to the repeated field data (obtained
   // from RepeatedFieldData()) and a pointer to a Accessor (obtained from
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc
index 63be0e9b..4f63ad2b 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ bool MessageLite::SerializePartialToArray(void* data, int size) const {
 
 string MessageLite::SerializeAsString() const {
   // If the compiler implements the (Named) Return Value Optimization,
-  // the local variable 'result' will not actually reside on the stack
+  // the local variable 'output' will not actually reside on the stack
   // of this function, but will be overlaid with the object that the
   // caller supplied for the return value to be constructed in.
   string output;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.h
index 106982cc..4c16f4c0 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.h
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 
+
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
   class Arena;
@@ -133,9 +134,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageLite {
   // just simple wrappers around MergeFromCodedStream().  Clear() will be called
   // before merging the input.
 
-  // Fill the message with a protocol buffer parsed from the given input
-  // stream.  Returns false on a read error or if the input is in the
-  // wrong format.
+  // Fill the message with a protocol buffer parsed from the given input stream.
+  // Returns false on a read error or if the input is in the wrong format.  A
+  // successful return does not indicate the entire input is consumed, ensure
+  // you call ConsumedEntireMessage() to check that if applicable.
   bool ParseFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
   // Like ParseFromCodedStream(), but accepts messages that are missing
   // required fields.
@@ -154,7 +156,11 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageLite {
   // missing required fields.
   bool ParsePartialFromBoundedZeroCopyStream(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input,
                                              int size);
-  // Parse a protocol buffer contained in a string.
+  // Parses a protocol buffer contained in a string. Returns true on success.
+  // This function takes a string in the (non-human-readable) binary wire
+  // format, matching the encoding output by MessageLite::SerializeToString().
+  // If you'd like to convert a human-readable string into a protocol buffer
+  // object, see google::protobuf::TextFormat::ParseFromString().
   bool ParseFromString(const string& data);
   // Like ParseFromString(), but accepts messages that are missing
   // required fields.
@@ -232,6 +238,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageLite {
   // Computes the serialized size of the message.  This recursively calls
   // ByteSize() on all embedded messages.  If a subclass does not override
   // this, it MUST override SetCachedSize().
+  //
+  // ByteSize() is generally linear in the number of fields defined for the
+  // proto.
   virtual int ByteSize() const = 0;
 
   // Serializes the message without recomputing the size.  The message must
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc
index ebfb4321..75d60b8b 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc
@@ -45,12 +45,13 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <fstream>
 
-#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
@@ -205,6 +206,28 @@ TEST(MessageTest, InitializationErrorString) {
   EXPECT_EQ("a, b, c", message.InitializationErrorString());
 }
 
+TEST(MessageTest, DynamicCastToGenerated) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes test_all_types;
+
+  google::protobuf::Message* test_all_types_pointer = &test_all_types;
+  EXPECT_EQ(&test_all_types,
+            google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<unittest::TestAllTypes>(
+                test_all_types_pointer));
+  EXPECT_EQ(NULL,
+            google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<unittest::TestRequired>(
+                test_all_types_pointer));
+
+  const google::protobuf::Message* test_all_types_pointer_const = &test_all_types;
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      &test_all_types,
+      google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const unittest::TestAllTypes>(
+          test_all_types_pointer_const));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      NULL,
+      google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const unittest::TestRequired>(
+          test_all_types_pointer_const));
+}
+
 #ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST  // death tests do not work on Windows yet.
 
 TEST(MessageTest, SerializeFailsIfNotInitialized) {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/new_delete_capture.cc b/src/google/protobuf/new_delete_capture.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index baf42ffe..00000000
--- a/src/google/protobuf/new_delete_capture.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
-// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
-// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-// This file exists for testing allocation behavior when using arenas by hooking
-// new/delete. It is a copy of //experimental/mvels/util/new_delete_capture.cc.
-
-#include <google/protobuf/new_delete_capture.h>
-
-#include <pthread.h>
-
-#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/stubs/malloc_hook.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/stubs/spinlock.h>
-
-namespace google {
-namespace {
-
-pthread_t gthread;
-protobuf_unittest::NewDeleteCapture *ghooked_instance = NULL;
-SpinLock gspinlock(base::LINKER_INITIALIZED);
-
-}  // namespace
-
-namespace protobuf_unittest {
-
-NewDeleteCapture::NewDeleteCapture()
-    : alloc_count_(0),
-      alloc_size_(0),
-      alloc_ptr_(NULL),
-      free_count_(0),
-      free_ptr_(NULL) {}
-
-NewDeleteCapture::~NewDeleteCapture() { Unhook(); }
-
-void NewDeleteCapture::Reset() {
-  alloc_count_ = 0;
-  alloc_size_ = 0;
-  free_count_ = 0;
-  alloc_ptr_ = NULL;
-  free_ptr_ = NULL;
-}
-
-bool NewDeleteCapture::Hook(bool reset) {
-  SpinLockHolder spinlock(&gspinlock);
-  if (ghooked_instance != this) {
-    GOOGLE_CHECK(ghooked_instance == NULL)
-        << " NewDeleteCapture can have only 1 active instance";
-    GOOGLE_CHECK(MallocHook::AddNewHook(NewHook));
-    GOOGLE_CHECK(MallocHook::AddDeleteHook(DeleteHook));
-    gthread = pthread_self();
-    ghooked_instance = this;
-    if (reset) {
-      Reset();
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool NewDeleteCapture::Unhook() {
-  SpinLockHolder spinlock(&gspinlock);
-  if (ghooked_instance == this) {
-    gthread = pthread_t();
-    ghooked_instance = NULL;
-    GOOGLE_CHECK(MallocHook::RemoveDeleteHook(DeleteHook));
-    GOOGLE_CHECK(MallocHook::RemoveNewHook(NewHook));
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-void NewDeleteCapture::NewHook(const void *ptr, size_t size) {
-  SpinLockHolder spinlock(&gspinlock);
-  if (gthread == pthread_self()) {
-    auto &rthis = *ghooked_instance;
-    if (++rthis.alloc_count_ == 1) {
-      rthis.alloc_size_ = size;
-      rthis.alloc_ptr_ = ptr;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void NewDeleteCapture::DeleteHook(const void *ptr) {
-  SpinLockHolder spinlock(&gspinlock);
-  if (gthread == pthread_self()) {
-    auto &rthis = *ghooked_instance;
-    if (++rthis.free_count_ == 1) {
-      rthis.free_ptr_ = ptr;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace protobuf_unittest
-}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/new_delete_capture.h b/src/google/protobuf/new_delete_capture.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ab550cd..00000000
--- a/src/google/protobuf/new_delete_capture.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
-// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
-// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
-//
-// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-// met:
-//
-//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-// distribution.
-//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-// this software without specific prior written permission.
-//
-// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-// This file exists for testing allocation behavior when using arenas by hooking
-// new/delete. It is a copy of //experimental/mvels/util/new_delete_capture.h.
-//
-// Copyright 2014 Google Inc.
-//
-// Author: Martijn Vels
-//
-// A simple class that captures memory allocations and deletes.
-//
-// This class is private to //strings and only intended to be used inside
-// unit tests. It uses the MallocHook functionality to capture memory
-// allocation and delete operations performed by the thread that activated
-// a hook on a specific instance.
-//
-// The class  captures the following information:
-// - Total allocation count (new, malloc(), etc).
-// - Total delete count (delete, free(), etc).
-// - The size and returned pointer for the first memory allocation.
-// - The pointer for the first delete operation.
-//
-// The latter 2 infos (size and pointer of first new/delete) are usefull in
-// cases where you can closely scope a Hook() / Unhook sequence around a
-// specific piece of code where you expect no more than 1 pair of new / delete
-// operations.
-//
-// Sample usage where we expect a single unique alloc / free:
-//
-//   NewDeleteCapture capture_alloc;
-//   const void *ptr;
-//   {
-//     capture_alloc.Hook();
-//     MyAllocationClass my_instance(size);
-//     capture_alloc.Unhook();
-//
-//     ptr = my_instance.ptr();
-//     GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(1, capture_alloc.alloc_count());
-//     GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(0, capture_alloc.free_count());
-//     GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(size, capture_alloc.alloc_size());
-//     GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(ptr, capture_alloc.alloc_ptr());
-//
-//     capture_alloc.Hook();
-//   }
-//   capture_alloc.Unhook();
-//   GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(1, capture_alloc.alloc_count());
-//   GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(1, capture_alloc.free_count());
-//   GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(ptr, capture_alloc.free_ptr());
-//
-// You can only have one NewDeleteCapture instance active at the time. It is
-// total valid to have many instances in different threads, but only one
-// instance can have a hook active.
-//
-// Legal:
-//
-//   NewDeleteCapture capture_alloc1;
-//   NewDeleteCapture capture_alloc2;
-//   const void *ptr;
-//   {
-//     capture_alloc1.Hook();
-//     MyAllocationClass my_instance(size);
-//     capture_alloc1.Unhook();
-//
-//     capture_alloc2.Hook();
-//     my_instance.reset(size);
-//     capture_alloc2.Unhook();
-//   }
-//
-// Illegal:
-//
-//   NewDeleteCapture capture_alloc1;
-//   NewDeleteCapture capture_alloc2;
-//   const void *ptr;
-//   {
-//     capture_alloc1.Hook();
-//     MyAllocationClass my_instance(size);
-//
-//     capture_alloc2.Hook();
-//     my_instance.reset(size);
-//
-//     capture_alloc1.Unhook();
-//     capture_alloc2.Unhook();
-//   }
-//
-#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NEW_DELETE_CAPTURE_H__
-#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NEW_DELETE_CAPTURE_H__
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-
-namespace google {
-namespace protobuf_unittest {
-
-class NewDeleteCapture {
- public:
-  // Creates a new inactive capture instance
-  NewDeleteCapture();
-
-  // Destroys this capture instance. Active hooks are automatically removed.
-  ~NewDeleteCapture();
-
-  // Activates a hook on this instance. If reset is true (the default), all
-  // internal counters will be reset to 0.
-  // Returns true if the hook was activated, false if this instance already
-  // owned the hook.
-  // Requires no other instance owning the hook (check fails)
-  bool Hook(bool reset = true);
-
-  // De-activate the hook on this instance.
-  // Returns true if the hook was removed, false if this instance did not own
-  // the hook.
-  bool Unhook();
-
-  // Resets all counters to 0
-  void Reset();
-
-  // Returns the total number of allocations (new, malloc(), etc)
-  size_t alloc_count() const { return alloc_count_; }
-
-  // Returns the total number of deletes (delete, free(), etc)
-  size_t free_count() const { return free_count_; }
-
-  // Returns the size of the first observed allocation
-  size_t alloc_size() const { return alloc_size_; }
-
-  // Returns the allocated ptr of the first observed allocation
-  const void *alloc_ptr() const { return alloc_ptr_; }
-
-  // Returns the ptr of the first observed delete
-  const void* free_ptr() const { return free_ptr_; }
-
- private:
-  static void NewHook(const void *ptr, size_t size);
-  static void DeleteHook(const void *ptr);
-
- private:
-  size_t alloc_count_;
-  size_t alloc_size_;
-  const void *alloc_ptr_;
-
-  size_t free_count_;
-  const void *free_ptr_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace protobuf_unittest
-
-}  // namespace google
-#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NEW_DELETE_CAPTURE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/preserve_unknown_enum_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/preserve_unknown_enum_test.cc
index 816e52ca..1673e8af 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/preserve_unknown_enum_test.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/preserve_unknown_enum_test.cc
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -39,46 +40,55 @@ namespace protobuf {
 namespace {
 
 void FillMessage(
-    proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra* message) {
+    proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra* message) {
   message->set_e(
-      proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
+      proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
   message->add_repeated_e(
-      proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
+      proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
   message->add_repeated_packed_e(
-      proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
+      proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
+  message->add_repeated_packed_unexpected_e(
+      proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
   message->set_oneof_e_1(
-      proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
+      proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA);
 }
 
 void CheckMessage(
-    const proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra& message) {
-  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
+    const proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra& message) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
             message.e());
   EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_e_size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
             message.repeated_e(0));
   EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_packed_e_size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
             message.repeated_packed_e(0));
-  EXPECT_EQ(proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_packed_unexpected_e_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
+            message.repeated_packed_unexpected_e(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA,
             message.oneof_e_1());
 }
 
 void CheckMessage(
-    const proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage& message) {
+    const proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage& message) {
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(
-              proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
+              proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
             static_cast<int>(message.e()));
   EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_e_size());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(
-              proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
+              proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
             static_cast<int>(message.repeated_e(0)));
   EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_packed_e_size());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(
-              proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
+              proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
             static_cast<int>(message.repeated_packed_e(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_packed_unexpected_e_size());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(
-              proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
+              proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
+            static_cast<int>(message.repeated_packed_unexpected_e(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(
+              proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA),
             static_cast<int>(message.oneof_e_1()));
 }
 
@@ -87,12 +97,12 @@ void CheckMessage(
 // Test that parsing preserves an unknown value in the enum field and does not
 // punt it to the UnknownFieldSet.
 TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, PreserveParseAndSerialize) {
-  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
   FillMessage(&orig_message);
   string serialized;
   orig_message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
 
-  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message;
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message;
   EXPECT_EQ(true, message.ParseFromString(serialized));
   CheckMessage(message);
 
@@ -105,13 +115,13 @@ TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, PreserveParseAndSerialize) {
 // Test that reflection based implementation also keeps unknown enum values and
 // doesn't put them into UnknownFieldSet.
 TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, PreserveParseAndSerializeDynamicMessage) {
-  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
   FillMessage(&orig_message);
   string serialized = orig_message.SerializeAsString();
 
   google::protobuf::DynamicMessageFactory factory;
   google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<google::protobuf::Message> message(factory.GetPrototype(
-      proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage::descriptor())->New());
+      proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage::descriptor())->New());
   EXPECT_EQ(true, message->ParseFromString(serialized));
   message->DiscardUnknownFields();
 
@@ -120,14 +130,61 @@ TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, PreserveParseAndSerializeDynamicMessage) {
   CheckMessage(orig_message);
 }
 
+// Test that for proto2 messages, unknown values are in unknown fields.
+TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, Proto2HidesUnknownValues) {
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
+  FillMessage(&orig_message);
+
+  string serialized;
+  orig_message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+
+  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  // The intermediate message has everything in its "unknown fields".
+  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message2 = message;
+  message2.DiscardUnknownFields();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message2.ByteSize());
+
+  // But when we pass it to the correct structure, all values are there.
+  serialized.clear();
+  message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, orig_message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  CheckMessage(orig_message);
+}
+
+// Same as before, for a dynamic message.
+TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, DynamicProto2HidesUnknownValues) {
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
+  FillMessage(&orig_message);
+
+  string serialized;
+  orig_message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
+
+  google::protobuf::DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<google::protobuf::Message> message(factory.GetPrototype(
+      proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage::descriptor())->New());
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, message->ParseFromString(serialized));
+  // The intermediate message has everything in its "unknown fields".
+  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message2;
+  message2.CopyFrom(*message);
+  message2.DiscardUnknownFields();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message2.ByteSize());
+
+  // But when we pass it to the correct structure, all values are there.
+  serialized.clear();
+  message->SerializeToString(&serialized);
+  EXPECT_EQ(true, orig_message.ParseFromString(serialized));
+  CheckMessage(orig_message);
+}
+
 // Test that reflection provides EnumValueDescriptors for unknown values.
 TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, DynamicEnumValueDescriptors) {
-  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessagePlusExtra orig_message;
   FillMessage(&orig_message);
   string serialized;
   orig_message.SerializeToString(&serialized);
 
-  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message;
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message;
   EXPECT_EQ(true, message.ParseFromString(serialized));
   CheckMessage(message);
 
@@ -138,7 +195,7 @@ TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, DynamicEnumValueDescriptors) {
   // This should dynamically create an EnumValueDescriptor.
   const google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value = r->GetEnum(message, field);
   EXPECT_EQ(enum_value->number(),
-            static_cast<int>(proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA));
+            static_cast<int>(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA));
 
   // Fetching value for a second time should return the same pointer.
   const google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptor* enum_value_second =
@@ -150,7 +207,7 @@ TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, DynamicEnumValueDescriptors) {
       d->FindFieldByName("repeated_e");
   enum_value = r->GetRepeatedEnum(message, repeated_field, 0);
   EXPECT_EQ(enum_value->number(),
-            static_cast<int>(proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA));
+            static_cast<int>(proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::E_EXTRA));
   // Should reuse the same EnumValueDescriptor, even for a different field.
   EXPECT_EQ(enum_value, enum_value_second);
 
@@ -164,7 +221,7 @@ TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, DynamicEnumValueDescriptors) {
 
 // Test that the new integer-based enum reflection API works.
 TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, IntegerEnumReflectionAPI) {
-  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message;
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage message;
   const google::protobuf::Reflection* r = message.GetReflection();
   const google::protobuf::Descriptor* d = message.GetDescriptor();
 
@@ -189,8 +246,6 @@ TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, Proto2CatchesUnknownValues) {
   protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes message;  // proto2 message
   const google::protobuf::Reflection* r = message.GetReflection();
   const google::protobuf::Descriptor* d = message.GetDescriptor();
-  const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* singular_field =
-      d->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
   const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* repeated_field =
       d->FindFieldByName("repeated_nested_enum");
   // Add one element to the repeated field so that we can test
@@ -201,6 +256,8 @@ TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, Proto2CatchesUnknownValues) {
   r->AddEnum(&message, repeated_field, enum_value);
 
 #ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+  const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* singular_field =
+      d->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
   // Enum-field integer-based setters GOOGLE_DCHECK-fail on invalid values, in order to
   // remain consistent with proto2 generated code.
   EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH({
@@ -220,7 +277,7 @@ TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, Proto2CatchesUnknownValues) {
 
 TEST(PreserveUnknownEnumTest, SupportsUnknownEnumValuesAPI) {
   protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes proto2_message;
-  proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage new_message;
+  proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest::MyMessage new_message;
 
   const google::protobuf::Reflection* proto2_reflection = proto2_message.GetReflection();
   const google::protobuf::Reflection* new_reflection = new_message.GetReflection();
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_unittest.cc
index c3b5996f..da4be673 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/proto3_arena_unittest.cc
@@ -180,6 +180,16 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, ReleaseMessage) {
   EXPECT_EQ(118, nested->bb());
 }
 
+TEST(ArenaTest, MessageFieldClear) {
+  // GitHub issue #310: https://github.com/google/protobuf/issues/310
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* arena_message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  arena_message->mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(118);
+  // This should not crash, but prior to the bugfix, it tried to use `operator
+  // delete` the nested message (which is on the arena):
+  arena_message->Clear();
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/reflection.h b/src/google/protobuf/reflection.h
index 17d89a18..4ff0f6b4 100644..100755
--- a/src/google/protobuf/reflection.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/reflection.h
@@ -33,7 +33,13 @@
 #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REFLECTION_H__
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REFLECTION_H__
 
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+
 #include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h>
 
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
@@ -223,7 +229,7 @@ class RepeatedFieldRef<
   const Message* default_instance_;
 };
 
-// MutableRepeatedFieldRef definition for non-message types.
+// MutableRepeatedFieldRef definition for message types.
 template<typename T>
 class MutableRepeatedFieldRef<
     T, typename internal::enable_if<internal::is_base_of<Message, T>::value>::type> {
@@ -297,10 +303,298 @@ class MutableRepeatedFieldRef<
   const AccessorType* accessor_;
   const Message* default_instance_;
 };
+
+namespace internal {
+// Interfaces used to implement reflection RepeatedFieldRef API.
+// Reflection::GetRepeatedAccessor() should return a pointer to an singleton
+// object that implements the below interface.
+//
+// This interface passes/returns values using void pointers. The actual type
+// of the value depends on the field's cpp_type. Following is a mapping from
+// cpp_type to the type that should be used in this interface:
+//
+//   field->cpp_type()      T                Actual type of void*
+//   CPPTYPE_INT32        int32                   int32
+//   CPPTYPE_UINT32       uint32                  uint32
+//   CPPTYPE_INT64        int64                   int64
+//   CPPTYPE_UINT64       uint64                  uint64
+//   CPPTYPE_DOUBLE       double                  double
+//   CPPTYPE_FLOAT        float                   float
+//   CPPTYPE_BOOL         bool                    bool
+//   CPPTYPE_ENUM         generated enum type     int32
+//   CPPTYPE_STRING       string                  string
+//   CPPTYPE_MESSAGE      generated message type  google::protobuf::Message
+//                        or google::protobuf::Message
+//
+// Note that for enums we use int32 in the interface.
+//
+// You can map from T to the actual type using RefTypeTraits:
+//   typedef RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorValueType ActualType;
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT RepeatedFieldAccessor {
+ public:
+  // Typedefs for clarity.
+  typedef void Field;
+  typedef void Value;
+  typedef void Iterator;
+
+  virtual ~RepeatedFieldAccessor();
+  virtual bool IsEmpty(const Field* data) const = 0;
+  virtual int Size(const Field* data) const = 0;
+  // Depends on the underlying representation of the repeated field, this
+  // method can return a pointer to the underlying object if such an object
+  // exists, or fill the data into scratch_space and return scratch_space.
+  // Callers of this method must ensure scratch_space is a valid pointer
+  // to a mutable object of the correct type.
+  virtual const Value* Get(
+      const Field* data, int index, Value* scratch_space) const = 0;
+
+  virtual void Clear(Field* data) const = 0;
+  virtual void Set(Field* data, int index, const Value* value) const = 0;
+  virtual void Add(Field* data, const Value* value) const = 0;
+  virtual void RemoveLast(Field* data) const = 0;
+  virtual void SwapElements(Field* data, int index1, int index2) const = 0;
+  virtual void Swap(Field* data, const RepeatedFieldAccessor* other_mutator,
+                    Field* other_data) const = 0;
+
+  // Create an iterator that points at the begining of the repeated field.
+  virtual Iterator* BeginIterator(const Field* data) const = 0;
+  // Create an iterator that points at the end of the repeated field.
+  virtual Iterator* EndIterator(const Field* data) const = 0;
+  // Make a copy of an iterator and return the new copy.
+  virtual Iterator* CopyIterator(const Field* data,
+                                 const Iterator* iterator) const = 0;
+  // Move an iterator to point to the next element.
+  virtual Iterator* AdvanceIterator(const Field* data,
+                                    Iterator* iterator) const = 0;
+  // Compare whether two iterators point to the same element.
+  virtual bool EqualsIterator(const Field* data, const Iterator* a,
+                              const Iterator* b) const = 0;
+  // Delete an iterator created by BeginIterator(), EndIterator() and
+  // CopyIterator().
+  virtual void DeleteIterator(const Field* data, Iterator* iterator) const = 0;
+  // Like Get() but for iterators.
+  virtual const Value* GetIteratorValue(const Field* data,
+                                        const Iterator* iterator,
+                                        Value* scratch_space) const = 0;
+
+  // Templated methods that make using this interface easier for non-message
+  // types.
+  template<typename T>
+  T Get(const Field* data, int index) const {
+    typedef typename RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorValueType ActualType;
+    ActualType scratch_space;
+    return static_cast<T>(
+        *reinterpret_cast<const ActualType*>(
+            Get(data, index, static_cast<Value*>(&scratch_space))));
+  }
+
+  template<typename T, typename ValueType>
+  void Set(Field* data, int index, const ValueType& value) const {
+    typedef typename RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorValueType ActualType;
+    // In this RepeatedFieldAccessor interface we pass/return data using
+    // raw pointers. Type of the data these raw pointers point to should
+    // be ActualType. Here we have a ValueType object and want a ActualType
+    // pointer. We can't cast a ValueType pointer to an ActualType pointer
+    // directly because their type might be different (for enums ValueType
+    // may be a generated enum type while ActualType is int32). To be safe
+    // we make a copy to get a temporary ActualType object and use it.
+    ActualType tmp = static_cast<ActualType>(value);
+    Set(data, index, static_cast<const Value*>(&tmp));
+  }
+
+  template<typename T, typename ValueType>
+  void Add(Field* data, const ValueType& value) const {
+    typedef typename RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorValueType ActualType;
+    // In this RepeatedFieldAccessor interface we pass/return data using
+    // raw pointers. Type of the data these raw pointers point to should
+    // be ActualType. Here we have a ValueType object and want a ActualType
+    // pointer. We can't cast a ValueType pointer to an ActualType pointer
+    // directly because their type might be different (for enums ValueType
+    // may be a generated enum type while ActualType is int32). To be safe
+    // we make a copy to get a temporary ActualType object and use it.
+    ActualType tmp = static_cast<ActualType>(value);
+    Add(data, static_cast<const Value*>(&tmp));
+  }
+};
+
+// Implement (Mutable)RepeatedFieldRef::iterator
+template<typename T>
+class RepeatedFieldRefIterator
+    : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, T> {
+  typedef typename RefTypeTraits<T>::AccessorValueType AccessorValueType;
+  typedef typename RefTypeTraits<T>::IteratorValueType IteratorValueType;
+  typedef typename RefTypeTraits<T>::IteratorPointerType IteratorPointerType;
+
+ public:
+  // Constructor for non-message fields.
+  RepeatedFieldRefIterator(const void* data,
+                           const RepeatedFieldAccessor* accessor,
+                           bool begin)
+      : data_(data), accessor_(accessor),
+        iterator_(begin ? accessor->BeginIterator(data) :
+                          accessor->EndIterator(data)),
+        scratch_space_(new AccessorValueType) {
+  }
+  // Constructor for message fields.
+  RepeatedFieldRefIterator(const void* data,
+                           const RepeatedFieldAccessor* accessor,
+                           bool begin,
+                           AccessorValueType* scratch_space)
+      : data_(data), accessor_(accessor),
+        iterator_(begin ? accessor->BeginIterator(data) :
+                          accessor->EndIterator(data)),
+        scratch_space_(scratch_space) {
+  }
+  ~RepeatedFieldRefIterator() {
+    accessor_->DeleteIterator(data_, iterator_);
+  }
+  RepeatedFieldRefIterator operator++(int) {
+    RepeatedFieldRefIterator tmp(*this);
+    iterator_ = accessor_->AdvanceIterator(data_, iterator_);
+    return tmp;
+  }
+  RepeatedFieldRefIterator& operator++() {
+    iterator_ = accessor_->AdvanceIterator(data_, iterator_);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  IteratorValueType operator*() const {
+    return static_cast<IteratorValueType>(
+        *static_cast<const AccessorValueType*>(
+            accessor_->GetIteratorValue(
+                data_, iterator_, scratch_space_.get())));
+  }
+  IteratorPointerType operator->() const {
+    return static_cast<IteratorPointerType>(
+        accessor_->GetIteratorValue(
+            data_, iterator_, scratch_space_.get()));
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const RepeatedFieldRefIterator& other) const {
+    assert(data_ == other.data_);
+    assert(accessor_ == other.accessor_);
+    return !accessor_->EqualsIterator(data_, iterator_, other.iterator_);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const RepeatedFieldRefIterator& other) const {
+    return !this->operator!=(other);
+  }
+
+  RepeatedFieldRefIterator(const RepeatedFieldRefIterator& other)
+      : data_(other.data_), accessor_(other.accessor_),
+        iterator_(accessor_->CopyIterator(data_, other.iterator_)) {
+  }
+  RepeatedFieldRefIterator& operator=(const RepeatedFieldRefIterator& other) {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      accessor_->DeleteIterator(data_, iterator_);
+      data_ = other.data_;
+      accessor_ = other.accessor_;
+      iterator_ = accessor_->CopyIterator(data_, other.iterator_);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  const void* data_;
+  const RepeatedFieldAccessor* accessor_;
+  void* iterator_;
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<AccessorValueType> scratch_space_;
+};
+
+// TypeTraits that maps the type parameter T of RepeatedFieldRef or
+// MutableRepeatedFieldRef to corresponding iterator type,
+// RepeatedFieldAccessor type, etc.
+template<typename T>
+struct PrimitiveTraits {
+  static const bool is_primitive = false;
+};
+#define DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(TYPE, type) \
+    template<> struct PrimitiveTraits<type> { \
+      static const bool is_primitive = true; \
+      static const FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type = \
+          FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ ## TYPE; \
+    };
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(INT32, int32)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(UINT32, uint32)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(INT64, int64)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(UINT64, uint64)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(FLOAT, float)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(DOUBLE, double)
+DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(BOOL, bool)
+#undef DEFINE_PRIMITIVE
+
+template<typename T>
+struct RefTypeTraits<
+    T, typename internal::enable_if<PrimitiveTraits<T>::is_primitive>::type> {
+  typedef RepeatedFieldRefIterator<T> iterator;
+  typedef RepeatedFieldAccessor AccessorType;
+  typedef T AccessorValueType;
+  typedef T IteratorValueType;
+  typedef T* IteratorPointerType;
+  static const FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type =
+      PrimitiveTraits<T>::cpp_type;
+  static const Descriptor* GetMessageFieldDescriptor() {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct RefTypeTraits<
+    T, typename internal::enable_if<is_proto_enum<T>::value>::type> {
+  typedef RepeatedFieldRefIterator<T> iterator;
+  typedef RepeatedFieldAccessor AccessorType;
+  // We use int32 for repeated enums in RepeatedFieldAccessor.
+  typedef int32 AccessorValueType;
+  typedef T IteratorValueType;
+  typedef int32* IteratorPointerType;
+  static const FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type =
+      FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM;
+  static const Descriptor* GetMessageFieldDescriptor() {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct RefTypeTraits<
+    T, typename internal::enable_if<internal::is_same<string, T>::value>::type> {
+  typedef RepeatedFieldRefIterator<T> iterator;
+  typedef RepeatedFieldAccessor AccessorType;
+  typedef string AccessorValueType;
+  typedef string IteratorValueType;
+  typedef string* IteratorPointerType;
+  static const FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type =
+      FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING;
+  static const Descriptor* GetMessageFieldDescriptor() {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct MessageDescriptorGetter {
+  static const Descriptor* get() {
+    return T::default_instance().GetDescriptor();
+  }
+};
+template<>
+struct MessageDescriptorGetter<Message> {
+  static const Descriptor* get() {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct RefTypeTraits<
+    T, typename internal::enable_if<internal::is_base_of<Message, T>::value>::type> {
+  typedef RepeatedFieldRefIterator<T> iterator;
+  typedef RepeatedFieldAccessor AccessorType;
+  typedef Message AccessorValueType;
+  typedef const T& IteratorValueType;
+  typedef const T* IteratorPointerType;
+  static const FieldDescriptor::CppType cpp_type =
+      FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE;
+  static const Descriptor* GetMessageFieldDescriptor() {
+    return MessageDescriptorGetter<T>::get();
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
 
-// Implementation details for (Mutable)RepeatedFieldRef.
-#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field_reflection.h>
-
 #endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REFLECTION_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h
index 4798eeda..14f46298 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h
@@ -576,26 +576,21 @@ class GenericTypeHandler {
   }
 };
 
-// Macros for specializing GenericTypeHandler for base proto types, these are
-// are defined here, to allow inlining them at their callsites.
-#define DEFINE_SPECIALIZATIONS_FOR_BASE_PROTO_TYPES(Inline, TypeName)          \
-    template<> \
-    Inline TypeName* GenericTypeHandler<TypeName>::NewFromPrototype(           \
-        const TypeName* prototype, google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {                     \
-      return prototype->New(arena);                                            \
-    }                                                                          \
-    template<> \
-    Inline google::protobuf::Arena* GenericTypeHandler<TypeName>::GetArena(              \
-        TypeName* value) {                                                     \
-      return value->GetArena();                                                \
-    }                                                                          \
-    template<>                                                                 \
-    Inline void* GenericTypeHandler<TypeName>::GetMaybeArenaPointer(           \
-        TypeName* value) {                                                     \
-      return value->GetMaybeArenaPointer();                                    \
-    }
-#define DEFINE_SPECIALIZATIONS_FOR_BASE_PROTO_TYPES_NOINLINE(TypeName)         \
-    DEFINE_SPECIALIZATIONS_FOR_BASE_PROTO_TYPES(, TypeName)
+template<>
+inline MessageLite* GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::NewFromPrototype(
+    const MessageLite* prototype, google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
+  return prototype->New(arena);
+}
+template<>
+inline google::protobuf::Arena* GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::GetArena(
+    MessageLite* value) {
+  return value->GetArena();
+}
+template<>
+inline void* GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::GetMaybeArenaPointer(
+    MessageLite* value) {
+  return value->GetMaybeArenaPointer();
+}
 
 // Implements GenericTypeHandler specialization required by RepeatedPtrFields
 // to work with MessageLite type.
@@ -605,8 +600,6 @@ inline void GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::Merge(
   to->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
-DEFINE_SPECIALIZATIONS_FOR_BASE_PROTO_TYPES(inline, MessageLite);
-
 // Declarations of the specialization as we cannot define them here, as the
 // header that defines ProtocolMessage depends on types defined in this header.
 #define DECLARE_SPECIALIZATIONS_FOR_BASE_PROTO_TYPES(TypeName)                 \
@@ -626,7 +619,7 @@ DEFINE_SPECIALIZATIONS_FOR_BASE_PROTO_TYPES(inline, MessageLite);
 DECLARE_SPECIALIZATIONS_FOR_BASE_PROTO_TYPES(Message);
 
 
-#undef DECLARE_SPECIALIZATIONS_FOR_BASE_CLASSES
+#undef DECLARE_SPECIALIZATIONS_FOR_BASE_PROTO_TYPES
 
 template <>
 inline const MessageLite& GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::default_instance() {
@@ -1132,7 +1125,9 @@ template <typename Element>
 inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::iterator RepeatedField<Element>::erase(
     const_iterator first, const_iterator last) {
   size_type first_offset = first - cbegin();
-  Truncate(std::copy(last, cend(), begin() + first_offset) - cbegin());
+  if (first != last) {
+    Truncate(std::copy(last, cend(), begin() + first_offset) - cbegin());
+  }
   return begin() + first_offset;
 }
 
@@ -1235,6 +1230,7 @@ void RepeatedField<Element>::Reserve(int new_size) {
                 kRepHeaderSize + sizeof(Element)*new_size));
   }
   rep_->arena = arena;
+  int old_total_size = total_size_;
   total_size_ = new_size;
   // Invoke placement-new on newly allocated elements. We shouldn't have to do
   // this, since Element is supposed to be POD, but a previous version of this
@@ -1253,15 +1249,17 @@ void RepeatedField<Element>::Reserve(int new_size) {
   if (current_size_ > 0) {
     MoveArray(rep_->elements, old_rep->elements, current_size_);
   }
-  // Likewise, we need to invoke destructors on the old array. If Element has no
-  // destructor, this loop will disappear.
-  e = &old_rep->elements[0];
-  limit = &old_rep->elements[current_size_];
-  for (; e < limit; e++) {
-    e->Element::~Element();
-  }
-  if (arena == NULL) {
-    delete[] reinterpret_cast<char*>(old_rep);
+  if (old_rep) {
+    // Likewise, we need to invoke destructors on the old array. If Element has
+    // no destructor, this loop will disappear.
+    e = &old_rep->elements[0];
+    limit = &old_rep->elements[old_total_size];
+    for (; e < limit; e++) {
+      e->Element::~Element();
+    }
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+      delete[] reinterpret_cast<char*>(old_rep);
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -1418,7 +1416,7 @@ void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Clear() {
   const int n = current_size_;
   GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(n, 0);
   if (n > 0) {
-    void* const* elements = raw_data();
+    void* const* elements = rep_->elements;
     int i = 0;
     do {
       TypeHandler::Clear(cast<TypeHandler>(elements[i++]));
@@ -2264,7 +2262,7 @@ RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_end() const {
 
 // Iterators and helper functions that follow the spirit of the STL
 // std::back_insert_iterator and std::back_inserter but are tailor-made
-// for RepeatedField and RepatedPtrField. Typical usage would be:
+// for RepeatedField and RepeatedPtrField. Typical usage would be:
 //
 //   std::copy(some_sequence.begin(), some_sequence.end(),
 //             google::protobuf::RepeatedFieldBackInserter(proto.mutable_sequence()));
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_reflection_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_reflection_unittest.cc
index 8b821806..fcebe5ce 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_reflection_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_reflection_unittest.cc
@@ -410,6 +410,7 @@ TEST(RepeatedFieldReflectionTest, RepeatedFieldRefForRegularFields) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(mrf_message.empty());
 
 #ifdef PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
   // Make sure types are checked correctly at runtime.
   const FieldDescriptor* fd_optional_int32 =
       desc->FindFieldByName("optional_int32");
@@ -419,6 +420,7 @@ TEST(RepeatedFieldReflectionTest, RepeatedFieldRefForRegularFields) {
       message, fd_repeated_int32), "");
   EXPECT_DEATH(refl->GetRepeatedFieldRef<TestAllTypes>(
       message, fd_repeated_foreign_message), "");
+
 #endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc
index 15c0c93e..af397932 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc
@@ -456,6 +456,28 @@ TEST(RepeatedField, ExtractSubrange) {
   }
 }
 
+TEST(RepeatedField, ClearThenReserveMore) {
+  // Test that Reserve properly destroys the old internal array when it's forced
+  // to allocate a new one, even when cleared-but-not-deleted objects are
+  // present. Use a 'string' and > 16 bytes length so that the elements are
+  // non-POD and allocate -- the leak checker will catch any skipped destructor
+  // calls here.
+  RepeatedField<string> field;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+    field.Add(string("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"));
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(32, field.size());
+  field.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, field.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(32, field.Capacity());
+
+  field.Reserve(1024);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, field.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1024, field.Capacity());
+  // Finish test -- |field| should destroy the cleared-but-not-yet-destroyed
+  // strings.
+}
+
 // ===================================================================
 // RepeatedPtrField tests.  These pretty much just mirror the RepeatedField
 // tests above.
@@ -1131,7 +1153,7 @@ TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldIteratorTest, STLAlgorithms_lower_bound) {
 
   string v = "f";
   RepeatedPtrField<string>::const_iterator it =
-      lower_bound(proto_array_.begin(), proto_array_.end(), v);
+      std::lower_bound(proto_array_.begin(), proto_array_.end(), v);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(*it, "n");
   EXPECT_TRUE(it == proto_array_.begin() + 3);
@@ -1292,8 +1314,8 @@ TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, PtrSTLAlgorithms_lower_bound) {
   {
     string v = "f";
     RepeatedPtrField<string>::pointer_iterator it =
-        lower_bound(proto_array_.pointer_begin(), proto_array_.pointer_end(),
-                    &v, StringLessThan());
+        std::lower_bound(proto_array_.pointer_begin(),
+                         proto_array_.pointer_end(), &v, StringLessThan());
 
     GOOGLE_CHECK(*it != NULL);
 
@@ -1302,10 +1324,9 @@ TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, PtrSTLAlgorithms_lower_bound) {
   }
   {
     string v = "f";
-    RepeatedPtrField<string>::const_pointer_iterator it =
-        lower_bound(const_proto_array_->pointer_begin(),
-                    const_proto_array_->pointer_end(),
-                    &v, StringLessThan());
+    RepeatedPtrField<string>::const_pointer_iterator it = std::lower_bound(
+        const_proto_array_->pointer_begin(), const_proto_array_->pointer_end(),
+        &v, StringLessThan());
 
     GOOGLE_CHECK(*it != NULL);
 
@@ -1343,9 +1364,8 @@ TEST_F(RepeatedPtrFieldPtrsIteratorTest, Sort) {
   EXPECT_EQ("foo", proto_array_.Get(0));
   EXPECT_EQ("n", proto_array_.Get(5));
   EXPECT_EQ("x", proto_array_.Get(9));
-  sort(proto_array_.pointer_begin(),
-       proto_array_.pointer_end(),
-       StringLessThan());
+  std::sort(proto_array_.pointer_begin(), proto_array_.pointer_end(),
+            StringLessThan());
   EXPECT_EQ("a", proto_array_.Get(0));
   EXPECT_EQ("baz", proto_array_.Get(2));
   EXPECT_EQ("y", proto_array_.Get(9));
@@ -1478,9 +1498,9 @@ TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest,
     new_data->set_bb(i);
   }
   TestAllTypes testproto;
-  copy(data.begin(), data.end(),
-       AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(
-           testproto.mutable_repeated_nested_message()));
+  std::copy(data.begin(), data.end(),
+            AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(
+                testproto.mutable_repeated_nested_message()));
   EXPECT_EQ(testproto.DebugString(), goldenproto.DebugString());
 }
 
@@ -1497,9 +1517,8 @@ TEST_F(RepeatedFieldInsertionIteratorsTest,
     *new_data = "name-" + SimpleItoa(i);
   }
   TestAllTypes testproto;
-  copy(data.begin(), data.end(),
-       AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(
-           testproto.mutable_repeated_string()));
+  std::copy(data.begin(), data.end(), AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(
+                                          testproto.mutable_repeated_string()));
   EXPECT_EQ(testproto.DebugString(), goldenproto.DebugString());
 }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c88363f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/source_context.proto
+
+#define INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PROTOBUF_FIELD_DEPRECATION
+#include "google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* SourceContext_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  SourceContext_reflection_ = NULL;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto() {
+  protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file =
+    ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
+      "google/protobuf/source_context.proto");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL);
+  SourceContext_descriptor_ = file->message_type(0);
+  static const int SourceContext_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceContext, file_name_),
+  };
+  SourceContext_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      SourceContext_descriptor_,
+      SourceContext::default_instance_,
+      SourceContext_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(SourceContext),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceContext, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceContext, _is_default_instance_));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
+inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto);
+}
+
+void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      SourceContext_descriptor_, &SourceContext::default_instance());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto() {
+  delete SourceContext::default_instance_;
+  delete SourceContext_reflection_;
+}
+
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto() {
+  static bool already_here = false;
+  if (already_here) return;
+  already_here = true;
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
+    "\n$google/protobuf/source_context.proto\022\017"
+    "google.protobuf\"\"\n\rSourceContext\022\021\n\tfile"
+    "_name\030\001 \001(\tBR\n\023com.google.protobufB\022Sour"
+    "ceContextProtoP\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf"
+    ".WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 183);
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
+    "google/protobuf/source_context.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
+  SourceContext::default_instance_ = new SourceContext();
+  SourceContext::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto);
+}
+
+// Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
+struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto {
+  StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto() {
+    protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  }
+} static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_;
+
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << __FILE__ << ":" << line;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int SourceContext::kFileNameFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+SourceContext::SourceContext()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+}
+
+void SourceContext::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+SourceContext::SourceContext(const SourceContext& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+}
+
+void SourceContext::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  file_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+SourceContext::~SourceContext() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void SourceContext::SharedDtor() {
+  file_name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void SourceContext::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* SourceContext::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return SourceContext_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const SourceContext& SourceContext::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+SourceContext* SourceContext::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+SourceContext* SourceContext::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  SourceContext* n = new SourceContext;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void SourceContext::Clear() {
+  file_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+bool SourceContext::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional string file_name = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_file_name()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->file_name().data(), this->file_name().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void SourceContext::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  // optional string file_name = 1;
+  if (this->file_name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->file_name().data(), this->file_name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      1, this->file_name(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* SourceContext::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  // optional string file_name = 1;
+  if (this->file_name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->file_name().data(), this->file_name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        1, this->file_name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int SourceContext::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional string file_name = 1;
+  if (this->file_name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->file_name());
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void SourceContext::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const SourceContext* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const SourceContext>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void SourceContext::MergeFrom(const SourceContext& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.file_name().size() > 0) {
+
+    file_name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.file_name_);
+  }
+}
+
+void SourceContext::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void SourceContext::CopyFrom(const SourceContext& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool SourceContext::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void SourceContext::Swap(SourceContext* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void SourceContext::InternalSwap(SourceContext* other) {
+  file_name_.Swap(&other->file_name_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata SourceContext::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = SourceContext_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = SourceContext_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// SourceContext
+
+// optional string file_name = 1;
+void SourceContext::clear_file_name() {
+  file_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& SourceContext::file_name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+  return file_name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void SourceContext::set_file_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  file_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+ void SourceContext::set_file_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  file_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+ void SourceContext::set_file_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  file_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+ ::std::string* SourceContext::mutable_file_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+  return file_name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* SourceContext::release_file_name() {
+  
+  return file_name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void SourceContext::set_allocated_file_name(::std::string* file_name) {
+  if (file_name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  file_name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), file_name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..02e11460
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/source_context.proto
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto__INCLUDED
+#define PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto__INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3000000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3000000 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+
+class SourceContext;
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceContext : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  SourceContext();
+  virtual ~SourceContext();
+
+  SourceContext(const SourceContext& from);
+
+  inline SourceContext& operator=(const SourceContext& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const SourceContext& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(SourceContext* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline SourceContext* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  SourceContext* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const SourceContext& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const SourceContext& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(SourceContext* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional string file_name = 1;
+  void clear_file_name();
+  static const int kFileNameFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::std::string& file_name() const;
+  void set_file_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_file_name(const char* value);
+  void set_file_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_file_name();
+  ::std::string* release_file_name();
+  void set_allocated_file_name(::std::string* file_name);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr file_name_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static SourceContext* default_instance_;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// SourceContext
+
+// optional string file_name = 1;
+inline void SourceContext::clear_file_name() {
+  file_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& SourceContext::file_name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+  return file_name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void SourceContext::set_file_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  file_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+inline void SourceContext::set_file_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  file_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+inline void SourceContext::set_file_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  file_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+inline ::std::string* SourceContext::mutable_file_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+  return file_name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* SourceContext::release_file_name() {
+  
+  return file_name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void SourceContext::set_allocated_file_name(::std::string* file_name) {
+  if (file_name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  file_name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), file_name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto__INCLUDED
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto b/src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..98d4920a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "SourceContextProto";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+
+// `SourceContext` represents information about the source of a
+// protobuf element, like the file in which it is defined.
+message SourceContext {
+  // The path-qualified name of the .proto file that contained the associated
+  // protobuf element.  For example: `"google/protobuf/source.proto"`.
+  string file_name = 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a7e2eafd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1455 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/struct.proto
+
+#define INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PROTOBUF_FIELD_DEPRECATION
+#include "google/protobuf/struct.pb.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Struct_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Struct_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Struct_FieldsEntry_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Value_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Value_reflection_ = NULL;
+struct ValueOneofInstance {
+  int null_value_;
+  double number_value_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr string_value_;
+  bool bool_value_;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value_;
+  const ::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value_;
+}* Value_default_oneof_instance_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* ListValue_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  ListValue_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* NullValue_descriptor_ = NULL;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
+  protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file =
+    ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
+      "google/protobuf/struct.proto");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL);
+  Struct_descriptor_ = file->message_type(0);
+  static const int Struct_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Struct, fields_),
+  };
+  Struct_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Struct_descriptor_,
+      Struct::default_instance_,
+      Struct_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Struct),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Struct, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Struct, _is_default_instance_));
+  Struct_FieldsEntry_descriptor_ = Struct_descriptor_->nested_type(0);
+  Value_descriptor_ = file->message_type(1);
+  static const int Value_offsets_[7] = {
+    PROTO2_GENERATED_DEFAULT_ONEOF_FIELD_OFFSET(Value_default_oneof_instance_, null_value_),
+    PROTO2_GENERATED_DEFAULT_ONEOF_FIELD_OFFSET(Value_default_oneof_instance_, number_value_),
+    PROTO2_GENERATED_DEFAULT_ONEOF_FIELD_OFFSET(Value_default_oneof_instance_, string_value_),
+    PROTO2_GENERATED_DEFAULT_ONEOF_FIELD_OFFSET(Value_default_oneof_instance_, bool_value_),
+    PROTO2_GENERATED_DEFAULT_ONEOF_FIELD_OFFSET(Value_default_oneof_instance_, struct_value_),
+    PROTO2_GENERATED_DEFAULT_ONEOF_FIELD_OFFSET(Value_default_oneof_instance_, list_value_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Value, kind_),
+  };
+  Value_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Value_descriptor_,
+      Value::default_instance_,
+      Value_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      Value_default_oneof_instance_,
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Value, _oneof_case_[0]),
+      sizeof(Value),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Value, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Value, _is_default_instance_));
+  ListValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(2);
+  static const int ListValue_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ListValue, values_),
+  };
+  ListValue_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      ListValue_descriptor_,
+      ListValue::default_instance_,
+      ListValue_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(ListValue),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ListValue, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ListValue, _is_default_instance_));
+  NullValue_descriptor_ = file->enum_type(0);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
+inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto);
+}
+
+void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Struct_descriptor_, &Struct::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+        Struct_FieldsEntry_descriptor_,
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::MapEntry<
+            ::std::string,
+            ::google::protobuf::Value,
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING,
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+            0>::CreateDefaultInstance(
+                Struct_FieldsEntry_descriptor_));
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Value_descriptor_, &Value::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      ListValue_descriptor_, &ListValue::default_instance());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
+  delete Struct::default_instance_;
+  delete Struct_reflection_;
+  delete Value::default_instance_;
+  delete Value_default_oneof_instance_;
+  delete Value_reflection_;
+  delete ListValue::default_instance_;
+  delete ListValue_reflection_;
+}
+
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
+  static bool already_here = false;
+  if (already_here) return;
+  already_here = true;
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
+    "\n\034google/protobuf/struct.proto\022\017google.p"
+    "rotobuf\"\204\001\n\006Struct\0223\n\006fields\030\001 \003(\0132#.goo"
+    "gle.protobuf.Struct.FieldsEntry\032E\n\013Field"
+    "sEntry\022\013\n\003key\030\001 \001(\t\022%\n\005value\030\002 \001(\0132\026.goo"
+    "gle.protobuf.Value:\0028\001\"\352\001\n\005Value\0220\n\nnull"
+    "_value\030\001 \001(\0162\032.google.protobuf.NullValue"
+    "H\000\022\026\n\014number_value\030\002 \001(\001H\000\022\026\n\014string_val"
+    "ue\030\003 \001(\tH\000\022\024\n\nbool_value\030\004 \001(\010H\000\022/\n\014stru"
+    "ct_value\030\005 \001(\0132\027.google.protobuf.StructH"
+    "\000\0220\n\nlist_value\030\006 \001(\0132\032.google.protobuf."
+    "ListValueH\000B\006\n\004kind\"3\n\tListValue\022&\n\006valu"
+    "es\030\001 \003(\0132\026.google.protobuf.Value*\033\n\tNull"
+    "Value\022\016\n\nNULL_VALUE\020\000BN\n\023com.google.prot"
+    "obufB\013StructProtoP\001\240\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Pr"
+    "otobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 589);
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
+    "google/protobuf/struct.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
+  Struct::default_instance_ = new Struct();
+  Value::default_instance_ = new Value();
+  Value_default_oneof_instance_ = new ValueOneofInstance();
+  ListValue::default_instance_ = new ListValue();
+  Struct::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Value::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ListValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto);
+}
+
+// Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
+struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto {
+  StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
+    protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  }
+} static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_;
+const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* NullValue_descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return NullValue_descriptor_;
+}
+bool NullValue_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch(value) {
+    case 0:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << __FILE__ << ":" << line;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Struct::kFieldsFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Struct::Struct()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Struct)
+}
+
+void Struct::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+Struct::Struct(const Struct& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Struct)
+}
+
+void Struct::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  fields_.SetAssignDescriptorCallback(
+      protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce);
+  fields_.SetEntryDescriptor(
+      &::google::protobuf::Struct_FieldsEntry_descriptor_);
+}
+
+Struct::~Struct() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Struct::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void Struct::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Struct::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Struct_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Struct& Struct::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Struct* Struct::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Struct* Struct::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Struct* n = new Struct;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Struct::Clear() {
+  fields_.Clear();
+}
+
+bool Struct::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_fields:
+          ::google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Struct_FieldsEntry> entry(fields_.NewEntry());
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+              input, entry.get()));
+          (*mutable_fields())[entry->key()].Swap(entry->mutable_value());
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(10)) goto parse_loop_fields;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Struct::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  // map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
+  {
+    ::google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Struct_FieldsEntry> entry;
+    for (::google::protobuf::Map< ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value >::const_iterator
+        it = this->fields().begin();
+        it != this->fields().end(); ++it) {
+      entry.reset(fields_.NewEntryWrapper(it->first, it->second));
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+          1, *entry, output);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Struct)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Struct::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  // map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
+  {
+    ::google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Struct_FieldsEntry> entry;
+    for (::google::protobuf::Map< ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value >::const_iterator
+        it = this->fields().begin();
+        it != this->fields().end(); ++it) {
+      entry.reset(fields_.NewEntryWrapper(it->first, it->second));
+      target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+          WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+              1, *entry, target);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Struct)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Struct::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
+  total_size += 1 * this->fields_size();
+  {
+    ::google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Struct_FieldsEntry> entry;
+    for (::google::protobuf::Map< ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value >::const_iterator
+        it = this->fields().begin();
+        it != this->fields().end(); ++it) {
+      entry.reset(fields_.NewEntryWrapper(it->first, it->second));
+      total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+          MessageSizeNoVirtual(*entry);
+    }
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Struct::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Struct* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Struct>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Struct::MergeFrom(const Struct& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  fields_.MergeFrom(from.fields_);
+}
+
+void Struct::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Struct::CopyFrom(const Struct& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Struct::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Struct::Swap(Struct* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Struct::InternalSwap(Struct* other) {
+  fields_.Swap(&other->fields_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Struct::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Struct_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Struct_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Struct
+
+// map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
+int Struct::fields_size() const {
+  return fields_.size();
+}
+void Struct::clear_fields() {
+  fields_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::Map< ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value >&
+Struct::fields() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_map:google.protobuf.Struct.fields)
+  return fields_.GetMap();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Map< ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value >*
+Struct::mutable_fields() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_map:google.protobuf.Struct.fields)
+  return fields_.MutableMap();
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Value::kNullValueFieldNumber;
+const int Value::kNumberValueFieldNumber;
+const int Value::kStringValueFieldNumber;
+const int Value::kBoolValueFieldNumber;
+const int Value::kStructValueFieldNumber;
+const int Value::kListValueFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Value::Value()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Value)
+}
+
+void Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+  Value_default_oneof_instance_->null_value_ = 0;
+  Value_default_oneof_instance_->number_value_ = 0;
+  Value_default_oneof_instance_->string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  Value_default_oneof_instance_->bool_value_ = false;
+  Value_default_oneof_instance_->struct_value_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::Struct*>(&::google::protobuf::Struct::default_instance());
+  Value_default_oneof_instance_->list_value_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::ListValue*>(&::google::protobuf::ListValue::default_instance());
+}
+
+Value::Value(const Value& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Value)
+}
+
+void Value::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  clear_has_kind();
+}
+
+Value::~Value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Value)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Value::SharedDtor() {
+  if (has_kind()) {
+    clear_kind();
+  }
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void Value::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Value::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Value_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Value& Value::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Value* Value::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Value* Value::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Value* n = new Value;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Value::clear_kind() {
+  switch(kind_case()) {
+    case kNullValue: {
+      // No need to clear
+      break;
+    }
+    case kNumberValue: {
+      // No need to clear
+      break;
+    }
+    case kStringValue: {
+      kind_.string_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kBoolValue: {
+      // No need to clear
+      break;
+    }
+    case kStructValue: {
+      delete kind_.struct_value_;
+      break;
+    }
+    case kListValue: {
+      delete kind_.list_value_;
+      break;
+    }
+    case KIND_NOT_SET: {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  _oneof_case_[0] = KIND_NOT_SET;
+}
+
+
+void Value::Clear() {
+  clear_kind();
+}
+
+bool Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Value)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 8) {
+          int value;
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   int, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(
+                 input, &value)));
+          set_null_value(static_cast< ::google::protobuf::NullValue >(value));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(17)) goto parse_number_value;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional double number_value = 2;
+      case 2: {
+        if (tag == 17) {
+         parse_number_value:
+          clear_kind();
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   double, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_DOUBLE>(
+                 input, &kind_.number_value_)));
+          set_has_number_value();
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_string_value;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional string string_value = 3;
+      case 3: {
+        if (tag == 26) {
+         parse_string_value:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_string_value()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->string_value().data(), this->string_value().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Value.string_value");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(32)) goto parse_bool_value;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional bool bool_value = 4;
+      case 4: {
+        if (tag == 32) {
+         parse_bool_value:
+          clear_kind();
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
+                 input, &kind_.bool_value_)));
+          set_has_bool_value();
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(42)) goto parse_struct_value;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
+      case 5: {
+        if (tag == 42) {
+         parse_struct_value:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+               input, mutable_struct_value()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_list_value;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
+      case 6: {
+        if (tag == 50) {
+         parse_list_value:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+               input, mutable_list_value()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Value)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Value)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Value::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Value)
+  // optional .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
+  if (has_null_value()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnum(
+      1, this->null_value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional double number_value = 2;
+  if (has_number_value()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteDouble(2, this->number_value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional string string_value = 3;
+  if (has_string_value()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->string_value().data(), this->string_value().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Value.string_value");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      3, this->string_value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool bool_value = 4;
+  if (has_bool_value()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(4, this->bool_value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
+  if (has_struct_value()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      5, *kind_.struct_value_, output);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
+  if (has_list_value()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      6, *kind_.list_value_, output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Value)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Value::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Value)
+  // optional .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
+  if (has_null_value()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      1, this->null_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional double number_value = 2;
+  if (has_number_value()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteDoubleToArray(2, this->number_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string string_value = 3;
+  if (has_string_value()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->string_value().data(), this->string_value().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Value.string_value");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        3, this->string_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool bool_value = 4;
+  if (has_bool_value()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(4, this->bool_value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
+  if (has_struct_value()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        5, *kind_.struct_value_, target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
+  if (has_list_value()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        6, *kind_.list_value_, target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Value)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Value::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  switch (kind_case()) {
+    // optional .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
+    case kNullValue: {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->null_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    // optional double number_value = 2;
+    case kNumberValue: {
+      total_size += 1 + 8;
+      break;
+    }
+    // optional string string_value = 3;
+    case kStringValue: {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+          this->string_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    // optional bool bool_value = 4;
+    case kBoolValue: {
+      total_size += 1 + 1;
+      break;
+    }
+    // optional .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
+    case kStructValue: {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          *kind_.struct_value_);
+      break;
+    }
+    // optional .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
+    case kListValue: {
+      total_size += 1 +
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          *kind_.list_value_);
+      break;
+    }
+    case KIND_NOT_SET: {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Value* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Value>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Value::MergeFrom(const Value& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  switch (from.kind_case()) {
+    case kNullValue: {
+      set_null_value(from.null_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kNumberValue: {
+      set_number_value(from.number_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kStringValue: {
+      set_string_value(from.string_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kBoolValue: {
+      set_bool_value(from.bool_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kStructValue: {
+      mutable_struct_value()->::google::protobuf::Struct::MergeFrom(from.struct_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case kListValue: {
+      mutable_list_value()->::google::protobuf::ListValue::MergeFrom(from.list_value());
+      break;
+    }
+    case KIND_NOT_SET: {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Value::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Value::CopyFrom(const Value& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Value::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Value::Swap(Value* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Value::InternalSwap(Value* other) {
+  std::swap(kind_, other->kind_);
+  std::swap(_oneof_case_[0], other->_oneof_case_[0]);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Value::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Value_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Value_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Value
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
+bool Value::has_null_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kNullValue;
+}
+void Value::set_has_null_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kNullValue;
+}
+void Value::clear_null_value() {
+  if (has_null_value()) {
+    kind_.null_value_ = 0;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::NullValue Value::null_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.null_value)
+  if (has_null_value()) {
+    return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::NullValue >(kind_.null_value_);
+  }
+  return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::NullValue >(0);
+}
+ void Value::set_null_value(::google::protobuf::NullValue value) {
+  if (!has_null_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_null_value();
+  }
+  kind_.null_value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.null_value)
+}
+
+// optional double number_value = 2;
+bool Value::has_number_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kNumberValue;
+}
+void Value::set_has_number_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kNumberValue;
+}
+void Value::clear_number_value() {
+  if (has_number_value()) {
+    kind_.number_value_ = 0;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+ double Value::number_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.number_value)
+  if (has_number_value()) {
+    return kind_.number_value_;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+ void Value::set_number_value(double value) {
+  if (!has_number_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_number_value();
+  }
+  kind_.number_value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.number_value)
+}
+
+// optional string string_value = 3;
+bool Value::has_string_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kStringValue;
+}
+void Value::set_has_string_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kStringValue;
+}
+void Value::clear_string_value() {
+  if (has_string_value()) {
+    kind_.string_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+ const ::std::string& Value::string_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  if (has_string_value()) {
+    return kind_.string_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  return *&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited();
+}
+ void Value::set_string_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  if (!has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  kind_.string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+ void Value::set_string_value(const char* value) {
+  if (!has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  kind_.string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+ void Value::set_string_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  if (!has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  kind_.string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+ ::std::string* Value::mutable_string_value() {
+  if (!has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  return kind_.string_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Value::release_string_value() {
+  if (has_string_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+    return kind_.string_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+ void Value::set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value) {
+  if (!has_string_value()) {
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  clear_kind();
+  if (string_value != NULL) {
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+        string_value);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+
+// optional bool bool_value = 4;
+bool Value::has_bool_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kBoolValue;
+}
+void Value::set_has_bool_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kBoolValue;
+}
+void Value::clear_bool_value() {
+  if (has_bool_value()) {
+    kind_.bool_value_ = false;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+ bool Value::bool_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.bool_value)
+  if (has_bool_value()) {
+    return kind_.bool_value_;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+ void Value::set_bool_value(bool value) {
+  if (!has_bool_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_bool_value();
+  }
+  kind_.bool_value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.bool_value)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
+bool Value::has_struct_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kStructValue;
+}
+void Value::set_has_struct_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kStructValue;
+}
+void Value::clear_struct_value() {
+  if (has_struct_value()) {
+    delete kind_.struct_value_;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::Struct& Value::struct_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+  return has_struct_value() ? *kind_.struct_value_
+                      : ::google::protobuf::Struct::default_instance();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Struct* Value::mutable_struct_value() {
+  if (!has_struct_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_struct_value();
+    kind_.struct_value_ = new ::google::protobuf::Struct;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+  return kind_.struct_value_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Struct* Value::release_struct_value() {
+  if (has_struct_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+    ::google::protobuf::Struct* temp = kind_.struct_value_;
+    kind_.struct_value_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+ void Value::set_allocated_struct_value(::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value) {
+  clear_kind();
+  if (struct_value) {
+    set_has_struct_value();
+    kind_.struct_value_ = struct_value;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
+bool Value::has_list_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kListValue;
+}
+void Value::set_has_list_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kListValue;
+}
+void Value::clear_list_value() {
+  if (has_list_value()) {
+    delete kind_.list_value_;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::ListValue& Value::list_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+  return has_list_value() ? *kind_.list_value_
+                      : ::google::protobuf::ListValue::default_instance();
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::ListValue* Value::mutable_list_value() {
+  if (!has_list_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_list_value();
+    kind_.list_value_ = new ::google::protobuf::ListValue;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+  return kind_.list_value_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::ListValue* Value::release_list_value() {
+  if (has_list_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+    ::google::protobuf::ListValue* temp = kind_.list_value_;
+    kind_.list_value_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+ void Value::set_allocated_list_value(::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value) {
+  clear_kind();
+  if (list_value) {
+    set_has_list_value();
+    kind_.list_value_ = list_value;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+}
+
+bool Value::has_kind() const {
+  return kind_case() != KIND_NOT_SET;
+}
+void Value::clear_has_kind() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = KIND_NOT_SET;
+}
+Value::KindCase Value::kind_case() const {
+  return Value::KindCase(_oneof_case_[0]);
+}
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int ListValue::kValuesFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+ListValue::ListValue()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+}
+
+void ListValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+ListValue::ListValue(const ListValue& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+}
+
+void ListValue::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+}
+
+ListValue::~ListValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void ListValue::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void ListValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* ListValue::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return ListValue_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const ListValue& ListValue::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+ListValue* ListValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+ListValue* ListValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  ListValue* n = new ListValue;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void ListValue::Clear() {
+  values_.Clear();
+}
+
+bool ListValue::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_values:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+                input, add_values()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(10)) goto parse_loop_values;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void ListValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->values_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      1, this->values(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* ListValue::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->values_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        1, this->values(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int ListValue::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+  total_size += 1 * this->values_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->values_size(); i++) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        this->values(i));
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void ListValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const ListValue* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const ListValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void ListValue::MergeFrom(const ListValue& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  values_.MergeFrom(from.values_);
+}
+
+void ListValue::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void ListValue::CopyFrom(const ListValue& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool ListValue::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ListValue::Swap(ListValue* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void ListValue::InternalSwap(ListValue* other) {
+  values_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->values_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata ListValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = ListValue_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = ListValue_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// ListValue
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+int ListValue::values_size() const {
+  return values_.size();
+}
+void ListValue::clear_values() {
+  values_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::Value& ListValue::values(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return values_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Value* ListValue::mutable_values(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return values_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Value* ListValue::add_values() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return values_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Value >&
+ListValue::values() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return values_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Value >*
+ListValue::mutable_values() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return &values_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2889c8fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,764 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/struct.proto
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto__INCLUDED
+#define PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto__INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3000000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3000000 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+
+class Struct;
+class Value;
+class ListValue;
+
+enum NullValue {
+  NULL_VALUE = 0,
+  NullValue_INT_MIN_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = ::google::protobuf::kint32min,
+  NullValue_INT_MAX_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = ::google::protobuf::kint32max
+};
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool NullValue_IsValid(int value);
+const NullValue NullValue_MIN = NULL_VALUE;
+const NullValue NullValue_MAX = NULL_VALUE;
+const int NullValue_ARRAYSIZE = NullValue_MAX + 1;
+
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* NullValue_descriptor();
+inline const ::std::string& NullValue_Name(NullValue value) {
+  return ::google::protobuf::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    NullValue_descriptor(), value);
+}
+inline bool NullValue_Parse(
+    const ::std::string& name, NullValue* value) {
+  return ::google::protobuf::internal::ParseNamedEnum<NullValue>(
+    NullValue_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+// ===================================================================
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Struct : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Struct();
+  virtual ~Struct();
+
+  Struct(const Struct& from);
+
+  inline Struct& operator=(const Struct& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Struct& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(Struct* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Struct* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Struct* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Struct& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Struct& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Struct* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
+  int fields_size() const;
+  void clear_fields();
+  static const int kFieldsFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Map< ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value >&
+      fields() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::Map< ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value >*
+      mutable_fields();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Struct)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  typedef ::google::protobuf::internal::MapEntryLite<
+      ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value,
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING,
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+      0 >
+      Struct_FieldsEntry;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MapField<
+      ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value,
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING,
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
+      0 > fields_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Struct* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Value();
+  virtual ~Value();
+
+  Value(const Value& from);
+
+  inline Value& operator=(const Value& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Value& default_instance();
+
+  enum KindCase {
+    kNullValue = 1,
+    kNumberValue = 2,
+    kStringValue = 3,
+    kBoolValue = 4,
+    kStructValue = 5,
+    kListValue = 6,
+    KIND_NOT_SET = 0,
+  };
+
+  void Swap(Value* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Value* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Value* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Value& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Value& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Value* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
+  private:
+  bool has_null_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_null_value();
+  static const int kNullValueFieldNumber = 1;
+  ::google::protobuf::NullValue null_value() const;
+  void set_null_value(::google::protobuf::NullValue value);
+
+  // optional double number_value = 2;
+  private:
+  bool has_number_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_number_value();
+  static const int kNumberValueFieldNumber = 2;
+  double number_value() const;
+  void set_number_value(double value);
+
+  // optional string string_value = 3;
+  private:
+  bool has_string_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_string_value();
+  static const int kStringValueFieldNumber = 3;
+  const ::std::string& string_value() const;
+  void set_string_value(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_string_value(const char* value);
+  void set_string_value(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_string_value();
+  ::std::string* release_string_value();
+  void set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value);
+
+  // optional bool bool_value = 4;
+  private:
+  bool has_bool_value() const;
+  public:
+  void clear_bool_value();
+  static const int kBoolValueFieldNumber = 4;
+  bool bool_value() const;
+  void set_bool_value(bool value);
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
+  bool has_struct_value() const;
+  void clear_struct_value();
+  static const int kStructValueFieldNumber = 5;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Struct& struct_value() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::Struct* mutable_struct_value();
+  ::google::protobuf::Struct* release_struct_value();
+  void set_allocated_struct_value(::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value);
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
+  bool has_list_value() const;
+  void clear_list_value();
+  static const int kListValueFieldNumber = 6;
+  const ::google::protobuf::ListValue& list_value() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::ListValue* mutable_list_value();
+  ::google::protobuf::ListValue* release_list_value();
+  void set_allocated_list_value(::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value);
+
+  KindCase kind_case() const;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Value)
+ private:
+  inline void set_has_null_value();
+  inline void set_has_number_value();
+  inline void set_has_string_value();
+  inline void set_has_bool_value();
+  inline void set_has_struct_value();
+  inline void set_has_list_value();
+
+  inline bool has_kind() const;
+  void clear_kind();
+  inline void clear_has_kind();
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  union KindUnion {
+    KindUnion() {}
+    int null_value_;
+    double number_value_;
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr string_value_;
+    bool bool_value_;
+    ::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value_;
+    ::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value_;
+  } kind_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _oneof_case_[1];
+
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Value* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ListValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  ListValue();
+  virtual ~ListValue();
+
+  ListValue(const ListValue& from);
+
+  inline ListValue& operator=(const ListValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const ListValue& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(ListValue* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline ListValue* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  ListValue* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const ListValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ListValue& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(ListValue* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+  int values_size() const;
+  void clear_values();
+  static const int kValuesFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Value& values(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::Value* mutable_values(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::Value* add_values();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Value >&
+      values() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Value >*
+      mutable_values();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Value > values_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static ListValue* default_instance_;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Struct
+
+// map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
+inline int Struct::fields_size() const {
+  return fields_.size();
+}
+inline void Struct::clear_fields() {
+  fields_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::Map< ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value >&
+Struct::fields() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_map:google.protobuf.Struct.fields)
+  return fields_.GetMap();
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Map< ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value >*
+Struct::mutable_fields() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_map:google.protobuf.Struct.fields)
+  return fields_.MutableMap();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Value
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
+inline bool Value::has_null_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kNullValue;
+}
+inline void Value::set_has_null_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kNullValue;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_null_value() {
+  if (has_null_value()) {
+    kind_.null_value_ = 0;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::NullValue Value::null_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.null_value)
+  if (has_null_value()) {
+    return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::NullValue >(kind_.null_value_);
+  }
+  return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::NullValue >(0);
+}
+inline void Value::set_null_value(::google::protobuf::NullValue value) {
+  if (!has_null_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_null_value();
+  }
+  kind_.null_value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.null_value)
+}
+
+// optional double number_value = 2;
+inline bool Value::has_number_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kNumberValue;
+}
+inline void Value::set_has_number_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kNumberValue;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_number_value() {
+  if (has_number_value()) {
+    kind_.number_value_ = 0;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+inline double Value::number_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.number_value)
+  if (has_number_value()) {
+    return kind_.number_value_;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+inline void Value::set_number_value(double value) {
+  if (!has_number_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_number_value();
+  }
+  kind_.number_value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.number_value)
+}
+
+// optional string string_value = 3;
+inline bool Value::has_string_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kStringValue;
+}
+inline void Value::set_has_string_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kStringValue;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_string_value() {
+  if (has_string_value()) {
+    kind_.string_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Value::string_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  if (has_string_value()) {
+    return kind_.string_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  return *&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited();
+}
+inline void Value::set_string_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  if (!has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  kind_.string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+inline void Value::set_string_value(const char* value) {
+  if (!has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  kind_.string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+inline void Value::set_string_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  if (!has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  kind_.string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Value::mutable_string_value() {
+  if (!has_string_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  return kind_.string_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Value::release_string_value() {
+  if (has_string_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+    return kind_.string_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+inline void Value::set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value) {
+  if (!has_string_value()) {
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  clear_kind();
+  if (string_value != NULL) {
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+        string_value);
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
+
+// optional bool bool_value = 4;
+inline bool Value::has_bool_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kBoolValue;
+}
+inline void Value::set_has_bool_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kBoolValue;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_bool_value() {
+  if (has_bool_value()) {
+    kind_.bool_value_ = false;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+inline bool Value::bool_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.bool_value)
+  if (has_bool_value()) {
+    return kind_.bool_value_;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+inline void Value::set_bool_value(bool value) {
+  if (!has_bool_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_bool_value();
+  }
+  kind_.bool_value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.bool_value)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
+inline bool Value::has_struct_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kStructValue;
+}
+inline void Value::set_has_struct_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kStructValue;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_struct_value() {
+  if (has_struct_value()) {
+    delete kind_.struct_value_;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::Struct& Value::struct_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+  return has_struct_value() ? *kind_.struct_value_
+                      : ::google::protobuf::Struct::default_instance();
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Struct* Value::mutable_struct_value() {
+  if (!has_struct_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_struct_value();
+    kind_.struct_value_ = new ::google::protobuf::Struct;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+  return kind_.struct_value_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Struct* Value::release_struct_value() {
+  if (has_struct_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+    ::google::protobuf::Struct* temp = kind_.struct_value_;
+    kind_.struct_value_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+inline void Value::set_allocated_struct_value(::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value) {
+  clear_kind();
+  if (struct_value) {
+    set_has_struct_value();
+    kind_.struct_value_ = struct_value;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
+inline bool Value::has_list_value() const {
+  return kind_case() == kListValue;
+}
+inline void Value::set_has_list_value() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = kListValue;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_list_value() {
+  if (has_list_value()) {
+    delete kind_.list_value_;
+    clear_has_kind();
+  }
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::ListValue& Value::list_value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+  return has_list_value() ? *kind_.list_value_
+                      : ::google::protobuf::ListValue::default_instance();
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::ListValue* Value::mutable_list_value() {
+  if (!has_list_value()) {
+    clear_kind();
+    set_has_list_value();
+    kind_.list_value_ = new ::google::protobuf::ListValue;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+  return kind_.list_value_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::ListValue* Value::release_list_value() {
+  if (has_list_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+    ::google::protobuf::ListValue* temp = kind_.list_value_;
+    kind_.list_value_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+inline void Value::set_allocated_list_value(::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value) {
+  clear_kind();
+  if (list_value) {
+    set_has_list_value();
+    kind_.list_value_ = list_value;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+}
+
+inline bool Value::has_kind() const {
+  return kind_case() != KIND_NOT_SET;
+}
+inline void Value::clear_has_kind() {
+  _oneof_case_[0] = KIND_NOT_SET;
+}
+inline Value::KindCase Value::kind_case() const {
+  return Value::KindCase(_oneof_case_[0]);
+}
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// ListValue
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+inline int ListValue::values_size() const {
+  return values_.size();
+}
+inline void ListValue::clear_values() {
+  values_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::Value& ListValue::values(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return values_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Value* ListValue::mutable_values(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return values_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Value* ListValue::add_values() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return values_.Add();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Value >&
+ListValue::values() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return values_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Value >*
+ListValue::mutable_values() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.ListValue.values)
+  return &values_;
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#ifndef SWIG
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< ::google::protobuf::NullValue> : ::google::protobuf::internal::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< ::google::protobuf::NullValue>() {
+  return ::google::protobuf::NullValue_descriptor();
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // SWIG
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto__INCLUDED
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto b/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ff10cd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "StructProto";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+
+// `Struct` represents a structured data value, consisting of fields
+// which map to dynamically typed values. In some languages, `Struct`
+// might be supported by a native representation. For example, in
+// scripting languages like JS a struct is represented as an
+// object. The details of that representation are described together
+// with the proto support for the language.
+message Struct {
+  // Map of dynamically typed values.
+  map<string, Value> fields = 1;
+}
+
+// `Value` represents a dynamically typed value which can be either
+// null, a number, a string, a boolean, a recursive struct value, or a
+// list of values. A producer of value is expected to set one of that
+// variants, absence of any variant indicates an error.
+message Value {
+  oneof kind {
+    // Represents a null value.
+    NullValue null_value = 1;
+
+    // Represents a double value.
+    double number_value = 2;
+
+    // Represents a string value.
+    string string_value = 3;
+
+    // Represents a boolean value.
+    bool bool_value = 4;
+
+    // Represents a structured value.
+    Struct struct_value = 5;
+
+    // Represents a repeated `Value`.
+    ListValue list_value = 6;
+  }
+}
+
+// `ListValue` is a wrapper around a repeated field of values.
+message ListValue {
+  // Repeated field of dynamically typed values.
+  repeated Value values = 1;
+}
+
+// `NullValue` is a singleton enumeration to represent the null
+// value for the `Value` type union.
+enum NullValue {
+  // Null value.
+  NULL_VALUE = 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops.h
index bbe2d845..cd20caac 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops.h
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 // Don't include this file for people not concerned about thread safety.
 #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREAD_SAFETY
 
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h>
 
 namespace google {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_generic_gcc.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_generic_gcc.h
index dd7abf6f..a0116a60 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_generic_gcc.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_generic_gcc.h
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ inline Atomic32 Barrier_AtomicIncrement(volatile Atomic32* ptr,
 inline Atomic32 Acquire_CompareAndSwap(volatile Atomic32* ptr,
                                        Atomic32 old_value,
                                        Atomic32 new_value) {
-  __atomic_compare_exchange(ptr, &old_value, &new_value, true,
-                            __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+  __atomic_compare_exchange_n(ptr, &old_value, new_value, true,
+                              __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
   return old_value;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_mips_gcc.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_mips_gcc.h
index e3cd14cf..f5837c9e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_mips_gcc.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_mips_gcc.h
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ inline Atomic32 NoBarrier_CompareAndSwap(volatile Atomic32* ptr,
                        "2:\n"
                        ".set pop\n"
                        : "=&r" (prev), "=m" (*ptr), "=&r" (tmp)
-                       : "Ir" (old_value), "r" (new_value), "m" (*ptr)
+                       : "r" (old_value), "r" (new_value), "m" (*ptr)
                        : "memory");
   return prev;
 }
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ inline Atomic64 NoBarrier_CompareAndSwap(volatile Atomic64* ptr,
                        "2:\n"
                        ".set pop\n"
                        : "=&r" (prev), "=m" (*ptr), "=&r" (tmp)
-                       : "Ir" (old_value), "r" (new_value), "m" (*ptr)
+                       : "r" (old_value), "r" (new_value), "m" (*ptr)
                        : "memory");
   return prev;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_pnacl.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_pnacl.h
index b10ac02c..3b314fd0 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_pnacl.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops_internals_pnacl.h
@@ -33,39 +33,197 @@
 #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ATOMICOPS_INTERNALS_PNACL_H_
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ATOMICOPS_INTERNALS_PNACL_H_
 
+#include <atomic>
+
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
 namespace internal {
 
+// This implementation is transitional and maintains the original API for
+// atomicops.h. This requires casting memory locations to the atomic types, and
+// assumes that the API and the C++11 implementation are layout-compatible,
+// which isn't true for all implementations or hardware platforms. The static
+// assertion should detect this issue, were it to fire then this header
+// shouldn't be used.
+//
+// TODO(jfb) If this header manages to stay committed then the API should be
+//           modified, and all call sites updated.
+typedef volatile std::atomic<Atomic32>* AtomicLocation32;
+static_assert(sizeof(*(AtomicLocation32) nullptr) == sizeof(Atomic32),
+              "incompatible 32-bit atomic layout");
+
+inline void MemoryBarrier() {
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+  // Work around libstdc++ bug 51038 where atomic_thread_fence was declared but
+  // not defined, leading to the linker complaining about undefined references.
+  __atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
+#else
+  std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
+#endif
+}
+
 inline Atomic32 NoBarrier_CompareAndSwap(volatile Atomic32* ptr,
                                          Atomic32 old_value,
                                          Atomic32 new_value) {
-  return __sync_val_compare_and_swap(ptr, old_value, new_value);
+  ((AtomicLocation32)ptr)
+      ->compare_exchange_strong(old_value,
+                                new_value,
+                                std::memory_order_relaxed,
+                                std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  return old_value;
 }
 
-inline void MemoryBarrier() {
-  __sync_synchronize();
+inline Atomic32 NoBarrier_AtomicExchange(volatile Atomic32* ptr,
+                                         Atomic32 new_value) {
+  return ((AtomicLocation32)ptr)
+      ->exchange(new_value, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+inline Atomic32 NoBarrier_AtomicIncrement(volatile Atomic32* ptr,
+                                          Atomic32 increment) {
+  return increment +
+         ((AtomicLocation32)ptr)
+             ->fetch_add(increment, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+inline Atomic32 Barrier_AtomicIncrement(volatile Atomic32* ptr,
+                                        Atomic32 increment) {
+  return increment + ((AtomicLocation32)ptr)->fetch_add(increment);
 }
 
 inline Atomic32 Acquire_CompareAndSwap(volatile Atomic32* ptr,
                                        Atomic32 old_value,
                                        Atomic32 new_value) {
-  Atomic32 ret = NoBarrier_CompareAndSwap(ptr, old_value, new_value);
+  ((AtomicLocation32)ptr)
+      ->compare_exchange_strong(old_value,
+                                new_value,
+                                std::memory_order_acquire,
+                                std::memory_order_acquire);
+  return old_value;
+}
+
+inline Atomic32 Release_CompareAndSwap(volatile Atomic32* ptr,
+                                       Atomic32 old_value,
+                                       Atomic32 new_value) {
+  ((AtomicLocation32)ptr)
+      ->compare_exchange_strong(old_value,
+                                new_value,
+                                std::memory_order_release,
+                                std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  return old_value;
+}
+
+inline void NoBarrier_Store(volatile Atomic32* ptr, Atomic32 value) {
+  ((AtomicLocation32)ptr)->store(value, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+inline void Acquire_Store(volatile Atomic32* ptr, Atomic32 value) {
+  ((AtomicLocation32)ptr)->store(value, std::memory_order_relaxed);
   MemoryBarrier();
-  return ret;
 }
 
 inline void Release_Store(volatile Atomic32* ptr, Atomic32 value) {
-  MemoryBarrier();
-  *ptr = value;
+  ((AtomicLocation32)ptr)->store(value, std::memory_order_release);
+}
+
+inline Atomic32 NoBarrier_Load(volatile const Atomic32* ptr) {
+  return ((AtomicLocation32)ptr)->load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
 }
 
 inline Atomic32 Acquire_Load(volatile const Atomic32* ptr) {
-  Atomic32 value = *ptr;
+  return ((AtomicLocation32)ptr)->load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+}
+
+inline Atomic32 Release_Load(volatile const Atomic32* ptr) {
+  MemoryBarrier();
+  return ((AtomicLocation32)ptr)->load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_64_BIT)
+
+typedef volatile std::atomic<Atomic64>* AtomicLocation64;
+static_assert(sizeof(*(AtomicLocation64) nullptr) == sizeof(Atomic64),
+              "incompatible 64-bit atomic layout");
+
+inline Atomic64 NoBarrier_CompareAndSwap(volatile Atomic64* ptr,
+                                         Atomic64 old_value,
+                                         Atomic64 new_value) {
+  ((AtomicLocation64)ptr)
+      ->compare_exchange_strong(old_value,
+                                new_value,
+                                std::memory_order_relaxed,
+                                std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  return old_value;
+}
+
+inline Atomic64 NoBarrier_AtomicExchange(volatile Atomic64* ptr,
+                                         Atomic64 new_value) {
+  return ((AtomicLocation64)ptr)
+      ->exchange(new_value, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+inline Atomic64 NoBarrier_AtomicIncrement(volatile Atomic64* ptr,
+                                          Atomic64 increment) {
+  return increment +
+         ((AtomicLocation64)ptr)
+             ->fetch_add(increment, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+inline Atomic64 Barrier_AtomicIncrement(volatile Atomic64* ptr,
+                                        Atomic64 increment) {
+  return increment + ((AtomicLocation64)ptr)->fetch_add(increment);
+}
+
+inline Atomic64 Acquire_CompareAndSwap(volatile Atomic64* ptr,
+                                       Atomic64 old_value,
+                                       Atomic64 new_value) {
+  ((AtomicLocation64)ptr)
+      ->compare_exchange_strong(old_value,
+                                new_value,
+                                std::memory_order_acquire,
+                                std::memory_order_acquire);
+  return old_value;
+}
+
+inline Atomic64 Release_CompareAndSwap(volatile Atomic64* ptr,
+                                       Atomic64 old_value,
+                                       Atomic64 new_value) {
+  ((AtomicLocation64)ptr)
+      ->compare_exchange_strong(old_value,
+                                new_value,
+                                std::memory_order_release,
+                                std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  return old_value;
+}
+
+inline void NoBarrier_Store(volatile Atomic64* ptr, Atomic64 value) {
+  ((AtomicLocation64)ptr)->store(value, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+inline void Acquire_Store(volatile Atomic64* ptr, Atomic64 value) {
+  ((AtomicLocation64)ptr)->store(value, std::memory_order_relaxed);
   MemoryBarrier();
-  return value;
 }
 
+inline void Release_Store(volatile Atomic64* ptr, Atomic64 value) {
+  ((AtomicLocation64)ptr)->store(value, std::memory_order_release);
+}
+
+inline Atomic64 NoBarrier_Load(volatile const Atomic64* ptr) {
+  return ((AtomicLocation64)ptr)->load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+inline Atomic64 Acquire_Load(volatile const Atomic64* ptr) {
+  return ((AtomicLocation64)ptr)->load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+}
+
+inline Atomic64 Release_Load(volatile const Atomic64* ptr) {
+  MemoryBarrier();
+  return ((AtomicLocation64)ptr)->load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+#endif  // defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_ARCH_64_BIT)
+
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4af6a50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace strings {
+
+void ByteSource::CopyTo(ByteSink* sink, size_t n) {
+  while (n > 0) {
+    StringPiece fragment = Peek();
+    if (fragment.empty()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "ByteSource::CopyTo() overran input.";
+      break;
+    }
+    std::size_t fragment_size = std::min<std::size_t>(n, fragment.size());
+    sink->Append(fragment.data(), fragment_size);
+    Skip(fragment_size);
+    n -= fragment_size;
+  }
+}
+
+void ByteSink::Flush() {}
+
+void UncheckedArrayByteSink::Append(const char* data, size_t n) {
+  if (data != dest_) {
+    // Catch cases where the pointer returned by GetAppendBuffer() was modified.
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!(dest_ <= data && data < (dest_ + n)))
+        << "Append() data[] overlaps with dest_[]";
+    memcpy(dest_, data, n);
+  }
+  dest_ += n;
+}
+
+CheckedArrayByteSink::CheckedArrayByteSink(char* outbuf, size_t capacity)
+    : outbuf_(outbuf), capacity_(capacity), size_(0), overflowed_(false) {
+}
+
+void CheckedArrayByteSink::Append(const char* bytes, size_t n) {
+  size_t available = capacity_ - size_;
+  if (n > available) {
+    n = available;
+    overflowed_ = true;
+  }
+  if (n > 0 && bytes != (outbuf_ + size_)) {
+    // Catch cases where the pointer returned by GetAppendBuffer() was modified.
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!(outbuf_ <= bytes && bytes < (outbuf_ + capacity_)))
+        << "Append() bytes[] overlaps with outbuf_[]";
+    memcpy(outbuf_ + size_, bytes, n);
+  }
+  size_ += n;
+}
+
+GrowingArrayByteSink::GrowingArrayByteSink(size_t estimated_size)
+    : capacity_(estimated_size),
+      buf_(new char[estimated_size]),
+      size_(0) {
+}
+
+GrowingArrayByteSink::~GrowingArrayByteSink() {
+  delete[] buf_;  // Just in case the user didn't call GetBuffer.
+}
+
+void GrowingArrayByteSink::Append(const char* bytes, size_t n) {
+  size_t available = capacity_ - size_;
+  if (bytes != (buf_ + size_)) {
+    // Catch cases where the pointer returned by GetAppendBuffer() was modified.
+    // We need to test for this before calling Expand() which may reallocate.
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(!(buf_ <= bytes && bytes < (buf_ + capacity_)))
+        << "Append() bytes[] overlaps with buf_[]";
+  }
+  if (n > available) {
+    Expand(n - available);
+  }
+  if (n > 0 && bytes != (buf_ + size_)) {
+    memcpy(buf_ + size_, bytes, n);
+  }
+  size_ += n;
+}
+
+char* GrowingArrayByteSink::GetBuffer(size_t* nbytes) {
+  ShrinkToFit();
+  char* b = buf_;
+  *nbytes = size_;
+  buf_ = NULL;
+  size_ = capacity_ = 0;
+  return b;
+}
+
+void GrowingArrayByteSink::Expand(size_t amount) {  // Expand by at least 50%.
+  size_t new_capacity = std::max(capacity_ + amount, (3 * capacity_) / 2);
+  char* bigger = new char[new_capacity];
+  memcpy(bigger, buf_, size_);
+  delete[] buf_;
+  buf_ = bigger;
+  capacity_ = new_capacity;
+}
+
+void GrowingArrayByteSink::ShrinkToFit() {
+  // Shrink only if the buffer is large and size_ is less than 3/4
+  // of capacity_.
+  if (capacity_ > 256 && size_ < (3 * capacity_) / 4) {
+    char* just_enough = new char[size_];
+    memcpy(just_enough, buf_, size_);
+    delete[] buf_;
+    buf_ = just_enough;
+    capacity_ = size_;
+  }
+}
+
+void StringByteSink::Append(const char* data, size_t n) {
+  dest_->append(data, n);
+}
+
+size_t ArrayByteSource::Available() const {
+  return input_.size();
+}
+
+StringPiece ArrayByteSource::Peek() {
+  return input_;
+}
+
+void ArrayByteSource::Skip(size_t n) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(n, input_.size());
+  input_.remove_prefix(n);
+}
+
+LimitByteSource::LimitByteSource(ByteSource *source, size_t limit)
+  : source_(source),
+    limit_(limit) {
+}
+
+size_t LimitByteSource::Available() const {
+  size_t available = source_->Available();
+  if (available > limit_) {
+    available = limit_;
+  }
+
+  return available;
+}
+
+StringPiece LimitByteSource::Peek() {
+  StringPiece piece(source_->Peek());
+  if (piece.size() > limit_) {
+    piece.set(piece.data(), limit_);
+  }
+
+  return piece;
+}
+
+void LimitByteSource::Skip(size_t n) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(n, limit_);
+  source_->Skip(n);
+  limit_ -= n;
+}
+
+void LimitByteSource::CopyTo(ByteSink *sink, size_t n) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(n, limit_);
+  source_->CopyTo(sink, n);
+  limit_ -= n;
+}
+
+}  // namespace strings
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de8e0204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// This file declares the ByteSink and ByteSource abstract interfaces. These
+// interfaces represent objects that consume (ByteSink) or produce (ByteSource)
+// a sequence of bytes. Using these abstract interfaces in your APIs can help
+// make your code work with a variety of input and output types.
+//
+// This file also declares the following commonly used implementations of these
+// interfaces.
+//
+//   ByteSink:
+//      UncheckedArrayByteSink  Writes to an array, without bounds checking
+//      CheckedArrayByteSink    Writes to an array, with bounds checking
+//      GrowingArrayByteSink    Allocates and writes to a growable buffer
+//      StringByteSink          Writes to an STL string
+//      NullByteSink            Consumes a never-ending stream of bytes
+//
+//   ByteSource:
+//      ArrayByteSource         Reads from an array or string/StringPiece
+//      LimitedByteSource       Limits the number of bytes read from an
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_BYTESTREAM_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_BYTESTREAM_H_
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+class CordByteSink;
+class MemBlock;
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace strings {
+
+// An abstract interface for an object that consumes a sequence of bytes. This
+// interface offers 3 different ways to append data, and a Flush() function.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   string my_data;
+//   ...
+//   ByteSink* sink = ...
+//   sink->Append(my_data.data(), my_data.size());
+//   sink->Flush();
+//
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ByteSink {
+ public:
+  ByteSink() {}
+  virtual ~ByteSink() {}
+
+  // Appends the "n" bytes starting at "bytes".
+  virtual void Append(const char* bytes, size_t n) = 0;
+
+  // Flushes internal buffers. The default implemenation does nothing. ByteSink
+  // subclasses may use internal buffers that require calling Flush() at the end
+  // of the stream.
+  virtual void Flush();
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ByteSink);
+};
+
+// An abstract interface for an object that produces a fixed-size sequence of
+// bytes.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   ByteSource* source = ...
+//   while (source->Available() > 0) {
+//     StringPiece data = source->Peek();
+//     ... do something with "data" ...
+//     source->Skip(data.length());
+//   }
+//
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ByteSource {
+ public:
+  ByteSource() {}
+  virtual ~ByteSource() {}
+
+  // Returns the number of bytes left to read from the source. Available()
+  // should decrease by N each time Skip(N) is called. Available() may not
+  // increase. Available() returning 0 indicates that the ByteSource is
+  // exhausted.
+  //
+  // Note: Size() may have been a more appropriate name as it's more
+  //       indicative of the fixed-size nature of a ByteSource.
+  virtual size_t Available() const = 0;
+
+  // Returns a StringPiece of the next contiguous region of the source. Does not
+  // reposition the source. The returned region is empty iff Available() == 0.
+  //
+  // The returned region is valid until the next call to Skip() or until this
+  // object is destroyed, whichever occurs first.
+  //
+  // The length of the returned StringPiece will be <= Available().
+  virtual StringPiece Peek() = 0;
+
+  // Skips the next n bytes. Invalidates any StringPiece returned by a previous
+  // call to Peek().
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: Available() >= n
+  virtual void Skip(size_t n) = 0;
+
+  // Writes the next n bytes in this ByteSource to the given ByteSink, and
+  // advances this ByteSource past the copied bytes. The default implementation
+  // of this method just copies the bytes normally, but subclasses might
+  // override CopyTo to optimize certain cases.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: Available() >= n
+  virtual void CopyTo(ByteSink* sink, size_t n);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ByteSource);
+};
+
+//
+// Some commonly used implementations of ByteSink
+//
+
+// Implementation of ByteSink that writes to an unsized byte array. No
+// bounds-checking is performed--it is the caller's responsibility to ensure
+// that the destination array is large enough.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   char buf[10];
+//   UncheckedArrayByteSink sink(buf);
+//   sink.Append("hi", 2);    // OK
+//   sink.Append(data, 100);  // WOOPS! Overflows buf[10].
+//
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UncheckedArrayByteSink : public ByteSink {
+ public:
+  explicit UncheckedArrayByteSink(char* dest) : dest_(dest) {}
+  virtual void Append(const char* data, size_t n);
+
+  // Returns the current output pointer so that a caller can see how many bytes
+  // were produced.
+  //
+  // Note: this method is not part of the ByteSink interface.
+  char* CurrentDestination() const { return dest_; }
+
+ private:
+  char* dest_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(UncheckedArrayByteSink);
+};
+
+// Implementation of ByteSink that writes to a sized byte array. This sink will
+// not write more than "capacity" bytes to outbuf. Once "capacity" bytes are
+// appended, subsequent bytes will be ignored and Overflowed() will return true.
+// Overflowed() does not cause a runtime error (i.e., it does not CHECK fail).
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   char buf[10];
+//   CheckedArrayByteSink sink(buf, 10);
+//   sink.Append("hi", 2);    // OK
+//   sink.Append(data, 100);  // Will only write 8 more bytes
+//
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CheckedArrayByteSink : public ByteSink {
+ public:
+  CheckedArrayByteSink(char* outbuf, size_t capacity);
+  virtual void Append(const char* bytes, size_t n);
+
+  // Returns the number of bytes actually written to the sink.
+  size_t NumberOfBytesWritten() const { return size_; }
+
+  // Returns true if any bytes were discarded, i.e., if there was an
+  // attempt to write more than 'capacity' bytes.
+  bool Overflowed() const { return overflowed_; }
+
+ private:
+  char* outbuf_;
+  const size_t capacity_;
+  size_t size_;
+  bool overflowed_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CheckedArrayByteSink);
+};
+
+// Implementation of ByteSink that allocates an internal buffer (a char array)
+// and expands it as needed to accomodate appended data (similar to a string),
+// and allows the caller to take ownership of the internal buffer via the
+// GetBuffer() method. The buffer returned from GetBuffer() must be deleted by
+// the caller with delete[]. GetBuffer() also sets the internal buffer to be
+// empty, and subsequent appends to the sink will create a new buffer. The
+// destructor will free the internal buffer if GetBuffer() was not called.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   GrowingArrayByteSink sink(10);
+//   sink.Append("hi", 2);
+//   sink.Append(data, n);
+//   const char* buf = sink.GetBuffer();  // Ownership transferred
+//   delete[] buf;
+//
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GrowingArrayByteSink : public strings::ByteSink {
+ public:
+  explicit GrowingArrayByteSink(size_t estimated_size);
+  virtual ~GrowingArrayByteSink();
+  virtual void Append(const char* bytes, size_t n);
+
+  // Returns the allocated buffer, and sets nbytes to its size. The caller takes
+  // ownership of the buffer and must delete it with delete[].
+  char* GetBuffer(size_t* nbytes);
+
+ private:
+  void Expand(size_t amount);
+  void ShrinkToFit();
+
+  size_t capacity_;
+  char* buf_;
+  size_t size_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(GrowingArrayByteSink);
+};
+
+// Implementation of ByteSink that appends to the given string.
+// Existing contents of "dest" are not modified; new data is appended.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   string dest = "Hello ";
+//   StringByteSink sink(&dest);
+//   sink.Append("World", 5);
+//   assert(dest == "Hello World");
+//
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT StringByteSink : public ByteSink {
+ public:
+  explicit StringByteSink(string* dest) : dest_(dest) {}
+  virtual void Append(const char* data, size_t n);
+
+ private:
+  string* dest_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(StringByteSink);
+};
+
+// Implementation of ByteSink that discards all data.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   NullByteSink sink;
+//   sink.Append(data, data.size());  // All data ignored.
+//
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT NullByteSink : public ByteSink {
+ public:
+  NullByteSink() {}
+  virtual void Append(const char *data, size_t n) {}
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(NullByteSink);
+};
+
+//
+// Some commonly used implementations of ByteSource
+//
+
+// Implementation of ByteSource that reads from a StringPiece.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   string data = "Hello";
+//   ArrayByteSource source(data);
+//   assert(source.Available() == 5);
+//   assert(source.Peek() == "Hello");
+//
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ArrayByteSource : public ByteSource {
+ public:
+  explicit ArrayByteSource(StringPiece s) : input_(s) {}
+
+  virtual size_t Available() const;
+  virtual StringPiece Peek();
+  virtual void Skip(size_t n);
+
+ private:
+  StringPiece   input_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ArrayByteSource);
+};
+
+// Implementation of ByteSource that wraps another ByteSource, limiting the
+// number of bytes returned.
+//
+// The caller maintains ownership of the underlying source, and may not use the
+// underlying source while using the LimitByteSource object.  The underlying
+// source's pointer is advanced by n bytes every time this LimitByteSource
+// object is advanced by n.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//   string data = "Hello World";
+//   ArrayByteSource abs(data);
+//   assert(abs.Available() == data.size());
+//
+//   LimitByteSource limit(abs, 5);
+//   assert(limit.Available() == 5);
+//   assert(limit.Peek() == "Hello");
+//
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT LimitByteSource : public ByteSource {
+ public:
+  // Returns at most "limit" bytes from "source".
+  LimitByteSource(ByteSource* source, size_t limit);
+
+  virtual size_t Available() const;
+  virtual StringPiece Peek();
+  virtual void Skip(size_t n);
+
+  // We override CopyTo so that we can forward to the underlying source, in
+  // case it has an efficient implementation of CopyTo.
+  virtual void CopyTo(ByteSink* sink, size_t n);
+
+ private:
+  ByteSource* source_;
+  size_t limit_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace strings
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_BYTESTREAM_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06f114ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace strings {
+namespace {
+
+// We use this class instead of ArrayByteSource to simulate a ByteSource that
+// contains multiple fragments.  ArrayByteSource returns the entire array in
+// one fragment.
+class MockByteSource : public ByteSource {
+ public:
+  MockByteSource(StringPiece data, int block_size)
+    : data_(data), block_size_(block_size) {}
+
+  size_t Available() const { return data_.size(); }
+  StringPiece Peek() {
+    return data_.substr(0, block_size_);
+  }
+  void Skip(size_t n) { data_.remove_prefix(n); }
+
+ private:
+  StringPiece data_;
+  int block_size_;
+};
+
+TEST(ByteSourceTest, CopyTo) {
+  StringPiece data("Hello world!");
+  MockByteSource source(data, 3);
+  string str;
+  StringByteSink sink(&str);
+
+  source.CopyTo(&sink, data.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(data, str);
+}
+
+TEST(ByteSourceTest, CopySubstringTo) {
+  StringPiece data("Hello world!");
+  MockByteSource source(data, 3);
+  source.Skip(1);
+  string str;
+  StringByteSink sink(&str);
+
+  source.CopyTo(&sink, data.size() - 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(data.substr(1, data.size() - 2), str);
+  EXPECT_EQ("!", source.Peek());
+}
+
+TEST(ByteSourceTest, LimitByteSource) {
+  StringPiece data("Hello world!");
+  MockByteSource source(data, 3);
+  LimitByteSource limit_source(&source, 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, limit_source.Available());
+  limit_source.Skip(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, limit_source.Available());
+
+  {
+    string str;
+    StringByteSink sink(&str);
+    limit_source.CopyTo(&sink, limit_source.Available());
+    EXPECT_EQ("ello ", str);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, limit_source.Available());
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, source.Available());
+  }
+
+  {
+    string str;
+    StringByteSink sink(&str);
+    source.CopyTo(&sink, source.Available());
+    EXPECT_EQ("world!", str);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, source.Available());
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ByteSourceTest, CopyToStringByteSink) {
+  StringPiece data("Hello world!");
+  MockByteSource source(data, 3);
+  string str;
+  StringByteSink sink(&str);
+  source.CopyTo(&sink, data.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(data, str);
+}
+
+// Verify that ByteSink is subclassable and Flush() overridable.
+class FlushingByteSink : public StringByteSink {
+ public:
+  explicit FlushingByteSink(string* dest) : StringByteSink(dest) {}
+  virtual void Flush() { Append("z", 1); }
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FlushingByteSink);
+};
+
+// Write and Flush via the ByteSink superclass interface.
+void WriteAndFlush(ByteSink* s) {
+  s->Append("abc", 3);
+  s->Flush();
+}
+
+TEST(ByteSinkTest, Flush) {
+  string str;
+  FlushingByteSink f_sink(&str);
+  WriteAndFlush(&f_sink);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("abcz", str.c_str());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace strings
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c4f9edee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h
@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_CALLBACK_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_CALLBACK_H_
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/type_traits.h>
+
+// ===================================================================
+// emulates google3/base/callback.h
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Abstract interface for a callback.  When calling an RPC, you must provide
+// a Closure to call when the procedure completes.  See the Service interface
+// in service.h.
+//
+// To automatically construct a Closure which calls a particular function or
+// method with a particular set of parameters, use the NewCallback() function.
+// Example:
+//   void FooDone(const FooResponse* response) {
+//     ...
+//   }
+//
+//   void CallFoo() {
+//     ...
+//     // When done, call FooDone() and pass it a pointer to the response.
+//     Closure* callback = NewCallback(&FooDone, response);
+//     // Make the call.
+//     service->Foo(controller, request, response, callback);
+//   }
+//
+// Example that calls a method:
+//   class Handler {
+//    public:
+//     ...
+//
+//     void FooDone(const FooResponse* response) {
+//       ...
+//     }
+//
+//     void CallFoo() {
+//       ...
+//       // When done, call FooDone() and pass it a pointer to the response.
+//       Closure* callback = NewCallback(this, &Handler::FooDone, response);
+//       // Make the call.
+//       service->Foo(controller, request, response, callback);
+//     }
+//   };
+//
+// Currently NewCallback() supports binding zero, one, or two arguments.
+//
+// Callbacks created with NewCallback() automatically delete themselves when
+// executed.  They should be used when a callback is to be called exactly
+// once (usually the case with RPC callbacks).  If a callback may be called
+// a different number of times (including zero), create it with
+// NewPermanentCallback() instead.  You are then responsible for deleting the
+// callback (using the "delete" keyword as normal).
+//
+// Note that NewCallback() is a bit touchy regarding argument types.  Generally,
+// the values you provide for the parameter bindings must exactly match the
+// types accepted by the callback function.  For example:
+//   void Foo(string s);
+//   NewCallback(&Foo, "foo");          // WON'T WORK:  const char* != string
+//   NewCallback(&Foo, string("foo"));  // WORKS
+// Also note that the arguments cannot be references:
+//   void Foo(const string& s);
+//   string my_str;
+//   NewCallback(&Foo, my_str);  // WON'T WORK:  Can't use referecnes.
+// However, correctly-typed pointers will work just fine.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Closure {
+ public:
+  Closure() {}
+  virtual ~Closure();
+
+  virtual void Run() = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Closure);
+};
+
+template<typename R, typename A1>
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ResultCallback1 {
+ public:
+  ResultCallback1() {}
+  virtual ~ResultCallback1() {}
+
+  virtual R Run(A1) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ResultCallback1);
+};
+
+template<typename R, typename A1, typename A2>
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ResultCallback2 {
+ public:
+  ResultCallback2() {}
+  virtual ~ResultCallback2() {}
+
+  virtual R Run(A1,A2) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ResultCallback2);
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FunctionClosure0 : public Closure {
+ public:
+  typedef void (*FunctionType)();
+
+  FunctionClosure0(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting)
+    : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting) {}
+  ~FunctionClosure0();
+
+  void Run() {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    function_();
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FunctionType function_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+};
+
+template <typename Class>
+class MethodClosure0 : public Closure {
+ public:
+  typedef void (Class::*MethodType)();
+
+  MethodClosure0(Class* object, MethodType method, bool self_deleting)
+    : object_(object), method_(method), self_deleting_(self_deleting) {}
+  ~MethodClosure0() {}
+
+  void Run() {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    (object_->*method_)();
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Class* object_;
+  MethodType method_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+};
+
+template <typename Arg1>
+class FunctionClosure1 : public Closure {
+ public:
+  typedef void (*FunctionType)(Arg1 arg1);
+
+  FunctionClosure1(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting,
+                   Arg1 arg1)
+    : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting),
+      arg1_(arg1) {}
+  ~FunctionClosure1() {}
+
+  void Run() {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    function_(arg1_);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FunctionType function_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  Arg1 arg1_;
+};
+
+template <typename Class, typename Arg1>
+class MethodClosure1 : public Closure {
+ public:
+  typedef void (Class::*MethodType)(Arg1 arg1);
+
+  MethodClosure1(Class* object, MethodType method, bool self_deleting,
+                 Arg1 arg1)
+    : object_(object), method_(method), self_deleting_(self_deleting),
+      arg1_(arg1) {}
+  ~MethodClosure1() {}
+
+  void Run() {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    (object_->*method_)(arg1_);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Class* object_;
+  MethodType method_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  Arg1 arg1_;
+};
+
+template <typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
+class FunctionClosure2 : public Closure {
+ public:
+  typedef void (*FunctionType)(Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2);
+
+  FunctionClosure2(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting,
+                   Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2)
+    : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting),
+      arg1_(arg1), arg2_(arg2) {}
+  ~FunctionClosure2() {}
+
+  void Run() {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    function_(arg1_, arg2_);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FunctionType function_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  Arg1 arg1_;
+  Arg2 arg2_;
+};
+
+template <typename Class, typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
+class MethodClosure2 : public Closure {
+ public:
+  typedef void (Class::*MethodType)(Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2);
+
+  MethodClosure2(Class* object, MethodType method, bool self_deleting,
+                 Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2)
+    : object_(object), method_(method), self_deleting_(self_deleting),
+      arg1_(arg1), arg2_(arg2) {}
+  ~MethodClosure2() {}
+
+  void Run() {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    (object_->*method_)(arg1_, arg2_);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Class* object_;
+  MethodType method_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  Arg1 arg1_;
+  Arg2 arg2_;
+};
+
+template<typename R, typename Arg1>
+class FunctionResultCallback_0_1 : public ResultCallback1<R, Arg1> {
+ public:
+  typedef R (*FunctionType)(Arg1 arg1);
+
+  FunctionResultCallback_0_1(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting)
+      : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting) {}
+  ~FunctionResultCallback_0_1() {}
+
+  R Run(Arg1 a1) {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    R result = function_(a1);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FunctionType function_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+};
+
+template<typename R, typename P1, typename A1>
+class FunctionResultCallback_1_1 : public ResultCallback1<R, A1> {
+ public:
+  typedef R (*FunctionType)(P1, A1);
+
+  FunctionResultCallback_1_1(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting,
+                             P1 p1)
+      : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting), p1_(p1) {}
+  ~FunctionResultCallback_1_1() {}
+
+  R Run(A1 a1) {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
+    R result = function_(p1_, a1);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FunctionType function_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  P1 p1_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct InternalConstRef {
+  typedef typename remove_reference<T>::type base_type;
+  typedef const base_type& type;
+};
+
+template <typename R, typename T, typename P1, typename P2, typename P3,
+          typename P4, typename P5, typename A1, typename A2>
+class MethodResultCallback_5_2 : public ResultCallback2<R, A1, A2> {
+ public:
+  typedef R (T::*MethodType)(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, A1, A2);
+  MethodResultCallback_5_2(T* object, MethodType method, bool self_deleting,
+                           P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4, P5 p5)
+      : object_(object),
+        method_(method),
+        self_deleting_(self_deleting),
+        p1_(p1),
+        p2_(p2),
+        p3_(p3),
+        p4_(p4),
+        p5_(p5) {}
+  ~MethodResultCallback_5_2() {}
+
+  R Run(A1 a1, A2 a2) {
+    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;
+    R result = (object_->*method_)(p1_, p2_, p3_, p4_, p5_, a1, a2);
+    if (needs_delete) delete this;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  T* object_;
+  MethodType method_;
+  bool self_deleting_;
+  typename remove_reference<P1>::type p1_;
+  typename remove_reference<P2>::type p2_;
+  typename remove_reference<P3>::type p3_;
+  typename remove_reference<P4>::type p4_;
+  typename remove_reference<P5>::type p5_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// See Closure.
+inline Closure* NewCallback(void (*function)()) {
+  return new internal::FunctionClosure0(function, true);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(void (*function)()) {
+  return new internal::FunctionClosure0(function, false);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Class>
+inline Closure* NewCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)()) {
+  return new internal::MethodClosure0<Class>(object, method, true);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Class>
+inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)()) {
+  return new internal::MethodClosure0<Class>(object, method, false);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Arg1>
+inline Closure* NewCallback(void (*function)(Arg1),
+                            Arg1 arg1) {
+  return new internal::FunctionClosure1<Arg1>(function, true, arg1);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Arg1>
+inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(void (*function)(Arg1),
+                                     Arg1 arg1) {
+  return new internal::FunctionClosure1<Arg1>(function, false, arg1);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Class, typename Arg1>
+inline Closure* NewCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)(Arg1),
+                            Arg1 arg1) {
+  return new internal::MethodClosure1<Class, Arg1>(object, method, true, arg1);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Class, typename Arg1>
+inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)(Arg1),
+                                     Arg1 arg1) {
+  return new internal::MethodClosure1<Class, Arg1>(object, method, false, arg1);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
+inline Closure* NewCallback(void (*function)(Arg1, Arg2),
+                            Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2) {
+  return new internal::FunctionClosure2<Arg1, Arg2>(
+    function, true, arg1, arg2);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
+inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(void (*function)(Arg1, Arg2),
+                                     Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2) {
+  return new internal::FunctionClosure2<Arg1, Arg2>(
+    function, false, arg1, arg2);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Class, typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
+inline Closure* NewCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)(Arg1, Arg2),
+                            Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2) {
+  return new internal::MethodClosure2<Class, Arg1, Arg2>(
+    object, method, true, arg1, arg2);
+}
+
+// See Closure.
+template <typename Class, typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
+inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(
+    Class* object, void (Class::*method)(Arg1, Arg2),
+    Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2) {
+  return new internal::MethodClosure2<Class, Arg1, Arg2>(
+    object, method, false, arg1, arg2);
+}
+
+// See ResultCallback1
+template<typename R, typename A1>
+inline ResultCallback1<R, A1>* NewCallback(R (*function)(A1)) {
+  return new internal::FunctionResultCallback_0_1<R, A1>(function, true);
+}
+
+// See ResultCallback1
+template<typename R, typename A1>
+inline ResultCallback1<R, A1>* NewPermanentCallback(R (*function)(A1)) {
+  return new internal::FunctionResultCallback_0_1<R, A1>(function, false);
+}
+
+// See ResultCallback1
+template<typename R, typename P1, typename A1>
+inline ResultCallback1<R, A1>* NewCallback(R (*function)(P1, A1), P1 p1) {
+  return new internal::FunctionResultCallback_1_1<R, P1, A1>(
+      function, true, p1);
+}
+
+// See ResultCallback1
+template<typename R, typename P1, typename A1>
+inline ResultCallback1<R, A1>* NewPermanentCallback(
+    R (*function)(P1, A1), P1 p1) {
+  return new internal::FunctionResultCallback_1_1<R, P1, A1>(
+      function, false, p1);
+}
+
+// See MethodResultCallback_5_2
+template <typename R, typename T, typename P1, typename P2, typename P3,
+          typename P4, typename P5, typename A1, typename A2>
+inline ResultCallback2<R, A1, A2>* NewPermanentCallback(
+    T* object, R (T::*function)(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, A1, A2),
+    typename internal::InternalConstRef<P1>::type p1,
+    typename internal::InternalConstRef<P2>::type p2,
+    typename internal::InternalConstRef<P3>::type p3,
+    typename internal::InternalConstRef<P4>::type p4,
+    typename internal::InternalConstRef<P5>::type p5) {
+  return new internal::MethodResultCallback_5_2<R, T, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, A1,
+                                                A2>(object, function, false, p1,
+                                                    p2, p3, p4, p5);
+}
+
+// A function which does nothing.  Useful for creating no-op callbacks, e.g.:
+//   Closure* nothing = NewCallback(&DoNothing);
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DoNothing();
+
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_CALLBACK_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h
index cccf65a1..be652849 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h
@@ -111,12 +111,22 @@ inline To down_cast(From& f) {
   return *static_cast<ToAsPointer>(&f);
 }
 
+template<typename To, typename From>
+inline To bit_cast(const From& from) {
+  GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT(sizeof(From) == sizeof(To),
+                        bit_cast_with_different_sizes);
+  To dest;
+  memcpy(&dest, &from, sizeof(dest));
+  return dest;
+}
+
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // We made these internal so that they would show up as such in the docs,
 // but we don't want to stick "internal::" in front of them everywhere.
 using internal::implicit_cast;
 using internal::down_cast;
+using internal::bit_cast;
 
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc
index 54e00ccb..d470fc72 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc
@@ -32,12 +32,13 @@
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "config.h"
-
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN  // We only need minimal includes
 #include <windows.h>
@@ -148,6 +149,27 @@ LogMessage& LogMessage::operator<<(const char* value) {
   return *this;
 }
 
+LogMessage& LogMessage::operator<<(const StringPiece& value) {
+  message_ += value.ToString();
+  return *this;
+}
+
+LogMessage& LogMessage::operator<<(long long value) {
+  message_ += SimpleItoa(value);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+LogMessage& LogMessage::operator<<(unsigned long long value) {
+  message_ += SimpleItoa(value);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+LogMessage& LogMessage::operator<<(
+    const ::google::protobuf::util::Status& status) {
+  message_ += status.ToString();
+  return *this;
+}
+
 // Since this is just for logging, we don't care if the current locale changes
 // the results -- in fact, we probably prefer that.  So we use snprintf()
 // instead of Simple*toa().
@@ -167,7 +189,7 @@ LogMessage& LogMessage::operator<<(const char* value) {
 
 DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(char         , "%c" )
 DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(int          , "%d" )
-DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(uint         , "%u" )
+DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(unsigned int , "%u" )
 DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(long         , "%ld")
 DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(unsigned long, "%lu")
 DECLARE_STREAM_OPERATOR(double       , "%g" )
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h
index c3f735a2..de866e14 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h
@@ -35,18 +35,16 @@
 #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMMON_H__
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMMON_H__
 
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <string>
-#include <string.h>
-#if defined(__osf__)
-// Tru64 lacks stdint.h, but has inttypes.h which defines a superset of
-// what stdint.h would define.
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#elif !defined(_MSC_VER)
-#include <stdint.h>
-#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/port.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h>
+
+// TODO(liujisi): Remove the following includes after the include clean-up.
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/scoped_ptr.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h>
 
 #ifndef PROTOBUF_USE_EXCEPTIONS
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_CPPUNWIND)
@@ -61,6 +59,13 @@
 #if PROTOBUF_USE_EXCEPTIONS
 #include <exception>
 #endif
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <TargetConditionals.h>  // for TARGET_OS_IPHONE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_ANDROID) || (defined(TARGET_OS_IPHONE) && TARGET_OS_IPHONE) || defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_IPHONE)
+#include <pthread.h>
+#endif
 
 #if defined(_WIN32) && defined(GetMessage)
 // Allow GetMessage to be used as a valid method name in protobuf classes.
@@ -79,33 +84,10 @@ inline BOOL GetMessage(
 }
 #endif
 
-
 namespace std {}
 
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
-
-#undef GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS
-#define GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TypeName)    \
-  TypeName(const TypeName&);                           \
-  void operator=(const TypeName&)
-
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS)
-  #ifdef LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORTS
-    #define LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
-  #else
-    #define LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
-  #endif
-  #ifdef LIBPROTOC_EXPORTS
-    #define LIBPROTOC_EXPORT   __declspec(dllexport)
-  #else
-    #define LIBPROTOC_EXPORT   __declspec(dllimport)
-  #endif
-#else
-  #define LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT
-  #define LIBPROTOC_EXPORT
-#endif
-
 namespace internal {
 
 // Some of these constants are macros rather than const ints so that they can
@@ -151,1022 +133,6 @@ std::string LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT VersionString(int version);
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION, GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_LIBRARY_VERSION,         \
     __FILE__)
 
-// ===================================================================
-// from google3/base/port.h
-
-typedef unsigned int uint;
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-typedef __int8  int8;
-typedef __int16 int16;
-typedef __int32 int32;
-typedef __int64 int64;
-
-typedef unsigned __int8  uint8;
-typedef unsigned __int16 uint16;
-typedef unsigned __int32 uint32;
-typedef unsigned __int64 uint64;
-#else
-typedef int8_t  int8;
-typedef int16_t int16;
-typedef int32_t int32;
-typedef int64_t int64;
-
-typedef uint8_t  uint8;
-typedef uint16_t uint16;
-typedef uint32_t uint32;
-typedef uint64_t uint64;
-#endif
-
-// long long macros to be used because gcc and vc++ use different suffixes,
-// and different size specifiers in format strings
-#undef GOOGLE_LONGLONG
-#undef GOOGLE_ULONGLONG
-#undef GOOGLE_LL_FORMAT
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#define GOOGLE_LONGLONG(x) x##I64
-#define GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(x) x##UI64
-#define GOOGLE_LL_FORMAT "I64"  // As in printf("%I64d", ...)
-#else
-#define GOOGLE_LONGLONG(x) x##LL
-#define GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(x) x##ULL
-#define GOOGLE_LL_FORMAT "ll"  // As in "%lld". Note that "q" is poor form also.
-#endif
-
-static const int32 kint32max = 0x7FFFFFFF;
-static const int32 kint32min = -kint32max - 1;
-static const int64 kint64max = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
-static const int64 kint64min = -kint64max - 1;
-static const uint32 kuint32max = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
-static const uint64 kuint64max = GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
-
-// -------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Annotations:  Some parts of the code have been annotated in ways that might
-//   be useful to some compilers or tools, but are not supported universally.
-//   You can #define these annotations yourself if the default implementation
-//   is not right for you.
-
-#ifndef GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 3 ||(__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
-// For functions we want to force inline.
-// Introduced in gcc 3.1.
-#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE __attribute__ ((always_inline))
-#else
-// Other compilers will have to figure it out for themselves.
-#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 3 ||(__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
-// For functions we want to force not inline.
-// Introduced in gcc 3.1.
-#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE __attribute__ ((noinline))
-#else
-// Other compilers will have to figure it out for themselves.
-#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_DEPRECATED
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-// If the method/variable/type is used anywhere, produce a warning.
-#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated))
-#else
-#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_DEPRECATED
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-// Provided at least since GCC 3.0.
-#define GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(x) (__builtin_expect(!!(x), 1))
-#else
-#define GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-// Provided at least since GCC 3.0.
-#define GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(x) (__builtin_expect(!!(x), 1))
-#else
-#define GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE
-#endif
-#endif
-
-// Delimits a block of code which may write to memory which is simultaneously
-// written by other threads, but which has been determined to be thread-safe
-// (e.g. because it is an idempotent write).
-#ifndef GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN
-#define GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN()
-#endif
-#ifndef GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END
-#define GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END()
-#endif
-
-#define GOOGLE_GUARDED_BY(x)
-#define GOOGLE_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED
-#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD
-
-// x86 and x86-64 can perform unaligned loads/stores directly.
-#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__) || \
-    defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__i386__)
-
-#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD16(_p) (*reinterpret_cast<const uint16 *>(_p))
-#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD32(_p) (*reinterpret_cast<const uint32 *>(_p))
-#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(_p) (*reinterpret_cast<const uint64 *>(_p))
-
-#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE16(_p, _val) (*reinterpret_cast<uint16 *>(_p) = (_val))
-#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE32(_p, _val) (*reinterpret_cast<uint32 *>(_p) = (_val))
-#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE64(_p, _val) (*reinterpret_cast<uint64 *>(_p) = (_val))
-
-#else
-inline uint16 GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD16(const void *p) {
-  uint16 t;
-  memcpy(&t, p, sizeof t);
-  return t;
-}
-
-inline uint32 GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD32(const void *p) {
-  uint32 t;
-  memcpy(&t, p, sizeof t);
-  return t;
-}
-
-inline uint64 GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(const void *p) {
-  uint64 t;
-  memcpy(&t, p, sizeof t);
-  return t;
-}
-
-inline void GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE16(void *p, uint16 v) {
-  memcpy(p, &v, sizeof v);
-}
-
-inline void GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE32(void *p, uint32 v) {
-  memcpy(p, &v, sizeof v);
-}
-
-inline void GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE64(void *p, uint64 v) {
-  memcpy(p, &v, sizeof v);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#define GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL __declspec(thread)
-#else
-#define GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL __thread
-#endif
-
-// ===================================================================
-// from google3/base/basictypes.h
-
-// The GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(arr) macro returns the # of elements in an array arr.
-// The expression is a compile-time constant, and therefore can be
-// used in defining new arrays, for example.
-//
-// GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE catches a few type errors.  If you see a compiler error
-//
-//   "warning: division by zero in ..."
-//
-// when using GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE, you are (wrongfully) giving it a pointer.
-// You should only use GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE on statically allocated arrays.
-//
-// The following comments are on the implementation details, and can
-// be ignored by the users.
-//
-// ARRAYSIZE(arr) works by inspecting sizeof(arr) (the # of bytes in
-// the array) and sizeof(*(arr)) (the # of bytes in one array
-// element).  If the former is divisible by the latter, perhaps arr is
-// indeed an array, in which case the division result is the # of
-// elements in the array.  Otherwise, arr cannot possibly be an array,
-// and we generate a compiler error to prevent the code from
-// compiling.
-//
-// Since the size of bool is implementation-defined, we need to cast
-// !(sizeof(a) & sizeof(*(a))) to size_t in order to ensure the final
-// result has type size_t.
-//
-// This macro is not perfect as it wrongfully accepts certain
-// pointers, namely where the pointer size is divisible by the pointee
-// size.  Since all our code has to go through a 32-bit compiler,
-// where a pointer is 4 bytes, this means all pointers to a type whose
-// size is 3 or greater than 4 will be (righteously) rejected.
-//
-// Kudos to Jorg Brown for this simple and elegant implementation.
-
-#undef GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE
-#define GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(a) \
-  ((sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a))) / \
-   static_cast<size_t>(!(sizeof(a) % sizeof(*(a)))))
-
-// The COMPILE_ASSERT macro can be used to verify that a compile time
-// expression is true. For example, you could use it to verify the
-// size of a static array:
-//
-//   COMPILE_ASSERT(ARRAYSIZE(content_type_names) == CONTENT_NUM_TYPES,
-//                  content_type_names_incorrect_size);
-//
-// or to make sure a struct is smaller than a certain size:
-//
-//   COMPILE_ASSERT(sizeof(foo) < 128, foo_too_large);
-//
-// The second argument to the macro is the name of the variable. If
-// the expression is false, most compilers will issue a warning/error
-// containing the name of the variable.
-
-namespace internal {
-
-template <bool>
-struct CompileAssert {
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-#undef GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT
-#define GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT(expr, msg) \
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::CompileAssert<(bool(expr))> \
-          msg[bool(expr) ? 1 : -1]; \
-  (void)msg
-
-
-// Implementation details of COMPILE_ASSERT:
-//
-// - COMPILE_ASSERT works by defining an array type that has -1
-//   elements (and thus is invalid) when the expression is false.
-//
-// - The simpler definition
-//
-//     #define COMPILE_ASSERT(expr, msg) typedef char msg[(expr) ? 1 : -1]
-//
-//   does not work, as gcc supports variable-length arrays whose sizes
-//   are determined at run-time (this is gcc's extension and not part
-//   of the C++ standard).  As a result, gcc fails to reject the
-//   following code with the simple definition:
-//
-//     int foo;
-//     COMPILE_ASSERT(foo, msg); // not supposed to compile as foo is
-//                               // not a compile-time constant.
-//
-// - By using the type CompileAssert<(bool(expr))>, we ensures that
-//   expr is a compile-time constant.  (Template arguments must be
-//   determined at compile-time.)
-//
-// - The outter parentheses in CompileAssert<(bool(expr))> are necessary
-//   to work around a bug in gcc 3.4.4 and 4.0.1.  If we had written
-//
-//     CompileAssert<bool(expr)>
-//
-//   instead, these compilers will refuse to compile
-//
-//     COMPILE_ASSERT(5 > 0, some_message);
-//
-//   (They seem to think the ">" in "5 > 0" marks the end of the
-//   template argument list.)
-//
-// - The array size is (bool(expr) ? 1 : -1), instead of simply
-//
-//     ((expr) ? 1 : -1).
-//
-//   This is to avoid running into a bug in MS VC 7.1, which
-//   causes ((0.0) ? 1 : -1) to incorrectly evaluate to 1.
-
-// ===================================================================
-// from google3/base/scoped_ptr.h
-
-namespace internal {
-
-//  This is an implementation designed to match the anticipated future TR2
-//  implementation of the scoped_ptr class, and its closely-related brethren,
-//  scoped_array, scoped_ptr_malloc, and make_scoped_ptr.
-
-template <class C> class scoped_ptr;
-template <class C> class scoped_array;
-
-// A scoped_ptr<T> is like a T*, except that the destructor of scoped_ptr<T>
-// automatically deletes the pointer it holds (if any).
-// That is, scoped_ptr<T> owns the T object that it points to.
-// Like a T*, a scoped_ptr<T> may hold either NULL or a pointer to a T object.
-//
-// The size of a scoped_ptr is small:
-// sizeof(scoped_ptr<C>) == sizeof(C*)
-template <class C>
-class scoped_ptr {
- public:
-
-  // The element type
-  typedef C element_type;
-
-  // Constructor.  Defaults to initializing with NULL.
-  // There is no way to create an uninitialized scoped_ptr.
-  // The input parameter must be allocated with new.
-  explicit scoped_ptr(C* p = NULL) : ptr_(p) { }
-
-  // Destructor.  If there is a C object, delete it.
-  // We don't need to test ptr_ == NULL because C++ does that for us.
-  ~scoped_ptr() {
-    enum { type_must_be_complete = sizeof(C) };
-    delete ptr_;
-  }
-
-  // Reset.  Deletes the current owned object, if any.
-  // Then takes ownership of a new object, if given.
-  // this->reset(this->get()) works.
-  void reset(C* p = NULL) {
-    if (p != ptr_) {
-      enum { type_must_be_complete = sizeof(C) };
-      delete ptr_;
-      ptr_ = p;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Accessors to get the owned object.
-  // operator* and operator-> will assert() if there is no current object.
-  C& operator*() const {
-    assert(ptr_ != NULL);
-    return *ptr_;
-  }
-  C* operator->() const  {
-    assert(ptr_ != NULL);
-    return ptr_;
-  }
-  C* get() const { return ptr_; }
-
-  // Comparison operators.
-  // These return whether two scoped_ptr refer to the same object, not just to
-  // two different but equal objects.
-  bool operator==(C* p) const { return ptr_ == p; }
-  bool operator!=(C* p) const { return ptr_ != p; }
-
-  // Swap two scoped pointers.
-  void swap(scoped_ptr& p2) {
-    C* tmp = ptr_;
-    ptr_ = p2.ptr_;
-    p2.ptr_ = tmp;
-  }
-
-  // Release a pointer.
-  // The return value is the current pointer held by this object.
-  // If this object holds a NULL pointer, the return value is NULL.
-  // After this operation, this object will hold a NULL pointer,
-  // and will not own the object any more.
-  C* release() {
-    C* retVal = ptr_;
-    ptr_ = NULL;
-    return retVal;
-  }
-
- private:
-  C* ptr_;
-
-  // Forbid comparison of scoped_ptr types.  If C2 != C, it totally doesn't
-  // make sense, and if C2 == C, it still doesn't make sense because you should
-  // never have the same object owned by two different scoped_ptrs.
-  template <class C2> bool operator==(scoped_ptr<C2> const& p2) const;
-  template <class C2> bool operator!=(scoped_ptr<C2> const& p2) const;
-
-  // Disallow evil constructors
-  scoped_ptr(const scoped_ptr&);
-  void operator=(const scoped_ptr&);
-};
-
-// scoped_array<C> is like scoped_ptr<C>, except that the caller must allocate
-// with new [] and the destructor deletes objects with delete [].
-//
-// As with scoped_ptr<C>, a scoped_array<C> either points to an object
-// or is NULL.  A scoped_array<C> owns the object that it points to.
-//
-// Size: sizeof(scoped_array<C>) == sizeof(C*)
-template <class C>
-class scoped_array {
- public:
-
-  // The element type
-  typedef C element_type;
-
-  // Constructor.  Defaults to initializing with NULL.
-  // There is no way to create an uninitialized scoped_array.
-  // The input parameter must be allocated with new [].
-  explicit scoped_array(C* p = NULL) : array_(p) { }
-
-  // Destructor.  If there is a C object, delete it.
-  // We don't need to test ptr_ == NULL because C++ does that for us.
-  ~scoped_array() {
-    enum { type_must_be_complete = sizeof(C) };
-    delete[] array_;
-  }
-
-  // Reset.  Deletes the current owned object, if any.
-  // Then takes ownership of a new object, if given.
-  // this->reset(this->get()) works.
-  void reset(C* p = NULL) {
-    if (p != array_) {
-      enum { type_must_be_complete = sizeof(C) };
-      delete[] array_;
-      array_ = p;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Get one element of the current object.
-  // Will assert() if there is no current object, or index i is negative.
-  C& operator[](std::ptrdiff_t i) const {
-    assert(i >= 0);
-    assert(array_ != NULL);
-    return array_[i];
-  }
-
-  // Get a pointer to the zeroth element of the current object.
-  // If there is no current object, return NULL.
-  C* get() const {
-    return array_;
-  }
-
-  // Comparison operators.
-  // These return whether two scoped_array refer to the same object, not just to
-  // two different but equal objects.
-  bool operator==(C* p) const { return array_ == p; }
-  bool operator!=(C* p) const { return array_ != p; }
-
-  // Swap two scoped arrays.
-  void swap(scoped_array& p2) {
-    C* tmp = array_;
-    array_ = p2.array_;
-    p2.array_ = tmp;
-  }
-
-  // Release an array.
-  // The return value is the current pointer held by this object.
-  // If this object holds a NULL pointer, the return value is NULL.
-  // After this operation, this object will hold a NULL pointer,
-  // and will not own the object any more.
-  C* release() {
-    C* retVal = array_;
-    array_ = NULL;
-    return retVal;
-  }
-
- private:
-  C* array_;
-
-  // Forbid comparison of different scoped_array types.
-  template <class C2> bool operator==(scoped_array<C2> const& p2) const;
-  template <class C2> bool operator!=(scoped_array<C2> const& p2) const;
-
-  // Disallow evil constructors
-  scoped_array(const scoped_array&);
-  void operator=(const scoped_array&);
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// We made these internal so that they would show up as such in the docs,
-// but we don't want to stick "internal::" in front of them everywhere.
-using internal::scoped_ptr;
-using internal::scoped_array;
-
-// ===================================================================
-// emulates google3/base/logging.h
-
-enum LogLevel {
-  LOGLEVEL_INFO,     // Informational.  This is never actually used by
-                     // libprotobuf.
-  LOGLEVEL_WARNING,  // Warns about issues that, although not technically a
-                     // problem now, could cause problems in the future.  For
-                     // example, a // warning will be printed when parsing a
-                     // message that is near the message size limit.
-  LOGLEVEL_ERROR,    // An error occurred which should never happen during
-                     // normal use.
-  LOGLEVEL_FATAL,    // An error occurred from which the library cannot
-                     // recover.  This usually indicates a programming error
-                     // in the code which calls the library, especially when
-                     // compiled in debug mode.
-
-#ifdef NDEBUG
-  LOGLEVEL_DFATAL = LOGLEVEL_ERROR
-#else
-  LOGLEVEL_DFATAL = LOGLEVEL_FATAL
-#endif
-};
-
-namespace internal {
-
-class LogFinisher;
-
-class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT LogMessage {
- public:
-  LogMessage(LogLevel level, const char* filename, int line);
-  ~LogMessage();
-
-  LogMessage& operator<<(const std::string& value);
-  LogMessage& operator<<(const char* value);
-  LogMessage& operator<<(char value);
-  LogMessage& operator<<(int value);
-  LogMessage& operator<<(uint value);
-  LogMessage& operator<<(long value);
-  LogMessage& operator<<(unsigned long value);
-  LogMessage& operator<<(double value);
-  LogMessage& operator<<(void* value);
-
- private:
-  friend class LogFinisher;
-  void Finish();
-
-  LogLevel level_;
-  const char* filename_;
-  int line_;
-  std::string message_;
-};
-
-// Used to make the entire "LOG(BLAH) << etc." expression have a void return
-// type and print a newline after each message.
-class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT LogFinisher {
- public:
-  void operator=(LogMessage& other);
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// Undef everything in case we're being mixed with some other Google library
-// which already defined them itself.  Presumably all Google libraries will
-// support the same syntax for these so it should not be a big deal if they
-// end up using our definitions instead.
-#undef GOOGLE_LOG
-#undef GOOGLE_LOG_IF
-
-#undef GOOGLE_CHECK
-#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_OK
-#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ
-#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_NE
-#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_LT
-#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_LE
-#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_GT
-#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_GE
-#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL
-
-#undef GOOGLE_DLOG
-#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK
-#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ
-#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE
-#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT
-#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE
-#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT
-#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE
-
-#define GOOGLE_LOG(LEVEL)                                                 \
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::LogFinisher() =                           \
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::LogMessage(                             \
-      ::google::protobuf::LOGLEVEL_##LEVEL, __FILE__, __LINE__)
-#define GOOGLE_LOG_IF(LEVEL, CONDITION) \
-  !(CONDITION) ? (void)0 : GOOGLE_LOG(LEVEL)
-
-#define GOOGLE_CHECK(EXPRESSION) \
-  GOOGLE_LOG_IF(FATAL, !(EXPRESSION)) << "CHECK failed: " #EXPRESSION ": "
-#define GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(A) GOOGLE_CHECK(A)
-#define GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) == (B))
-#define GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) != (B))
-#define GOOGLE_CHECK_LT(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) <  (B))
-#define GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) <= (B))
-#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GT(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) >  (B))
-#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) >= (B))
-
-namespace internal {
-template<typename T>
-T* CheckNotNull(const char* /* file */, int /* line */,
-                const char* name, T* val) {
-  if (val == NULL) {
-    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << name;
-  }
-  return val;
-}
-}  // namespace internal
-#define GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(A) \
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::CheckNotNull(\
-      __FILE__, __LINE__, "'" #A "' must not be NULL", (A))
-
-#ifdef NDEBUG
-
-#define GOOGLE_DLOG GOOGLE_LOG_IF(INFO, false)
-
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK(EXPRESSION) while(false) GOOGLE_CHECK(EXPRESSION)
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) == (B))
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) != (B))
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) <  (B))
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) <= (B))
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) >  (B))
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) >= (B))
-
-#else  // NDEBUG
-
-#define GOOGLE_DLOG GOOGLE_LOG
-
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK    GOOGLE_CHECK
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE GOOGLE_CHECK_NE
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT GOOGLE_CHECK_LT
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE GOOGLE_CHECK_LE
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT GOOGLE_CHECK_GT
-#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE GOOGLE_CHECK_GE
-
-#endif  // !NDEBUG
-
-typedef void LogHandler(LogLevel level, const char* filename, int line,
-                        const std::string& message);
-
-// The protobuf library sometimes writes warning and error messages to
-// stderr.  These messages are primarily useful for developers, but may
-// also help end users figure out a problem.  If you would prefer that
-// these messages be sent somewhere other than stderr, call SetLogHandler()
-// to set your own handler.  This returns the old handler.  Set the handler
-// to NULL to ignore log messages (but see also LogSilencer, below).
-//
-// Obviously, SetLogHandler is not thread-safe.  You should only call it
-// at initialization time, and probably not from library code.  If you
-// simply want to suppress log messages temporarily (e.g. because you
-// have some code that tends to trigger them frequently and you know
-// the warnings are not important to you), use the LogSilencer class
-// below.
-LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT LogHandler* SetLogHandler(LogHandler* new_func);
-
-// Create a LogSilencer if you want to temporarily suppress all log
-// messages.  As long as any LogSilencer objects exist, non-fatal
-// log messages will be discarded (the current LogHandler will *not*
-// be called).  Constructing a LogSilencer is thread-safe.  You may
-// accidentally suppress log messages occurring in another thread, but
-// since messages are generally for debugging purposes only, this isn't
-// a big deal.  If you want to intercept log messages, use SetLogHandler().
-class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT LogSilencer {
- public:
-  LogSilencer();
-  ~LogSilencer();
-};
-
-// ===================================================================
-// emulates google3/base/callback.h
-
-// Abstract interface for a callback.  When calling an RPC, you must provide
-// a Closure to call when the procedure completes.  See the Service interface
-// in service.h.
-//
-// To automatically construct a Closure which calls a particular function or
-// method with a particular set of parameters, use the NewCallback() function.
-// Example:
-//   void FooDone(const FooResponse* response) {
-//     ...
-//   }
-//
-//   void CallFoo() {
-//     ...
-//     // When done, call FooDone() and pass it a pointer to the response.
-//     Closure* callback = NewCallback(&FooDone, response);
-//     // Make the call.
-//     service->Foo(controller, request, response, callback);
-//   }
-//
-// Example that calls a method:
-//   class Handler {
-//    public:
-//     ...
-//
-//     void FooDone(const FooResponse* response) {
-//       ...
-//     }
-//
-//     void CallFoo() {
-//       ...
-//       // When done, call FooDone() and pass it a pointer to the response.
-//       Closure* callback = NewCallback(this, &Handler::FooDone, response);
-//       // Make the call.
-//       service->Foo(controller, request, response, callback);
-//     }
-//   };
-//
-// Currently NewCallback() supports binding zero, one, or two arguments.
-//
-// Callbacks created with NewCallback() automatically delete themselves when
-// executed.  They should be used when a callback is to be called exactly
-// once (usually the case with RPC callbacks).  If a callback may be called
-// a different number of times (including zero), create it with
-// NewPermanentCallback() instead.  You are then responsible for deleting the
-// callback (using the "delete" keyword as normal).
-//
-// Note that NewCallback() is a bit touchy regarding argument types.  Generally,
-// the values you provide for the parameter bindings must exactly match the
-// types accepted by the callback function.  For example:
-//   void Foo(string s);
-//   NewCallback(&Foo, "foo");          // WON'T WORK:  const char* != string
-//   NewCallback(&Foo, string("foo"));  // WORKS
-// Also note that the arguments cannot be references:
-//   void Foo(const string& s);
-//   string my_str;
-//   NewCallback(&Foo, my_str);  // WON'T WORK:  Can't use referecnes.
-// However, correctly-typed pointers will work just fine.
-class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Closure {
- public:
-  Closure() {}
-  virtual ~Closure();
-
-  virtual void Run() = 0;
-
- private:
-  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Closure);
-};
-
-namespace internal {
-
-class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FunctionClosure0 : public Closure {
- public:
-  typedef void (*FunctionType)();
-
-  FunctionClosure0(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting)
-    : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting) {}
-  ~FunctionClosure0();
-
-  void Run() {
-    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
-    function_();
-    if (needs_delete) delete this;
-  }
-
- private:
-  FunctionType function_;
-  bool self_deleting_;
-};
-
-template <typename Class>
-class MethodClosure0 : public Closure {
- public:
-  typedef void (Class::*MethodType)();
-
-  MethodClosure0(Class* object, MethodType method, bool self_deleting)
-    : object_(object), method_(method), self_deleting_(self_deleting) {}
-  ~MethodClosure0() {}
-
-  void Run() {
-    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
-    (object_->*method_)();
-    if (needs_delete) delete this;
-  }
-
- private:
-  Class* object_;
-  MethodType method_;
-  bool self_deleting_;
-};
-
-template <typename Arg1>
-class FunctionClosure1 : public Closure {
- public:
-  typedef void (*FunctionType)(Arg1 arg1);
-
-  FunctionClosure1(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting,
-                   Arg1 arg1)
-    : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting),
-      arg1_(arg1) {}
-  ~FunctionClosure1() {}
-
-  void Run() {
-    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
-    function_(arg1_);
-    if (needs_delete) delete this;
-  }
-
- private:
-  FunctionType function_;
-  bool self_deleting_;
-  Arg1 arg1_;
-};
-
-template <typename Class, typename Arg1>
-class MethodClosure1 : public Closure {
- public:
-  typedef void (Class::*MethodType)(Arg1 arg1);
-
-  MethodClosure1(Class* object, MethodType method, bool self_deleting,
-                 Arg1 arg1)
-    : object_(object), method_(method), self_deleting_(self_deleting),
-      arg1_(arg1) {}
-  ~MethodClosure1() {}
-
-  void Run() {
-    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
-    (object_->*method_)(arg1_);
-    if (needs_delete) delete this;
-  }
-
- private:
-  Class* object_;
-  MethodType method_;
-  bool self_deleting_;
-  Arg1 arg1_;
-};
-
-template <typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
-class FunctionClosure2 : public Closure {
- public:
-  typedef void (*FunctionType)(Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2);
-
-  FunctionClosure2(FunctionType function, bool self_deleting,
-                   Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2)
-    : function_(function), self_deleting_(self_deleting),
-      arg1_(arg1), arg2_(arg2) {}
-  ~FunctionClosure2() {}
-
-  void Run() {
-    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
-    function_(arg1_, arg2_);
-    if (needs_delete) delete this;
-  }
-
- private:
-  FunctionType function_;
-  bool self_deleting_;
-  Arg1 arg1_;
-  Arg2 arg2_;
-};
-
-template <typename Class, typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
-class MethodClosure2 : public Closure {
- public:
-  typedef void (Class::*MethodType)(Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2);
-
-  MethodClosure2(Class* object, MethodType method, bool self_deleting,
-                 Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2)
-    : object_(object), method_(method), self_deleting_(self_deleting),
-      arg1_(arg1), arg2_(arg2) {}
-  ~MethodClosure2() {}
-
-  void Run() {
-    bool needs_delete = self_deleting_;  // read in case callback deletes
-    (object_->*method_)(arg1_, arg2_);
-    if (needs_delete) delete this;
-  }
-
- private:
-  Class* object_;
-  MethodType method_;
-  bool self_deleting_;
-  Arg1 arg1_;
-  Arg2 arg2_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// See Closure.
-inline Closure* NewCallback(void (*function)()) {
-  return new internal::FunctionClosure0(function, true);
-}
-
-// See Closure.
-inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(void (*function)()) {
-  return new internal::FunctionClosure0(function, false);
-}
-
-// See Closure.
-template <typename Class>
-inline Closure* NewCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)()) {
-  return new internal::MethodClosure0<Class>(object, method, true);
-}
-
-// See Closure.
-template <typename Class>
-inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)()) {
-  return new internal::MethodClosure0<Class>(object, method, false);
-}
-
-// See Closure.
-template <typename Arg1>
-inline Closure* NewCallback(void (*function)(Arg1),
-                            Arg1 arg1) {
-  return new internal::FunctionClosure1<Arg1>(function, true, arg1);
-}
-
-// See Closure.
-template <typename Arg1>
-inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(void (*function)(Arg1),
-                                     Arg1 arg1) {
-  return new internal::FunctionClosure1<Arg1>(function, false, arg1);
-}
-
-// See Closure.
-template <typename Class, typename Arg1>
-inline Closure* NewCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)(Arg1),
-                            Arg1 arg1) {
-  return new internal::MethodClosure1<Class, Arg1>(object, method, true, arg1);
-}
-
-// See Closure.
-template <typename Class, typename Arg1>
-inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)(Arg1),
-                                     Arg1 arg1) {
-  return new internal::MethodClosure1<Class, Arg1>(object, method, false, arg1);
-}
-
-// See Closure.
-template <typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
-inline Closure* NewCallback(void (*function)(Arg1, Arg2),
-                            Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2) {
-  return new internal::FunctionClosure2<Arg1, Arg2>(
-    function, true, arg1, arg2);
-}
-
-// See Closure.
-template <typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
-inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(void (*function)(Arg1, Arg2),
-                                     Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2) {
-  return new internal::FunctionClosure2<Arg1, Arg2>(
-    function, false, arg1, arg2);
-}
-
-// See Closure.
-template <typename Class, typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
-inline Closure* NewCallback(Class* object, void (Class::*method)(Arg1, Arg2),
-                            Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2) {
-  return new internal::MethodClosure2<Class, Arg1, Arg2>(
-    object, method, true, arg1, arg2);
-}
-
-// See Closure.
-template <typename Class, typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
-inline Closure* NewPermanentCallback(
-    Class* object, void (Class::*method)(Arg1, Arg2),
-    Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2) {
-  return new internal::MethodClosure2<Class, Arg1, Arg2>(
-    object, method, false, arg1, arg2);
-}
-
-// A function which does nothing.  Useful for creating no-op callbacks, e.g.:
-//   Closure* nothing = NewCallback(&DoNothing);
-void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DoNothing();
-
-// ===================================================================
-// emulates google3/base/mutex.h
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// A Mutex is a non-reentrant (aka non-recursive) mutex.  At most one thread T
-// may hold a mutex at a given time.  If T attempts to Lock() the same Mutex
-// while holding it, T will deadlock.
-class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Mutex {
- public:
-  // Create a Mutex that is not held by anybody.
-  Mutex();
-
-  // Destructor
-  ~Mutex();
-
-  // Block if necessary until this Mutex is free, then acquire it exclusively.
-  void Lock();
-
-  // Release this Mutex.  Caller must hold it exclusively.
-  void Unlock();
-
-  // Crash if this Mutex is not held exclusively by this thread.
-  // May fail to crash when it should; will never crash when it should not.
-  void AssertHeld();
-
- private:
-  struct Internal;
-  Internal* mInternal;
-
-  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Mutex);
-};
-
-// MutexLock(mu) acquires mu when constructed and releases it when destroyed.
-class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MutexLock {
- public:
-  explicit MutexLock(Mutex *mu) : mu_(mu) { this->mu_->Lock(); }
-  ~MutexLock() { this->mu_->Unlock(); }
- private:
-  Mutex *const mu_;
-  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MutexLock);
-};
-
-// TODO(kenton):  Implement these?  Hard to implement portably.
-typedef MutexLock ReaderMutexLock;
-typedef MutexLock WriterMutexLock;
-
-// MutexLockMaybe is like MutexLock, but is a no-op when mu is NULL.
-class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MutexLockMaybe {
- public:
-  explicit MutexLockMaybe(Mutex *mu) :
-    mu_(mu) { if (this->mu_ != NULL) { this->mu_->Lock(); } }
-  ~MutexLockMaybe() { if (this->mu_ != NULL) { this->mu_->Unlock(); } }
- private:
-  Mutex *const mu_;
-  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MutexLockMaybe);
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// We made these internal so that they would show up as such in the docs,
-// but we don't want to stick "internal::" in front of them everywhere.
-using internal::Mutex;
-using internal::MutexLock;
-using internal::ReaderMutexLock;
-using internal::WriterMutexLock;
-using internal::MutexLockMaybe;
 
 // ===================================================================
 // from google3/util/utf8/public/unilib.h
@@ -1179,9 +145,6 @@ LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool IsStructurallyValidUTF8(const char* buf, int len);
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
-// ===================================================================
-// from google3/util/endian/endian.h
-LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT uint32 ghtonl(uint32 x);
 
 // ===================================================================
 // Shutdown support.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common_unittest.cc
index 5f458e98..f9e2cfd4 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common_unittest.cc
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "config.h"
-
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
 namespace {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h
index 5b6a073d..9a6b217a 100644..100755
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h
@@ -37,13 +37,119 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
-#include "config.h"
 
-#if defined(HAVE_HASH_MAP) && defined(HAVE_HASH_SET)
-#include HASH_MAP_H
-#include HASH_SET_H
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAVE_HASH_MAP 1
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAVE_HASH_SET 1
+
+// Use C++11 unordered_{map|set} if available. Otherwise, libc++ always support
+// unordered_{map|set}
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X) || \
+    defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+# define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_CXX11_HASH
+
+// For XCode >= 4.6:  the compiler is clang with libc++.
+// For earlier XCode version: the compiler is gcc-4.2.1 with libstdc++.
+// libc++ provides <unordered_map> and friends even in non C++11 mode,
+// and it does not provide the tr1 library. Therefore the following macro
+// checks against this special case.
+// Note that we should not test the __APPLE_CC__ version number or the
+// __clang__ macro, since the new compiler can still use -stdlib=libstdc++, in
+// which case <unordered_map> is not compilable without -std=c++11
+#elif defined(__APPLE_CC__)
+# if __GNUC__ >= 4
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_TR1
+# else
+// Not tested for gcc < 4... These setting can compile under 4.2.1 though.
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE __gnu_cxx
+#  include <ext/hash_map>
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_MAP_CLASS hash_map
+#  include <ext/hash_set>
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_SET_CLASS hash_set
+# endif
+
+// Version checks for gcc.
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+// For GCC 4.x+, use tr1::unordered_map/set; otherwise, follow the
+// instructions from:
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/backwards.html
+# if __GNUC__ >= 4
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_TR1
+# elif __GNUC__ >= 3
+#  include <backward/hash_map>
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_MAP_CLASS hash_map
+#  include <backward/hash_set>
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_SET_CLASS hash_set
+#  if __GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ == 0
+#   define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE std       // GCC 3.0
+#  else
+#   define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE __gnu_cxx // GCC 3.1 and later
+#  endif
+# else
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE
+#  include <hash_map>
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_MAP_CLASS hash_map
+#  include <hash_set>
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_SET_CLASS hash_set
+# endif
+
+// Version checks for MSC.
+// Apparently Microsoft decided to move hash_map *back* to the std namespace in
+// MSVC 2010:
+// http://blogs.msdn.com/vcblog/archive/2009/05/25/stl-breaking-changes-in-visual-studio-2010-beta-1.aspx
+// And.. they are moved back to stdext in MSVC 2013 (haven't checked 2012). That
+// said, use unordered_map for MSVC 2010 and beyond is our safest bet.
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+# if _MSC_VER >= 1600  // Since Visual Studio 2010
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_CXX11_HASH
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_COMPARE std::hash_compare
+# elif _MSC_VER >= 1500  // Since Visual Studio 2008
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_TR1
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_COMPARE stdext::hash_compare
+# elif _MSC_VER >= 1310
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE stdext
+#  include <hash_map>
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_MAP_CLASS hash_map
+#  include <hash_set>
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_SET_CLASS hash_set
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_COMPARE stdext::hash_compare
+# else
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE std
+#  include <hash_map>
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_MAP_CLASS hash_map
+#  include <hash_set>
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_SET_CLASS hash_set
+#  define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_COMPARE stdext::hash_compare
+# endif
+
+// **ADD NEW COMPILERS SUPPORT HERE.**
+// For other compilers, undefine the macro and fallback to use std::map, in
+// google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h
 #else
-#define MISSING_HASH
+# undef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAVE_HASH_MAP
+# undef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAVE_HASH_SET
+#endif
+
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_CXX11_HASH)
+# define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE std
+# include <unordered_map>
+# define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_MAP_CLASS unordered_map
+# include <unordered_set>
+# define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_SET_CLASS unordered_set
+#elif defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_TR1)
+# define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE std::tr1
+# include <tr1/unordered_map>
+# define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_MAP_CLASS unordered_map
+# include <tr1/unordered_set>
+# define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_SET_CLASS unordered_set
+#endif
+
+#undef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_CXX11_HASH
+#undef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_TR1
+
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAVE_HASH_MAP) && \
+    defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAVE_HASH_SET)
+#else
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MISSING_HASH
 #include <map>
 #include <set>
 #endif
@@ -51,7 +157,8 @@
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
 
-#ifdef MISSING_HASH
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MISSING_HASH
+#undef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MISSING_HASH
 
 // This system doesn't have hash_map or hash_set.  Emulate them using map and
 // set.
@@ -88,15 +195,20 @@ struct hash<const char*> {
 
 template <typename Key, typename Data,
           typename HashFcn = hash<Key>,
-          typename EqualKey = int >
-class hash_map : public std::map<Key, Data, HashFcn> {
+          typename EqualKey = std::equal_to<Key>,
+          typename Alloc = std::allocator< std::pair<const Key, Data> > >
+class hash_map : public std::map<Key, Data, HashFcn, Alloc> {
+  typedef std::map<Key, Data, HashFcn, Alloc> BaseClass;
+
  public:
-  hash_map(int = 0) {}
+  hash_map(int a = 0, const HashFcn& b = HashFcn(),
+           const EqualKey& c = EqualKey(),
+           const Alloc& d = Alloc()) : BaseClass(b, d) {}
 };
 
 template <typename Key,
           typename HashFcn = hash<Key>,
-          typename EqualKey = int >
+          typename EqualKey = std::equal_to<Key> >
 class hash_set : public std::set<Key, HashFcn> {
  public:
   hash_set(int = 0) {}
@@ -105,7 +217,7 @@ class hash_set : public std::set<Key, HashFcn> {
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_STLPORT_VERSION)
 
 template <typename Key>
-struct hash : public HASH_NAMESPACE::hash_compare<Key> {
+struct hash : public GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_COMPARE<Key> {
 };
 
 // MSVC's hash_compare<const char*> hashes based on the string contents but
@@ -119,23 +231,29 @@ class CstringLess {
 
 template <>
 struct hash<const char*>
-  : public HASH_NAMESPACE::hash_compare<const char*, CstringLess> {
-};
+    : public GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_COMPARE<const char*, CstringLess> {};
 
 template <typename Key, typename Data,
           typename HashFcn = hash<Key>,
-          typename EqualKey = int >
-class hash_map : public HASH_NAMESPACE::hash_map<
-    Key, Data, HashFcn> {
+          typename EqualKey = std::equal_to<Key>,
+          typename Alloc = std::allocator< std::pair<const Key, Data> > >
+class hash_map
+    : public GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE::GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_MAP_CLASS<
+          Key, Data, HashFcn, EqualKey, Alloc> {
+  typedef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE::GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_MAP_CLASS<
+      Key, Data, HashFcn, EqualKey, Alloc> BaseClass;
+
  public:
-  hash_map(int = 0) {}
+  hash_map(int a = 0, const HashFcn& b = HashFcn(),
+           const EqualKey& c = EqualKey(),
+           const Alloc& d = Alloc()) : BaseClass(a, b, c, d) {}
 };
 
-template <typename Key,
-          typename HashFcn = hash<Key>,
-          typename EqualKey = int >
-class hash_set : public HASH_NAMESPACE::hash_set<
-    Key, HashFcn> {
+template <typename Key, typename HashFcn = hash<Key>,
+          typename EqualKey = std::equal_to<Key> >
+class hash_set
+    : public GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE::GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_SET_CLASS<
+          Key, HashFcn, EqualKey> {
  public:
   hash_set(int = 0) {}
 };
@@ -143,7 +261,7 @@ class hash_set : public HASH_NAMESPACE::hash_set<
 #else
 
 template <typename Key>
-struct hash : public HASH_NAMESPACE::hash<Key> {
+struct hash : public GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE::hash<Key> {
 };
 
 template <typename Key>
@@ -166,25 +284,39 @@ struct hash<const char*> {
   }
 };
 
+template<>
+struct hash<bool> {
+  size_t operator()(bool x) const {
+    return static_cast<size_t>(x);
+  }
+};
+
 template <typename Key, typename Data,
           typename HashFcn = hash<Key>,
-          typename EqualKey = std::equal_to<Key> >
-class hash_map : public HASH_NAMESPACE::HASH_MAP_CLASS<
-    Key, Data, HashFcn, EqualKey> {
+          typename EqualKey = std::equal_to<Key>,
+          typename Alloc = std::allocator< std::pair<const Key, Data> > >
+class hash_map
+    : public GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE::GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_MAP_CLASS<
+          Key, Data, HashFcn, EqualKey, Alloc> {
+  typedef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE::GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_MAP_CLASS<
+      Key, Data, HashFcn, EqualKey, Alloc> BaseClass;
+
  public:
-  hash_map(int = 0) {}
+  hash_map(int a = 0, const HashFcn& b = HashFcn(),
+           const EqualKey& c = EqualKey(),
+           const Alloc& d = Alloc()) : BaseClass(a, b, c, d) {}
 };
 
-template <typename Key,
-          typename HashFcn = hash<Key>,
+template <typename Key, typename HashFcn = hash<Key>,
           typename EqualKey = std::equal_to<Key> >
-class hash_set : public HASH_NAMESPACE::HASH_SET_CLASS<
-    Key, HashFcn, EqualKey> {
+class hash_set
+    : public GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_NAMESPACE::GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HASH_SET_CLASS<
+          Key, HashFcn, EqualKey> {
  public:
   hash_set(int = 0) {}
 };
 
-#endif
+#endif  // !GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MISSING_HASH
 
 template <>
 struct hash<string> {
@@ -194,7 +326,7 @@ struct hash<string> {
 
   static const size_t bucket_size = 4;
   static const size_t min_buckets = 8;
-  inline size_t operator()(const string& a, const string& b) const {
+  inline bool operator()(const string& a, const string& b) const {
     return a < b;
   }
 };
@@ -212,7 +344,7 @@ struct hash<pair<First, Second> > {
 
   static const size_t bucket_size = 4;
   static const size_t min_buckets = 8;
-  inline size_t operator()(const pair<First, Second>& a,
+  inline bool operator()(const pair<First, Second>& a,
                            const pair<First, Second>& b) const {
     return a < b;
   }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..330d33d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_LOGGING_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_LOGGING_H_
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/port.h>
+
+// ===================================================================
+// emulates google3/base/logging.h
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+enum LogLevel {
+  LOGLEVEL_INFO,     // Informational.  This is never actually used by
+                     // libprotobuf.
+  LOGLEVEL_WARNING,  // Warns about issues that, although not technically a
+                     // problem now, could cause problems in the future.  For
+                     // example, a // warning will be printed when parsing a
+                     // message that is near the message size limit.
+  LOGLEVEL_ERROR,    // An error occurred which should never happen during
+                     // normal use.
+  LOGLEVEL_FATAL,    // An error occurred from which the library cannot
+                     // recover.  This usually indicates a programming error
+                     // in the code which calls the library, especially when
+                     // compiled in debug mode.
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+  LOGLEVEL_DFATAL = LOGLEVEL_ERROR
+#else
+  LOGLEVEL_DFATAL = LOGLEVEL_FATAL
+#endif
+};
+
+class StringPiece;
+namespace util {
+class Status;
+}
+namespace internal {
+
+class LogFinisher;
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT LogMessage {
+ public:
+  LogMessage(LogLevel level, const char* filename, int line);
+  ~LogMessage();
+
+  LogMessage& operator<<(const std::string& value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(const char* value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(char value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(int value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(unsigned int value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(long value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(unsigned long value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(long long value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(unsigned long long value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(double value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(void* value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(const StringPiece& value);
+  LogMessage& operator<<(const ::google::protobuf::util::Status& status);
+
+ private:
+  friend class LogFinisher;
+  void Finish();
+
+  LogLevel level_;
+  const char* filename_;
+  int line_;
+  std::string message_;
+};
+
+// Used to make the entire "LOG(BLAH) << etc." expression have a void return
+// type and print a newline after each message.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT LogFinisher {
+ public:
+  void operator=(LogMessage& other);
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+bool IsOk(T status) { return status.ok(); }
+template<>
+inline bool IsOk(bool status) { return status; }
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Undef everything in case we're being mixed with some other Google library
+// which already defined them itself.  Presumably all Google libraries will
+// support the same syntax for these so it should not be a big deal if they
+// end up using our definitions instead.
+#undef GOOGLE_LOG
+#undef GOOGLE_LOG_IF
+
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_OK
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_NE
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_LT
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_LE
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_GT
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_GE
+#undef GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL
+
+#undef GOOGLE_DLOG
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_OK
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT
+#undef GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE
+
+#define GOOGLE_LOG(LEVEL)                                                 \
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::LogFinisher() =                           \
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::LogMessage(                             \
+      ::google::protobuf::LOGLEVEL_##LEVEL, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+#define GOOGLE_LOG_IF(LEVEL, CONDITION) \
+  !(CONDITION) ? (void)0 : GOOGLE_LOG(LEVEL)
+
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK(EXPRESSION) \
+  GOOGLE_LOG_IF(FATAL, !(EXPRESSION)) << "CHECK failed: " #EXPRESSION ": "
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(A) GOOGLE_CHECK(::google::protobuf::internal::IsOk(A))
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) == (B))
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) != (B))
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_LT(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) <  (B))
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) <= (B))
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GT(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) >  (B))
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_GE(A, B) GOOGLE_CHECK((A) >= (B))
+
+namespace internal {
+template<typename T>
+T* CheckNotNull(const char* /* file */, int /* line */,
+                const char* name, T* val) {
+  if (val == NULL) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << name;
+  }
+  return val;
+}
+}  // namespace internal
+#define GOOGLE_CHECK_NOTNULL(A) \
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::CheckNotNull(\
+      __FILE__, __LINE__, "'" #A "' must not be NULL", (A))
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+
+#define GOOGLE_DLOG GOOGLE_LOG_IF(INFO, false)
+
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK(EXPRESSION) while(false) GOOGLE_CHECK(EXPRESSION)
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_OK(E) GOOGLE_DCHECK(::google::protobuf::internal::IsOk(E))
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) == (B))
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) != (B))
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) <  (B))
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) <= (B))
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) >  (B))
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(A, B) GOOGLE_DCHECK((A) >= (B))
+
+#else  // NDEBUG
+
+#define GOOGLE_DLOG GOOGLE_LOG
+
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK    GOOGLE_CHECK
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_OK GOOGLE_CHECK_OK
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE GOOGLE_CHECK_NE
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT GOOGLE_CHECK_LT
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE GOOGLE_CHECK_LE
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT GOOGLE_CHECK_GT
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE GOOGLE_CHECK_GE
+
+#endif  // !NDEBUG
+
+typedef void LogHandler(LogLevel level, const char* filename, int line,
+                        const std::string& message);
+
+// The protobuf library sometimes writes warning and error messages to
+// stderr.  These messages are primarily useful for developers, but may
+// also help end users figure out a problem.  If you would prefer that
+// these messages be sent somewhere other than stderr, call SetLogHandler()
+// to set your own handler.  This returns the old handler.  Set the handler
+// to NULL to ignore log messages (but see also LogSilencer, below).
+//
+// Obviously, SetLogHandler is not thread-safe.  You should only call it
+// at initialization time, and probably not from library code.  If you
+// simply want to suppress log messages temporarily (e.g. because you
+// have some code that tends to trigger them frequently and you know
+// the warnings are not important to you), use the LogSilencer class
+// below.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT LogHandler* SetLogHandler(LogHandler* new_func);
+
+// Create a LogSilencer if you want to temporarily suppress all log
+// messages.  As long as any LogSilencer objects exist, non-fatal
+// log messages will be discarded (the current LogHandler will *not*
+// be called).  Constructing a LogSilencer is thread-safe.  You may
+// accidentally suppress log messages occurring in another thread, but
+// since messages are generally for debugging purposes only, this isn't
+// a big deal.  If you want to intercept log messages, use SetLogHandler().
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT LogSilencer {
+ public:
+  LogSilencer();
+  ~LogSilencer();
+};
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_LOGGING_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e9a9ec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MACROS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MACROS_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/port.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+#undef GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS
+#define GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TypeName)    \
+  TypeName(const TypeName&);                           \
+  void operator=(const TypeName&)
+
+#undef GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS
+#define GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(TypeName) \
+  TypeName();                                           \
+  TypeName(const TypeName&);                            \
+  void operator=(const TypeName&)
+
+// ===================================================================
+// from google3/base/basictypes.h
+
+// The GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(arr) macro returns the # of elements in an array arr.
+// The expression is a compile-time constant, and therefore can be
+// used in defining new arrays, for example.
+//
+// GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE catches a few type errors.  If you see a compiler error
+//
+//   "warning: division by zero in ..."
+//
+// when using GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE, you are (wrongfully) giving it a pointer.
+// You should only use GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE on statically allocated arrays.
+//
+// The following comments are on the implementation details, and can
+// be ignored by the users.
+//
+// ARRAYSIZE(arr) works by inspecting sizeof(arr) (the # of bytes in
+// the array) and sizeof(*(arr)) (the # of bytes in one array
+// element).  If the former is divisible by the latter, perhaps arr is
+// indeed an array, in which case the division result is the # of
+// elements in the array.  Otherwise, arr cannot possibly be an array,
+// and we generate a compiler error to prevent the code from
+// compiling.
+//
+// Since the size of bool is implementation-defined, we need to cast
+// !(sizeof(a) & sizeof(*(a))) to size_t in order to ensure the final
+// result has type size_t.
+//
+// This macro is not perfect as it wrongfully accepts certain
+// pointers, namely where the pointer size is divisible by the pointee
+// size.  Since all our code has to go through a 32-bit compiler,
+// where a pointer is 4 bytes, this means all pointers to a type whose
+// size is 3 or greater than 4 will be (righteously) rejected.
+//
+// Kudos to Jorg Brown for this simple and elegant implementation.
+
+#undef GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE
+#define GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(a) \
+  ((sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a))) / \
+   static_cast<size_t>(!(sizeof(a) % sizeof(*(a)))))
+
+// The COMPILE_ASSERT macro can be used to verify that a compile time
+// expression is true. For example, you could use it to verify the
+// size of a static array:
+//
+//   COMPILE_ASSERT(ARRAYSIZE(content_type_names) == CONTENT_NUM_TYPES,
+//                  content_type_names_incorrect_size);
+//
+// or to make sure a struct is smaller than a certain size:
+//
+//   COMPILE_ASSERT(sizeof(foo) < 128, foo_too_large);
+//
+// The second argument to the macro is the name of the variable. If
+// the expression is false, most compilers will issue a warning/error
+// containing the name of the variable.
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <bool>
+struct CompileAssert {
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+#undef GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#define GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT(expr, msg) static_assert(expr, #msg)
+#else
+#define GOOGLE_COMPILE_ASSERT(expr, msg) \
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::CompileAssert<(bool(expr))> \
+          msg[bool(expr) ? 1 : -1]; \
+  (void)msg
+// Implementation details of COMPILE_ASSERT:
+//
+// - COMPILE_ASSERT works by defining an array type that has -1
+//   elements (and thus is invalid) when the expression is false.
+//
+// - The simpler definition
+//
+//     #define COMPILE_ASSERT(expr, msg) typedef char msg[(expr) ? 1 : -1]
+//
+//   does not work, as gcc supports variable-length arrays whose sizes
+//   are determined at run-time (this is gcc's extension and not part
+//   of the C++ standard).  As a result, gcc fails to reject the
+//   following code with the simple definition:
+//
+//     int foo;
+//     COMPILE_ASSERT(foo, msg); // not supposed to compile as foo is
+//                               // not a compile-time constant.
+//
+// - By using the type CompileAssert<(bool(expr))>, we ensures that
+//   expr is a compile-time constant.  (Template arguments must be
+//   determined at compile-time.)
+//
+// - The outter parentheses in CompileAssert<(bool(expr))> are necessary
+//   to work around a bug in gcc 3.4.4 and 4.0.1.  If we had written
+//
+//     CompileAssert<bool(expr)>
+//
+//   instead, these compilers will refuse to compile
+//
+//     COMPILE_ASSERT(5 > 0, some_message);
+//
+//   (They seem to think the ">" in "5 > 0" marks the end of the
+//   template argument list.)
+//
+// - The array size is (bool(expr) ? 1 : -1), instead of simply
+//
+//     ((expr) ? 1 : -1).
+//
+//   This is to avoid running into a bug in MS VC 7.1, which
+//   causes ((0.0) ? 1 : -1) to incorrectly evaluate to 1.
+#endif  // __cplusplus >= 201103L
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MACROS_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0373b2bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Author: Maxim Lifantsev
+//
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// MSVC++ 2005 and older compilers think the header declaration was a
+// definition, and erroneously flag these as a duplicate definition.
+#if defined(COMPILER_MSVC) || __cpluscplus < 201103L
+
+#define DEF_COMMON_LIMITS(Type)
+#define DEF_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(Type)
+#define DEF_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(Type)
+#define DEF_PRECISION_LIMITS(Type)
+
+#else
+
+#define DEF_COMMON_LIMITS(Type) \
+const bool MathLimits<Type>::kIsSigned; \
+const bool MathLimits<Type>::kIsInteger; \
+const int MathLimits<Type>::kMin10Exp; \
+const int MathLimits<Type>::kMax10Exp;
+
+#define DEF_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(Type) \
+DEF_COMMON_LIMITS(Type) \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kPosMin; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kPosMax; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kMin; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kMax; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kEpsilon; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kStdError;
+
+#define DEF_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(Type) \
+DEF_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(Type) \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kNegMin; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kNegMax;
+
+#define DEF_PRECISION_LIMITS(Type) \
+const int MathLimits<Type>::kPrecisionDigits;
+
+#endif  // not COMPILER_MSVC
+
+// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadruple_precision_floating-point_format#Double-double_arithmetic
+// With some compilers (gcc 4.6.x) on some platforms (powerpc64),
+// "long double" is implemented as a pair of double: "double double" format.
+// This causes a problem with epsilon (eps).
+// eps is the smallest positive number such that 1.0 + eps > 1.0
+//
+// Normal format:  1.0 + e = 1.0...01      // N-1 zeros for N fraction bits
+// D-D format:     1.0 + e = 1.000...0001  // epsilon can be very small
+//
+// In the normal format, 1.0 + e has to fit in one stretch of bits.
+// The maximum rounding error is half of eps.
+//
+// In the double-double format, 1.0 + e splits across two doubles:
+// 1.0 in the high double, e in the low double, and they do not have to
+// be contiguous.  The maximum rounding error on a value close to 1.0 is
+// much larger than eps.
+//
+// Some code checks for errors by comparing a computed value to a golden
+// value +/- some multiple of the maximum rounding error.  The maximum
+// rounding error is not available so we use eps as an approximation
+// instead.  That fails when long double is in the double-double format.
+// Therefore, we define kStdError as a multiple of
+// max(DBL_EPSILON * DBL_EPSILON, kEpsilon) rather than a multiple of kEpsilon.
+
+#define DEF_FP_LIMITS(Type, PREFIX) \
+DEF_COMMON_LIMITS(Type) \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kPosMin = PREFIX##_MIN; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kPosMax = PREFIX##_MAX; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kMin = -MathLimits<Type>::kPosMax; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kMax = MathLimits<Type>::kPosMax; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kNegMin = -MathLimits<Type>::kPosMin; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kNegMax = -MathLimits<Type>::kPosMax; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kEpsilon = PREFIX##_EPSILON; \
+/* 32 is 5 bits of mantissa error; should be adequate for common errors */ \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kStdError = \
+  32 * (DBL_EPSILON * DBL_EPSILON > MathLimits<Type>::kEpsilon \
+      ? DBL_EPSILON * DBL_EPSILON : MathLimits<Type>::kEpsilon); \
+DEF_PRECISION_LIMITS(Type) \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kNaN = HUGE_VAL - HUGE_VAL; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kPosInf = HUGE_VAL; \
+const Type MathLimits<Type>::kNegInf = -HUGE_VAL;
+
+// The following are *not* casts!
+DEF_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(int8)
+DEF_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(int16)  // NOLINT(readability/casting)
+DEF_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(int32)  // NOLINT(readability/casting)
+DEF_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(int64)  // NOLINT(readability/casting)
+DEF_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(uint8)
+DEF_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(uint16)  // NOLINT(readability/casting)
+DEF_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(uint32)  // NOLINT(readability/casting)
+DEF_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(uint64)  // NOLINT(readability/casting)
+
+DEF_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(long int)
+DEF_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(unsigned long int)
+
+DEF_FP_LIMITS(float, FLT)
+DEF_FP_LIMITS(double, DBL)
+DEF_FP_LIMITS(long double, LDBL);
+
+#undef DEF_COMMON_LIMITS
+#undef DEF_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS
+#undef DEF_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS
+#undef DEF_FP_LIMITS
+#undef DEF_PRECISION_LIMITS
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9846940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.h
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Author: Maxim Lifantsev
+//
+// Useful integer and floating point limits and type traits.
+//
+// This partially replaces/duplictes numeric_limits<> from <limits>.
+// We get a Google-style class that we have a greater control over
+// and thus can add new features to it or fix whatever happens to be broken in
+// numeric_limits for the compilers we use.
+//
+
+#ifndef UTIL_MATH_MATHLIMITS_H__
+#define UTIL_MATH_MATHLIMITS_H__
+
+// <math.h> lacks a lot of prototypes. However, this file needs <math.h> to
+// access old-fashioned isinf et al. Even worse more: this file must not
+// include <cmath> because that breaks the definition of isinf with gcc 4.9.
+//
+// TODO(mec): after C++11 everywhere, use <cmath> and std::isinf in this file.
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <cfloat>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+// Useful integer and floating point limits and type traits.
+// This is just for the documentation;
+// real members are defined in our specializations below.
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+template<typename T> struct MathLimits {
+  // Type name.
+  typedef T Type;
+  // Unsigned version of the Type with the same byte size.
+  // Same as Type for floating point and unsigned types.
+  typedef T UnsignedType;
+  // If the type supports negative values.
+  static const bool kIsSigned;
+  // If the type supports only integer values.
+  static const bool kIsInteger;
+  // Magnitude-wise smallest representable positive value.
+  static const Type kPosMin;
+  // Magnitude-wise largest representable positive value.
+  static const Type kPosMax;
+  // Smallest representable value.
+  static const Type kMin;
+  // Largest representable value.
+  static const Type kMax;
+  // Magnitude-wise smallest representable negative value.
+  // Present only if kIsSigned.
+  static const Type kNegMin;
+  // Magnitude-wise largest representable negative value.
+  // Present only if kIsSigned.
+  static const Type kNegMax;
+  // Smallest integer x such that 10^x is representable.
+  static const int kMin10Exp;
+  // Largest integer x such that 10^x is representable.
+  static const int kMax10Exp;
+  // Smallest positive value such that Type(1) + kEpsilon != Type(1)
+  static const Type kEpsilon;
+  // Typical rounding error that is enough to cover
+  // a few simple floating-point operations.
+  // Slightly larger than kEpsilon to account for a few rounding errors.
+  // Is zero if kIsInteger.
+  static const Type kStdError;
+  // Number of decimal digits of mantissa precision.
+  // Present only if !kIsInteger.
+  static const int kPrecisionDigits;
+  // Not a number, i.e. result of 0/0.
+  // Present only if !kIsInteger.
+  static const Type kNaN;
+  // Positive infinity, i.e. result of 1/0.
+  // Present only if !kIsInteger.
+  static const Type kPosInf;
+  // Negative infinity, i.e. result of -1/0.
+  // Present only if !kIsInteger.
+  static const Type kNegInf;
+
+  // NOTE: Special floating point values behave
+  // in a special (but mathematically-logical) way
+  // in terms of (in)equalty comparison and mathematical operations
+  // -- see out unittest for examples.
+
+  // Special floating point value testers.
+  // Present in integer types for convenience.
+  static bool IsFinite(const Type x);
+  static bool IsNaN(const Type x);
+  static bool IsInf(const Type x);
+  static bool IsPosInf(const Type x);
+  static bool IsNegInf(const Type x);
+};
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+
+// All #define-s below are simply to refactor the declarations of
+// MathLimits template specializations.
+// They are all #undef-ined below.
+
+// The hoop-jumping in *_INT_(MAX|MIN) below is so that the compiler does not
+// get an overflow while computing the constants.
+
+#define SIGNED_INT_MAX(Type) \
+  (((Type(1) << (sizeof(Type)*8 - 2)) - 1) + (Type(1) << (sizeof(Type)*8 - 2)))
+
+#define SIGNED_INT_MIN(Type) \
+  (-(Type(1) << (sizeof(Type)*8 - 2)) - (Type(1) << (sizeof(Type)*8 - 2)))
+
+#define UNSIGNED_INT_MAX(Type) \
+  (((Type(1) << (sizeof(Type)*8 - 1)) - 1) + (Type(1) << (sizeof(Type)*8 - 1)))
+
+// Compile-time selected log10-related constants for integer types.
+#define SIGNED_MAX_10_EXP(Type) \
+  (sizeof(Type) == 1 ? 2 : ( \
+    sizeof(Type) == 2 ? 4 : ( \
+      sizeof(Type) == 4 ? 9 : ( \
+        sizeof(Type) == 8 ? 18 : -1))))
+
+#define UNSIGNED_MAX_10_EXP(Type) \
+  (sizeof(Type) == 1 ? 2 : ( \
+    sizeof(Type) == 2 ? 4 : ( \
+      sizeof(Type) == 4 ? 9 : ( \
+        sizeof(Type) == 8 ? 19 : -1))))
+
+#define DECL_INT_LIMIT_FUNCS \
+  static bool IsFinite(const Type /*x*/) { return true; } \
+  static bool IsNaN(const Type /*x*/) { return false; } \
+  static bool IsInf(const Type /*x*/) { return false; } \
+  static bool IsPosInf(const Type /*x*/) { return false; } \
+  static bool IsNegInf(const Type /*x*/) { return false; }
+
+#define DECL_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(IntType, UnsignedIntType) \
+template<> \
+struct LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MathLimits<IntType> { \
+  typedef IntType Type; \
+  typedef UnsignedIntType UnsignedType; \
+  static const bool kIsSigned = true; \
+  static const bool kIsInteger = true; \
+  static const Type kPosMin = 1; \
+  static const Type kPosMax = SIGNED_INT_MAX(Type); \
+  static const Type kMin = SIGNED_INT_MIN(Type); \
+  static const Type kMax = kPosMax; \
+  static const Type kNegMin = -1; \
+  static const Type kNegMax = kMin; \
+  static const int kMin10Exp = 0; \
+  static const int kMax10Exp = SIGNED_MAX_10_EXP(Type); \
+  static const Type kEpsilon = 1; \
+  static const Type kStdError = 0; \
+  DECL_INT_LIMIT_FUNCS \
+};
+
+#define DECL_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(IntType) \
+template<> \
+struct LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MathLimits<IntType> { \
+  typedef IntType Type; \
+  typedef IntType UnsignedType; \
+  static const bool kIsSigned = false; \
+  static const bool kIsInteger = true; \
+  static const Type kPosMin = 1; \
+  static const Type kPosMax = UNSIGNED_INT_MAX(Type); \
+  static const Type kMin = 0; \
+  static const Type kMax = kPosMax; \
+  static const int kMin10Exp = 0; \
+  static const int kMax10Exp = UNSIGNED_MAX_10_EXP(Type); \
+  static const Type kEpsilon = 1; \
+  static const Type kStdError = 0; \
+  DECL_INT_LIMIT_FUNCS \
+};
+
+DECL_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(signed char, unsigned char)
+DECL_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(signed short int, unsigned short int)
+DECL_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(signed int, unsigned int)
+DECL_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(signed long int, unsigned long int)
+DECL_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS(signed long long int, unsigned long long int)
+DECL_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(unsigned char)
+DECL_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(unsigned short int)
+DECL_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(unsigned int)
+DECL_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(unsigned long int)
+DECL_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS(unsigned long long int)
+
+#undef DECL_SIGNED_INT_LIMITS
+#undef DECL_UNSIGNED_INT_LIMITS
+#undef SIGNED_INT_MAX
+#undef SIGNED_INT_MIN
+#undef UNSIGNED_INT_MAX
+#undef SIGNED_MAX_10_EXP
+#undef UNSIGNED_MAX_10_EXP
+#undef DECL_INT_LIMIT_FUNCS
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+#ifdef WIN32  // Lacks built-in isnan() and isinf()
+#define DECL_FP_LIMIT_FUNCS \
+  static bool IsFinite(const Type x) { return _finite(x); } \
+  static bool IsNaN(const Type x) { return _isnan(x); } \
+  static bool IsInf(const Type x) { return (_fpclass(x) & (_FPCLASS_NINF | _FPCLASS_PINF)) != 0; } \
+  static bool IsPosInf(const Type x) { return _fpclass(x) == _FPCLASS_PINF; } \
+  static bool IsNegInf(const Type x) { return _fpclass(x) == _FPCLASS_NINF; }
+#else
+#define DECL_FP_LIMIT_FUNCS \
+  static bool IsFinite(const Type x) { return !isinf(x)  &&  !isnan(x); } \
+  static bool IsNaN(const Type x) { return isnan(x); } \
+  static bool IsInf(const Type x) { return isinf(x); } \
+  static bool IsPosInf(const Type x) { return isinf(x)  &&  x > 0; } \
+  static bool IsNegInf(const Type x) { return isinf(x)  &&  x < 0; }
+#endif
+
+// We can't put floating-point constant values in the header here because
+// such constants are not considered to be primitive-type constants by gcc.
+// CAVEAT: Hence, they are going to be initialized only during
+// the global objects construction time.
+#define DECL_FP_LIMITS(FP_Type, PREFIX) \
+template<> \
+struct LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MathLimits<FP_Type> { \
+  typedef FP_Type Type; \
+  typedef FP_Type UnsignedType; \
+  static const bool kIsSigned = true; \
+  static const bool kIsInteger = false; \
+  static const Type kPosMin; \
+  static const Type kPosMax; \
+  static const Type kMin; \
+  static const Type kMax; \
+  static const Type kNegMin; \
+  static const Type kNegMax; \
+  static const int kMin10Exp = PREFIX##_MIN_10_EXP; \
+  static const int kMax10Exp = PREFIX##_MAX_10_EXP; \
+  static const Type kEpsilon; \
+  static const Type kStdError; \
+  static const int kPrecisionDigits = PREFIX##_DIG; \
+  static const Type kNaN; \
+  static const Type kPosInf; \
+  static const Type kNegInf; \
+  DECL_FP_LIMIT_FUNCS \
+};
+
+DECL_FP_LIMITS(float, FLT)
+DECL_FP_LIMITS(double, DBL)
+DECL_FP_LIMITS(long double, LDBL)
+
+#undef DECL_FP_LIMITS
+#undef DECL_FP_LIMIT_FUNCS
+
+// ========================================================================= //
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // UTIL_MATH_MATHLIMITS_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..99c4d452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MATHUTIL_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MATHUTIL_H_
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+template<typename T>
+bool IsNan(T value) {
+  return false;
+}
+template<>
+inline bool IsNan(float value) { return isnan(value); }
+template<>
+inline bool IsNan(double value) { return isnan(value); }
+
+template<typename T>
+bool AlmostEquals(T a, T b) {
+  return a == b;
+}
+template<>
+inline bool AlmostEquals(float a, float b) {
+  return fabs(a - b) < 32 * FLT_EPSILON;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool AlmostEquals(double a, double b) {
+  return fabs(a - b) < 32 * DBL_EPSILON;
+}
+}  // namespace internal
+
+class MathUtil {
+ public:
+  template<typename T>
+  static T Sign(T value) {
+    if (value == T(0) || ::google::protobuf::internal::IsNan<T>(value)) {
+      return value;
+    }
+    return value > T(0) ? value : -value;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  static bool AlmostEquals(T a, T b) {
+    return ::google::protobuf::internal::AlmostEquals(a, b);
+  }
+
+  // Largest of two values.
+  // Works correctly for special floating point values.
+  // Note: 0.0 and -0.0 are not differentiated by Max (Max(0.0, -0.0) is -0.0),
+  // which should be OK because, although they (can) have different
+  // bit representation, they are observably the same when examined
+  // with arithmetic and (in)equality operators.
+  template<typename T>
+  static T Max(const T x, const T y) {
+    return MathLimits<T>::IsNaN(x) || x > y ? x : y;
+  }
+
+  // Absolute value of x
+  // Works correctly for unsigned types and
+  // for special floating point values.
+  // Note: 0.0 and -0.0 are not differentiated by Abs (Abs(0.0) is -0.0),
+  // which should be OK: see the comment for Max above.
+  template<typename T>
+  static T Abs(const T x) {
+    return x > T(0) ? x : -x;
+  }
+
+  // Absolute value of the difference between two numbers.
+  // Works correctly for signed types and special floating point values.
+  template<typename T>
+  static typename MathLimits<T>::UnsignedType AbsDiff(const T x, const T y) {
+    // Carries out arithmetic as unsigned to avoid overflow.
+    typedef typename MathLimits<T>::UnsignedType R;
+    return x > y ? R(x) - R(y) : R(y) - R(x);
+  }
+
+  // If two (usually floating point) numbers are within a certain
+  // fraction of their magnitude or within a certain absolute margin of error.
+  // This is the same as the following but faster:
+  //   WithinFraction(x, y, fraction)  ||  WithinMargin(x, y, margin)
+  // E.g. WithinFraction(0.0, 1e-10, 1e-5) is false but
+  //      WithinFractionOrMargin(0.0, 1e-10, 1e-5, 1e-5) is true.
+  template<typename T>
+  static bool WithinFractionOrMargin(const T x, const T y,
+                                     const T fraction, const T margin);
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+bool MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin(const T x, const T y,
+                                      const T fraction, const T margin) {
+  // Not just "0 <= fraction" to fool the compiler for unsigned types.
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK((T(0) < fraction || T(0) == fraction) &&
+         fraction < T(1) &&
+         margin >= T(0));
+
+  // Template specialization will convert the if() condition to a constant,
+  // which will cause the compiler to generate code for either the "if" part
+  // or the "then" part.  In this way we avoid a compiler warning
+  // about a potential integer overflow in crosstool v12 (gcc 4.3.1).
+  if (MathLimits<T>::kIsInteger) {
+    return x == y;
+  } else {
+    // IsFinite checks are to make kPosInf and kNegInf not within fraction
+    if (!MathLimits<T>::IsFinite(x) && !MathLimits<T>::IsFinite(y)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    T relative_margin = static_cast<T>(fraction * Max(Abs(x), Abs(y)));
+    return AbsDiff(x, y) <= Max(margin, relative_margin);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MATHUTIL_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7ef1cb69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/mutex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2006, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MUTEX_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MUTEX_H_
+
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL
+#include <pthread.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/macros.h>
+
+// ===================================================================
+// emulates google3/base/mutex.h
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+// A Mutex is a non-reentrant (aka non-recursive) mutex.  At most one thread T
+// may hold a mutex at a given time.  If T attempts to Lock() the same Mutex
+// while holding it, T will deadlock.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Mutex {
+ public:
+  // Create a Mutex that is not held by anybody.
+  Mutex();
+
+  // Destructor
+  ~Mutex();
+
+  // Block if necessary until this Mutex is free, then acquire it exclusively.
+  void Lock();
+
+  // Release this Mutex.  Caller must hold it exclusively.
+  void Unlock();
+
+  // Crash if this Mutex is not held exclusively by this thread.
+  // May fail to crash when it should; will never crash when it should not.
+  void AssertHeld();
+
+ private:
+  struct Internal;
+  Internal* mInternal;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Mutex);
+};
+
+// Undefine the macros  to workaround the conflicts with Google internal
+// MutexLock implementation.
+// TODO(liujisi): Remove the undef once internal macros are removed.
+#undef MutexLock
+#undef ReaderMutexLock
+#undef WriterMutexLock
+#undef MutexLockMaybe
+
+// MutexLock(mu) acquires mu when constructed and releases it when destroyed.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MutexLock {
+ public:
+  explicit MutexLock(Mutex *mu) : mu_(mu) { this->mu_->Lock(); }
+  ~MutexLock() { this->mu_->Unlock(); }
+ private:
+  Mutex *const mu_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MutexLock);
+};
+
+// TODO(kenton):  Implement these?  Hard to implement portably.
+typedef MutexLock ReaderMutexLock;
+typedef MutexLock WriterMutexLock;
+
+// MutexLockMaybe is like MutexLock, but is a no-op when mu is NULL.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MutexLockMaybe {
+ public:
+  explicit MutexLockMaybe(Mutex *mu) :
+    mu_(mu) { if (this->mu_ != NULL) { this->mu_->Lock(); } }
+  ~MutexLockMaybe() { if (this->mu_ != NULL) { this->mu_->Unlock(); } }
+ private:
+  Mutex *const mu_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MutexLockMaybe);
+};
+
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL)
+template<typename T>
+class ThreadLocalStorage {
+ public:
+  ThreadLocalStorage() {
+    pthread_key_create(&key_, &ThreadLocalStorage::Delete);
+  }
+  ~ThreadLocalStorage() {
+    pthread_key_delete(key_);
+  }
+  T* Get() {
+    T* result = static_cast<T*>(pthread_getspecific(key_));
+    if (result == NULL) {
+      result = new T();
+      pthread_setspecific(key_, result);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+ private:
+  static void Delete(void* value) {
+    delete static_cast<T*>(value);
+  }
+  pthread_key_t key_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ThreadLocalStorage);
+};
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// We made these internal so that they would show up as such in the docs,
+// but we don't want to stick "internal::" in front of them everywhere.
+using internal::Mutex;
+using internal::MutexLock;
+using internal::ReaderMutexLock;
+using internal::WriterMutexLock;
+using internal::MutexLockMaybe;
+
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_MUTEX_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/once.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/once.h
index cc62bbaa..1f082c37 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/once.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/once.h
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_ONCE_H__
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/atomicops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/callback.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 
 namespace google {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h
index 1ff09b83..9e0344d8 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/platform_macros.h
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@
 #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_MACROS_H_
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_MACROS_H_
 
-#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
-
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_ERROR \
 #error "Host platform was not detected as supported by protobuf"
 
@@ -95,14 +93,28 @@ GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_ERROR
 
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_APPLE
+#include <TargetConditionals.h>
+#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_IPHONE
+#endif
 #elif defined(__native_client__)
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_NACL
 #elif defined(sun)
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_SOLARIS
 #elif defined(_AIX)
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_AIX
+#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_ANDROID
 #endif
 
 #undef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_ERROR
 
+#if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_ANDROID) || defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_IPHONE)
+// Android ndk does not support the __thread keyword very well yet. Here
+// we use pthread_key_create()/pthread_getspecific()/... methods for
+// TLS support on android.
+// iOS also does not support the __thread keyword.
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_THREADLOCAL
+#endif
+
 #endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PLATFORM_MACROS_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/port.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/port.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a5d1a13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/port.h
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_PORT_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_PORT_H_
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string>
+#include <string.h>
+#if defined(__osf__)
+// Tru64 lacks stdint.h, but has inttypes.h which defines a superset of
+// what stdint.h would define.
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#elif !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+#undef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+  // Assuming windows is always little-endian.
+  #if !defined(PROTOBUF_DISABLE_LITTLE_ENDIAN_OPT_FOR_TEST)
+    #define PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN 1
+  #endif
+  #if _MSC_VER >= 1300
+    // If MSVC has "/RTCc" set, it will complain about truncating casts at
+    // runtime.  This file contains some intentional truncating casts.
+    #pragma runtime_checks("c", off)
+  #endif
+#else
+  #include <sys/param.h>   // __BYTE_ORDER
+  #if ((defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && !defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__)) || \
+         (defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN)) && \
+      !defined(PROTOBUF_DISABLE_LITTLE_ENDIAN_OPT_FOR_TEST)
+    #define PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN 1
+  #endif
+#endif
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(PROTOBUF_USE_DLLS)
+  #ifdef LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORTS
+    #define LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+  #else
+    #define LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+  #endif
+  #ifdef LIBPROTOC_EXPORTS
+    #define LIBPROTOC_EXPORT   __declspec(dllexport)
+  #else
+    #define LIBPROTOC_EXPORT   __declspec(dllimport)
+  #endif
+#else
+  #define LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT
+  #define LIBPROTOC_EXPORT
+#endif
+
+// ===================================================================
+// from google3/base/port.h
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+typedef unsigned int uint;
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+typedef signed __int8  int8;
+typedef __int16 int16;
+typedef __int32 int32;
+typedef __int64 int64;
+
+typedef unsigned __int8  uint8;
+typedef unsigned __int16 uint16;
+typedef unsigned __int32 uint32;
+typedef unsigned __int64 uint64;
+#else
+typedef signed char  int8;
+typedef short int16;
+typedef int int32;
+// NOTE: This should be "long long" for consistency with upstream, but
+// something is stacked against this particular type for 64bit hashing.
+// Switching it causes an obvious missing hash function (with an unobvious
+// cause) when building the tests.
+typedef int64_t int64;
+
+typedef unsigned char  uint8;
+typedef unsigned short uint16;
+typedef unsigned int uint32;
+// NOTE: This should be "unsigned long long" for consistency with upstream, but
+// something is stacked against this particular type for 64bit hashing.
+// Switching it causes an obvious missing hash function (with an unobvious
+// cause) when building the tests.
+typedef uint64_t uint64;
+#endif
+
+// long long macros to be used because gcc and vc++ use different suffixes,
+// and different size specifiers in format strings
+#undef GOOGLE_LONGLONG
+#undef GOOGLE_ULONGLONG
+#undef GOOGLE_LL_FORMAT
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define GOOGLE_LONGLONG(x) x##I64
+#define GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(x) x##UI64
+#define GOOGLE_LL_FORMAT "I64"  // As in printf("%I64d", ...)
+#else
+#define GOOGLE_LONGLONG(x) x##LL
+#define GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(x) x##ULL
+#define GOOGLE_LL_FORMAT "ll"  // As in "%lld". Note that "q" is poor form also.
+#endif
+
+static const int32 kint32max = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+static const int32 kint32min = -kint32max - 1;
+static const int64 kint64max = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
+static const int64 kint64min = -kint64max - 1;
+static const uint32 kuint32max = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+static const uint64 kuint64max = GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Annotations:  Some parts of the code have been annotated in ways that might
+//   be useful to some compilers or tools, but are not supported universally.
+//   You can #define these annotations yourself if the default implementation
+//   is not right for you.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 3 ||(__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
+// For functions we want to force inline.
+// Introduced in gcc 3.1.
+#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE __attribute__ ((always_inline))
+#else
+// Other compilers will have to figure it out for themselves.
+#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 3 ||(__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
+// For functions we want to force not inline.
+// Introduced in gcc 3.1.
+#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE __attribute__ ((noinline))
+#else
+// Other compilers will have to figure it out for themselves.
+#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_DEPRECATED
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// If the method/variable/type is used anywhere, produce a warning.
+#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated))
+#else
+#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_DEPRECATED
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// Provided at least since GCC 3.0.
+#define GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(x) (__builtin_expect(!!(x), 1))
+#else
+#define GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// Provided at least since GCC 3.0.
+#define GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(x) (__builtin_expect(x, 0))
+#else
+#define GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// Delimits a block of code which may write to memory which is simultaneously
+// written by other threads, but which has been determined to be thread-safe
+// (e.g. because it is an idempotent write).
+#ifndef GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN
+#define GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN()
+#endif
+#ifndef GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END
+#define GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END()
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__has_cpp_attribute) \
+    && !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_APPLE)
+# if defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_OS_NACL) || defined(EMSCRIPTEN) || \
+     __has_cpp_attribute(clang::fallthrough)
+#  define GOOGLE_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED [[clang::fallthrough]]
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED
+# define GOOGLE_FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED
+#endif
+
+#define GOOGLE_GUARDED_BY(x)
+#define GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD
+
+// x86 and x86-64 can perform unaligned loads/stores directly.
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__) || \
+    defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__i386__)
+
+#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD16(_p) (*reinterpret_cast<const uint16 *>(_p))
+#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD32(_p) (*reinterpret_cast<const uint32 *>(_p))
+#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(_p) (*reinterpret_cast<const uint64 *>(_p))
+
+#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE16(_p, _val) (*reinterpret_cast<uint16 *>(_p) = (_val))
+#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE32(_p, _val) (*reinterpret_cast<uint32 *>(_p) = (_val))
+#define GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE64(_p, _val) (*reinterpret_cast<uint64 *>(_p) = (_val))
+
+#else
+inline uint16 GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD16(const void *p) {
+  uint16 t;
+  memcpy(&t, p, sizeof t);
+  return t;
+}
+
+inline uint32 GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD32(const void *p) {
+  uint32 t;
+  memcpy(&t, p, sizeof t);
+  return t;
+}
+
+inline uint64 GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(const void *p) {
+  uint64 t;
+  memcpy(&t, p, sizeof t);
+  return t;
+}
+
+inline void GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE16(void *p, uint16 v) {
+  memcpy(p, &v, sizeof v);
+}
+
+inline void GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE32(void *p, uint32 v) {
+  memcpy(p, &v, sizeof v);
+}
+
+inline void GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE64(void *p, uint64 v) {
+  memcpy(p, &v, sizeof v);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL __declspec(thread)
+#else
+#define GOOGLE_THREAD_LOCAL __thread
+#endif
+
+// The following guarantees declaration of the byte swap functions, and
+// defines __BYTE_ORDER for MSVC
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <stdlib.h>  // NOLINT(build/include)
+#define __BYTE_ORDER __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#define bswap_16(x) _byteswap_ushort(x)
+#define bswap_32(x) _byteswap_ulong(x)
+#define bswap_64(x) _byteswap_uint64(x)
+
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+// Mac OS X / Darwin features
+#include <libkern/OSByteOrder.h>
+#define bswap_16(x) OSSwapInt16(x)
+#define bswap_32(x) OSSwapInt32(x)
+#define bswap_64(x) OSSwapInt64(x)
+
+#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#include <byteswap.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
+
+#else
+
+static inline uint16 bswap_16(uint16 x) {
+  return static_cast<uint16>(((x & 0xFF) << 8) | ((x & 0xFF00) >> 8));
+}
+#define bswap_16(x) bswap_16(x)
+static inline uint32 bswap_32(uint32 x) {
+  return (((x & 0xFF) << 24) |
+          ((x & 0xFF00) << 8) |
+          ((x & 0xFF0000) >> 8) |
+          ((x & 0xFF000000) >> 24));
+}
+#define bswap_32(x) bswap_32(x)
+static inline uint64 bswap_64(uint64 x) {
+  return (((x & GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0xFF)) << 56) |
+          ((x & GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0xFF00)) << 40) |
+          ((x & GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0xFF0000)) << 24) |
+          ((x & GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0xFF000000)) << 8) |
+          ((x & GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0xFF00000000)) >> 8) |
+          ((x & GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0xFF0000000000)) >> 24) |
+          ((x & GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0xFF000000000000)) >> 40) |
+          ((x & GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0xFF00000000000000)) >> 56));
+}
+#define bswap_64(x) bswap_64(x)
+
+#endif
+
+// ===================================================================
+// from google3/util/endian/endian.h
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT uint32 ghtonl(uint32 x);
+
+class BigEndian {
+ public:
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+
+  static uint16 FromHost16(uint16 x) { return bswap_16(x); }
+  static uint16 ToHost16(uint16 x) { return bswap_16(x); }
+
+  static uint32 FromHost32(uint32 x) { return bswap_32(x); }
+  static uint32 ToHost32(uint32 x) { return bswap_32(x); }
+
+  static uint64 FromHost64(uint64 x) { return bswap_64(x); }
+  static uint64 ToHost64(uint64 x) { return bswap_64(x); }
+
+  static bool IsLittleEndian() { return true; }
+
+#else
+
+  static uint16 FromHost16(uint16 x) { return x; }
+  static uint16 ToHost16(uint16 x) { return x; }
+
+  static uint32 FromHost32(uint32 x) { return x; }
+  static uint32 ToHost32(uint32 x) { return x; }
+
+  static uint64 FromHost64(uint64 x) { return x; }
+  static uint64 ToHost64(uint64 x) { return x; }
+
+  static bool IsLittleEndian() { return false; }
+
+#endif /* ENDIAN */
+
+  // Functions to do unaligned loads and stores in big-endian order.
+  static uint16 Load16(const void *p) {
+    return ToHost16(GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD16(p));
+  }
+
+  static void Store16(void *p, uint16 v) {
+    GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE16(p, FromHost16(v));
+  }
+
+  static uint32 Load32(const void *p) {
+    return ToHost32(GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD32(p));
+  }
+
+  static void Store32(void *p, uint32 v) {
+    GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE32(p, FromHost32(v));
+  }
+
+  static uint64 Load64(const void *p) {
+    return ToHost64(GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_LOAD64(p));
+  }
+
+  static void Store64(void *p, uint64 v) {
+    GOOGLE_UNALIGNED_STORE64(p, FromHost64(v));
+  }
+};
+
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_PORT_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/scoped_ptr.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/scoped_ptr.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4423c118
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/scoped_ptr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_SCOPED_PTR_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_SCOPED_PTR_H_
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/port.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// ===================================================================
+// from google3/base/scoped_ptr.h
+
+namespace internal {
+
+//  This is an implementation designed to match the anticipated future TR2
+//  implementation of the scoped_ptr class, and its closely-related brethren,
+//  scoped_array, scoped_ptr_malloc, and make_scoped_ptr.
+
+template <class C> class scoped_ptr;
+template <class C> class scoped_array;
+
+// A scoped_ptr<T> is like a T*, except that the destructor of scoped_ptr<T>
+// automatically deletes the pointer it holds (if any).
+// That is, scoped_ptr<T> owns the T object that it points to.
+// Like a T*, a scoped_ptr<T> may hold either NULL or a pointer to a T object.
+//
+// The size of a scoped_ptr is small:
+// sizeof(scoped_ptr<C>) == sizeof(C*)
+template <class C>
+class scoped_ptr {
+ public:
+
+  // The element type
+  typedef C element_type;
+
+  // Constructor.  Defaults to initializing with NULL.
+  // There is no way to create an uninitialized scoped_ptr.
+  // The input parameter must be allocated with new.
+  explicit scoped_ptr(C* p = NULL) : ptr_(p) { }
+
+  // Destructor.  If there is a C object, delete it.
+  // We don't need to test ptr_ == NULL because C++ does that for us.
+  ~scoped_ptr() {
+    enum { type_must_be_complete = sizeof(C) };
+    delete ptr_;
+  }
+
+  // Reset.  Deletes the current owned object, if any.
+  // Then takes ownership of a new object, if given.
+  // this->reset(this->get()) works.
+  void reset(C* p = NULL) {
+    if (p != ptr_) {
+      enum { type_must_be_complete = sizeof(C) };
+      delete ptr_;
+      ptr_ = p;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Accessors to get the owned object.
+  // operator* and operator-> will assert() if there is no current object.
+  C& operator*() const {
+    assert(ptr_ != NULL);
+    return *ptr_;
+  }
+  C* operator->() const  {
+    assert(ptr_ != NULL);
+    return ptr_;
+  }
+  C* get() const { return ptr_; }
+
+  // Comparison operators.
+  // These return whether two scoped_ptr refer to the same object, not just to
+  // two different but equal objects.
+  bool operator==(C* p) const { return ptr_ == p; }
+  bool operator!=(C* p) const { return ptr_ != p; }
+
+  // Swap two scoped pointers.
+  void swap(scoped_ptr& p2) {
+    C* tmp = ptr_;
+    ptr_ = p2.ptr_;
+    p2.ptr_ = tmp;
+  }
+
+  // Release a pointer.
+  // The return value is the current pointer held by this object.
+  // If this object holds a NULL pointer, the return value is NULL.
+  // After this operation, this object will hold a NULL pointer,
+  // and will not own the object any more.
+  C* release() {
+    C* retVal = ptr_;
+    ptr_ = NULL;
+    return retVal;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  C* ptr_;
+
+  // Forbid comparison of scoped_ptr types.  If C2 != C, it totally doesn't
+  // make sense, and if C2 == C, it still doesn't make sense because you should
+  // never have the same object owned by two different scoped_ptrs.
+  template <class C2> bool operator==(scoped_ptr<C2> const& p2) const;
+  template <class C2> bool operator!=(scoped_ptr<C2> const& p2) const;
+
+  // Disallow evil constructors
+  scoped_ptr(const scoped_ptr&);
+  void operator=(const scoped_ptr&);
+};
+
+// scoped_array<C> is like scoped_ptr<C>, except that the caller must allocate
+// with new [] and the destructor deletes objects with delete [].
+//
+// As with scoped_ptr<C>, a scoped_array<C> either points to an object
+// or is NULL.  A scoped_array<C> owns the object that it points to.
+//
+// Size: sizeof(scoped_array<C>) == sizeof(C*)
+template <class C>
+class scoped_array {
+ public:
+
+  // The element type
+  typedef C element_type;
+
+  // Constructor.  Defaults to initializing with NULL.
+  // There is no way to create an uninitialized scoped_array.
+  // The input parameter must be allocated with new [].
+  explicit scoped_array(C* p = NULL) : array_(p) { }
+
+  // Destructor.  If there is a C object, delete it.
+  // We don't need to test ptr_ == NULL because C++ does that for us.
+  ~scoped_array() {
+    enum { type_must_be_complete = sizeof(C) };
+    delete[] array_;
+  }
+
+  // Reset.  Deletes the current owned object, if any.
+  // Then takes ownership of a new object, if given.
+  // this->reset(this->get()) works.
+  void reset(C* p = NULL) {
+    if (p != array_) {
+      enum { type_must_be_complete = sizeof(C) };
+      delete[] array_;
+      array_ = p;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get one element of the current object.
+  // Will assert() if there is no current object, or index i is negative.
+  C& operator[](std::ptrdiff_t i) const {
+    assert(i >= 0);
+    assert(array_ != NULL);
+    return array_[i];
+  }
+
+  // Get a pointer to the zeroth element of the current object.
+  // If there is no current object, return NULL.
+  C* get() const {
+    return array_;
+  }
+
+  // Comparison operators.
+  // These return whether two scoped_array refer to the same object, not just to
+  // two different but equal objects.
+  bool operator==(C* p) const { return array_ == p; }
+  bool operator!=(C* p) const { return array_ != p; }
+
+  // Swap two scoped arrays.
+  void swap(scoped_array& p2) {
+    C* tmp = array_;
+    array_ = p2.array_;
+    p2.array_ = tmp;
+  }
+
+  // Release an array.
+  // The return value is the current pointer held by this object.
+  // If this object holds a NULL pointer, the return value is NULL.
+  // After this operation, this object will hold a NULL pointer,
+  // and will not own the object any more.
+  C* release() {
+    C* retVal = array_;
+    array_ = NULL;
+    return retVal;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  C* array_;
+
+  // Forbid comparison of different scoped_array types.
+  template <class C2> bool operator==(scoped_array<C2> const& p2) const;
+  template <class C2> bool operator!=(scoped_array<C2> const& p2) const;
+
+  // Disallow evil constructors
+  scoped_array(const scoped_array&);
+  void operator=(const scoped_array&);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// We made these internal so that they would show up as such in the docs,
+// but we don't want to stick "internal::" in front of them everywhere.
+using internal::scoped_ptr;
+using internal::scoped_array;
+
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_SCOPED_PTR_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/singleton.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/singleton.h
index e123e4fe..9301f549 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/singleton.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/singleton.h
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ class Singleton {
     GoogleOnceInit(&once_, &Singleton<T>::Init);
     return instance_;
   }
+  static void ShutDown() {
+    delete instance_;
+    instance_ = NULL;
+  }
  private:
   static void Init() {
     instance_ = new T();
@@ -56,7 +60,7 @@ template<typename T>
 ProtobufOnceType Singleton<T>::once_;
 
 template<typename T>
-T* Singleton<T>::instance_;
+T* Singleton<T>::instance_ = NULL;
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7314c563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+#include <ostream>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace error {
+inline string CodeEnumToString(error::Code code) {
+  switch (code) {
+    case OK:
+      return "OK";
+    case CANCELLED:
+      return "CANCELLED";
+    case UNKNOWN:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+    case INVALID_ARGUMENT:
+      return "INVALID_ARGUMENT";
+    case DEADLINE_EXCEEDED:
+      return "DEADLINE_EXCEEDED";
+    case NOT_FOUND:
+      return "NOT_FOUND";
+    case ALREADY_EXISTS:
+      return "ALREADY_EXISTS";
+    case PERMISSION_DENIED:
+      return "PERMISSION_DENIED";
+    case UNAUTHENTICATED:
+      return "UNAUTHENTICATED";
+    case RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED:
+      return "RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED";
+    case FAILED_PRECONDITION:
+      return "FAILED_PRECONDITION";
+    case ABORTED:
+      return "ABORTED";
+    case OUT_OF_RANGE:
+      return "OUT_OF_RANGE";
+    case UNIMPLEMENTED:
+      return "UNIMPLEMENTED";
+    case INTERNAL:
+      return "INTERNAL";
+    case UNAVAILABLE:
+      return "UNAVAILABLE";
+    case DATA_LOSS:
+      return "DATA_LOSS";
+  }
+
+  // No default clause, clang will abort if a code is missing from
+  // above switch.
+  return "UNKNOWN";
+}
+}  // namespace error.
+
+const Status Status::OK = Status();
+const Status Status::CANCELLED = Status(error::CANCELLED, "");
+const Status Status::UNKNOWN = Status(error::UNKNOWN, "");
+
+Status::Status() : error_code_(error::OK) {
+}
+
+Status::Status(error::Code error_code, StringPiece error_message)
+    : error_code_(error_code) {
+  if (error_code != error::OK) {
+    error_message_ = error_message.ToString();
+  }
+}
+
+Status::Status(const Status& other)
+    : error_code_(other.error_code_), error_message_(other.error_message_) {
+}
+
+Status& Status::operator=(const Status& other) {
+  error_code_ = other.error_code_;
+  error_message_ = other.error_message_;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+bool Status::operator==(const Status& x) const {
+  return error_code_ == x.error_code_ &&
+      error_message_ == x.error_message_;
+}
+
+string Status::ToString() const {
+  if (error_code_ == error::OK) {
+    return "OK";
+  } else {
+    if (error_message_.empty()) {
+      return error::CodeEnumToString(error_code_);
+    } else {
+      return error::CodeEnumToString(error_code_) + ":" +
+          error_message_;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Status& x) {
+  os << x.ToString();
+  return os;
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..614ab994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status.h
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUS_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUS_H_
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace error {
+// These values must match error codes defined in google/rpc/code.proto.
+enum Code {
+  OK = 0,
+  CANCELLED = 1,
+  UNKNOWN = 2,
+  INVALID_ARGUMENT = 3,
+  DEADLINE_EXCEEDED = 4,
+  NOT_FOUND = 5,
+  ALREADY_EXISTS = 6,
+  PERMISSION_DENIED = 7,
+  UNAUTHENTICATED = 16,
+  RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED = 8,
+  FAILED_PRECONDITION = 9,
+  ABORTED = 10,
+  OUT_OF_RANGE = 11,
+  UNIMPLEMENTED = 12,
+  INTERNAL = 13,
+  UNAVAILABLE = 14,
+  DATA_LOSS = 15,
+};
+}  // namespace error
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Status {
+ public:
+  // Creates a "successful" status.
+  Status();
+
+  // Create a status in the canonical error space with the specified
+  // code, and error message.  If "code == 0", error_message is
+  // ignored and a Status object identical to Status::OK is
+  // constructed.
+  Status(error::Code error_code, StringPiece error_message);
+  Status(const Status&);
+  Status& operator=(const Status& x);
+  ~Status() {}
+
+  // Some pre-defined Status objects
+  static const Status OK;             // Identical to 0-arg constructor
+  static const Status CANCELLED;
+  static const Status UNKNOWN;
+
+  // Accessor
+  bool ok() const {
+    return error_code_ == error::OK;
+  }
+  int error_code() const {
+    return error_code_;
+  }
+  StringPiece error_message() const {
+    return error_message_;
+  }
+
+  bool operator==(const Status& x) const;
+  bool operator!=(const Status& x) const {
+    return !operator==(x);
+  }
+
+  // Return a combination of the error code name and message.
+  string ToString() const;
+
+ private:
+  error::Code error_code_;
+  string error_message_;
+};
+
+// Prints a human-readable representation of 'x' to 'os'.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Status& x);
+
+#define EXPECT_OK(value) EXPECT_TRUE((value).ok())
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUS_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..743e79a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// From: util/task/contrib/status_macros/status_macros.h
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUS_MACROS_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUS_MACROS_H_
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+// Run a command that returns a util::Status.  If the called code returns an
+// error status, return that status up out of this method too.
+//
+// Example:
+//   RETURN_IF_ERROR(DoThings(4));
+#define RETURN_IF_ERROR(expr) \
+  do { \
+    /* Using _status below to avoid capture problems if expr is "status". */ \
+    const ::google::protobuf::util::Status _status = (expr); \
+    if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(!_status.ok())) return _status; \
+  } while (0)
+
+// Internal helper for concatenating macro values.
+#define STATUS_MACROS_CONCAT_NAME_INNER(x, y) x##y
+#define STATUS_MACROS_CONCAT_NAME(x, y) STATUS_MACROS_CONCAT_NAME_INNER(x, y)
+
+template<typename T>
+Status DoAssignOrReturn(T& lhs, StatusOr<T> result) {
+  if (result.ok()) {
+    lhs = result.ValueOrDie();
+  }
+  return result.status();
+}
+
+#define ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_IMPL(status, lhs, rexpr) \
+  Status status = DoAssignOrReturn(lhs, (rexpr)); \
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(!status.ok())) return status;
+
+// Executes an expression that returns a util::StatusOr, extracting its value
+// into the variable defined by lhs (or returning on error).
+//
+// Example: Assigning to an existing value
+//   ValueType value;
+//   ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(value, MaybeGetValue(arg));
+//
+// WARNING: ASSIGN_OR_RETURN expands into multiple statements; it cannot be used
+//  in a single statement (e.g. as the body of an if statement without {})!
+#define ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(lhs, rexpr) \
+  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_IMPL( \
+      STATUS_MACROS_CONCAT_NAME(_status_or_value, __COUNTER__), lhs, rexpr);
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUS_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c70c33c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/status_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+TEST(Status, Empty) {
+  util::Status status;
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::OK, util::Status::OK.error_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ("OK", util::Status::OK.ToString());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, GenericCodes) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::OK, util::Status::OK.error_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::CANCELLED, util::Status::CANCELLED.error_code());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::UNKNOWN, util::Status::UNKNOWN.error_code());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, ConstructorZero) {
+  util::Status status(util::error::OK, "msg");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(status.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ("OK", status.ToString());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, CheckOK) {
+  util::Status status;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(status);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(status) << "Failed";
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_OK(status) << "Failed";
+}
+
+TEST(Status, ErrorMessage) {
+  util::Status status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, "");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", status.error_message().ToString());
+  EXPECT_EQ("INVALID_ARGUMENT", status.ToString());
+  status = util::Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, "msg");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ("msg", status.error_message().ToString());
+  EXPECT_EQ("INVALID_ARGUMENT:msg", status.ToString());
+  status = util::Status(util::error::OK, "msg");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(status.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", status.error_message().ToString());
+  EXPECT_EQ("OK", status.ToString());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, Copy) {
+  util::Status a(util::error::UNKNOWN, "message");
+  util::Status b(a);
+  ASSERT_EQ(a.ToString(), b.ToString());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, Assign) {
+  util::Status a(util::error::UNKNOWN, "message");
+  util::Status b;
+  b = a;
+  ASSERT_EQ(a.ToString(), b.ToString());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, AssignEmpty) {
+  util::Status a(util::error::UNKNOWN, "message");
+  util::Status b;
+  a = b;
+  ASSERT_EQ(string("OK"), a.ToString());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(b.ok());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(a.ok());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, EqualsOK) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(util::Status::OK, util::Status());
+}
+
+TEST(Status, EqualsSame) {
+  const util::Status a = util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "message");
+  const util::Status b = util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "message");
+  ASSERT_EQ(a, b);
+}
+
+TEST(Status, EqualsCopy) {
+  const util::Status a = util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "message");
+  const util::Status b = a;
+  ASSERT_EQ(a, b);
+}
+
+TEST(Status, EqualsDifferentCode) {
+  const util::Status a = util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "message");
+  const util::Status b = util::Status(util::error::UNKNOWN, "message");
+  ASSERT_NE(a, b);
+}
+
+TEST(Status, EqualsDifferentMessage) {
+  const util::Status a = util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "message");
+  const util::Status b = util::Status(util::error::CANCELLED, "another");
+  ASSERT_NE(a, b);
+}
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48d1402a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace internal {
+
+void StatusOrHelper::Crash(const Status& status) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Attempting to fetch value instead of handling error "
+                    << status.ToString();
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9d2b374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// StatusOr<T> is the union of a Status object and a T
+// object. StatusOr models the concept of an object that is either a
+// usable value, or an error Status explaining why such a value is
+// not present. To this end, StatusOr<T> does not allow its Status
+// value to be Status::OK. Further, StatusOr<T*> does not allow the
+// contained pointer to be NULL.
+//
+// The primary use-case for StatusOr<T> is as the return value of a
+// function which may fail.
+//
+// Example client usage for a StatusOr<T>, where T is not a pointer:
+//
+//  StatusOr<float> result = DoBigCalculationThatCouldFail();
+//  if (result.ok()) {
+//    float answer = result.ValueOrDie();
+//    printf("Big calculation yielded: %f", answer);
+//  } else {
+//    LOG(ERROR) << result.status();
+//  }
+//
+// Example client usage for a StatusOr<T*>:
+//
+//  StatusOr<Foo*> result = FooFactory::MakeNewFoo(arg);
+//  if (result.ok()) {
+//    std::unique_ptr<Foo> foo(result.ValueOrDie());
+//    foo->DoSomethingCool();
+//  } else {
+//    LOG(ERROR) << result.status();
+//  }
+//
+// Example client usage for a StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<T>>:
+//
+//  StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<Foo>> result = FooFactory::MakeNewFoo(arg);
+//  if (result.ok()) {
+//    std::unique_ptr<Foo> foo = result.ConsumeValueOrDie();
+//    foo->DoSomethingCool();
+//  } else {
+//    LOG(ERROR) << result.status();
+//  }
+//
+// Example factory implementation returning StatusOr<T*>:
+//
+//  StatusOr<Foo*> FooFactory::MakeNewFoo(int arg) {
+//    if (arg <= 0) {
+//      return ::util::Status(::util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+//                            "Arg must be positive");
+//    } else {
+//      return new Foo(arg);
+//    }
+//  }
+//
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUSOR_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUSOR_H_
+
+#include <new>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+template<typename T>
+class StatusOr {
+  template<typename U> friend class StatusOr;
+
+ public:
+  // Construct a new StatusOr with Status::UNKNOWN status
+  StatusOr();
+
+  // Construct a new StatusOr with the given non-ok status. After calling
+  // this constructor, calls to ValueOrDie() will CHECK-fail.
+  //
+  // NOTE: Not explicit - we want to use StatusOr<T> as a return
+  // value, so it is convenient and sensible to be able to do 'return
+  // Status()' when the return type is StatusOr<T>.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: status != Status::OK. This requirement is DCHECKed.
+  // In optimized builds, passing Status::OK here will have the effect
+  // of passing PosixErrorSpace::EINVAL as a fallback.
+  StatusOr(const Status& status);  // NOLINT
+
+  // Construct a new StatusOr with the given value. If T is a plain pointer,
+  // value must not be NULL. After calling this constructor, calls to
+  // ValueOrDie() will succeed, and calls to status() will return OK.
+  //
+  // NOTE: Not explicit - we want to use StatusOr<T> as a return type
+  // so it is convenient and sensible to be able to do 'return T()'
+  // when when the return type is StatusOr<T>.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: if T is a plain pointer, value != NULL. This requirement is
+  // DCHECKed. In optimized builds, passing a NULL pointer here will have
+  // the effect of passing PosixErrorSpace::EINVAL as a fallback.
+  StatusOr(const T& value);  // NOLINT
+
+  // Copy constructor.
+  StatusOr(const StatusOr& other);
+
+  // Conversion copy constructor, T must be copy constructible from U
+  template<typename U>
+  StatusOr(const StatusOr<U>& other);
+
+  // Assignment operator.
+  StatusOr& operator=(const StatusOr& other);
+
+  // Conversion assignment operator, T must be assignable from U
+  template<typename U>
+  StatusOr& operator=(const StatusOr<U>& other);
+
+  // Returns a reference to our status. If this contains a T, then
+  // returns Status::OK.
+  const Status& status() const;
+
+  // Returns this->status().ok()
+  bool ok() const;
+
+  // Returns a reference to our current value, or CHECK-fails if !this->ok().
+  // If you need to initialize a T object from the stored value,
+  // ConsumeValueOrDie() may be more efficient.
+  const T& ValueOrDie() const;
+
+ private:
+  Status status_;
+  T value_;
+};
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Implementation details for StatusOr<T>
+
+namespace internal {
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT StatusOrHelper {
+ public:
+  // Move type-agnostic error handling to the .cc.
+  static void Crash(const util::Status& status);
+
+  // Customized behavior for StatusOr<T> vs. StatusOr<T*>
+  template<typename T>
+  struct Specialize;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct StatusOrHelper::Specialize {
+  // For non-pointer T, a reference can never be NULL.
+  static inline bool IsValueNull(const T& t) { return false; }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct StatusOrHelper::Specialize<T*> {
+  static inline bool IsValueNull(const T* t) { return t == NULL; }
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+template<typename T>
+inline StatusOr<T>::StatusOr()
+    : status_(util::Status::UNKNOWN) {
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline StatusOr<T>::StatusOr(const Status& status) {
+  if (status.ok()) {
+    status_ = Status(error::INTERNAL, "Status::OK is not a valid argument.");
+  } else {
+    status_ = status;
+  }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline StatusOr<T>::StatusOr(const T& value) {
+  if (internal::StatusOrHelper::Specialize<T>::IsValueNull(value)) {
+    status_ = Status(error::INTERNAL, "NULL is not a vaild argument.");
+  } else {
+    status_ = Status::OK;
+    value_ = value;
+  }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline StatusOr<T>::StatusOr(const StatusOr<T>& other)
+    : status_(other.status_), value_(other.value_) {
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline StatusOr<T>& StatusOr<T>::operator=(const StatusOr<T>& other) {
+  status_ = other.status_;
+  value_ = other.value_;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+template<typename U>
+inline StatusOr<T>::StatusOr(const StatusOr<U>& other)
+    : status_(other.status_), value_(other.value_) {
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+template<typename U>
+inline StatusOr<T>& StatusOr<T>::operator=(const StatusOr<U>& other) {
+  status_ = other.status_;
+  value_ = other.value_;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline const Status& StatusOr<T>::status() const {
+  return status_;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline bool StatusOr<T>::ok() const {
+  return status().ok();
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline const T& StatusOr<T>::ValueOrDie() const {
+  if (!status_.ok()) {
+    internal::StatusOrHelper::Crash(status_);
+  }
+  return value_;
+}
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STATUSOR_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e2a9e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/statusor_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace {
+
+class Base1 {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Base1() {}
+  int pad;
+};
+
+class Base2 {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Base2() {}
+  int yetotherpad;
+};
+
+class Derived : public Base1, public Base2 {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Derived() {}
+  int evenmorepad;
+};
+
+class CopyNoAssign {
+ public:
+  explicit CopyNoAssign(int value) : foo(value) {}
+  CopyNoAssign(const CopyNoAssign& other) : foo(other.foo) {}
+  int foo;
+ private:
+  const CopyNoAssign& operator=(const CopyNoAssign&);
+};
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestDefaultCtor) {
+  StatusOr<int> thing;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(thing.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Status::UNKNOWN, thing.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestStatusCtor) {
+  StatusOr<int> thing(Status::CANCELLED);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(thing.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Status::CANCELLED, thing.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestValueCtor) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<int> thing(kI);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(thing.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(kI, thing.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestCopyCtorStatusOk) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<int> original(kI);
+  StatusOr<int> copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.ValueOrDie(), copy.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestCopyCtorStatusNotOk) {
+  StatusOr<int> original(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<int> copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestCopyCtorStatusOKConverting) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<int>    original(kI);
+  StatusOr<double> copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.ValueOrDie(), copy.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestCopyCtorStatusNotOkConverting) {
+  StatusOr<int>    original(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<double> copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestAssignmentStatusOk) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<int> source(kI);
+  StatusOr<int> target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.ValueOrDie(), target.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestAssignmentStatusNotOk) {
+  StatusOr<int> source(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<int> target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestAssignmentStatusOKConverting) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<int>    source(kI);
+  StatusOr<double> target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(source.ValueOrDie(), target.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestAssignmentStatusNotOkConverting) {
+  StatusOr<int>    source(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<double> target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestStatus) {
+  StatusOr<int> good(4);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(good.ok());
+  StatusOr<int> bad(Status::CANCELLED);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(bad.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Status::CANCELLED, bad.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestValue) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<int> thing(kI);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kI, thing.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestValueConst) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  const StatusOr<int> thing(kI);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kI, thing.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerDefaultCtor) {
+  StatusOr<int*> thing;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(thing.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Status::UNKNOWN, thing.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerStatusCtor) {
+  StatusOr<int*> thing(Status::CANCELLED);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(thing.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(Status::CANCELLED, thing.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerValueCtor) {
+  const int kI = 4;
+  StatusOr<const int*> thing(&kI);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(thing.ok());
+  EXPECT_EQ(&kI, thing.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerCopyCtorStatusOk) {
+  const int kI = 0;
+  StatusOr<const int*> original(&kI);
+  StatusOr<const int*> copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.ValueOrDie(), copy.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerCopyCtorStatusNotOk) {
+  StatusOr<int*> original(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<int*> copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerCopyCtorStatusOKConverting) {
+  Derived derived;
+  StatusOr<Derived*> original(&derived);
+  StatusOr<Base2*>   copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<const Base2*>(original.ValueOrDie()),
+            copy.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerCopyCtorStatusNotOkConverting) {
+  StatusOr<Derived*> original(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<Base2*>   copy(original);
+  EXPECT_EQ(original.status(), copy.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerAssignmentStatusOk) {
+  const int kI = 0;
+  StatusOr<const int*> source(&kI);
+  StatusOr<const int*> target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.ValueOrDie(), target.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerAssignmentStatusNotOk) {
+  StatusOr<int*> source(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<int*> target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerAssignmentStatusOKConverting) {
+  Derived derived;
+  StatusOr<Derived*> source(&derived);
+  StatusOr<Base2*>   target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<const Base2*>(source.ValueOrDie()),
+            target.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerAssignmentStatusNotOkConverting) {
+  StatusOr<Derived*> source(Status::CANCELLED);
+  StatusOr<Base2*>   target;
+  target = source;
+  EXPECT_EQ(source.status(), target.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerStatus) {
+  const int kI = 0;
+  StatusOr<const int*> good(&kI);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(good.ok());
+  StatusOr<const int*> bad(Status::CANCELLED);
+  EXPECT_EQ(Status::CANCELLED, bad.status());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerValue) {
+  const int kI = 0;
+  StatusOr<const int*> thing(&kI);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&kI, thing.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+TEST(StatusOr, TestPointerValueConst) {
+  const int kI = 0;
+  const StatusOr<const int*> thing(&kI);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&kI, thing.ValueOrDie());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..989474b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <climits>
+#include <string>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, StringPiece piece) {
+  o.write(piece.data(), piece.size());
+  return o;
+}
+
+// Out-of-line error path.
+void StringPiece::LogFatalSizeTooBig(size_t size, const char* details) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "size too big: " << size << " details: " << details;
+}
+
+StringPiece::StringPiece(StringPiece x, stringpiece_ssize_type pos)
+    : ptr_(x.ptr_ + pos), length_(x.length_ - pos) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(0, pos);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(pos, x.length_);
+}
+
+StringPiece::StringPiece(StringPiece x,
+                         stringpiece_ssize_type pos,
+                         stringpiece_ssize_type len)
+    : ptr_(x.ptr_ + pos), length_(std::min(len, x.length_ - pos)) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(0, pos);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(pos, x.length_);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(len, 0);
+}
+
+void StringPiece::CopyToString(string* target) const {
+  target->assign(ptr_, length_);
+}
+
+void StringPiece::AppendToString(string* target) const {
+  target->append(ptr_, length_);
+}
+
+bool StringPiece::Consume(StringPiece x) {
+  if (starts_with(x)) {
+    ptr_ += x.length_;
+    length_ -= x.length_;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool StringPiece::ConsumeFromEnd(StringPiece x) {
+  if (ends_with(x)) {
+    length_ -= x.length_;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::copy(char* buf,
+                                         size_type n,
+                                         size_type pos) const {
+  stringpiece_ssize_type ret = std::min(length_ - pos, n);
+  memcpy(buf, ptr_ + pos, ret);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+bool StringPiece::contains(StringPiece s) const {
+  return find(s, 0) != npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find(StringPiece s, size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0 || pos > static_cast<size_type>(length_)) {
+    if (length_ == 0 && pos == 0 && s.length_ == 0) return 0;
+    return npos;
+  }
+  const char *result = std::search(ptr_ + pos, ptr_ + length_,
+                                   s.ptr_, s.ptr_ + s.length_);
+  return result == ptr_ + length_ ? npos : result - ptr_;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find(char c, size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0 || pos >= static_cast<size_type>(length_)) {
+    return npos;
+  }
+  const char* result = static_cast<const char*>(
+      memchr(ptr_ + pos, c, length_ - pos));
+  return result != NULL ? result - ptr_ : npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::rfind(StringPiece s, size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ < s.length_) return npos;
+  const size_t ulen = length_;
+  if (s.length_ == 0) return std::min(ulen, pos);
+
+  const char* last = ptr_ + std::min(ulen - s.length_, pos) + s.length_;
+  const char* result = std::find_end(ptr_, last, s.ptr_, s.ptr_ + s.length_);
+  return result != last ? result - ptr_ : npos;
+}
+
+// Search range is [0..pos] inclusive.  If pos == npos, search everything.
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::rfind(char c, size_type pos) const {
+  // Note: memrchr() is not available on Windows.
+  if (length_ <= 0) return npos;
+  for (stringpiece_ssize_type i =
+      std::min(pos, static_cast<size_type>(length_ - 1));
+       i >= 0; --i) {
+    if (ptr_[i] == c) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+// For each character in characters_wanted, sets the index corresponding
+// to the ASCII code of that character to 1 in table.  This is used by
+// the find_.*_of methods below to tell whether or not a character is in
+// the lookup table in constant time.
+// The argument `table' must be an array that is large enough to hold all
+// the possible values of an unsigned char.  Thus it should be be declared
+// as follows:
+//   bool table[UCHAR_MAX + 1]
+static inline void BuildLookupTable(StringPiece characters_wanted,
+                                    bool* table) {
+  const stringpiece_ssize_type length = characters_wanted.length();
+  const char* const data = characters_wanted.data();
+  for (stringpiece_ssize_type i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+    table[static_cast<unsigned char>(data[i])] = true;
+  }
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find_first_of(StringPiece s,
+                                                  size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0 || s.length_ <= 0) {
+    return npos;
+  }
+  // Avoid the cost of BuildLookupTable() for a single-character search.
+  if (s.length_ == 1) return find_first_of(s.ptr_[0], pos);
+
+  bool lookup[UCHAR_MAX + 1] = { false };
+  BuildLookupTable(s, lookup);
+  for (stringpiece_ssize_type i = pos; i < length_; ++i) {
+    if (lookup[static_cast<unsigned char>(ptr_[i])]) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find_first_not_of(StringPiece s,
+                                                      size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0) return npos;
+  if (s.length_ <= 0) return 0;
+  // Avoid the cost of BuildLookupTable() for a single-character search.
+  if (s.length_ == 1) return find_first_not_of(s.ptr_[0], pos);
+
+  bool lookup[UCHAR_MAX + 1] = { false };
+  BuildLookupTable(s, lookup);
+  for (stringpiece_ssize_type i = pos; i < length_; ++i) {
+    if (!lookup[static_cast<unsigned char>(ptr_[i])]) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find_first_not_of(char c,
+                                                      size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0) return npos;
+
+  for (; pos < static_cast<size_type>(length_); ++pos) {
+    if (ptr_[pos] != c) {
+      return pos;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find_last_of(StringPiece s,
+                                                 size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0 || s.length_ <= 0) return npos;
+  // Avoid the cost of BuildLookupTable() for a single-character search.
+  if (s.length_ == 1) return find_last_of(s.ptr_[0], pos);
+
+  bool lookup[UCHAR_MAX + 1] = { false };
+  BuildLookupTable(s, lookup);
+  for (stringpiece_ssize_type i =
+       std::min(pos, static_cast<size_type>(length_ - 1)); i >= 0; --i) {
+    if (lookup[static_cast<unsigned char>(ptr_[i])]) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find_last_not_of(StringPiece s,
+                                                     size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0) return npos;
+
+  stringpiece_ssize_type i = std::min(pos, static_cast<size_type>(length_ - 1));
+  if (s.length_ <= 0) return i;
+
+  // Avoid the cost of BuildLookupTable() for a single-character search.
+  if (s.length_ == 1) return find_last_not_of(s.ptr_[0], pos);
+
+  bool lookup[UCHAR_MAX + 1] = { false };
+  BuildLookupTable(s, lookup);
+  for (; i >= 0; --i) {
+    if (!lookup[static_cast<unsigned char>(ptr_[i])]) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+stringpiece_ssize_type StringPiece::find_last_not_of(char c,
+                                                     size_type pos) const {
+  if (length_ <= 0) return npos;
+
+  for (stringpiece_ssize_type i =
+       std::min(pos, static_cast<size_type>(length_ - 1)); i >= 0; --i) {
+    if (ptr_[i] != c) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return npos;
+}
+
+StringPiece StringPiece::substr(size_type pos, size_type n) const {
+  if (pos > length_) pos = length_;
+  if (n > length_ - pos) n = length_ - pos;
+  return StringPiece(ptr_ + pos, n);
+}
+
+const StringPiece::size_type StringPiece::npos = size_type(-1);
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..353a60d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// A StringPiece points to part or all of a string, Cord, double-quoted string
+// literal, or other string-like object.  A StringPiece does *not* own the
+// string to which it points.  A StringPiece is not null-terminated.
+//
+// You can use StringPiece as a function or method parameter.  A StringPiece
+// parameter can receive a double-quoted string literal argument, a "const
+// char*" argument, a string argument, or a StringPiece argument with no data
+// copying.  Systematic use of StringPiece for arguments reduces data
+// copies and strlen() calls.
+//
+// Prefer passing StringPieces by value:
+//   void MyFunction(StringPiece arg);
+// If circumstances require, you may also pass by const reference:
+//   void MyFunction(const StringPiece& arg);  // not preferred
+// Both of these have the same lifetime semantics.  Passing by value
+// generates slightly smaller code.  For more discussion, see the thread
+// go/stringpiecebyvalue on c-users.
+//
+// StringPiece is also suitable for local variables if you know that
+// the lifetime of the underlying object is longer than the lifetime
+// of your StringPiece variable.
+//
+// Beware of binding a StringPiece to a temporary:
+//   StringPiece sp = obj.MethodReturningString();  // BAD: lifetime problem
+//
+// This code is okay:
+//   string str = obj.MethodReturningString();  // str owns its contents
+//   StringPiece sp(str);  // GOOD, because str outlives sp
+//
+// StringPiece is sometimes a poor choice for a return value and usually a poor
+// choice for a data member.  If you do use a StringPiece this way, it is your
+// responsibility to ensure that the object pointed to by the StringPiece
+// outlives the StringPiece.
+//
+// A StringPiece may represent just part of a string; thus the name "Piece".
+// For example, when splitting a string, vector<StringPiece> is a natural data
+// type for the output.  For another example, a Cord is a non-contiguous,
+// potentially very long string-like object.  The Cord class has an interface
+// that iteratively provides StringPiece objects that point to the
+// successive pieces of a Cord object.
+//
+// A StringPiece is not null-terminated.  If you write code that scans a
+// StringPiece, you must check its length before reading any characters.
+// Common idioms that work on null-terminated strings do not work on
+// StringPiece objects.
+//
+// There are several ways to create a null StringPiece:
+//   StringPiece()
+//   StringPiece(NULL)
+//   StringPiece(NULL, 0)
+// For all of the above, sp.data() == NULL, sp.length() == 0,
+// and sp.empty() == true.  Also, if you create a StringPiece with
+// a non-NULL pointer then sp.data() != NULL.  Once created,
+// sp.data() will stay either NULL or not-NULL, except if you call
+// sp.clear() or sp.set().
+//
+// Thus, you can use StringPiece(NULL) to signal an out-of-band value
+// that is different from other StringPiece values.  This is similar
+// to the way that const char* p1 = NULL; is different from
+// const char* p2 = "";.
+//
+// There are many ways to create an empty StringPiece:
+//   StringPiece()
+//   StringPiece(NULL)
+//   StringPiece(NULL, 0)
+//   StringPiece("")
+//   StringPiece("", 0)
+//   StringPiece("abcdef", 0)
+//   StringPiece("abcdef"+6, 0)
+// For all of the above, sp.length() will be 0 and sp.empty() will be true.
+// For some empty StringPiece values, sp.data() will be NULL.
+// For some empty StringPiece values, sp.data() will not be NULL.
+//
+// Be careful not to confuse: null StringPiece and empty StringPiece.
+// The set of empty StringPieces properly includes the set of null StringPieces.
+// That is, every null StringPiece is an empty StringPiece,
+// but some non-null StringPieces are empty Stringpieces too.
+//
+// All empty StringPiece values compare equal to each other.
+// Even a null StringPieces compares equal to a non-null empty StringPiece:
+//  StringPiece() == StringPiece("", 0)
+//  StringPiece(NULL) == StringPiece("abc", 0)
+//  StringPiece(NULL, 0) == StringPiece("abcdef"+6, 0)
+//
+// Look carefully at this example:
+//   StringPiece("") == NULL
+// True or false?  TRUE, because StringPiece::operator== converts
+// the right-hand side from NULL to StringPiece(NULL),
+// and then compares two zero-length spans of characters.
+// However, we are working to make this example produce a compile error.
+//
+// Suppose you want to write:
+//   bool TestWhat?(StringPiece sp) { return sp == NULL; }  // BAD
+// Do not do that.  Write one of these instead:
+//   bool TestNull(StringPiece sp) { return sp.data() == NULL; }
+//   bool TestEmpty(StringPiece sp) { return sp.empty(); }
+// The intent of TestWhat? is unclear.  Did you mean TestNull or TestEmpty?
+// Right now, TestWhat? behaves likes TestEmpty.
+// We are working to make TestWhat? produce a compile error.
+// TestNull is good to test for an out-of-band signal.
+// TestEmpty is good to test for an empty StringPiece.
+//
+// Caveats (again):
+// (1) The lifetime of the pointed-to string (or piece of a string)
+//     must be longer than the lifetime of the StringPiece.
+// (2) There may or may not be a '\0' character after the end of
+//     StringPiece data.
+// (3) A null StringPiece is empty.
+//     An empty StringPiece may or may not be a null StringPiece.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STRINGPIECE_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_STRINGPIECE_H_
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+// StringPiece has *two* size types.
+// StringPiece::size_type
+//   is unsigned
+//   is 32 bits in LP32, 64 bits in LP64, 64 bits in LLP64
+//   no future changes intended
+// stringpiece_ssize_type
+//   is signed
+//   is 32 bits in LP32, 64 bits in LP64, 64 bits in LLP64
+//   future changes intended: http://go/64BitStringPiece
+//
+typedef string::difference_type stringpiece_ssize_type;
+
+// STRINGPIECE_CHECK_SIZE protects us from 32-bit overflows.
+// TODO(mec): delete this after stringpiece_ssize_type goes 64 bit.
+#if !defined(NDEBUG)
+#define STRINGPIECE_CHECK_SIZE 1
+#elif defined(_FORTIFY_SOURCE) && _FORTIFY_SOURCE > 0
+#define STRINGPIECE_CHECK_SIZE 1
+#else
+#define STRINGPIECE_CHECK_SIZE 0
+#endif
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT StringPiece {
+ private:
+  const char* ptr_;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type length_;
+
+  // Prevent overflow in debug mode or fortified mode.
+  // sizeof(stringpiece_ssize_type) may be smaller than sizeof(size_t).
+  static stringpiece_ssize_type CheckedSsizeTFromSizeT(size_t size) {
+#if STRINGPIECE_CHECK_SIZE > 0
+#ifdef max
+#undef max
+#endif
+    if (size > static_cast<size_t>(
+        std::numeric_limits<stringpiece_ssize_type>::max())) {
+      // Some people grep for this message in logs
+      // so take care if you ever change it.
+      LogFatalSizeTooBig(size, "size_t to int conversion");
+    }
+#endif
+    return static_cast<stringpiece_ssize_type>(size);
+  }
+
+  // Out-of-line error path.
+  static void LogFatalSizeTooBig(size_t size, const char* details);
+
+ public:
+  // We provide non-explicit singleton constructors so users can pass
+  // in a "const char*" or a "string" wherever a "StringPiece" is
+  // expected.
+  //
+  // Style guide exception granted:
+  // http://goto/style-guide-exception-20978288
+  StringPiece() : ptr_(NULL), length_(0) {}
+
+  StringPiece(const char* str)  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
+      : ptr_(str), length_(0) {
+    if (str != NULL) {
+      length_ = CheckedSsizeTFromSizeT(strlen(str));
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <class Allocator>
+  StringPiece(  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
+      const std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, Allocator>& str)
+      : ptr_(str.data()), length_(0) {
+    length_ = CheckedSsizeTFromSizeT(str.size());
+  }
+#if defined(HAS_GLOBAL_STRING)
+  template <class Allocator>
+  StringPiece(  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
+      const basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, Allocator>& str)
+      : ptr_(str.data()), length_(0) {
+    length_ = CheckedSsizeTFromSizeT(str.size());
+  }
+#endif
+
+  StringPiece(const char* offset, stringpiece_ssize_type len)
+      : ptr_(offset), length_(len) {
+    assert(len >= 0);
+  }
+
+  // Substring of another StringPiece.
+  // pos must be non-negative and <= x.length().
+  StringPiece(StringPiece x, stringpiece_ssize_type pos);
+  // Substring of another StringPiece.
+  // pos must be non-negative and <= x.length().
+  // len must be non-negative and will be pinned to at most x.length() - pos.
+  StringPiece(StringPiece x,
+              stringpiece_ssize_type pos,
+              stringpiece_ssize_type len);
+
+  // data() may return a pointer to a buffer with embedded NULs, and the
+  // returned buffer may or may not be null terminated.  Therefore it is
+  // typically a mistake to pass data() to a routine that expects a NUL
+  // terminated string.
+  const char* data() const { return ptr_; }
+  stringpiece_ssize_type size() const { return length_; }
+  stringpiece_ssize_type length() const { return length_; }
+  bool empty() const { return length_ == 0; }
+
+  void clear() {
+    ptr_ = NULL;
+    length_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  void set(const char* data, stringpiece_ssize_type len) {
+    assert(len >= 0);
+    ptr_ = data;
+    length_ = len;
+  }
+
+  void set(const char* str) {
+    ptr_ = str;
+    if (str != NULL)
+      length_ = CheckedSsizeTFromSizeT(strlen(str));
+    else
+      length_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  void set(const void* data, stringpiece_ssize_type len) {
+    ptr_ = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data);
+    length_ = len;
+  }
+
+  char operator[](stringpiece_ssize_type i) const {
+    assert(0 <= i);
+    assert(i < length_);
+    return ptr_[i];
+  }
+
+  void remove_prefix(stringpiece_ssize_type n) {
+    assert(length_ >= n);
+    ptr_ += n;
+    length_ -= n;
+  }
+
+  void remove_suffix(stringpiece_ssize_type n) {
+    assert(length_ >= n);
+    length_ -= n;
+  }
+
+  // returns {-1, 0, 1}
+  int compare(StringPiece x) const {
+    const stringpiece_ssize_type min_size =
+        length_ < x.length_ ? length_ : x.length_;
+    int r = memcmp(ptr_, x.ptr_, min_size);
+    if (r < 0) return -1;
+    if (r > 0) return 1;
+    if (length_ < x.length_) return -1;
+    if (length_ > x.length_) return 1;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  string as_string() const {
+    return ToString();
+  }
+  // We also define ToString() here, since many other string-like
+  // interfaces name the routine that converts to a C++ string
+  // "ToString", and it's confusing to have the method that does that
+  // for a StringPiece be called "as_string()".  We also leave the
+  // "as_string()" method defined here for existing code.
+  string ToString() const {
+    if (ptr_ == NULL) return string();
+    return string(data(), size());
+  }
+
+  operator string() const {
+    return ToString();
+  }
+
+  void CopyToString(string* target) const;
+  void AppendToString(string* target) const;
+
+  bool starts_with(StringPiece x) const {
+    return (length_ >= x.length_) && (memcmp(ptr_, x.ptr_, x.length_) == 0);
+  }
+
+  bool ends_with(StringPiece x) const {
+    return ((length_ >= x.length_) &&
+            (memcmp(ptr_ + (length_-x.length_), x.ptr_, x.length_) == 0));
+  }
+
+  // Checks whether StringPiece starts with x and if so advances the beginning
+  // of it to past the match.  It's basically a shortcut for starts_with
+  // followed by remove_prefix.
+  bool Consume(StringPiece x);
+  // Like above but for the end of the string.
+  bool ConsumeFromEnd(StringPiece x);
+
+  // standard STL container boilerplate
+  typedef char value_type;
+  typedef const char* pointer;
+  typedef const char& reference;
+  typedef const char& const_reference;
+  typedef size_t size_type;
+  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+  static const size_type npos;
+  typedef const char* const_iterator;
+  typedef const char* iterator;
+  typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+  typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
+  iterator begin() const { return ptr_; }
+  iterator end() const { return ptr_ + length_; }
+  const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {
+    return const_reverse_iterator(ptr_ + length_);
+  }
+  const_reverse_iterator rend() const {
+    return const_reverse_iterator(ptr_);
+  }
+  stringpiece_ssize_type max_size() const { return length_; }
+  stringpiece_ssize_type capacity() const { return length_; }
+
+  // cpplint.py emits a false positive [build/include_what_you_use]
+  stringpiece_ssize_type copy(char* buf, size_type n, size_type pos = 0) const;  // NOLINT
+
+  bool contains(StringPiece s) const;
+
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find(StringPiece s, size_type pos = 0) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find(char c, size_type pos = 0) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type rfind(StringPiece s, size_type pos = npos) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type rfind(char c, size_type pos = npos) const;
+
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_first_of(StringPiece s, size_type pos = 0) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_first_of(char c, size_type pos = 0) const {
+    return find(c, pos);
+  }
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_first_not_of(StringPiece s,
+                                           size_type pos = 0) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_first_not_of(char c, size_type pos = 0) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_last_of(StringPiece s,
+                                      size_type pos = npos) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_last_of(char c, size_type pos = npos) const {
+    return rfind(c, pos);
+  }
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_last_not_of(StringPiece s,
+                                          size_type pos = npos) const;
+  stringpiece_ssize_type find_last_not_of(char c, size_type pos = npos) const;
+
+  StringPiece substr(size_type pos, size_type n = npos) const;
+};
+
+// This large function is defined inline so that in a fairly common case where
+// one of the arguments is a literal, the compiler can elide a lot of the
+// following comparisons.
+inline bool operator==(StringPiece x, StringPiece y) {
+  stringpiece_ssize_type len = x.size();
+  if (len != y.size()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return x.data() == y.data() || len <= 0 ||
+      memcmp(x.data(), y.data(), len) == 0;
+}
+
+inline bool operator!=(StringPiece x, StringPiece y) {
+  return !(x == y);
+}
+
+inline bool operator<(StringPiece x, StringPiece y) {
+  const stringpiece_ssize_type min_size =
+      x.size() < y.size() ? x.size() : y.size();
+  const int r = memcmp(x.data(), y.data(), min_size);
+  return (r < 0) || (r == 0 && x.size() < y.size());
+}
+
+inline bool operator>(StringPiece x, StringPiece y) {
+  return y < x;
+}
+
+inline bool operator<=(StringPiece x, StringPiece y) {
+  return !(x > y);
+}
+
+inline bool operator>=(StringPiece x, StringPiece y) {
+  return !(x < y);
+}
+
+// allow StringPiece to be logged
+extern std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, StringPiece piece);
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // STRINGS_STRINGPIECE_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b5dae13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,793 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+TEST(StringPiece, Ctor) {
+  {
+    // Null.
+    StringPiece s10;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s10.data() == NULL);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, s10.length());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // const char* without length.
+    const char* hello = "hello";
+    StringPiece s20(hello);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s20.data() == hello);
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, s20.length());
+
+    // const char* with length.
+    StringPiece s21(hello, 4);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s21.data() == hello);
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, s21.length());
+
+    // Not recommended, but valid C++
+    StringPiece s22(hello, 6);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s22.data() == hello);
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, s22.length());
+  }
+
+  {
+    // std::string.
+    std::string hola = "hola";
+    StringPiece s30(hola);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s30.data() == hola.data());
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, s30.length());
+
+    // std::string with embedded '\0'.
+    hola.push_back('\0');
+    hola.append("h2");
+    hola.push_back('\0');
+    StringPiece s31(hola);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s31.data() == hola.data());
+    EXPECT_EQ(8, s31.length());
+  }
+
+#if defined(HAS_GLOBAL_STRING)
+  {
+    // ::string
+    string bonjour = "bonjour";
+    StringPiece s40(bonjour);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s40.data() == bonjour.data());
+    EXPECT_EQ(7, s40.length());
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // TODO(mec): StringPiece(StringPiece x, int pos);
+  // TODO(mec): StringPiece(StringPiece x, int pos, int len);
+  // TODO(mec): StringPiece(const StringPiece&);
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, STLComparator) {
+  string s1("foo");
+  string s2("bar");
+  string s3("baz");
+
+  StringPiece p1(s1);
+  StringPiece p2(s2);
+  StringPiece p3(s3);
+
+  typedef std::map<StringPiece, int> TestMap;
+  TestMap map;
+
+  map.insert(std::make_pair(p1, 0));
+  map.insert(std::make_pair(p2, 1));
+  map.insert(std::make_pair(p3, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(map.size(), 3);
+
+  TestMap::const_iterator iter = map.begin();
+  EXPECT_EQ(iter->second, 1);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ(iter->second, 2);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ(iter->second, 0);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter == map.end());
+
+  TestMap::iterator new_iter = map.find("zot");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(new_iter == map.end());
+
+  new_iter = map.find("bar");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(new_iter != map.end());
+
+  map.erase(new_iter);
+  EXPECT_EQ(map.size(), 2);
+
+  iter = map.begin();
+  EXPECT_EQ(iter->second, 2);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_EQ(iter->second, 0);
+  ++iter;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(iter == map.end());
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, ComparisonOperators) {
+#define COMPARE(result, op, x, y) \
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, StringPiece((x)) op StringPiece((y))); \
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, StringPiece((x)).compare(StringPiece((y))) op 0)
+
+  COMPARE(true, ==, "",   "");
+  COMPARE(true, ==, "", NULL);
+  COMPARE(true, ==, NULL, "");
+  COMPARE(true, ==, "a",  "a");
+  COMPARE(true, ==, "aa", "aa");
+  COMPARE(false, ==, "a",  "");
+  COMPARE(false, ==, "",   "a");
+  COMPARE(false, ==, "a",  "b");
+  COMPARE(false, ==, "a",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(false, ==, "aa", "a");
+
+  COMPARE(false, !=, "",   "");
+  COMPARE(false, !=, "a",  "a");
+  COMPARE(false, !=, "aa", "aa");
+  COMPARE(true, !=, "a",  "");
+  COMPARE(true, !=, "",   "a");
+  COMPARE(true, !=, "a",  "b");
+  COMPARE(true, !=, "a",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(true, !=, "aa", "a");
+
+  COMPARE(true, <, "a",  "b");
+  COMPARE(true, <, "a",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(true, <, "aa", "b");
+  COMPARE(true, <, "aa", "bb");
+  COMPARE(false, <, "a",  "a");
+  COMPARE(false, <, "b",  "a");
+  COMPARE(false, <, "aa", "a");
+  COMPARE(false, <, "b",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(false, <, "bb", "aa");
+
+  COMPARE(true, <=, "a",  "a");
+  COMPARE(true, <=, "a",  "b");
+  COMPARE(true, <=, "a",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(true, <=, "aa", "b");
+  COMPARE(true, <=, "aa", "bb");
+  COMPARE(false, <=, "b",  "a");
+  COMPARE(false, <=, "aa", "a");
+  COMPARE(false, <=, "b",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(false, <=, "bb", "aa");
+
+  COMPARE(false, >=, "a",  "b");
+  COMPARE(false, >=, "a",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(false, >=, "aa", "b");
+  COMPARE(false, >=, "aa", "bb");
+  COMPARE(true, >=, "a",  "a");
+  COMPARE(true, >=, "b",  "a");
+  COMPARE(true, >=, "aa", "a");
+  COMPARE(true, >=, "b",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(true, >=, "bb", "aa");
+
+  COMPARE(false, >, "a",  "a");
+  COMPARE(false, >, "a",  "b");
+  COMPARE(false, >, "a",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(false, >, "aa", "b");
+  COMPARE(false, >, "aa", "bb");
+  COMPARE(true, >, "b",  "a");
+  COMPARE(true, >, "aa", "a");
+  COMPARE(true, >, "b",  "aa");
+  COMPARE(true, >, "bb", "aa");
+
+  string x;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+    x += 'a';
+    string y = x;
+    COMPARE(true, ==, x, y);
+    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+      string z = x;
+      z[j] = 'b';       // Differs in position 'j'
+      COMPARE(false, ==, x, z);
+      COMPARE(true, <, x, z);
+      COMPARE(true, >, z, x);
+      if (j + 1 < i) {
+        z[j + 1] = 'A';  // Differs in position 'j+1' as well
+        COMPARE(false, ==, x, z);
+        COMPARE(true, <, x, z);
+        COMPARE(true, >, z, x);
+        z[j + 1] = 'z';  // Differs in position 'j+1' as well
+        COMPARE(false, ==, x, z);
+        COMPARE(true, <, x, z);
+        COMPARE(true, >, z, x);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+#undef COMPARE
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, STL1) {
+  const StringPiece a("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
+  const StringPiece b("abc");
+  const StringPiece c("xyz");
+  const StringPiece d("foobar");
+  const StringPiece e;
+  string temp("123");
+  temp += '\0';
+  temp += "456";
+  const StringPiece f(temp);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a[6], 'g');
+  EXPECT_EQ(b[0], 'a');
+  EXPECT_EQ(c[2], 'z');
+  EXPECT_EQ(f[3], '\0');
+  EXPECT_EQ(f[5], '5');
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(*d.data(), 'f');
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.data()[5], 'r');
+  EXPECT_TRUE(e.data() == NULL);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(*a.begin(), 'a');
+  EXPECT_EQ(*(b.begin() + 2), 'c');
+  EXPECT_EQ(*(c.end() - 1), 'z');
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(*a.rbegin(), 'z');
+  EXPECT_EQ(*(b.rbegin() + 2), 'a');
+  EXPECT_EQ(*(c.rend() - 1), 'x');
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.rbegin() + 26 == a.rend());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.size(), 26);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.size(), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c.size(), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.size(), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.size(), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.size(), 7);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!d.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(d.begin() != d.end());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(d.begin() + 6 == d.end());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(e.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(e.begin() == e.end());
+
+  EXPECT_GE(a.max_size(), a.capacity());
+  EXPECT_GE(a.capacity(), a.size());
+
+  char buf[4] = { '%', '%', '%', '%' };
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.copy(buf, 4), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[0], a[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[1], a[1]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[2], a[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[3], a[3]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.copy(buf, 3, 7), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[0], a[7]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[1], a[8]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[2], a[9]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[3], a[3]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c.copy(buf, 99), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[0], c[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[1], c[1]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[2], c[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(buf[3], a[3]);
+}
+
+// Separated from STL1() because some compilers produce an overly
+// large stack frame for the combined function.
+TEST(StringPiece, STL2) {
+  const StringPiece a("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
+  const StringPiece b("abc");
+  const StringPiece c("xyz");
+  StringPiece d("foobar");
+  const StringPiece e;
+  const StringPiece f("123" "\0" "456", 7);
+
+  d.clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.size(), 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(d.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(d.data() == NULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(d.begin() == d.end());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece::npos, string::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(b), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(b, 1), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(c), 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(c, 9), 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(c, StringPiece::npos), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find(c), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find(c, StringPiece::npos), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(d), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(e), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(d, 12), 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(e, 17), 17);
+  StringPiece g("xx not found bb");
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find(g), StringPiece::npos);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find(b, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find(b, 7), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  size_t empty_search_pos = string().find(string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find(d), empty_search_pos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find(e), empty_search_pos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find(d), empty_search_pos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find(e), empty_search_pos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find(d, 4), string().find(string(), 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find(e, 4), string().find(string(), 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find(d, 4), string().find(string(), 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find(e, 4), string().find(string(), 4));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find('a'), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find('c'), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find('z'), 25);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find('$'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find('\0'), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find('3'), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find('5'), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find('o'), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find('o', 4), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find('o', 5), 8);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find('b', 5), StringPiece::npos);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find('\0', 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find('\0', 7), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find('x'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find('x'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find('x', 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find('x', 7), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(b), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(b, 1), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(c), 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(c, 22), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(c, 1), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(c, 0), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.rfind(c), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.rfind(c, 0), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(d), a.as_string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(e), a.as_string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(d, 12), 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(e, 17), 17);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.rfind(g), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind(b, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind(b, 7), StringPiece::npos);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind(d, 4), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind(d, 7), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind(e, 4), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind(e, 7), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind(d), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind(d), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind(e), string().rfind(string()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind(e), string().rfind(string()));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.rfind('o'), 8);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.rfind('q'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.rfind('o', 8), 8);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.rfind('o', 7), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.rfind('o', 3), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.rfind('\0'), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.rfind('\0', 12), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.rfind('3'), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.rfind('5'), 5);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind('o'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind('o'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.rfind('o', 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.rfind('o', 7), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(b), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(b, 0), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(b, 1), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(b, 2), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(b, 3), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(c), 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(c, 23), 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(c, 24), 24);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(c, 25), 25);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(c, 26), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find_first_of(b), 13);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find_first_of(c), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(f), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_first_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_of(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_of(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_not_of(b), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_not_of(c), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find_first_not_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c.find_first_not_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_first_not_of(a), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_not_of(f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_not_of(d), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_first_not_of(e), 0);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_not_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_not_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_not_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_not_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_not_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_not_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  StringPiece h("====");
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_first_not_of('='), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_first_not_of('=', 3), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_first_not_of('\0'), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find_first_not_of('x'), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_first_not_of('\0'), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_first_not_of('\0', 3), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_first_not_of('\0', 2), 2);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_not_of('x'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_not_of('x'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_first_not_of('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_first_not_of('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  //  StringPiece g("xx not found bb");
+  StringPiece i("56");
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_last_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(g.find_last_of(a), g.size()-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of(b), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of(c), a.size()-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(i), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('a'), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('b'), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('z'), 25);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('a', 5), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('b', 5), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('b', 0), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('z', 25), 25);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_of('z', 24), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(i, 5), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(i, 6), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(a, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(d, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_of(e, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_of(f), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_of(f), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_of(d, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_of(e, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_of(d, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_of(e, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_of(f, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_of(f, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_not_of(b), a.size()-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_not_of(c), 22);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find_last_not_of(a), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find_last_not_of(b), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_not_of(i), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_not_of(c, 24), 22);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_not_of(b, 3), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.find_last_not_of(b, 2), StringPiece::npos);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_not_of(d), f.size()-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_not_of(e), f.size()-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_not_of(d, 4), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(f.find_last_not_of(e, 4), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of(d), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of(e), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of(f), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of(f), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of(d, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of(e, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of(d, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of(e, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of(f, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of(f, 4), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_last_not_of('x'), h.size() - 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_last_not_of('='), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find_last_not_of('c'), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_last_not_of('x', 2), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(h.find_last_not_of('=', 2), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(b.find_last_not_of('b', 1), 0);
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of('x'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of('x'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.find_last_not_of('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+  EXPECT_EQ(e.find_last_not_of('\0'), StringPiece::npos);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(0, 3), b);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(23), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(23, 3), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(23, 99), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(0), a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(3, 2), "de");
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(99, 2), e);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.substr(99), e);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.substr(0, 99), e);
+  EXPECT_EQ(d.substr(99, 99), e);
+  // use of npos
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(0, StringPiece::npos), a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(23, StringPiece::npos), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(StringPiece::npos, 0), e);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(StringPiece::npos, 1), e);
+  EXPECT_EQ(a.substr(StringPiece::npos, StringPiece::npos), e);
+
+  // Substring constructors.
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a, 0, 3), b);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a, 23), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a, 23, 3), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a, 23, 99), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a, 0), a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a, 3, 2), "de");
+  // empty string nonsense
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(d, 0, 99), e);
+  // Verify that they work taking an actual string, not just a StringPiece.
+  string a2 = a.as_string();
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a2, 0, 3), b);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a2, 23), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a2, 23, 3), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a2, 23, 99), c);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a2, 0), a);
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece(a2, 3, 2), "de");
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, Custom) {
+  StringPiece a("foobar");
+  string s1("123");
+  s1 += '\0';
+  s1 += "456";
+  StringPiece b(s1);
+  StringPiece e;
+  string s2;
+
+  // CopyToString
+  a.CopyToString(&s2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2.size(), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2, "foobar");
+  b.CopyToString(&s2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2.size(), 7);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s1, s2);
+  e.CopyToString(&s2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(s2.empty());
+
+  // AppendToString
+  s2.erase();
+  a.AppendToString(&s2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2.size(), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2, "foobar");
+  a.AppendToString(&s2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2.size(), 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s2, "foobarfoobar");
+
+  // starts_with
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.starts_with(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.starts_with("foo"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.starts_with(e));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b.starts_with(s1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b.starts_with(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b.starts_with(e));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(e.starts_with(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!a.starts_with(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!b.starts_with(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!e.starts_with(a));
+
+  // ends with
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.ends_with(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.ends_with("bar"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.ends_with(e));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b.ends_with(s1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b.ends_with(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(b.ends_with(e));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(e.ends_with(""));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!a.ends_with(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!b.ends_with(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!e.ends_with(a));
+
+  // remove_prefix
+  StringPiece c(a);
+  c.remove_prefix(3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, "bar");
+  c = a;
+  c.remove_prefix(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
+  c.remove_prefix(c.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, e);
+
+  // remove_suffix
+  c = a;
+  c.remove_suffix(3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, "foo");
+  c = a;
+  c.remove_suffix(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
+  c.remove_suffix(c.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, e);
+
+  // set
+  c.set("foobar", 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
+  c.set("foobar", 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, e);
+  c.set("foobar", 7);
+  EXPECT_NE(c, a);
+
+  c.set("foobar");
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
+
+  c.set(static_cast<const void*>("foobar"), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, a);
+  c.set(static_cast<const void*>("foobar"), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, e);
+  c.set(static_cast<const void*>("foobar"), 7);
+  EXPECT_NE(c, a);
+
+  // as_string
+  string s3(a.as_string().c_str(), 7);
+  EXPECT_EQ(c, s3);
+  string s4(e.as_string());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(s4.empty());
+
+  // ToString
+  {
+    string s5(a.ToString().c_str(), 7);
+    EXPECT_EQ(c, s5);
+    string s6(e.ToString());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(s6.empty());
+  }
+
+  // Consume
+  a.set("foobar");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.Consume("foo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, "bar");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.Consume("foo"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.Consume("barbar"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.Consume("ar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, "bar");
+
+  a.set("foobar");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.ConsumeFromEnd("bar"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, "foo");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.ConsumeFromEnd("bar"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.ConsumeFromEnd("foofoo"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.ConsumeFromEnd("fo"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(a, "foo");
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, Contains) {
+  StringPiece a("abcdefg");
+  StringPiece b("abcd");
+  StringPiece c("efg");
+  StringPiece d("gh");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.contains(b));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.contains(c));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!a.contains(d));
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, NULLInput) {
+  // we used to crash here, but now we don't.
+  StringPiece s(NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s.data(), (const char*)NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s.size(), 0);
+
+  s.set(NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s.data(), (const char*)NULL);
+  EXPECT_EQ(s.size(), 0);
+
+  // .ToString() on a StringPiece with NULL should produce the empty string.
+  EXPECT_EQ("", s.ToString());
+  EXPECT_EQ("", s.as_string());
+}
+
+TEST(StringPiece, Comparisons2) {
+  StringPiece abc("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
+
+  // check comparison operations on strings longer than 4 bytes.
+  EXPECT_EQ(abc, StringPiece("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(abc.compare(StringPiece("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")), 0);
+
+  EXPECT_LT(abc, StringPiece("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxzz"));
+  EXPECT_LT(abc.compare(StringPiece("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxzz")), 0);
+
+  EXPECT_GT(abc, StringPiece("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyy"));
+  EXPECT_GT(abc.compare(StringPiece("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyy")), 0);
+
+  // starts_with
+  EXPECT_TRUE(abc.starts_with(abc));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(abc.starts_with("abcdefghijklm"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!abc.starts_with("abcdefguvwxyz"));
+
+  // ends_with
+  EXPECT_TRUE(abc.ends_with(abc));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!abc.ends_with("abcdefguvwxyz"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(abc.ends_with("nopqrstuvwxyz"));
+}
+
+TEST(ComparisonOpsTest, StringCompareNotAmbiguous) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", string("hello"));
+  EXPECT_LT("hello", string("world"));
+}
+
+TEST(ComparisonOpsTest, HeterogenousStringPieceEquals) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece("hello"), string("hello"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("hello", StringPiece("hello"));
+}
+
+TEST(FindOneCharTest, EdgeCases) {
+  StringPiece a("xxyyyxx");
+
+  // Set a = "xyyyx".
+  a.remove_prefix(1);
+  a.remove_suffix(1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a.find('x'));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a.find('x', 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.find('x', 1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.find('x', 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece::npos, a.find('x', 5));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.rfind('x'));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.rfind('x', 5));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.rfind('x', 4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a.rfind('x', 3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a.rfind('x', 0));
+
+  // Set a = "yyy".
+  a.remove_prefix(1);
+  a.remove_suffix(1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece::npos, a.find('x'));
+  EXPECT_EQ(StringPiece::npos, a.rfind('x'));
+}
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+TEST(NonNegativeLenTest, NonNegativeLen) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH(StringPiece("xyz", -1), "len >= 0");
+}
+#endif  // ndef DEBUG
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc
index 86d45685..8442f2ce 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
 // from google3/strings/strutil.cc
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.h>
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <float.h>    // FLT_DIG and DBL_DIG
 #include <limits>
@@ -38,6 +40,8 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <iterator>
 
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
 // MSVC has only _snprintf, not snprintf.
 //
@@ -55,11 +59,6 @@
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
 
-inline bool IsNaN(double value) {
-  // NaN is never equal to anything, even itself.
-  return value != value;
-}
-
 // These are defined as macros on some platforms.  #undef them so that we can
 // redefine them.
 #undef isxdigit
@@ -309,17 +308,6 @@ void JoinStrings(const vector<string>& components,
 
 #define IS_OCTAL_DIGIT(c) (((c) >= '0') && ((c) <= '7'))
 
-inline int hex_digit_to_int(char c) {
-  /* Assume ASCII. */
-  assert('0' == 0x30 && 'A' == 0x41 && 'a' == 0x61);
-  assert(isxdigit(c));
-  int x = static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
-  if (x > '9') {
-    x += 9;
-  }
-  return x & 0xf;
-}
-
 // Protocol buffers doesn't ever care about errors, but I don't want to remove
 // the code.
 #define LOG_STRING(LEVEL, VECTOR) GOOGLE_LOG_IF(LEVEL, false)
@@ -652,14 +640,15 @@ inline bool safe_parse_sign(string* text  /*inout*/,
   return true;
 }
 
-inline bool safe_parse_positive_int(
-    string text, int32* value_p) {
+template<typename IntType>
+bool safe_parse_positive_int(
+    string text, IntType* value_p) {
   int base = 10;
-  int32 value = 0;
-  const int32 vmax = std::numeric_limits<int32>::max();
+  IntType value = 0;
+  const IntType vmax = std::numeric_limits<IntType>::max();
   assert(vmax > 0);
   assert(vmax >= base);
-  const int32 vmax_over_base = vmax / base;
+  const IntType vmax_over_base = vmax / base;
   const char* start = text.data();
   const char* end = start + text.size();
   // loop over digits
@@ -685,14 +674,15 @@ inline bool safe_parse_positive_int(
   return true;
 }
 
-inline bool safe_parse_negative_int(
-    string text, int32* value_p) {
+template<typename IntType>
+bool safe_parse_negative_int(
+    const string& text, IntType* value_p) {
   int base = 10;
-  int32 value = 0;
-  const int32 vmin = std::numeric_limits<int32>::min();
+  IntType value = 0;
+  const IntType vmin = std::numeric_limits<IntType>::min();
   assert(vmin < 0);
   assert(vmin <= 0 - base);
-  int32 vmin_over_base = vmin / base;
+  IntType vmin_over_base = vmin / base;
   // 2003 c++ standard [expr.mul]
   // "... the sign of the remainder is implementation-defined."
   // Although (vmin/base)*base + vmin%base is always vmin.
@@ -725,7 +715,8 @@ inline bool safe_parse_negative_int(
   return true;
 }
 
-bool safe_int(string text, int32* value_p) {
+template<typename IntType>
+bool safe_int_internal(string text, IntType* value_p) {
   *value_p = 0;
   bool negative;
   if (!safe_parse_sign(&text, &negative)) {
@@ -738,6 +729,16 @@ bool safe_int(string text, int32* value_p) {
   }
 }
 
+template<typename IntType>
+bool safe_uint_internal(string text, IntType* value_p) {
+  *value_p = 0;
+  bool negative;
+  if (!safe_parse_sign(&text, &negative) || negative) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return safe_parse_positive_int(text, value_p);
+}
+
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 // FastIntToBuffer()
 // FastInt64ToBuffer()
@@ -871,13 +872,6 @@ char *FastHex32ToBuffer(uint32 value, char* buffer) {
   return InternalFastHexToBuffer(value, buffer, 8);
 }
 
-static inline char* PlaceNum(char* p, int num, char prev_sep) {
-   *p-- = '0' + num % 10;
-   *p-- = '0' + num / 10;
-   *p-- = prev_sep;
-   return p;
-}
-
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 // FastInt32ToBufferLeft()
 // FastUInt32ToBufferLeft()
@@ -1205,7 +1199,7 @@ char* DoubleToBuffer(double value, char* buffer) {
   } else if (value == -numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
     strcpy(buffer, "-inf");
     return buffer;
-  } else if (IsNaN(value)) {
+  } else if (MathLimits<double>::IsNaN(value)) {
     strcpy(buffer, "nan");
     return buffer;
   }
@@ -1236,6 +1230,41 @@ char* DoubleToBuffer(double value, char* buffer) {
   return buffer;
 }
 
+static int memcasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t len) {
+  const unsigned char *us1 = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(s1);
+  const unsigned char *us2 = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(s2);
+
+  for ( int i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
+    const int diff =
+      static_cast<int>(static_cast<unsigned char>(ascii_tolower(us1[i]))) -
+      static_cast<int>(static_cast<unsigned char>(ascii_tolower(us2[i])));
+    if (diff != 0) return diff;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+inline bool CaseEqual(StringPiece s1, StringPiece s2) {
+  if (s1.size() != s2.size()) return false;
+  return memcasecmp(s1.data(), s2.data(), s1.size()) == 0;
+}
+
+bool safe_strtob(StringPiece str, bool* value) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(value != NULL) << "NULL output boolean given.";
+  if (CaseEqual(str, "true") || CaseEqual(str, "t") ||
+      CaseEqual(str, "yes") || CaseEqual(str, "y") ||
+      CaseEqual(str, "1")) {
+    *value = true;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (CaseEqual(str, "false") || CaseEqual(str, "f") ||
+      CaseEqual(str, "no") || CaseEqual(str, "n") ||
+      CaseEqual(str, "0")) {
+    *value = false;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 bool safe_strtof(const char* str, float* value) {
   char* endptr;
   errno = 0;  // errno only gets set on errors
@@ -1247,6 +1276,34 @@ bool safe_strtof(const char* str, float* value) {
   return *str != 0 && *endptr == 0 && errno == 0;
 }
 
+bool safe_strtod(const char* str, double* value) {
+  char* endptr;
+  *value = strtod(str, &endptr);
+  if (endptr != str) {
+    while (ascii_isspace(*endptr)) ++endptr;
+  }
+  // Ignore range errors from strtod.  The values it
+  // returns on underflow and overflow are the right
+  // fallback in a robust setting.
+  return *str != '\0' && *endptr == '\0';
+}
+
+bool safe_strto32(const string& str, int32* value) {
+  return safe_int_internal(str, value);
+}
+
+bool safe_strtou32(const string& str, uint32* value) {
+  return safe_uint_internal(str, value);
+}
+
+bool safe_strto64(const string& str, int64* value) {
+  return safe_int_internal(str, value);
+}
+
+bool safe_strtou64(const string& str, uint64* value) {
+  return safe_uint_internal(str, value);
+}
+
 char* FloatToBuffer(float value, char* buffer) {
   // FLT_DIG is 6 for IEEE-754 floats, which are used on almost all
   // platforms these days.  Just in case some system exists where FLT_DIG
@@ -1260,7 +1317,7 @@ char* FloatToBuffer(float value, char* buffer) {
   } else if (value == -numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
     strcpy(buffer, "-inf");
     return buffer;
-  } else if (IsNaN(value)) {
+  } else if (MathLimits<float>::IsNaN(value)) {
     strcpy(buffer, "nan");
     return buffer;
   }
@@ -1285,22 +1342,209 @@ char* FloatToBuffer(float value, char* buffer) {
   return buffer;
 }
 
-string ToHex(uint64 num) {
-  if (num == 0) {
-    return string("0");
-  }
+namespace strings {
 
-  // Compute hex bytes in reverse order, writing to the back of the
-  // buffer.
-  char buf[16];  // No more than 16 hex digits needed.
-  char* bufptr = buf + 16;
-  static const char kHexChars[] = "0123456789abcdef";
-  while (num != 0) {
-    *--bufptr = kHexChars[num & 0xf];
-    num >>= 4;
-  }
+AlphaNum::AlphaNum(strings::Hex hex) {
+  char *const end = &digits[kFastToBufferSize];
+  char *writer = end;
+  uint64 value = hex.value;
+  uint64 width = hex.spec;
+  // We accomplish minimum width by OR'ing in 0x10000 to the user's value,
+  // where 0x10000 is the smallest hex number that is as wide as the user
+  // asked for.
+  uint64 mask = ((static_cast<uint64>(1) << (width - 1) * 4)) | value;
+  static const char hexdigits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+  do {
+    *--writer = hexdigits[value & 0xF];
+    value >>= 4;
+    mask >>= 4;
+  } while (mask != 0);
+  piece_data_ = writer;
+  piece_size_ = end - writer;
+}
+
+}  // namespace strings
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StrCat()
+//    This merges the given strings or integers, with no delimiter.  This
+//    is designed to be the fastest possible way to construct a string out
+//    of a mix of raw C strings, C++ strings, and integer values.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Append is merely a version of memcpy that returns the address of the byte
+// after the area just overwritten.  It comes in multiple flavors to minimize
+// call overhead.
+static char *Append1(char *out, const AlphaNum &x) {
+  memcpy(out, x.data(), x.size());
+  return out + x.size();
+}
+
+static char *Append2(char *out, const AlphaNum &x1, const AlphaNum &x2) {
+  memcpy(out, x1.data(), x1.size());
+  out += x1.size();
 
-  return string(bufptr, buf + 16 - bufptr);
+  memcpy(out, x2.data(), x2.size());
+  return out + x2.size();
+}
+
+static char *Append4(char *out,
+                     const AlphaNum &x1, const AlphaNum &x2,
+                     const AlphaNum &x3, const AlphaNum &x4) {
+  memcpy(out, x1.data(), x1.size());
+  out += x1.size();
+
+  memcpy(out, x2.data(), x2.size());
+  out += x2.size();
+
+  memcpy(out, x3.data(), x3.size());
+  out += x3.size();
+
+  memcpy(out, x4.data(), x4.size());
+  return out + x4.size();
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append2(begin, a, b);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append2(begin, a, b);
+  out = Append1(out, c);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c,
+              const AlphaNum &d) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin, a, b, c, d);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c,
+              const AlphaNum &d, const AlphaNum &e) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size() + e.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin, a, b, c, d);
+  out = Append1(out, e);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c,
+              const AlphaNum &d, const AlphaNum &e, const AlphaNum &f) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size() + e.size() +
+                f.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin, a, b, c, d);
+  out = Append2(out, e, f);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c,
+              const AlphaNum &d, const AlphaNum &e, const AlphaNum &f,
+              const AlphaNum &g) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size() + e.size() +
+                f.size() + g.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin, a, b, c, d);
+  out = Append2(out, e, f);
+  out = Append1(out, g);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c,
+              const AlphaNum &d, const AlphaNum &e, const AlphaNum &f,
+              const AlphaNum &g, const AlphaNum &h) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size() + e.size() +
+                f.size() + g.size() + h.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin, a, b, c, d);
+  out = Append4(out, e, f, g, h);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+string StrCat(const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c,
+              const AlphaNum &d, const AlphaNum &e, const AlphaNum &f,
+              const AlphaNum &g, const AlphaNum &h, const AlphaNum &i) {
+  string result;
+  result.resize(a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size() + e.size() +
+                f.size() + g.size() + h.size() + i.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result.begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin, a, b, c, d);
+  out = Append4(out, e, f, g, h);
+  out = Append1(out, i);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result.size());
+  return result;
+}
+
+// It's possible to call StrAppend with a char * pointer that is partway into
+// the string we're appending to.  However the results of this are random.
+// Therefore, check for this in debug mode.  Use unsigned math so we only have
+// to do one comparison.
+#define GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(dest, src) \
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(uintptr_t((src).data() - (dest).data()), \
+                     uintptr_t((dest).size()))
+
+void StrAppend(string *result, const AlphaNum &a) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, a);
+  result->append(a.data(), a.size());
+}
+
+void StrAppend(string *result, const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, a);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, b);
+  string::size_type old_size = result->size();
+  result->resize(old_size + a.size() + b.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result->begin();
+  char *out = Append2(begin + old_size, a, b);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result->size());
+}
+
+void StrAppend(string *result,
+               const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b, const AlphaNum &c) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, a);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, b);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, c);
+  string::size_type old_size = result->size();
+  result->resize(old_size + a.size() + b.size() + c.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result->begin();
+  char *out = Append2(begin + old_size, a, b);
+  out = Append1(out, c);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result->size());
+}
+
+void StrAppend(string *result,
+               const AlphaNum &a, const AlphaNum &b,
+               const AlphaNum &c, const AlphaNum &d) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, a);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, b);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, c);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NO_OVERLAP(*result, d);
+  string::size_type old_size = result->size();
+  result->resize(old_size + a.size() + b.size() + c.size() + d.size());
+  char *const begin = &*result->begin();
+  char *out = Append4(begin + old_size, a, b, c, d);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(out, begin + result->size());
 }
 
 int GlobalReplaceSubstring(const string& substring,
@@ -1331,5 +1575,661 @@ int GlobalReplaceSubstring(const string& substring,
   return num_replacements;
 }
 
+int CalculateBase64EscapedLen(int input_len, bool do_padding) {
+  // Base64 encodes three bytes of input at a time. If the input is not
+  // divisible by three, we pad as appropriate.
+  //
+  // (from http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548)
+  // Special processing is performed if fewer than 24 bits are available
+  // at the end of the data being encoded.  A full encoding quantum is
+  // always completed at the end of a quantity.  When fewer than 24 input
+  // bits are available in an input group, zero bits are added (on the
+  // right) to form an integral number of 6-bit groups.  Padding at the
+  // end of the data is performed using the '=' character.  Since all base
+  // 64 input is an integral number of octets, only the following cases
+  // can arise:
+
+
+  // Base64 encodes each three bytes of input into four bytes of output.
+  int len = (input_len / 3) * 4;
+
+  if (input_len % 3 == 0) {
+    // (from http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548)
+    // (1) the final quantum of encoding input is an integral multiple of 24
+    // bits; here, the final unit of encoded output will be an integral
+    // multiple of 4 characters with no "=" padding,
+  } else if (input_len % 3 == 1) {
+    // (from http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548)
+    // (2) the final quantum of encoding input is exactly 8 bits; here, the
+    // final unit of encoded output will be two characters followed by two
+    // "=" padding characters, or
+    len += 2;
+    if (do_padding) {
+      len += 2;
+    }
+  } else {  // (input_len % 3 == 2)
+    // (from http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548)
+    // (3) the final quantum of encoding input is exactly 16 bits; here, the
+    // final unit of encoded output will be three characters followed by one
+    // "=" padding character.
+    len += 3;
+    if (do_padding) {
+      len += 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert(len >= input_len);  // make sure we didn't overflow
+  return len;
+}
+
+// Base64Escape does padding, so this calculation includes padding.
+int CalculateBase64EscapedLen(int input_len) {
+  return CalculateBase64EscapedLen(input_len, true);
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// int Base64Unescape() - base64 decoder
+// int Base64Escape() - base64 encoder
+// int WebSafeBase64Unescape() - Google's variation of base64 decoder
+// int WebSafeBase64Escape() - Google's variation of base64 encoder
+//
+// Check out
+// http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045 for formal description, but what we
+// care about is that...
+//   Take the encoded stuff in groups of 4 characters and turn each
+//   character into a code 0 to 63 thus:
+//           A-Z map to 0 to 25
+//           a-z map to 26 to 51
+//           0-9 map to 52 to 61
+//           +(- for WebSafe) maps to 62
+//           /(_ for WebSafe) maps to 63
+//   There will be four numbers, all less than 64 which can be represented
+//   by a 6 digit binary number (aaaaaa, bbbbbb, cccccc, dddddd respectively).
+//   Arrange the 6 digit binary numbers into three bytes as such:
+//   aaaaaabb bbbbcccc ccdddddd
+//   Equals signs (one or two) are used at the end of the encoded block to
+//   indicate that the text was not an integer multiple of three bytes long.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+int Base64UnescapeInternal(const char *src_param, int szsrc,
+                           char *dest, int szdest,
+                           const signed char* unbase64) {
+  static const char kPad64Equals = '=';
+  static const char kPad64Dot = '.';
+
+  int decode = 0;
+  int destidx = 0;
+  int state = 0;
+  unsigned int ch = 0;
+  unsigned int temp = 0;
+
+  // If "char" is signed by default, using *src as an array index results in
+  // accessing negative array elements. Treat the input as a pointer to
+  // unsigned char to avoid this.
+  const unsigned char *src = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(src_param);
+
+  // The GET_INPUT macro gets the next input character, skipping
+  // over any whitespace, and stopping when we reach the end of the
+  // string or when we read any non-data character.  The arguments are
+  // an arbitrary identifier (used as a label for goto) and the number
+  // of data bytes that must remain in the input to avoid aborting the
+  // loop.
+#define GET_INPUT(label, remain)                 \
+  label:                                         \
+    --szsrc;                                     \
+    ch = *src++;                                 \
+    decode = unbase64[ch];                       \
+    if (decode < 0) {                            \
+      if (ascii_isspace(ch) && szsrc >= remain)  \
+        goto label;                              \
+      state = 4 - remain;                        \
+      break;                                     \
+    }
+
+  // if dest is null, we're just checking to see if it's legal input
+  // rather than producing output.  (I suspect this could just be done
+  // with a regexp...).  We duplicate the loop so this test can be
+  // outside it instead of in every iteration.
+
+  if (dest) {
+    // This loop consumes 4 input bytes and produces 3 output bytes
+    // per iteration.  We can't know at the start that there is enough
+    // data left in the string for a full iteration, so the loop may
+    // break out in the middle; if so 'state' will be set to the
+    // number of input bytes read.
+
+    while (szsrc >= 4)  {
+      // We'll start by optimistically assuming that the next four
+      // bytes of the string (src[0..3]) are four good data bytes
+      // (that is, no nulls, whitespace, padding chars, or illegal
+      // chars).  We need to test src[0..2] for nulls individually
+      // before constructing temp to preserve the property that we
+      // never read past a null in the string (no matter how long
+      // szsrc claims the string is).
+
+      if (!src[0] || !src[1] || !src[2] ||
+          (temp = ((unsigned(unbase64[src[0]]) << 18) |
+                   (unsigned(unbase64[src[1]]) << 12) |
+                   (unsigned(unbase64[src[2]]) << 6) |
+                   (unsigned(unbase64[src[3]])))) & 0x80000000) {
+        // Iff any of those four characters was bad (null, illegal,
+        // whitespace, padding), then temp's high bit will be set
+        // (because unbase64[] is -1 for all bad characters).
+        //
+        // We'll back up and resort to the slower decoder, which knows
+        // how to handle those cases.
+
+        GET_INPUT(first, 4);
+        temp = decode;
+        GET_INPUT(second, 3);
+        temp = (temp << 6) | decode;
+        GET_INPUT(third, 2);
+        temp = (temp << 6) | decode;
+        GET_INPUT(fourth, 1);
+        temp = (temp << 6) | decode;
+      } else {
+        // We really did have four good data bytes, so advance four
+        // characters in the string.
+
+        szsrc -= 4;
+        src += 4;
+        decode = -1;
+        ch = '\0';
+      }
+
+      // temp has 24 bits of input, so write that out as three bytes.
+
+      if (destidx+3 > szdest) return -1;
+      dest[destidx+2] = temp;
+      temp >>= 8;
+      dest[destidx+1] = temp;
+      temp >>= 8;
+      dest[destidx] = temp;
+      destidx += 3;
+    }
+  } else {
+    while (szsrc >= 4)  {
+      if (!src[0] || !src[1] || !src[2] ||
+          (temp = ((unsigned(unbase64[src[0]]) << 18) |
+                   (unsigned(unbase64[src[1]]) << 12) |
+                   (unsigned(unbase64[src[2]]) << 6) |
+                   (unsigned(unbase64[src[3]])))) & 0x80000000) {
+        GET_INPUT(first_no_dest, 4);
+        GET_INPUT(second_no_dest, 3);
+        GET_INPUT(third_no_dest, 2);
+        GET_INPUT(fourth_no_dest, 1);
+      } else {
+        szsrc -= 4;
+        src += 4;
+        decode = -1;
+        ch = '\0';
+      }
+      destidx += 3;
+    }
+  }
+
+#undef GET_INPUT
+
+  // if the loop terminated because we read a bad character, return
+  // now.
+  if (decode < 0 && ch != '\0' &&
+      ch != kPad64Equals && ch != kPad64Dot && !ascii_isspace(ch))
+    return -1;
+
+  if (ch == kPad64Equals || ch == kPad64Dot) {
+    // if we stopped by hitting an '=' or '.', un-read that character -- we'll
+    // look at it again when we count to check for the proper number of
+    // equals signs at the end.
+    ++szsrc;
+    --src;
+  } else {
+    // This loop consumes 1 input byte per iteration.  It's used to
+    // clean up the 0-3 input bytes remaining when the first, faster
+    // loop finishes.  'temp' contains the data from 'state' input
+    // characters read by the first loop.
+    while (szsrc > 0)  {
+      --szsrc;
+      ch = *src++;
+      decode = unbase64[ch];
+      if (decode < 0) {
+        if (ascii_isspace(ch)) {
+          continue;
+        } else if (ch == '\0') {
+          break;
+        } else if (ch == kPad64Equals || ch == kPad64Dot) {
+          // back up one character; we'll read it again when we check
+          // for the correct number of pad characters at the end.
+          ++szsrc;
+          --src;
+          break;
+        } else {
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Each input character gives us six bits of output.
+      temp = (temp << 6) | decode;
+      ++state;
+      if (state == 4) {
+        // If we've accumulated 24 bits of output, write that out as
+        // three bytes.
+        if (dest) {
+          if (destidx+3 > szdest) return -1;
+          dest[destidx+2] = temp;
+          temp >>= 8;
+          dest[destidx+1] = temp;
+          temp >>= 8;
+          dest[destidx] = temp;
+        }
+        destidx += 3;
+        state = 0;
+        temp = 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Process the leftover data contained in 'temp' at the end of the input.
+  int expected_equals = 0;
+  switch (state) {
+    case 0:
+      // Nothing left over; output is a multiple of 3 bytes.
+      break;
+
+    case 1:
+      // Bad input; we have 6 bits left over.
+      return -1;
+
+    case 2:
+      // Produce one more output byte from the 12 input bits we have left.
+      if (dest) {
+        if (destidx+1 > szdest) return -1;
+        temp >>= 4;
+        dest[destidx] = temp;
+      }
+      ++destidx;
+      expected_equals = 2;
+      break;
+
+    case 3:
+      // Produce two more output bytes from the 18 input bits we have left.
+      if (dest) {
+        if (destidx+2 > szdest) return -1;
+        temp >>= 2;
+        dest[destidx+1] = temp;
+        temp >>= 8;
+        dest[destidx] = temp;
+      }
+      destidx += 2;
+      expected_equals = 1;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      // state should have no other values at this point.
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "This can't happen; base64 decoder state = " << state;
+  }
+
+  // The remainder of the string should be all whitespace, mixed with
+  // exactly 0 equals signs, or exactly 'expected_equals' equals
+  // signs.  (Always accepting 0 equals signs is a google extension
+  // not covered in the RFC, as is accepting dot as the pad character.)
+
+  int equals = 0;
+  while (szsrc > 0 && *src) {
+    if (*src == kPad64Equals || *src == kPad64Dot)
+      ++equals;
+    else if (!ascii_isspace(*src))
+      return -1;
+    --szsrc;
+    ++src;
+  }
+
+  return (equals == 0 || equals == expected_equals) ? destidx : -1;
+}
+
+// The arrays below were generated by the following code
+// #include <sys/time.h>
+// #include <stdlib.h>
+// #include <string.h>
+// main()
+// {
+//   static const char Base64[] =
+//     "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+//   char *pos;
+//   int idx, i, j;
+//   printf("    ");
+//   for (i = 0; i < 255; i += 8) {
+//     for (j = i; j < i + 8; j++) {
+//       pos = strchr(Base64, j);
+//       if ((pos == NULL) || (j == 0))
+//         idx = -1;
+//       else
+//         idx = pos - Base64;
+//       if (idx == -1)
+//         printf(" %2d,     ", idx);
+//       else
+//         printf(" %2d/*%c*/,", idx, j);
+//     }
+//     printf("\n    ");
+//   }
+// }
+//
+// where the value of "Base64[]" was replaced by one of the base-64 conversion
+// tables from the functions below.
+static const signed char kUnBase64[] = {
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      62/*+*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      63/*/ */,
+  52/*0*/, 53/*1*/, 54/*2*/, 55/*3*/, 56/*4*/, 57/*5*/, 58/*6*/, 59/*7*/,
+  60/*8*/, 61/*9*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,       0/*A*/,  1/*B*/,  2/*C*/,  3/*D*/,  4/*E*/,  5/*F*/,  6/*G*/,
+  07/*H*/,  8/*I*/,  9/*J*/, 10/*K*/, 11/*L*/, 12/*M*/, 13/*N*/, 14/*O*/,
+  15/*P*/, 16/*Q*/, 17/*R*/, 18/*S*/, 19/*T*/, 20/*U*/, 21/*V*/, 22/*W*/,
+  23/*X*/, 24/*Y*/, 25/*Z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      26/*a*/, 27/*b*/, 28/*c*/, 29/*d*/, 30/*e*/, 31/*f*/, 32/*g*/,
+  33/*h*/, 34/*i*/, 35/*j*/, 36/*k*/, 37/*l*/, 38/*m*/, 39/*n*/, 40/*o*/,
+  41/*p*/, 42/*q*/, 43/*r*/, 44/*s*/, 45/*t*/, 46/*u*/, 47/*v*/, 48/*w*/,
+  49/*x*/, 50/*y*/, 51/*z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1
+};
+static const signed char kUnWebSafeBase64[] = {
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      62/*-*/, -1,      -1,
+  52/*0*/, 53/*1*/, 54/*2*/, 55/*3*/, 56/*4*/, 57/*5*/, 58/*6*/, 59/*7*/,
+  60/*8*/, 61/*9*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,       0/*A*/,  1/*B*/,  2/*C*/,  3/*D*/,  4/*E*/,  5/*F*/,  6/*G*/,
+  07/*H*/,  8/*I*/,  9/*J*/, 10/*K*/, 11/*L*/, 12/*M*/, 13/*N*/, 14/*O*/,
+  15/*P*/, 16/*Q*/, 17/*R*/, 18/*S*/, 19/*T*/, 20/*U*/, 21/*V*/, 22/*W*/,
+  23/*X*/, 24/*Y*/, 25/*Z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      63/*_*/,
+  -1,      26/*a*/, 27/*b*/, 28/*c*/, 29/*d*/, 30/*e*/, 31/*f*/, 32/*g*/,
+  33/*h*/, 34/*i*/, 35/*j*/, 36/*k*/, 37/*l*/, 38/*m*/, 39/*n*/, 40/*o*/,
+  41/*p*/, 42/*q*/, 43/*r*/, 44/*s*/, 45/*t*/, 46/*u*/, 47/*v*/, 48/*w*/,
+  49/*x*/, 50/*y*/, 51/*z*/, -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,
+  -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1,      -1
+};
+
+int WebSafeBase64Unescape(const char *src, int szsrc, char *dest, int szdest) {
+  return Base64UnescapeInternal(src, szsrc, dest, szdest, kUnWebSafeBase64);
+}
+
+static bool Base64UnescapeInternal(const char* src, int slen, string* dest,
+                                   const signed char* unbase64) {
+  // Determine the size of the output string.  Base64 encodes every 3 bytes into
+  // 4 characters.  any leftover chars are added directly for good measure.
+  // This is documented in the base64 RFC: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548
+  const int dest_len = 3 * (slen / 4) + (slen % 4);
+
+  dest->resize(dest_len);
+
+  // We are getting the destination buffer by getting the beginning of the
+  // string and converting it into a char *.
+  const int len = Base64UnescapeInternal(src, slen, string_as_array(dest),
+                                         dest_len, unbase64);
+  if (len < 0) {
+    dest->clear();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // could be shorter if there was padding
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(len, dest_len);
+  dest->erase(len);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Base64Unescape(StringPiece src, string* dest) {
+  return Base64UnescapeInternal(src.data(), src.size(), dest, kUnBase64);
+}
+
+bool WebSafeBase64Unescape(StringPiece src, string* dest) {
+  return Base64UnescapeInternal(src.data(), src.size(), dest, kUnWebSafeBase64);
+}
+
+int Base64EscapeInternal(const unsigned char *src, int szsrc,
+                         char *dest, int szdest, const char *base64,
+                         bool do_padding) {
+  static const char kPad64 = '=';
+
+  if (szsrc <= 0) return 0;
+
+  if (szsrc * 4 > szdest * 3) return 0;
+
+  char *cur_dest = dest;
+  const unsigned char *cur_src = src;
+
+  char *limit_dest = dest + szdest;
+  const unsigned char *limit_src = src + szsrc;
+
+  // Three bytes of data encodes to four characters of cyphertext.
+  // So we can pump through three-byte chunks atomically.
+  while (cur_src < limit_src - 3) {  // keep going as long as we have >= 32 bits
+    uint32 in = BigEndian::Load32(cur_src) >> 8;
+
+    cur_dest[0] = base64[in >> 18];
+    in &= 0x3FFFF;
+    cur_dest[1] = base64[in >> 12];
+    in &= 0xFFF;
+    cur_dest[2] = base64[in >> 6];
+    in &= 0x3F;
+    cur_dest[3] = base64[in];
+
+    cur_dest += 4;
+    cur_src += 3;
+  }
+  // To save time, we didn't update szdest or szsrc in the loop.  So do it now.
+  szdest = limit_dest - cur_dest;
+  szsrc = limit_src - cur_src;
+
+  /* now deal with the tail (<=3 bytes) */
+  switch (szsrc) {
+    case 0:
+      // Nothing left; nothing more to do.
+      break;
+    case 1: {
+      // One byte left: this encodes to two characters, and (optionally)
+      // two pad characters to round out the four-character cypherblock.
+      if ((szdest -= 2) < 0) return 0;
+      uint32 in = cur_src[0];
+      cur_dest[0] = base64[in >> 2];
+      in &= 0x3;
+      cur_dest[1] = base64[in << 4];
+      cur_dest += 2;
+      if (do_padding) {
+        if ((szdest -= 2) < 0) return 0;
+        cur_dest[0] = kPad64;
+        cur_dest[1] = kPad64;
+        cur_dest += 2;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 2: {
+      // Two bytes left: this encodes to three characters, and (optionally)
+      // one pad character to round out the four-character cypherblock.
+      if ((szdest -= 3) < 0) return 0;
+      uint32 in = BigEndian::Load16(cur_src);
+      cur_dest[0] = base64[in >> 10];
+      in &= 0x3FF;
+      cur_dest[1] = base64[in >> 4];
+      in &= 0x00F;
+      cur_dest[2] = base64[in << 2];
+      cur_dest += 3;
+      if (do_padding) {
+        if ((szdest -= 1) < 0) return 0;
+        cur_dest[0] = kPad64;
+        cur_dest += 1;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 3: {
+      // Three bytes left: same as in the big loop above.  We can't do this in
+      // the loop because the loop above always reads 4 bytes, and the fourth
+      // byte is past the end of the input.
+      if ((szdest -= 4) < 0) return 0;
+      uint32 in = (cur_src[0] << 16) + BigEndian::Load16(cur_src + 1);
+      cur_dest[0] = base64[in >> 18];
+      in &= 0x3FFFF;
+      cur_dest[1] = base64[in >> 12];
+      in &= 0xFFF;
+      cur_dest[2] = base64[in >> 6];
+      in &= 0x3F;
+      cur_dest[3] = base64[in];
+      cur_dest += 4;
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      // Should not be reached: blocks of 4 bytes are handled
+      // in the while loop before this switch statement.
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Logic problem? szsrc = " << szsrc;
+      break;
+  }
+  return (cur_dest - dest);
+}
+
+static const char kBase64Chars[] =
+"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+static const char kWebSafeBase64Chars[] =
+"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_";
+
+int Base64Escape(const unsigned char *src, int szsrc, char *dest, int szdest) {
+  return Base64EscapeInternal(src, szsrc, dest, szdest, kBase64Chars, true);
+}
+int WebSafeBase64Escape(const unsigned char *src, int szsrc, char *dest,
+                        int szdest, bool do_padding) {
+  return Base64EscapeInternal(src, szsrc, dest, szdest,
+                              kWebSafeBase64Chars, do_padding);
+}
+
+void Base64EscapeInternal(const unsigned char* src, int szsrc,
+                          string* dest, bool do_padding,
+                          const char* base64_chars) {
+  const int calc_escaped_size =
+    CalculateBase64EscapedLen(szsrc, do_padding);
+  dest->resize(calc_escaped_size);
+  const int escaped_len = Base64EscapeInternal(src, szsrc,
+                                               string_as_array(dest),
+                                               dest->size(),
+                                               base64_chars,
+                                               do_padding);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(calc_escaped_size, escaped_len);
+  dest->erase(escaped_len);
+}
+
+void Base64Escape(const unsigned char *src, int szsrc,
+                  string* dest, bool do_padding) {
+  Base64EscapeInternal(src, szsrc, dest, do_padding, kBase64Chars);
+}
+
+void WebSafeBase64Escape(const unsigned char *src, int szsrc,
+                         string *dest, bool do_padding) {
+  Base64EscapeInternal(src, szsrc, dest, do_padding, kWebSafeBase64Chars);
+}
+
+void Base64Escape(StringPiece src, string* dest) {
+  Base64Escape(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(src.data()),
+               src.size(), dest, true);
+}
+
+void WebSafeBase64Escape(StringPiece src, string* dest) {
+  WebSafeBase64Escape(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(src.data()),
+                      src.size(), dest, false);
+}
+
+void WebSafeBase64EscapeWithPadding(StringPiece src, string* dest) {
+  WebSafeBase64Escape(reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(src.data()),
+                      src.size(), dest, true);
+}
+
+// Helper to append a Unicode code point to a string as UTF8, without bringing
+// in any external dependencies.
+int EncodeAsUTF8Char(uint32 code_point, char* output) {
+  uint32 tmp = 0;
+  int len = 0;
+  if (code_point <= 0x7f) {
+    tmp = code_point;
+    len = 1;
+  } else if (code_point <= 0x07ff) {
+    tmp = 0x0000c080 |
+        ((code_point & 0x07c0) << 2) |
+        (code_point & 0x003f);
+    len = 2;
+  } else if (code_point <= 0xffff) {
+    tmp = 0x00e08080 |
+        ((code_point & 0xf000) << 4) |
+        ((code_point & 0x0fc0) << 2) |
+        (code_point & 0x003f);
+    len = 3;
+  } else {
+    // UTF-16 is only defined for code points up to 0x10FFFF, and UTF-8 is
+    // normally only defined up to there as well.
+    tmp = 0xf0808080 |
+        ((code_point & 0x1c0000) << 6) |
+        ((code_point & 0x03f000) << 4) |
+        ((code_point & 0x000fc0) << 2) |
+        (code_point & 0x003f);
+    len = 4;
+  }
+  tmp = ghtonl(tmp);
+  memcpy(output, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&tmp) + sizeof(tmp) - len, len);
+  return len;
+}
+
+// Table of UTF-8 character lengths, based on first byte
+static const unsigned char kUTF8LenTbl[256] = {
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2, 2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
+  3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3, 3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3, 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4, 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4
+};
+
+// Return length of a single UTF-8 source character
+int UTF8FirstLetterNumBytes(const char* src, int len) {
+  if (len == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return kUTF8LenTbl[*reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(src)];
+}
+
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h
index f2e1a944..b22066b6 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <vector>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
 
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
@@ -72,7 +73,33 @@ inline bool ascii_isdigit(char c) {
 }
 
 inline bool ascii_isspace(char c) {
-  return c == ' ';
+  return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\v' || c == '\f' ||
+      c == '\r';
+}
+
+inline bool ascii_isupper(char c) {
+  return c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z';
+}
+
+inline bool ascii_islower(char c) {
+  return c >= 'a' && c <= 'z';
+}
+
+inline char ascii_toupper(char c) {
+  return ascii_islower(c) ? c - ('a' - 'A') : c;
+}
+
+inline char ascii_tolower(char c) {
+  return ascii_isupper(c) ? c + ('a' - 'A') : c;
+}
+
+inline int hex_digit_to_int(char c) {
+  /* Assume ASCII. */
+  int x = static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+  if (x > '9') {
+    x += 9;
+  }
+  return x & 0xf;
 }
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -360,12 +387,59 @@ inline uint64 strtou64(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base) {
 }
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// safe_strtob()
 // safe_strto32()
+// safe_strtou32()
+// safe_strto64()
+// safe_strtou64()
+// safe_strtof()
+// safe_strtod()
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_int(string text, int32* value_p);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strtob(StringPiece str, bool* value);
+
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strto32(const string& str, int32* value);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strtou32(const string& str, uint32* value);
+inline bool safe_strto32(const char* str, int32* value) {
+  return safe_strto32(string(str), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strto32(StringPiece str, int32* value) {
+  return safe_strto32(str.ToString(), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtou32(const char* str, uint32* value) {
+  return safe_strtou32(string(str), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtou32(StringPiece str, uint32* value) {
+  return safe_strtou32(str.ToString(), value);
+}
 
-inline bool safe_strto32(string text, int32* value) {
-  return safe_int(text, value);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strto64(const string& str, int64* value);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strtou64(const string& str, uint64* value);
+inline bool safe_strto64(const char* str, int64* value) {
+  return safe_strto64(string(str), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strto64(StringPiece str, int64* value) {
+  return safe_strto64(str.ToString(), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtou64(const char* str, uint64* value) {
+  return safe_strtou64(string(str), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtou64(StringPiece str, uint64* value) {
+  return safe_strtou64(str.ToString(), value);
+}
+
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strtof(const char* str, float* value);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool safe_strtod(const char* str, double* value);
+inline bool safe_strtof(const string& str, float* value) {
+  return safe_strtof(str.c_str(), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtod(const string& str, double* value) {
+  return safe_strtod(str.c_str(), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtof(StringPiece str, float* value) {
+  return safe_strtof(str.ToString(), value);
+}
+inline bool safe_strtod(StringPiece str, double* value) {
+  return safe_strtod(str.ToString(), value);
 }
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -451,6 +525,10 @@ inline char* FastUInt64ToBuffer(uint64 i, char* buffer) {
   return buffer;
 }
 
+inline string SimpleBtoa(bool value) {
+  return value ? "true" : "false";
+}
+
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 // SimpleItoa()
 //    Description: converts an integer to a string.
@@ -495,57 +573,182 @@ LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT char* FloatToBuffer(float i, char* buffer);
 static const int kDoubleToBufferSize = 32;
 static const int kFloatToBufferSize = 24;
 
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-// ToString() are internal help methods used in StrCat() and Join()
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-namespace internal {
-inline string ToString(int i) {
-  return SimpleItoa(i);
-}
+namespace strings {
 
-inline string ToString(string a) {
-  return a;
-}
-}  // namespace internal
+enum PadSpec {
+  NO_PAD = 1,
+  ZERO_PAD_2,
+  ZERO_PAD_3,
+  ZERO_PAD_4,
+  ZERO_PAD_5,
+  ZERO_PAD_6,
+  ZERO_PAD_7,
+  ZERO_PAD_8,
+  ZERO_PAD_9,
+  ZERO_PAD_10,
+  ZERO_PAD_11,
+  ZERO_PAD_12,
+  ZERO_PAD_13,
+  ZERO_PAD_14,
+  ZERO_PAD_15,
+  ZERO_PAD_16,
+};
+
+struct Hex {
+  uint64 value;
+  enum PadSpec spec;
+  template <class Int>
+  explicit Hex(Int v, PadSpec s = NO_PAD)
+      : spec(s) {
+    // Prevent sign-extension by casting integers to
+    // their unsigned counterparts.
+#ifdef LANG_CXX11
+    static_assert(
+        sizeof(v) == 1 || sizeof(v) == 2 || sizeof(v) == 4 || sizeof(v) == 8,
+        "Unknown integer type");
+#endif
+    value = sizeof(v) == 1 ? static_cast<uint8>(v)
+          : sizeof(v) == 2 ? static_cast<uint16>(v)
+          : sizeof(v) == 4 ? static_cast<uint32>(v)
+          : static_cast<uint64>(v);
+  }
+};
 
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-// StrCat()
-//    These methods join some strings together.
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5,
-          typename T6, typename T7>
-string StrCat(
-    const T1& a, const T2& b, const T3& c, const T4& d, const T5& e,
-    const T6& f, const T7& g) {
-  return internal::ToString(a) + internal::ToString(b) +
-      internal::ToString(c) + internal::ToString(d) + internal::ToString(e) +
-      internal::ToString(f) + internal::ToString(g);
-}
+struct LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT AlphaNum {
+  const char *piece_data_;  // move these to string_ref eventually
+  size_t piece_size_;       // move these to string_ref eventually
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5>
-string StrCat(
-    const T1& a, const T2& b, const T3& c, const T4& d, const T5& e) {
-  return internal::ToString(a) + internal::ToString(b) +
-      internal::ToString(c) + internal::ToString(d) + internal::ToString(e);
-}
+  char digits[kFastToBufferSize];
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4>
-string StrCat(
-    const T1& a, const T2& b, const T3& c, const T4& d) {
-  return internal::ToString(a) + internal::ToString(b) +
-      internal::ToString(c) + internal::ToString(d);
-}
+  // No bool ctor -- bools convert to an integral type.
+  // A bool ctor would also convert incoming pointers (bletch).
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2, typename T3>
-string StrCat(const T1& a, const T2& b, const T3& c) {
-  return internal::ToString(a) + internal::ToString(b) +
-      internal::ToString(c);
-}
+  AlphaNum(int32 i32)
+      : piece_data_(digits),
+        piece_size_(FastInt32ToBufferLeft(i32, digits) - &digits[0]) {}
+  AlphaNum(uint32 u32)
+      : piece_data_(digits),
+        piece_size_(FastUInt32ToBufferLeft(u32, digits) - &digits[0]) {}
+  AlphaNum(int64 i64)
+      : piece_data_(digits),
+        piece_size_(FastInt64ToBufferLeft(i64, digits) - &digits[0]) {}
+  AlphaNum(uint64 u64)
+      : piece_data_(digits),
+        piece_size_(FastUInt64ToBufferLeft(u64, digits) - &digits[0]) {}
 
-template <typename T1, typename T2>
-string StrCat(const T1& a, const T2& b) {
-  return internal::ToString(a) + internal::ToString(b);
-}
+  AlphaNum(float f)
+    : piece_data_(digits), piece_size_(strlen(FloatToBuffer(f, digits))) {}
+  AlphaNum(double f)
+    : piece_data_(digits), piece_size_(strlen(DoubleToBuffer(f, digits))) {}
+
+  AlphaNum(Hex hex);
+
+  AlphaNum(const char* c_str)
+      : piece_data_(c_str), piece_size_(strlen(c_str)) {}
+  // TODO: Add a string_ref constructor, eventually
+  // AlphaNum(const StringPiece &pc) : piece(pc) {}
+
+  AlphaNum(const string& str)
+      : piece_data_(str.data()), piece_size_(str.size()) {}
+
+  AlphaNum(StringPiece str)
+      : piece_data_(str.data()), piece_size_(str.size()) {}
+
+  size_t size() const { return piece_size_; }
+  const char *data() const { return piece_data_; }
+
+ private:
+  // Use ":" not ':'
+  AlphaNum(char c);  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
+
+  // Disallow copy and assign.
+  AlphaNum(const AlphaNum&);
+  void operator=(const AlphaNum&);
+};
+
+}  // namespace strings
+
+using strings::AlphaNum;
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StrCat()
+//    This merges the given strings or numbers, with no delimiter.  This
+//    is designed to be the fastest possible way to construct a string out
+//    of a mix of raw C strings, strings, bool values,
+//    and numeric values.
+//
+//    Don't use this for user-visible strings.  The localization process
+//    works poorly on strings built up out of fragments.
+//
+//    For clarity and performance, don't use StrCat when appending to a
+//    string.  In particular, avoid using any of these (anti-)patterns:
+//      str.append(StrCat(...)
+//      str += StrCat(...)
+//      str = StrCat(str, ...)
+//    where the last is the worse, with the potential to change a loop
+//    from a linear time operation with O(1) dynamic allocations into a
+//    quadratic time operation with O(n) dynamic allocations.  StrAppend
+//    is a better choice than any of the above, subject to the restriction
+//    of StrAppend(&str, a, b, c, ...) that none of the a, b, c, ... may
+//    be a reference into str.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                                 const AlphaNum& c);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                                 const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                                 const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d,
+                                 const AlphaNum& e);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                                 const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d,
+                                 const AlphaNum& e, const AlphaNum& f);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                                 const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d,
+                                 const AlphaNum& e, const AlphaNum& f,
+                                 const AlphaNum& g);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                                 const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d,
+                                 const AlphaNum& e, const AlphaNum& f,
+                                 const AlphaNum& g, const AlphaNum& h);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a, const AlphaNum& b,
+                                 const AlphaNum& c, const AlphaNum& d,
+                                 const AlphaNum& e, const AlphaNum& f,
+                                 const AlphaNum& g, const AlphaNum& h,
+                                 const AlphaNum& i);
+
+inline string StrCat(const AlphaNum& a) { return string(a.data(), a.size()); }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// StrAppend()
+//    Same as above, but adds the output to the given string.
+//    WARNING: For speed, StrAppend does not try to check each of its input
+//    arguments to be sure that they are not a subset of the string being
+//    appended to.  That is, while this will work:
+//
+//    string s = "foo";
+//    s += s;
+//
+//    This will not (necessarily) work:
+//
+//    string s = "foo";
+//    StrAppend(&s, s);
+//
+//    Note: while StrCat supports appending up to 9 arguments, StrAppend
+//    is currently limited to 4.  That's rarely an issue except when
+//    automatically transforming StrCat to StrAppend, and can easily be
+//    worked around as consecutive calls to StrAppend are quite efficient.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void StrAppend(string* dest, const AlphaNum& a);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void StrAppend(string* dest, const AlphaNum& a,
+                                  const AlphaNum& b);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void StrAppend(string* dest, const AlphaNum& a,
+                                  const AlphaNum& b, const AlphaNum& c);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void StrAppend(string* dest, const AlphaNum& a,
+                                  const AlphaNum& b, const AlphaNum& c,
+                                  const AlphaNum& d);
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Join()
@@ -559,7 +762,7 @@ void Join(Iterator start, Iterator end,
     if (it != start) {
       result->append(delim);
     }
-    result->append(internal::ToString(*it));
+    StrAppend(result, *it);
   }
 }
 
@@ -588,6 +791,83 @@ LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT int GlobalReplaceSubstring(const string& substring,
                                               const string& replacement,
                                               string* s);
 
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Base64Unescape()
+//    Converts "src" which is encoded in Base64 to its binary equivalent and
+//    writes it to "dest". If src contains invalid characters, dest is cleared
+//    and the function returns false. Returns true on success.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool Base64Unescape(StringPiece src, string* dest);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// WebSafeBase64Unescape()
+//    This is a variation of Base64Unescape which uses '-' instead of '+', and
+//    '_' instead of '/'. src is not null terminated, instead specify len. I
+//    recommend that slen<szdest, but we honor szdest anyway.
+//    RETURNS the length of dest, or -1 if src contains invalid chars.
+
+//    The variation that stores into a string clears the string first, and
+//    returns false (with dest empty) if src contains invalid chars; for
+//    this version src and dest must be different strings.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT int WebSafeBase64Unescape(const char* src, int slen,
+                                             char* dest, int szdest);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool WebSafeBase64Unescape(StringPiece src, string* dest);
+
+// Return the length to use for the output buffer given to the base64 escape
+// routines. Make sure to use the same value for do_padding in both.
+// This function may return incorrect results if given input_len values that
+// are extremely high, which should happen rarely.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT int CalculateBase64EscapedLen(int input_len,
+                                                 bool do_padding);
+// Use this version when calling Base64Escape without a do_padding arg.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT int CalculateBase64EscapedLen(int input_len);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Base64Escape()
+// WebSafeBase64Escape()
+//    Encode "src" to "dest" using base64 encoding.
+//    src is not null terminated, instead specify len.
+//    'dest' should have at least CalculateBase64EscapedLen() length.
+//    RETURNS the length of dest.
+//    The WebSafe variation use '-' instead of '+' and '_' instead of '/'
+//    so that we can place the out in the URL or cookies without having
+//    to escape them.  It also has an extra parameter "do_padding",
+//    which when set to false will prevent padding with "=".
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT int Base64Escape(const unsigned char* src, int slen,
+                                    char* dest, int szdest);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT int WebSafeBase64Escape(
+    const unsigned char* src, int slen, char* dest,
+    int szdest, bool do_padding);
+// Encode src into dest with padding.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void Base64Escape(StringPiece src, string* dest);
+// Encode src into dest web-safely without padding.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void WebSafeBase64Escape(StringPiece src, string* dest);
+// Encode src into dest web-safely with padding.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void WebSafeBase64EscapeWithPadding(StringPiece src,
+                                                       string* dest);
+
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void Base64Escape(const unsigned char* src, int szsrc,
+                                     string* dest, bool do_padding);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void WebSafeBase64Escape(const unsigned char* src, int szsrc,
+                                            string* dest, bool do_padding);
+
+static const int UTFmax = 4;
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// EncodeAsUTF8Char()
+//  Helper to append a Unicode code point to a string as UTF8, without bringing
+//  in any external dependencies. The output buffer must be as least 4 bytes
+//  large.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT int EncodeAsUTF8Char(uint32 code_point, char* output);
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// UTF8FirstLetterNumBytes()
+//   Length of the first UTF-8 character.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT int UTF8FirstLetterNumBytes(const char* src, int len);
+
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil_unittest.cc
index 7f27dca0..5d62fc4a 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil_unittest.cc
@@ -32,9 +32,15 @@
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
 
+#include <locale.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <locale.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define snprintf _snprintf
+#endif
 
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
@@ -68,6 +74,737 @@ TEST(StringUtilityTest, ImmuneToLocales) {
   setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, old_locale.c_str());
 }
 
+#define EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(len, x, y, msg)                     \
+  for (int j = 0; j < len; ++j) {                           \
+    EXPECT_EQ(x[j], y[j]) << "" # x << " != " # y           \
+                          << " byte " << j << ": " << msg;  \
+  }
+
+static struct {
+  int plain_length;
+  const char* plaintext;
+  const char* cyphertext;
+} base64_tests[] = {
+  // Empty string.
+  { 0, "", ""},
+
+  // Basic bit patterns;
+  // values obtained with "echo -n '...' | uuencode -m test"
+
+  { 1, "\000", "AA==" },
+  { 1, "\001", "AQ==" },
+  { 1, "\002", "Ag==" },
+  { 1, "\004", "BA==" },
+  { 1, "\010", "CA==" },
+  { 1, "\020", "EA==" },
+  { 1, "\040", "IA==" },
+  { 1, "\100", "QA==" },
+  { 1, "\200", "gA==" },
+
+  { 1, "\377", "/w==" },
+  { 1, "\376", "/g==" },
+  { 1, "\375", "/Q==" },
+  { 1, "\373", "+w==" },
+  { 1, "\367", "9w==" },
+  { 1, "\357", "7w==" },
+  { 1, "\337", "3w==" },
+  { 1, "\277", "vw==" },
+  { 1, "\177", "fw==" },
+  { 2, "\000\000", "AAA=" },
+  { 2, "\000\001", "AAE=" },
+  { 2, "\000\002", "AAI=" },
+  { 2, "\000\004", "AAQ=" },
+  { 2, "\000\010", "AAg=" },
+  { 2, "\000\020", "ABA=" },
+  { 2, "\000\040", "ACA=" },
+  { 2, "\000\100", "AEA=" },
+  { 2, "\000\200", "AIA=" },
+  { 2, "\001\000", "AQA=" },
+  { 2, "\002\000", "AgA=" },
+  { 2, "\004\000", "BAA=" },
+  { 2, "\010\000", "CAA=" },
+  { 2, "\020\000", "EAA=" },
+  { 2, "\040\000", "IAA=" },
+  { 2, "\100\000", "QAA=" },
+  { 2, "\200\000", "gAA=" },
+
+  { 2, "\377\377", "//8=" },
+  { 2, "\377\376", "//4=" },
+  { 2, "\377\375", "//0=" },
+  { 2, "\377\373", "//s=" },
+  { 2, "\377\367", "//c=" },
+  { 2, "\377\357", "/+8=" },
+  { 2, "\377\337", "/98=" },
+  { 2, "\377\277", "/78=" },
+  { 2, "\377\177", "/38=" },
+  { 2, "\376\377", "/v8=" },
+  { 2, "\375\377", "/f8=" },
+  { 2, "\373\377", "+/8=" },
+  { 2, "\367\377", "9/8=" },
+  { 2, "\357\377", "7/8=" },
+  { 2, "\337\377", "3/8=" },
+  { 2, "\277\377", "v/8=" },
+  { 2, "\177\377", "f/8=" },
+
+  { 3, "\000\000\000", "AAAA" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\001", "AAAB" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\002", "AAAC" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\004", "AAAE" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\010", "AAAI" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\020", "AAAQ" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\040", "AAAg" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\100", "AABA" },
+  { 3, "\000\000\200", "AACA" },
+  { 3, "\000\001\000", "AAEA" },
+  { 3, "\000\002\000", "AAIA" },
+  { 3, "\000\004\000", "AAQA" },
+  { 3, "\000\010\000", "AAgA" },
+  { 3, "\000\020\000", "ABAA" },
+  { 3, "\000\040\000", "ACAA" },
+  { 3, "\000\100\000", "AEAA" },
+  { 3, "\000\200\000", "AIAA" },
+  { 3, "\001\000\000", "AQAA" },
+  { 3, "\002\000\000", "AgAA" },
+  { 3, "\004\000\000", "BAAA" },
+  { 3, "\010\000\000", "CAAA" },
+  { 3, "\020\000\000", "EAAA" },
+  { 3, "\040\000\000", "IAAA" },
+  { 3, "\100\000\000", "QAAA" },
+  { 3, "\200\000\000", "gAAA" },
+
+  { 3, "\377\377\377", "////" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\376", "///+" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\375", "///9" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\373", "///7" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\367", "///3" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\357", "///v" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\337", "///f" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\277", "//+/" },
+  { 3, "\377\377\177", "//9/" },
+  { 3, "\377\376\377", "//7/" },
+  { 3, "\377\375\377", "//3/" },
+  { 3, "\377\373\377", "//v/" },
+  { 3, "\377\367\377", "//f/" },
+  { 3, "\377\357\377", "/+//" },
+  { 3, "\377\337\377", "/9//" },
+  { 3, "\377\277\377", "/7//" },
+  { 3, "\377\177\377", "/3//" },
+  { 3, "\376\377\377", "/v//" },
+  { 3, "\375\377\377", "/f//" },
+  { 3, "\373\377\377", "+///" },
+  { 3, "\367\377\377", "9///" },
+  { 3, "\357\377\377", "7///" },
+  { 3, "\337\377\377", "3///" },
+  { 3, "\277\377\377", "v///" },
+  { 3, "\177\377\377", "f///" },
+
+  // Random numbers: values obtained with
+  //
+  //  #! /bin/bash
+  //  dd bs=$1 count=1 if=/dev/random of=/tmp/bar.random
+  //  od -N $1 -t o1 /tmp/bar.random
+  //  uuencode -m test < /tmp/bar.random
+  //
+  // where $1 is the number of bytes (2, 3)
+
+  { 2, "\243\361", "o/E=" },
+  { 2, "\024\167", "FHc=" },
+  { 2, "\313\252", "y6o=" },
+  { 2, "\046\041", "JiE=" },
+  { 2, "\145\236", "ZZ4=" },
+  { 2, "\254\325", "rNU=" },
+  { 2, "\061\330", "Mdg=" },
+  { 2, "\245\032", "pRo=" },
+  { 2, "\006\000", "BgA=" },
+  { 2, "\375\131", "/Vk=" },
+  { 2, "\303\210", "w4g=" },
+  { 2, "\040\037", "IB8=" },
+  { 2, "\261\372", "sfo=" },
+  { 2, "\335\014", "3Qw=" },
+  { 2, "\233\217", "m48=" },
+  { 2, "\373\056", "+y4=" },
+  { 2, "\247\232", "p5o=" },
+  { 2, "\107\053", "Rys=" },
+  { 2, "\204\077", "hD8=" },
+  { 2, "\276\211", "vok=" },
+  { 2, "\313\110", "y0g=" },
+  { 2, "\363\376", "8/4=" },
+  { 2, "\251\234", "qZw=" },
+  { 2, "\103\262", "Q7I=" },
+  { 2, "\142\312", "Yso=" },
+  { 2, "\067\211", "N4k=" },
+  { 2, "\220\001", "kAE=" },
+  { 2, "\152\240", "aqA=" },
+  { 2, "\367\061", "9zE=" },
+  { 2, "\133\255", "W60=" },
+  { 2, "\176\035", "fh0=" },
+  { 2, "\032\231", "Gpk=" },
+
+  { 3, "\013\007\144", "Cwdk" },
+  { 3, "\030\112\106", "GEpG" },
+  { 3, "\047\325\046", "J9Um" },
+  { 3, "\310\160\022", "yHAS" },
+  { 3, "\131\100\237", "WUCf" },
+  { 3, "\064\342\134", "NOJc" },
+  { 3, "\010\177\004", "CH8E" },
+  { 3, "\345\147\205", "5WeF" },
+  { 3, "\300\343\360", "wOPw" },
+  { 3, "\061\240\201", "MaCB" },
+  { 3, "\225\333\044", "ldsk" },
+  { 3, "\215\137\352", "jV/q" },
+  { 3, "\371\147\160", "+Wdw" },
+  { 3, "\030\320\051", "GNAp" },
+  { 3, "\044\174\241", "JHyh" },
+  { 3, "\260\127\037", "sFcf" },
+  { 3, "\111\045\033", "SSUb" },
+  { 3, "\202\114\107", "gkxH" },
+  { 3, "\057\371\042", "L/ki" },
+  { 3, "\223\247\244", "k6ek" },
+  { 3, "\047\216\144", "J45k" },
+  { 3, "\203\070\327", "gzjX" },
+  { 3, "\247\140\072", "p2A6" },
+  { 3, "\124\115\116", "VE1O" },
+  { 3, "\157\162\050", "b3Io" },
+  { 3, "\357\223\004", "75ME" },
+  { 3, "\052\117\156", "Kk9u" },
+  { 3, "\347\154\000", "52wA" },
+  { 3, "\303\012\142", "wwpi" },
+  { 3, "\060\035\362", "MB3y" },
+  { 3, "\130\226\361", "WJbx" },
+  { 3, "\173\013\071", "ews5" },
+  { 3, "\336\004\027", "3gQX" },
+  { 3, "\357\366\234", "7/ac" },
+  { 3, "\353\304\111", "68RJ" },
+  { 3, "\024\264\131", "FLRZ" },
+  { 3, "\075\114\251", "PUyp" },
+  { 3, "\315\031\225", "zRmV" },
+  { 3, "\154\201\276", "bIG+" },
+  { 3, "\200\066\072", "gDY6" },
+  { 3, "\142\350\267", "Yui3" },
+  { 3, "\033\000\166", "GwB2" },
+  { 3, "\210\055\077", "iC0/" },
+  { 3, "\341\037\124", "4R9U" },
+  { 3, "\161\103\152", "cUNq" },
+  { 3, "\270\142\131", "uGJZ" },
+  { 3, "\337\076\074", "3z48" },
+  { 3, "\375\106\362", "/Uby" },
+  { 3, "\227\301\127", "l8FX" },
+  { 3, "\340\002\234", "4AKc" },
+  { 3, "\121\064\033", "UTQb" },
+  { 3, "\157\134\143", "b1xj" },
+  { 3, "\247\055\327", "py3X" },
+  { 3, "\340\142\005", "4GIF" },
+  { 3, "\060\260\143", "MLBj" },
+  { 3, "\075\203\170", "PYN4" },
+  { 3, "\143\160\016", "Y3AO" },
+  { 3, "\313\013\063", "ywsz" },
+  { 3, "\174\236\135", "fJ5d" },
+  { 3, "\103\047\026", "QycW" },
+  { 3, "\365\005\343", "9QXj" },
+  { 3, "\271\160\223", "uXCT" },
+  { 3, "\362\255\172", "8q16" },
+  { 3, "\113\012\015", "SwoN" },
+
+  // various lengths, generated by this python script:
+  //
+  // from string import lowercase as lc
+  // for i in range(27):
+  //   print '{ %2d, "%s",%s "%s" },' % (i, lc[:i], ' ' * (26-i),
+  //                                     lc[:i].encode('base64').strip())
+
+  {  0, "",                           "" },
+  {  1, "a",                          "YQ==" },
+  {  2, "ab",                         "YWI=" },
+  {  3, "abc",                        "YWJj" },
+  {  4, "abcd",                       "YWJjZA==" },
+  {  5, "abcde",                      "YWJjZGU=" },
+  {  6, "abcdef",                     "YWJjZGVm" },
+  {  7, "abcdefg",                    "YWJjZGVmZw==" },
+  {  8, "abcdefgh",                   "YWJjZGVmZ2g=" },
+  {  9, "abcdefghi",                  "YWJjZGVmZ2hp" },
+  { 10, "abcdefghij",                 "YWJjZGVmZ2hpag==" },
+  { 11, "abcdefghijk",                "YWJjZGVmZ2hpams=" },
+  { 12, "abcdefghijkl",               "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamts" },
+  { 13, "abcdefghijklm",              "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbQ==" },
+  { 14, "abcdefghijklmn",             "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW4=" },
+  { 15, "abcdefghijklmno",            "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5v" },
+  { 16, "abcdefghijklmnop",           "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcA==" },
+  { 17, "abcdefghijklmnopq",          "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHE=" },
+  { 18, "abcdefghijklmnopqr",         "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFy" },
+  { 19, "abcdefghijklmnopqrs",        "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFycw==" },
+  { 20, "abcdefghijklmnopqrst",       "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3Q=" },
+  { 21, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstu",      "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1" },
+  { 22, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv",     "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dg==" },
+  { 23, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw",    "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnc=" },
+  { 24, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx",   "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnd4" },
+  { 25, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy",  "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnd4eQ==" },
+  { 26, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", "YWJjZGVmZ2hpamtsbW5vcHFyc3R1dnd4eXo=" },
+};
+
+static struct {
+  const char* plaintext;
+  const char* cyphertext;
+} base64_strings[] = {
+  // Some google quotes
+  // Cyphertext created with "uuencode (GNU sharutils) 4.6.3"
+  // (Note that we're testing the websafe encoding, though, so if
+  // you add messages, be sure to run "tr -- '+/' '-_'" on the output)
+  { "I was always good at math and science, and I never realized "
+    "that was unusual or somehow undesirable. So one of the things "
+    "I care a lot about is helping to remove that stigma, "
+    "to show girls that you can be feminine, you can like the things "
+    "that girls like, but you can also be really good at technology. "
+    "You can be really good at building things."
+    " - Marissa Meyer, Newsweek, 2010-12-22" "\n",
+
+    "SSB3YXMgYWx3YXlzIGdvb2QgYXQgbWF0aCBhbmQgc2NpZW5jZSwgYW5kIEkg"
+    "bmV2ZXIgcmVhbGl6ZWQgdGhhdCB3YXMgdW51c3VhbCBvciBzb21laG93IHVu"
+    "ZGVzaXJhYmxlLiBTbyBvbmUgb2YgdGhlIHRoaW5ncyBJIGNhcmUgYSBsb3Qg"
+    "YWJvdXQgaXMgaGVscGluZyB0byByZW1vdmUgdGhhdCBzdGlnbWEsIHRvIHNo"
+    "b3cgZ2lybHMgdGhhdCB5b3UgY2FuIGJlIGZlbWluaW5lLCB5b3UgY2FuIGxp"
+    "a2UgdGhlIHRoaW5ncyB0aGF0IGdpcmxzIGxpa2UsIGJ1dCB5b3UgY2FuIGFs"
+    "c28gYmUgcmVhbGx5IGdvb2QgYXQgdGVjaG5vbG9neS4gWW91IGNhbiBiZSBy"
+    "ZWFsbHkgZ29vZCBhdCBidWlsZGluZyB0aGluZ3MuIC0gTWFyaXNzYSBNZXll"
+    "ciwgTmV3c3dlZWssIDIwMTAtMTItMjIK" },
+
+  { "Typical first year for a new cluster: "
+    "~0.5 overheating "
+    "~1 PDU failure "
+    "~1 rack-move "
+    "~1 network rewiring "
+    "~20 rack failures "
+    "~5 racks go wonky "
+    "~8 network maintenances "
+    "~12 router reloads "
+    "~3 router failures "
+    "~dozens of minor 30-second blips for dns "
+    "~1000 individual machine failures "
+    "~thousands of hard drive failures "
+    "slow disks, bad memory, misconfigured machines, flaky machines, etc."
+    " - Jeff Dean, The Joys of Real Hardware" "\n",
+
+    "VHlwaWNhbCBmaXJzdCB5ZWFyIGZvciBhIG5ldyBjbHVzdGVyOiB-MC41IG92"
+    "ZXJoZWF0aW5nIH4xIFBEVSBmYWlsdXJlIH4xIHJhY2stbW92ZSB-MSBuZXR3"
+    "b3JrIHJld2lyaW5nIH4yMCByYWNrIGZhaWx1cmVzIH41IHJhY2tzIGdvIHdv"
+    "bmt5IH44IG5ldHdvcmsgbWFpbnRlbmFuY2VzIH4xMiByb3V0ZXIgcmVsb2Fk"
+    "cyB-MyByb3V0ZXIgZmFpbHVyZXMgfmRvemVucyBvZiBtaW5vciAzMC1zZWNv"
+    "bmQgYmxpcHMgZm9yIGRucyB-MTAwMCBpbmRpdmlkdWFsIG1hY2hpbmUgZmFp"
+    "bHVyZXMgfnRob3VzYW5kcyBvZiBoYXJkIGRyaXZlIGZhaWx1cmVzIHNsb3cg"
+    "ZGlza3MsIGJhZCBtZW1vcnksIG1pc2NvbmZpZ3VyZWQgbWFjaGluZXMsIGZs"
+    "YWt5IG1hY2hpbmVzLCBldGMuIC0gSmVmZiBEZWFuLCBUaGUgSm95cyBvZiBS"
+    "ZWFsIEhhcmR3YXJlCg" },
+
+  { "I'm the head of the webspam team at Google.  "
+    "That means that if you type your name into Google and get porn back, "
+    "it's my fault. Unless you're a porn star, in which case porn is a "
+    "completely reasonable response."
+    " - Matt Cutts, Google Plus" "\n",
+
+    "SSdtIHRoZSBoZWFkIG9mIHRoZSB3ZWJzcGFtIHRlYW0gYXQgR29vZ2xlLiAg"
+    "VGhhdCBtZWFucyB0aGF0IGlmIHlvdSB0eXBlIHlvdXIgbmFtZSBpbnRvIEdv"
+    "b2dsZSBhbmQgZ2V0IHBvcm4gYmFjaywgaXQncyBteSBmYXVsdC4gVW5sZXNz"
+    "IHlvdSdyZSBhIHBvcm4gc3RhciwgaW4gd2hpY2ggY2FzZSBwb3JuIGlzIGEg"
+    "Y29tcGxldGVseSByZWFzb25hYmxlIHJlc3BvbnNlLiAtIE1hdHQgQ3V0dHMs"
+    "IEdvb2dsZSBQbHVzCg" },
+
+  { "It will still be a long time before machines approach human intelligence. "
+    "But luckily, machines don't actually have to be intelligent; "
+    "they just have to fake it. Access to a wealth of information, "
+    "combined with a rudimentary decision-making capacity, "
+    "can often be almost as useful. Of course, the results are better yet "
+    "when coupled with intelligence. A reference librarian with access to "
+    "a good search engine is a formidable tool."
+    " - Craig Silverstein, Siemens Pictures of the Future, Spring 2004" "\n",
+
+    "SXQgd2lsbCBzdGlsbCBiZSBhIGxvbmcgdGltZSBiZWZvcmUgbWFjaGluZXMg"
+    "YXBwcm9hY2ggaHVtYW4gaW50ZWxsaWdlbmNlLiBCdXQgbHVja2lseSwgbWFj"
+    "aGluZXMgZG9uJ3QgYWN0dWFsbHkgaGF2ZSB0byBiZSBpbnRlbGxpZ2VudDsg"
+    "dGhleSBqdXN0IGhhdmUgdG8gZmFrZSBpdC4gQWNjZXNzIHRvIGEgd2VhbHRo"
+    "IG9mIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uLCBjb21iaW5lZCB3aXRoIGEgcnVkaW1lbnRhcnkg"
+    "ZGVjaXNpb24tbWFraW5nIGNhcGFjaXR5LCBjYW4gb2Z0ZW4gYmUgYWxtb3N0"
+    "IGFzIHVzZWZ1bC4gT2YgY291cnNlLCB0aGUgcmVzdWx0cyBhcmUgYmV0dGVy"
+    "IHlldCB3aGVuIGNvdXBsZWQgd2l0aCBpbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UuIEEgcmVmZXJl"
+    "bmNlIGxpYnJhcmlhbiB3aXRoIGFjY2VzcyB0byBhIGdvb2Qgc2VhcmNoIGVu"
+    "Z2luZSBpcyBhIGZvcm1pZGFibGUgdG9vbC4gLSBDcmFpZyBTaWx2ZXJzdGVp"
+    "biwgU2llbWVucyBQaWN0dXJlcyBvZiB0aGUgRnV0dXJlLCBTcHJpbmcgMjAw"
+    "NAo" },
+
+  // Degenerate edge case
+  { "",
+    "" },
+};
+
+TEST(Base64, EscapeAndUnescape) {
+  // Check the short strings; this tests the math (and boundaries)
+  for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(base64_tests) / sizeof(base64_tests[0]); ++i) {
+    char encode_buffer[100];
+    int encode_length;
+    char decode_buffer[100];
+    int decode_length;
+    int cypher_length;
+    string decode_str;
+
+    const unsigned char* unsigned_plaintext =
+      reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(base64_tests[i].plaintext);
+
+    StringPiece plaintext(base64_tests[i].plaintext,
+                          base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    cypher_length = strlen(base64_tests[i].cyphertext);
+
+    // The basic escape function:
+    memset(encode_buffer, 0, sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    encode_length = Base64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                 base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+                                 encode_buffer,
+                                 sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    //    Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(encode_length, cypher_length);
+    // Would it have been okay to allocate only CalculateBase64EscapeLen()?
+    EXPECT_EQ(CalculateBase64EscapedLen(base64_tests[i].plain_length),
+              encode_length);
+
+    //    Is it the expected encoded value?
+    ASSERT_STREQ(encode_buffer, base64_tests[i].cyphertext);
+
+    // If we encode it into a buffer of exactly the right length...
+    memset(encode_buffer, 0, sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    encode_length = Base64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                          base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+                                          encode_buffer,
+                                          cypher_length);
+    //    Is it still of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(encode_length, cypher_length);
+
+    //    And is the value still correct?  (i.e., not losing the last byte)
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encode_buffer, base64_tests[i].cyphertext);
+
+    // If we decode it back:
+    decode_str.clear();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(Base64Unescape(
+        StringPiece(encode_buffer, cypher_length), &decode_str));
+
+    //    Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(base64_tests[i].plain_length, decode_str.length());
+
+    //    Is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(plaintext, decode_str);
+
+    // Let's try with a pre-populated string.
+    string encoded("this junk should be ignored");
+    Base64Escape(string(base64_tests[i].plaintext,
+                        base64_tests[i].plain_length),
+                 &encoded);
+    EXPECT_EQ(encoded, string(encode_buffer, cypher_length));
+
+    string decoded("this junk should be ignored");
+    EXPECT_TRUE(Base64Unescape(
+        StringPiece(encode_buffer, cypher_length), &decoded));
+    EXPECT_EQ(decoded.size(), base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+    EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(decoded.size(), decoded, base64_tests[i].plaintext, i);
+
+    // Our decoder treats the padding '=' characters at the end as
+    // optional (but if there are any, there must be the correct
+    // number of them.)  If encode_buffer has any, run some additional
+    // tests that fiddle with them.
+    char* first_equals = strchr(encode_buffer, '=');
+    if (first_equals) {
+      // How many equals signs does the string start with?
+      int equals = (*(first_equals+1) == '=') ? 2 : 1;
+
+      // Try chopping off the equals sign(s) entirely.  The decoder
+      // should still be okay with this.
+      string decoded2("this junk should also be ignored");
+      *first_equals = '\0';
+      EXPECT_TRUE(Base64Unescape(
+          StringPiece(encode_buffer, first_equals - encode_buffer), &decoded2));
+      EXPECT_EQ(decoded.size(), base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+      EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(decoded.size(), decoded, base64_tests[i].plaintext, i);
+
+      // Now test chopping off the equals sign(s) and adding
+      // whitespace.  Our decoder should still accept this.
+      decoded2.assign("this junk should be ignored");
+      *first_equals = ' ';
+      *(first_equals+1) = '\0';
+      EXPECT_TRUE(Base64Unescape(
+          StringPiece(encode_buffer, first_equals - encode_buffer + 1),
+          &decoded2));
+      EXPECT_EQ(decoded.size(), base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+      EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(decoded.size(), decoded, base64_tests[i].plaintext, i);
+
+      // Now stick a bad character at the end of the string.  The decoder
+      // should refuse this string.
+      decoded2.assign("this junk should be ignored");
+      *first_equals = '?';
+      *(first_equals+1) = '\0';
+      EXPECT_TRUE(
+          !Base64Unescape(
+              StringPiece(encode_buffer, first_equals - encode_buffer + 1),
+              &decoded2));
+
+      int len;
+
+      // Test whitespace mixed with the padding.  (eg "AA = = ")  The
+      // decoder should accept this.
+      if (equals == 2) {
+        snprintf(first_equals, 6, " = = ");
+        len = first_equals - encode_buffer + 5;
+      } else {
+        snprintf(first_equals, 6, " = ");
+        len = first_equals - encode_buffer + 3;
+      }
+      decoded2.assign("this junk should be ignored");
+      EXPECT_TRUE(
+          Base64Unescape(StringPiece(encode_buffer, len), &decoded2));
+      EXPECT_EQ(decoded.size(), base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+      EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(decoded.size(), decoded, base64_tests[i].plaintext, i);
+
+      // Test whitespace mixed with the padding, but with the wrong
+      // number of equals signs (eg "AA = ").  The decoder should
+      // refuse these strings.
+      if (equals == 1) {
+        snprintf(first_equals, 6, " = = ");
+        len = first_equals - encode_buffer + 5;
+      } else {
+        snprintf(first_equals, 6, " = ");
+        len = first_equals - encode_buffer + 3;
+      }
+      EXPECT_TRUE(
+          !Base64Unescape(StringPiece(encode_buffer, len), &decoded2));
+    }
+
+    // Cool! the basic Base64 encoder/decoder works.
+    // Let's try the alternate alphabet: tr -- '+/' '-_'
+
+    char websafe[100];
+    memset(websafe, 0, sizeof(websafe));
+    strncpy(websafe, base64_tests[i].cyphertext, cypher_length);
+    for (int c = 0; c < sizeof(websafe); ++c) {
+      if ('+' == websafe[c]) { websafe[c] = '-'; }
+      if ('/' == websafe[c]) { websafe[c] = '_'; }
+    }
+
+    // The websafe escape function:
+    memset(encode_buffer, 0, sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    encode_length = WebSafeBase64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                                 base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+                                                 encode_buffer,
+                                                 sizeof(encode_buffer),
+                                                 true);
+    //    Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(encode_length, cypher_length);
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        CalculateBase64EscapedLen(base64_tests[i].plain_length, true),
+        encode_length);
+
+    //    Is it the expected encoded value?
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encode_buffer, websafe);
+
+    //    If we encode it into a buffer of exactly the right length...
+    memset(encode_buffer, 0, sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    encode_length = WebSafeBase64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                                 base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+                                                 encode_buffer,
+                                                 cypher_length,
+                                                 true);
+    //    Is it still of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(encode_length, cypher_length);
+
+    //    And is the value still correct?  (i.e., not losing the last byte)
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encode_buffer, websafe);
+
+    //    Let's try the string version of the encoder
+    encoded = "this junk should be ignored";
+    WebSafeBase64Escape(
+        unsigned_plaintext, base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+        &encoded, true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(encoded.size(), cypher_length);
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encoded.c_str(), websafe);
+
+    //    If we decode it back:
+    memset(decode_buffer, 0, sizeof(decode_buffer));
+    decode_length = WebSafeBase64Unescape(encode_buffer,
+                                                   cypher_length,
+                                                   decode_buffer,
+                                                   sizeof(decode_buffer));
+
+    //    Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(decode_length, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    //    Is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(0,
+              memcmp(decode_buffer, base64_tests[i].plaintext, decode_length));
+
+    //    If we decode it into a buffer of exactly the right length...
+    memset(decode_buffer, 0, sizeof(decode_buffer));
+    decode_length = WebSafeBase64Unescape(encode_buffer,
+                                                   cypher_length,
+                                                   decode_buffer,
+                                                   decode_length);
+
+    //    Is it still of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(decode_length, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    //    And is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(0,
+              memcmp(decode_buffer, base64_tests[i].plaintext, decode_length));
+
+    // Try using '.' for the pad character.
+    for (int c = cypher_length - 1; c >= 0 && '=' == encode_buffer[c]; --c) {
+      encode_buffer[c] = '.';
+    }
+
+    // If we decode it back:
+    memset(decode_buffer, 0, sizeof(decode_buffer));
+    decode_length = WebSafeBase64Unescape(encode_buffer,
+                                                   cypher_length,
+                                                   decode_buffer,
+                                                   sizeof(decode_buffer));
+
+    // Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(decode_length, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    // Is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(0,
+              memcmp(decode_buffer, base64_tests[i].plaintext, decode_length));
+
+    // If we decode it into a buffer of exactly the right length...
+    memset(decode_buffer, 0, sizeof(decode_buffer));
+    decode_length = WebSafeBase64Unescape(encode_buffer,
+                                                   cypher_length,
+                                                   decode_buffer,
+                                                   decode_length);
+
+    // Is it still of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(decode_length, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    // And is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(0,
+              memcmp(decode_buffer, base64_tests[i].plaintext, decode_length));
+
+    // Let's try the string version of the decoder
+    decoded = "this junk should be ignored";
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WebSafeBase64Unescape(
+        StringPiece(encode_buffer, cypher_length), &decoded));
+    EXPECT_EQ(decoded.size(), base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+    EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(decoded.size(), decoded, base64_tests[i].plaintext, i);
+
+    // Okay! the websafe Base64 encoder/decoder works.
+    // Let's try the unpadded version
+
+    for (int c = 0; c < sizeof(websafe); ++c) {
+      if ('=' == websafe[c]) {
+        websafe[c] = '\0';
+        cypher_length = c;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // The websafe escape function:
+    memset(encode_buffer, 0, sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    encode_length = WebSafeBase64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                                 base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+                                                 encode_buffer,
+                                                 sizeof(encode_buffer),
+                                                 false);
+    //    Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(encode_length, cypher_length);
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        CalculateBase64EscapedLen(base64_tests[i].plain_length, false),
+        encode_length);
+
+    //    Is it the expected encoded value?
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encode_buffer, websafe);
+
+    //    If we encode it into a buffer of exactly the right length...
+    memset(encode_buffer, 0, sizeof(encode_buffer));
+    encode_length = WebSafeBase64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                                 base64_tests[i].plain_length,
+                                                 encode_buffer,
+                                                 cypher_length,
+                                                 false);
+    //    Is it still of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(encode_length, cypher_length);
+
+    //    And is the value still correct?  (i.e., not losing the last byte)
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encode_buffer, websafe);
+
+    // Let's try the (other) string version of the encoder
+    string plain(base64_tests[i].plaintext, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+    encoded = "this junk should be ignored";
+    WebSafeBase64Escape(plain, &encoded);
+    EXPECT_EQ(encoded.size(), cypher_length);
+    EXPECT_STREQ(encoded.c_str(), websafe);
+
+    //    If we decode it back:
+    memset(decode_buffer, 0, sizeof(decode_buffer));
+    decode_length = WebSafeBase64Unescape(encode_buffer,
+                                                   cypher_length,
+                                                   decode_buffer,
+                                                   sizeof(decode_buffer));
+
+    //    Is it of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(decode_length, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    //    Is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(0,
+              memcmp(decode_buffer, base64_tests[i].plaintext, decode_length));
+
+    //    If we decode it into a buffer of exactly the right length...
+    memset(decode_buffer, 0, sizeof(decode_buffer));
+    decode_length = WebSafeBase64Unescape(encode_buffer,
+                                                   cypher_length,
+                                                   decode_buffer,
+                                                   decode_length);
+
+    //    Is it still of the expected length?
+    EXPECT_EQ(decode_length, base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+
+    //    And is it the expected decoded value?
+    EXPECT_EQ(0,
+              memcmp(decode_buffer, base64_tests[i].plaintext, decode_length));
+
+
+    // Let's try the string version of the decoder
+    decoded = "this junk should be ignored";
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WebSafeBase64Unescape(
+        StringPiece(encode_buffer, cypher_length), &decoded));
+    EXPECT_EQ(decoded.size(), base64_tests[i].plain_length);
+    EXPECT_EQ_ARRAY(decoded.size(), decoded, base64_tests[i].plaintext, i);
+
+    // This value works.  Try the next.
+  }
+
+  // Now try the long strings, this tests the streaming
+  for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(base64_strings) / sizeof(base64_strings[0]);
+       ++i) {
+    const unsigned char* unsigned_plaintext =
+      reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(base64_strings[i].plaintext);
+    int plain_length = strlen(base64_strings[i].plaintext);
+    int cypher_length = strlen(base64_strings[i].cyphertext);
+    vector<char> buffer(cypher_length+1);
+    int encode_length = WebSafeBase64Escape(unsigned_plaintext,
+                                                     plain_length,
+                                                     &buffer[0],
+                                                     buffer.size(),
+                                                     false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cypher_length, encode_length);
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        CalculateBase64EscapedLen(plain_length, false), encode_length);
+    buffer[ encode_length ] = '\0';
+    EXPECT_STREQ(base64_strings[i].cyphertext, &buffer[0]);
+  }
+
+  // Verify the behavior when decoding bad data
+  {
+    const char* bad_data = "ab-/";
+    string buf;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(Base64Unescape(StringPiece(bad_data), &buf));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(!WebSafeBase64Unescape(bad_data, &buf));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(buf.empty());
+  }
+}
+
 }  // anonymous namespace
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3319a244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/time.h>
+
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+namespace {
+static const int64 kSecondsPerMinute = 60;
+static const int64 kSecondsPerHour = 3600;
+static const int64 kSecondsPerDay = kSecondsPerHour * 24;
+static const int64 kSecondsPer400Years =
+    kSecondsPerDay * (400 * 365 + 400 / 4 - 3);
+// Seconds from 0001-01-01T00:00:00 to 1970-01-01T:00:00:00
+static const int64 kSecondsFromEraToEpoch = 62135596800LL;
+// The range of timestamp values we support.
+static const int64 kMinTime = -62135596800LL;  // 0001-01-01T00:00:00
+static const int64 kMaxTime = 253402300799LL;  // 9999-12-31T23:59:59
+
+static const int kNanosPerSecond = 1000000000;
+static const int kNanosPerMillisecond = 1000000;
+static const int kNanosPerMicrosecond = 1000;
+
+// Count the seconds from the given year (start at Jan 1, 00:00) to 100 years
+// after.
+int64 SecondsPer100Years(int year) {
+  if (year % 400 == 0 || year % 400 > 300) {
+    return kSecondsPerDay * (100 * 365 + 100 / 4);
+  } else {
+    return kSecondsPerDay * (100 * 365 + 100 / 4 - 1);
+  }
+}
+
+// Count the seconds from the given year (start at Jan 1, 00:00) to 4 years
+// after.
+int64 SecondsPer4Years(int year) {
+  if ((year % 100 == 0 || year % 100 > 96) &&
+      !(year % 400 == 0 || year % 400 > 396)) {
+    // No leap years.
+    return kSecondsPerDay * (4 * 365);
+  } else {
+    // One leap years.
+    return kSecondsPerDay * (4 * 365 + 1);
+  }
+}
+
+bool IsLeapYear(int year) {
+  return year % 400 == 0 || (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0);
+}
+
+int64 SecondsPerYear(int year) {
+  return kSecondsPerDay * (IsLeapYear(year) ? 366 : 365);
+}
+
+static const int kDaysInMonth[13] = {
+  0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31
+};
+
+int64 SecondsPerMonth(int month, bool leap) {
+  if (month == 2 && leap) {
+    return kSecondsPerDay * (kDaysInMonth[month] + 1);
+  }
+  return kSecondsPerDay * kDaysInMonth[month];
+}
+
+static const int kDaysSinceJan[13] = {
+  0, 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334,
+};
+
+bool ValidateDateTime(const DateTime& time) {
+  if (time.year < 1 || time.year > 9999 ||
+      time.month < 1 || time.month > 12 ||
+      time.day < 1 || time.day > 31 ||
+      time.hour < 0 || time.hour > 23 ||
+      time.minute < 0 || time.minute > 59 ||
+      time.second < 0 || time.second > 59) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (time.month == 2 && IsLeapYear(time.year)) {
+    return time.month <= kDaysInMonth[time.month] + 1;
+  } else {
+    return time.month <= kDaysInMonth[time.month];
+  }
+}
+
+// Count the number of seconds elapsed from 0001-01-01T00:00:00 to the given
+// time.
+int64 SecondsSinceCommonEra(const DateTime& time) {
+  int64 result = 0;
+  // Years should be between 1 and 9999.
+  assert(time.year >= 1 && time.year <= 9999);
+  int year = 1;
+  if ((time.year - year) >= 400) {
+    int count_400years = (time.year - year) / 400;
+    result += kSecondsPer400Years * count_400years;
+    year += count_400years * 400;
+  }
+  while ((time.year - year) >= 100) {
+    result += SecondsPer100Years(year);
+    year += 100;
+  }
+  while ((time.year - year) >= 4) {
+    result += SecondsPer4Years(year);
+    year += 4;
+  }
+  while (time.year > year) {
+    result += SecondsPerYear(year);
+    ++year;
+  }
+  // Months should be between 1 and 12.
+  assert(time.month >= 1 && time.month <= 12);
+  int month = time.month;
+  result += kSecondsPerDay * kDaysSinceJan[month];
+  if (month > 2 && IsLeapYear(year)) {
+    result += kSecondsPerDay;
+  }
+  assert(time.day >= 1 &&
+         time.day <= (month == 2 && IsLeapYear(year)
+                          ? kDaysInMonth[month] + 1
+                          : kDaysInMonth[month]));
+  result += kSecondsPerDay * (time.day - 1);
+  result += kSecondsPerHour * time.hour +
+      kSecondsPerMinute * time.minute +
+      time.second;
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Format nanoseconds with either 3, 6, or 9 digits depending on the required
+// precision to represent the exact value.
+string FormatNanos(int32 nanos) {
+  if (nanos % kNanosPerMillisecond == 0) {
+    return StringPrintf("%03d", nanos / kNanosPerMillisecond);
+  } else if (nanos % kNanosPerMicrosecond == 0) {
+    return StringPrintf("%06d", nanos / kNanosPerMicrosecond);
+  } else {
+    return StringPrintf("%09d", nanos);
+  }
+}
+
+// Parses an integer from a null-terminated char sequence. The method
+// consumes at most "width" chars. Returns a pointer after the consumed
+// integer, or NULL if the data does not start with an integer or the
+// integer value does not fall in the range of [min_value, max_value].
+const char* ParseInt(const char* data, int width, int min_value,
+                     int max_value, int* result) {
+  if (!ascii_isdigit(*data)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  int value = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < width; ++i, ++data) {
+    if (ascii_isdigit(*data)) {
+      value = value * 10 + (*data - '0');
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (value >= min_value && value <= max_value) {
+    *result = value;
+    return data;
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+// Consumes the fractional parts of a second into nanos. For example,
+// "010" will be parsed to 10000000 nanos.
+const char* ParseNanos(const char* data, int32* nanos) {
+  if (!ascii_isdigit(*data)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  int value = 0;
+  int len = 0;
+  // Consume as many digits as there are but only take the first 9 into
+  // account.
+  while (ascii_isdigit(*data)) {
+    if (len < 9) {
+      value = value * 10 + *data - '0';
+    }
+    ++len;
+    ++data;
+  }
+  while (len < 9) {
+    value = value * 10;
+    ++len;
+  }
+  *nanos = value;
+  return data;
+}
+
+const char* ParseTimezoneOffset(const char* data, int64* offset) {
+  // Accept format "HH:MM". E.g., "08:00"
+  int hour;
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 0, 23, &hour)) == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (*data++ != ':') {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  int minute;
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 0, 59, &minute)) == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  *offset = (hour * 60 + minute) * 60;
+  return data;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+bool SecondsToDateTime(int64 seconds, DateTime* time) {
+  if (seconds < kMinTime || seconds > kMaxTime) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // It's easier to calcuate the DateTime starting from 0001-01-01T00:00:00
+  seconds = seconds + kSecondsFromEraToEpoch;
+  int year = 1;
+  if (seconds >= kSecondsPer400Years) {
+    int count_400years = seconds / kSecondsPer400Years;
+    year += 400 * count_400years;
+    seconds %= kSecondsPer400Years;
+  }
+  while (seconds >= SecondsPer100Years(year)) {
+    seconds -= SecondsPer100Years(year);
+    year += 100;
+  }
+  while (seconds >= SecondsPer4Years(year)) {
+    seconds -= SecondsPer4Years(year);
+    year += 4;
+  }
+  while (seconds >= SecondsPerYear(year)) {
+    seconds -= SecondsPerYear(year);
+    year += 1;
+  }
+  bool leap = IsLeapYear(year);
+  int month = 1;
+  while (seconds >= SecondsPerMonth(month, leap)) {
+    seconds -= SecondsPerMonth(month, leap);
+    ++month;
+  }
+  int day = 1 + seconds / kSecondsPerDay;
+  seconds %= kSecondsPerDay;
+  int hour = seconds / kSecondsPerHour;
+  seconds %= kSecondsPerHour;
+  int minute = seconds / kSecondsPerMinute;
+  seconds %= kSecondsPerMinute;
+  time->year = year;
+  time->month = month;
+  time->day = day;
+  time->hour = hour;
+  time->minute = minute;
+  time->second = static_cast<int>(seconds);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DateTimeToSeconds(const DateTime& time, int64* seconds) {
+  if (!ValidateDateTime(time)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *seconds = SecondsSinceCommonEra(time) - kSecondsFromEraToEpoch;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void GetCurrentTime(int64* seconds, int32* nanos) {
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): Improve the accuracy of this implementation (or just
+  // remove this method from protobuf).
+  *seconds = time(NULL);
+  *nanos = 0;
+}
+
+string FormatTime(int64 seconds, int32 nanos) {
+  DateTime time;
+  if (nanos < 0 || nanos > 999999999 || !SecondsToDateTime(seconds, &time)) {
+    return "InvalidTime";
+  }
+  string result = StringPrintf("%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d",
+                               time.year, time.month, time.day,
+                               time.hour, time.minute, time.second);
+  if (nanos != 0) {
+    result += "." + FormatNanos(nanos);
+  }
+  return result + "Z";
+}
+
+bool ParseTime(const string& value, int64* seconds, int32* nanos) {
+  DateTime time;
+  const char* data = value.c_str();
+  // We only accept:
+  //   Z-normalized: 2015-05-20T13:29:35.120Z
+  //   With UTC offset: 2015-05-20T13:29:35.120-08:00
+
+  // Parse year
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 4, 1, 9999, &time.year)) == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Expect '-'
+  if (*data++ != '-') return false;
+  // Parse month
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 1, 12, &time.month)) == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Expect '-'
+  if (*data++ != '-') return false;
+  // Parse day
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 1, 31, &time.day)) == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Expect 'T'
+  if (*data++ != 'T') return false;
+  // Parse hour
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 0, 23, &time.hour)) == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Expect ':'
+  if (*data++ != ':') return false;
+  // Parse minute
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 0, 59, &time.minute)) == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Expect ':'
+  if (*data++ != ':') return false;
+  // Parse second
+  if ((data = ParseInt(data, 2, 0, 59, &time.second)) == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!DateTimeToSeconds(time, seconds)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Parse nanoseconds.
+  if (*data == '.') {
+    ++data;
+    // Parse nanoseconds.
+    if ((data = ParseNanos(data, nanos)) == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    *nanos = 0;
+  }
+  // Parse UTC offsets.
+  if (*data == 'Z') {
+    ++data;
+  } else if (*data == '+') {
+    ++data;
+    int64 offset;
+    if ((data = ParseTimezoneOffset(data, &offset)) == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    *seconds -= offset;
+  } else if (*data == '-') {
+    ++data;
+    int64 offset;
+    if ((data = ParseTimezoneOffset(data, &offset)) == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    *seconds += offset;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Done with parsing.
+  return *data == 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..20a6b56d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_TIME_H_
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_TIME_H_
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+struct DateTime {
+  int year;
+  int month;
+  int day;
+  int hour;
+  int minute;
+  int second;
+};
+
+// Converts a timestamp (seconds elapsed since 1970-01-01T00:00:00, could be
+// negative to represent time before 1970-01-01) to DateTime. Returns false
+// if the timestamp is not in the range between 0001-01-01T00:00:00 and
+// 9999-12-31T23:59:59.
+bool LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SecondsToDateTime(int64 seconds, DateTime* time);
+// Converts DateTime to a timestamp (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00).
+// Returns false if the DateTime is not valid or is not in the valid range.
+bool LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DateTimeToSeconds(const DateTime& time, int64* seconds);
+
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GetCurrentTime(int64* seconds, int32* nanos);
+
+// Formats a time string in RFC3339 fromat.
+//
+// For example, "2015-05-20T13:29:35.120Z". For nanos, 0, 3, 6 or 9 fractional
+// digits will be used depending on how many are required to represent the exact
+// value.
+//
+// Note that "nanos" must in the range of [0, 999999999].
+string LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FormatTime(int64 seconds, int32 nanos);
+// Parses a time string. This method accepts RFC3339 date/time string with UTC
+// offset. For example, "2015-05-20T13:29:35.120-08:00".
+bool LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ParseTime(const string& vaule, int64* seconds, int32* nanos);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_STUBS_TIME_H_
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59e9d1c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/time_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/time.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+namespace {
+static const int64 kSecondsPerDay = 3600 * 24;
+
+// For DateTime, tests will mostly focuse on the date part because that's
+// the tricky one.
+int64 CreateTimestamp(int year, int month, int day) {
+  DateTime time;
+  time.year = year;
+  time.month = month;
+  time.day = day;
+  time.hour = time.minute = time.second = 0;
+  int64 result;
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &result));
+  // Check that a roundtrip produces the same result.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(SecondsToDateTime(result, &time));
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(time.year == year);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(time.month == month);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(time.day == day);
+  return result;
+}
+
+TEST(DateTimeTest, SimpleTime) {
+  DateTime time;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(SecondsToDateTime(1, &time));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1970, time.year);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, time.month);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, time.day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, time.hour);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, time.minute);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, time.second);
+  int64 seconds;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, seconds);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(SecondsToDateTime(-1, &time));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1969, time.year);
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, time.month);
+  EXPECT_EQ(31, time.day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(23, time.hour);
+  EXPECT_EQ(59, time.minute);
+  EXPECT_EQ(59, time.second);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, seconds);
+
+  DateTime start, end;
+  start.year = 1;
+  start.month = 1;
+  start.day = 1;
+  start.hour = 0;
+  start.minute = 0;
+  start.second = 0;
+  end.year = 9999;
+  end.month = 12;
+  end.day = 31;
+  end.hour = 23;
+  end.minute = 59;
+  end.second = 59;
+  int64 start_time, end_time;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(start, &start_time));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(end, &end_time));
+  EXPECT_EQ(315537897599LL, end_time - start_time);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(SecondsToDateTime(start_time, &time));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  EXPECT_EQ(start_time, seconds);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(SecondsToDateTime(end_time, &time));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(time, &seconds));
+  EXPECT_EQ(end_time, seconds);
+}
+
+TEST(DateTimeTest, DayInMonths) {
+  // Check that month boundaries are handled correctly.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 1, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2014, 12, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 2, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 1, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 3, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 2, 28));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 4, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 3, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 5, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 4, 30));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 6, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 5, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 7, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 6, 30));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 8, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 7, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 9, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 8, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 10, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 9, 30));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 11, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 10, 31));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 12, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 11, 30));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2016, 1, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 12, 31));
+}
+
+TEST(DateTimeTest, LeapYear) {
+  // Non-leap year.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2015, 3, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2015, 2, 28));
+  // Leap year.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2016, 3, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2016, 2, 29));
+  // Non-leap year.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2100, 3, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2100, 2, 28));
+  // Leap year.
+  EXPECT_EQ(kSecondsPerDay,
+            CreateTimestamp(2400, 3, 1) - CreateTimestamp(2400, 2, 29));
+}
+
+TEST(DateTimeTest, StringFormat) {
+  DateTime start, end;
+  start.year = 1;
+  start.month = 1;
+  start.day = 1;
+  start.hour = 0;
+  start.minute = 0;
+  start.second = 0;
+  end.year = 9999;
+  end.month = 12;
+  end.day = 31;
+  end.hour = 23;
+  end.minute = 59;
+  end.second = 59;
+  int64 start_time, end_time;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(start, &start_time));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(DateTimeToSeconds(end, &end_time));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", FormatTime(start_time, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("9999-12-31T23:59:59Z", FormatTime(end_time, 0));
+
+  // Make sure the nanoseconds part is formated correctly.
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.010Z", FormatTime(0, 10000000));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000010Z", FormatTime(0, 10000));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000010Z", FormatTime(0, 10));
+}
+
+TEST(DateTimeTest, ParseString) {
+  int64 seconds;
+  int32 nanos;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+
+  // Test time zone offsets.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("1970-01-01T00:00:00-08:00", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T08:00:00Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("1970-01-01T00:00:00+08:00", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1969-12-31T16:00:00Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+
+  // Test nanoseconds.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("1970-01-01T00:00:00.01Z", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.010Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("1970-01-01T00:00:00.00001-08:00", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T08:00:00.000010Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("1970-01-01T00:00:00.00000001+08:00", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1969-12-31T16:00:00.000000010Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+  // Fractional parts less than 1 nanosecond will be ignored.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ParseTime("1970-01-01T00:00:00.0123456789Z", &seconds, &nanos));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00.012345678Z", FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/type_traits.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/type_traits.h
index b58cae3f..0d8127e5 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/type_traits.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/type_traits.h
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@
 #ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TYPE_TRAITS_H_
 #define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_TYPE_TRAITS_H_
 
+#include <cstddef>                  // for NULL
 #include <utility>                  // For pair
 
-#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/template_util.h>  // For true_type and false_type
 
 namespace google {
@@ -73,6 +73,10 @@ struct is_base_of {
   typedef char (&yes)[1];
   typedef char (&no)[2];
 
+  // BEGIN GOOGLE LOCAL MODIFICATION -- check is a #define on Mac.
+  #undef check
+  // END GOOGLE LOCAL MODIFICATION
+
   static yes check(const B*);
   static no check(const void*);
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_proto3 b/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_proto3
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bd646a0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/testdata/golden_message_proto3
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/testdata/map_test_data.txt b/src/google/protobuf/testdata/map_test_data.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc272321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/testdata/map_test_data.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+map_int32_int32 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_int32_int32 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_int64_int64 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_int64_int64 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_uint32_uint32 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_uint32_uint32 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_uint64_uint64 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_uint64_uint64 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_sint32_sint32 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_sint32_sint32 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_sint64_sint64 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_sint64_sint64 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_fixed32_fixed32 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_fixed32_fixed32 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_fixed64_fixed64 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_fixed64_fixed64 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_sfixed32_sfixed32 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_sfixed32_sfixed32 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_sfixed64_sfixed64 {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_sfixed64_sfixed64 {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_int32_float {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_int32_float {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_int32_double {
+  key: 0
+  value: 0
+}
+map_int32_double {
+  key: 1
+  value: 1
+}
+map_bool_bool {
+  key: false
+  value: false
+}
+map_bool_bool {
+  key: true
+  value: true
+}
+map_string_string {
+  key: "0"
+  value: "0"
+}
+map_string_string {
+  key: "1"
+  value: "1"
+}
+map_int32_bytes {
+  key: 0
+  value: "0"
+}
+map_int32_bytes {
+  key: 1
+  value: "1"
+}
+map_int32_enum {
+  key: 0
+  value: MAP_ENUM_BAR
+}
+map_int32_enum {
+  key: 1
+  value: MAP_ENUM_BAZ
+}
+map_int32_foreign_message {
+  key: 0
+  value {
+    c: 0
+  }
+}
+map_int32_foreign_message {
+  key: 1
+  value {
+    c: 1
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.cc b/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.cc
index 5344ec15..3d07b127 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.cc
@@ -192,5 +192,9 @@ void File::DeleteRecursively(const string& name,
 #endif
 }
 
+bool File::ChangeWorkingDirectory(const string& new_working_directory) {
+  return chdir(new_working_directory.c_str()) == 0;
+}
+
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.h b/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.h
index d2aeabf2..2f63f80e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/testing/file.h
@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ class File {
   static void DeleteRecursively(const string& name,
                                 void* dummy1, void* dummy2);
 
+  // Change working directory to given directory.
+  static bool ChangeWorkingDirectory(const string& new_working_directory);
+
   static bool GetContents(
       const string& name, string* output, bool /*is_default*/) {
     return ReadFileToString(name, output);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.cc
index d72fa5c0..b8bd790b 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/testing/googletest.cc
@@ -65,7 +65,15 @@ namespace protobuf {
 #endif
 
 string TestSourceDir() {
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#ifndef GOOGLE_THIRD_PARTY_PROTOBUF
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+  // automake sets the "srcdir" environment variable.
+  char* result = getenv("srcdir");
+  if (result != NULL) {
+    return result;
+  }
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
+
   // Look for the "src" directory.
   string prefix = ".";
 
@@ -79,15 +87,8 @@ string TestSourceDir() {
   }
   return prefix + "/src";
 #else
-  // automake sets the "srcdir" environment variable.
-  char* result = getenv("srcdir");
-  if (result == NULL) {
-    // Otherwise, the test must be run from the source directory.
-    return ".";
-  } else {
-    return result;
-  }
-#endif
+  return "third_party/protobuf/src";
+#endif  // GOOGLE_THIRD_PARTY_PROTOBUF
 }
 
 namespace {
@@ -104,6 +105,10 @@ string GetTemporaryDirectoryName() {
   if (HasPrefixString(result, "\\")) {
     result.erase(0, 1);
   }
+  // The Win32 API accepts forward slashes as a path delimiter even though
+  // backslashes are standard.  Let's avoid confusion and use only forward
+  // slashes.
+  result = StringReplace(result, "\\", "/", true);
 #endif  // _WIN32
   return result;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgunzip.cc b/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgunzip.cc
index daf74ff1..76f8cfe1 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgunzip.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgunzip.cc
@@ -38,13 +38,20 @@
 // Reads gzip stream on standard input and writes decompressed data to standard
 // output.
 
-#include "config.h"
-
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifndef STDIN_FILENO
+#define STDIN_FILENO 0
+#endif
+#ifndef STDOUT_FILENO
+#define STDOUT_FILENO 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
 #include <google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgzip.cc b/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgzip.cc
index a4101999..992ddc6e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgzip.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/testing/zcgzip.cc
@@ -38,12 +38,19 @@
 // Reads data on standard input and writes compressed gzip stream to standard
 // output.
 
-#include "config.h"
-
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifndef STDIN_FILENO
+#define STDIN_FILENO 0
+#endif
+#ifndef STDOUT_FILENO
+#define STDOUT_FILENO 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
 #include <google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc b/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc
index 8e867c09..4d8c1f91 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
 
 #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/any.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
@@ -70,6 +73,18 @@ inline bool IsOctNumber(const string& str) {
           (str[1] >= '0' && str[1] < '8'));
 }
 
+inline bool GetAnyFieldDescriptors(const Message& message,
+                                   const FieldDescriptor** type_url_field,
+                                   const FieldDescriptor** value_field) {
+    const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+    *type_url_field = descriptor->FindFieldByNumber(1);
+    *value_field = descriptor->FindFieldByNumber(2);
+    return (*type_url_field != NULL &&
+            (*type_url_field)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING &&
+            *value_field != NULL &&
+            (*value_field)->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES);
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
 string Message::DebugString() const {
@@ -330,7 +345,17 @@ class TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl {
 
     // Confirm that we have a valid ending delimiter.
     DO(Consume(delimiter));
+    return true;
+  }
 
+  // Consume either "<" or "{".
+  bool ConsumeMessageDelimiter(string* delimiter) {
+    if (TryConsume("<")) {
+      *delimiter = ">";
+    } else {
+      DO(Consume("{"));
+      *delimiter = "}";
+    }
     return true;
   }
 
@@ -347,15 +372,28 @@ class TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl {
     int start_line = tokenizer_.current().line;
     int start_column = tokenizer_.current().column;
 
+    const FieldDescriptor* any_type_url_field;
+    const FieldDescriptor* any_value_field;
+    if (internal::GetAnyFieldDescriptors(*message, &any_type_url_field,
+                                         &any_value_field) &&
+        TryConsume("[")) {
+      string full_type_name;
+      DO(ConsumeAnyTypeUrl(&full_type_name));
+      DO(Consume("]"));
+      string serialized_value;
+      DO(ConsumeAnyValue(full_type_name,
+                         message->GetDescriptor()->file()->pool(),
+                         &serialized_value));
+      reflection->SetString(
+          message, any_type_url_field,
+          string(internal::kTypeGoogleApisComPrefix) + full_type_name);
+      reflection->SetString(message, any_value_field, serialized_value);
+      return true;
+      // Fall through.
+    }
     if (TryConsume("[")) {
       // Extension.
-      DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&field_name));
-      while (TryConsume(".")) {
-        string part;
-        DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&part));
-        field_name += ".";
-        field_name += part;
-      }
+      DO(ConsumeFullTypeName(&field_name));
       DO(Consume("]"));
 
       field = (finder_ != NULL
@@ -512,13 +550,7 @@ class TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl {
     string field_name;
     if (TryConsume("[")) {
       // Extension name.
-      DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&field_name));
-      while (TryConsume(".")) {
-        string part;
-        DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&part));
-        field_name += ".";
-        field_name += part;
-      }
+      DO(ConsumeFullTypeName(&field_name));
       DO(Consume("]"));
     } else {
       DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&field_name));
@@ -553,13 +585,7 @@ class TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl {
     }
 
     string delimiter;
-    if (TryConsume("<")) {
-      delimiter = ">";
-    } else {
-      DO(Consume("{"));
-      delimiter = "}";
-    }
-
+    DO(ConsumeMessageDelimiter(&delimiter));
     if (field->is_repeated()) {
       DO(ConsumeMessage(reflection->AddMessage(message, field), delimiter));
     } else {
@@ -576,12 +602,7 @@ class TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl {
   // the ending delimiter.
   bool SkipFieldMessage() {
     string delimiter;
-    if (TryConsume("<")) {
-      delimiter = ">";
-    } else {
-      DO(Consume("{"));
-      delimiter = "}";
-    }
+    DO(ConsumeMessageDelimiter(&delimiter));
     while (!LookingAt(">") &&  !LookingAt("}")) {
       DO(SkipField());
     }
@@ -808,6 +829,18 @@ class TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl {
     return false;
   }
 
+  // Consume a string of form "<id1>.<id2>....<idN>".
+  bool ConsumeFullTypeName(string* name) {
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(name));
+    while (TryConsume(".")) {
+      string part;
+      DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&part));
+      *name += ".";
+      *name += part;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
   // Consumes a string and saves its value in the text parameter.
   // Returns false if the token is not of type STRING.
   bool ConsumeString(string* text) {
@@ -947,6 +980,54 @@ class TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl {
     return true;
   }
 
+  // Consumes Any::type_url value, of form "type.googleapis.com/full.type.Name"
+  bool ConsumeAnyTypeUrl(string* full_type_name) {
+    // TODO(saito) Extend Consume() to consume multiple tokens at once, so that
+    // this code can be written as just DO(Consume(kGoogleApisTypePrefix)).
+    string url1, url2, url3;
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&url1));  // type
+    DO(Consume("."));
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&url2));  // googleapis
+    DO(Consume("."));
+    DO(ConsumeIdentifier(&url3));  // com
+    DO(Consume("/"));
+    DO(ConsumeFullTypeName(full_type_name));
+
+    const string prefix = url1 + "." + url2 + "." + url3 + "/";
+    if (prefix != internal::kTypeGoogleApisComPrefix) {
+      ReportError("TextFormat::Parser for Any supports only "
+                  "type.googleapi.com, but found \"" + prefix + "\"");
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // A helper function for reconstructing Any::value. Consumes a text of
+  // full_type_name, then serializes it into serialized_value. "pool" is used to
+  // look up and create a temporary object with full_type_name.
+  bool ConsumeAnyValue(const string& full_type_name, const DescriptorPool* pool,
+                       string* serialized_value) {
+    const Descriptor* value_descriptor =
+        pool->FindMessageTypeByName(full_type_name);
+    if (value_descriptor == NULL) {
+      ReportError("Could not find type \"" + full_type_name +
+                  "\" stored in google.protobuf.Any.");
+      return false;
+    }
+    DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+    const Message* value_prototype = factory.GetPrototype(value_descriptor);
+    if (value_prototype == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Message> value(value_prototype->New());
+    string sub_delimiter;
+    DO(ConsumeMessageDelimiter(&sub_delimiter));
+    DO(ConsumeMessage(value.get(), sub_delimiter));
+
+    value->AppendToString(serialized_value);
+    return true;
+  }
+
   // Consumes a token and confirms that it matches that specified in the
   // value parameter. Returns false if the token found does not match that
   // which was specified.
@@ -1338,7 +1419,8 @@ TextFormat::Printer::Printer()
     use_field_number_(false),
     use_short_repeated_primitives_(false),
     hide_unknown_fields_(false),
-    print_message_fields_in_index_order_(false) {
+    print_message_fields_in_index_order_(false),
+    expand_any_(false) {
   SetUseUtf8StringEscaping(false);
 }
 
@@ -1360,9 +1442,8 @@ void TextFormat::Printer::SetDefaultFieldValuePrinter(
 bool TextFormat::Printer::RegisterFieldValuePrinter(
     const FieldDescriptor* field,
     const FieldValuePrinter* printer) {
-  return field != NULL
-      && printer != NULL
-      && custom_printers_.insert(make_pair(field, printer)).second;
+  return field != NULL && printer != NULL &&
+         custom_printers_.insert(std::make_pair(field, printer)).second;
 }
 
 bool TextFormat::Printer::PrintToString(const Message& message,
@@ -1414,15 +1495,67 @@ struct FieldIndexSorter {
     return left->index() < right->index();
   }
 };
+
 }  // namespace
 
+bool TextFormat::Printer::PrintAny(const Message& message,
+                                   TextGenerator& generator) const {
+  const FieldDescriptor* type_url_field;
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field;
+  if (!internal::GetAnyFieldDescriptors(message, &type_url_field,
+                                        &value_field)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+
+  // Extract the full type name from the type_url field.
+  const string& type_url = reflection->GetString(message, type_url_field);
+  string full_type_name;
+  if (!internal::ParseAnyTypeUrl(type_url, &full_type_name)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Print the "value" in text.
+  const google::protobuf::Descriptor* value_descriptor =
+      message.GetDescriptor()->file()->pool()->FindMessageTypeByName(
+          full_type_name);
+  if (value_descriptor == NULL) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Proto type " << type_url << " not found";
+    return false;
+  }
+  DynamicMessageFactory factory;
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<google::protobuf::Message> value_message(
+      factory.GetPrototype(value_descriptor)->New());
+  string serialized_value = reflection->GetString(message, value_field);
+  if (!value_message->ParseFromString(serialized_value)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << type_url << ": failed to parse contents";
+    return false;
+  }
+  generator.Print(StrCat("[", type_url, "]"));
+  const FieldValuePrinter* printer = FindWithDefault(
+      custom_printers_, value_field, default_field_value_printer_.get());
+  generator.Print(
+      printer->PrintMessageStart(message, -1, 0, single_line_mode_));
+  generator.Indent();
+  Print(*value_message, generator);
+  generator.Outdent();
+  generator.Print(printer->PrintMessageEnd(message, -1, 0, single_line_mode_));
+  return true;
+}
+
 void TextFormat::Printer::Print(const Message& message,
                                 TextGenerator& generator) const {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
   const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+  if (descriptor->full_name() == internal::kAnyFullTypeName && expand_any_ &&
+      PrintAny(message, generator)) {
+    return;
+  }
   vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
   reflection->ListFields(message, &fields);
   if (print_message_fields_in_index_order_) {
-    sort(fields.begin(), fields.end(), FieldIndexSorter());
+    std::sort(fields.begin(), fields.end(), FieldIndexSorter());
   }
   for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
     PrintField(message, reflection, fields[i], generator);
@@ -1447,6 +1580,54 @@ void TextFormat::Printer::PrintFieldValueToString(
   PrintFieldValue(message, message.GetReflection(), field, index, generator);
 }
 
+class MapEntryMessageComparator {
+ public:
+  explicit MapEntryMessageComparator(const Descriptor* descriptor)
+      : field_(descriptor->field(0)) {}
+
+  bool operator()(const Message* a, const Message* b) {
+    const Reflection* reflection = a->GetReflection();
+    switch (field_->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL: {
+          bool first = reflection->GetBool(*a, field_);
+          bool second = reflection->GetBool(*b, field_);
+          return first < second;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
+          int32 first = reflection->GetInt32(*a, field_);
+          int32 second = reflection->GetInt32(*b, field_);
+          return first < second;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
+          int64 first = reflection->GetInt64(*a, field_);
+          int64 second = reflection->GetInt64(*b, field_);
+          return first < second;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
+          uint32 first = reflection->GetUInt32(*a, field_);
+          uint32 second = reflection->GetUInt32(*b, field_);
+          return first < second;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
+          uint64 first = reflection->GetUInt64(*a, field_);
+          uint64 second = reflection->GetUInt64(*b, field_);
+          return first < second;
+      }
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: {
+          string first = reflection->GetString(*a, field_);
+          string second = reflection->GetString(*b, field_);
+          return first < second;
+      }
+      default:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Invalid key for map field.";
+        return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_;
+};
+
 void TextFormat::Printer::PrintField(const Message& message,
                                      const Reflection* reflection,
                                      const FieldDescriptor* field,
@@ -1467,6 +1648,21 @@ void TextFormat::Printer::PrintField(const Message& message,
     count = 1;
   }
 
+  std::vector<const Message*> sorted_map_field;
+  if (field->is_map()) {
+    const RepeatedPtrField<Message>& map_field =
+        reflection->GetRepeatedPtrField<Message>(message, field);
+    for (RepeatedPtrField<Message>::const_pointer_iterator it =
+             map_field.pointer_begin();
+         it != map_field.pointer_end(); ++it) {
+      sorted_map_field.push_back(*it);
+    }
+
+    MapEntryMessageComparator comparator(field->message_type());
+    std::stable_sort(sorted_map_field.begin(), sorted_map_field.end(),
+                     comparator);
+  }
+
   for (int j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
     const int field_index = field->is_repeated() ? j : -1;
 
@@ -1476,8 +1672,10 @@ void TextFormat::Printer::PrintField(const Message& message,
       const FieldValuePrinter* printer = FindWithDefault(
           custom_printers_, field, default_field_value_printer_.get());
       const Message& sub_message =
-              field->is_repeated()
-              ? reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, field, j)
+          field->is_repeated()
+              ? (field->is_map()
+                     ? *sorted_map_field[j]
+                     : reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, field, j))
               : reflection->GetMessage(message, field);
       generator.Print(
           printer->PrintMessageStart(
@@ -1681,8 +1879,8 @@ void TextFormat::Printer::PrintUnknownFields(
       case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED32: {
         generator.Print(field_number);
         generator.Print(": 0x");
-        char buffer[kFastToBufferSize];
-        generator.Print(FastHex32ToBuffer(field.fixed32(), buffer));
+        generator.Print(
+            StrCat(strings::Hex(field.fixed32(), strings::ZERO_PAD_8)));
         if (single_line_mode_) {
           generator.Print(" ");
         } else {
@@ -1693,8 +1891,8 @@ void TextFormat::Printer::PrintUnknownFields(
       case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED64: {
         generator.Print(field_number);
         generator.Print(": 0x");
-        char buffer[kFastToBufferSize];
-        generator.Print(FastHex64ToBuffer(field.fixed64(), buffer));
+        generator.Print(
+            StrCat(strings::Hex(field.fixed64(), strings::ZERO_PAD_16)));
         if (single_line_mode_) {
           generator.Print(" ");
         } else {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/text_format.h b/src/google/protobuf/text_format.h
index 44d68cab..6717aecd 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/text_format.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/text_format.h
@@ -208,6 +208,17 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT TextFormat {
           print_message_fields_in_index_order;
     }
 
+    // If expand==true, expand google.protobuf.Any payloads. The output
+    // will be of form
+    //    [type_url] { <value_printed_in_text> }
+    //
+    // If expand==false, print Any using the default printer. The output will
+    // look like
+    //    type_url: "<type_url>"  value: "serialized_content"
+    void SetExpandAny(bool expand) {
+      expand_any_ = expand;
+    }
+
     // Register a custom field-specific FieldValuePrinter for fields
     // with a particular FieldDescriptor.
     // Returns "true" if the registration succeeded, or "false", if there is
@@ -259,6 +270,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT TextFormat {
     void PrintUnknownFields(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
                             TextGenerator& generator) const;
 
+    bool PrintAny(const Message& message, TextGenerator& generator) const;
+
     int initial_indent_level_;
 
     bool single_line_mode_;
@@ -271,6 +284,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT TextFormat {
 
     bool print_message_fields_in_index_order_;
 
+    bool expand_any_;
+
     google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<const FieldValuePrinter> default_field_value_printer_;
     typedef map<const FieldDescriptor*,
                 const FieldValuePrinter*> CustomPrinterMap;
@@ -278,8 +293,20 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT TextFormat {
   };
 
   // Parses a text-format protocol message from the given input stream to
-  // the given message object.  This function parses the format written
-  // by Print().
+  // the given message object. This function parses the human-readable format
+  // written by Print(). Returns true on success. The message is cleared first,
+  // even if the function fails -- See Merge() to avoid this behavior.
+  //
+  // Example input: "user {\n id: 123 extra { gender: MALE language: 'en' }\n}"
+  //
+  // One use for this function is parsing handwritten strings in test code.
+  // Another use is to parse the output from google::protobuf::Message::DebugString()
+  // (or ShortDebugString()), because these functions output using
+  // google::protobuf::TextFormat::Print().
+  //
+  // If you would like to read a protocol buffer serialized in the
+  // (non-human-readable) binary wire format, see
+  // google::protobuf::MessageLite::ParseFromString().
   static bool Parse(io::ZeroCopyInputStream* input, Message* output);
   // Like Parse(), but reads directly from a string.
   static bool ParseFromString(const string& input, Message* output);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc
index 477fdcbd..76ce9875 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc
@@ -32,23 +32,25 @@
 //  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
 //  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
 
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+
 #include <math.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <limits>
 
-#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/unittest_mset.pb.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
-
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/testing/file.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_mset.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
 
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
@@ -56,11 +58,6 @@ namespace protobuf {
 // Can't use an anonymous namespace here due to brokenness of Tru64 compiler.
 namespace text_format_unittest {
 
-inline bool IsNaN(double value) {
-  // NaN is never equal to anything, even itself.
-  return value != value;
-}
-
 // A basic string with different escapable characters for testing.
 const string kEscapeTestString =
   "\"A string with ' characters \n and \r newlines and \t tabs and \001 "
@@ -451,7 +448,7 @@ TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ErrorCasesRegisteringFieldValuePrinterShouldFail) {
 class CustomMessageFieldValuePrinter : public TextFormat::FieldValuePrinter {
  public:
   virtual string PrintInt32(int32 v) const {
-    return StrCat(FieldValuePrinter::PrintInt32(v), "  # x", ToHex(v));
+    return StrCat(FieldValuePrinter::PrintInt32(v), "  # x", strings::Hex(v));
   }
 
   virtual string PrintMessageStart(const Message& message,
@@ -897,8 +894,8 @@ TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseExotic) {
   EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_double(8), numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
   EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_double(9), -numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
   EXPECT_EQ(message.repeated_double(10), -numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNaN(message.repeated_double(11)));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(IsNaN(message.repeated_double(12)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MathLimits<double>::IsNaN(message.repeated_double(11)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MathLimits<double>::IsNaN(message.repeated_double(12)));
 
   // Note:  Since these string literals have \0's in them, we must explicitly
   //   pass their sizes to string's constructor.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ee0ec29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
+
+#define INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PROTOBUF_FIELD_DEPRECATION
+#include "google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Timestamp_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Timestamp_reflection_ = NULL;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto() {
+  protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file =
+    ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
+      "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL);
+  Timestamp_descriptor_ = file->message_type(0);
+  static const int Timestamp_offsets_[2] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Timestamp, seconds_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Timestamp, nanos_),
+  };
+  Timestamp_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Timestamp_descriptor_,
+      Timestamp::default_instance_,
+      Timestamp_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Timestamp),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Timestamp, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Timestamp, _is_default_instance_));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
+inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto);
+}
+
+void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Timestamp_descriptor_, &Timestamp::default_instance());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto() {
+  delete Timestamp::default_instance_;
+  delete Timestamp_reflection_;
+}
+
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto() {
+  static bool already_here = false;
+  if (already_here) return;
+  already_here = true;
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
+    "\n\037google/protobuf/timestamp.proto\022\017googl"
+    "e.protobuf\"+\n\tTimestamp\022\017\n\007seconds\030\001 \001(\003"
+    "\022\r\n\005nanos\030\002 \001(\005BQ\n\023com.google.protobufB\016"
+    "TimestampProtoP\001\240\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Proto"
+    "buf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 186);
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
+    "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
+  Timestamp::default_instance_ = new Timestamp();
+  Timestamp::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto);
+}
+
+// Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
+struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto {
+  StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto() {
+    protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+  }
+} static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_;
+
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << __FILE__ << ":" << line;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Timestamp::kSecondsFieldNumber;
+const int Timestamp::kNanosFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Timestamp::Timestamp()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+}
+
+void Timestamp::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+Timestamp::Timestamp(const Timestamp& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+}
+
+void Timestamp::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  seconds_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
+  nanos_ = 0;
+}
+
+Timestamp::~Timestamp() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Timestamp::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void Timestamp::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Timestamp::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Timestamp_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Timestamp& Timestamp::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Timestamp* Timestamp::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Timestamp* Timestamp::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Timestamp* n = new Timestamp;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Timestamp::Clear() {
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<Timestamp*>(16)->f)
+
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&first, 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
+
+  ZR_(seconds_, nanos_);
+
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
+#undef ZR_
+
+}
+
+bool Timestamp::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional int64 seconds = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 8) {
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::int64, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT64>(
+                 input, &seconds_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(16)) goto parse_nanos;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional int32 nanos = 2;
+      case 2: {
+        if (tag == 16) {
+         parse_nanos:
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
+                 input, &nanos_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Timestamp::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  // optional int64 seconds = 1;
+  if (this->seconds() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt64(1, this->seconds(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 nanos = 2;
+  if (this->nanos() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(2, this->nanos(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Timestamp::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  // optional int64 seconds = 1;
+  if (this->seconds() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt64ToArray(1, this->seconds(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 nanos = 2;
+  if (this->nanos() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(2, this->nanos(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Timestamp::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional int64 seconds = 1;
+  if (this->seconds() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int64Size(
+        this->seconds());
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 nanos = 2;
+  if (this->nanos() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+        this->nanos());
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Timestamp::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Timestamp* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Timestamp>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Timestamp::MergeFrom(const Timestamp& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.seconds() != 0) {
+    set_seconds(from.seconds());
+  }
+  if (from.nanos() != 0) {
+    set_nanos(from.nanos());
+  }
+}
+
+void Timestamp::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Timestamp::CopyFrom(const Timestamp& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Timestamp::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Timestamp::Swap(Timestamp* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Timestamp::InternalSwap(Timestamp* other) {
+  std::swap(seconds_, other->seconds_);
+  std::swap(nanos_, other->nanos_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Timestamp::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Timestamp_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Timestamp_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Timestamp
+
+// optional int64 seconds = 1;
+void Timestamp::clear_seconds() {
+  seconds_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int64 Timestamp::seconds() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Timestamp.seconds)
+  return seconds_;
+}
+ void Timestamp::set_seconds(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
+  
+  seconds_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Timestamp.seconds)
+}
+
+// optional int32 nanos = 2;
+void Timestamp::clear_nanos() {
+  nanos_ = 0;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 Timestamp::nanos() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Timestamp.nanos)
+  return nanos_;
+}
+ void Timestamp::set_nanos(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  
+  nanos_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Timestamp.nanos)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85fc1242
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto__INCLUDED
+#define PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto__INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3000000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3000000 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+
+class Timestamp;
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Timestamp : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Timestamp();
+  virtual ~Timestamp();
+
+  Timestamp(const Timestamp& from);
+
+  inline Timestamp& operator=(const Timestamp& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Timestamp& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(Timestamp* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Timestamp* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Timestamp* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Timestamp& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Timestamp& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Timestamp* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional int64 seconds = 1;
+  void clear_seconds();
+  static const int kSecondsFieldNumber = 1;
+  ::google::protobuf::int64 seconds() const;
+  void set_seconds(::google::protobuf::int64 value);
+
+  // optional int32 nanos = 2;
+  void clear_nanos();
+  static const int kNanosFieldNumber = 2;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 nanos() const;
+  void set_nanos(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int64 seconds_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 nanos_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Timestamp* default_instance_;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Timestamp
+
+// optional int64 seconds = 1;
+inline void Timestamp::clear_seconds() {
+  seconds_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::int64 Timestamp::seconds() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Timestamp.seconds)
+  return seconds_;
+}
+inline void Timestamp::set_seconds(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
+  
+  seconds_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Timestamp.seconds)
+}
+
+// optional int32 nanos = 2;
+inline void Timestamp::clear_nanos() {
+  nanos_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::int32 Timestamp::nanos() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Timestamp.nanos)
+  return nanos_;
+}
+inline void Timestamp::set_nanos(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  
+  nanos_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Timestamp.nanos)
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto__INCLUDED
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto b/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11f258da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "TimestampProto";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+
+// A Timestamp represents a point in time independent of any time zone
+// or calendar, represented as seconds and fractions of seconds at
+// nanosecond resolution in UTC Epoch time. It is encoded using the
+// Proleptic Gregorian Calendar which extends the Gregorian calendar
+// backwards to year one. It is encoded assuming all minutes are 60
+// seconds long, i.e. leap seconds are "smeared" so that no leap second
+// table is needed for interpretation. Range is from
+// 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z.
+// By restricting to that range, we ensure that we can convert to
+// and from  RFC 3339 date strings.
+// See [https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt).
+//
+// Example 1: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `time()`.
+//
+//     Timestamp timestamp;
+//     timestamp.set_seconds(time(NULL));
+//     timestamp.set_nanos(0);
+//
+// Example 2: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `gettimeofday()`.
+//
+//     struct timeval tv;
+//     gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+//
+//     Timestamp timestamp;
+//     timestamp.set_seconds(tv.tv_sec);
+//     timestamp.set_nanos(tv.tv_usec * 1000);
+//
+// Example 3: Compute Timestamp from Win32 `GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`.
+//
+//     FILETIME ft;
+//     GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
+//     UINT64 ticks = (((UINT64)ft.dwHighDateTime) << 32) | ft.dwLowDateTime;
+//
+//     // A Windows tick is 100 nanoseconds. Windows epoch 1601-01-01T00:00:00Z
+//     // is 11644473600 seconds before Unix epoch 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
+//     Timestamp timestamp;
+//     timestamp.set_seconds((INT64) ((ticks / 10000000) - 11644473600LL));
+//     timestamp.set_nanos((INT32) ((ticks % 10000000) * 100));
+//
+// Example 4: Compute Timestamp from Java `System.currentTimeMillis()`.
+//
+//     long millis = System.currentTimeMillis();
+//
+//     Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(millis / 1000)
+//         .setNanos((int) ((millis % 1000) * 1000000)).build();
+//
+// Example 5: Compute Timestamp from Python `datetime.datetime`.
+//
+//     now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
+//     seconds = int(time.mktime(now.timetuple()))
+//     nanos = now.microsecond * 1000
+//     timestamp = Timestamp(seconds=seconds, nanos=nanos)
+//
+message Timestamp {
+  // Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch
+  // 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
+  // 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive.
+  int64 seconds = 1;
+
+  // Non-negative fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution. Negative
+  // second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos values
+  // that count forward in time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999
+  // inclusive.
+  int32 nanos = 2;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..029a72c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2899 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+#define INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PROTOBUF_FIELD_DEPRECATION
+#include "google/protobuf/type.pb.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Type_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Type_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Field_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Field_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* Field_Kind_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* Field_Cardinality_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Enum_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Enum_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* EnumValue_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  EnumValue_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Option_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Option_reflection_ = NULL;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
+  protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file =
+    ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
+      "google/protobuf/type.proto");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL);
+  Type_descriptor_ = file->message_type(0);
+  static const int Type_offsets_[5] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Type, name_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Type, fields_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Type, oneofs_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Type, options_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Type, source_context_),
+  };
+  Type_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Type_descriptor_,
+      Type::default_instance_,
+      Type_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Type),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Type, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Type, _is_default_instance_));
+  Field_descriptor_ = file->message_type(1);
+  static const int Field_offsets_[8] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, kind_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, cardinality_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, number_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, name_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, type_url_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, oneof_index_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, packed_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, options_),
+  };
+  Field_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Field_descriptor_,
+      Field::default_instance_,
+      Field_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Field),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, _is_default_instance_));
+  Field_Kind_descriptor_ = Field_descriptor_->enum_type(0);
+  Field_Cardinality_descriptor_ = Field_descriptor_->enum_type(1);
+  Enum_descriptor_ = file->message_type(2);
+  static const int Enum_offsets_[4] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Enum, name_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Enum, enumvalue_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Enum, options_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Enum, source_context_),
+  };
+  Enum_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Enum_descriptor_,
+      Enum::default_instance_,
+      Enum_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Enum),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Enum, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Enum, _is_default_instance_));
+  EnumValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(3);
+  static const int EnumValue_offsets_[3] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValue, name_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValue, number_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValue, options_),
+  };
+  EnumValue_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      EnumValue_descriptor_,
+      EnumValue::default_instance_,
+      EnumValue_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(EnumValue),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValue, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValue, _is_default_instance_));
+  Option_descriptor_ = file->message_type(4);
+  static const int Option_offsets_[2] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Option, name_),
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Option, value_),
+  };
+  Option_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Option_descriptor_,
+      Option::default_instance_,
+      Option_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Option),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Option, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Option, _is_default_instance_));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
+inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto);
+}
+
+void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Type_descriptor_, &Type::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Field_descriptor_, &Field::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Enum_descriptor_, &Enum::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      EnumValue_descriptor_, &EnumValue::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Option_descriptor_, &Option::default_instance());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
+  delete Type::default_instance_;
+  delete Type_reflection_;
+  delete Field::default_instance_;
+  delete Field_reflection_;
+  delete Enum::default_instance_;
+  delete Enum_reflection_;
+  delete EnumValue::default_instance_;
+  delete EnumValue_reflection_;
+  delete Option::default_instance_;
+  delete Option_reflection_;
+}
+
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
+  static bool already_here = false;
+  if (already_here) return;
+  already_here = true;
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
+    "\n\032google/protobuf/type.proto\022\017google.pro"
+    "tobuf\032\031google/protobuf/any.proto\032$google"
+    "/protobuf/source_context.proto\"\256\001\n\004Type\022"
+    "\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022&\n\006fields\030\002 \003(\0132\026.google.p"
+    "rotobuf.Field\022\016\n\006oneofs\030\003 \003(\t\022(\n\007options"
+    "\030\004 \003(\0132\027.google.protobuf.Option\0226\n\016sourc"
+    "e_context\030\005 \001(\0132\036.google.protobuf.Source"
+    "Context\"\233\005\n\005Field\022)\n\004kind\030\001 \001(\0162\033.google"
+    ".protobuf.Field.Kind\0227\n\013cardinality\030\002 \001("
+    "\0162\".google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality\022\016\n"
+    "\006number\030\003 \001(\005\022\014\n\004name\030\004 \001(\t\022\020\n\010type_url\030"
+    "\006 \001(\t\022\023\n\013oneof_index\030\007 \001(\005\022\016\n\006packed\030\010 \001"
+    "(\010\022(\n\007options\030\t \003(\0132\027.google.protobuf.Op"
+    "tion\"\270\002\n\004Kind\022\020\n\014TYPE_UNKNOWN\020\000\022\017\n\013TYPE_"
+    "DOUBLE\020\001\022\016\n\nTYPE_FLOAT\020\002\022\016\n\nTYPE_INT64\020\003"
+    "\022\017\n\013TYPE_UINT64\020\004\022\016\n\nTYPE_INT32\020\005\022\020\n\014TYP"
+    "E_FIXED64\020\006\022\020\n\014TYPE_FIXED32\020\007\022\r\n\tTYPE_BO"
+    "OL\020\010\022\017\n\013TYPE_STRING\020\t\022\020\n\014TYPE_MESSAGE\020\013\022"
+    "\016\n\nTYPE_BYTES\020\014\022\017\n\013TYPE_UINT32\020\r\022\r\n\tTYPE"
+    "_ENUM\020\016\022\021\n\rTYPE_SFIXED32\020\017\022\021\n\rTYPE_SFIXE"
+    "D64\020\020\022\017\n\013TYPE_SINT32\020\021\022\017\n\013TYPE_SINT64\020\022\""
+    "t\n\013Cardinality\022\027\n\023CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN\020\000\022"
+    "\030\n\024CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL\020\001\022\030\n\024CARDINALITY"
+    "_REQUIRED\020\002\022\030\n\024CARDINALITY_REPEATED\020\003\"\245\001"
+    "\n\004Enum\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022-\n\tenumvalue\030\002 \003(\0132"
+    "\032.google.protobuf.EnumValue\022(\n\007options\030\003"
+    " \003(\0132\027.google.protobuf.Option\0226\n\016source_"
+    "context\030\004 \001(\0132\036.google.protobuf.SourceCo"
+    "ntext\"S\n\tEnumValue\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022\016\n\006numb"
+    "er\030\002 \001(\005\022(\n\007options\030\003 \003(\0132\027.google.proto"
+    "buf.Option\";\n\006Option\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022#\n\005va"
+    "lue\030\002 \001(\0132\024.google.protobuf.AnyBI\n\023com.g"
+    "oogle.protobufB\tTypeProtoP\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Goog"
+    "le.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 1354);
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
+    "google/protobuf/type.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
+  Type::default_instance_ = new Type();
+  Field::default_instance_ = new Field();
+  Enum::default_instance_ = new Enum();
+  EnumValue::default_instance_ = new EnumValue();
+  Option::default_instance_ = new Option();
+  Type::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Field::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Enum::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  EnumValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Option::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto);
+}
+
+// Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
+struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto {
+  StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
+    protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  }
+} static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_;
+
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << __FILE__ << ":" << line;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Type::kNameFieldNumber;
+const int Type::kFieldsFieldNumber;
+const int Type::kOneofsFieldNumber;
+const int Type::kOptionsFieldNumber;
+const int Type::kSourceContextFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Type::Type()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Type)
+}
+
+void Type::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+  source_context_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::SourceContext*>(&::google::protobuf::SourceContext::default_instance());
+}
+
+Type::Type(const Type& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Type)
+}
+
+void Type::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+}
+
+Type::~Type() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Type)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Type::SharedDtor() {
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+}
+
+void Type::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Type::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Type_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Type& Type::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Type* Type::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Type* Type::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Type* n = new Type;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Type::Clear() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+  fields_.Clear();
+  oneofs_.Clear();
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+
+bool Type::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Type)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_name()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Type.name");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_fields;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
+      case 2: {
+        if (tag == 18) {
+         parse_fields:
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_fields:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+                input, add_fields()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_loop_fields;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_oneofs;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated string oneofs = 3;
+      case 3: {
+        if (tag == 26) {
+         parse_oneofs:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->add_oneofs()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->oneofs(this->oneofs_size() - 1).data(),
+            this->oneofs(this->oneofs_size() - 1).length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Type.oneofs");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_oneofs;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(34)) goto parse_options;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
+      case 4: {
+        if (tag == 34) {
+         parse_options:
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_options:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+                input, add_options()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(34)) goto parse_loop_options;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        if (input->ExpectTag(42)) goto parse_source_context;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+      case 5: {
+        if (tag == 42) {
+         parse_source_context:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+               input, mutable_source_context()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Type)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Type)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Type::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Type)
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Type.name");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      1, this->name(), output);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->fields_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      2, this->fields(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // repeated string oneofs = 3;
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->oneofs_size(); i++) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+    this->oneofs(i).data(), this->oneofs(i).length(),
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+    "google.protobuf.Type.oneofs");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteString(
+      3, this->oneofs(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->options_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      4, this->options(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      5, *this->source_context_, output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Type)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Type::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Type)
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Type.name");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        1, this->name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->fields_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        2, this->fields(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated string oneofs = 3;
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->oneofs_size(); i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->oneofs(i).data(), this->oneofs(i).length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Type.oneofs");
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteStringToArray(3, this->oneofs(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->options_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        4, this->options(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        5, *this->source_context_, target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Type)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Type::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->name());
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        *this->source_context_);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
+  total_size += 1 * this->fields_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->fields_size(); i++) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        this->fields(i));
+  }
+
+  // repeated string oneofs = 3;
+  total_size += 1 * this->oneofs_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->oneofs_size(); i++) {
+    total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+      this->oneofs(i));
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
+  total_size += 1 * this->options_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->options_size(); i++) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        this->options(i));
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Type::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Type* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Type>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Type::MergeFrom(const Type& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  fields_.MergeFrom(from.fields_);
+  oneofs_.MergeFrom(from.oneofs_);
+  options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  if (from.has_source_context()) {
+    mutable_source_context()->::google::protobuf::SourceContext::MergeFrom(from.source_context());
+  }
+}
+
+void Type::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Type::CopyFrom(const Type& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Type::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Type::Swap(Type* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Type::InternalSwap(Type* other) {
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_);
+  fields_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->fields_);
+  oneofs_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->oneofs_);
+  options_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->options_);
+  std::swap(source_context_, other->source_context_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Type::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Type_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Type_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Type
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+void Type::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& Type::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Type::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+ void Type::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+ void Type::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* Type::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Type::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Type::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
+int Type::fields_size() const {
+  return fields_.size();
+}
+void Type::clear_fields() {
+  fields_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::Field& Type::fields(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return fields_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Field* Type::mutable_fields(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return fields_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Field* Type::add_fields() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return fields_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Field >&
+Type::fields() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return fields_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Field >*
+Type::mutable_fields() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return &fields_;
+}
+
+// repeated string oneofs = 3;
+int Type::oneofs_size() const {
+  return oneofs_.size();
+}
+void Type::clear_oneofs() {
+  oneofs_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::std::string& Type::oneofs(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return oneofs_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::std::string* Type::mutable_oneofs(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return oneofs_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+ void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const char* value) {
+  oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+ void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+ ::std::string* Type::add_oneofs() {
+  return oneofs_.Add();
+}
+ void Type::add_oneofs(const ::std::string& value) {
+  oneofs_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+ void Type::add_oneofs(const char* value) {
+  oneofs_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+ void Type::add_oneofs(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  oneofs_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+Type::oneofs() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return oneofs_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+Type::mutable_oneofs() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return &oneofs_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
+int Type::options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+void Type::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::Option& Type::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Option* Type::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Option* Type::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+Type::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+Type::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+bool Type::has_source_context() const {
+  return !_is_default_instance_ && source_context_ != NULL;
+}
+void Type::clear_source_context() {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Type::source_context() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_ : *default_instance_->source_context_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Type::mutable_source_context() {
+  
+  if (source_context_ == NULL) {
+    source_context_ = new ::google::protobuf::SourceContext;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+  return source_context_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Type::release_source_context() {
+  
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+ void Type::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  if (source_context) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* Field_Kind_descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Field_Kind_descriptor_;
+}
+bool Field_Kind_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch(value) {
+    case 0:
+    case 1:
+    case 2:
+    case 3:
+    case 4:
+    case 5:
+    case 6:
+    case 7:
+    case 8:
+    case 9:
+    case 11:
+    case 12:
+    case 13:
+    case 14:
+    case 15:
+    case 16:
+    case 17:
+    case 18:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_DOUBLE;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_FLOAT;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_INT64;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_UINT64;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_INT32;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_FIXED64;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_FIXED32;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_BOOL;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_STRING;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_MESSAGE;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_BYTES;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_UINT32;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_ENUM;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_SFIXED32;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_SFIXED64;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_SINT32;
+const Field_Kind Field::TYPE_SINT64;
+const Field_Kind Field::Kind_MIN;
+const Field_Kind Field::Kind_MAX;
+const int Field::Kind_ARRAYSIZE;
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
+const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* Field_Cardinality_descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Field_Cardinality_descriptor_;
+}
+bool Field_Cardinality_IsValid(int value) {
+  switch(value) {
+    case 0:
+    case 1:
+    case 2:
+    case 3:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const Field_Cardinality Field::CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN;
+const Field_Cardinality Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL;
+const Field_Cardinality Field::CARDINALITY_REQUIRED;
+const Field_Cardinality Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED;
+const Field_Cardinality Field::Cardinality_MIN;
+const Field_Cardinality Field::Cardinality_MAX;
+const int Field::Cardinality_ARRAYSIZE;
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Field::kKindFieldNumber;
+const int Field::kCardinalityFieldNumber;
+const int Field::kNumberFieldNumber;
+const int Field::kNameFieldNumber;
+const int Field::kTypeUrlFieldNumber;
+const int Field::kOneofIndexFieldNumber;
+const int Field::kPackedFieldNumber;
+const int Field::kOptionsFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Field::Field()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Field)
+}
+
+void Field::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+Field::Field(const Field& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Field)
+}
+
+void Field::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  kind_ = 0;
+  cardinality_ = 0;
+  number_ = 0;
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  oneof_index_ = 0;
+  packed_ = false;
+}
+
+Field::~Field() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Field)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Field::SharedDtor() {
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  type_url_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void Field::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Field::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Field_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Field& Field::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Field* Field::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Field* Field::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Field* n = new Field;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Field::Clear() {
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<Field*>(16)->f)
+
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&first, 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
+
+  ZR_(kind_, cardinality_);
+  ZR_(number_, oneof_index_);
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  packed_ = false;
+
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
+#undef ZR_
+
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+
+bool Field::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Field)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 8) {
+          int value;
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   int, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(
+                 input, &value)));
+          set_kind(static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Field_Kind >(value));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(16)) goto parse_cardinality;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional .google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+      case 2: {
+        if (tag == 16) {
+         parse_cardinality:
+          int value;
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   int, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(
+                 input, &value)));
+          set_cardinality(static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality >(value));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(24)) goto parse_number;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional int32 number = 3;
+      case 3: {
+        if (tag == 24) {
+         parse_number:
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
+                 input, &number_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(34)) goto parse_name;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional string name = 4;
+      case 4: {
+        if (tag == 34) {
+         parse_name:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_name()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Field.name");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(50)) goto parse_type_url;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional string type_url = 6;
+      case 6: {
+        if (tag == 50) {
+         parse_type_url:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_type_url()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->type_url().data(), this->type_url().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Field.type_url");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(56)) goto parse_oneof_index;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional int32 oneof_index = 7;
+      case 7: {
+        if (tag == 56) {
+         parse_oneof_index:
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
+                 input, &oneof_index_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(64)) goto parse_packed;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional bool packed = 8;
+      case 8: {
+        if (tag == 64) {
+         parse_packed:
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
+                 input, &packed_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(74)) goto parse_options;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
+      case 9: {
+        if (tag == 74) {
+         parse_options:
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_options:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+                input, add_options()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(74)) goto parse_loop_options;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Field)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Field)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Field::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Field)
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
+  if (this->kind() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnum(
+      1, this->kind(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+  if (this->cardinality() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnum(
+      2, this->cardinality(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 number = 3;
+  if (this->number() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(3, this->number(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional string name = 4;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Field.name");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      4, this->name(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional string type_url = 6;
+  if (this->type_url().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->type_url().data(), this->type_url().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Field.type_url");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      6, this->type_url(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 oneof_index = 7;
+  if (this->oneof_index() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(7, this->oneof_index(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool packed = 8;
+  if (this->packed() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(8, this->packed(), output);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->options_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      9, this->options(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Field)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Field::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Field)
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
+  if (this->kind() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      1, this->kind(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+  if (this->cardinality() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteEnumToArray(
+      2, this->cardinality(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 number = 3;
+  if (this->number() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(3, this->number(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string name = 4;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Field.name");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        4, this->name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional string type_url = 6;
+  if (this->type_url().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->type_url().data(), this->type_url().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Field.type_url");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        6, this->type_url(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 oneof_index = 7;
+  if (this->oneof_index() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(7, this->oneof_index(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional bool packed = 8;
+  if (this->packed() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(8, this->packed(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->options_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        9, this->options(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Field)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Field::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
+  if (this->kind() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->kind());
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+  if (this->cardinality() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(this->cardinality());
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 number = 3;
+  if (this->number() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+        this->number());
+  }
+
+  // optional string name = 4;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->name());
+  }
+
+  // optional string type_url = 6;
+  if (this->type_url().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->type_url());
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 oneof_index = 7;
+  if (this->oneof_index() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+        this->oneof_index());
+  }
+
+  // optional bool packed = 8;
+  if (this->packed() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 + 1;
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
+  total_size += 1 * this->options_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->options_size(); i++) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        this->options(i));
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Field::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Field* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Field>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Field::MergeFrom(const Field& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
+  if (from.kind() != 0) {
+    set_kind(from.kind());
+  }
+  if (from.cardinality() != 0) {
+    set_cardinality(from.cardinality());
+  }
+  if (from.number() != 0) {
+    set_number(from.number());
+  }
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  if (from.type_url().size() > 0) {
+
+    type_url_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.type_url_);
+  }
+  if (from.oneof_index() != 0) {
+    set_oneof_index(from.oneof_index());
+  }
+  if (from.packed() != 0) {
+    set_packed(from.packed());
+  }
+}
+
+void Field::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Field::CopyFrom(const Field& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Field::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Field::Swap(Field* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Field::InternalSwap(Field* other) {
+  std::swap(kind_, other->kind_);
+  std::swap(cardinality_, other->cardinality_);
+  std::swap(number_, other->number_);
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_);
+  type_url_.Swap(&other->type_url_);
+  std::swap(oneof_index_, other->oneof_index_);
+  std::swap(packed_, other->packed_);
+  options_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->options_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Field::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Field_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Field_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Field
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
+void Field::clear_kind() {
+  kind_ = 0;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Field_Kind Field::kind() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.kind)
+  return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Field_Kind >(kind_);
+}
+ void Field::set_kind(::google::protobuf::Field_Kind value) {
+  
+  kind_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.kind)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+void Field::clear_cardinality() {
+  cardinality_ = 0;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality Field::cardinality() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.cardinality)
+  return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality >(cardinality_);
+}
+ void Field::set_cardinality(::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality value) {
+  
+  cardinality_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.cardinality)
+}
+
+// optional int32 number = 3;
+void Field::clear_number() {
+  number_ = 0;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 Field::number() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.number)
+  return number_;
+}
+ void Field::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  
+  number_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.number)
+}
+
+// optional string name = 4;
+void Field::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& Field::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Field::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+ void Field::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+ void Field::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* Field::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Field::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Field::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+
+// optional string type_url = 6;
+void Field::clear_type_url() {
+  type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& Field::type_url() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+  return type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Field::set_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+ void Field::set_type_url(const char* value) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+ void Field::set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+ ::std::string* Field::mutable_type_url() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+  return type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Field::release_type_url() {
+  
+  return type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Field::set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url) {
+  if (type_url != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), type_url);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+
+// optional int32 oneof_index = 7;
+void Field::clear_oneof_index() {
+  oneof_index_ = 0;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 Field::oneof_index() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.oneof_index)
+  return oneof_index_;
+}
+ void Field::set_oneof_index(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  
+  oneof_index_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.oneof_index)
+}
+
+// optional bool packed = 8;
+void Field::clear_packed() {
+  packed_ = false;
+}
+ bool Field::packed() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.packed)
+  return packed_;
+}
+ void Field::set_packed(bool value) {
+  
+  packed_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.packed)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
+int Field::options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+void Field::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::Option& Field::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Option* Field::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Option* Field::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+Field::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+Field::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Enum::kNameFieldNumber;
+const int Enum::kEnumvalueFieldNumber;
+const int Enum::kOptionsFieldNumber;
+const int Enum::kSourceContextFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Enum::Enum()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Enum)
+}
+
+void Enum::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+  source_context_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::SourceContext*>(&::google::protobuf::SourceContext::default_instance());
+}
+
+Enum::Enum(const Enum& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Enum)
+}
+
+void Enum::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+}
+
+Enum::~Enum() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Enum::SharedDtor() {
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+}
+
+void Enum::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Enum::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Enum_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Enum& Enum::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Enum* Enum::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Enum* Enum::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Enum* n = new Enum;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Enum::Clear() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+  enumvalue_.Clear();
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+
+bool Enum::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_name()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Enum.name");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_enumvalue;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+      case 2: {
+        if (tag == 18) {
+         parse_enumvalue:
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_enumvalue:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+                input, add_enumvalue()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_loop_enumvalue;
+        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_loop_options;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+      case 3: {
+        if (tag == 26) {
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_options:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+                input, add_options()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_loop_options;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        if (input->ExpectTag(34)) goto parse_source_context;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
+      case 4: {
+        if (tag == 34) {
+         parse_source_context:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+               input, mutable_source_context()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Enum::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Enum.name");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      1, this->name(), output);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->enumvalue_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      2, this->enumvalue(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->options_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      3, this->options(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      4, *this->source_context_, output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Enum)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Enum::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Enum.name");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        1, this->name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->enumvalue_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        2, this->enumvalue(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->options_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        3, this->options(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        4, *this->source_context_, target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Enum)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Enum::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->name());
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
+  if (this->has_source_context()) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        *this->source_context_);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+  total_size += 1 * this->enumvalue_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->enumvalue_size(); i++) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        this->enumvalue(i));
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  total_size += 1 * this->options_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->options_size(); i++) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        this->options(i));
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Enum::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Enum* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Enum>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Enum::MergeFrom(const Enum& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  enumvalue_.MergeFrom(from.enumvalue_);
+  options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  if (from.has_source_context()) {
+    mutable_source_context()->::google::protobuf::SourceContext::MergeFrom(from.source_context());
+  }
+}
+
+void Enum::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Enum::CopyFrom(const Enum& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Enum::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Enum::Swap(Enum* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Enum::InternalSwap(Enum* other) {
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_);
+  enumvalue_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->enumvalue_);
+  options_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->options_);
+  std::swap(source_context_, other->source_context_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Enum::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Enum_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Enum_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Enum
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+void Enum::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& Enum::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Enum::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+ void Enum::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+ void Enum::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* Enum::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Enum::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Enum::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+int Enum::enumvalue_size() const {
+  return enumvalue_.size();
+}
+void Enum::clear_enumvalue() {
+  enumvalue_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::EnumValue& Enum::enumvalue(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return enumvalue_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::EnumValue* Enum::mutable_enumvalue(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return enumvalue_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::EnumValue* Enum::add_enumvalue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return enumvalue_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValue >&
+Enum::enumvalue() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return enumvalue_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValue >*
+Enum::mutable_enumvalue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return &enumvalue_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+int Enum::options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+void Enum::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::Option& Enum::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Option* Enum::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Option* Enum::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+Enum::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+Enum::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
+bool Enum::has_source_context() const {
+  return !_is_default_instance_ && source_context_ != NULL;
+}
+void Enum::clear_source_context() {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Enum::source_context() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_ : *default_instance_->source_context_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Enum::mutable_source_context() {
+  
+  if (source_context_ == NULL) {
+    source_context_ = new ::google::protobuf::SourceContext;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+  return source_context_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Enum::release_source_context() {
+  
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+ void Enum::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  if (source_context) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int EnumValue::kNameFieldNumber;
+const int EnumValue::kNumberFieldNumber;
+const int EnumValue::kOptionsFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+EnumValue::EnumValue()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+}
+
+void EnumValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+EnumValue::EnumValue(const EnumValue& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+}
+
+void EnumValue::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  number_ = 0;
+}
+
+EnumValue::~EnumValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void EnumValue::SharedDtor() {
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* EnumValue::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return EnumValue_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const EnumValue& EnumValue::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+EnumValue* EnumValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+EnumValue* EnumValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  EnumValue* n = new EnumValue;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void EnumValue::Clear() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  number_ = 0;
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+
+bool EnumValue::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_name()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.EnumValue.name");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(16)) goto parse_number;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional int32 number = 2;
+      case 2: {
+        if (tag == 16) {
+         parse_number:
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
+                 input, &number_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_options;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+      case 3: {
+        if (tag == 26) {
+         parse_options:
+          DO_(input->IncrementRecursionDepth());
+         parse_loop_options:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+                input, add_options()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_loop_options;
+        input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void EnumValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.EnumValue.name");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      1, this->name(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 number = 2;
+  if (this->number() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(2, this->number(), output);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->options_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      3, this->options(i), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* EnumValue::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.EnumValue.name");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        1, this->name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 number = 2;
+  if (this->number() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(2, this->number(), target);
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0, n = this->options_size(); i < n; i++) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        3, this->options(i), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int EnumValue::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->name());
+  }
+
+  // optional int32 number = 2;
+  if (this->number() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+        this->number());
+  }
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  total_size += 1 * this->options_size();
+  for (int i = 0; i < this->options_size(); i++) {
+    total_size +=
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        this->options(i));
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void EnumValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const EnumValue* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const EnumValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumValue::MergeFrom(const EnumValue& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  if (from.number() != 0) {
+    set_number(from.number());
+  }
+}
+
+void EnumValue::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void EnumValue::CopyFrom(const EnumValue& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool EnumValue::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void EnumValue::Swap(EnumValue* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void EnumValue::InternalSwap(EnumValue* other) {
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_);
+  std::swap(number_, other->number_);
+  options_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->options_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata EnumValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = EnumValue_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = EnumValue_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// EnumValue
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+void EnumValue::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& EnumValue::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void EnumValue::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+ void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+ void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* EnumValue::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* EnumValue::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void EnumValue::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+
+// optional int32 number = 2;
+void EnumValue::clear_number() {
+  number_ = 0;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 EnumValue::number() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValue.number)
+  return number_;
+}
+ void EnumValue::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  
+  number_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValue.number)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+int EnumValue::options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+void EnumValue::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::Option& EnumValue::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Option* EnumValue::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Option* EnumValue::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+EnumValue::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+EnumValue::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Option::kNameFieldNumber;
+const int Option::kValueFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Option::Option()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Option)
+}
+
+void Option::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+  value_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::Any*>(&::google::protobuf::Any::default_instance());
+}
+
+Option::Option(const Option& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Option)
+}
+
+void Option::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  value_ = NULL;
+}
+
+Option::~Option() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Option)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Option::SharedDtor() {
+  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+    delete value_;
+  }
+}
+
+void Option::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Option::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Option_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Option& Option::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Option* Option::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Option* Option::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Option* n = new Option;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Option::Clear() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && value_ != NULL) delete value_;
+  value_ = NULL;
+}
+
+bool Option::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Option)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional string name = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_name()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.Option.name");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_value;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // optional .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
+      case 2: {
+        if (tag == 18) {
+         parse_value:
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
+               input, mutable_value()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Option)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Option)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Option::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Option)
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Option.name");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      1, this->name(), output);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
+  if (this->has_value()) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
+      2, *this->value_, output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Option)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Option::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Option)
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->name().data(), this->name().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.Option.name");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        1, this->name(), target);
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
+  if (this->has_value()) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
+      WriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
+        2, *this->value_, target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Option)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Option::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  if (this->name().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->name());
+  }
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
+  if (this->has_value()) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+        *this->value_);
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Option::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Option* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Option>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Option::MergeFrom(const Option& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+
+    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+  }
+  if (from.has_value()) {
+    mutable_value()->::google::protobuf::Any::MergeFrom(from.value());
+  }
+}
+
+void Option::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Option::CopyFrom(const Option& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Option::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Option::Swap(Option* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Option::InternalSwap(Option* other) {
+  name_.Swap(&other->name_);
+  std::swap(value_, other->value_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Option::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Option_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Option_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Option
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+void Option::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& Option::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Option::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+ void Option::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+ void Option::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+ ::std::string* Option::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* Option::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void Option::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
+bool Option::has_value() const {
+  return !_is_default_instance_ && value_ != NULL;
+}
+void Option::clear_value() {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && value_ != NULL) delete value_;
+  value_ = NULL;
+}
+ const ::google::protobuf::Any& Option::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+  return value_ != NULL ? *value_ : *default_instance_->value_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Any* Option::mutable_value() {
+  
+  if (value_ == NULL) {
+    value_ = new ::google::protobuf::Any;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Any* Option::release_value() {
+  
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* temp = value_;
+  value_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+ void Option::set_allocated_value(::google::protobuf::Any* value) {
+  delete value_;
+  value_ = value;
+  if (value) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9952efa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1516 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/type.proto
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto__INCLUDED
+#define PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto__INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3000000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3000000 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include "google/protobuf/any.pb.h"
+#include "google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h"
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+
+class Type;
+class Field;
+class Enum;
+class EnumValue;
+class Option;
+
+enum Field_Kind {
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_DOUBLE = 1,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_FLOAT = 2,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_INT64 = 3,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT64 = 4,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_INT32 = 5,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED64 = 6,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED32 = 7,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_BOOL = 8,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_STRING = 9,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE = 11,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_BYTES = 12,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT32 = 13,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_ENUM = 14,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT32 = 17,
+  Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT64 = 18,
+  Field_Kind_Field_Kind_INT_MIN_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = ::google::protobuf::kint32min,
+  Field_Kind_Field_Kind_INT_MAX_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = ::google::protobuf::kint32max
+};
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool Field_Kind_IsValid(int value);
+const Field_Kind Field_Kind_Kind_MIN = Field_Kind_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+const Field_Kind Field_Kind_Kind_MAX = Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT64;
+const int Field_Kind_Kind_ARRAYSIZE = Field_Kind_Kind_MAX + 1;
+
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* Field_Kind_descriptor();
+inline const ::std::string& Field_Kind_Name(Field_Kind value) {
+  return ::google::protobuf::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    Field_Kind_descriptor(), value);
+}
+inline bool Field_Kind_Parse(
+    const ::std::string& name, Field_Kind* value) {
+  return ::google::protobuf::internal::ParseNamedEnum<Field_Kind>(
+    Field_Kind_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+enum Field_Cardinality {
+  Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN = 0,
+  Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL = 1,
+  Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REQUIRED = 2,
+  Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED = 3,
+  Field_Cardinality_Field_Cardinality_INT_MIN_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = ::google::protobuf::kint32min,
+  Field_Cardinality_Field_Cardinality_INT_MAX_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = ::google::protobuf::kint32max
+};
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool Field_Cardinality_IsValid(int value);
+const Field_Cardinality Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_MIN = Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN;
+const Field_Cardinality Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_MAX = Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED;
+const int Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_ARRAYSIZE = Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_MAX + 1;
+
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* Field_Cardinality_descriptor();
+inline const ::std::string& Field_Cardinality_Name(Field_Cardinality value) {
+  return ::google::protobuf::internal::NameOfEnum(
+    Field_Cardinality_descriptor(), value);
+}
+inline bool Field_Cardinality_Parse(
+    const ::std::string& name, Field_Cardinality* value) {
+  return ::google::protobuf::internal::ParseNamedEnum<Field_Cardinality>(
+    Field_Cardinality_descriptor(), name, value);
+}
+// ===================================================================
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Type : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Type();
+  virtual ~Type();
+
+  Type(const Type& from);
+
+  inline Type& operator=(const Type& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Type& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(Type* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Type* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Type* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Type& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Type& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Type* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
+  int fields_size() const;
+  void clear_fields();
+  static const int kFieldsFieldNumber = 2;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Field& fields(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::Field* mutable_fields(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::Field* add_fields();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Field >&
+      fields() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Field >*
+      mutable_fields();
+
+  // repeated string oneofs = 3;
+  int oneofs_size() const;
+  void clear_oneofs();
+  static const int kOneofsFieldNumber = 3;
+  const ::std::string& oneofs(int index) const;
+  ::std::string* mutable_oneofs(int index);
+  void set_oneofs(int index, const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_oneofs(int index, const char* value);
+  void set_oneofs(int index, const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* add_oneofs();
+  void add_oneofs(const ::std::string& value);
+  void add_oneofs(const char* value);
+  void add_oneofs(const char* value, size_t size);
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>& oneofs() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>* mutable_oneofs();
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
+  int options_size() const;
+  void clear_options();
+  static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 4;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Option& options(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::Option* mutable_options(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::Option* add_options();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+      options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+      mutable_options();
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+  bool has_source_context() const;
+  void clear_source_context();
+  static const int kSourceContextFieldNumber = 5;
+  const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& source_context() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* mutable_source_context();
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* release_source_context();
+  void set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Type)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Field > fields_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> oneofs_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Type* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Field : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Field();
+  virtual ~Field();
+
+  Field(const Field& from);
+
+  inline Field& operator=(const Field& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Field& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(Field* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Field* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Field* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Field& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Field& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Field* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  typedef Field_Kind Kind;
+  static const Kind TYPE_UNKNOWN = Field_Kind_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+  static const Kind TYPE_DOUBLE = Field_Kind_TYPE_DOUBLE;
+  static const Kind TYPE_FLOAT = Field_Kind_TYPE_FLOAT;
+  static const Kind TYPE_INT64 = Field_Kind_TYPE_INT64;
+  static const Kind TYPE_UINT64 = Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT64;
+  static const Kind TYPE_INT32 = Field_Kind_TYPE_INT32;
+  static const Kind TYPE_FIXED64 = Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED64;
+  static const Kind TYPE_FIXED32 = Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED32;
+  static const Kind TYPE_BOOL = Field_Kind_TYPE_BOOL;
+  static const Kind TYPE_STRING = Field_Kind_TYPE_STRING;
+  static const Kind TYPE_MESSAGE = Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE;
+  static const Kind TYPE_BYTES = Field_Kind_TYPE_BYTES;
+  static const Kind TYPE_UINT32 = Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT32;
+  static const Kind TYPE_ENUM = Field_Kind_TYPE_ENUM;
+  static const Kind TYPE_SFIXED32 = Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED32;
+  static const Kind TYPE_SFIXED64 = Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED64;
+  static const Kind TYPE_SINT32 = Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT32;
+  static const Kind TYPE_SINT64 = Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT64;
+  static inline bool Kind_IsValid(int value) {
+    return Field_Kind_IsValid(value);
+  }
+  static const Kind Kind_MIN =
+    Field_Kind_Kind_MIN;
+  static const Kind Kind_MAX =
+    Field_Kind_Kind_MAX;
+  static const int Kind_ARRAYSIZE =
+    Field_Kind_Kind_ARRAYSIZE;
+  static inline const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor*
+  Kind_descriptor() {
+    return Field_Kind_descriptor();
+  }
+  static inline const ::std::string& Kind_Name(Kind value) {
+    return Field_Kind_Name(value);
+  }
+  static inline bool Kind_Parse(const ::std::string& name,
+      Kind* value) {
+    return Field_Kind_Parse(name, value);
+  }
+
+  typedef Field_Cardinality Cardinality;
+  static const Cardinality CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN = Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN;
+  static const Cardinality CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL = Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL;
+  static const Cardinality CARDINALITY_REQUIRED = Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REQUIRED;
+  static const Cardinality CARDINALITY_REPEATED = Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED;
+  static inline bool Cardinality_IsValid(int value) {
+    return Field_Cardinality_IsValid(value);
+  }
+  static const Cardinality Cardinality_MIN =
+    Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_MIN;
+  static const Cardinality Cardinality_MAX =
+    Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_MAX;
+  static const int Cardinality_ARRAYSIZE =
+    Field_Cardinality_Cardinality_ARRAYSIZE;
+  static inline const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor*
+  Cardinality_descriptor() {
+    return Field_Cardinality_descriptor();
+  }
+  static inline const ::std::string& Cardinality_Name(Cardinality value) {
+    return Field_Cardinality_Name(value);
+  }
+  static inline bool Cardinality_Parse(const ::std::string& name,
+      Cardinality* value) {
+    return Field_Cardinality_Parse(name, value);
+  }
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
+  void clear_kind();
+  static const int kKindFieldNumber = 1;
+  ::google::protobuf::Field_Kind kind() const;
+  void set_kind(::google::protobuf::Field_Kind value);
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+  void clear_cardinality();
+  static const int kCardinalityFieldNumber = 2;
+  ::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality cardinality() const;
+  void set_cardinality(::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality value);
+
+  // optional int32 number = 3;
+  void clear_number();
+  static const int kNumberFieldNumber = 3;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 number() const;
+  void set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+
+  // optional string name = 4;
+  void clear_name();
+  static const int kNameFieldNumber = 4;
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+
+  // optional string type_url = 6;
+  void clear_type_url();
+  static const int kTypeUrlFieldNumber = 6;
+  const ::std::string& type_url() const;
+  void set_type_url(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_type_url(const char* value);
+  void set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_type_url();
+  ::std::string* release_type_url();
+  void set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url);
+
+  // optional int32 oneof_index = 7;
+  void clear_oneof_index();
+  static const int kOneofIndexFieldNumber = 7;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 oneof_index() const;
+  void set_oneof_index(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+
+  // optional bool packed = 8;
+  void clear_packed();
+  static const int kPackedFieldNumber = 8;
+  bool packed() const;
+  void set_packed(bool value);
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
+  int options_size() const;
+  void clear_options();
+  static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 9;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Option& options(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::Option* mutable_options(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::Option* add_options();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+      options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+      mutable_options();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Field)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  int kind_;
+  int cardinality_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 number_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 oneof_index_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr type_url_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
+  bool packed_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Field* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Enum : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Enum();
+  virtual ~Enum();
+
+  Enum(const Enum& from);
+
+  inline Enum& operator=(const Enum& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Enum& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(Enum* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Enum* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Enum* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Enum& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Enum& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Enum* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+  int enumvalue_size() const;
+  void clear_enumvalue();
+  static const int kEnumvalueFieldNumber = 2;
+  const ::google::protobuf::EnumValue& enumvalue(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumValue* mutable_enumvalue(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::EnumValue* add_enumvalue();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValue >&
+      enumvalue() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValue >*
+      mutable_enumvalue();
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  int options_size() const;
+  void clear_options();
+  static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 3;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Option& options(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::Option* mutable_options(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::Option* add_options();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+      options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+      mutable_options();
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
+  bool has_source_context() const;
+  void clear_source_context();
+  static const int kSourceContextFieldNumber = 4;
+  const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& source_context() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* mutable_source_context();
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* release_source_context();
+  void set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Enum)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValue > enumvalue_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Enum* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  EnumValue();
+  virtual ~EnumValue();
+
+  EnumValue(const EnumValue& from);
+
+  inline EnumValue& operator=(const EnumValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const EnumValue& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(EnumValue* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline EnumValue* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  EnumValue* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const EnumValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const EnumValue& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(EnumValue* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+
+  // optional int32 number = 2;
+  void clear_number();
+  static const int kNumberFieldNumber = 2;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 number() const;
+  void set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+
+  // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+  int options_size() const;
+  void clear_options();
+  static const int kOptionsFieldNumber = 3;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Option& options(int index) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::Option* mutable_options(int index);
+  ::google::protobuf::Option* add_options();
+  const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+      options() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+      mutable_options();
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 number_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static EnumValue* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Option : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Option();
+  virtual ~Option();
+
+  Option(const Option& from);
+
+  inline Option& operator=(const Option& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Option& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(Option* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Option* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Option* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Option& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Option& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Option* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional string name = 1;
+  void clear_name();
+  static const int kNameFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::std::string& name() const;
+  void set_name(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_name(const char* value);
+  void set_name(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_name();
+  ::std::string* release_name();
+  void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+
+  // optional .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
+  bool has_value() const;
+  void clear_value();
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 2;
+  const ::google::protobuf::Any& value() const;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* mutable_value();
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* release_value();
+  void set_allocated_value(::google::protobuf::Any* value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Option)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* value_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Option* default_instance_;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Type
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline void Type::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Type::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Type::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+inline void Type::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+inline void Type::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Type::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Type::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Type::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
+inline int Type::fields_size() const {
+  return fields_.size();
+}
+inline void Type::clear_fields() {
+  fields_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::Field& Type::fields(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return fields_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Field* Type::mutable_fields(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return fields_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Field* Type::add_fields() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return fields_.Add();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Field >&
+Type::fields() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return fields_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Field >*
+Type::mutable_fields() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Type.fields)
+  return &fields_;
+}
+
+// repeated string oneofs = 3;
+inline int Type::oneofs_size() const {
+  return oneofs_.size();
+}
+inline void Type::clear_oneofs() {
+  oneofs_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Type::oneofs(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return oneofs_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::std::string* Type::mutable_oneofs(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return oneofs_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+}
+inline void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const char* value) {
+  oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+inline void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+  oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(
+    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Type::add_oneofs() {
+  return oneofs_.Add();
+}
+inline void Type::add_oneofs(const ::std::string& value) {
+  oneofs_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+inline void Type::add_oneofs(const char* value) {
+  oneofs_.Add()->assign(value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+inline void Type::add_oneofs(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  oneofs_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+Type::oneofs() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return oneofs_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+Type::mutable_oneofs() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
+  return &oneofs_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
+inline int Type::options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+inline void Type::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::Option& Type::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Option* Type::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Option* Type::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+Type::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+Type::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Type.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
+inline bool Type::has_source_context() const {
+  return !_is_default_instance_ && source_context_ != NULL;
+}
+inline void Type::clear_source_context() {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Type::source_context() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_ : *default_instance_->source_context_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Type::mutable_source_context() {
+  
+  if (source_context_ == NULL) {
+    source_context_ = new ::google::protobuf::SourceContext;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+  return source_context_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Type::release_source_context() {
+  
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline void Type::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  if (source_context) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Field
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
+inline void Field::clear_kind() {
+  kind_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Field_Kind Field::kind() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.kind)
+  return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Field_Kind >(kind_);
+}
+inline void Field::set_kind(::google::protobuf::Field_Kind value) {
+  
+  kind_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.kind)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.Field.Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+inline void Field::clear_cardinality() {
+  cardinality_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality Field::cardinality() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.cardinality)
+  return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality >(cardinality_);
+}
+inline void Field::set_cardinality(::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality value) {
+  
+  cardinality_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.cardinality)
+}
+
+// optional int32 number = 3;
+inline void Field::clear_number() {
+  number_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::int32 Field::number() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.number)
+  return number_;
+}
+inline void Field::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  
+  number_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.number)
+}
+
+// optional string name = 4;
+inline void Field::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Field::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Field::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+inline void Field::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+inline void Field::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Field::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Field::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Field::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
+
+// optional string type_url = 6;
+inline void Field::clear_type_url() {
+  type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Field::type_url() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+  return type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Field::set_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+inline void Field::set_type_url(const char* value) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+inline void Field::set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Field::mutable_type_url() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+  return type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Field::release_type_url() {
+  
+  return type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Field::set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url) {
+  if (type_url != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), type_url);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
+
+// optional int32 oneof_index = 7;
+inline void Field::clear_oneof_index() {
+  oneof_index_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::int32 Field::oneof_index() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.oneof_index)
+  return oneof_index_;
+}
+inline void Field::set_oneof_index(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  
+  oneof_index_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.oneof_index)
+}
+
+// optional bool packed = 8;
+inline void Field::clear_packed() {
+  packed_ = false;
+}
+inline bool Field::packed() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.packed)
+  return packed_;
+}
+inline void Field::set_packed(bool value) {
+  
+  packed_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.packed)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
+inline int Field::options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+inline void Field::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::Option& Field::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Option* Field::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Option* Field::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+Field::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+Field::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Field.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Enum
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline void Enum::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Enum::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Enum::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+inline void Enum::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+inline void Enum::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Enum::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Enum::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Enum::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+inline int Enum::enumvalue_size() const {
+  return enumvalue_.size();
+}
+inline void Enum::clear_enumvalue() {
+  enumvalue_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::EnumValue& Enum::enumvalue(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return enumvalue_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::EnumValue* Enum::mutable_enumvalue(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return enumvalue_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::EnumValue* Enum::add_enumvalue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return enumvalue_.Add();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValue >&
+Enum::enumvalue() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return enumvalue_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValue >*
+Enum::mutable_enumvalue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Enum.enumvalue)
+  return &enumvalue_;
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+inline int Enum::options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+inline void Enum::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::Option& Enum::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Option* Enum::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Option* Enum::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+Enum::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+Enum::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Enum.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
+inline bool Enum::has_source_context() const {
+  return !_is_default_instance_ && source_context_ != NULL;
+}
+inline void Enum::clear_source_context() {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Enum::source_context() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_ : *default_instance_->source_context_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Enum::mutable_source_context() {
+  
+  if (source_context_ == NULL) {
+    source_context_ = new ::google::protobuf::SourceContext;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+  return source_context_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Enum::release_source_context() {
+  
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline void Enum::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  delete source_context_;
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  if (source_context) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// EnumValue
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline void EnumValue::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& EnumValue::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void EnumValue::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+inline void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+inline void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+inline ::std::string* EnumValue::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* EnumValue::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void EnumValue::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
+
+// optional int32 number = 2;
+inline void EnumValue::clear_number() {
+  number_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::int32 EnumValue::number() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValue.number)
+  return number_;
+}
+inline void EnumValue::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  
+  number_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValue.number)
+}
+
+// repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
+inline int EnumValue::options_size() const {
+  return options_.size();
+}
+inline void EnumValue::clear_options() {
+  options_.Clear();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::Option& EnumValue::options(int index) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return options_.Get(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Option* EnumValue::mutable_options(int index) {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return options_.Mutable(index);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Option* EnumValue::add_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return options_.Add();
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >&
+EnumValue::options() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return options_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option >*
+EnumValue::mutable_options() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.EnumValue.options)
+  return &options_;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Option
+
+// optional string name = 1;
+inline void Option::clear_name() {
+  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& Option::name() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Option::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+inline void Option::set_name(const char* value) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+inline void Option::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+inline ::std::string* Option::mutable_name() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Option::release_name() {
+  
+  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void Option::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
+
+// optional .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
+inline bool Option::has_value() const {
+  return !_is_default_instance_ && value_ != NULL;
+}
+inline void Option::clear_value() {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && value_ != NULL) delete value_;
+  value_ = NULL;
+}
+inline const ::google::protobuf::Any& Option::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+  return value_ != NULL ? *value_ : *default_instance_->value_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Any* Option::mutable_value() {
+  
+  if (value_ == NULL) {
+    value_ = new ::google::protobuf::Any;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::Any* Option::release_value() {
+  
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* temp = value_;
+  value_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+inline void Option::set_allocated_value(::google::protobuf::Any* value) {
+  delete value_;
+  value_ = value;
+  if (value) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+#ifndef SWIG
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< ::google::protobuf::Field_Kind> : ::google::protobuf::internal::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< ::google::protobuf::Field_Kind>() {
+  return ::google::protobuf::Field_Kind_descriptor();
+}
+template <> struct is_proto_enum< ::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality> : ::google::protobuf::internal::true_type {};
+template <>
+inline const EnumDescriptor* GetEnumDescriptor< ::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality>() {
+  return ::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_descriptor();
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // SWIG
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto__INCLUDED
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/type.proto b/src/google/protobuf/type.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce22d33d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/type.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/source_context.proto";
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "TypeProto";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+
+// A light-weight descriptor for a proto message type.
+message Type {
+  // The fully qualified message name.
+  string name = 1;
+
+  // The list of fields.
+  repeated Field fields = 2;
+
+  // The list of oneof definitions.
+  // The list of oneofs declared in this Type
+  repeated string oneofs = 3;
+
+  // The proto options.
+  repeated Option options = 4;
+
+  // The source context.
+  SourceContext source_context = 5;
+}
+
+// Field represents a single field of a message type.
+message Field {
+  // Kind represents a basic field type.
+  enum Kind {
+    // Field type unknown.
+    TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0;
+
+    // Field type double.
+    TYPE_DOUBLE = 1;
+
+    // Field type float.
+    TYPE_FLOAT = 2;
+
+    // Field type int64.
+    TYPE_INT64 = 3;
+
+    // Field type uint64.
+    TYPE_UINT64 = 4;
+
+    // Field type int32.
+    TYPE_INT32 = 5;
+
+    // Field type fixed64.
+    TYPE_FIXED64 = 6;
+
+    // Field type fixed32.
+    TYPE_FIXED32 = 7;
+
+    // Field type bool.
+    TYPE_BOOL = 8;
+
+    // Field type string.
+    TYPE_STRING = 9;
+
+    // Field type message.
+    TYPE_MESSAGE = 11;
+
+    // Field type bytes.
+    TYPE_BYTES = 12;
+
+    // Field type uint32.
+    TYPE_UINT32 = 13;
+
+    // Field type enum.
+    TYPE_ENUM = 14;
+
+    // Field type sfixed32.
+    TYPE_SFIXED32 = 15;
+
+    // Field type sfixed64.
+    TYPE_SFIXED64 = 16;
+
+    // Field type sint32.
+    TYPE_SINT32 = 17;
+
+    // Field type sint64.
+    TYPE_SINT64 = 18;
+  }
+
+  // Cardinality represents whether a field is optional, required, or
+  // repeated.
+  enum Cardinality {
+    // The field cardinality is unknown. Typically an error condition.
+    CARDINALITY_UNKNOWN = 0;
+
+    // For optional fields.
+    CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL = 1;
+
+    // For required fields. Not used for proto3.
+    CARDINALITY_REQUIRED = 2;
+
+    // For repeated fields.
+    CARDINALITY_REPEATED = 3;
+  }
+
+  // The field kind.
+  Kind kind = 1;
+
+  // The field cardinality, i.e. optional/required/repeated.
+  Cardinality cardinality = 2;
+
+  // The proto field number.
+  int32 number = 3;
+
+  // The field name.
+  string name = 4;
+
+  // The type URL (without the scheme) when the type is MESSAGE or ENUM,
+  // such as `type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Empty`.
+  string type_url = 6;
+
+  // Index in Type.oneofs. Starts at 1. Zero means no oneof mapping.
+  int32 oneof_index = 7;
+
+  // Whether to use alternative packed wire representation.
+  bool packed = 8;
+
+  // The proto options.
+  repeated Option options = 9;
+}
+
+// Enum type definition.
+message Enum {
+  // Enum type name.
+  string name = 1;
+
+  // Enum value definitions.
+  repeated EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
+
+  // Proto options for the enum type.
+  repeated Option options = 3;
+
+  // The source context.
+  SourceContext source_context = 4;
+}
+
+// Enum value definition.
+message EnumValue {
+  // Enum value name.
+  string name = 1;
+
+  // Enum value number.
+  int32 number = 2;
+
+  // Proto options for the enum value.
+  repeated Option options = 3;
+}
+
+// Proto option attached to messages/fields/enums etc.
+message Option {
+  // Proto option name.
+  string name = 1;
+
+  // Proto option value.
+  Any value = 2;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
index 745f77c5..85fe6153 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@ message TestAllTypes {
 message NestedTestAllTypes {
   optional NestedTestAllTypes child = 1;
   optional TestAllTypes payload = 2;
+  repeated NestedTestAllTypes repeated_child = 3;
 }
 
 message TestDeprecatedFields {
@@ -202,6 +203,11 @@ enum ForeignEnum {
   FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
 }
 
+message TestReservedFields {
+  reserved 2, 15, 9 to 11;
+  reserved "bar", "baz";
+}
+
 message TestAllExtensions {
   extensions 1 to max;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.proto
index 66b31acf..8aa3a37b 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_drop_unknown_fields.proto
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@
 syntax = "proto3";
 
 package unittest_drop_unknown_fields;
+option objc_class_prefix = "DropUnknowns";
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
 
 message Foo {
   enum NestedEnum {
@@ -38,8 +41,8 @@ message Foo {
     BAR = 1;
     BAZ = 2;
   }
-  optional int32 int32_value = 1;
-  optional NestedEnum enum_value = 2;
+  int32 int32_value = 1;
+  NestedEnum enum_value = 2;
 }
 
 message FooWithExtraFields {
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ message FooWithExtraFields {
     BAZ = 2;
     QUX = 3;
   }
-  optional int32 int32_value = 1;
-  optional NestedEnum enum_value = 2;
-  optional int32 extra_int32_value = 3;
+  int32 int32_value = 1;
+  NestedEnum enum_value = 2;
+  int32 extra_int32_value = 3;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto
index 2250261d..6e65dc18 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_enormous_descriptor.proto
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@
 //  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
 //
 // A proto file that has an extremely large descriptor.  Used to test that
-// descriptors over 64k don't break the string literal length limit in Java.
+// descriptors over 64k don't break language-specific limits in generated code,
+// such as the string literal length limit in Java.
 
 syntax = "proto2";
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_proto3.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59673eaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file which is imported by unittest_proto3.proto to test importing.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do
+// "using namespace unittest_import = protobuf_unittest_import".
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+
+// Exercise the java_package option.
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+// Do not set a java_outer_classname here to verify that Proto2 works without
+// one.
+
+// Test public import
+import public "google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto";
+
+message ImportMessage {
+  int32 d = 1;
+}
+
+enum ImportEnum {
+  IMPORT_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  IMPORT_FOO = 7;
+  IMPORT_BAR = 8;
+  IMPORT_BAZ = 9;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6f11e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_import_public_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf_unittest_import;
+
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+message PublicImportMessage {
+ int32 e = 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto
index 1a420838..36fb8656 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_arena.proto
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ message TestAllTypes {
   optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
       optional_public_import_message = 26;
 
-  optional NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+  optional NestedMessage optional_message = 27 [lazy=true];
 
   // Repeated
   repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ message TestAllTypes {
     NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
     string oneof_string = 113;
     bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+    NestedMessage lazy_oneof_nested_message = 115 [lazy=true];
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.proto
index e04da0ac..994afff4 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_no_field_presence.proto
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ package proto2_nofieldpresence_unittest;
 // forms.
 message TestAllTypes {
   message NestedMessage {
-    optional int32 bb = 1;
+    int32 bb = 1;
   }
 
   enum NestedEnum {
@@ -53,36 +53,36 @@ message TestAllTypes {
   // Singular
   // TODO: remove 'optional' labels as soon as CL 69188077 is LGTM'd to make
   // 'optional' optional.
-  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
-  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
-  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
-  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
-  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
-  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
-  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
-  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
-  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
-  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
-  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
-  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
-  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
-  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
-  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
-
-  optional NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
-  optional ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
-  optional protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes         optional_proto2_message = 20;
-
-  optional NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
-  optional ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+     int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+     int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+    uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+    uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+    sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+    sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+   fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+   fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+     float optional_float    = 11;
+    double optional_double   = 12;
+      bool optional_bool     = 13;
+    string optional_string   = 14;
+     bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes         optional_proto2_message = 20;
+
+  NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
   // N.B.: proto2-enum-type fields not allowed, because their default values
   // might not be zero.
   //optional protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum          optional_proto2_enum     = 23;
 
-  optional string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
-  optional string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+  string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
 
-  optional NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 30 [lazy=true];
+  NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 30 [lazy=true];
 
   // Repeated
   repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
@@ -122,13 +122,13 @@ message TestAllTypes {
 }
 
 message TestProto2Required {
-  optional protobuf_unittest.TestRequired proto2 = 1;
+  protobuf_unittest.TestRequired proto2 = 1;
 }
 
 // Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
 // that.
 message ForeignMessage {
-  optional int32 c = 1;
+  int32 c = 1;
 }
 
 enum ForeignEnum {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.proto
index ba050d70..2f91332c 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum.proto
@@ -30,7 +30,10 @@
 
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-package proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest;
+package proto3_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest;
+option objc_class_prefix = "UnknownEnums";
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
 
 enum MyEnum {
   FOO = 0;
@@ -46,21 +49,23 @@ enum MyEnumPlusExtra {
 }
 
 message MyMessage {
-  optional MyEnum e = 1;
+  MyEnum e = 1;
   repeated MyEnum repeated_e = 2;
   repeated MyEnum repeated_packed_e = 3 [packed=true];
+  repeated MyEnumPlusExtra repeated_packed_unexpected_e = 4;  // not packed
   oneof o {
-    MyEnum oneof_e_1 = 4;
-    MyEnum oneof_e_2 = 5;
+    MyEnum oneof_e_1 = 5;
+    MyEnum oneof_e_2 = 6;
   }
 }
 
 message MyMessagePlusExtra {
-  optional MyEnumPlusExtra e = 1;
+  MyEnumPlusExtra e = 1;
   repeated MyEnumPlusExtra repeated_e = 2;
   repeated MyEnumPlusExtra repeated_packed_e = 3 [packed=true];
+  repeated MyEnumPlusExtra repeated_packed_unexpected_e = 4 [packed=true];
   oneof o {
-    MyEnumPlusExtra oneof_e_1 = 4;
-    MyEnumPlusExtra oneof_e_2 = 5;
+    MyEnumPlusExtra oneof_e_1 = 5;
+    MyEnumPlusExtra oneof_e_2 = 6;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..adf42968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_preserve_unknown_enum2.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package proto2_preserve_unknown_enum_unittest;
+
+enum MyEnum {
+  FOO = 0;
+  BAR = 1;
+  BAZ = 2;
+}
+
+message MyMessage {
+  optional MyEnum e = 1;
+  repeated MyEnum repeated_e = 2;
+  repeated MyEnum repeated_packed_e = 3 [packed=true];
+  repeated MyEnum repeated_packed_unexpected_e = 4;  // not packed
+  oneof o {
+    MyEnum oneof_e_1 = 5;
+    MyEnum oneof_e_2 = 6;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f59d2178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// A proto file we will use for unit testing.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+// Some generic_services option(s) added automatically.
+// See:  http://go/proto2-generic-services-default
+option cc_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option java_generic_services = true;   // auto-added
+option py_generic_services = true;     // auto-added
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+
+import "google/protobuf/unittest_import_proto3.proto";
+
+// We don't put this in a package within proto2 because we need to make sure
+// that the generated code doesn't depend on being in the proto2 namespace.
+// In test_util.h we do "using namespace unittest = protobuf_unittest".
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+// Protos optimized for SPEED use a strict superset of the generated code
+// of equivalent ones optimized for CODE_SIZE, so we should optimize all our
+// tests for speed unless explicitly testing code size optimization.
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+option java_outer_classname = "UnittestProto";
+
+// This proto includes every type of field in both singular and repeated
+// forms.
+message TestAllTypes {
+  message NestedMessage {
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    NESTED_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
+    NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
+  }
+
+  // Singular
+  int32 single_int32 = 1;
+  int64 single_int64 = 2;
+  uint32 single_uint32 = 3;
+  uint64 single_uint64 = 4;
+  sint32 single_sint32 = 5;
+  sint64 single_sint64 = 6;
+  fixed32 single_fixed32 = 7;
+  fixed64 single_fixed64 = 8;
+  sfixed32 single_sfixed32 = 9;
+  sfixed64 single_sfixed64 = 10;
+  float single_float = 11;
+  double single_double = 12;
+  bool single_bool = 13;
+  string single_string = 14;
+  bytes single_bytes = 15;
+
+  NestedMessage single_nested_message = 18;
+  ForeignMessage single_foreign_message = 19;
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage single_import_message = 20;
+
+  NestedEnum single_nested_enum = 21;
+  ForeignEnum single_foreign_enum = 22;
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum single_import_enum = 23;
+
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      single_public_import_message = 26;
+
+  // Repeated
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    = 32;
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   = 33;
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   = 34;
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   = 35;
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   = 36;
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  = 37;
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  = 38;
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 = 39;
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 40;
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 41;
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 42;
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 43;
+  repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
+  repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
+
+  repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
+  repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage repeated_import_message  = 50;
+
+  repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
+  repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum     = 53;
+  // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
+  repeated protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+      repeated_public_import_message = 54;
+
+  // For oneof test
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    uint32 oneof_uint32 = 111;
+    NestedMessage oneof_nested_message = 112;
+    string oneof_string = 113;
+    bytes oneof_bytes = 114;
+  }
+}
+
+// This proto includes a recusively nested message.
+message NestedTestAllTypes {
+  NestedTestAllTypes child = 1;
+  TestAllTypes payload = 2;
+  repeated NestedTestAllTypes repeated_child = 3;
+}
+
+message TestDeprecatedFields {
+  int32 deprecated_int32 = 1 [deprecated=true];
+}
+
+// Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
+// that.
+message ForeignMessage {
+  int32 c = 1;
+}
+
+enum ForeignEnum {
+  FOREIGN_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
+}
+
+message TestReservedFields {
+  reserved 2, 15, 9 to 11;
+  reserved "bar", "baz";
+}
+
+
+// Test that we can use NestedMessage from outside TestAllTypes.
+message TestForeignNested {
+  TestAllTypes.NestedMessage foreign_nested = 1;
+}
+
+// Test that really large tag numbers don't break anything.
+message TestReallyLargeTagNumber {
+  // The largest possible tag number is 2^28 - 1, since the wire format uses
+  // three bits to communicate wire type.
+  int32 a = 1;
+  int32 bb = 268435455;
+}
+
+message TestRecursiveMessage {
+  TestRecursiveMessage a = 1;
+  int32 i = 2;
+}
+
+// Test that mutual recursion works.
+message TestMutualRecursionA {
+  TestMutualRecursionB bb = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMutualRecursionB {
+  TestMutualRecursionA a = 1;
+  int32 optional_int32 = 2;
+}
+
+
+// Test an enum that has multiple values with the same number.
+enum TestEnumWithDupValue {
+  TEST_ENUM_WITH_DUP_VALUE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  option allow_alias = true;
+
+  FOO1 = 1;
+  BAR1 = 2;
+  BAZ = 3;
+  FOO2 = 1;
+  BAR2 = 2;
+}
+
+// Test an enum with large, unordered values.
+enum TestSparseEnum {
+  TEST_SPARSE_ENUM_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  SPARSE_A = 123;
+  SPARSE_B = 62374;
+  SPARSE_C = 12589234;
+  SPARSE_D = -15;
+  SPARSE_E = -53452;
+  // In proto3, value 0 must be the first one specified
+  // SPARSE_F = 0;
+  SPARSE_G = 2;
+}
+
+// Test message with CamelCase field names.  This violates Protocol Buffer
+// standard style.
+message TestCamelCaseFieldNames {
+  int32 PrimitiveField = 1;
+  string StringField = 2;
+  ForeignEnum EnumField = 3;
+  ForeignMessage MessageField = 4;
+
+  repeated int32 RepeatedPrimitiveField = 7;
+  repeated string RepeatedStringField = 8;
+  repeated ForeignEnum RepeatedEnumField = 9;
+  repeated ForeignMessage RepeatedMessageField = 10;
+}
+
+
+// We list fields out of order, to ensure that we're using field number and not
+// field index to determine serialization order.
+message TestFieldOrderings {
+  string my_string = 11;
+  int64 my_int = 1;
+  float my_float = 101;
+  message NestedMessage {
+    int64 oo = 2;
+    // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
+    // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
+    // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
+    int32 bb = 1;
+  }
+
+  NestedMessage single_nested_message  = 200;
+}
+
+message SparseEnumMessage {
+  TestSparseEnum sparse_enum = 1;
+}
+
+// Test String and Bytes: string is for valid UTF-8 strings
+message OneString {
+  string data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreString {
+  repeated string data = 1;
+}
+
+message OneBytes {
+  bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+message MoreBytes {
+  bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+// Test int32, uint32, int64, uint64, and bool are all compatible
+message Int32Message {
+  int32 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Uint32Message {
+  uint32 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Int64Message {
+  int64 data = 1;
+}
+
+message Uint64Message {
+  uint64 data = 1;
+}
+
+message BoolMessage {
+  bool data = 1;
+}
+
+// Test oneofs.
+message TestOneof {
+  oneof foo {
+    int32 foo_int = 1;
+    string foo_string = 2;
+    TestAllTypes foo_message = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// A message with the same fields as TestPackedTypes, but without packing. Used
+// to test packed <-> unpacked wire compatibility.
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 unpacked_int32    =  90 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 unpacked_int64    =  91 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 unpacked_uint32   =  92 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 unpacked_uint64   =  93 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 unpacked_sint32   =  94 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 unpacked_sint64   =  95 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 unpacked_fixed32  =  96 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 unpacked_fixed64  =  97 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 unpacked_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 unpacked_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float unpacked_float    = 100 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double unpacked_double   = 101 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool unpacked_bool     = 102 [packed = false];
+  repeated ForeignEnum unpacked_enum  = 103 [packed = false];
+}
+
+message TestRepeatedScalarDifferentTagSizes {
+  // Parsing repeated fixed size values used to fail. This message needs to be
+  // used in order to get a tag of the right size; all of the repeated fields
+  // in TestAllTypes didn't trigger the check.
+  repeated fixed32 repeated_fixed32 = 12;
+  // Check for a varint type, just for good measure.
+  repeated int32   repeated_int32   = 13;
+
+  // These have two-byte tags.
+  repeated fixed64 repeated_fixed64 = 2046;
+  repeated int64   repeated_int64   = 2047;
+
+  // Three byte tags.
+  repeated float   repeated_float   = 262142;
+  repeated uint64  repeated_uint64  = 262143;
+}
+
+message TestCommentInjectionMessage {
+  // */ <- This should not close the generated doc comment
+  string a = 1;
+}
+
+
+// Test that RPC services work.
+message FooRequest  {}
+message FooResponse {}
+
+message FooClientMessage {}
+message FooServerMessage{}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Foo(FooRequest) returns (FooResponse);
+  rpc Bar(BarRequest) returns (BarResponse);
+}
+
+
+message BarRequest  {}
+message BarResponse {}
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.proto
index 53f23d87..b835a6ba 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.proto
@@ -43,52 +43,59 @@ message TestAllTypes {
     // The field name "b" fails to compile in proto1 because it conflicts with
     // a local variable named "b" in one of the generated methods.  Doh.
     // This file needs to compile in proto1 to test backwards-compatibility.
-    optional int32 bb = 1;
+    int32 bb = 1;
   }
 
   enum NestedEnum {
-    FOO = 0;
-    BAR = 1;
-    BAZ = 2;
+    ZERO = 0;
+    FOO = 1;
+    BAR = 2;
+    BAZ = 3;
     NEG = -1;  // Intentionally negative.
   }
 
   // Singular
-  optional    int32 optional_int32    =  1;
-  optional    int64 optional_int64    =  2;
-  optional   uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
-  optional   uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
-  optional   sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
-  optional   sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
-  optional  fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
-  optional  fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
-  optional sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
-  optional sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
-  optional    float optional_float    = 11;
-  optional   double optional_double   = 12;
-  optional     bool optional_bool     = 13;
-  optional   string optional_string   = 14;
-  optional    bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
-
-  optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
-    optional int32 a = 17;
-  }
-
-  optional NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
-  optional ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
-  optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_import_message  = 20;
-
-  optional NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
-  optional ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
-
-  optional string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
-  optional string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
+     int32 optional_int32    =  1;
+     int64 optional_int64    =  2;
+    uint32 optional_uint32   =  3;
+    uint64 optional_uint64   =  4;
+    sint32 optional_sint32   =  5;
+    sint64 optional_sint64   =  6;
+   fixed32 optional_fixed32  =  7;
+   fixed64 optional_fixed64  =  8;
+  sfixed32 optional_sfixed32 =  9;
+  sfixed64 optional_sfixed64 = 10;
+     float optional_float    = 11;
+    double optional_double   = 12;
+      bool optional_bool     = 13;
+    string optional_string   = 14;
+     bytes optional_bytes    = 15;
+
+  // Groups are not allowed in proto3.
+  // optional group OptionalGroup = 16 {
+  //   optional int32 a = 17;
+  // }
+
+  NestedMessage                        optional_nested_message  = 18;
+  ForeignMessage                       optional_foreign_message = 19;
+  protobuf_unittest_import.ImportMessage optional_import_message  = 20;
+
+  NestedEnum                           optional_nested_enum     = 21;
+  ForeignEnum                          optional_foreign_enum    = 22;
+
+  // Omitted (compared to unittest.proto) because proto2 enums are not allowed
+  // inside proto2 messages.
+  //
+  // optional protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    optional_import_enum  = 23;
+
+  string optional_string_piece = 24 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
+  string optional_cord = 25 [ctype=CORD];
 
   // Defined in unittest_import_public.proto
-  optional protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
+  protobuf_unittest_import.PublicImportMessage
       optional_public_import_message = 26;
 
-  optional NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
+  NestedMessage optional_lazy_message = 27 [lazy=true];
 
   // Repeated
   repeated    int32 repeated_int32    = 31;
@@ -107,9 +114,10 @@ message TestAllTypes {
   repeated   string repeated_string   = 44;
   repeated    bytes repeated_bytes    = 45;
 
-  repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
-    optional int32 a = 47;
-  }
+  // Groups are not allowed in proto3.
+  // repeated group RepeatedGroup = 46 {
+  //   optional int32 a = 47;
+  // }
 
   repeated NestedMessage                        repeated_nested_message  = 48;
   repeated ForeignMessage                       repeated_foreign_message = 49;
@@ -118,6 +126,11 @@ message TestAllTypes {
   repeated NestedEnum                           repeated_nested_enum     = 51;
   repeated ForeignEnum                          repeated_foreign_enum    = 52;
 
+  // Omitted (compared to unittest.proto) because proto2 enums are not allowed
+  // inside proto2 messages.
+  //
+  // repeated protobuf_unittest_import.ImportEnum    repeated_import_enum  = 53;
+
   repeated string repeated_string_piece = 54 [ctype=STRING_PIECE];
   repeated string repeated_cord = 55 [ctype=CORD];
 
@@ -131,14 +144,63 @@ message TestAllTypes {
   }
 }
 
+// Test messages for packed fields
+
+message TestPackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 packed_int32    =  90 [packed = true];
+  repeated    int64 packed_int64    =  91 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint32 packed_uint32   =  92 [packed = true];
+  repeated   uint64 packed_uint64   =  93 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint32 packed_sint32   =  94 [packed = true];
+  repeated   sint64 packed_sint64   =  95 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed32 packed_fixed32  =  96 [packed = true];
+  repeated  fixed64 packed_fixed64  =  97 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed32 packed_sfixed32 =  98 [packed = true];
+  repeated sfixed64 packed_sfixed64 =  99 [packed = true];
+  repeated    float packed_float    = 100 [packed = true];
+  repeated   double packed_double   = 101 [packed = true];
+  repeated     bool packed_bool     = 102 [packed = true];
+  repeated ForeignEnum packed_enum  = 103 [packed = true];
+}
+
+// Explicitly set packed to false
+message TestUnpackedTypes {
+  repeated    int32 repeated_int32    =  1 [packed = false];
+  repeated    int64 repeated_int64    =  2 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint32 repeated_uint32   =  3 [packed = false];
+  repeated   uint64 repeated_uint64   =  4 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint32 repeated_sint32   =  5 [packed = false];
+  repeated   sint64 repeated_sint64   =  6 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed32 repeated_fixed32  =  7 [packed = false];
+  repeated  fixed64 repeated_fixed64  =  8 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed32 repeated_sfixed32 =  9 [packed = false];
+  repeated sfixed64 repeated_sfixed64 = 10 [packed = false];
+  repeated    float repeated_float    = 11 [packed = false];
+  repeated   double repeated_double   = 12 [packed = false];
+  repeated     bool repeated_bool     = 13 [packed = false];
+  repeated TestAllTypes.NestedEnum repeated_nested_enum = 14 [packed = false];
+}
+
+// This proto includes a recusively nested message.
+message NestedTestAllTypes {
+  NestedTestAllTypes child = 1;
+  TestAllTypes payload = 2;
+}
+
 // Define these after TestAllTypes to make sure the compiler can handle
 // that.
 message ForeignMessage {
-  optional int32 c = 1;
+  int32 c = 1;
 }
 
 enum ForeignEnum {
-  FOREIGN_FOO = 0;
-  FOREIGN_BAR = 1;
-  FOREIGN_BAZ = 2;
+  FOREIGN_ZERO = 0;
+  FOREIGN_FOO = 4;
+  FOREIGN_BAR = 5;
+  FOREIGN_BAZ = 6;
 }
+
+// TestEmptyMessage is used to test behavior of unknown fields.
+message TestEmptyMessage {
+}
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2cb7775c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.TestProtos";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.test";
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/api.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/source_context.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/type.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+// Test that we can include all well-known types.
+// Each wrapper type is included separately, as languages
+// map handle different wrappers in different ways.
+message TestWellKnownTypes {
+  google.protobuf.Any any_field = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Api api_field = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Duration duration_field = 3;
+  google.protobuf.Empty empty_field = 4;
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask field_mask_field = 5;
+  google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context_field = 6;
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct_field = 7;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_field = 8;
+  google.protobuf.Type type_field = 9;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field = 10;
+  google.protobuf.FloatValue float_field = 11;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field = 12;
+  google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_field = 13;
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_field = 14;
+  google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_field = 15;
+  google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_field = 16;
+  google.protobuf.StringValue string_field = 17;
+  google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_field = 18;
+}
+
+// A repeated field for each well-known type.
+message RepeatedWellKnownTypes {
+  repeated google.protobuf.Any any_field = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Api api_field = 2;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Duration duration_field = 3;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Empty empty_field = 4;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FieldMask field_mask_field = 5;
+  repeated google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context_field = 6;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Struct struct_field = 7;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_field = 8;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Type type_field = 9;
+  // These don't actually make a lot of sense, but they're not prohibited...
+  repeated google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field = 10;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FloatValue float_field = 11;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field = 12;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_field = 13;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_field = 14;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_field = 15;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_field = 16;
+  repeated google.protobuf.StringValue string_field = 17;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_field = 18;
+}
+
+message OneofWellKnownTypes {
+  oneof oneof_field {
+    google.protobuf.Any any_field = 1;
+    google.protobuf.Api api_field = 2;
+    google.protobuf.Duration duration_field = 3;
+    google.protobuf.Empty empty_field = 4;
+    google.protobuf.FieldMask field_mask_field = 5;
+    google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context_field = 6;
+    google.protobuf.Struct struct_field = 7;
+    google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp_field = 8;
+    google.protobuf.Type type_field = 9;
+    google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_field = 10;
+    google.protobuf.FloatValue float_field = 11;
+    google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_field = 12;
+    google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_field = 13;
+    google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_field = 14;
+    google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_field = 15;
+    google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_field = 16;
+    google.protobuf.StringValue string_field = 17;
+    google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_field = 18;
+  }
+}
+
+// A map field for each well-known type. We only
+// need to worry about the value part of the map being the
+// well-known types, as messages can't be map keys.
+message MapWellKnownTypes {
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Any> any_field = 1;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Api> api_field = 2;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Duration> duration_field = 3;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Empty> empty_field = 4;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.FieldMask> field_mask_field = 5;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.SourceContext> source_context_field = 6;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Struct> struct_field = 7;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Timestamp> timestamp_field = 8;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Type> type_field = 9;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.DoubleValue> double_field = 10;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.FloatValue> float_field = 11;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Int64Value> int64_field = 12;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.UInt64Value> uint64_field = 13;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.Int32Value> int32_field = 14;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.UInt32Value> uint32_field = 15;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.BoolValue> bool_field = 16;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.StringValue> string_field = 17;
+  map<int32,google.protobuf.BytesValue> bytes_field = 18;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unknown_enum_impl.h b/src/google/protobuf/unknown_enum_impl.h
index fb5380aa..39c10cbc 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unknown_enum_impl.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unknown_enum_impl.h
@@ -99,6 +99,29 @@ bool GetRepeatedEnumUnknowns_Template(
 }
 
 // NOTE: You should not call these functions directly.  Instead use
+// CLEAR_UNKNOWN_ENUM(), defined in the public header.  The macro-versions
+// operate in a type-safe manner and behave appropriately for the proto
+// version of the message, whereas these versions assume a specific proto
+// version and allow the caller to pass in any arbitrary integer value as a
+// field number.
+//
+// Clears the unknown entries of the given field of the message.
+void ClearUnknownEnum(Message* message, int32 field_number);
+// In proto1, clears the field if the value is out of range.
+// TODO(karner): Delete this or make it proto2-only once the migration
+// to proto2 is complete.
+void ClearUnknownEnumProto1(Message* message, int32 field_number);
+template <typename T>
+void ClearUnknownEnum_Template(T* message, int32 field_number) {
+  if (internal::is_base_of<bridge::internal::Proto1CompatibleMessage, T>::value ||
+      !internal::is_base_of<ProtocolMessage, T>::value) {
+    ClearUnknownEnum(message, field_number);
+  } else {
+    ClearUnknownEnumProto1(message, field_number);
+  }
+}
+
+// NOTE: You should not call these functions directly.  Instead use
 // SET_UNKNOWN_ENUM(), defined in the public header.  The macro-versions
 // operate in a type-safe manner and behave appropriately for the proto
 // version of the message, whereas these versions assume a specific proto
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unknown_enum_test.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unknown_enum_test.proto
index caafadcd..0ea1ede3 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unknown_enum_test.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unknown_enum_test.proto
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ syntax = "proto2";
 
 package google.protobuf.util;
 
-
 message DownRevision {
   enum Enum {
     DEFAULT_VALUE = 2;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc b/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc
index e15280c8..93f0f206 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc
@@ -50,8 +50,13 @@ namespace {
 // instantiate the UnknownFieldSet dynamically only when required.
 UnknownFieldSet* default_unknown_field_set_instance_ = NULL;
 
+void DeleteDefaultUnknownFieldSet() {
+  delete default_unknown_field_set_instance_;
+}
+
 void InitDefaultUnknownFieldSet() {
   default_unknown_field_set_instance_ = new UnknownFieldSet();
+  internal::OnShutdown(&DeleteDefaultUnknownFieldSet);
 }
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(default_unknown_field_set_once_init_);
@@ -93,7 +98,7 @@ void UnknownFieldSet::InternalMergeFrom(const UnknownFieldSet& other) {
     fields_ = new vector<UnknownField>();
     for (int i = 0; i < other_field_count; i++) {
       fields_->push_back((*other.fields_)[i]);
-      fields_->back().DeepCopy();
+      fields_->back().DeepCopy((*other.fields_)[i]);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -104,7 +109,7 @@ void UnknownFieldSet::MergeFrom(const UnknownFieldSet& other) {
     if (fields_ == NULL) fields_ = new vector<UnknownField>();
     for (int i = 0; i < other_field_count; i++) {
       fields_->push_back((*other.fields_)[i]);
-      fields_->back().DeepCopy();
+      fields_->back().DeepCopy((*other.fields_)[i]);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -202,7 +207,7 @@ UnknownFieldSet* UnknownFieldSet::AddGroup(int number) {
 void UnknownFieldSet::AddField(const UnknownField& field) {
   if (fields_ == NULL) fields_ = new vector<UnknownField>();
   fields_->push_back(field);
-  fields_->back().DeepCopy();
+  fields_->back().DeepCopy(field);
 }
 
 void UnknownFieldSet::DeleteSubrange(int start, int num) {
@@ -303,7 +308,7 @@ void UnknownField::Reset() {
   }
 }
 
-void UnknownField::DeepCopy() {
+void UnknownField::DeepCopy(const UnknownField& other) {
   switch (type()) {
     case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
       length_delimited_.string_value_ = new string(
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h b/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h
index e8c0a13c..6781cd0f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h
@@ -216,19 +216,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UnknownField {
   void Reset();
 
   // Make a deep copy of any pointers in this UnknownField.
-  void DeepCopy();
+  void DeepCopy(const UnknownField& other);
 
   // Set the wire type of this UnknownField. Should only be used when this
   // UnknownField is being created.
   inline void SetType(Type type);
 
-  uint32 number_;
-  uint32 type_;
-
   union LengthDelimited {
     string* string_value_;
   };
 
+  uint32 number_;
+  uint32 type_;
   union {
     uint64 varint_;
     uint32 fixed32_;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f613265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: ksroka@google.com (Krzysztof Sroka)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+FieldComparator::FieldComparator() {}
+FieldComparator::~FieldComparator() {}
+
+DefaultFieldComparator::DefaultFieldComparator()
+    : float_comparison_(EXACT),
+      treat_nan_as_equal_(false),
+      has_default_tolerance_(false) {
+}
+
+DefaultFieldComparator::~DefaultFieldComparator() {}
+
+FieldComparator::ComparisonResult DefaultFieldComparator::Compare(
+      const google::protobuf::Message& message_1,
+      const google::protobuf::Message& message_2,
+      const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* field,
+      int index_1, int index_2,
+      const google::protobuf::util::FieldContext* field_context) {
+  const Reflection* reflection_1 = message_1.GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* reflection_2 = message_2.GetReflection();
+
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+#define COMPARE_FIELD(METHOD)                                              \
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {                                            \
+      return ResultFromBoolean(Compare##METHOD(                            \
+          *field,                                                          \
+          reflection_1->GetRepeated##METHOD(message_1, field, index_1),    \
+          reflection_2->GetRepeated##METHOD(message_2, field, index_2)));  \
+    } else {                                                               \
+      return ResultFromBoolean(Compare##METHOD(                            \
+          *field,                                                          \
+          reflection_1->Get##METHOD(message_1, field),                     \
+          reflection_2->Get##METHOD(message_2, field)));                   \
+    }                                                                      \
+    break;  // Make sure no fall-through is introduced.
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(Bool);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(Double);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(Enum);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(Float);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(Int32);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(Int64);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(String);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(UInt32);
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      COMPARE_FIELD(UInt64);
+
+#undef COMPARE_FIELD
+
+    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
+      return RECURSE;
+
+    default:
+      GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "No comparison code for field " << field->full_name()
+                 << " of CppType = " << field->cpp_type();
+      return DIFFERENT;
+  }
+}
+
+void DefaultFieldComparator::SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(double fraction,
+                                                         double margin) {
+  default_tolerance_ = Tolerance(fraction, margin);
+  has_default_tolerance_ = true;
+}
+
+void DefaultFieldComparator::SetFractionAndMargin(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                                  double fraction,
+                                                  double margin) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT == field->cpp_type() ||
+        FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE == field->cpp_type())
+      << "Field has to be float or double type. Field name is: "
+      << field->full_name();
+  map_tolerance_[field] = Tolerance(fraction, margin);
+}
+
+bool DefaultFieldComparator::CompareDouble(const FieldDescriptor& field,
+                                           double value_1, double value_2) {
+  return CompareDoubleOrFloat(field, value_1, value_2);
+}
+
+bool DefaultFieldComparator::CompareEnum(const FieldDescriptor& field,
+                                         const EnumValueDescriptor* value_1,
+                                         const EnumValueDescriptor* value_2) {
+  return value_1->number() == value_2->number();
+}
+
+bool DefaultFieldComparator::CompareFloat(const FieldDescriptor& field,
+                                          float value_1, float value_2) {
+  return CompareDoubleOrFloat(field, value_1, value_2);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+bool DefaultFieldComparator::CompareDoubleOrFloat(const FieldDescriptor& field,
+                                                  T value_1, T value_2) {
+  if (value_1 == value_2) {
+    // Covers +inf and -inf (which are not within margin or fraction of
+    // themselves), and is a shortcut for finite values.
+    return true;
+  } else if (float_comparison_ == EXACT) {
+    if (treat_nan_as_equal_ &&
+        MathLimits<T>::IsNaN(value_1) && MathLimits<T>::IsNaN(value_2)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    if (treat_nan_as_equal_ &&
+        MathLimits<T>::IsNaN(value_1) && MathLimits<T>::IsNaN(value_2)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    // float_comparison_ == APPROXIMATE covers two use cases.
+    Tolerance* tolerance = FindOrNull(map_tolerance_, &field);
+    if (tolerance == NULL && has_default_tolerance_) {
+      tolerance = &default_tolerance_;
+    }
+    if (tolerance == NULL) {
+      return MathUtil::AlmostEquals(value_1, value_2);
+    } else {
+      // Use user-provided fraction and margin. Since they are stored as
+      // doubles, we explicitely cast them to types of values provided. This
+      // is very likely to fail if provided values are not numeric.
+      return MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin(
+          value_1, value_2, static_cast<T>(tolerance->fraction),
+          static_cast<T>(tolerance->margin));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+FieldComparator::ComparisonResult DefaultFieldComparator::ResultFromBoolean(
+    bool boolean_result) const {
+  return boolean_result ? FieldComparator::SAME : FieldComparator::DIFFERENT;
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ee676265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: ksroka@google.com (Krzysztof Sroka)
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_FIELD_COMPARATOR_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_FIELD_COMPARATOR_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Message;
+class EnumValueDescriptor;
+class FieldDescriptor;
+
+namespace util {
+
+class FieldContext;
+
+// Base class specifying the interface for comparing protocol buffer fields.
+// Regular users should consider using or subclassing DefaultFieldComparator
+// rather than this interface.
+// Currently, this does not support comparing unknown fields.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldComparator {
+ public:
+  FieldComparator();
+  virtual ~FieldComparator();
+
+  enum ComparisonResult {
+    SAME,       // Compared fields are equal. In case of comparing submessages,
+                // user should not recursively compare their contents.
+    DIFFERENT,  // Compared fields are different. In case of comparing
+                // submessages, user should not recursively compare their
+                // contents.
+    RECURSE,    // Compared submessages need to be compared recursively.
+                // FieldComparator does not specify the semantics of recursive
+                // comparison. This value should not be returned for simple
+                // values.
+  };
+
+  // Compares the values of a field in two protocol buffer messages.
+  // Returns SAME or DIFFERENT for simple values, and SAME, DIFFERENT or RECURSE
+  // for submessages. Returning RECURSE for fields not being submessages is
+  // illegal.
+  // In case the given FieldDescriptor points to a repeated field, the indices
+  // need to be valid. Otherwise they should be ignored.
+  //
+  // FieldContext contains information about the specific instances of the
+  // fields being compared, versus FieldDescriptor which only contains general
+  // type information about the fields.
+  virtual ComparisonResult Compare(
+      const google::protobuf::Message& message_1,
+      const google::protobuf::Message& message_2,
+      const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* field,
+      int index_1, int index_2,
+      const google::protobuf::util::FieldContext* field_context) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(FieldComparator);
+};
+
+// Basic implementation of FieldComparator.  Supports four modes of floating
+// point value comparison: exact, approximate using MathUtil::AlmostEqual
+// method, and arbitrarilly precise using MathUtil::WithinFracionOrMargin.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DefaultFieldComparator : public FieldComparator {
+ public:
+  enum FloatComparison {
+     EXACT,               // Floats and doubles are compared exactly.
+     APPROXIMATE,         // Floats and doubles are compared using the
+                          // MathUtil::AlmostEqual method or
+                          // MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin method.
+     // TODO(ksroka): Introduce third value to differenciate uses of AlmostEqual
+     //               and WithinFractionOrMargin.
+  };
+
+  // Creates new comparator with float comparison set to EXACT.
+  DefaultFieldComparator();
+
+  virtual ~DefaultFieldComparator();
+
+  virtual ComparisonResult Compare(
+      const google::protobuf::Message& message_1,
+      const google::protobuf::Message& message_2,
+      const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* field,
+      int index_1, int index_2,
+      const google::protobuf::util::FieldContext* field_context);
+
+  void set_float_comparison(FloatComparison float_comparison) {
+    float_comparison_ = float_comparison;
+  }
+
+  FloatComparison float_comparison() const {
+    return float_comparison_;
+  }
+
+  // Set whether the FieldComparator shall treat floats or doubles that are both
+  // NaN as equal (treat_nan_as_equal = true) or as different
+  // (treat_nan_as_equal = false). Default is treating NaNs always as different.
+  void set_treat_nan_as_equal(bool treat_nan_as_equal) {
+    treat_nan_as_equal_ = treat_nan_as_equal;
+  }
+
+  bool treat_nan_as_equal() const {
+    return treat_nan_as_equal_;
+  }
+
+  // Sets the fraction and margin for the float comparison of a given field.
+  // Uses MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin to compare the values.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: field->cpp_type == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE or
+  //           field->cpp_type == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT
+  // REQUIRES: float_comparison_ == APPROXIMATE
+  void SetFractionAndMargin(const FieldDescriptor* field, double fraction,
+                            double margin);
+
+  // Sets the fraction and margin for the float comparison of all float and
+  // double fields, unless a field has been given a specific setting via
+  // SetFractionAndMargin() above.
+  // Uses MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin to compare the values.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: float_comparison_ == APPROXIMATE
+  void SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(double fraction, double margin);
+
+ private:
+  // Defines the tolerance for floating point comparison (fraction and margin).
+  struct Tolerance {
+    double fraction;
+    double margin;
+    Tolerance()
+        : fraction(0.0),
+          margin(0.0) {}
+    Tolerance(double f, double m)
+        : fraction(f),
+          margin(m) {}
+  };
+
+  // Defines the map to store the tolerances for floating point comparison.
+  typedef map<const FieldDescriptor*, Tolerance> ToleranceMap;
+
+  // The following methods get executed when CompareFields is called for the
+  // basic types (instead of submessages). They return true on success. One
+  // can use ResultFromBoolean() to convert that boolean to a ComparisonResult
+  // value.
+  bool CompareBool(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor& field,
+                   bool value_1, bool value_2) {
+    return value_1 == value_2;
+  }
+
+  // Uses CompareDoubleOrFloat, a helper function used by both CompareDouble and
+  // CompareFloat.
+  bool CompareDouble(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor& field,
+                     double value_1, double value_2);
+
+  bool CompareEnum(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor& field,
+                   const EnumValueDescriptor* value_1,
+                   const EnumValueDescriptor* value_2);
+
+  // Uses CompareDoubleOrFloat, a helper function used by both CompareDouble and
+  // CompareFloat.
+  bool CompareFloat(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor& field,
+                    float value_1, float value_2);
+
+  bool CompareInt32(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor& field,
+                    int32 value_1, int32 value_2) {
+    return value_1 == value_2;
+  }
+
+  bool CompareInt64(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor& field,
+                    int64 value_1, int64 value_2) {
+    return value_1 == value_2;
+  }
+
+  bool CompareString(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor& field,
+                     const string& value_1, const string& value_2) {
+    return value_1 == value_2;
+  }
+
+  bool CompareUInt32(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor& field,
+                     uint32 value_1, uint32 value_2) {
+    return value_1 == value_2;
+  }
+
+  bool CompareUInt64(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor& field,
+                     uint64 value_1, uint64 value_2) {
+    return value_1 == value_2;
+  }
+
+  // This function is used by CompareDouble and CompareFloat to avoid code
+  // duplication. There are no checks done against types of the values passed,
+  // but it's likely to fail if passed non-numeric arguments.
+  template<typename T>
+  bool CompareDoubleOrFloat(const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor& field,
+                            T value_1, T value_2);
+
+  // Returns FieldComparator::SAME if boolean_result is true and
+  // FieldComparator::DIFFERENT otherwise.
+  ComparisonResult ResultFromBoolean(bool boolean_result) const;
+
+  FloatComparison float_comparison_;
+
+  // If true, floats and doubles that are both NaN are considered to be
+  // equal. Otherwise, two floats or doubles that are NaN are considered to be
+  // different.
+  bool treat_nan_as_equal_;
+
+  // True iff default_tolerance_ has been explicitly set.
+  //
+  // If false, then the default tolerance for flaots and doubles is that which
+  // is used by MathUtil::AlmostEquals().
+  bool has_default_tolerance_;
+
+  // Default float/double tolerance. Only meaningful if
+  // has_default_tolerance_ == true.
+  Tolerance default_tolerance_;
+
+  // Field-specific float/double tolerances, which override any default for
+  // those particular fields.
+  ToleranceMap map_tolerance_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(DefaultFieldComparator);
+};
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_FIELD_COMPARATOR_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..748c7d11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: ksroka@google.com (Krzysztof Sroka)
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace {
+
+using protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes;
+
+class DefaultFieldComparatorTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() {
+    descriptor_ = TestAllTypes::descriptor();
+  }
+
+  const Descriptor* descriptor_;
+  DefaultFieldComparator comparator_;
+  TestAllTypes message_1_;
+  TestAllTypes message_2_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, RecursesIntoGroup) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optionalgroup");
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::RECURSE,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, RecursesIntoNestedMessage) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_message");
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::RECURSE,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, RecursesIntoForeignMessage) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_foreign_message");
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::RECURSE,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, Int32Comparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_int32");
+  message_1_.set_optional_int32(1);
+  message_2_.set_optional_int32(1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_int32(-1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, Int64Comparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_int64");
+  message_1_.set_optional_int64(1L);
+  message_2_.set_optional_int64(1L);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_int64(-1L);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, UInt32Comparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_uint32");
+  message_1_.set_optional_uint32(1);
+  message_2_.set_optional_uint32(1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_uint32(2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, UInt64Comparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_uint64");
+  message_1_.set_optional_uint64(1L);
+  message_2_.set_optional_uint64(1L);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_uint64(2L);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, BooleanComparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_bool");
+  message_1_.set_optional_bool(true);
+  message_2_.set_optional_bool(true);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_bool(false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, EnumComparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_nested_enum");
+  message_1_.set_optional_nested_enum(TestAllTypes::BAR);
+  message_2_.set_optional_nested_enum(TestAllTypes::BAR);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_nested_enum(TestAllTypes::BAZ);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, StringComparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_string");
+  message_1_.set_optional_string("foo");
+  message_2_.set_optional_string("foo");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_string("bar");
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, FloatingPointComparisonExact) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_float =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_float");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_double =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(0.1f);
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(0.1f);
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(0.1);
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(0.1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(0.2f);
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(0.2);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, FloatingPointComparisonApproximate) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_float =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_float");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_double =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(2.300005f);
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(2.300006f);
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(2.3000000000000003);
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(2.3000000000000007);
+
+  // Approximate comparison depends on MathUtil, so we assert on MathUtil
+  // results first to check if that's where the failure was introduced.
+  ASSERT_NE(message_1_.optional_float(), message_2_.optional_float());
+  ASSERT_NE(message_1_.optional_double(), message_2_.optional_double());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(MathUtil::AlmostEquals(message_1_.optional_float(),
+                                     message_2_.optional_float()));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(MathUtil::AlmostEquals(message_1_.optional_double(),
+                                     message_2_.optional_double()));
+
+  // DefaultFieldComparator's default float comparison mode is EXACT.
+  ASSERT_EQ(DefaultFieldComparator::EXACT, comparator_.float_comparison());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  comparator_.set_float_comparison(DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, FloatingPointComparisonTreatNaNsAsEqual) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_float =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_float");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_double =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(MathLimits<float>::kNaN);
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(MathLimits<float>::kNaN);
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(MathLimits<double>::kNaN);
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(MathLimits<double>::kNaN);
+
+  // DefaultFieldComparator's default float comparison mode is EXACT with
+  // treating NaNs as different.
+  ASSERT_EQ(DefaultFieldComparator::EXACT, comparator_.float_comparison());
+  ASSERT_EQ(false, comparator_.treat_nan_as_equal());
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+  comparator_.set_float_comparison(DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  comparator_.set_treat_nan_as_equal(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(true, comparator_.treat_nan_as_equal());
+  comparator_.set_float_comparison(DefaultFieldComparator::EXACT);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+  comparator_.set_float_comparison(DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest,
+       FloatingPointComparisonWithinFractionOrMargin) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_float =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_float");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_double =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(100.0f);
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(109.9f);
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(100.0);
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(109.9);
+
+  comparator_.set_float_comparison(DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Should fail since the fraction is too low.
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.01, 0.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.01, 0.0);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Should fail since the margin is too low.
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.0, 9.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.0, 9.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Should succeed since the fraction is high enough.
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.2, 0.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.2, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Should succeed since the margin is high enough.
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.0, 10.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.0, 10.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Setting values for one of the fields should not affect the other.
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.0, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // +inf should be equal even though they are not technically within margin or
+  // fraction.
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.0, 0.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.0, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // -inf should be equal even though they are not technically within margin or
+  // fraction.
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(-numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(-numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(-numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(-numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.0, 0.0);
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_double, 0.0, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest,
+       FloatingPointComparisonWithinDefaultFractionOrMargin) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_float =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_float");
+  const FieldDescriptor* field_double =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+
+  message_1_.set_optional_float(100.0f);
+  message_2_.set_optional_float(109.9f);
+  message_1_.set_optional_double(100.0);
+  message_2_.set_optional_double(109.9);
+
+  comparator_.set_float_comparison(DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Set default fraction and margin.
+  comparator_.SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(0.01, 0.0);
+
+  // Float comparisons should fail since the fraction is too low.
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Set field-specific fraction and margin for one field (field_float) but not
+  // the other (field_double)
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.2, 0.0);
+
+  // The field with the override should succeed, since its field-specific
+  // fraction is high enough.
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  // The field with no override should fail, since the default fraction is too
+  // low
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Set the default fraction and margin high enough so that fields that use
+  // the default should succeed
+  comparator_.SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(0.2, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // The field with an override should still be OK
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+
+  // Set fraction and margin for the field with an override to be too low
+  comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field_float, 0.01, 0.0);
+
+  // Now our default is high enough but field_float's override is too low.
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_float, -1, -1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_,
+                                field_double, -1, -1, NULL));
+}
+
+// Simple test checking whether we compare values at correct indices.
+TEST_F(DefaultFieldComparatorTest, RepeatedFieldComparison) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* field =
+      descriptor_->FindFieldByName("repeated_string");
+
+  message_1_.add_repeated_string("foo");
+  message_1_.add_repeated_string("bar");
+  message_2_.add_repeated_string("bar");
+  message_2_.add_repeated_string("baz");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, 0, 0, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::DIFFERENT,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, 1, 1, NULL));
+  EXPECT_EQ(FieldComparator::SAME,
+            comparator_.Compare(message_1_, message_2_, field, 1, 0, NULL));
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0cb8f6e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_CONSTANTS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_CONSTANTS_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+// This file contains constants used by //net/proto2/util/converter.
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+// Prefix for type URLs.
+const char kTypeServiceBaseUrl[] = "type.googleapis.com";
+
+// Format string for RFC3339 timestamp formatting.
+const char kRfc3339TimeFormat[] = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S";
+
+// Minimum seconds allowed in a google.protobuf.TimeStamp or Duration value.
+const int64 kMinSeconds = -315576000000;
+
+// Maximum seconds allowed in a google.protobuf.TimeStamp or Duration value.
+const int64 kMaxSeconds = 315576000000;
+
+// Nano seconds in a second.
+const int32 kNanosPerSecond = 1000000000;
+
+// Type url representing NULL values in google.protobuf.Struct type.
+const char kStructNullValueTypeUrl[] =
+    "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.NullValue";
+
+// Type string for google.protobuf.Struct
+const char kStructType[] = "google.protobuf.Struct";
+
+// Type string for struct.proto's google.protobuf.Value value type.
+const char kStructValueType[] = "google.protobuf.Value";
+
+// Type string for struct.proto's google.protobuf.ListValue value type.
+const char kStructListValueType[] = "google.protobuf.ListValue";
+
+// Type string for google.protobuf.Timestamp
+const char kTimestampType[] = "google.protobuf.Timestamp";
+
+// Type string for google.protobuf.Duration
+const char kDurationType[] = "google.protobuf.Duration";
+
+// Type URL for struct value type google.protobuf.Value
+const char kStructValueTypeUrl[] = "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value";
+
+// Type URL for struct value type google.protobuf.Value
+const char kStructTypeUrl[] = "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct";
+
+// Type string for google.protobuf.Any
+const char kAnyType[] = "google.protobuf.Any";
+
+// The type URL of google.protobuf.FieldMask;
+const char kFieldMaskTypeUrl[] =
+    "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask";
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_CONSTANTS_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..944fb2e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/struct.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor;
+using google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptor;
+;
+;
+using util::error::Code;
+using util::Status;
+using util::StatusOr;
+
+namespace {
+
+inline Status InvalidArgument(StringPiece value_str) {
+  return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, value_str);
+}
+
+// For general conversion between
+//     int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double and float
+// except conversion between double and float.
+template <typename To, typename From>
+StatusOr<To> NumberConvertAndCheck(From before) {
+  if (::google::protobuf::internal::is_same<From, To>::value) return before;
+  To after = static_cast<To>(before);
+  if (after == before &&
+      MathUtil::Sign<From>(before) == MathUtil::Sign<To>(after)) {
+    return after;
+  } else {
+    return InvalidArgument(::google::protobuf::internal::is_integral<From>::value
+                               ? ValueAsString(before)
+                               : ::google::protobuf::internal::is_same<From, double>::value
+                                     ? DoubleAsString(before)
+                                     : FloatAsString(before));
+  }
+}
+
+// For conversion between double and float only.
+template <typename To, typename From>
+StatusOr<To> FloatingPointConvertAndCheck(From before) {
+  if (MathLimits<From>::IsNaN(before)) return std::numeric_limits<To>::quiet_NaN();
+
+  To after = static_cast<To>(before);
+  if (MathUtil::AlmostEquals<To>(after, before)) {
+    return after;
+  } else {
+    return InvalidArgument(::google::protobuf::internal::is_same<From, double>::value
+                               ? DoubleAsString(before)
+                               : FloatAsString(before));
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+StatusOr<int32> DataPiece::ToInt32() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
+    return StringToNumber<int32>(safe_strto32);
+  }
+  return GenericConvert<int32>();
+}
+
+StatusOr<uint32> DataPiece::ToUint32() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
+    return StringToNumber<uint32>(safe_strtou32);
+  }
+  return GenericConvert<uint32>();
+}
+
+StatusOr<int64> DataPiece::ToInt64() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
+    return StringToNumber<int64>(safe_strto64);
+  }
+  return GenericConvert<int64>();
+}
+
+StatusOr<uint64> DataPiece::ToUint64() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
+    return StringToNumber<uint64>(safe_strtou64);
+  }
+  return GenericConvert<uint64>();
+}
+
+StatusOr<double> DataPiece::ToDouble() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_FLOAT) {
+    return FloatingPointConvertAndCheck<double, float>(float_);
+  }
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
+    if (str_ == "Infinity") return std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+    if (str_ == "-Infinity") return -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
+    if (str_ == "NaN") return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+    return StringToNumber<double>(safe_strtod);
+  }
+  return GenericConvert<double>();
+}
+
+StatusOr<float> DataPiece::ToFloat() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_DOUBLE) {
+    return FloatingPointConvertAndCheck<float, double>(double_);
+  }
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
+    if (str_ == "Infinity") return std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
+    if (str_ == "-Infinity") return -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
+    if (str_ == "NaN") return std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN();
+    // SafeStrToFloat() is used instead of safe_strtof() because the later
+    // does not fail on inputs like SimpleDtoa(DBL_MAX).
+    return StringToNumber<float>(SafeStrToFloat);
+  }
+  return GenericConvert<float>();
+}
+
+StatusOr<bool> DataPiece::ToBool() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+    case TYPE_BOOL:
+      return bool_;
+    case TYPE_STRING:
+      return StringToNumber<bool>(safe_strtob);
+    default:
+      return InvalidArgument(
+          ValueAsStringOrDefault("Wrong type. Cannot convert to Bool."));
+  }
+}
+
+StatusOr<string> DataPiece::ToString() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+    case TYPE_STRING:
+      return str_.ToString();
+    case TYPE_BYTES: {
+      string base64;
+      WebSafeBase64Escape(str_, &base64);
+      return base64;
+    }
+    default:
+      return InvalidArgument(
+          ValueAsStringOrDefault("Cannot convert to string."));
+  }
+}
+
+string DataPiece::ValueAsStringOrDefault(StringPiece default_string) const {
+  switch (type_) {
+    case TYPE_INT32:
+      return SimpleItoa(i32_);
+    case TYPE_INT64:
+      return SimpleItoa(i64_);
+    case TYPE_UINT32:
+      return SimpleItoa(u32_);
+    case TYPE_UINT64:
+      return SimpleItoa(u64_);
+    case TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return DoubleAsString(double_);
+    case TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return FloatAsString(float_);
+    case TYPE_BOOL:
+      return SimpleBtoa(bool_);
+    case TYPE_STRING:
+      return StrCat("\"", str_.ToString(), "\"");
+    case TYPE_BYTES: {
+      string base64;
+      WebSafeBase64Escape(str_, &base64);
+      return StrCat("\"", base64, "\"");
+    }
+    case TYPE_NULL:
+      return "null";
+    default:
+      return default_string.ToString();
+  }
+}
+
+StatusOr<string> DataPiece::ToBytes() const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_BYTES) return str_.ToString();
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
+    string decoded;
+    if (!WebSafeBase64Unescape(str_, &decoded)) {
+      if (!Base64Unescape(str_, &decoded)) {
+        return InvalidArgument(
+            ValueAsStringOrDefault("Invalid data in input."));
+      }
+    }
+    return decoded;
+  } else {
+    return InvalidArgument(ValueAsStringOrDefault(
+        "Wrong type. Only String or Bytes can be converted to Bytes."));
+  }
+}
+
+StatusOr<int> DataPiece::ToEnum(const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type) const {
+  if (type_ == TYPE_NULL) return google::protobuf::NULL_VALUE;
+
+  if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
+    // First try the given value as a name.
+    string enum_name = str_.ToString();
+    const google::protobuf::EnumValue* value =
+        FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(enum_type, enum_name);
+    if (value != NULL) return value->number();
+    // Next try a normalized name.
+    for (string::iterator it = enum_name.begin(); it != enum_name.end(); ++it) {
+      *it = *it == '-' ? '_' : ascii_toupper(*it);
+    }
+    value = FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(enum_type, enum_name);
+    if (value != NULL) return value->number();
+  } else {
+    StatusOr<int32> value = ToInt32();
+    if (value.ok()) {
+      if (const google::protobuf::EnumValue* enum_value =
+              FindEnumValueByNumberOrNull(enum_type, value.ValueOrDie())) {
+        return enum_value->number();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return InvalidArgument(
+      ValueAsStringOrDefault("Cannot find enum with given value."));
+}
+
+template <typename To>
+StatusOr<To> DataPiece::GenericConvert() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+    case TYPE_INT32:
+      return NumberConvertAndCheck<To, int32>(i32_);
+    case TYPE_INT64:
+      return NumberConvertAndCheck<To, int64>(i64_);
+    case TYPE_UINT32:
+      return NumberConvertAndCheck<To, uint32>(u32_);
+    case TYPE_UINT64:
+      return NumberConvertAndCheck<To, uint64>(u64_);
+    case TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return NumberConvertAndCheck<To, double>(double_);
+    case TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return NumberConvertAndCheck<To, float>(float_);
+    default:  // TYPE_ENUM, TYPE_STRING, TYPE_CORD, TYPE_BOOL
+      return InvalidArgument(ValueAsStringOrDefault(
+          "Wrong type. Bool, Enum, String and Cord not supported in "
+          "GenericConvert."));
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename To>
+StatusOr<To> DataPiece::StringToNumber(bool (*func)(StringPiece, To*)) const {
+  To result;
+  if (func(str_, &result)) return result;
+  return InvalidArgument(StrCat("\"", str_.ToString(), "\""));
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30947252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DATAPIECE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DATAPIECE_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class Enum;
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// Container for a single piece of data together with its data type.
+//
+// For primitive types (int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double, float, bool),
+// the data is stored by value.
+//
+// For string, a StringPiece is stored. For Cord, a pointer to Cord is stored.
+// Just like StringPiece, the DataPiece class does not own the storage for
+// the actual string or Cord, so it is the user's responsiblity to guarantee
+// that the underlying storage is still valid when the DataPiece is accessed.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DataPiece {
+ public:
+  // Identifies data type of the value.
+  // These are the types supported by DataPiece.
+  enum Type {
+    TYPE_INT32 = 1,
+    TYPE_INT64 = 2,
+    TYPE_UINT32 = 3,
+    TYPE_UINT64 = 4,
+    TYPE_DOUBLE = 5,
+    TYPE_FLOAT = 6,
+    TYPE_BOOL = 7,
+    TYPE_ENUM = 8,
+    TYPE_STRING = 9,
+    TYPE_BYTES = 10,
+    TYPE_NULL = 11,  // explicit NULL type
+  };
+
+  // Constructors and Destructor
+  explicit DataPiece(const int32 value) : type_(TYPE_INT32), i32_(value) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const int64 value) : type_(TYPE_INT64), i64_(value) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const uint32 value) : type_(TYPE_UINT32), u32_(value) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const uint64 value) : type_(TYPE_UINT64), u64_(value) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const double value) : type_(TYPE_DOUBLE), double_(value) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const float value) : type_(TYPE_FLOAT), float_(value) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const bool value) : type_(TYPE_BOOL), bool_(value) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(StringPiece value)
+      : type_(TYPE_STRING),
+        str_(StringPiecePod::CreateFromStringPiece(value)) {}
+  // Constructor for bytes. The second parameter is not used.
+  explicit DataPiece(StringPiece value, bool dummy)
+      : type_(TYPE_BYTES), str_(StringPiecePod::CreateFromStringPiece(value)) {}
+  DataPiece(const DataPiece& r) : type_(r.type_), str_(r.str_) {}
+  DataPiece& operator=(const DataPiece& x) {
+    type_ = x.type_;
+    str_ = x.str_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static DataPiece NullData() { return DataPiece(TYPE_NULL, 0); }
+
+  virtual ~DataPiece() {}
+
+  // Accessors
+  Type type() const { return type_; }
+
+  StringPiece str() const {
+    GOOGLE_LOG_IF(DFATAL, type_ != TYPE_STRING) << "Not a string type.";
+    return str_;
+  }
+
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into an int32.
+  util::StatusOr<int32> ToInt32() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a uint32.
+  util::StatusOr<uint32> ToUint32() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into an int64.
+  util::StatusOr<int64> ToInt64() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a uint64.
+  util::StatusOr<uint64> ToUint64() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a double.
+  util::StatusOr<double> ToDouble() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a float.
+  util::StatusOr<float> ToFloat() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a bool.
+  util::StatusOr<bool> ToBool() const;
+
+  // Parses, casts or converts the value stored in the DataPiece into a string.
+  util::StatusOr<string> ToString() const;
+
+  // Tries to convert the value contained in this datapiece to string. If the
+  // conversion fails, it returns the default_string.
+  string ValueAsStringOrDefault(StringPiece default_string) const;
+
+  util::StatusOr<string> ToBytes() const;
+
+  // Converts a value into protocol buffer enum number. If the value is a
+  // string, first attempts conversion by name, trying names as follows:
+  //   1) the directly provided string value.
+  //   2) the value upper-cased and replacing '-' by '_'
+  // If the value is not a string, attempts to convert to a 32-bit integer.
+  // If none of these succeeds, returns a conversion error status.
+  util::StatusOr<int> ToEnum(const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type) const;
+
+ private:
+  // Disallow implicit constructor.
+  DataPiece();
+
+  // Helper to create NULL or ENUM types.
+  DataPiece(Type type, int32 val) : type_(type), i32_(val) {}
+
+  // For numeric conversion between
+  //     int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double, float and bool
+  template <typename To>
+  util::StatusOr<To> GenericConvert() const;
+
+  // For conversion from string to
+  //     int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double, float and bool
+  template <typename To>
+  util::StatusOr<To> StringToNumber(bool (*func)(StringPiece, To*)) const;
+
+  // Data type for this piece of data.
+  Type type_;
+
+  // StringPiece is not a POD and can not be used in an union (pre C++11). We
+  // need a POD version of it.
+  struct StringPiecePod {
+    const char* data;
+    int size;
+
+    // Create from a StringPiece.
+    static StringPiecePod CreateFromStringPiece(StringPiece str) {
+      StringPiecePod pod;
+      pod.data = str.data();
+      pod.size = str.size();
+      return pod;
+    }
+
+    // Cast to StringPiece.
+    operator StringPiece() const { return StringPiece(data, size); }
+
+    bool operator==(const char* value) const {
+      return StringPiece(data, size) == StringPiece(value);
+    }
+
+    string ToString() const { return string(data, size); }
+  };
+
+  // Stored piece of data.
+  union {
+    const int32 i32_;
+    const int64 i64_;
+    const uint32 u32_;
+    const uint64 u64_;
+    const double double_;
+    const float float_;
+    const bool bool_;
+    StringPiecePod str_;
+  };
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DATAPIECE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..267e2cd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+using util::Status;
+using util::StatusOr;
+namespace converter {
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter::DefaultValueObjectWriter(
+    TypeResolver* type_resolver, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    ObjectWriter* ow)
+    : typeinfo_(TypeInfo::NewTypeInfo(type_resolver)),
+      type_(type),
+      disable_normalize_(false),
+      current_(NULL),
+      root_(NULL),
+      ow_(ow) {}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter::~DefaultValueObjectWriter() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < string_values_.size(); ++i) {
+    delete string_values_[i];
+  }
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderBool(StringPiece name,
+                                                               bool value) {
+  if (current_ == NULL) {
+    ow_->RenderBool(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderInt32(
+    StringPiece name, int32 value) {
+  if (current_ == NULL) {
+    ow_->RenderInt32(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderUint32(
+    StringPiece name, uint32 value) {
+  if (current_ == NULL) {
+    ow_->RenderUint32(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderInt64(
+    StringPiece name, int64 value) {
+  if (current_ == NULL) {
+    ow_->RenderInt64(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderUint64(
+    StringPiece name, uint64 value) {
+  if (current_ == NULL) {
+    ow_->RenderUint64(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderDouble(
+    StringPiece name, double value) {
+  if (current_ == NULL) {
+    ow_->RenderDouble(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderFloat(
+    StringPiece name, float value) {
+  if (current_ == NULL) {
+    ow_->RenderBool(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderString(
+    StringPiece name, StringPiece value) {
+  if (current_ == NULL) {
+    ow_->RenderString(name, value);
+  } else {
+    // Since StringPiece is essentially a pointer, takes a copy of "value" to
+    // avoid ownership issues.
+    string_values_.push_back(new string(value.ToString()));
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(*string_values_.back()));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderBytes(
+    StringPiece name, StringPiece value) {
+  if (current_ == NULL) {
+    ow_->RenderBytes(name, value);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderNull(
+    StringPiece name) {
+  if (current_ == NULL) {
+    ow_->RenderNull(name);
+  } else {
+    RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece::NullData());
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter*
+DefaultValueObjectWriter::DisableCaseNormalizationForNextKey() {
+  disable_normalize_ = true;
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node::Node(const string& name,
+                                     const google::protobuf::Type* type,
+                                     NodeKind kind, const DataPiece& data,
+                                     bool is_placeholder)
+    : name_(name),
+      type_(type),
+      kind_(kind),
+      disable_normalize_(false),
+      is_any_(false),
+      data_(data),
+      is_placeholder_(is_placeholder) {}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node* DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node::FindChild(
+    StringPiece name) {
+  if (name.empty() || kind_ != OBJECT) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < children_.size(); ++i) {
+    Node* child = children_[i];
+    if (child->name() == name) {
+      return child;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+void DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node::WriteTo(ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  if (disable_normalize_) {
+    ow->DisableCaseNormalizationForNextKey();
+  }
+  if (kind_ == PRIMITIVE) {
+    ObjectWriter::RenderDataPieceTo(data_, name_, ow);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (is_placeholder_) {
+    // If is_placeholder_ = true, we didn't see this node in the response, so
+    // skip output.
+    return;
+  }
+  if (kind_ == LIST) {
+    ow->StartList(name_);
+  } else {
+    ow->StartObject(name_);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < children_.size(); ++i) {
+    Node* child = children_[i];
+    child->WriteTo(ow);
+  }
+  if (kind_ == LIST) {
+    ow->EndList();
+  } else {
+    ow->EndObject();
+  }
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Type* DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node::GetMapValueType(
+    const google::protobuf::Type& found_type, TypeInfo* typeinfo) {
+  // If this field is a map, we should use the type of its "Value" as
+  // the type of the child node.
+  for (int i = 0; i < found_type.fields_size(); ++i) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field& sub_field = found_type.fields(i);
+    if (sub_field.number() != 2) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (sub_field.kind() != google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      // This map's value type is not a message type. We don't need to
+      // get the field_type in this case.
+      break;
+    }
+    util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> sub_type =
+        typeinfo->ResolveTypeUrl(sub_field.type_url());
+    if (!sub_type.ok()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Cannot resolve type '" << sub_field.type_url() << "'.";
+    } else {
+      return sub_type.ValueOrDie();
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+void DefaultValueObjectWriter::Node::PopulateChildren(TypeInfo* typeinfo) {
+  // Ignores well known types that don't require automatically populating their
+  // primitive children. For type "Any", we only populate its children when the
+  // "@type" field is set.
+  // TODO(tsun): remove "kStructValueType" from the list. It's being checked
+  //     now because of a bug in the tool-chain that causes the "oneof_index"
+  //     of kStructValueType to not be set correctly.
+  if (type_ == NULL || type_->name() == kAnyType ||
+      type_->name() == kStructType || type_->name() == kTimestampType ||
+      type_->name() == kDurationType || type_->name() == kStructValueType) {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::vector<Node*> new_children;
+  hash_map<string, int> orig_children_map;
+
+  // Creates a map of child nodes to speed up lookup.
+  for (int i = 0; i < children_.size(); ++i) {
+    InsertIfNotPresent(&orig_children_map, children_[i]->name_, i);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < type_->fields_size(); ++i) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field = type_->fields(i);
+    hash_map<string, int>::iterator found =
+        orig_children_map.find(field.name());
+    // If the child field has already been set, we just add it to the new list
+    // of children.
+    if (found != orig_children_map.end()) {
+      new_children.push_back(children_[found->second]);
+      children_[found->second] = NULL;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const google::protobuf::Type* field_type = NULL;
+    bool is_map = false;
+    NodeKind kind = PRIMITIVE;
+
+    if (field.kind() == google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      kind = OBJECT;
+      util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> found_result =
+          typeinfo->ResolveTypeUrl(field.type_url());
+      if (!found_result.ok()) {
+        // "field" is of an unknown type.
+        GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Cannot resolve type '" << field.type_url() << "'.";
+      } else {
+        const google::protobuf::Type* found_type = found_result.ValueOrDie();
+        is_map = IsMap(field, *found_type);
+
+        if (!is_map) {
+          field_type = found_type;
+        } else {
+          // If this field is a map, we should use the type of its "Value" as
+          // the type of the child node.
+          field_type = GetMapValueType(*found_type, typeinfo);
+          kind = MAP;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (!is_map &&
+        field.cardinality() ==
+            google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED) {
+      kind = LIST;
+    }
+    // If the child field is of primitive type, sets its data to the default
+    // value of its type.
+    // If oneof_index() != 0, the child field is part of a "oneof", which means
+    // the child field is optional and we shouldn't populate its default value.
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Node> child(
+        new Node(field.name(), field_type, kind,
+                 ((kind == PRIMITIVE && field.oneof_index() == 0)
+                      ? CreateDefaultDataPieceForField(field)
+                      : DataPiece::NullData()),
+                 true));
+    new_children.push_back(child.release());
+  }
+  // Adds all leftover nodes in children_ to the beginning of new_child.
+  for (int i = 0; i < children_.size(); ++i) {
+    if (children_[i] == NULL) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    new_children.insert(new_children.begin(), children_[i]);
+    children_[i] = NULL;
+  }
+  children_.swap(new_children);
+}
+
+void DefaultValueObjectWriter::MaybePopulateChildrenOfAny(Node* node) {
+  // If this is an "Any" node with "@type" already given and no other children
+  // have been added, populates its children.
+  if (node != NULL && node->is_any() && node->type() != NULL &&
+      node->type()->name() != kAnyType && node->number_of_children() == 1) {
+    node->PopulateChildren(typeinfo_.get());
+  }
+}
+
+DataPiece DefaultValueObjectWriter::CreateDefaultDataPieceForField(
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  switch (field.kind()) {
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      return DataPiece(static_cast<double>(0));
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      return DataPiece(static_cast<float>(0));
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_INT64:
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT64:
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED64: {
+      return DataPiece(static_cast<int64>(0));
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED64: {
+      return DataPiece(static_cast<uint64>(0));
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_INT32:
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT32:
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED32: {
+      return DataPiece(static_cast<int32>(0));
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_BOOL: {
+      return DataPiece(false);
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_STRING: {
+      return DataPiece(string());
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      return DataPiece("", false);
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED32: {
+      return DataPiece(static_cast<uint32>(0));
+    }
+    default: { return DataPiece::NullData(); }
+  }
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::StartObject(
+    StringPiece name) {
+  if (current_ == NULL) {
+    root_.reset(new Node(name.ToString(), &type_, OBJECT, DataPiece::NullData(),
+                         false));
+    root_->set_disable_normalize(GetAndResetDisableNormalize());
+    root_->PopulateChildren(typeinfo_.get());
+    current_ = root_.get();
+    return this;
+  }
+  MaybePopulateChildrenOfAny(current_);
+  Node* child = current_->FindChild(name);
+  if (current_->kind() == LIST || current_->kind() == MAP || child == NULL) {
+    // If current_ is a list or a map node, we should create a new child and use
+    // the type of current_ as the type of the new child.
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Node> node(new Node(
+        name.ToString(), ((current_->kind() == LIST || current_->kind() == MAP)
+                              ? current_->type()
+                              : NULL),
+        OBJECT, DataPiece::NullData(), false));
+    child = node.get();
+    current_->AddChild(node.release());
+  }
+
+  child->set_is_placeholder(false);
+  child->set_disable_normalize(GetAndResetDisableNormalize());
+  if (child->kind() == OBJECT && child->number_of_children() == 0) {
+    child->PopulateChildren(typeinfo_.get());
+  }
+
+  stack_.push(current_);
+  current_ = child;
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::EndObject() {
+  if (stack_.empty()) {
+    // The root object ends here. Writes out the tree.
+    WriteRoot();
+    return this;
+  }
+  current_ = stack_.top();
+  stack_.pop();
+  return this;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::StartList(
+    StringPiece name) {
+  if (current_ == NULL) {
+    root_.reset(
+        new Node(name.ToString(), &type_, LIST, DataPiece::NullData(), false));
+    root_->set_disable_normalize(GetAndResetDisableNormalize());
+    current_ = root_.get();
+    return this;
+  }
+  MaybePopulateChildrenOfAny(current_);
+  Node* child = current_->FindChild(name);
+  if (child == NULL || child->kind() != LIST) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Cannot find field '" << name << "'.";
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Node> node(
+        new Node(name.ToString(), NULL, LIST, DataPiece::NullData(), false));
+    child = node.get();
+    current_->AddChild(node.release());
+  }
+  child->set_is_placeholder(false);
+  child->set_disable_normalize(GetAndResetDisableNormalize());
+
+  stack_.push(current_);
+  current_ = child;
+  return this;
+}
+
+void DefaultValueObjectWriter::WriteRoot() {
+  root_->WriteTo(ow_);
+  root_.reset(NULL);
+  current_ = NULL;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::EndList() {
+  if (stack_.empty()) {
+    WriteRoot();
+    return this;
+  }
+  current_ = stack_.top();
+  stack_.pop();
+  return this;
+}
+
+void DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderDataPiece(StringPiece name,
+                                               const DataPiece& data) {
+  MaybePopulateChildrenOfAny(current_);
+  util::StatusOr<string> data_string = data.ToString();
+  if (current_->type() != NULL && current_->type()->name() == kAnyType &&
+      name == "@type" && data_string.ok()) {
+    const string& string_value = data_string.ValueOrDie();
+    // If the type of current_ is "Any" and its "@type" field is being set here,
+    // sets the type of current_ to be the type specified by the "@type".
+    util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> found_type =
+        typeinfo_->ResolveTypeUrl(string_value);
+    if (!found_type.ok()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to resolve type '" << string_value << "'.";
+    } else {
+      current_->set_type(found_type.ValueOrDie());
+    }
+    current_->set_is_any(true);
+    // If the "@type" field is placed after other fields, we should populate
+    // other children of primitive type now. Otherwise, we should wait until the
+    // first value field is rendered before we populate the children, because
+    // the "value" field of a Any message could be omitted.
+    if (current_->number_of_children() > 1 && current_->type() != NULL) {
+      current_->PopulateChildren(typeinfo_.get());
+    }
+  }
+  Node* child = current_->FindChild(name);
+  if (child == NULL || child->kind() != PRIMITIVE) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Cannot find primitive field '" << name << "'.";
+    // No children are found, creates a new child.
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Node> node(
+        new Node(name.ToString(), NULL, PRIMITIVE, data, false));
+    child = node.get();
+    current_->AddChild(node.release());
+  } else {
+    child->set_data(data);
+  }
+  child->set_disable_normalize(GetAndResetDisableNormalize());
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..759ba91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DEFAULT_VALUE_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DEFAULT_VALUE_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+#include <stack>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// An ObjectWriter that renders non-repeated primitive fields of proto messages
+// with their default values. DefaultValueObjectWriter holds objects, lists and
+// fields it receives in a tree structure and writes them out to another
+// ObjectWriter when EndObject() is called on the root object. It also writes
+// out all non-repeated primitive fields that haven't been explicitly rendered
+// with their default values (0 for numbers, "" for strings, etc).
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DefaultValueObjectWriter : public ObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter(TypeResolver* type_resolver,
+                           const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                           ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  virtual ~DefaultValueObjectWriter();
+
+  // ObjectWriter methods.
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* StartObject(StringPiece name);
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* EndObject();
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* StartList(StringPiece name);
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* EndList();
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderBool(StringPiece name, bool value);
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderInt32(StringPiece name, int32 value);
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderUint32(StringPiece name,
+                                                 uint32 value);
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderInt64(StringPiece name, int64 value);
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderUint64(StringPiece name,
+                                                 uint64 value);
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderDouble(StringPiece name,
+                                                 double value);
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderFloat(StringPiece name, float value);
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderString(StringPiece name,
+                                                 StringPiece value);
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderBytes(StringPiece name,
+                                                StringPiece value);
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* RenderNull(StringPiece name);
+
+  virtual DefaultValueObjectWriter* DisableCaseNormalizationForNextKey();
+
+ private:
+  enum NodeKind {
+    PRIMITIVE = 0,
+    OBJECT = 1,
+    LIST = 2,
+    MAP = 3,
+  };
+
+  // "Node" represents a node in the tree that holds the input of
+  // DefaultValueObjectWriter.
+  class Node {
+   public:
+    Node(const string& name, const google::protobuf::Type* type, NodeKind kind,
+         const DataPiece& data, bool is_placeholder);
+    virtual ~Node() {
+      for (int i = 0; i < children_.size(); ++i) {
+        delete children_[i];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Adds a child to this node. Takes ownership of this child.
+    void AddChild(Node* child) { children_.push_back(child); }
+
+    // Finds the child given its name.
+    Node* FindChild(StringPiece name);
+
+    // Populates children of this Node based on its type. If there are already
+    // children created, they will be merged to the result. Caller should pass
+    // in TypeInfo for looking up types of the children.
+    void PopulateChildren(TypeInfo* typeinfo);
+
+    // If this node is a leaf (has data), writes the current node to the
+    // ObjectWriter; if not, then recursively writes the children to the
+    // ObjectWriter.
+    void WriteTo(ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+    // Accessors
+    const string& name() const { return name_; }
+
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type() { return type_; }
+
+    void set_type(const google::protobuf::Type* type) { type_ = type; }
+
+    NodeKind kind() { return kind_; }
+
+    int number_of_children() { return children_.size(); }
+
+    void set_data(const DataPiece& data) { data_ = data; }
+
+    void set_disable_normalize(bool disable_normalize) {
+      disable_normalize_ = disable_normalize;
+    }
+
+    bool is_any() { return is_any_; }
+
+    void set_is_any(bool is_any) { is_any_ = is_any; }
+
+    void set_is_placeholder(bool is_placeholder) {
+      is_placeholder_ = is_placeholder;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    // Returns the Value Type of a map given the Type of the map entry and a
+    // TypeInfo instance.
+    const google::protobuf::Type* GetMapValueType(
+        const google::protobuf::Type& entry_type, TypeInfo* typeinfo);
+
+    // The name of this node.
+    string name_;
+    // google::protobuf::Type of this node. Owned by TypeInfo.
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type_;
+    // The kind of this node.
+    NodeKind kind_;
+    // Whether to disable case normalization of the name.
+    bool disable_normalize_;
+    // Whether this is a node for "Any".
+    bool is_any_;
+    // The data of this node when it is a leaf node.
+    DataPiece data_;
+    // Children of this node.
+    std::vector<Node*> children_;
+    // Whether this node is a placeholder for an object or list automatically
+    // generated when creating the parent node. Should be set to false after
+    // the parent node's StartObject()/StartList() method is called with this
+    // node's name.
+    bool is_placeholder_;
+  };
+
+  // Populates children of "node" if it is an "any" Node and its real type has
+  // been given.
+  void MaybePopulateChildrenOfAny(Node* node);
+
+  // Writes the root_ node to ow_ and resets the root_ and current_ pointer to
+  // NULL.
+  void WriteRoot();
+
+  // Creates a DataPiece containing the default value of the type of the field.
+  static DataPiece CreateDefaultDataPieceForField(
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+  // Returns disable_normalize_ and reset it to false.
+  bool GetAndResetDisableNormalize() {
+    return disable_normalize_ ? (disable_normalize_ = false, true) : false;
+  }
+
+  // Adds or replaces the data_ of a primitive child node.
+  void RenderDataPiece(StringPiece name, const DataPiece& data);
+
+  // Type information for all the types used in the descriptor. Used to find
+  // google::protobuf::Type of nested messages/enums.
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<TypeInfo> typeinfo_;
+  // google::protobuf::Type of the root message type.
+  const google::protobuf::Type& type_;
+  // Holds copies of strings passed to RenderString.
+  vector<string*> string_values_;
+
+  // Whether to disable case normalization of the next node.
+  bool disable_normalize_;
+  // The current Node. Owned by its parents.
+  Node* current_;
+  // The root Node.
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Node> root_;
+  // The stack to hold the path of Nodes from current_ to root_;
+  std::stack<Node*> stack_;
+
+  ObjectWriter* ow_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(DefaultValueObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_DEFAULT_VALUE_OBJECTWRITER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..593c7105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+namespace testing {
+
+using google::protobuf::testing::DefaultValueTest;
+
+// Tests to cover some basic DefaultValueObjectWriter use cases. More tests are
+// in the marshalling_test.cc and translator_integration_test.cc.
+class DefaultValueObjectWriterTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<testing::TypeInfoSource> {
+ protected:
+  DefaultValueObjectWriterTest()
+      : helper_(GetParam()), mock_(), expects_(&mock_) {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(DefaultValueTest::descriptor());
+    testing_.reset(helper_.NewDefaultValueWriter(
+        string(kTypeServiceBaseUrl) + "/" +
+            DefaultValueTest::descriptor()->full_name(),
+        &mock_));
+  }
+
+  virtual ~DefaultValueObjectWriterTest() {}
+
+  TypeInfoTestHelper helper_;
+  MockObjectWriter mock_;
+  ExpectingObjectWriter expects_;
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<DefaultValueObjectWriter> testing_;
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                        DefaultValueObjectWriterTest,
+                        ::testing::Values(
+                            testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(DefaultValueObjectWriterTest, Empty) {
+  // Set expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderDouble("double_value", 0.0)
+      ->RenderFloat("float_value", 0.0)
+      ->RenderInt64("int64_value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint64("uint64_value", 0)
+      ->RenderInt32("int32_value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint32("uint32_value", 0)
+      ->RenderBool("bool_value", false)
+      ->RenderString("string_value", "")
+      ->RenderBytes("bytes_value", "")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_->StartObject("")->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(DefaultValueObjectWriterTest, NonDefaultDouble) {
+  // Set expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderDouble("double_value", 1.0)
+      ->RenderFloat("float_value", 0.0)
+      ->RenderInt64("int64_value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint64("uint64_value", 0)
+      ->RenderInt32("int32_value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint32("uint32_value", 0)
+      ->RenderBool("bool_value", false)
+      ->RenderString("string_value", "")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_->StartObject("")->RenderDouble("double_value", 1.0)->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(DefaultValueObjectWriterTest, ShouldRetainUnknownField) {
+  // Set expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderDouble("double_value", 1.0)
+      ->RenderFloat("float_value", 0.0)
+      ->RenderInt64("int64_value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint64("uint64_value", 0)
+      ->RenderInt32("int32_value", 0)
+      ->RenderUint32("uint32_value", 0)
+      ->RenderBool("bool_value", false)
+      ->RenderString("string_value", "")
+      ->RenderString("unknown", "abc")
+      ->StartObject("unknown_object")
+      ->RenderString("unknown", "def")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderDouble("double_value", 1.0)
+      ->RenderString("unknown", "abc")
+      ->StartObject("unknown_object")
+      ->RenderString("unknown", "def")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..538307ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b907df5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_ERROR_LISTENER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_ERROR_LISTENER_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// Interface for error listener.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ErrorListener {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ErrorListener() {}
+
+  // Reports an invalid name at the given location.
+  virtual void InvalidName(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                           StringPiece unknown_name, StringPiece message) = 0;
+
+  // Reports an invalid value for a field.
+  virtual void InvalidValue(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                            StringPiece type_name, StringPiece value) = 0;
+
+  // Reports a missing required field.
+  virtual void MissingField(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                            StringPiece missing_name) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ErrorListener() {}
+
+ private:
+  // Do not add any data members to this class.
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ErrorListener);
+};
+
+// An error listener that ignores all errors.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT NoopErrorListener : public ErrorListener {
+ public:
+  NoopErrorListener() {}
+  virtual ~NoopErrorListener() {}
+
+  virtual void InvalidName(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                           StringPiece unknown_name, StringPiece message) {}
+
+  virtual void InvalidValue(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                            StringPiece type_name, StringPiece value) {}
+
+  virtual void MissingField(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                            StringPiece missing_name) {}
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(NoopErrorListener);
+};
+
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_ERROR_LISTENER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ae98ddd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_EXPECTING_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_EXPECTING_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+
+// An implementation of ObjectWriter that automatically sets the
+// gmock expectations for the response to a method. Every method
+// returns the object itself for chaining.
+//
+// Usage:
+//   // Setup
+//   MockObjectWriter mock;
+//   ExpectingObjectWriter ow(&mock);
+//
+//   // Set expectation
+//   ow.StartObject("")
+//       ->RenderString("key", "value")
+//     ->EndObject();
+//
+//   // Actual testing
+//   mock.StartObject(StringPiece())
+//         ->RenderString("key", "value")
+//       ->EndObject();
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using testing::IsEmpty;
+using testing::NanSensitiveDoubleEq;
+using testing::NanSensitiveFloatEq;
+using testing::Return;
+using testing::StrEq;
+using testing::TypedEq;
+
+class MockObjectWriter : public ObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  MockObjectWriter() {}
+
+  MOCK_METHOD1(StartObject, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece));
+  MOCK_METHOD0(EndObject, ObjectWriter*());
+  MOCK_METHOD1(StartList, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece));
+  MOCK_METHOD0(EndList, ObjectWriter*());
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderBool, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, bool));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderInt32, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, int32));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderUint32, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, uint32));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderInt64, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, int64));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderUint64, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, uint64));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderDouble, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, double));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderFloat, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, float));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderString, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, StringPiece));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(RenderBytes, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece, StringPiece));
+  MOCK_METHOD1(RenderNull, ObjectWriter*(StringPiece));
+};
+
+class ExpectingObjectWriter : public ObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  explicit ExpectingObjectWriter(MockObjectWriter* mock) : mock_(mock) {}
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* StartObject(StringPiece name) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, StartObject(IsEmpty()))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, StartObject(StrEq(name.ToString()))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* EndObject() {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, EndObject())
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* StartList(StringPiece name) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, StartList(IsEmpty()))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, StartList(StrEq(name.ToString()))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* EndList() {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, EndList())
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderBool(StringPiece name, bool value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderBool(IsEmpty(), TypedEq<bool>(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderBool(StrEq(name.ToString()),
+                                          TypedEq<bool>(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderInt32(StringPiece name, int32 value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderInt32(IsEmpty(), TypedEq<int32>(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderInt32(StrEq(name.ToString()),
+                                           TypedEq<int32>(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderUint32(StringPiece name, uint32 value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderUint32(IsEmpty(), TypedEq<uint32>(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderUint32(StrEq(name.ToString()),
+                                            TypedEq<uint32>(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderInt64(StringPiece name, int64 value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderInt64(IsEmpty(), TypedEq<int64>(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderInt64(StrEq(name.ToString()),
+                                           TypedEq<int64>(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderUint64(StringPiece name, uint64 value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderUint64(IsEmpty(), TypedEq<uint64>(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderUint64(StrEq(name.ToString()),
+                                            TypedEq<uint64>(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderDouble(StringPiece name, double value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderDouble(IsEmpty(),
+                                            NanSensitiveDoubleEq(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderDouble(StrEq(name.ToString()),
+                                            NanSensitiveDoubleEq(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderFloat(StringPiece name, float value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderFloat(IsEmpty(),
+                                           NanSensitiveFloatEq(value)))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderFloat(StrEq(name.ToString()),
+                                           NanSensitiveFloatEq(value))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderString(StringPiece name, StringPiece value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderString(IsEmpty(),
+               TypedEq<StringPiece>(value.ToString())))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderString(StrEq(name.ToString()),
+               TypedEq<StringPiece>(value.ToString()))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderBytes(StringPiece name, StringPiece value) {
+    (name.empty()
+         ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderBytes(IsEmpty(), TypedEq<StringPiece>(
+                                                          value.ToString())))
+         : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_,
+                       RenderBytes(StrEq(name.ToString()),
+                                   TypedEq<StringPiece>(value.ToString()))))
+        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+        .RetiresOnSaturation();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderNull(StringPiece name) {
+    (name.empty() ? EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderNull(IsEmpty()))
+                  : EXPECT_CALL(*mock_, RenderNull(StrEq(name.ToString())))
+                        .WillOnce(Return(mock_))
+                        .RetiresOnSaturation());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  MockObjectWriter* mock_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(ExpectingObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_EXPECTING_OBJECTWRITER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..92468959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h>
+
+namespace google {
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+namespace {
+inline util::Status CallPathSink(PathSinkCallback path_sink,
+                                   StringPiece arg) {
+  return path_sink->Run(arg);
+}
+
+util::Status CreatePublicError(util::error::Code code,
+                                 const string& message) {
+  return util::Status(code, message);
+}
+
+// Appends a FieldMask path segment to a prefix.
+string AppendPathSegmentToPrefix(StringPiece prefix, StringPiece segment) {
+  if (prefix.empty()) {
+    return segment.ToString();
+  }
+  if (segment.empty()) {
+    return prefix.ToString();
+  }
+  // If the segment is a map key, appends it to the prefix without the ".".
+  if (segment.starts_with("[\"")) {
+    return StrCat(prefix, segment);
+  }
+  return StrCat(prefix, ".", segment);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+string ConvertFieldMaskPath(const StringPiece path,
+                            ConverterCallback converter) {
+  string result;
+  result.reserve(path.size() << 1);
+
+  bool is_quoted = false;
+  bool is_escaping = false;
+  int current_segment_start = 0;
+
+  // Loops until 1 passed the end of the input to make handling the last
+  // segment easier.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i <= path.size(); ++i) {
+    // Outputs quoted string as-is.
+    if (is_quoted) {
+      if (i == path.size()) {
+        break;
+      }
+      result.push_back(path[i]);
+      if (is_escaping) {
+        is_escaping = false;
+      } else if (path[i] == '\\') {
+        is_escaping = true;
+      } else if (path[i] == '\"') {
+        current_segment_start = i + 1;
+        is_quoted = false;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (i == path.size() || path[i] == '.' || path[i] == '(' ||
+        path[i] == ')' || path[i] == '\"') {
+      result += converter(
+          path.substr(current_segment_start, i - current_segment_start));
+      if (i < path.size()) {
+        result.push_back(path[i]);
+      }
+      current_segment_start = i + 1;
+    }
+    if (i < path.size() && path[i] == '\"') {
+      is_quoted = true;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status DecodeCompactFieldMaskPaths(StringPiece paths,
+                                           PathSinkCallback path_sink) {
+  stack<string> prefix;
+  int length = paths.length();
+  int previous_position = 0;
+  bool in_map_key = false;
+  bool is_escaping = false;
+  // Loops until 1 passed the end of the input to make the handle of the last
+  // segment easier.
+  for (int i = 0; i <= length; ++i) {
+    if (i != length) {
+      // Skips everything in a map key until we hit the end of it, which is
+      // marked by an un-escaped '"' immediately followed by a ']'.
+      if (in_map_key) {
+        if (is_escaping) {
+          is_escaping = false;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (paths[i] == '\\') {
+          is_escaping = true;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (paths[i] != '\"') {
+          continue;
+        }
+        // Un-escaped '"' must be followed with a ']'.
+        if (i >= length - 1 || paths[i + 1] != ']') {
+          return CreatePublicError(
+              util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+              StrCat("Invalid FieldMask '", paths,
+                     "'. Map keys should be represented as [\"some_key\"]."));
+        }
+        // The end of the map key ("\"]") has been found.
+        in_map_key = false;
+        // Skips ']'.
+        i++;
+        // Checks whether the key ends at the end of a path segment.
+        if (i < length - 1 && paths[i + 1] != '.' && paths[i + 1] != ',' &&
+            paths[i + 1] != ')' && paths[i + 1] != '(') {
+          return CreatePublicError(
+              util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+              StrCat("Invalid FieldMask '", paths,
+                     "'. Map keys should be at the end of a path segment."));
+        }
+        is_escaping = false;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // We are not in a map key, look for the start of one.
+      if (paths[i] == '[') {
+        if (i >= length - 1 || paths[i + 1] != '\"') {
+          return CreatePublicError(
+              util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+              StrCat("Invalid FieldMask '", paths,
+                     "'. Map keys should be represented as [\"some_key\"]."));
+        }
+        // "[\"" starts a map key.
+        in_map_key = true;
+        i++;  // Skips the '\"'.
+        continue;
+      }
+      // If the current character is not a special character (',', '(' or ')'),
+      // continue to the next.
+      if (paths[i] != ',' && paths[i] != ')' && paths[i] != '(') {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    // Gets the current segment - sub-string between previous position (after
+    // '(', ')', ',', or the beginning of the input) and the current position.
+    StringPiece segment =
+        paths.substr(previous_position, i - previous_position);
+    string current_prefix = prefix.empty() ? "" : prefix.top();
+
+    if (i < length && paths[i] == '(') {
+      // Builds a prefix and save it into the stack.
+      prefix.push(AppendPathSegmentToPrefix(current_prefix, segment));
+    } else if (!segment.empty()) {
+      // When the current charactor is ')', ',' or the current position has
+      // passed the end of the input, builds and outputs a new paths by
+      // concatenating the last prefix with the current segment.
+      RETURN_IF_ERROR(CallPathSink(
+          path_sink, AppendPathSegmentToPrefix(current_prefix, segment)));
+    }
+
+    // Removes the last prefix after seeing a ')'.
+    if (i < length && paths[i] == ')') {
+      if (prefix.empty()) {
+        return CreatePublicError(
+            util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+            StrCat("Invalid FieldMask '", paths,
+                   "'. Cannot find matching '(' for all ')'."));
+      }
+      prefix.pop();
+    }
+    previous_position = i + 1;
+  }
+  if (in_map_key) {
+    return CreatePublicError(
+        util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+        StrCat("Invalid FieldMask '", paths,
+               "'. Cannot find matching ']' for all '['."));
+  }
+  if (!prefix.empty()) {
+    return CreatePublicError(
+        util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+        StrCat("Invalid FieldMask '", paths,
+               "'. Cannot find matching ')' for all '('."));
+  }
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59f36f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// FieldMask related utility methods.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_FIELD_MASK_UTILITY_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_FIELD_MASK_UTILITY_H__
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <stack>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+typedef string (*ConverterCallback)(StringPiece);
+typedef ResultCallback1<util::Status, StringPiece>* PathSinkCallback;
+
+// Applies a 'converter' to each segment of a FieldMask path and returns the
+// result. Quoted strings in the 'path' are copied to the output as-is without
+// converting their content. Escaping is supported within quoted strings.
+// For example, "ab\"_c" will be returned as "ab\"_c" without any changes.
+string ConvertFieldMaskPath(const StringPiece path,
+                            ConverterCallback converter);
+
+// Decodes a compact list of FieldMasks. For example, "a.b,a.c.d,a.c.e" will be
+// decoded into a list of field paths - "a.b", "a.c.d", "a.c.e". And the results
+// will be sent to 'path_sink', i.e. 'path_sink' will be called once per
+// resulting path.
+// Note that we also support Apiary style FieldMask form. The above example in
+// the Apiary style will look like "a.b,a.c(d,e)".
+util::Status DecodeCompactFieldMaskPaths(StringPiece paths,
+                                           PathSinkCallback path_sink);
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_FIELD_MASK_UTILITY_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ac23421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Array of hex characters for conversion to hex.
+static const char kHex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+// Characters 0x00 to 0x9f are very commonly used, so we provide a special
+// table lookup.
+//
+// For unicode code point ch < 0xa0:
+// kCommonEscapes[ch] is the escaped string of ch, if escaping is needed;
+//                    or an empty string, if escaping is not needed.
+static const char kCommonEscapes[160][7] = {
+  // C0 (ASCII and derivatives) control characters
+  "\\u0000", "\\u0001", "\\u0002", "\\u0003",  // 0x00
+  "\\u0004", "\\u0005", "\\u0006", "\\u0007",
+  "\\b",     "\\t",     "\\n",     "\\u000b",
+  "\\f",     "\\r",     "\\u000e", "\\u000f",
+  "\\u0010", "\\u0011", "\\u0012", "\\u0013",  // 0x10
+  "\\u0014", "\\u0015", "\\u0016", "\\u0017",
+  "\\u0018", "\\u0019", "\\u001a", "\\u001b",
+  "\\u001c", "\\u001d", "\\u001e", "\\u001f",
+  // Escaping of " and \ are required by www.json.org string definition.
+  // Escaping of < and > are required for HTML security.
+  "", "", "\\\"", "", "",        "", "",        "",  // 0x20
+  "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",
+  "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",  // 0x30
+  "", "", "",     "", "\\u003c", "", "\\u003e", "",
+  "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",  // 0x40
+  "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",
+  "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",  // 0x50
+  "", "", "",     "", "\\\\",    "", "",        "",
+  "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",  // 0x60
+  "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",
+  "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "",  // 0x70
+  "", "", "",     "", "",        "", "",        "\\u007f",
+  // C1 (ISO 8859 and Unicode) extended control characters
+  "\\u0080", "\\u0081", "\\u0082", "\\u0083",  // 0x80
+  "\\u0084", "\\u0085", "\\u0086", "\\u0087",
+  "\\u0088", "\\u0089", "\\u008a", "\\u008b",
+  "\\u008c", "\\u008d", "\\u008e", "\\u008f",
+  "\\u0090", "\\u0091", "\\u0092", "\\u0093",  // 0x90
+  "\\u0094", "\\u0095", "\\u0096", "\\u0097",
+  "\\u0098", "\\u0099", "\\u009a", "\\u009b",
+  "\\u009c", "\\u009d", "\\u009e", "\\u009f"
+};
+
+// Determines if the given char value is a unicode high-surrogate code unit.
+// Such values do not represent characters by themselves, but are used in the
+// representation of supplementary characters in the utf-16 encoding.
+inline bool IsHighSurrogate(uint16 c) {
+  // Optimized form of:
+  // return c >= kMinHighSurrogate && c <= kMaxHighSurrogate;
+  // (Reduced from 3 ALU instructions to 2 ALU instructions)
+  return (c & ~(JsonEscaping::kMaxHighSurrogate -
+                JsonEscaping::kMinHighSurrogate))
+      == JsonEscaping::kMinHighSurrogate;
+}
+
+// Determines if the given char value is a unicode low-surrogate code unit.
+// Such values do not represent characters by themselves, but are used in the
+// representation of supplementary characters in the utf-16 encoding.
+inline bool IsLowSurrogate(uint16 c) {
+  // Optimized form of:
+  // return c >= kMinLowSurrogate && c <= kMaxLowSurrogate;
+  // (Reduced from 3 ALU instructions to 2 ALU instructions)
+  return (c & ~(JsonEscaping::kMaxLowSurrogate -
+                JsonEscaping::kMinLowSurrogate))
+      == JsonEscaping::kMinLowSurrogate;
+}
+
+// Determines if the given char value is a unicode surrogate code unit (either
+// high-surrogate or low-surrogate).
+inline bool IsSurrogate(uint32 c) {
+  // Optimized form of:
+  // return c >= kMinHighSurrogate && c <= kMaxLowSurrogate;
+  // (Reduced from 3 ALU instructions to 2 ALU instructions)
+  return (c & 0xfffff800) == JsonEscaping::kMinHighSurrogate;
+}
+
+// Returns true if the given unicode code point cp is
+// in the supplementary character range.
+inline bool IsSupplementalCodePoint(uint32 cp) {
+  // Optimized form of:
+  // return kMinSupplementaryCodePoint <= cp && cp <= kMaxCodePoint;
+  // (Reduced from 3 ALU instructions to 2 ALU instructions)
+  return (cp & ~(JsonEscaping::kMinSupplementaryCodePoint - 1))
+      < JsonEscaping::kMaxCodePoint;
+}
+
+// Returns true if the given unicode code point cp is a valid
+// unicode code point (i.e. in the range 0 <= cp <= kMaxCodePoint).
+inline bool IsValidCodePoint(uint32 cp) {
+  return cp <= JsonEscaping::kMaxCodePoint;
+}
+
+// Converts the specified surrogate pair to its supplementary code point value.
+// It is the callers' responsibility to validate the specified surrogate pair.
+inline uint32 ToCodePoint(uint16 high, uint16 low) {
+  // Optimized form of:
+  // return ((high - kMinHighSurrogate) << 10)
+  //     + (low - kMinLowSurrogate)
+  //     + kMinSupplementaryCodePoint;
+  // (Reduced from 5 ALU instructions to 3 ALU instructions)
+  return (high << 10) + low +
+      (JsonEscaping::kMinSupplementaryCodePoint
+       - (static_cast<unsigned>(JsonEscaping::kMinHighSurrogate) << 10)
+       - JsonEscaping::kMinLowSurrogate);
+}
+
+// Returns the low surrogate for the given unicode code point. The result is
+// meaningless if the given code point is not a supplementary character.
+inline uint16 ToLowSurrogate(uint32 cp) {
+  return (cp & (JsonEscaping::kMaxLowSurrogate
+                - JsonEscaping::kMinLowSurrogate))
+      + JsonEscaping::kMinLowSurrogate;
+}
+
+// Returns the high surrogate for the given unicode code point. The result is
+// meaningless if the given code point is not a supplementary character.
+inline uint16 ToHighSurrogate(uint32 cp) {
+  return (cp >> 10) + (JsonEscaping::kMinHighSurrogate -
+                       (JsonEscaping::kMinSupplementaryCodePoint >> 10));
+}
+
+// Input str is encoded in UTF-8. A unicode code point could be encoded in
+// UTF-8 using anywhere from 1 to 4 characters, and it could span multiple
+// reads of the ByteSource.
+//
+// This function reads the next unicode code point from the input (str) at
+// the given position (index), taking into account any left-over partial
+// code point from the previous iteration (cp), together with the number
+// of characters left to read to complete this code point (num_left).
+//
+// This function assumes that the input (str) is valid at the given position
+// (index). In order words, at least one character could be read successfully.
+//
+// The code point read (partial or complete) is stored in (cp). Upon return,
+// (num_left) stores the number of characters that has yet to be read in
+// order to complete the current unicode code point. If the read is complete,
+// then (num_left) is 0. Also, (num_read) is the number of characters read.
+//
+// Returns false if we encounter an invalid UTF-8 string. Returns true
+// otherwise, including the case when we reach the end of the input (str)
+// before a complete unicode code point is read.
+bool ReadCodePoint(StringPiece str, int index,
+                   uint32 *cp, int* num_left, int *num_read) {
+  if (*num_left == 0) {
+    // Last read was complete. Start reading a new unicode code point.
+    *cp = str[index++];
+    *num_read = 1;
+    // The length of the code point is determined from reading the first byte.
+    //
+    // If the first byte is between:
+    //    0..0x7f: that's the value of the code point.
+    // 0x80..0xbf: <invalid>
+    // 0xc0..0xdf: 11-bit code point encoded in 2 bytes.
+    //                                   bit 10-6, bit 5-0
+    // 0xe0..0xef: 16-bit code point encoded in 3 bytes.
+    //                        bit 15-12, bit 11-6, bit 5-0
+    // 0xf0..0xf7: 21-bit code point encoded in 4 bytes.
+    //             bit 20-18, bit 17-12, bit 11-6, bit 5-0
+    // 0xf8..0xff: <invalid>
+    //
+    // Meaning of each bit:
+    // <msb> bit 7: 0 - single byte code point: bits 6-0 are values.
+    //              1 - multibyte code point
+    //       bit 6: 0 - subsequent bytes of multibyte code point:
+    //                  bits 5-0 are values.
+    //              1 - first byte of multibyte code point
+    //       bit 5: 0 - first byte of 2-byte code point: bits 4-0 are values.
+    //              1 - first byte of code point with >= 3 bytes.
+    //       bit 4: 0 - first byte of 3-byte code point: bits 3-0 are values.
+    //              1 - first byte of code point with >= 4 bytes.
+    //       bit 3: 0 - first byte of 4-byte code point: bits 2-0 are values.
+    //              1 - reserved for future expansion.
+    if (*cp <= 0x7f) {
+      return true;
+    } else if (*cp <= 0xbf) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (*cp <= 0xdf) {
+      *cp &= 0x1f;
+      *num_left = 1;
+    } else if (*cp <= 0xef) {
+      *cp &= 0x0f;
+      *num_left = 2;
+    } else if (*cp <= 0xf7) {
+      *cp &= 0x07;
+      *num_left = 3;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Last read was partial. Initialize num_read to 0 and continue reading
+    // the last unicode code point.
+    *num_read = 0;
+  }
+  while (*num_left > 0 && index < str.size()) {
+    uint32 ch = str[index++];
+    --(*num_left);
+    ++(*num_read);
+    *cp = (*cp << 6) | (ch & 0x3f);
+    if (ch < 0x80 || ch > 0xbf) return false;
+  }
+  return *num_left > 0 || (!IsSurrogate(*cp) && IsValidCodePoint(*cp));
+}
+
+// Stores the 16-bit unicode code point as its hexadecimal digits in buffer
+// and returns a StringPiece that points to this buffer. The input buffer needs
+// to be at least 6 bytes long.
+StringPiece ToHex(uint16 cp, char* buffer) {
+  buffer[5] = kHex[cp & 0x0f];
+  cp >>= 4;
+  buffer[4] = kHex[cp & 0x0f];
+  cp >>= 4;
+  buffer[3] = kHex[cp & 0x0f];
+  cp >>= 4;
+  buffer[2] = kHex[cp & 0x0f];
+  return StringPiece(buffer, 0, 6);
+}
+
+// Stores the 32-bit unicode code point as its hexadecimal digits in buffer
+// and returns a StringPiece that points to this buffer. The input buffer needs
+// to be at least 12 bytes long.
+StringPiece ToSurrogateHex(uint32 cp, char* buffer) {
+  uint16 low = ToLowSurrogate(cp);
+  uint16 high = ToHighSurrogate(cp);
+
+  buffer[11] = kHex[low & 0x0f];
+  low >>= 4;
+  buffer[10] = kHex[low & 0x0f];
+  low >>= 4;
+  buffer[9] = kHex[low & 0x0f];
+  low >>= 4;
+  buffer[8] = kHex[low & 0x0f];
+
+  buffer[5] = kHex[high & 0x0f];
+  high >>= 4;
+  buffer[4] = kHex[high & 0x0f];
+  high >>= 4;
+  buffer[3] = kHex[high & 0x0f];
+  high >>= 4;
+  buffer[2] = kHex[high & 0x0f];
+
+  return StringPiece(buffer, 12);
+}
+
+// If the given unicode code point needs escaping, then returns the
+// escaped form. The returned StringPiece either points to statically
+// pre-allocated char[] or to the given buffer. The input buffer needs
+// to be at least 12 bytes long.
+//
+// If the given unicode code point does not need escaping, an empty
+// StringPiece is returned.
+StringPiece EscapeCodePoint(uint32 cp, char* buffer) {
+  if (cp < 0xa0) return kCommonEscapes[cp];
+  switch (cp) {
+    // These are not required by json spec
+    // but used to prevent security bugs in javascript.
+    case 0xfeff:  // Zero width no-break space
+    case 0xfff9:  // Interlinear annotation anchor
+    case 0xfffa:  // Interlinear annotation separator
+    case 0xfffb:  // Interlinear annotation terminator
+
+    case 0x00ad:  // Soft-hyphen
+    case 0x06dd:  // Arabic end of ayah
+    case 0x070f:  // Syriac abbreviation mark
+    case 0x17b4:  // Khmer vowel inherent Aq
+    case 0x17b5:  // Khmer vowel inherent Aa
+      return ToHex(cp, buffer);
+
+    default:
+      if ((cp >= 0x0600 && cp <= 0x0603) ||  // Arabic signs
+          (cp >= 0x200b && cp <= 0x200f) ||  // Zero width etc.
+          (cp >= 0x2028 && cp <= 0x202e) ||  // Separators etc.
+          (cp >= 0x2060 && cp <= 0x2064) ||  // Invisible etc.
+          (cp >= 0x206a && cp <= 0x206f)) {  // Shaping etc.
+        return ToHex(cp, buffer);
+      }
+
+      if (cp == 0x000e0001 ||                        // Language tag
+          (cp >= 0x0001d173 && cp <= 0x0001d17a) ||  // Music formatting
+          (cp >= 0x000e0020 && cp <= 0x000e007f)) {  // TAG symbols
+        return ToSurrogateHex(cp, buffer);
+      }
+  }
+  return StringPiece();
+}
+
+// Tries to escape the given code point first. If the given code point
+// does not need to be escaped, but force_output is true, then render
+// the given multi-byte code point in UTF8 in the buffer and returns it.
+StringPiece EscapeCodePoint(uint32 cp, char* buffer, bool force_output) {
+  StringPiece sp = EscapeCodePoint(cp, buffer);
+  if (force_output && sp.empty()) {
+    buffer[5] = (cp & 0x3f) | 0x80;
+    cp >>= 6;
+    if (cp <= 0x1f) {
+      buffer[4] = cp | 0xc0;
+      sp.set(buffer + 4, 2);
+      return sp;
+    }
+    buffer[4] = (cp & 0x3f) | 0x80;
+    cp >>= 6;
+    if (cp <= 0x0f) {
+      buffer[3] = cp | 0xe0;
+      sp.set(buffer + 3, 3);
+      return sp;
+    }
+    buffer[3] = (cp & 0x3f) | 0x80;
+    buffer[2] = ((cp >> 6) & 0x07) | 0xf0;
+    sp.set(buffer + 2, 4);
+  }
+  return sp;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void JsonEscaping::Escape(strings::ByteSource* input,
+                          strings::ByteSink* output) {
+  char buffer[12] = "\\udead\\ubee";
+  uint32 cp = 0;     // Current unicode code point.
+  int num_left = 0;  // Num of chars to read to complete the code point.
+  while (input->Available() > 0) {
+    StringPiece str = input->Peek();
+    StringPiece escaped;
+    int i = 0;
+    int num_read;
+    bool ok;
+    bool cp_was_split = num_left > 0;
+    // Loop until we encounter either
+    //   i) a code point that needs to be escaped; or
+    //  ii) a split code point is completely read; or
+    // iii) a character that is not a valid utf8; or
+    //  iv) end of the StringPiece str is reached.
+    do {
+      ok = ReadCodePoint(str, i, &cp, &num_left, &num_read);
+      if (num_left > 0 || !ok) break;  // case iii or iv
+      escaped = EscapeCodePoint(cp, buffer, cp_was_split);
+      if (!escaped.empty()) break;     // case i or ii
+      i += num_read;
+      num_read = 0;
+    } while (i < str.length());        // case iv
+    // First copy the un-escaped prefix, if any, to the output ByteSink.
+    if (i > 0) input->CopyTo(output, i);
+    if (num_read > 0) input->Skip(num_read);
+    if (!ok) {
+      // Case iii: Report error.
+      // TODO(wpoon): Add error reporting.
+      num_left = 0;
+    } else if (num_left == 0 && !escaped.empty()) {
+      // Case i or ii: Append the escaped code point to the output ByteSink.
+      output->Append(escaped.data(), escaped.size());
+    }
+  }
+  if (num_left > 0) {
+    // Treat as case iii: report error.
+    // TODO(wpoon): Add error reporting.
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e3e329fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef NET_PROTO2_UTIL_CONVERTER_STRINGS_JSON_ESCAPING_H_
+#define NET_PROTO2_UTIL_CONVERTER_STRINGS_JSON_ESCAPING_H_
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class JsonEscaping {
+ public:
+  // The minimum value of a unicode high-surrogate code unit in the utf-16
+  // encoding. A high-surrogate is also known as a leading-surrogate.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#high_surrogate_code_unit
+  static const uint16 kMinHighSurrogate = 0xd800;
+
+  // The maximum value of a unicide high-surrogate code unit in the utf-16
+  // encoding. A high-surrogate is also known as a leading-surrogate.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#high_surrogate_code_unit
+  static const uint16 kMaxHighSurrogate = 0xdbff;
+
+  // The minimum value of a unicode low-surrogate code unit in the utf-16
+  // encoding. A low-surrogate is also known as a trailing-surrogate.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#low_surrogate_code_unit
+  static const uint16 kMinLowSurrogate = 0xdc00;
+
+  // The maximum value of a unicode low-surrogate code unit in the utf-16
+  // encoding. A low-surrogate is also known as a trailing surrogate.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#low_surrogate_code_unit
+  static const uint16 kMaxLowSurrogate = 0xdfff;
+
+  // The minimum value of a unicode supplementary code point.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#supplementary_code_point
+  static const uint32 kMinSupplementaryCodePoint = 0x010000;
+
+  // The minimum value of a unicode code point.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#code_point
+  static const uint32 kMinCodePoint = 0x000000;
+
+  // The maximum value of a unicode code point.
+  // See http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#code_point
+  static const uint32 kMaxCodePoint = 0x10ffff;
+
+  JsonEscaping() {}
+  virtual ~JsonEscaping() {}
+
+  // Escape the given ByteSource to the given ByteSink.
+  static void Escape(strings::ByteSource* input, strings::ByteSink* output);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(JsonEscaping);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+#endif  // NET_PROTO2_UTIL_CONVERTER_STRINGS_JSON_ESCAPING_H_
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c41515f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h>
+
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_escaping.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using strings::ArrayByteSource;
+
+JsonObjectWriter::~JsonObjectWriter() {
+  if (!element_->is_root()) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "JsonObjectWriter was not fully closed.";
+  }
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::StartObject(StringPiece name) {
+  WritePrefix(name);
+  WriteChar('{');
+  Push();
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::EndObject() {
+  Pop();
+  WriteChar('}');
+  if (element()->is_root()) NewLine();
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::StartList(StringPiece name) {
+  WritePrefix(name);
+  WriteChar('[');
+  Push();
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::EndList() {
+  Pop();
+  WriteChar(']');
+  if (element()->is_root()) NewLine();
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderBool(StringPiece name,
+                                               bool value) {
+  return RenderSimple(name, value ? "true" : "false");
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderInt32(StringPiece name,
+                                                int32 value) {
+  return RenderSimple(name, SimpleItoa(value));
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderUint32(StringPiece name,
+                                                 uint32 value) {
+  return RenderSimple(name, SimpleItoa(value));
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderInt64(StringPiece name,
+                                                int64 value) {
+  WritePrefix(name);
+  WriteChar('"');
+  stream_->WriteString(SimpleItoa(value));
+  WriteChar('"');
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderUint64(StringPiece name,
+                                                 uint64 value) {
+  WritePrefix(name);
+  WriteChar('"');
+  stream_->WriteString(SimpleItoa(value));
+  WriteChar('"');
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderDouble(StringPiece name,
+                                                 double value) {
+  if (isfinite(value)) return RenderSimple(name, SimpleDtoa(value));
+
+  // Render quoted with NaN/Infinity-aware DoubleAsString.
+  return RenderString(name, DoubleAsString(value));
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderFloat(StringPiece name,
+                                                float value) {
+  if (isfinite(value)) return RenderSimple(name, SimpleFtoa(value));
+
+  // Render quoted with NaN/Infinity-aware FloatAsString.
+  return RenderString(name, FloatAsString(value));
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderString(StringPiece name,
+                                                 StringPiece value) {
+  WritePrefix(name);
+  WriteChar('"');
+  ArrayByteSource source(value);
+  JsonEscaping::Escape(&source, &sink_);
+  WriteChar('"');
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderBytes(StringPiece name,
+                                                StringPiece value) {
+  WritePrefix(name);
+  string base64;
+  WebSafeBase64EscapeWithPadding(value, &base64);
+  WriteChar('"');
+  // TODO(wpoon): Consider a ByteSink solution that writes the base64 bytes
+  //              directly to the stream, rather than first putting them
+  //              into a string and then writing them to the stream.
+  stream_->WriteRaw(base64.data(), base64.size());
+  WriteChar('"');
+  return this;
+}
+
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderNull(StringPiece name) {
+  return RenderSimple(name, "null");
+}
+
+void JsonObjectWriter::WritePrefix(StringPiece name) {
+  bool not_first = !element()->is_first();
+  if (not_first) WriteChar(',');
+  if (not_first || !element()->is_root()) NewLine();
+  if (!name.empty()) {
+    WriteChar('"');
+    ArrayByteSource source(name);
+    JsonEscaping::Escape(&source, &sink_);
+    stream_->WriteString("\":");
+    if (!indent_string_.empty()) WriteChar(' ');
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..761a0a10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_JSON_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_JSON_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/structured_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// An ObjectWriter implementation that outputs JSON. This ObjectWriter
+// supports writing a compact form or a pretty printed form.
+//
+// Sample usage:
+//   string output;
+//   StringOutputStream* str_stream = new StringOutputStream(&output);
+//   CodedOutputStream* out_stream = new CodedOutputStream(str_stream);
+//   JsonObjectWriter* ow = new JsonObjectWriter("  ", out_stream);
+//   ow->StartObject("")
+//       ->RenderString("name", "value")
+//       ->RenderString("emptystring", string())
+//       ->StartObject("nested")
+//         ->RenderInt64("light", 299792458);
+//         ->RenderDouble("pi", 3.141592653589793);
+//       ->EndObject()
+//       ->StartList("empty")
+//       ->EndList()
+//     ->EndObject();
+//
+// And then the output string would become:
+// {
+//   "name": "value",
+//   "emptystring": "",
+//   "nested": {
+//     "light": "299792458",
+//     "pi": 3.141592653589793
+//   },
+//   "empty": []
+// }
+//
+// JsonObjectWriter does not validate if calls actually result in valid JSON.
+// For example, passing an empty name when one would be required won't result
+// in an error, just an invalid output.
+//
+// Note that all int64 and uint64 are rendered as strings instead of numbers.
+// This is because JavaScript parses numbers as 64-bit float thus int64 and
+// uint64 would lose precision if rendered as numbers.
+//
+// JsonObjectWriter is thread-unsafe.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT JsonObjectWriter : public StructuredObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  JsonObjectWriter(StringPiece indent_string,
+                   google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* out)
+      : element_(new Element(NULL)),
+        stream_(out), sink_(out),
+        indent_string_(indent_string.ToString()) {
+  }
+  virtual ~JsonObjectWriter();
+
+  // ObjectWriter methods.
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* StartObject(StringPiece name);
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* EndObject();
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* StartList(StringPiece name);
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* EndList();
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderBool(StringPiece name, bool value);
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderInt32(StringPiece name, int32 value);
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderUint32(StringPiece name, uint32 value);
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderInt64(StringPiece name, int64 value);
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderUint64(StringPiece name, uint64 value);
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderDouble(StringPiece name, double value);
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderFloat(StringPiece name, float value);
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderString(StringPiece name, StringPiece value);
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderBytes(StringPiece name, StringPiece value);
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderNull(StringPiece name);
+
+ protected:
+  class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Element : public BaseElement {
+   public:
+    explicit Element(Element* parent) : BaseElement(parent), is_first_(true) {}
+
+    // Called before each field of the Element is to be processed.
+    // Returns true if this is the first call (processing the first field).
+    bool is_first() {
+      if (is_first_) {
+        is_first_ = false;
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    bool is_first_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(Element);
+  };
+
+  virtual Element* element() { return element_.get(); }
+
+ private:
+  class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ByteSinkWrapper : public strings::ByteSink {
+   public:
+    explicit ByteSinkWrapper(google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* stream)
+        : stream_(stream) {}
+    virtual ~ByteSinkWrapper() {}
+
+    // ByteSink methods.
+    virtual void Append(const char* bytes, size_t n) {
+      stream_->WriteRaw(bytes, n);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* stream_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ByteSinkWrapper);
+  };
+
+  // Renders a simple value as a string. By default all non-string Render
+  // methods convert their argument to a string and call this method. This
+  // method can then be used to render the simple value without escaping it.
+  JsonObjectWriter* RenderSimple(StringPiece name, const string& value) {
+    WritePrefix(name);
+    stream_->WriteString(value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // Pushes a new element to the stack.
+  void Push() { element_.reset(new Element(element_.release())); }
+
+  // Pops an element off of the stack and deletes the popped element.
+  void Pop() {
+    bool needs_newline = !element_->is_first();
+    element_.reset(element_->pop<Element>());
+    if (needs_newline) NewLine();
+  }
+
+  // If pretty printing is enabled, this will write a newline to the output,
+  // followed by optional indentation. Otherwise this method is a noop.
+  void NewLine() {
+    if (!indent_string_.empty()) {
+      WriteChar('\n');
+      for (int i = 0; i < element()->level(); i++) {
+        stream_->WriteString(indent_string_);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Writes a prefix. This will write out any pretty printing and
+  // commas that are required, followed by the name and a ':' if
+  // the name is not null.
+  void WritePrefix(StringPiece name);
+
+  // Writes an individual character to the output.
+  void WriteChar(const char c) { stream_->WriteRaw(&c, sizeof(c)); }
+
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Element> element_;
+  google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* stream_;
+  ByteSinkWrapper sink_;
+  const string indent_string_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(JsonObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_JSON_OBJECTWRITER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df9a133e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream;
+using google::protobuf::io::StringOutputStream;
+
+class JsonObjectWriterTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  JsonObjectWriterTest()
+      : str_stream_(new StringOutputStream(&output_)),
+        out_stream_(new CodedOutputStream(str_stream_)),
+        ow_(NULL) {}
+
+  virtual ~JsonObjectWriterTest() {
+    delete ow_;
+    delete out_stream_;
+    delete str_stream_;
+  }
+
+  string output_;
+  StringOutputStream* const str_stream_;
+  CodedOutputStream* const out_stream_;
+  ObjectWriter* ow_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, EmptyRootObject) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{}", output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, EmptyObject) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("test", "value")
+      ->StartObject("empty")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"test\":\"value\",\"empty\":{}}",
+            output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, EmptyRootList) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartList("")->EndList();
+  EXPECT_EQ("[]", output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, EmptyList) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("test", "value")
+      ->StartList("empty")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"test\":\"value\",\"empty\":[]}",
+            output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, ObjectInObject) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("nested")
+      ->RenderString("field", "value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"nested\":{\"field\":\"value\"}}",
+            output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, ListInObject) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("nested")
+      ->RenderString("", "value")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"nested\":[\"value\"]}",
+            output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, ObjectInList) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartList("")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("field", "value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList();
+  EXPECT_EQ("[{\"field\":\"value\"}]",
+            output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, ListInList) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartList("")
+      ->StartList("")
+      ->RenderString("", "value")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndList();
+  EXPECT_EQ("[[\"value\"]]", output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, RenderPrimitives) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderBool("bool", true)
+      ->RenderDouble("double", std::numeric_limits<double>::max())
+      ->RenderFloat("float", std::numeric_limits<float>::max())
+      ->RenderInt32("int", std::numeric_limits<int32>::min())
+      ->RenderInt64("long", std::numeric_limits<int64>::min())
+      ->RenderBytes("bytes", "abracadabra")
+      ->RenderString("string", "string")
+      ->RenderBytes("emptybytes", "")
+      ->RenderString("emptystring", string())
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\"bool\":true,"
+      "\"double\":" + ValueAsString<double>(1.7976931348623157e+308) + ","
+      "\"float\":" + ValueAsString<float>(3.4028235e+38) + ","
+      "\"int\":-2147483648,"
+      "\"long\":\"-9223372036854775808\","
+      "\"bytes\":\"YWJyYWNhZGFicmE=\","
+      "\"string\":\"string\","
+      "\"emptybytes\":\"\","
+      "\"emptystring\":\"\"}",
+      output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, BytesEncodesAsWebSafeBase64) {
+  string s;
+  s.push_back('\377');
+  s.push_back('\357');
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderBytes("bytes", s)->EndObject();
+  // Non-web-safe would encode this as "/+8="
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"bytes\":\"_-8=\"}",
+            output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, PrettyPrintList) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter(" ", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("items")
+      ->RenderString("", "item1")
+      ->RenderString("", "item2")
+      ->RenderString("", "item3")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("empty")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\n"
+      " \"items\": [\n"
+      "  \"item1\",\n"
+      "  \"item2\",\n"
+      "  \"item3\"\n"
+      " ],\n"
+      " \"empty\": []\n"
+      "}\n",
+      output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, PrettyPrintObject) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter(" ", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("items")
+      ->RenderString("key1", "item1")
+      ->RenderString("key2", "item2")
+      ->RenderString("key3", "item3")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("empty")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\n"
+      " \"items\": {\n"
+      "  \"key1\": \"item1\",\n"
+      "  \"key2\": \"item2\",\n"
+      "  \"key3\": \"item3\"\n"
+      " },\n"
+      " \"empty\": {}\n"
+      "}\n",
+      output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, PrettyPrintEmptyObjectInEmptyList) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter(" ", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("list")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\n"
+      " \"list\": [\n"
+      "  {}\n"
+      " ]\n"
+      "}\n",
+      output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, PrettyPrintDoubleIndent) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("  ", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderBool("bool", true)
+      ->RenderInt32("int", 42)
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\n"
+      "  \"bool\": true,\n"
+      "  \"int\": 42\n"
+      "}\n",
+      output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, StringsEscapedAndEnclosedInDoubleQuotes) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("string", "'<>&amp;\\\"\r\n")->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"string\":\"'\\u003c\\u003e&amp;\\\\\\\"\\r\\n\"}",
+            output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, Stringification) {
+  ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderDouble("double_nan", std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())
+      ->RenderFloat("float_nan", std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN())
+      ->RenderDouble("double_pos", std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity())
+      ->RenderFloat("float_pos", std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity())
+      ->RenderDouble("double_neg", -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity())
+      ->RenderFloat("float_neg", -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity())
+      ->EndObject();
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\"double_nan\":\"NaN\","
+      "\"float_nan\":\"NaN\","
+      "\"double_pos\":\"Infinity\","
+      "\"float_pos\":\"Infinity\","
+      "\"double_neg\":\"-Infinity\","
+      "\"float_neg\":\"-Infinity\"}",
+      output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d439a221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,740 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+// Allow these symbols to be referenced as util::Status, util::error::* in
+// this file.
+using util::Status;
+namespace error {
+using util::error::INTERNAL;
+using util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+}  // namespace error
+
+namespace converter {
+
+// Number of digits in a unicode escape sequence (/uXXXX)
+static const int kUnicodeEscapedLength = 6;
+
+// Length of the true, false, and null literals.
+static const int true_len = strlen("true");
+static const int false_len = strlen("false");
+static const int null_len = strlen("null");
+
+inline bool IsLetter(char c) {
+  return ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || (c == '_') ||
+         (c == '$');
+}
+
+inline bool IsAlphanumeric(char c) {
+  return IsLetter(c) || ('0' <= c && c <= '9');
+}
+
+static bool ConsumeKey(StringPiece* input, StringPiece* key) {
+  if (input->empty() || !IsLetter((*input)[0])) return false;
+  int len = 1;
+  for (; len < input->size(); ++len) {
+    if (!IsAlphanumeric((*input)[len])) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  *key = StringPiece(input->data(), len);
+  *input = StringPiece(input->data() + len, input->size() - len);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool MatchKey(StringPiece input) {
+  return !input.empty() && IsLetter(input[0]);
+}
+
+JsonStreamParser::JsonStreamParser(ObjectWriter* ow)
+    : ow_(ow),
+      stack_(),
+      leftover_(),
+      json_(),
+      p_(),
+      key_(),
+      key_storage_(),
+      finishing_(false),
+      parsed_(),
+      parsed_storage_(),
+      string_open_(0),
+      utf8_storage_(),
+      utf8_length_(0) {
+  // Initialize the stack with a single value to be parsed.
+  stack_.push(VALUE);
+}
+
+JsonStreamParser::~JsonStreamParser() {}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::Parse(StringPiece json) {
+  return ParseChunk(json);
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::FinishParse() {
+  // If we do not expect anything and there is nothing left to parse we're all
+  // done.
+  if (stack_.empty() && leftover_.empty()) {
+    return util::Status::OK;
+  }
+  // Parse the remainder in finishing mode, which reports errors for things like
+  // unterminated strings or unknown tokens that would normally be retried.
+  p_ = json_ = StringPiece(leftover_);
+  finishing_ = true;
+  util::Status result = RunParser();
+  if (result.ok()) {
+    SkipWhitespace();
+    if (!p_.empty()) {
+      result = ReportFailure("Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseChunk(StringPiece chunk) {
+  // If we have leftovers from a previous chunk, append the new chunk to it and
+  // create a new StringPiece pointing at the string's data. This could be
+  // large but we rely on the chunks to be small, assuming they are fragments
+  // of a Cord.
+  if (!leftover_.empty()) {
+    chunk.AppendToString(&leftover_);
+    p_ = json_ = StringPiece(leftover_);
+  } else {
+    p_ = json_ = chunk;
+  }
+
+  finishing_ = false;
+  util::Status result = RunParser();
+  if (!result.ok()) return result;
+
+  SkipWhitespace();
+  if (p_.empty()) {
+    // If we parsed everything we had, clear the leftover.
+    leftover_.clear();
+  } else {
+    // If we do not expect anything i.e. stack is empty, and we have non-empty
+    // string left to parse, we report an error.
+    if (stack_.empty()) {
+      return ReportFailure("Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+    }
+    // If we expect future data i.e. stack is non-empty, and we have some
+    // unparsed data left, we save it for later parse.
+    leftover_ = p_.ToString();
+  }
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::RunParser() {
+  while (!stack_.empty()) {
+    ParseType type = stack_.top();
+    TokenType t = (string_open_ == 0) ? GetNextTokenType() : BEGIN_STRING;
+    stack_.pop();
+    util::Status result;
+    switch (type) {
+      case VALUE:
+        result = ParseValue(t);
+        break;
+
+      case OBJ_MID:
+        result = ParseObjectMid(t);
+        break;
+
+      case ENTRY:
+        result = ParseEntry(t);
+        break;
+
+      case ENTRY_MID:
+        result = ParseEntryMid(t);
+        break;
+
+      case ARRAY_VALUE:
+        result = ParseArrayValue(t);
+        break;
+
+      case ARRAY_MID:
+        result = ParseArrayMid(t);
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        result = util::Status(util::error::INTERNAL,
+                              StrCat("Unknown parse type: ", type));
+        break;
+    }
+    if (!result.ok()) {
+      // If we were cancelled, save our state and try again later.
+      if (!finishing_ && result == util::Status::CANCELLED) {
+        stack_.push(type);
+        // If we have a key we still need to render, make sure to save off the
+        // contents in our own storage.
+        if (!key_.empty() && key_storage_.empty()) {
+          key_.AppendToString(&key_storage_);
+          key_ = StringPiece(key_storage_);
+        }
+        result = util::Status::OK;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseValue(TokenType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case BEGIN_OBJECT:
+      return HandleBeginObject();
+    case BEGIN_ARRAY:
+      return HandleBeginArray();
+    case BEGIN_STRING:
+      return ParseString();
+    case BEGIN_NUMBER:
+      return ParseNumber();
+    case BEGIN_TRUE:
+      return ParseTrue();
+    case BEGIN_FALSE:
+      return ParseFalse();
+    case BEGIN_NULL:
+      return ParseNull();
+    case UNKNOWN:
+      return ReportUnknown("Expected a value.");
+    default: {
+      // Special case for having been cut off while parsing, wait for more data.
+      // This handles things like 'fals' being at the end of the string, we
+      // don't know if the next char would be e, completing it, or something
+      // else, making it invalid.
+      if (!finishing_ && p_.length() < false_len) {
+        return util::Status::CANCELLED;
+      }
+      return ReportFailure("Unexpected token.");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseString() {
+  util::Status result = ParseStringHelper();
+  if (result.ok()) {
+    ow_->RenderString(key_, parsed_);
+    key_.clear();
+    parsed_.clear();
+    parsed_storage_.clear();
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseStringHelper() {
+  // If we haven't seen the start quote, grab it and remember it for later.
+  if (string_open_ == 0) {
+    string_open_ = *p_.data();
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(string_open_ == '\"' || string_open_ == '\'');
+    Advance();
+  }
+  // Track where we last copied data from so we can minimize copying.
+  const char* last = p_.data();
+  while (!p_.empty()) {
+    const char* data = p_.data();
+    if (*data == '\\') {
+      // We're about to handle an escape, copy all bytes from last to data.
+      if (last < data) {
+        parsed_storage_.append(last, data - last);
+        last = data;
+      }
+      // If we ran out of string after the \, cancel or report an error
+      // depending on if we expect more data later.
+      if (p_.length() == 1) {
+        if (!finishing_) {
+          return util::Status::CANCELLED;
+        }
+        return ReportFailure("Closing quote expected in string.");
+      }
+      // Parse a unicode escape if we found \u in the string.
+      if (data[1] == 'u') {
+        util::Status result = ParseUnicodeEscape();
+        if (!result.ok()) {
+          return result;
+        }
+        // Move last pointer past the unicode escape and continue.
+        last = p_.data();
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Handle the standard set of backslash-escaped characters.
+      switch (data[1]) {
+        case 'b':
+          parsed_storage_.push_back('\b');
+          break;
+        case 'f':
+          parsed_storage_.push_back('\f');
+          break;
+        case 'n':
+          parsed_storage_.push_back('\n');
+          break;
+        case 'r':
+          parsed_storage_.push_back('\r');
+          break;
+        case 't':
+          parsed_storage_.push_back('\t');
+          break;
+        case 'v':
+          parsed_storage_.push_back('\v');
+          break;
+        default:
+          parsed_storage_.push_back(data[1]);
+      }
+      // We handled two characters, so advance past them and continue.
+      p_.remove_prefix(2);
+      last = p_.data();
+      continue;
+    }
+    // If we found the closing quote note it, advance past it, and return.
+    if (*data == string_open_) {
+      // If we didn't copy anything, reuse the input buffer.
+      if (parsed_storage_.empty()) {
+        parsed_ = StringPiece(last, data - last);
+      } else {
+        if (last < data) {
+          parsed_storage_.append(last, data - last);
+          last = data;
+        }
+        parsed_ = StringPiece(parsed_storage_);
+      }
+      // Clear the quote char so next time we try to parse a string we'll
+      // start fresh.
+      string_open_ = 0;
+      Advance();
+      return util::Status::OK;
+    }
+    // Normal character, just advance past it.
+    Advance();
+  }
+  // If we ran out of characters, copy over what we have so far.
+  if (last < p_.data()) {
+    parsed_storage_.append(last, p_.data() - last);
+  }
+  // If we didn't find the closing quote but we expect more data, cancel for now
+  if (!finishing_) {
+    return util::Status::CANCELLED;
+  }
+  // End of string reached without a closing quote, report an error.
+  string_open_ = 0;
+  return ReportFailure("Closing quote expected in string.");
+}
+
+// Converts a unicode escaped character to a decimal value stored in a char32
+// for use in UTF8 encoding utility.  We assume that str begins with \uhhhh and
+// convert that from the hex number to a decimal value.
+//
+// There are some security exploits with UTF-8 that we should be careful of:
+//   - http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/#UTF-8_Exploit
+//   - http://sites/intl-eng/design-guide/core-application
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseUnicodeEscape() {
+  if (p_.length() < kUnicodeEscapedLength) {
+    if (!finishing_) {
+      return util::Status::CANCELLED;
+    }
+    return ReportFailure("Illegal hex string.");
+  }
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ('\\', p_.data()[0]);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ('u', p_.data()[1]);
+  uint32 code = 0;
+  for (int i = 2; i < kUnicodeEscapedLength; ++i) {
+    if (!isxdigit(p_.data()[i])) {
+      return ReportFailure("Invalid escape sequence.");
+    }
+    code = (code << 4) + hex_digit_to_int(p_.data()[i]);
+  }
+  char buf[UTFmax];
+  int len = EncodeAsUTF8Char(code, buf);
+  // Advance past the unicode escape.
+  p_.remove_prefix(kUnicodeEscapedLength);
+  parsed_storage_.append(buf, len);
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseNumber() {
+  NumberResult number;
+  util::Status result = ParseNumberHelper(&number);
+  if (result.ok()) {
+    switch (number.type) {
+      case NumberResult::DOUBLE:
+        ow_->RenderDouble(key_, number.double_val);
+        key_.clear();
+        break;
+
+      case NumberResult::INT:
+        ow_->RenderInt64(key_, number.int_val);
+        key_.clear();
+        break;
+
+      case NumberResult::UINT:
+        ow_->RenderUint64(key_, number.uint_val);
+        key_.clear();
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        return ReportFailure("Unable to parse number.");
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseNumberHelper(NumberResult* result) {
+  const char* data = p_.data();
+  int length = p_.length();
+
+  // Look for the first non-numeric character, or the end of the string.
+  int index = 0;
+  bool floating = false;
+  bool negative = data[index] == '-';
+  // Find the first character that cannot be part of the number. Along the way
+  // detect if the number needs to be parsed as a double.
+  // Note that this restricts numbers to the JSON specification, so for example
+  // we do not support hex or octal notations.
+  for (; index < length; ++index) {
+    char c = data[index];
+    if (isdigit(c)) continue;
+    if (c == '.' || c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
+      floating = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (c == '+' || c == '-') continue;
+    // Not a valid number character, break out.
+    break;
+  }
+
+  // If the entire input is a valid number, and we may have more content in the
+  // future, we abort for now and resume when we know more.
+  if (index == length && !finishing_) {
+    return util::Status::CANCELLED;
+  }
+
+  // Create a string containing just the number, so we can use safe_strtoX
+  string number = p_.substr(0, index).ToString();
+
+  // Floating point number, parse as a double.
+  if (floating) {
+    if (!safe_strtod(number, &result->double_val)) {
+      return ReportFailure("Unable to parse number.");
+    }
+    result->type = NumberResult::DOUBLE;
+    p_.remove_prefix(index);
+    return util::Status::OK;
+  }
+
+  // Positive non-floating point number, parse as a uint64.
+  if (!negative) {
+    if (!safe_strtou64(number, &result->uint_val)) {
+      return ReportFailure("Unable to parse number.");
+    }
+    result->type = NumberResult::UINT;
+    p_.remove_prefix(index);
+    return util::Status::OK;
+  }
+
+  // Negative non-floating point number, parse as an int64.
+  if (!safe_strto64(number, &result->int_val)) {
+    return ReportFailure("Unable to parse number.");
+  }
+  result->type = NumberResult::INT;
+  p_.remove_prefix(index);
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::HandleBeginObject() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ('{', *p_.data());
+  Advance();
+  ow_->StartObject(key_);
+  key_.clear();
+  stack_.push(ENTRY);
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseObjectMid(TokenType type) {
+  if (type == UNKNOWN) {
+    return ReportUnknown("Expected , or } after key:value pair.");
+  }
+
+  // Object is complete, advance past the comma and render the EndObject.
+  if (type == END_OBJECT) {
+    Advance();
+    ow_->EndObject();
+    return util::Status::OK;
+  }
+  // Found a comma, advance past it and get ready for an entry.
+  if (type == VALUE_SEPARATOR) {
+    Advance();
+    stack_.push(ENTRY);
+    return util::Status::OK;
+  }
+  // Illegal token after key:value pair.
+  return ReportFailure("Expected , or } after key:value pair.");
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseEntry(TokenType type) {
+  if (type == UNKNOWN) {
+    return ReportUnknown("Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+
+  // Close the object and return. This allows for trailing commas.
+  if (type == END_OBJECT) {
+    ow_->EndObject();
+    Advance();
+    return util::Status::OK;
+  }
+
+  util::Status result;
+  if (type == BEGIN_STRING) {
+    // Key is a string (standard JSON), parse it and store the string.
+    result = ParseStringHelper();
+    if (result.ok()) {
+      key_storage_.clear();
+      if (!parsed_storage_.empty()) {
+        parsed_storage_.swap(key_storage_);
+        key_ = StringPiece(key_storage_);
+      } else {
+        key_ = parsed_;
+      }
+      parsed_.clear();
+    }
+  } else if (type == BEGIN_KEY) {
+    // Key is a bare key (back compat), create a StringPiece pointing to it.
+    result = ParseKey();
+  } else {
+    // Unknown key type, report an error.
+    result = ReportFailure("Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+  // On success we next expect an entry mid ':' then an object mid ',' or '}'
+  if (result.ok()) {
+    stack_.push(OBJ_MID);
+    stack_.push(ENTRY_MID);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseEntryMid(TokenType type) {
+  if (type == UNKNOWN) {
+    return ReportUnknown("Expected : between key:value pair.");
+  }
+  if (type == ENTRY_SEPARATOR) {
+    Advance();
+    stack_.push(VALUE);
+    return util::Status::OK;
+  }
+  return ReportFailure("Expected : between key:value pair.");
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::HandleBeginArray() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ('[', *p_.data());
+  Advance();
+  ow_->StartList(key_);
+  key_.clear();
+  stack_.push(ARRAY_VALUE);
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseArrayValue(TokenType type) {
+  if (type == UNKNOWN) {
+    return ReportUnknown("Expected a value or ] within an array.");
+  }
+
+  if (type == END_ARRAY) {
+    ow_->EndList();
+    Advance();
+    return util::Status::OK;
+  }
+
+  // The ParseValue call may push something onto the stack so we need to make
+  // sure an ARRAY_MID is after it, so we push it on now.
+  stack_.push(ARRAY_MID);
+  util::Status result = ParseValue(type);
+  if (result == util::Status::CANCELLED) {
+    // If we were cancelled, pop back off the ARRAY_MID so we don't try to
+    // push it on again when we try over.
+    stack_.pop();
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseArrayMid(TokenType type) {
+  if (type == UNKNOWN) {
+    return ReportUnknown("Expected , or ] after array value.");
+  }
+
+  if (type == END_ARRAY) {
+    ow_->EndList();
+    Advance();
+    return util::Status::OK;
+  }
+
+  // Found a comma, advance past it and expect an array value next.
+  if (type == VALUE_SEPARATOR) {
+    Advance();
+    stack_.push(ARRAY_VALUE);
+    return util::Status::OK;
+  }
+  // Illegal token after array value.
+  return ReportFailure("Expected , or ] after array value.");
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseTrue() {
+  ow_->RenderBool(key_, true);
+  key_.clear();
+  p_.remove_prefix(true_len);
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseFalse() {
+  ow_->RenderBool(key_, false);
+  key_.clear();
+  p_.remove_prefix(false_len);
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseNull() {
+  ow_->RenderNull(key_);
+  key_.clear();
+  p_.remove_prefix(null_len);
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ReportFailure(StringPiece message) {
+  static const int kContextLength = 20;
+  const char* p_start = p_.data();
+  const char* json_start = json_.data();
+  const char* begin = max(p_start - kContextLength, json_start);
+  const char* end = min(p_start + kContextLength, json_start + json_.size());
+  StringPiece segment(begin, end - begin);
+  string location(p_start - begin, ' ');
+  location.push_back('^');
+  return util::Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                      StrCat(message, "\n", segment, "\n", location));
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ReportUnknown(StringPiece message) {
+  // If we aren't finishing the parse, cancel parsing and try later.
+  if (!finishing_) {
+    return util::Status::CANCELLED;
+  }
+  if (p_.empty()) {
+    return ReportFailure(StrCat("Unexpected end of string. ", message));
+  }
+  return ReportFailure(message);
+}
+
+void JsonStreamParser::SkipWhitespace() {
+  while (!p_.empty() && ascii_isspace(*p_.data())) {
+    Advance();
+  }
+}
+
+void JsonStreamParser::Advance() {
+  // Advance by moving one UTF8 character while making sure we don't go beyond
+  // the length of StringPiece.
+  p_.remove_prefix(
+      min<int>(p_.length(), UTF8FirstLetterNumBytes(p_.data(), p_.length())));
+}
+
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseKey() {
+  StringPiece original = p_;
+  if (!ConsumeKey(&p_, &key_)) {
+    return ReportFailure("Invalid key or variable name.");
+  }
+  // If we consumed everything but expect more data, reset p_ and cancel since
+  // we can't know if the key was complete or not.
+  if (!finishing_ && p_.empty()) {
+    p_ = original;
+    return util::Status::CANCELLED;
+  }
+  // Since we aren't using the key storage, clear it out.
+  key_storage_.clear();
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+JsonStreamParser::TokenType JsonStreamParser::GetNextTokenType() {
+  SkipWhitespace();
+
+  int size = p_.size();
+  if (size == 0) {
+    // If we ran out of data, report unknown and we'll place the previous parse
+    // type onto the stack and try again when we have more data.
+    return UNKNOWN;
+  }
+  // TODO(sven): Split this method based on context since different contexts
+  // support different tokens. Would slightly speed up processing?
+  const char* data = p_.data();
+  if (*data == '\"' || *data == '\'') return BEGIN_STRING;
+  if (*data == '-' || ('0' <= *data && *data <= '9')) {
+    return BEGIN_NUMBER;
+  }
+  if (size >= true_len && !strncmp(data, "true", true_len)) {
+    return BEGIN_TRUE;
+  }
+  if (size >= false_len && !strncmp(data, "false", false_len)) {
+    return BEGIN_FALSE;
+  }
+  if (size >= null_len && !strncmp(data, "null", null_len)) {
+    return BEGIN_NULL;
+  }
+  if (*data == '{') return BEGIN_OBJECT;
+  if (*data == '}') return END_OBJECT;
+  if (*data == '[') return BEGIN_ARRAY;
+  if (*data == ']') return END_ARRAY;
+  if (*data == ':') return ENTRY_SEPARATOR;
+  if (*data == ',') return VALUE_SEPARATOR;
+  if (MatchKey(p_)) {
+    return BEGIN_KEY;
+  }
+
+  // We don't know that we necessarily have an invalid token here, just that we
+  // can't parse what we have so far. So we don't report an error and just
+  // return UNKNOWN so we can try again later when we have more data, or if we
+  // finish and we have leftovers.
+  return UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17b094ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_JSON_STREAM_PARSER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_JSON_STREAM_PARSER_H__
+
+#include <stack>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace util {
+class Status;
+}  // namespace util
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class ObjectWriter;
+
+// A JSON parser that can parse a stream of JSON chunks rather than needing the
+// entire JSON string up front. It is a modified version of the parser in
+// //net/proto/json/json-parser.h that has been changed in the following ways:
+// - Changed from recursion to an explicit stack to allow resumption
+// - Added support for int64 and uint64 numbers
+// - Removed support for octal and decimal escapes
+// - Removed support for numeric keys
+// - Removed support for functions (javascript)
+// - Removed some lax-comma support (but kept trailing comma support)
+// - Writes directly to an ObjectWriter rather than using subclassing
+//
+// Here is an example usage:
+// JsonStreamParser parser(ow_.get());
+// util::Status result = parser.Parse(chunk1);
+// result.Update(parser.Parse(chunk2));
+// result.Update(parser.FinishParse());
+// GOOGLE_DCHECK(result.ok()) << "Failed to parse JSON";
+//
+// This parser is thread-compatible as long as only one thread is calling a
+// Parse() method at a time.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT JsonStreamParser {
+ public:
+  // Creates a JsonStreamParser that will write to the given ObjectWriter.
+  explicit JsonStreamParser(ObjectWriter* ow);
+  virtual ~JsonStreamParser();
+
+  // Parse a JSON string (UTF-8 encoded).
+  util::Status Parse(StringPiece json);
+
+  // Finish parsing the JSON string.
+  util::Status FinishParse();
+
+ private:
+  enum TokenType {
+    BEGIN_STRING,     // " or '
+    BEGIN_NUMBER,     // - or digit
+    BEGIN_TRUE,       // true
+    BEGIN_FALSE,      // false
+    BEGIN_NULL,       // null
+    BEGIN_OBJECT,     // {
+    END_OBJECT,       // }
+    BEGIN_ARRAY,      // [
+    END_ARRAY,        // ]
+    ENTRY_SEPARATOR,  // :
+    VALUE_SEPARATOR,  // ,
+    BEGIN_KEY,        // letter, _, $ or digit.  Must begin with non-digit
+    UNKNOWN           // Unknown token or we ran out of the stream.
+  };
+
+  enum ParseType {
+    VALUE,        // Expects a {, [, true, false, null, string or number
+    OBJ_MID,      // Expects a ',' or }
+    ENTRY,        // Expects a key or }
+    ENTRY_MID,    // Expects a :
+    ARRAY_VALUE,  // Expects a value or ]
+    ARRAY_MID     // Expects a ',' or ]
+  };
+
+  // Holds the result of parsing a number
+  struct NumberResult {
+    enum Type { DOUBLE, INT, UINT };
+    Type type;
+    union {
+      double double_val;
+      int64 int_val;
+      uint64 uint_val;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Parses a single chunk of JSON, returning an error if the JSON was invalid.
+  util::Status ParseChunk(StringPiece json);
+
+  // Runs the parser based on stack_ and p_, until the stack is empty or p_ runs
+  // out of data. If we unexpectedly run out of p_ we push the latest back onto
+  // the stack and return.
+  util::Status RunParser();
+
+  // Parses a value from p_ and writes it to ow_.
+  // A value may be an object, array, true, false, null, string or number.
+  util::Status ParseValue(TokenType type);
+
+  // Parses a string and writes it out to the ow_.
+  util::Status ParseString();
+
+  // Parses a string, storing the result in parsed_.
+  util::Status ParseStringHelper();
+
+  // This function parses unicode escape sequences in strings. It returns an
+  // error when there's a parsing error, either the size is not the expected
+  // size or a character is not a hex digit.  When it returns str will contain
+  // what has been successfully parsed so far.
+  util::Status ParseUnicodeEscape();
+
+  // Expects p_ to point to a JSON number, writes the number to the writer using
+  // the appropriate Render method based on the type of number.
+  util::Status ParseNumber();
+
+  // Parse a number into a NumberResult, reporting an error if no number could
+  // be parsed. This method will try to parse into a uint64, int64, or double
+  // based on whether the number was positive or negative or had a decimal
+  // component.
+  util::Status ParseNumberHelper(NumberResult* result);
+
+  // Handles a { during parsing of a value.
+  util::Status HandleBeginObject();
+
+  // Parses from the ENTRY state.
+  util::Status ParseEntry(TokenType type);
+
+  // Parses from the ENTRY_MID state.
+  util::Status ParseEntryMid(TokenType type);
+
+  // Parses from the OBJ_MID state.
+  util::Status ParseObjectMid(TokenType type);
+
+  // Handles a [ during parsing of a value.
+  util::Status HandleBeginArray();
+
+  // Parses from the ARRAY_VALUE state.
+  util::Status ParseArrayValue(TokenType type);
+
+  // Parses from the ARRAY_MID state.
+  util::Status ParseArrayMid(TokenType type);
+
+  // Expects p_ to point to an unquoted literal
+  util::Status ParseTrue();
+  util::Status ParseFalse();
+  util::Status ParseNull();
+
+  // Report a failure as a util::Status.
+  util::Status ReportFailure(StringPiece message);
+
+  // Report a failure due to an UNKNOWN token type. We check if we hit the
+  // end of the stream and if we're finishing or not to detect what type of
+  // status to return in this case.
+  util::Status ReportUnknown(StringPiece message);
+
+  // Advance p_ past all whitespace or until the end of the string.
+  void SkipWhitespace();
+
+  // Advance p_ one UTF-8 character
+  void Advance();
+
+  // Expects p_ to point to the beginning of a key.
+  util::Status ParseKey();
+
+  // Return the type of the next token at p_.
+  TokenType GetNextTokenType();
+
+  // The object writer to write parse events to.
+  ObjectWriter* ow_;
+
+  // The stack of parsing we still need to do. When the stack runs empty we will
+  // have parsed a single value from the root (e.g. an object or list).
+  std::stack<ParseType> stack_;
+
+  // Contains any leftover text from a previous chunk that we weren't able to
+  // fully parse, for example the start of a key or number.
+  string leftover_;
+
+  // The current chunk of JSON being parsed. Primarily used for providing
+  // context during error reporting.
+  StringPiece json_;
+
+  // A pointer within the current JSON being parsed, used to track location.
+  StringPiece p_;
+
+  // Stores the last key read, as we separate parsing of keys and values.
+  StringPiece key_;
+
+  // Storage for key_ if we need to keep ownership, for example between chunks
+  // or if the key was unescaped from a JSON string.
+  string key_storage_;
+
+  // True during the FinishParse() call, so we know that any errors are fatal.
+  // For example an unterminated string will normally result in cancelling and
+  // trying during the next chunk, but during FinishParse() it is an error.
+  bool finishing_;
+
+  // String we parsed during a call to ParseStringHelper().
+  StringPiece parsed_;
+
+  // Storage for the string we parsed. This may be empty if the string was able
+  // to be parsed directly from the input.
+  string parsed_storage_;
+
+  // The character that opened the string, either ' or ".
+  // A value of 0 indicates that string parsing is not in process.
+  char string_open_;
+
+  // Storage for utf8-coerced bytes.
+  google::protobuf::scoped_array<char> utf8_storage_;
+
+  // Length of the storage for utf8-coerced bytes.
+  int utf8_length_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(JsonStreamParser);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_JSON_STREAM_PARSER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b0775a2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,702 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/time.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+using util::Status;
+namespace error {
+using util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+}  // namespace error
+namespace converter {
+
+using util::Status;
+
+// Tests for the JSON Stream Parser. These tests are intended to be
+// comprehensive and cover the following:
+//
+// Positive tests:
+// - true, false, null
+// - empty object or array.
+// - negative and positive double and int, unsigned int
+// - single and double quoted strings
+// - string key, unquoted key, numeric key
+// - array containing array, object, value
+// - object containing array, object, value
+// - unicode handling in strings
+// - ascii escaping (\b, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v)
+// - trailing commas
+//
+// Negative tests:
+// - illegal literals
+// - mismatched quotes failure on strings
+// - unterminated string failure
+// - unexpected end of string failure
+// - mismatched object and array closing
+// - Failure to close array or object
+// - numbers too large
+// - invalid unicode escapes.
+// - invalid unicode sequences.
+// - numbers as keys
+//
+// For each test we split the input string on every possible character to ensure
+// the parser is able to handle arbitrarily split input for all cases. We also
+// do a final test of the entire test case one character at a time.
+class JsonStreamParserTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  JsonStreamParserTest() : mock_(), ow_(&mock_) {}
+  virtual ~JsonStreamParserTest() {}
+
+  util::Status RunTest(StringPiece json, int split) {
+    JsonStreamParser parser(&mock_);
+
+    // Special case for split == length, test parsing one character at a time.
+    if (split == json.length()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "Testing split every char: " << json;
+      for (int i = 0; i < json.length(); ++i) {
+        StringPiece single = json.substr(i, 1);
+        util::Status result = parser.Parse(single);
+        if (!result.ok()) {
+          return result;
+        }
+      }
+      return parser.FinishParse();
+    }
+
+    // Normal case, split at the split point and parse two substrings.
+    StringPiece first = json.substr(0, split);
+    StringPiece rest = json.substr(split);
+    GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "Testing split: " << first << "><" << rest;
+    util::Status result = parser.Parse(first);
+    if (result.ok()) {
+      result = parser.Parse(rest);
+      if (result.ok()) {
+        result = parser.FinishParse();
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  void DoTest(StringPiece json, int split) {
+    util::Status result = RunTest(json, split);
+    if (!result.ok()) {
+      GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << result;
+    }
+    EXPECT_OK(result);
+  }
+
+  void DoErrorTest(StringPiece json, int split, StringPiece error_prefix) {
+    util::Status result = RunTest(json, split);
+    EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, result.error_code());
+    StringPiece error_message(result.error_message());
+    EXPECT_EQ(error_prefix, error_message.substr(0, error_prefix.size()));
+  }
+
+
+  MockObjectWriter mock_;
+  ExpectingObjectWriter ow_;
+};
+
+
+// Positive tests
+
+// - true, false, null
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleTrue) {
+  StringPiece str = "true";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderBool("", true);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleFalse) {
+  StringPiece str = "false";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderBool("", false);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleNull) {
+  StringPiece str = "null";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderNull("");
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - empty object and array.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, EmptyObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")->EndObject();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, EmptyList) {
+  StringPiece str = "[]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")->EndList();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - negative and positive double and int, unsigned int
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleDouble) {
+  StringPiece str = "42.5";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderDouble("", 42.5);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ScientificDouble) {
+  StringPiece str = "1.2345e-10";
+  for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderDouble("", 1.2345e-10);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleNegativeDouble) {
+  StringPiece str = "-1045.235";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderDouble("", -1045.235);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleInt) {
+  StringPiece str = "123456";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderUint64("", 123456);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleNegativeInt) {
+  StringPiece str = "-79497823553162765";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderInt64("", -79497823553162765LL);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleUnsignedInt) {
+  StringPiece str = "11779497823553162765";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderUint64("", 11779497823553162765ULL);
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - single and double quoted strings
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, EmptyDoubleQuotedString) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"\"";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderString("", "");
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, EmptySingleQuotedString) {
+  StringPiece str = "''";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderString("", "");
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleDoubleQuotedString) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"Some String\"";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderString("", "Some String");
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, SimpleSingleQuotedString) {
+  StringPiece str = "'Another String'";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderString("", "Another String");
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - string key, unquoted key, numeric key
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ObjectKeyTypes) {
+  StringPiece str =
+      "{'s': true, \"d\": false, key: null, snake_key: [], camelKey: {}}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")
+        ->RenderBool("s", true)
+        ->RenderBool("d", false)
+        ->RenderNull("key")
+        ->StartList("snake_key")
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartObject("camelKey")
+        ->EndObject()
+        ->EndObject();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - array containing array, object, values (true, false, null, num, string)
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ArrayValues) {
+  StringPiece str =
+      "[true, false, null, 'a string', \"another string\", [22, -127, 45.3, "
+      "-1056.4, 11779497823553162765], {'key': true}]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")
+        ->RenderBool("", true)
+        ->RenderBool("", false)
+        ->RenderNull("")
+        ->RenderString("", "a string")
+        ->RenderString("", "another string")
+        ->StartList("")
+        ->RenderUint64("", 22)
+        ->RenderInt64("", -127)
+        ->RenderDouble("", 45.3)
+        ->RenderDouble("", -1056.4)
+        ->RenderUint64("", 11779497823553162765ULL)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartObject("")
+        ->RenderBool("key", true)
+        ->EndObject()
+        ->EndList();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - object containing array, object, value (true, false, null, num, string)
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ObjectValues) {
+  StringPiece str =
+      "{t: true, f: false, n: null, s: 'a string', d: \"another string\", pi: "
+      "22, ni: -127, pd: 45.3, nd: -1056.4, pl: 11779497823553162765, l: [[]], "
+      "o: {'key': true}}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")
+        ->RenderBool("t", true)
+        ->RenderBool("f", false)
+        ->RenderNull("n")
+        ->RenderString("s", "a string")
+        ->RenderString("d", "another string")
+        ->RenderUint64("pi", 22)
+        ->RenderInt64("ni", -127)
+        ->RenderDouble("pd", 45.3)
+        ->RenderDouble("nd", -1056.4)
+        ->RenderUint64("pl", 11779497823553162765ULL)
+        ->StartList("l")
+        ->StartList("")
+        ->EndList()
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartObject("o")
+        ->RenderBool("key", true)
+        ->EndObject()
+        ->EndObject();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+// - unicode handling in strings
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnicodeEscaping) {
+  StringPiece str = "[\"\\u0639\\u0631\\u0628\\u0649\"]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    // TODO(xiaofeng): Figure out what default encoding to use for JSON strings.
+    // In protobuf we use UTF-8 for strings, but for JSON we probably should allow
+    // different encodings?
+    ow_.StartList("")->RenderString("", "\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0649")->EndList();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+// - ascii escaping (\b, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v)
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, AsciiEscaping) {
+  StringPiece str =
+      "[\"\\b\", \"\\ning\", \"test\\f\", \"\\r\\t\", \"test\\\\\\ving\"]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")
+        ->RenderString("", "\b")
+        ->RenderString("", "\ning")
+        ->RenderString("", "test\f")
+        ->RenderString("", "\r\t")
+        ->RenderString("", "test\\\ving")
+        ->EndList();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// - trailing commas, we support a single trailing comma but no internal commas.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, TrailingCommas) {
+  StringPiece str = "[['a',true,], {b: null,},]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")
+        ->StartList("")
+        ->RenderString("", "a")
+        ->RenderBool("", true)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartObject("")
+        ->RenderNull("b")
+        ->EndObject()
+        ->EndList();
+    DoTest(str, i);
+  }
+}
+
+// Negative tests
+
+// illegal literals
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraTextAfterTrue) {
+  StringPiece str = "truee";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderBool("", true);
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidNumberDashOnly) {
+  StringPiece str = "-";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unable to parse number.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidNumberDashName) {
+  StringPiece str = "-foo";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unable to parse number.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidLiteralInArray) {
+  StringPiece str = "[nule]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unexpected token.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidLiteralInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{123false}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+// mismatched quotes failure on strings
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MismatchedSingleQuotedLiteral) {
+  StringPiece str = "'Some str\"";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MismatchedDoubleQuotedLiteral) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"Another string that ends poorly!'";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+// unterminated strings
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnterminatedLiteralString) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"Forgot the rest of i";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnterminatedStringEscape) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"Forgot the rest of \\";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnterminatedStringInArray) {
+  StringPiece str = "[\"Forgot to close the string]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnterminatedStringInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{f: \"Forgot to close the string}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Closing quote expected in string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnterminatedObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unexpected end of string.");
+  }
+}
+
+
+// mismatched object and array closing
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MismatchedCloseObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{'key': true]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")->RenderBool("key", true);
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected , or } after key:value pair.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MismatchedCloseArray) {
+  StringPiece str = "[true, null}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")->RenderBool("", true)->RenderNull("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected , or ] after array value.");
+  }
+}
+
+// Invalid object keys.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidNumericObjectKey) {
+  StringPiece str = "{42: true}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidLiteralObjectInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{{bob: true}}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidLiteralArrayInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{[null]}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidLiteralValueInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{false}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MissingColonAfterStringInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{\"key\"}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected : between key:value pair.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MissingColonAfterKeyInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{key}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected : between key:value pair.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, EndOfTextAfterKeyInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{key";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unexpected end of string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MissingValueAfterColonInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{key:}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unexpected token.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, MissingCommaBetweenObjectEntries) {
+  StringPiece str = "{key:20 'hello': true}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")->RenderUint64("key", 20);
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected , or } after key:value pair.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, InvalidLiteralAsObjectKey) {
+  StringPiece str = "{false: 20}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraCharactersAfterObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{}}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")->EndObject();
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+  }
+}
+
+// numbers too large
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, PositiveNumberTooBig) {
+  StringPiece str = "[18446744073709551616]";  // 2^64
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unable to parse number.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, NegativeNumberTooBig) {
+  StringPiece str = "[-18446744073709551616]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unable to parse number.");
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+TODO(sven): Fail parsing when parsing a double that is too large.
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, DoubleTooBig) {
+  StringPiece str = "[184464073709551232321616.45]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unable to parse number");
+  }
+}
+*/
+
+// invalid unicode sequence.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnicodeEscapeCutOff) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"\\u12";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Illegal hex string.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnicodeEscapeInvalidCharacters) {
+  StringPiece str = "\"\\u12$4hello";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Invalid escape sequence.");
+  }
+}
+
+// Extra commas with an object or array.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraCommaInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{'k1': true,,'k2': false}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")->RenderBool("k1", true);
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected an object key or }.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraCommaInArray) {
+  StringPiece str = "[true,,false}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")->RenderBool("", true);
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Unexpected token.");
+  }
+}
+
+// Extra text beyond end of value.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraTextAfterLiteral) {
+  StringPiece str = "'hello', 'world'";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.RenderString("", "hello");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraTextAfterObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{'key': true} 'oops'";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("")->RenderBool("key", true)->EndObject();
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ExtraTextAfterArray) {
+  StringPiece str = "[null] 'oops'";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("")->RenderNull("")->EndList();
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Parsing terminated before end of input.");
+  }
+}
+
+// Random unknown text in the value.
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnknownCharactersAsValue) {
+  StringPiece str = "*&#25";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected a value.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnknownCharactersInArray) {
+  StringPiece str = "[*&#25]";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartList("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected a value or ] within an array.");
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, UnknownCharactersInObject) {
+  StringPiece str = "{'key': *&#25}";
+  for (int i = 0; i <= str.length(); ++i) {
+    ow_.StartObject("");
+    DoErrorTest(str, i, "Expected a value.");
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0864b057
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_LOCATION_TRACKER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_LOCATION_TRACKER_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// LocationTrackerInterface is an interface for classes that track
+// the location information for the purpose of error reporting.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT LocationTrackerInterface {
+ public:
+  virtual ~LocationTrackerInterface() {}
+
+  // Returns the object location as human readable string.
+  virtual string ToString() const = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  LocationTrackerInterface() {}
+
+ private:
+  // Please do not add any data members to this class.
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(LocationTrackerInterface);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_LOCATION_TRACKER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/mock_error_listener.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/mock_error_listener.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..591c35db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/mock_error_listener.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_MOCK_ERROR_LISTENER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_MOCK_ERROR_LISTENER_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class MockErrorListener : public ErrorListener {
+ public:
+  MockErrorListener() {}
+  virtual ~MockErrorListener() {}
+
+  MOCK_METHOD3(InvalidName, void(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                                 StringPiece unknown_name,
+                                 StringPiece message));
+  MOCK_METHOD3(InvalidValue, void(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                                  StringPiece type_name, StringPiece value));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(MissingField, void(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
+                                  StringPiece missing_name));
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_MOCK_ERROR_LISTENER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_location_tracker.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_location_tracker.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8586cecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_location_tracker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_LOCATION_TRACKER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_LOCATION_TRACKER_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/location_tracker.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// An empty concrete implementation of LocationTrackerInterface.
+class ObjectLocationTracker : public LocationTrackerInterface {
+ public:
+  // Creates an empty location tracker.
+  ObjectLocationTracker() {}
+
+  virtual ~ObjectLocationTracker() {}
+
+  // Returns empty because nothing is tracked.
+  virtual string ToString() const { return ""; }
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ObjectLocationTracker);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_LOCATION_TRACKER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_source.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_source.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c31cfb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_source.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_SOURCE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_SOURCE_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class ObjectWriter;
+
+// An ObjectSource is anything that can write to an ObjectWriter.
+// Implementation of this interface typically provide constructors or
+// factory methods to create an instance based on some source data, for
+// example, a character stream, or protobuf.
+//
+// Derived classes could be thread-unsafe.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ObjectSource {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ObjectSource() {}
+
+  // Writes to the ObjectWriter
+  virtual util::Status WriteTo(ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+    return NamedWriteTo("", ow);
+  }
+
+  // Writes to the ObjectWriter with a custom name for the message.
+  // This is useful when you chain ObjectSource together by embedding one
+  // within another.
+  virtual util::Status NamedWriteTo(StringPiece name,
+                                      ObjectWriter* ow) const = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ObjectSource() {}
+
+ private:
+  // Do not add any data members to this class.
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ObjectSource);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_SOURCE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..57cc08a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// static
+void ObjectWriter::RenderDataPieceTo(const DataPiece& data, StringPiece name,
+                                     ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  switch (data.type()) {
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_INT32: {
+      ow->RenderInt32(name, data.ToInt32().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_INT64: {
+      ow->RenderInt64(name, data.ToInt64().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_UINT32: {
+      ow->RenderUint32(name, data.ToUint32().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_UINT64: {
+      ow->RenderUint64(name, data.ToUint64().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      ow->RenderDouble(name, data.ToDouble().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      ow->RenderFloat(name, data.ToFloat().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_BOOL: {
+      ow->RenderBool(name, data.ToBool().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_STRING: {
+      ow->RenderString(name, data.ToString().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_BYTES: {
+      ow->RenderBytes(name, data.ToBytes().ValueOrDie());
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_NULL: {
+      ow->RenderNull(name);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..20bd3627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_WRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_WRITER_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class DataPiece;
+
+// An ObjectWriter is an interface for writing a stream of events
+// representing objects and collections. Implementation of this
+// interface can be used to write an object stream to an in-memory
+// structure, protobufs, JSON, XML, or any other output format
+// desired. The ObjectSource interface is typically used as the
+// source of an object stream.
+//
+// See JsonObjectWriter for a sample implementation of ObjectWriter
+// and its use.
+//
+// Derived classes could be thread-unsafe.
+//
+// TODO(xinb): seems like a prime candidate to apply the RAII paradigm
+// and get rid the need to call EndXXX().
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ObjectWriter() {}
+
+  // Starts an object. If the name is empty, the object will not be named.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* StartObject(StringPiece name) = 0;
+
+  // Ends an object.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* EndObject() = 0;
+
+  // Starts a list. If the name is empty, the list will not be named.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* StartList(StringPiece name) = 0;
+
+  // Ends a list.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* EndList() = 0;
+
+  // Renders a boolean value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderBool(StringPiece name, bool value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders an 32-bit integer value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderInt32(StringPiece name, int32 value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders an 32-bit unsigned integer value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderUint32(StringPiece name, uint32 value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders a 64-bit integer value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderInt64(StringPiece name, int64 value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders an 64-bit unsigned integer value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderUint64(StringPiece name, uint64 value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders a double value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderDouble(StringPiece name, double value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders a float value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderFloat(StringPiece name, float value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders a StringPiece value. This is for rendering strings.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderString(StringPiece name, StringPiece value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders a bytes value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderBytes(StringPiece name, StringPiece value) = 0;
+
+  // Renders a Null value.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* RenderNull(StringPiece name) = 0;
+
+  // Disables case normalization. Any RenderTYPE call after calling this
+  // function will output the name field as-is. No normalization is attempted on
+  // it. This setting is reset immediately after the next RenderTYPE is called.
+  virtual ObjectWriter* DisableCaseNormalizationForNextKey() { return this; }
+
+  // Renders a DataPiece object to a ObjectWriter.
+  static void RenderDataPieceTo(const DataPiece& data, StringPiece name,
+                                ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+ protected:
+  ObjectWriter() {}
+
+ private:
+  // Do not add any data members to this class.
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_OBJECT_WRITER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..53a0e47a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1051 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h>
+
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/time.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+using util::Status;
+using util::StatusOr;
+namespace error {
+using util::error::Code;
+using util::error::INTERNAL;
+}
+namespace converter {
+
+using google::protobuf::Descriptor;
+using google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptor;
+using google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor;
+using google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat;
+using google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite;
+using util::Status;
+using util::StatusOr;
+
+namespace {
+// Finds a field with the given number. NULL if none found.
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldByNumber(
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type, int number);
+
+// Returns true if the field is packable.
+bool IsPackable(const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+// Finds an enum value with the given number. NULL if none found.
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNumber(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum& tech_enum, int number);
+
+// Utility function to format nanos.
+const string FormatNanos(uint32 nanos);
+}  // namespace
+
+
+ProtoStreamObjectSource::ProtoStreamObjectSource(
+    google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* stream, TypeResolver* type_resolver,
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type)
+    : stream_(stream),
+      typeinfo_(TypeInfo::NewTypeInfo(type_resolver)),
+      own_typeinfo_(true),
+      type_(type) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG_IF(DFATAL, stream == NULL) << "Input stream is NULL.";
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectSource::ProtoStreamObjectSource(
+    google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* stream, TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type)
+    : stream_(stream), typeinfo_(typeinfo), own_typeinfo_(false), type_(type) {
+  GOOGLE_LOG_IF(DFATAL, stream == NULL) << "Input stream is NULL.";
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectSource::~ProtoStreamObjectSource() {
+  if (own_typeinfo_) {
+    delete typeinfo_;
+  }
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::NamedWriteTo(StringPiece name,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  return WriteMessage(type_, name, 0, true, ow);
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Field* ProtoStreamObjectSource::FindAndVerifyField(
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type, uint32 tag) const {
+  // Lookup the new field in the type by tag number.
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = FindFieldByNumber(type, tag >> 3);
+  // Verify if the field corresponds to the wire type in tag.
+  // If there is any discrepancy, mark the field as not found.
+  if (field != NULL) {
+    WireFormatLite::WireType expected_type =
+        WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(
+            static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(field->kind()));
+    WireFormatLite::WireType actual_type = WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag);
+    if (actual_type != expected_type &&
+        (!IsPackable(*field) ||
+         actual_type != WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)) {
+      field = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  return field;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::WriteMessage(const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                             StringPiece name,
+                                             const uint32 end_tag,
+                                             bool include_start_and_end,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  const TypeRenderer* type_renderer = FindTypeRenderer(type.name());
+  if (type_renderer != NULL) {
+    return (*type_renderer)(this, type, name, ow);
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = NULL;
+  string field_name;
+  // last_tag set to dummy value that is different from tag.
+  uint32 tag = stream_->ReadTag(), last_tag = tag + 1;
+
+  if (include_start_and_end) {
+    ow->StartObject(name);
+  }
+  while (tag != end_tag) {
+    if (tag != last_tag) {  // Update field only if tag is changed.
+      last_tag = tag;
+      field = FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+      if (field != NULL) {
+        field_name = field->name();
+      }
+    }
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      // If we didn't find a field, skip this unknown tag.
+      // TODO(wpoon): Check return boolean value.
+      WireFormat::SkipField(stream_, tag, NULL);
+      tag = stream_->ReadTag();
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (field->cardinality() ==
+        google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED) {
+      if (IsMap(*field)) {
+        ow->StartObject(field_name);
+        ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(tag, RenderMap(field, field_name, tag, ow));
+        ow->EndObject();
+      } else {
+        ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(tag, RenderList(field, field_name, tag, ow));
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Render the field.
+      RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderField(field, field_name, ow));
+      tag = stream_->ReadTag();
+    }
+  }
+  if (include_start_and_end) {
+    ow->EndObject();
+  }
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+StatusOr<uint32> ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderList(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field, StringPiece name, uint32 list_tag,
+    ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  uint32 tag_to_return = 0;
+  ow->StartList(name);
+  if (IsPackable(*field) &&
+      list_tag ==
+          WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(),
+                                  WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)) {
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderPacked(field, ow));
+    // Since packed fields have a single tag, read another tag from stream to
+    // return.
+    tag_to_return = stream_->ReadTag();
+  } else {
+    do {
+      RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderField(field, "", ow));
+    } while ((tag_to_return = stream_->ReadTag()) == list_tag);
+  }
+  ow->EndList();
+  return tag_to_return;
+}
+
+StatusOr<uint32> ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderMap(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field, StringPiece name, uint32 list_tag,
+    ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  const google::protobuf::Type* field_type =
+      typeinfo_->GetType(field->type_url());
+  uint32 tag_to_return = 0;
+  if (IsPackable(*field) &&
+      list_tag ==
+          WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(),
+                                  WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED)) {
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderPackedMapEntry(field_type, ow));
+    tag_to_return = stream_->ReadTag();
+  } else {
+    do {
+      RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderMapEntry(field_type, ow));
+    } while ((tag_to_return = stream_->ReadTag()) == list_tag);
+  }
+  return tag_to_return;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderMapEntry(
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type, ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  uint32 buffer32;
+  stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // message length
+  int old_limit = stream_->PushLimit(buffer32);
+  string map_key;
+  for (uint32 tag = stream_->ReadTag(); tag != 0; tag = stream_->ReadTag()) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field = FindAndVerifyField(*type, tag);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      WireFormat::SkipField(stream_, tag, NULL);
+      continue;
+    }
+    // Map field numbers are key = 1 and value = 2
+    if (field->number() == 1) {
+      map_key = ReadFieldValueAsString(*field);
+    } else if (field->number() == 2) {
+      if (map_key.empty()) {
+        return Status(util::error::INTERNAL, "Map key must be non-empty");
+      }
+      // Disable case normalization for map keys as they are just data. We
+      // retain them intact.
+      ow->DisableCaseNormalizationForNextKey();
+      RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderField(field, map_key, ow));
+    }
+  }
+  stream_->PopLimit(old_limit);
+
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderPacked(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field, ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  uint32 length;
+  stream_->ReadVarint32(&length);
+  int old_limit = stream_->PushLimit(length);
+  while (stream_->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderField(field, StringPiece(), ow));
+  }
+  stream_->PopLimit(old_limit);
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderPackedMapEntry(
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type, ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  uint32 length;
+  stream_->ReadVarint32(&length);
+  int old_limit = stream_->PushLimit(length);
+  while (stream_->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderMapEntry(type, ow));
+  }
+  stream_->PopLimit(old_limit);
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderTimestamp(
+    const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  pair<int64, int32> p = os->ReadSecondsAndNanos(type);
+  int64 seconds = p.first;
+  int32 nanos = p.second;
+  if (seconds > kMaxSeconds || seconds < kMinSeconds) {
+    return Status(
+        util::error::INTERNAL,
+        StrCat("Timestamp seconds exceeds limit for field: ", field_name));
+  }
+
+  if (nanos < 0 || nanos >= kNanosPerSecond) {
+    return Status(
+        util::error::INTERNAL,
+        StrCat("Timestamp nanos exceeds limit for field: ", field_name));
+  }
+
+  ow->RenderString(field_name,
+                   ::google::protobuf::internal::FormatTime(seconds, nanos));
+
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderDuration(
+    const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  pair<int64, int32> p = os->ReadSecondsAndNanos(type);
+  int64 seconds = p.first;
+  int32 nanos = p.second;
+  if (seconds > kMaxSeconds || seconds < kMinSeconds) {
+    return Status(
+        util::error::INTERNAL,
+        StrCat("Duration seconds exceeds limit for field: ", field_name));
+  }
+
+  if (nanos <= -kNanosPerSecond || nanos >= kNanosPerSecond) {
+    return Status(
+        util::error::INTERNAL,
+        StrCat("Duration nanos exceeds limit for field: ", field_name));
+  }
+
+  string sign = "";
+  if (seconds < 0) {
+    if (nanos > 0) {
+      return Status(util::error::INTERNAL,
+                    StrCat(
+                        "Duration nanos is non-negative, but seconds is "
+                        "negative for field: ",
+                        field_name));
+    }
+    sign = "-";
+    seconds = -seconds;
+    nanos = -nanos;
+  } else if (seconds == 0 && nanos < 0) {
+    sign = "-";
+    nanos = -nanos;
+  }
+  string formatted_duration = StringPrintf("%s%lld%ss", sign.c_str(), seconds,
+                                           FormatNanos(nanos).c_str());
+  ow->RenderString(field_name, formatted_duration);
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderDouble(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                             const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                             StringPiece field_name,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint64 buffer64 = 0;  // default value of Double wrapper value
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderDouble(field_name, bit_cast<double>(buffer64));
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderFloat(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                            const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                            StringPiece field_name,
+                                            ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint32 buffer32 = 0;  // default value of Float wrapper value
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderFloat(field_name, bit_cast<float>(buffer32));
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderInt64(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                            const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                            StringPiece field_name,
+                                            ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint64 buffer64 = 0;  // default value of Int64 wrapper value
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderInt64(field_name, bit_cast<int64>(buffer64));
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderUInt64(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                             const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                             StringPiece field_name,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint64 buffer64 = 0;  // default value of UInt64 wrapper value
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderUint64(field_name, bit_cast<uint64>(buffer64));
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderInt32(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                            const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                            StringPiece field_name,
+                                            ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint32 buffer32 = 0;  // default value of Int32 wrapper value
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderInt32(field_name, bit_cast<int32>(buffer32));
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderUInt32(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                             const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                             StringPiece field_name,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint32 buffer32 = 0;  // default value of UInt32 wrapper value
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderUint32(field_name, bit_cast<uint32>(buffer32));
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderBool(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                           const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                           StringPiece field_name,
+                                           ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint64 buffer64 = 0;  // results in 'false' value as default, which is the
+                        // default value of Bool wrapper
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderBool(field_name, buffer64 != 0);
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderString(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                             const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                             StringPiece field_name,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint32 buffer32;
+  string str;  // default value of empty for String wrapper
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // string size.
+    os->stream_->ReadString(&str, buffer32);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderString(field_name, str);
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderBytes(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                            const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                            StringPiece field_name,
+                                            ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  uint32 buffer32;
+  string str;
+  if (tag != 0) {
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+    os->stream_->ReadString(&str, buffer32);
+    os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  }
+  ow->RenderBytes(field_name, str);
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderStruct(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                             const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                             StringPiece field_name,
+                                             ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = NULL;
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+  ow->StartObject(field_name);
+  while (tag != 0) {
+    field = os->FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+    // google.protobuf.Struct has only one field that is a map. Hence we use
+    // RenderMap to render that field.
+    if (os->IsMap(*field)) {
+      ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(tag, os->RenderMap(field, field_name, tag, ow));
+    }
+  }
+  ow->EndObject();
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderStructValue(
+    const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = NULL;
+  for (uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag(); tag != 0;
+       tag = os->stream_->ReadTag()) {
+    field = os->FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      WireFormat::SkipField(os->stream_, tag, NULL);
+      continue;
+    }
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(os->RenderField(field, field_name, ow));
+  }
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Avoid code duplication of for loops and SkipField logic.
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderStructListValue(
+    const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+
+  // Render empty list when we find empty ListValue message.
+  if (tag == 0) {
+    ow->StartList(field_name);
+    ow->EndList();
+    return Status::OK;
+  }
+
+  while (tag != 0) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field = os->FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      WireFormat::SkipField(os->stream_, tag, NULL);
+      tag = os->stream_->ReadTag();
+      continue;
+    }
+    ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(tag, os->RenderList(field, field_name, tag, ow));
+  }
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderAny(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                          const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                          StringPiece field_name,
+                                          ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  // An Any is of the form { string type_url = 1; bytes value = 2; }
+  uint32 tag;
+  string type_url;
+  string value;
+
+  // First read out the type_url and value from the proto stream
+  for (tag = os->stream_->ReadTag(); tag != 0; tag = os->stream_->ReadTag()) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field = os->FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      WireFormat::SkipField(os->stream_, tag, NULL);
+      continue;
+    }
+    // 'type_url' has field number of 1 and 'value' has field number 2
+    // //google/protobuf/any.proto
+    if (field->number() == 1) {
+      // read type_url
+      uint32 type_url_size;
+      os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&type_url_size);
+      os->stream_->ReadString(&type_url, type_url_size);
+    } else if (field->number() == 2) {
+      // read value
+      uint32 value_size;
+      os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&value_size);
+      os->stream_->ReadString(&value, value_size);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If there is no value, we don't lookup the type, we just output it (if
+  // present). If both type and value are empty we output an empty object.
+  if (value.empty()) {
+    ow->StartObject(field_name);
+    if (!type_url.empty()) {
+      ow->RenderString("@type", type_url);
+    }
+    ow->EndObject();
+    return util::Status::OK;
+  }
+
+  // If there is a value but no type, we cannot render it, so report an error.
+  if (type_url.empty()) {
+    // TODO(sven): Add an external message once those are ready.
+    return util::Status(util::error::INTERNAL,
+                        "Invalid Any, the type_url is missing.");
+  }
+
+  util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> resolved_type =
+      os->typeinfo_->ResolveTypeUrl(type_url);
+
+  if (!resolved_type.ok()) {
+    // Convert into an internal error, since this means the backend gave us
+    // an invalid response (missing or invalid type information).
+    return util::Status(util::error::INTERNAL,
+                        resolved_type.status().error_message());
+  }
+  // nested_type cannot be null at this time.
+  const google::protobuf::Type* nested_type = resolved_type.ValueOrDie();
+
+  // We know the type so we can render it. Recursively parse the nested stream
+  // using a nested ProtoStreamObjectSource using our nested type information.
+  google::protobuf::io::ArrayInputStream zero_copy_stream(value.data(), value.size());
+  google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream in_stream(&zero_copy_stream);
+  ProtoStreamObjectSource nested_os(&in_stream, os->typeinfo_, *nested_type);
+
+  // We manually call start and end object here so we can inject the @type.
+  ow->StartObject(field_name);
+  ow->RenderString("@type", type_url);
+  util::Status result =
+      nested_os.WriteMessage(nested_os.type_, "value", 0, false, ow);
+  ow->EndObject();
+  return result;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderFieldMask(
+    const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) {
+  string combined;
+  uint32 buffer32;
+  uint32 paths_field_tag = 0;
+  for (uint32 tag = os->stream_->ReadTag(); tag != 0;
+       tag = os->stream_->ReadTag()) {
+    if (paths_field_tag == 0) {
+      const google::protobuf::Field* field = os->FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+      if (field != NULL && field->number() == 1 &&
+          field->name() == "paths") {
+        paths_field_tag = tag;
+      }
+    }
+    if (paths_field_tag != tag) {
+      return util::Status(util::error::INTERNAL,
+                          "Invalid FieldMask, unexpected field.");
+    }
+    string str;
+    os->stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // string size.
+    os->stream_->ReadString(&str, buffer32);
+    if (!combined.empty()) {
+      combined.append(",");
+    }
+    combined.append(ConvertFieldMaskPath(str, &ToCamelCase));
+  }
+  ow->RenderString(field_name, combined);
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+hash_map<string, ProtoStreamObjectSource::TypeRenderer>*
+ProtoStreamObjectSource::CreateRendererMap() {
+  hash_map<string, ProtoStreamObjectSource::TypeRenderer>* result =
+      new hash_map<string, ProtoStreamObjectSource::TypeRenderer>();
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.Timestamp"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderTimestamp;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.Duration"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderDuration;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.DoubleValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderDouble;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.FloatValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderFloat;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.Int64Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderInt64;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.UInt64Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderUInt64;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.Int32Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderInt32;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.UInt32Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderUInt32;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.BoolValue"] = &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderBool;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.StringValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderString;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.BytesValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderBytes;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.Any"] = &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderAny;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.Struct"] = &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderStruct;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderStructValue;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.ListValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderStructListValue;
+  (*result)["google.protobuf.FieldMask"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderFieldMask;
+  return result;
+}
+
+// static
+ProtoStreamObjectSource::TypeRenderer*
+ProtoStreamObjectSource::FindTypeRenderer(const string& type_url) {
+  static hash_map<string, TypeRenderer>* renderers = CreateRendererMap();
+  return FindOrNull(*renderers, type_url);
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderField(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field, StringPiece field_name,
+    ObjectWriter* ow) const {
+  switch (field->kind()) {
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_BOOL: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderBool(field_name, buffer64 != 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_INT32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      ow->RenderInt32(field_name, bit_cast<int32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_INT64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderInt64(field_name, bit_cast<int64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      ow->RenderUint32(field_name, bit_cast<uint32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderUint64(field_name, bit_cast<uint64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      ow->RenderInt32(field_name, WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode32(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderInt64(field_name, WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode64(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+      ow->RenderInt32(field_name, bit_cast<int32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderInt64(field_name, bit_cast<int64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+      ow->RenderUint32(field_name, bit_cast<uint32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderUint64(field_name, bit_cast<uint64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+      ow->RenderFloat(field_name, bit_cast<float>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+      ow->RenderDouble(field_name, bit_cast<double>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+
+      // If the field represents an explicit NULL value, render null.
+      if (field->type_url() == kStructNullValueTypeUrl) {
+        ow->RenderNull(field_name);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Get the nested enum type for this field.
+      // TODO(skarvaje): Avoid string manipulation. Find ways to speed this
+      // up.
+      const google::protobuf::Enum* en = typeinfo_->GetEnum(field->type_url());
+      // Lookup the name of the enum, and render that. Skips unknown enums.
+      if (en != NULL) {
+        const google::protobuf::EnumValue* enum_value =
+            FindEnumValueByNumber(*en, buffer32);
+        if (enum_value != NULL) {
+          ow->RenderString(field_name, enum_value->name());
+        }
+      } else {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "Unkown enum skipped: " << field->type_url();
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_STRING: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      string str;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // string size.
+      stream_->ReadString(&str, buffer32);
+      ow->RenderString(field_name, str);
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // bytes size.
+      string value;
+      stream_->ReadString(&value, buffer32);
+      ow->RenderBytes(field_name, value);
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // message length
+      int old_limit = stream_->PushLimit(buffer32);
+      // Get the nested message type for this field.
+      const google::protobuf::Type* type =
+          typeinfo_->GetType(field->type_url());
+      if (type == NULL) {
+        return Status(util::error::INTERNAL,
+                      StrCat("Invalid configuration. Could not find the type: ",
+                             field->type_url()));
+      }
+      RETURN_IF_ERROR(WriteMessage(*type, field_name, 0, true, ow));
+      if (!stream_->ConsumedEntireMessage()) {
+        return Status(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                      "Nested protocol message not parsed in its entirety.");
+      }
+      stream_->PopLimit(old_limit);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Fix this to avoid code duplication.
+const string ProtoStreamObjectSource::ReadFieldValueAsString(
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field) const {
+  string result;
+  switch (field.kind()) {
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_BOOL: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      result = buffer64 != 0 ? "true" : "false";
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_INT32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      result = SimpleItoa(bit_cast<int32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_INT64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      result = SimpleItoa(bit_cast<int64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      result = SimpleItoa(bit_cast<uint32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      result = SimpleItoa(bit_cast<uint64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      result = SimpleItoa(WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode32(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&buffer64);
+      result = SimpleItoa(WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode64(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+      result = SimpleItoa(bit_cast<int32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+      result = SimpleItoa(bit_cast<int64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED32: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+      result = SimpleItoa(bit_cast<uint32>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED64: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+      result = SimpleItoa(bit_cast<uint64>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian32(&buffer32);
+      result = SimpleFtoa(bit_cast<float>(buffer32));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      uint64 buffer64;
+      stream_->ReadLittleEndian64(&buffer64);
+      result = SimpleDtoa(bit_cast<double>(buffer64));
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);
+      // Get the nested enum type for this field.
+      // TODO(skarvaje): Avoid string manipulation. Find ways to speed this
+      // up.
+      const google::protobuf::Enum* en = typeinfo_->GetEnum(field.type_url());
+      // Lookup the name of the enum, and render that. Skips unknown enums.
+      if (en != NULL) {
+        const google::protobuf::EnumValue* enum_value =
+            FindEnumValueByNumber(*en, buffer32);
+        if (enum_value != NULL) {
+          result = enum_value->name();
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_STRING: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // string size.
+      stream_->ReadString(&result, buffer32);
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      uint32 buffer32;
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&buffer32);  // bytes size.
+      stream_->ReadString(&result, buffer32);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Field is a map if it is a repeated message and it has an option "map_type".
+// TODO(skarvaje): Consider pre-computing the IsMap() into Field directly.
+bool ProtoStreamObjectSource::IsMap(
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field) const {
+  const google::protobuf::Type* field_type =
+      typeinfo_->GetType(field.type_url());
+
+  // TODO(xiaofeng): Unify option names.
+  return field.kind() == google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE &&
+         (GetBoolOptionOrDefault(field_type->options(),
+                                 "google.protobuf.MessageOptions.map_entry", false) ||
+          GetBoolOptionOrDefault(field_type->options(), "map_entry", false));
+}
+
+std::pair<int64, int32> ProtoStreamObjectSource::ReadSecondsAndNanos(
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type) const {
+  uint64 seconds = 0;
+  uint32 nanos = 0;
+  uint32 tag = 0;
+  int64 signed_seconds = 0;
+  int64 signed_nanos = 0;
+
+  for (tag = stream_->ReadTag(); tag != 0; tag = stream_->ReadTag()) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field = FindAndVerifyField(type, tag);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      WireFormat::SkipField(stream_, tag, NULL);
+      continue;
+    }
+    // 'seconds' has field number of 1 and 'nanos' has field number 2
+    // //google/protobuf/timestamp.proto & duration.proto
+    if (field->number() == 1) {
+      // read seconds
+      stream_->ReadVarint64(&seconds);
+      signed_seconds = bit_cast<int64>(seconds);
+    } else if (field->number() == 2) {
+      // read nanos
+      stream_->ReadVarint32(&nanos);
+      signed_nanos = bit_cast<int32>(nanos);
+    }
+  }
+  return std::pair<int64, int32>(signed_seconds, signed_nanos);
+}
+
+namespace {
+// TODO(skarvaje): Speed this up by not doing a linear scan.
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldByNumber(
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type, int number) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < type.fields_size(); ++i) {
+    if (type.fields(i).number() == number) {
+      return &type.fields(i);
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Replace FieldDescriptor by implementing IsTypePackable()
+// using tech Field.
+bool IsPackable(const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  return field.cardinality() ==
+             google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED &&
+         google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor::IsTypePackable(
+             static_cast<google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor::Type>(field.kind()));
+}
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Speed this up by not doing a linear scan.
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNumber(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum& tech_enum, int number) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < tech_enum.enumvalue_size(); ++i) {
+    const google::protobuf::EnumValue& ev = tech_enum.enumvalue(i);
+    if (ev.number() == number) {
+      return &ev;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Look into optimizing this by not doing computation on
+// double.
+const string FormatNanos(uint32 nanos) {
+  const char* format =
+      (nanos % 1000 != 0) ? "%.9f" : (nanos % 1000000 != 0) ? "%.6f" : "%.3f";
+  string formatted =
+      StringPrintf(format, static_cast<double>(nanos) / kNanosPerSecond);
+  // remove the leading 0 before decimal.
+  return formatted.substr(1);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a4e6bbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTOSTREAM_OBJECTSOURCE_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTOSTREAM_OBJECTSOURCE_H__
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_source.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class Field;
+class Type;
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class TypeInfo;
+
+// An ObjectSource that can parse a stream of bytes as a protocol buffer.
+// This implementation uses a tech Type for tag lookup.
+//
+// Sample usage: (suppose input is: string proto)
+//   ArrayInputStream arr_stream(proto.data(), proto.size());
+//   CodedInputStream in_stream(&arr_stream);
+//   ProtoStreamObjectSource os(&in_stream, /*ServiceTypeInfo*/ typeinfo,
+//                              <your message google::protobuf::Type>);
+//
+//   Status status = os.WriteTo(<some ObjectWriter>);
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoStreamObjectSource : public ObjectSource {
+ public:
+  ProtoStreamObjectSource(google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* stream,
+                          TypeResolver* type_resolver,
+                          const google::protobuf::Type& type);
+
+  virtual ~ProtoStreamObjectSource();
+
+  virtual util::Status NamedWriteTo(StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+ protected:
+  // Writes a proto2 Message to the ObjectWriter. When the given end_tag is
+  // found this method will complete, allowing it to be used for parsing both
+  // nested messages (end with 0) and nested groups (end with group end tag).
+  // The include_start_and_end parameter allows this method to be called when
+  // already inside of an object, and skip calling StartObject and EndObject.
+  virtual util::Status WriteMessage(const google::protobuf::Type& descriptor,
+                                      StringPiece name, const uint32 end_tag,
+                                      bool include_start_and_end,
+                                      ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+ private:
+  ProtoStreamObjectSource(google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* stream,
+                          TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+                          const google::protobuf::Type& type);
+  // Function that renders a well known type with a modified behavior.
+  typedef util::Status (*TypeRenderer)(const ProtoStreamObjectSource*,
+                                         const google::protobuf::Type&,
+                                         StringPiece, ObjectWriter*);
+
+  // Looks up a field and verify its consistency with wire type in tag.
+  const google::protobuf::Field* FindAndVerifyField(
+      const google::protobuf::Type& type, uint32 tag) const;
+
+  // TODO(skarvaje): Mark these methods as non-const as they modify internal
+  // state (stream_).
+  //
+  // Renders a repeating field (packed or unpacked).
+  // Returns the next tag after reading all sequential repeating elements. The
+  // caller should use this tag before reading more tags from the stream.
+  util::StatusOr<uint32> RenderList(const google::protobuf::Field* field,
+                                      StringPiece name, uint32 list_tag,
+                                      ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+  // Renders a NWP map.
+  // Returns the next tag after reading all map entries. The caller should use
+  // this tag before reading more tags from the stream.
+  util::StatusOr<uint32> RenderMap(const google::protobuf::Field* field,
+                                     StringPiece name, uint32 list_tag,
+                                     ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+  // Renders an entry in a map, advancing stream pointers appropriately.
+  util::Status RenderMapEntry(const google::protobuf::Type* type,
+                                ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+  // Renders a packed repeating field. A packed field is stored as:
+  // {tag length item1 item2 item3} instead of the less efficient
+  // {tag item1 tag item2 tag item3}.
+  util::Status RenderPacked(const google::protobuf::Field* field,
+                              ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+  // Equivalent of RenderPacked, but for map entries.
+  util::Status RenderPackedMapEntry(const google::protobuf::Type* type,
+                                      ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+  // Renders a google.protobuf.Timestamp value to ObjectWriter
+  static util::Status RenderTimestamp(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                        const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                        StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Renders a google.protobuf.Duration value to ObjectWriter
+  static util::Status RenderDuration(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                       const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                       StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Following RenderTYPE functions render well known types in
+  // google/protobuf/wrappers.proto corresponding to TYPE.
+  static util::Status RenderDouble(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                     const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                     StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderFloat(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                    const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                    StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderInt64(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                    const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                    StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderUInt64(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                     const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                     StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderInt32(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                    const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                    StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderUInt32(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                     const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                     StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderBool(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                   const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                   StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderString(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                     const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                     StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+  static util::Status RenderBytes(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                    const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                    StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Renders a google.protobuf.Struct to ObjectWriter.
+  static util::Status RenderStruct(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                     const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                     StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Helper to render google.protobuf.Struct's Value fields to ObjectWriter.
+  static util::Status RenderStructValue(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                          const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                          StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Helper to render google.protobuf.Struct's ListValue fields to ObjectWriter.
+  static util::Status RenderStructListValue(
+      const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+      const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+      StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Render the "Any" type.
+  static util::Status RenderAny(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                  const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                  StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  // Render the "FieldMask" type.
+  static util::Status RenderFieldMask(const ProtoStreamObjectSource* os,
+                                        const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                                        StringPiece name, ObjectWriter* ow);
+
+  static hash_map<string, TypeRenderer>* CreateRendererMap();
+  static TypeRenderer* FindTypeRenderer(const string& type_url);
+
+  // Renders a field value to the ObjectWriter.
+  util::Status RenderField(const google::protobuf::Field* field,
+                             StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+  // Reads field value according to Field spec in 'field' and returns the read
+  // value as string. This only works for primitive datatypes (no message
+  // types).
+  const string ReadFieldValueAsString(
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field) const;
+
+  // Utility function to detect proto maps. The 'field' MUST be repeated.
+  bool IsMap(const google::protobuf::Field& field) const;
+
+  // Utility to read int64 and int32 values from a message type in stream_.
+  // Used for reading google.protobuf.Timestamp and Duration messages.
+  std::pair<int64, int32> ReadSecondsAndNanos(
+      const google::protobuf::Type& type) const;
+
+  // Input stream to read from. Ownership rests with the caller.
+  google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* stream_;
+
+  // Type information for all the types used in the descriptor. Used to find
+  // google::protobuf::Type of nested messages/enums.
+  TypeInfo* typeinfo_;
+  // Whether this class owns the typeinfo_ object. If true the typeinfo_ object
+  // should be deleted in the destructor.
+  bool own_typeinfo_;
+
+  // google::protobuf::Type of the message source.
+  const google::protobuf::Type& type_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(ProtoStreamObjectSource);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTOSTREAM_OBJECTSOURCE_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4cc62410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,824 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/any.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.pb.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using google::protobuf::Descriptor;
+using google::protobuf::DescriptorPool;
+using google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto;
+using google::protobuf::Message;
+using google::protobuf::io::ArrayInputStream;
+using google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream;
+using util::Status;
+using google::protobuf::testing::Author;
+using google::protobuf::testing::BadAuthor;
+using google::protobuf::testing::BadNestedBook;
+using google::protobuf::testing::Book;
+using google::protobuf::testing::Book_Label;
+using google::protobuf::testing::NestedBook;
+using google::protobuf::testing::PackedPrimitive;
+using google::protobuf::testing::Primitive;
+using google::protobuf::testing::more_author;
+using google::protobuf::testing::maps::MapOut;
+using google::protobuf::testing::anys::AnyOut;
+using google::protobuf::testing::anys::AnyM;
+using google::protobuf::testing::FieldMaskTest;
+using google::protobuf::testing::NestedFieldMask;
+using google::protobuf::testing::structs::StructType;
+using ::testing::_;
+
+
+namespace {
+string GetTypeUrl(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return string(kTypeServiceBaseUrl) + "/" + descriptor->full_name();
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+class ProtostreamObjectSourceTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<testing::TypeInfoSource> {
+ protected:
+  ProtostreamObjectSourceTest() : helper_(GetParam()), mock_(), ow_(&mock_) {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(Book::descriptor());
+  }
+
+  virtual ~ProtostreamObjectSourceTest() {}
+
+  void DoTest(const Message& msg, const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    Status status = ExecuteTest(msg, descriptor);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Status::OK, status);
+  }
+
+  Status ExecuteTest(const Message& msg, const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    ostringstream oss;
+    msg.SerializePartialToOstream(&oss);
+    string proto = oss.str();
+    ArrayInputStream arr_stream(proto.data(), proto.size());
+    CodedInputStream in_stream(&arr_stream);
+
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<ProtoStreamObjectSource> os(
+        helper_.NewProtoSource(&in_stream, GetTypeUrl(descriptor)));
+    return os->WriteTo(&mock_);
+  }
+
+  void PrepareExpectingObjectWriterForRepeatedPrimitive() {
+    ow_.StartObject("")
+        ->StartList("rep_fix32")
+        ->RenderUint32("", bit_cast<uint32>(3201))
+        ->RenderUint32("", bit_cast<uint32>(0))
+        ->RenderUint32("", bit_cast<uint32>(3202))
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("rep_u32")
+        ->RenderUint32("", bit_cast<uint32>(3203))
+        ->RenderUint32("", bit_cast<uint32>(0))
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("rep_i32")
+        ->RenderInt32("", 0)
+        ->RenderInt32("", 3204)
+        ->RenderInt32("", 3205)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("rep_sf32")
+        ->RenderInt32("", 3206)
+        ->RenderInt32("", 0)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("rep_s32")
+        ->RenderInt32("", 0)
+        ->RenderInt32("", 3207)
+        ->RenderInt32("", 3208)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("rep_fix64")
+        ->RenderUint64("", bit_cast<uint64>(6401LL))
+        ->RenderUint64("", bit_cast<uint64>(0LL))
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("rep_u64")
+        ->RenderUint64("", bit_cast<uint64>(0LL))
+        ->RenderUint64("", bit_cast<uint64>(6402LL))
+        ->RenderUint64("", bit_cast<uint64>(6403LL))
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("rep_i64")
+        ->RenderInt64("", 6404L)
+        ->RenderInt64("", 0L)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("rep_sf64")
+        ->RenderInt64("", 0L)
+        ->RenderInt64("", 6405L)
+        ->RenderInt64("", 6406L)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("rep_s64")
+        ->RenderInt64("", 6407L)
+        ->RenderInt64("", 0L)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("rep_float")
+        ->RenderFloat("", 0.0f)
+        ->RenderFloat("", 32.1f)
+        ->RenderFloat("", 32.2f)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("rep_double")
+        ->RenderDouble("", 64.1L)
+        ->RenderDouble("", 0.0L)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->StartList("rep_bool")
+        ->RenderBool("", true)
+        ->RenderBool("", false)
+        ->EndList()
+        ->EndObject();
+  }
+
+  Primitive PrepareRepeatedPrimitive() {
+    Primitive primitive;
+    primitive.add_rep_fix32(3201);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix32(3202);
+    primitive.add_rep_u32(3203);
+    primitive.add_rep_u32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_i32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_i32(3204);
+    primitive.add_rep_i32(3205);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf32(3206);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_s32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_s32(3207);
+    primitive.add_rep_s32(3208);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix64(6401L);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_u64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_u64(6402L);
+    primitive.add_rep_u64(6403L);
+    primitive.add_rep_i64(6404L);
+    primitive.add_rep_i64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf64(6405L);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf64(6406L);
+    primitive.add_rep_s64(6407L);
+    primitive.add_rep_s64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_float(0.0f);
+    primitive.add_rep_float(32.1f);
+    primitive.add_rep_float(32.2f);
+    primitive.add_rep_double(64.1L);
+    primitive.add_rep_double(0.0);
+    primitive.add_rep_bool(true);
+    primitive.add_rep_bool(false);
+
+    PrepareExpectingObjectWriterForRepeatedPrimitive();
+    return primitive;
+  }
+
+  PackedPrimitive PreparePackedPrimitive() {
+    PackedPrimitive primitive;
+    primitive.add_rep_fix32(3201);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix32(3202);
+    primitive.add_rep_u32(3203);
+    primitive.add_rep_u32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_i32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_i32(3204);
+    primitive.add_rep_i32(3205);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf32(3206);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_s32(0);
+    primitive.add_rep_s32(3207);
+    primitive.add_rep_s32(3208);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix64(6401L);
+    primitive.add_rep_fix64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_u64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_u64(6402L);
+    primitive.add_rep_u64(6403L);
+    primitive.add_rep_i64(6404L);
+    primitive.add_rep_i64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf64(6405L);
+    primitive.add_rep_sf64(6406L);
+    primitive.add_rep_s64(6407L);
+    primitive.add_rep_s64(0L);
+    primitive.add_rep_float(0.0f);
+    primitive.add_rep_float(32.1f);
+    primitive.add_rep_float(32.2f);
+    primitive.add_rep_double(64.1L);
+    primitive.add_rep_double(0.0);
+    primitive.add_rep_bool(true);
+    primitive.add_rep_bool(false);
+
+    PrepareExpectingObjectWriterForRepeatedPrimitive();
+    return primitive;
+  }
+
+  testing::TypeInfoTestHelper helper_;
+
+  ::testing::NiceMock<MockObjectWriter> mock_;
+  ExpectingObjectWriter ow_;
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                        ProtostreamObjectSourceTest,
+                        ::testing::Values(
+                            testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, EmptyMessage) {
+  Book empty;
+  ow_.StartObject("")->EndObject();
+  DoTest(empty, Book::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, Primitives) {
+  Primitive primitive;
+  primitive.set_fix32(3201);
+  primitive.set_u32(3202);
+  primitive.set_i32(3203);
+  primitive.set_sf32(3204);
+  primitive.set_s32(3205);
+  primitive.set_fix64(6401L);
+  primitive.set_u64(6402L);
+  primitive.set_i64(6403L);
+  primitive.set_sf64(6404L);
+  primitive.set_s64(6405L);
+  primitive.set_str("String Value");
+  primitive.set_bytes("Some Bytes");
+  primitive.set_float_(32.1f);
+  primitive.set_double_(64.1L);
+  primitive.set_bool_(true);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderUint32("fix32", bit_cast<uint32>(3201))
+      ->RenderUint32("u32", bit_cast<uint32>(3202))
+      ->RenderInt32("i32", 3203)
+      ->RenderInt32("sf32", 3204)
+      ->RenderInt32("s32", 3205)
+      ->RenderUint64("fix64", bit_cast<uint64>(6401LL))
+      ->RenderUint64("u64", bit_cast<uint64>(6402LL))
+      ->RenderInt64("i64", 6403L)
+      ->RenderInt64("sf64", 6404L)
+      ->RenderInt64("s64", 6405L)
+      ->RenderString("str", "String Value")
+      ->RenderBytes("bytes", "Some Bytes")
+      ->RenderFloat("float", 32.1f)
+      ->RenderDouble("double", 64.1L)
+      ->RenderBool("bool", true)
+      ->EndObject();
+  DoTest(primitive, Primitive::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, RepeatingPrimitives) {
+  Primitive primitive = PrepareRepeatedPrimitive();
+  primitive.add_rep_str("String One");
+  primitive.add_rep_str("String Two");
+  primitive.add_rep_bytes("Some Bytes");
+
+  ow_.StartList("rep_str")
+      ->RenderString("", "String One")
+      ->RenderString("", "String Two")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_bytes")
+      ->RenderBytes("", "Some Bytes")
+      ->EndList();
+  DoTest(primitive, Primitive::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, NestedMessage) {
+  Author* author = new Author();
+  author->set_id(101L);
+  author->set_name("Tolstoy");
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("My Book");
+  book.set_allocated_author(author);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "My Book")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderUint64("id", bit_cast<uint64>(101LL))
+      ->RenderString("name", "Tolstoy")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  DoTest(book, Book::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, RepeatingField) {
+  Author author;
+  author.set_alive(false);
+  author.set_name("john");
+  author.add_pseudonym("phil");
+  author.add_pseudonym("bob");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderBool("alive", false)
+      ->RenderString("name", "john")
+      ->StartList("pseudonym")
+      ->RenderString("", "phil")
+      ->RenderString("", "bob")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  DoTest(author, Author::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, PackedRepeatingFields) {
+  DoTest(PreparePackedPrimitive(), PackedPrimitive::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, NonPackedPackableFieldsActuallyPacked) {
+  // Protostream is packed, but parse with non-packed Primitive.
+  DoTest(PreparePackedPrimitive(), Primitive::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, PackedPackableFieldNotActuallyPacked) {
+  // Protostream is not packed, but parse with PackedPrimitive.
+  DoTest(PrepareRepeatedPrimitive(), PackedPrimitive::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, BadAuthor) {
+  Author author;
+  author.set_alive(false);
+  author.set_name("john");
+  author.set_id(1234L);
+  author.add_pseudonym("phil");
+  author.add_pseudonym("bob");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("alive")
+      ->RenderBool("", false)
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("name")
+      ->RenderUint64("", static_cast<uint64>('j'))
+      ->RenderUint64("", static_cast<uint64>('o'))
+      ->RenderUint64("", static_cast<uint64>('h'))
+      ->RenderUint64("", static_cast<uint64>('n'))
+      ->EndList()
+      ->RenderString("pseudonym", "phil")
+      ->RenderString("pseudonym", "bob")
+      ->EndObject();
+  // Protostream created with Author, but parsed with BadAuthor.
+  DoTest(author, BadAuthor::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, NestedBookToBadNestedBook) {
+  Book* book = new Book();
+  book->set_length(250);
+  book->set_published(2014L);
+  NestedBook nested;
+  nested.set_allocated_book(book);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("book")
+      ->RenderUint32("", 24)  // tag for field length (3 << 3)
+      ->RenderUint32("", 250)
+      ->RenderUint32("", 32)  // tag for field published (4 << 3)
+      ->RenderUint32("", 2014)
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  // Protostream created with NestedBook, but parsed with BadNestedBook.
+  DoTest(nested, BadNestedBook::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, BadNestedBookToNestedBook) {
+  BadNestedBook nested;
+  nested.add_book(1);
+  nested.add_book(2);
+  nested.add_book(3);
+  nested.add_book(4);
+  nested.add_book(5);
+  nested.add_book(6);
+  nested.add_book(7);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")->StartObject("book")->EndObject()->EndObject();
+  // Protostream created with BadNestedBook, but parsed with NestedBook.
+  DoTest(nested, NestedBook::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest,
+       LongRepeatedListDoesNotBreakIntoMultipleJsonLists) {
+  Book book;
+
+  int repeat = 10000;
+  for (int i = 0; i < repeat; ++i) {
+    Book_Label* label = book.add_labels();
+    label->set_key(StrCat("i", i));
+    label->set_value(StrCat("v", i));
+  }
+
+  // Make sure StartList and EndList are called exactly once (see b/18227499 for
+  // problems when this doesn't happen)
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock_, StartList(_)).Times(1);
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock_, EndList()).Times(1);
+
+  DoTest(book, Book::descriptor());
+}
+
+class ProtostreamObjectSourceMapsTest : public ProtostreamObjectSourceTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtostreamObjectSourceMapsTest() {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(MapOut::descriptor());
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                        ProtostreamObjectSourceMapsTest,
+                        ::testing::Values(
+                            testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+// Tests JSON map.
+//
+// This is the example expected output.
+// {
+//   "map1": {
+//     "key1": {
+//       "foo": "foovalue"
+//     },
+//     "key2": {
+//       "foo": "barvalue"
+//     }
+//   },
+//   "map2": {
+//     "nestedself": {
+//       "map1": {
+//         "nested_key1": {
+//           "foo": "nested_foo"
+//         }
+//       },
+//       "bar": "nested_bar_string"
+//     }
+//   },
+//   "map3": {
+//     "111": "one one one"
+//   },
+//   "bar": "top bar"
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceMapsTest, MapsTest) {
+  MapOut out;
+  (*out.mutable_map1())["key1"].set_foo("foovalue");
+  (*out.mutable_map1())["key2"].set_foo("barvalue");
+
+  MapOut* nested_value = &(*out.mutable_map2())["nestedself"];
+  (*nested_value->mutable_map1())["nested_key1"].set_foo("nested_foo");
+  nested_value->set_bar("nested_bar_string");
+
+  (*out.mutable_map3())[111] = "one one one";
+
+  out.set_bar("top bar");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("map1")
+      ->StartObject("key1")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("key2")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "barvalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("map2")
+      ->StartObject("nestedself")
+      ->StartObject("map1")
+      ->StartObject("nested_key1")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "nested_foo")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("bar", "nested_bar_string")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("map3")
+      ->RenderString("111", "one one one")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("bar", "top bar")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, MapOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+class ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest : public ProtostreamObjectSourceTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest() {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(AnyOut::descriptor(),
+                          google::protobuf::Any::descriptor());
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                        ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest,
+                        ::testing::Values(
+                            testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+// Tests JSON any support.
+//
+// This is the example expected output.
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM"
+//     "foo": "foovalue"
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, BasicAny) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  any->PackFrom(m);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, RecursiveAny) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+  any->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any nested_any;
+  nested_any.set_type_url(
+      "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM");
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  nested_any.set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+
+  any->set_value(nested_any.SerializeAsString());
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, DoubleRecursiveAny) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+  any->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any nested_any;
+  nested_any.set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any second_nested_any;
+  second_nested_any.set_type_url(
+      "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM");
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  second_nested_any.set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+  nested_any.set_value(second_nested_any.SerializeAsString());
+  any->set_value(nested_any.SerializeAsString());
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, EmptyAnyOutputsEmptyObject) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  out.mutable_any();
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")->StartObject("any")->EndObject()->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, EmptyWithTypeAndNoValueOutputsType) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  out.mutable_any()->set_type_url("foo.googleapis.com/my.Type");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "foo.googleapis.com/my.Type")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, MissingTypeUrlError) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  any->set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+
+  // We start the "AnyOut" part and then fail when we hit the Any object.
+  ow_.StartObject("");
+
+  Status status = ExecuteTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INTERNAL, status.error_code());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, UnknownTypeServiceError) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+  any->set_type_url("foo.googleapis.com/my.own.Type");
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  any->set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+
+  // We start the "AnyOut" part and then fail when we hit the Any object.
+  ow_.StartObject("");
+
+  Status status = ExecuteTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INTERNAL, status.error_code());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, UnknownTypeError) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+  any->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/unknown.Type");
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  any->set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+
+  // We start the "AnyOut" part and then fail when we hit the Any object.
+  ow_.StartObject("");
+
+  Status status = ExecuteTest(out, AnyOut::descriptor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INTERNAL, status.error_code());
+}
+
+class ProtostreamObjectSourceStructTest : public ProtostreamObjectSourceTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtostreamObjectSourceStructTest() {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(StructType::descriptor(),
+                          google::protobuf::Struct::descriptor());
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                        ProtostreamObjectSourceStructTest,
+                        ::testing::Values(
+                            testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+// Tests struct
+//
+//  "object": {
+//    "k1": 123,
+//    "k2": true
+//  }
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceStructTest, StructRenderSuccess) {
+  StructType out;
+  google::protobuf::Struct* s = out.mutable_object();
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k1").set_number_value(123);
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k2").set_bool_value(true);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("object")
+      ->RenderDouble("k1", 123)
+      ->RenderBool("k2", true)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, StructType::descriptor());
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceStructTest, MissingValueSkipsField) {
+  StructType out;
+  google::protobuf::Struct* s = out.mutable_object();
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k1");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")->StartObject("object")->EndObject()->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, StructType::descriptor());
+}
+
+class ProtostreamObjectSourceFieldMaskTest
+    : public ProtostreamObjectSourceTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtostreamObjectSourceFieldMaskTest() {
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(FieldMaskTest::descriptor(),
+                          google::protobuf::FieldMask::descriptor());
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                        ProtostreamObjectSourceFieldMaskTest,
+                        ::testing::Values(
+                            testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceFieldMaskTest, FieldMaskRenderSuccess) {
+  FieldMaskTest out;
+  out.set_id("1");
+  out.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("path1");
+  out.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("snake_case_path2");
+  ::google::protobuf::FieldMask* mask = out.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("path3");
+  mask = out.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("snake_case_path4");
+  mask->add_paths("path5");
+  NestedFieldMask* nested = out.add_nested_mask();
+  nested->set_data("data");
+  nested->mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("nested.path1");
+  nested->mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("nested_field.snake_case_path2");
+  mask = nested->add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("nested_field.path3");
+  mask->add_paths("nested.snake_case_path4");
+  mask = nested->add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("nested.path5");
+  mask = nested->add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths(
+      "snake_case.map_field[\"map_key_should_be_ignored\"].nested_snake_case."
+      "map_field[\"map_key_sho\\\"uld_be_ignored\"]");
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("id", "1")
+      ->RenderString("single_mask", "path1,snakeCasePath2")
+      ->StartList("repeated_mask")
+      ->RenderString("", "path3")
+      ->RenderString("", "snakeCasePath4,path5")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("nested_mask")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("data", "data")
+      ->RenderString("single_mask", "nested.path1,nestedField.snakeCasePath2")
+      ->StartList("repeated_mask")
+      ->RenderString("", "nestedField.path3,nested.snakeCasePath4")
+      ->RenderString("", "nested.path5")
+      ->RenderString("",
+                     "snakeCase.mapField[\"map_key_should_be_ignored\"]."
+                     "nestedSnakeCase.mapField[\"map_key_sho\\\"uld_be_"
+                     "ignored\"]")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, FieldMaskTest::descriptor());
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9ddbf32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1557 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <stack>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/time.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/field_mask_utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_location_tracker.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite;
+using google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream;
+using util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+using util::Status;
+using util::StatusOr;
+
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoStreamObjectWriter(
+    TypeResolver* type_resolver, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener)
+    : master_type_(type),
+      typeinfo_(TypeInfo::NewTypeInfo(type_resolver)),
+      own_typeinfo_(true),
+      done_(false),
+      element_(NULL),
+      size_insert_(),
+      output_(output),
+      buffer_(),
+      adapter_(&buffer_),
+      stream_(new CodedOutputStream(&adapter_)),
+      listener_(listener),
+      invalid_depth_(0),
+      tracker_(new ObjectLocationTracker()) {}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoStreamObjectWriter(
+    TypeInfo* typeinfo, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener)
+    : master_type_(type),
+      typeinfo_(typeinfo),
+      own_typeinfo_(false),
+      done_(false),
+      element_(NULL),
+      size_insert_(),
+      output_(output),
+      buffer_(),
+      adapter_(&buffer_),
+      stream_(new CodedOutputStream(&adapter_)),
+      listener_(listener),
+      invalid_depth_(0),
+      tracker_(new ObjectLocationTracker()) {}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::~ProtoStreamObjectWriter() {
+  // Cleanup explicitly in order to avoid destructor stack overflow when input
+  // is deeply nested.
+  while (element_ != NULL) {
+    element_.reset(element_->pop());
+  }
+  if (own_typeinfo_) {
+    delete typeinfo_;
+  }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Writes an INT32 field, including tag to the stream.
+inline Status WriteInt32(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                         CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int32> i32 = data.ToInt32();
+  if (i32.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(field_number, i32.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return i32.status();
+}
+
+// writes an SFIXED32 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteSFixed32(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                            CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int32> i32 = data.ToInt32();
+  if (i32.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed32(field_number, i32.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return i32.status();
+}
+
+// Writes an SINT32 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteSInt32(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                          CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int32> i32 = data.ToInt32();
+  if (i32.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteSInt32(field_number, i32.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return i32.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a FIXED32 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteFixed32(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                           CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<uint32> u32 = data.ToUint32();
+  if (u32.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteFixed32(field_number, u32.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return u32.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a UINT32 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteUInt32(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                          CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<uint32> u32 = data.ToUint32();
+  if (u32.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32(field_number, u32.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return u32.status();
+}
+
+// Writes an INT64 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteInt64(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                         CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int64> i64 = data.ToInt64();
+  if (i64.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteInt64(field_number, i64.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return i64.status();
+}
+
+// Writes an SFIXED64 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteSFixed64(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                            CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int64> i64 = data.ToInt64();
+  if (i64.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteSFixed64(field_number, i64.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return i64.status();
+}
+
+// Writes an SINT64 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteSInt64(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                          CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int64> i64 = data.ToInt64();
+  if (i64.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteSInt64(field_number, i64.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return i64.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a FIXED64 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteFixed64(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                           CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<uint64> u64 = data.ToUint64();
+  if (u64.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteFixed64(field_number, u64.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return u64.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a UINT64 field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteUInt64(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                          CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<uint64> u64 = data.ToUint64();
+  if (u64.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64(field_number, u64.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return u64.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a DOUBLE field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteDouble(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                          CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<double> d = data.ToDouble();
+  if (d.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteDouble(field_number, d.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return d.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a FLOAT field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteFloat(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                         CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<float> f = data.ToFloat();
+  if (f.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteFloat(field_number, f.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return f.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a BOOL field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteBool(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                        CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<bool> b = data.ToBool();
+  if (b.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteBool(field_number, b.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return b.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a BYTES field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteBytes(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                         CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<string> c = data.ToBytes();
+  if (c.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteBytes(field_number, c.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return c.status();
+}
+
+// Writes a STRING field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteString(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                          CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<string> s = data.ToString();
+  if (s.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteString(field_number, s.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return s.status();
+}
+
+// Writes an ENUM field, including tag, to the stream.
+inline Status WriteEnum(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
+                        const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type,
+                        CodedOutputStream* stream) {
+  StatusOr<int> e = data.ToEnum(enum_type);
+  if (e.ok()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteEnum(field_number, e.ValueOrDie(), stream);
+  }
+  return e.status();
+}
+
+// Given a google::protobuf::Type, returns the set of all required fields.
+std::set<const google::protobuf::Field*> GetRequiredFields(
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type) {
+  std::set<const google::protobuf::Field*> required;
+  for (int i = 0; i < type.fields_size(); i++) {
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field = type.fields(i);
+    if (field.cardinality() ==
+        google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REQUIRED) {
+      required.insert(&field);
+    }
+  }
+  return required;
+}
+
+// Utility method to split a string representation of Timestamp or Duration and
+// return the parts.
+void SplitSecondsAndNanos(StringPiece input, StringPiece* seconds,
+                          StringPiece* nanos) {
+  size_t idx = input.rfind('.');
+  if (idx != string::npos) {
+    *seconds = input.substr(0, idx);
+    *nanos = input.substr(idx + 1);
+  } else {
+    *seconds = input;
+    *nanos = StringPiece();
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::AnyWriter(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* parent)
+    : parent_(parent),
+      ow_(),
+      invalid_(false),
+      data_(),
+      output_(&data_),
+      depth_(0),
+      has_injected_value_message_(false) {}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::~AnyWriter() {}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::StartObject(StringPiece name) {
+  ++depth_;
+  // If an object writer is absent, that means we have not called StartAny()
+  // before reaching here. This is an invalid state. StartAny() gets called
+  // whenever we see an "@type" being rendered (see AnyWriter::RenderDataPiece).
+  if (ow_ == NULL) {
+    // Make sure we are not already in an invalid state. This avoids making
+    // multiple unnecessary InvalidValue calls.
+    if (!invalid_) {
+      parent_->InvalidValue("Any",
+                            StrCat("Missing or invalid @type for any field in ",
+                                   parent_->master_type_.name()));
+      invalid_ = true;
+    }
+  } else if (!has_injected_value_message_ || depth_ != 1 || name != "value") {
+    // We don't propagate to ow_ StartObject("value") calls for nested Anys or
+    // Struct at depth 1 as they are nested one level deep with an injected
+    // "value" field.
+    ow_->StartObject(name);
+  }
+}
+
+bool ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::EndObject() {
+  --depth_;
+  // As long as depth_ >= 0, we know we haven't reached the end of Any.
+  // Propagate these EndObject() calls to the contained ow_.  If we are in a
+  // nested Any or Struct type, ignore the second to last EndObject call (depth_
+  // == -1)
+  if (ow_ != NULL && (!has_injected_value_message_ || depth_ >= 0)) {
+    ow_->EndObject();
+  }
+  // A negative depth_ implies that we have reached the end of Any
+  // object. Now we write out its contents.
+  if (depth_ < 0) {
+    WriteAny();
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::StartList(StringPiece name) {
+  ++depth_;
+  // We expect ow_ to be present as this call only makes sense inside an Any.
+  if (ow_ == NULL) {
+    if (!invalid_) {
+      parent_->InvalidValue("Any",
+                            StrCat("Missing or invalid @type for any field in ",
+                                   parent_->master_type_.name()));
+      invalid_ = true;
+    }
+  } else {
+    ow_->StartList(name);
+  }
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::EndList() {
+  --depth_;
+  if (depth_ < 0) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Mismatched EndList found, should not be possible";
+    depth_ = 0;
+  }
+  // We don't write an error on the close, only on the open
+  if (ow_ != NULL) {
+    ow_->EndList();
+  }
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::RenderDataPiece(
+    StringPiece name, const DataPiece& value) {
+  // Start an Any only at depth_ 0. Other RenderDataPiece calls with "@type"
+  // should go to the contained ow_ as they indicate nested Anys.
+  if (depth_ == 0 && ow_ == NULL && name == "@type") {
+    StartAny(value);
+  } else if (ow_ == NULL) {
+    if (!invalid_) {
+      parent_->InvalidValue("Any",
+                            StrCat("Missing or invalid @type for any field in ",
+                                   parent_->master_type_.name()));
+      invalid_ = true;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Check to see if the data needs to be rendered with well-known-type
+    // renderer.
+    const TypeRenderer* type_renderer =
+        FindTypeRenderer(GetFullTypeWithUrl(ow_->master_type_.name()));
+    if (type_renderer) {
+      // TODO(rikka): Don't just ignore the util::Status object!
+      (*type_renderer)(ow_.get(), value);
+    } else {
+      ow_->RenderDataPiece(name, value);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::StartAny(const DataPiece& value) {
+  // Figure out the type url. This is a copy-paste from WriteString but we also
+  // need the value, so we can't just call through to that.
+  if (value.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
+    type_url_ = value.str().ToString();
+  } else {
+    StatusOr<string> s = value.ToString();
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      parent_->InvalidValue("String", s.status().error_message());
+      invalid_ = true;
+      return;
+    }
+    type_url_ = s.ValueOrDie();
+  }
+  // Resolve the type url, and report an error if we failed to resolve it.
+  StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> resolved_type =
+      parent_->typeinfo_->ResolveTypeUrl(type_url_);
+  if (!resolved_type.ok()) {
+    parent_->InvalidValue("Any", resolved_type.status().error_message());
+    invalid_ = true;
+    return;
+  }
+  // At this point, type is never null.
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = resolved_type.ValueOrDie();
+
+  // If this is the case of an Any in an Any or Struct in an Any, we need to
+  // expect a StartObject call with "value" while we're at depth_ 0, which we
+  // should ignore (not propagate to our nested object writer). We also need to
+  // ignore the second-to-last EndObject call, and not propagate that either.
+  if (type->name() == kAnyType || type->name() == kStructType) {
+    has_injected_value_message_ = true;
+  }
+
+  // Create our object writer and initialize it with the first StartObject
+  // call.
+  ow_.reset(new ProtoStreamObjectWriter(parent_->typeinfo_, *type, &output_,
+                                        parent_->listener_));
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::WriteAny() {
+  if (ow_ == NULL) {
+    // If we had no object writer, we never got any content, so just return
+    // immediately, which is equivalent to writing an empty Any.
+    return;
+  }
+  // Render the type_url and value fields directly to the stream.
+  // type_url has tag 1 and value has tag 2.
+  WireFormatLite::WriteString(1, type_url_, parent_->stream_.get());
+  if (!data_.empty()) {
+    WireFormatLite::WriteBytes(2, data_, parent_->stream_.get());
+  }
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoElement::ProtoElement(
+    TypeInfo* typeinfo, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    ProtoStreamObjectWriter* enclosing)
+    : BaseElement(NULL),
+      ow_(enclosing),
+      any_(),
+      field_(NULL),
+      typeinfo_(typeinfo),
+      type_(type),
+      required_fields_(GetRequiredFields(type)),
+      is_repeated_type_(false),
+      size_index_(-1),
+      array_index_(-1),
+      element_type_(GetElementType(type_)) {
+  if (element_type_ == ANY) {
+    any_.reset(new AnyWriter(ow_));
+  }
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoElement::ProtoElement(
+    ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoElement* parent,
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    ElementType element_type)
+    : BaseElement(parent),
+      ow_(this->parent()->ow_),
+      any_(),
+      field_(field),
+      typeinfo_(this->parent()->typeinfo_),
+      type_(type),
+      is_repeated_type_(element_type == ProtoElement::LIST ||
+                        element_type == ProtoElement::STRUCT_LIST ||
+                        element_type == ProtoElement::MAP ||
+                        element_type == ProtoElement::STRUCT_MAP),
+      size_index_(!is_repeated_type_ &&
+                          field->kind() ==
+                              google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE
+                      ? ow_->size_insert_.size()
+                      : -1),
+      array_index_(is_repeated_type_ ? 0 : -1),
+      element_type_(element_type) {
+  if (!is_repeated_type_) {
+    if (field->cardinality() ==
+        google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED) {
+      // Update array_index_ if it is an explicit list.
+      if (this->parent()->array_index_ >= 0) this->parent()->array_index_++;
+    } else {
+      this->parent()->RegisterField(field);
+    }
+    if (field->kind() == google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      required_fields_ = GetRequiredFields(type_);
+      int start_pos = ow_->stream_->ByteCount();
+      // length of serialized message is the final buffer position minus
+      // starting buffer position, plus length adjustments for size fields
+      // of any nested messages. We start with -start_pos here, so we only
+      // need to add the final buffer position to it at the end.
+      SizeInfo info = {start_pos, -start_pos};
+      ow_->size_insert_.push_back(info);
+    }
+  }
+  if (element_type == ANY) {
+    any_.reset(new AnyWriter(ow_));
+  }
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoElement*
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoElement::pop() {
+  // Calls the registered error listener for any required field(s) not yet
+  // seen.
+  for (set<const google::protobuf::Field*>::iterator it =
+           required_fields_.begin();
+       it != required_fields_.end(); ++it) {
+    ow_->MissingField((*it)->name());
+  }
+  // Computes the total number of proto bytes used by a message, also adjusts
+  // the size of all parent messages by the length of this size field.
+  // If size_index_ < 0, this is not a message, so no size field is added.
+  if (size_index_ >= 0) {
+    // Add the final buffer position to compute the total length of this
+    // serialized message. The stored value (before this addition) already
+    // contains the total length of the size fields of all nested messages
+    // minus the initial buffer position.
+    ow_->size_insert_[size_index_].size += ow_->stream_->ByteCount();
+    // Calculate the length required to serialize the size field of the
+    // message, and propagate this additional size information upward to
+    // all enclosing messages.
+    int size = ow_->size_insert_[size_index_].size;
+    int length = CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(size);
+    for (ProtoElement* e = parent(); e != NULL; e = e->parent()) {
+      // Only nested messages have size field, lists do not have size field.
+      if (e->size_index_ >= 0) {
+        ow_->size_insert_[e->size_index_].size += length;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return BaseElement::pop<ProtoElement>();
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoElement::RegisterField(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field) {
+  if (!required_fields_.empty() &&
+      field->cardinality() ==
+          google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REQUIRED) {
+    required_fields_.erase(field);
+  }
+}
+
+string ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoElement::ToString() const {
+  if (parent() == NULL) return "";
+  string loc = parent()->ToString();
+  if (field_->cardinality() !=
+          google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED ||
+      parent()->field_ != field_) {
+    string name = field_->name();
+    int i = 0;
+    while (i < name.size() && (ascii_isalnum(name[i]) || name[i] == '_')) ++i;
+    if (i > 0 && i == name.size()) {  // safe field name
+      if (loc.empty()) {
+        loc = name;
+      } else {
+        StrAppend(&loc, ".", name);
+      }
+    } else {
+      StrAppend(&loc, "[\"", CEscape(name), "\"]");
+    }
+  }
+  if (field_->cardinality() ==
+          google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED &&
+      array_index_ > 0) {
+    StrAppend(&loc, "[", array_index_ - 1, "]");
+  }
+  return loc.empty() ? "." : loc;
+}
+
+inline void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::InvalidName(StringPiece unknown_name,
+                                                 StringPiece message) {
+  listener_->InvalidName(location(), ToSnakeCase(unknown_name), message);
+}
+
+inline void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::InvalidValue(StringPiece type_name,
+                                                  StringPiece value) {
+  listener_->InvalidValue(location(), type_name, value);
+}
+
+inline void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::MissingField(StringPiece missing_name) {
+  listener_->MissingField(location(), missing_name);
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::StartObject(
+    StringPiece name) {
+  // Starting the root message. Create the root ProtoElement and return.
+  if (element_ == NULL) {
+    if (!name.empty()) {
+      InvalidName(name, "Root element should not be named.");
+    }
+    element_.reset(new ProtoElement(typeinfo_, master_type_, this));
+
+    // If master type is a special type that needs extra values to be written to
+    // stream, we write those values.
+    if (master_type_.name() == kStructType) {
+      StartStruct(NULL);
+    } else if (master_type_.name() == kStructValueType) {
+      // We got a StartObject call with google.protobuf.Value field. This means
+      // we are starting an object within google.protobuf.Value type. The only
+      // object within that type is a struct type. So start a struct.
+      const google::protobuf::Field* field = StartStructValueInStruct(NULL);
+      StartStruct(field);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = NULL;
+  if (element_ != NULL && element_->IsAny()) {
+    element_->any()->StartObject(name);
+    return this;
+  } else if (element_ != NULL &&
+             (element_->IsMap() || element_->IsStructMap())) {
+    field = StartMapEntry(name);
+    if (element_->IsStructMapEntry()) {
+      // If the top element is a map entry, this means we are starting another
+      // struct within a struct.
+      field = StartStructValueInStruct(field);
+    }
+  } else if (element_ != NULL && element_->IsStructList()) {
+    // If the top element is a list, then we are starting a list field within a
+    // struct.
+    field = Lookup(name);
+    field = StartStructValueInStruct(field);
+  } else {
+    field = BeginNamed(name, false);
+  }
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = LookupType(field);
+  if (type == NULL) {
+    ++invalid_depth_;
+    InvalidName(name,
+                StrCat("Missing descriptor for field: ", field->type_url()));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (field->type_url() == GetFullTypeWithUrl(kStructType)) {
+    // Start a struct object.
+    StartStruct(field);
+  } else if (field->type_url() == GetFullTypeWithUrl(kStructValueType)) {
+    // We got a StartObject call with google.protobuf.Value field. This means we
+    // are starting an object within google.protobuf.Value type. The only object
+    // within that type is a struct type. So start a struct.
+    field = StartStructValueInStruct(field);
+    StartStruct(field);
+  } else if (field->type_url() == GetFullTypeWithUrl(kAnyType)) {
+    // Begin an Any. We can't do the real work till we get the @type field.
+    WriteTag(*field);
+    element_.reset(
+        new ProtoElement(element_.release(), field, *type, ProtoElement::ANY));
+  } else if (IsMap(*field)) {
+    // Begin a map.
+    // A map is triggered by a StartObject() call if the current field has a map
+    // type. Map values are written to proto in a manner detailed in comments
+    // above StartMapEntry() function.
+    element_.reset(
+        new ProtoElement(element_.release(), field, *type, ProtoElement::MAP));
+  } else {
+    WriteTag(*field);
+    element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), field, *type,
+                                    ProtoElement::MESSAGE));
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+// Proto3 maps are represented on the wire as a message with
+// "key" and a "value".
+//
+// For example, the syntax:
+// map<key_type, value_type> map_field = N;
+//
+// is represented as:
+// message MapFieldEntry {
+//   option map_entry = true;   // marks the map construct in the descriptor
+//
+//   key_type key = 1;
+//   value_type value = 2;
+// }
+// repeated MapFieldEntry map_field = N;
+//
+// See go/proto3-maps for more information.
+const google::protobuf::Field* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::StartMapEntry(
+    StringPiece name) {
+  // top of stack is already a map field
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = element_->field();
+  const google::protobuf::Type& type = element_->type();
+  // If we come from a regular map, use MAP_ENTRY or if we come from a struct,
+  // use STRUCT_MAP_ENTRY. These values are used later in StartObject/StartList
+  // or RenderDataPiece for making appropriate decisions.
+  ProtoElement::ElementType element_type = element_->IsStructMap()
+                                               ? ProtoElement::STRUCT_MAP_ENTRY
+                                               : ProtoElement::MAP_ENTRY;
+  WriteTag(*field);
+  element_.reset(
+      new ProtoElement(element_.release(), field, type, element_type));
+  RenderDataPiece("key", DataPiece(name));
+  return BeginNamed("value", false);
+}
+
+// Starts a google.protobuf.Struct.
+// 'field' represents a field in a message of type google.protobuf.Struct.  A
+// struct contains a map with name 'fields'. This function starts this map as
+// well.
+// When 'field' is NULL, it means that the top level message is of struct
+// type.
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::StartStruct(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field) {
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = NULL;
+  if (field) {
+    type = LookupType(field);
+    WriteTag(*field);
+    element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), field, *type,
+                                    ProtoElement::STRUCT));
+  }
+  const google::protobuf::Field* struct_field = BeginNamed("fields", false);
+
+  if (!struct_field) {
+    // It is a programmatic error if this happens. Log an error.
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid internal state. Cannot find 'fields' within "
+               << (field ? field->type_url() : "google.protobuf.Struct");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  type = LookupType(struct_field);
+  element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), struct_field, *type,
+                                  ProtoElement::STRUCT_MAP));
+}
+
+// Starts a "struct_value" within struct.proto's google.protobuf.Value type.
+// 'field' should be of the type google.protobuf.Value.
+// Returns the field identifying "struct_value" within the given field.
+//
+// If field is NULL, then we are starting struct_value at the top-level, in
+// this case skip writing any tag information for the passed field.
+const google::protobuf::Field*
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::StartStructValueInStruct(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field) {
+  if (field) {
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type = LookupType(field);
+    WriteTag(*field);
+    element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), field, *type,
+                                    ProtoElement::STRUCT_VALUE));
+  }
+  return BeginNamed("struct_value", false);
+}
+
+// Starts a "list_value" within struct.proto's google.protobuf.Value type.
+// 'field' should be of the type google.protobuf.Value.
+// Returns the field identifying "list_value" within the given field.
+//
+// If field is NULL, then we are starting list_value at the top-level, in
+// this case skip writing any tag information for the passed field.
+const google::protobuf::Field* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::StartListValueInStruct(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field) {
+  if (field) {
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type = LookupType(field);
+    WriteTag(*field);
+    element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), field, *type,
+                                    ProtoElement::STRUCT_VALUE));
+  }
+  const google::protobuf::Field* list_value = BeginNamed("list_value", false);
+
+  if (!list_value) {
+    // It is a programmatic error if this happens. Log an error.
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid internal state. Cannot find 'list_value' within "
+               << (field ? field->type_url() : "google.protobuf.Value");
+    return field;
+  }
+
+  return StartRepeatedValuesInListValue(list_value);
+}
+
+// Starts the repeated "values" field in struct.proto's
+// google.protobuf.ListValue type. 'field' should be of type
+// google.protobuf.ListValue.
+//
+// If field is NULL, then we are starting ListValue at the top-level, in
+// this case skip writing any tag information for the passed field.
+const google::protobuf::Field*
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::StartRepeatedValuesInListValue(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field) {
+  if (field) {
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type = LookupType(field);
+    WriteTag(*field);
+    element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), field, *type,
+                                    ProtoElement::STRUCT_LIST_VALUE));
+  }
+  return BeginNamed("values", true);
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::SkipElements() {
+  if (element_ == NULL) return;
+
+  ProtoElement::ElementType element_type = element_->element_type();
+  while (element_type == ProtoElement::STRUCT ||
+         element_type == ProtoElement::STRUCT_LIST_VALUE ||
+         element_type == ProtoElement::STRUCT_VALUE ||
+         element_type == ProtoElement::STRUCT_MAP_ENTRY ||
+         element_type == ProtoElement::MAP_ENTRY) {
+    element_.reset(element_->pop());
+    element_type =
+        element_ != NULL ? element_->element_type() : ProtoElement::MESSAGE;
+  }
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::EndObject() {
+  if (invalid_depth_ > 0) {
+    --invalid_depth_;
+    return this;
+  }
+  if (element_ != NULL && element_->IsAny()) {
+    if (element_->any()->EndObject()) {
+      return this;
+    }
+  }
+  if (element_ != NULL) {
+    element_.reset(element_->pop());
+  }
+
+  // Skip sentinel elements added to keep track of new proto3 types - map,
+  // struct.
+  SkipElements();
+
+  // If ending the root element,
+  // then serialize the full message with calculated sizes.
+  if (element_ == NULL) {
+    WriteRootMessage();
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::StartList(StringPiece name) {
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = NULL;
+  // Since we cannot have a top-level repeated item in protobuf, the only way
+  // element_ can be null when here is when we start a top-level list
+  // google.protobuf.ListValue.
+  if (element_ == NULL) {
+    if (!name.empty()) {
+      InvalidName(name, "Root element should not be named.");
+    }
+    element_.reset(new ProtoElement(typeinfo_, master_type_, this));
+
+    // If master type is a special type that needs extra values to be written to
+    // stream, we write those values.
+    if (master_type_.name() == kStructValueType) {
+      // We got a StartList with google.protobuf.Value master type. This means
+      // we have to start the "list_value" within google.protobuf.Value.
+      field = StartListValueInStruct(NULL);
+    } else if (master_type_.name() == kStructListValueType) {
+      // We got a StartList with google.protobuf.ListValue master type. This
+      // means we have to start the "values" within google.protobuf.ListValue.
+      field = StartRepeatedValuesInListValue(NULL);
+    }
+
+    // field is NULL when master_type_ is anything other than
+    // google.protobuf.Value or google.protobuf.ListValue.
+    if (field) {
+      const google::protobuf::Type* type = LookupType(field);
+      element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), field, *type,
+                                      ProtoElement::STRUCT_LIST));
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (element_->IsAny()) {
+    element_->any()->StartList(name);
+    return this;
+  }
+  // The type of element we push to stack.
+  ProtoElement::ElementType element_type = ProtoElement::LIST;
+
+  // Check if we need to start a map. This can heppen when there is either a map
+  // or a struct type within a list.
+  if (element_->IsMap() || element_->IsStructMap()) {
+    field = StartMapEntry(name);
+    if (field == NULL) return this;
+
+    if (element_->IsStructMapEntry()) {
+      // If the top element is a map entry, this means we are starting a list
+      // within a struct or a map.
+      // An example sequence of calls would be
+      //    StartObject -> StartList
+      field = StartListValueInStruct(field);
+      if (field == NULL) return this;
+    }
+
+    element_type = ProtoElement::STRUCT_LIST;
+  } else if (element_->IsStructList()) {
+    // If the top element is a STRUCT_LIST, this means we are starting a list
+    // within the current list (inside a struct).
+    // An example call sequence would be
+    //    StartObject -> StartList -> StartList
+    // with StartObject starting a struct.
+
+    // Lookup the last list type in element stack as we are adding an element of
+    // the same type.
+    field = Lookup(name);
+    if (field == NULL) return this;
+
+    field = StartListValueInStruct(field);
+    if (field == NULL) return this;
+
+    element_type = ProtoElement::STRUCT_LIST;
+  } else {
+    // Lookup field corresponding to 'name'. If it is a google.protobuf.Value
+    // or google.protobuf.ListValue type, then StartList is a valid call, start
+    // this list.
+    // We cannot use Lookup() here as it will produce InvalidName() error if the
+    // field is not found. We do not want to error here as it would cause us to
+    // report errors twice, once here and again later in BeginNamed() call.
+    // Also we ignore if the field is not found here as it is caught later.
+    field = typeinfo_->FindField(&element_->type(), name);
+
+    // It is an error to try to bind to map, which behind the scenes is a list.
+    if (field && IsMap(*field)) {
+      // Push field to stack for error location tracking & reporting.
+      element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), field,
+                                      *LookupType(field),
+                                      ProtoElement::MESSAGE));
+      InvalidValue("Map", "Cannot bind a list to map.");
+      ++invalid_depth_;
+      element_->pop();
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    if (field && field->type_url() == GetFullTypeWithUrl(kStructValueType)) {
+      // There are 2 cases possible:
+      //   a. g.p.Value is repeated
+      //   b. g.p.Value is not repeated
+      //
+      // For case (a), the StartList should bind to the repeated g.p.Value.
+      // For case (b), the StartList should bind to g.p.ListValue within the
+      // g.p.Value.
+      //
+      // This means, for case (a), we treat it just like any other repeated
+      // message, except we would apply an appropriate element_type so future
+      // Start or Render calls are routed appropriately.
+      if (field->cardinality() !=
+          google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED) {
+        field = StartListValueInStruct(field);
+      }
+      element_type = ProtoElement::STRUCT_LIST;
+    } else if (field &&
+               field->type_url() == GetFullTypeWithUrl(kStructListValueType)) {
+      // We got a StartList with google.protobuf.ListValue master type. This
+      // means we have to start the "values" within google.protobuf.ListValue.
+      field = StartRepeatedValuesInListValue(field);
+    } else {
+      // If no special types are to be bound, fall back to normal processing of
+      // StartList.
+      field = BeginNamed(name, true);
+    }
+    if (field == NULL) return this;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = LookupType(field);
+  if (type == NULL) {
+    ++invalid_depth_;
+    InvalidName(name,
+                StrCat("Missing descriptor for field: ", field->type_url()));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  element_.reset(
+      new ProtoElement(element_.release(), field, *type, element_type));
+  return this;
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::EndList() {
+  if (invalid_depth_ > 0) {
+    --invalid_depth_;
+  } else if (element_ != NULL) {
+    if (element_->IsAny()) {
+      element_->any()->EndList();
+    } else {
+      element_.reset(element_->pop());
+      // Skip sentinel elements added to keep track of new proto3 types - map,
+      // struct.
+      SkipElements();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // When element_ is NULL, we have reached the root message type. Write out
+  // the bytes.
+  if (element_ == NULL) {
+    WriteRootMessage();
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderStructValue(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                                  const DataPiece& data) {
+  string struct_field_name;
+  switch (data.type()) {
+    // Our JSON parser parses numbers as either int64, uint64, or double.
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_INT64:
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      struct_field_name = "number_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_STRING: {
+      struct_field_name = "string_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_BOOL: {
+      struct_field_name = "bool_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_NULL: {
+      struct_field_name = "null_value";
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                    "Invalid struct data type. Only number, string, boolean or "
+                    "null values are supported.");
+    }
+  }
+  ow->RenderDataPiece(struct_field_name, data);
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderTimestamp(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                                const DataPiece& data) {
+  if (data.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
+    return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                  StrCat("Invalid data type for timestamp, value is ",
+                         data.ValueAsStringOrDefault("")));
+  }
+
+  StringPiece value(data.str());
+
+  int64 seconds;
+  int32 nanos;
+  if (!::google::protobuf::internal::ParseTime(value.ToString(), &seconds,
+                                               &nanos)) {
+    return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT, StrCat("Invalid time format: ", value));
+  }
+
+
+  ow->RenderDataPiece("seconds", DataPiece(seconds));
+  ow->RenderDataPiece("nanos", DataPiece(nanos));
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+static inline util::Status RenderOneFieldPath(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                                StringPiece path) {
+  ow->RenderDataPiece("paths",
+                      DataPiece(ConvertFieldMaskPath(path, &ToSnakeCase)));
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderFieldMask(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                                const DataPiece& data) {
+  if (data.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
+    return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                  StrCat("Invalid data type for field mask, value is ",
+                         data.ValueAsStringOrDefault("")));
+  }
+
+  // TODO(tsun): figure out how to do proto descriptor based snake case
+  // conversions as much as possible. Because ToSnakeCase sometimes returns the
+  // wrong value.
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<ResultCallback1<util::Status, StringPiece> > callback(
+      NewPermanentCallback(&RenderOneFieldPath, ow));
+  return DecodeCompactFieldMaskPaths(data.str(), callback.get());
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderDuration(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                               const DataPiece& data) {
+  if (data.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
+    return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                  StrCat("Invalid data type for duration, value is ",
+                         data.ValueAsStringOrDefault("")));
+  }
+
+  StringPiece value(data.str());
+
+  if (!value.ends_with("s")) {
+    return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                  "Illegal duration format; duration must end with 's'");
+  }
+  value = value.substr(0, value.size() - 1);
+  int sign = 1;
+  if (value.starts_with("-")) {
+    sign = -1;
+    value = value.substr(1);
+  }
+
+  StringPiece s_secs, s_nanos;
+  SplitSecondsAndNanos(value, &s_secs, &s_nanos);
+  uint64 unsigned_seconds;
+  if (!safe_strtou64(s_secs, &unsigned_seconds)) {
+    return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                  "Invalid duration format, failed to parse seconds");
+  }
+
+  double d_nanos = 0;
+  if (!safe_strtod("0." + s_nanos.ToString(), &d_nanos)) {
+    return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                  "Invalid duration format, failed to parse nanos seconds");
+  }
+
+  int32 nanos = sign * static_cast<int32>(d_nanos * kNanosPerSecond);
+  int64 seconds = sign * unsigned_seconds;
+
+  if (seconds > kMaxSeconds || seconds < kMinSeconds ||
+      nanos <= -kNanosPerSecond || nanos >= kNanosPerSecond) {
+    return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Duration value exceeds limits");
+  }
+
+  ow->RenderDataPiece("seconds", DataPiece(seconds));
+  ow->RenderDataPiece("nanos", DataPiece(nanos));
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                                  const DataPiece& data) {
+  ow->RenderDataPiece("value", data);
+  return Status::OK;
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderDataPiece(
+    StringPiece name, const DataPiece& data) {
+  Status status;
+  if (invalid_depth_ > 0) return this;
+  if (element_ != NULL && element_->IsAny()) {
+    element_->any()->RenderDataPiece(name, data);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = NULL;
+  string type_url;
+  bool is_map_entry = false;
+  if (element_ == NULL) {
+    type_url = GetFullTypeWithUrl(master_type_.name());
+  } else {
+    if (element_->IsMap() || element_->IsStructMap()) {
+      is_map_entry = true;
+      field = StartMapEntry(name);
+    } else {
+      field = Lookup(name);
+    }
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    type_url = field->type_url();
+  }
+
+  // Check if there are any well known type renderers available for type_url.
+  const TypeRenderer* type_renderer = FindTypeRenderer(type_url);
+  if (type_renderer != NULL) {
+    // Push the current element to stack so lookups in type_renderer will
+    // find the fields. We do an EndObject soon after, which pops this. This is
+    // safe because all well-known types are messages.
+    if (element_ == NULL) {
+      element_.reset(new ProtoElement(typeinfo_, master_type_, this));
+    } else {
+      if (field) {
+        WriteTag(*field);
+        const google::protobuf::Type* type = LookupType(field);
+        element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), field, *type,
+                                        ProtoElement::MESSAGE));
+      }
+    }
+    status = (*type_renderer)(this, data);
+    if (!status.ok()) {
+      InvalidValue(type_url,
+                   StrCat("Field '", name, "', ", status.error_message()));
+    }
+    EndObject();
+    return this;
+  } else if (element_ == NULL) {  // no message type found at root
+    element_.reset(new ProtoElement(typeinfo_, master_type_, this));
+    InvalidName(name, "Root element must be a message.");
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    return this;
+  }
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = LookupType(field);
+  if (type == NULL) {
+    InvalidName(name,
+                StrCat("Missing descriptor for field: ", field->type_url()));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // Whether we should pop at the end. Set to true if the data field is a
+  // message type, which can happen in case of struct values.
+  bool should_pop = false;
+
+  RenderSimpleDataPiece(*field, *type, data);
+
+  if (should_pop && element_ != NULL) {
+    element_.reset(element_->pop());
+  }
+
+  if (is_map_entry) {
+    // Ending map is the same as ending an object.
+    EndObject();
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderSimpleDataPiece(
+    const google::protobuf::Field& field, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+    const DataPiece& data) {
+  // If we are rendering explicit null values and the backend proto field is not
+  // of the google.protobuf.NullType type, we do nothing.
+  if (data.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_NULL &&
+      field.type_url() != kStructNullValueTypeUrl) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Pushing a ProtoElement and then pop it off at the end for 2 purposes:
+  // error location reporting and required field accounting.
+  element_.reset(new ProtoElement(element_.release(), &field, type,
+                                  ProtoElement::MESSAGE));
+
+  // Make sure that field represents a simple data type.
+  if (field.kind() == google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_UNKNOWN ||
+      field.kind() == google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    InvalidValue(field.type_url().empty()
+                     ? google::protobuf::Field_Kind_Name(field.kind())
+                     : field.type_url(),
+                 data.ValueAsStringOrDefault(""));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Status status;
+  switch (field.kind()) {
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_INT32: {
+      status = WriteInt32(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED32: {
+      status = WriteSFixed32(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT32: {
+      status = WriteSInt32(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED32: {
+      status = WriteFixed32(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT32: {
+      status = WriteUInt32(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_INT64: {
+      status = WriteInt64(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SFIXED64: {
+      status = WriteSFixed64(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_SINT64: {
+      status = WriteSInt64(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_FIXED64: {
+      status = WriteFixed64(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_UINT64: {
+      status = WriteUInt64(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      status = WriteDouble(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_FLOAT: {
+      status = WriteFloat(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_BOOL: {
+      status = WriteBool(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_BYTES: {
+      status = WriteBytes(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_STRING: {
+      status = WriteString(field.number(), data, stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_ENUM: {
+      status = WriteEnum(field.number(), data,
+                         typeinfo_->GetEnum(field.type_url()), stream_.get());
+      break;
+    }
+    default:  // TYPE_GROUP or TYPE_MESSAGE
+      status = Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT, data.ToString().ValueOrDie());
+  }
+  if (!status.ok()) {
+    InvalidValue(google::protobuf::Field_Kind_Name(field.kind()),
+                 status.error_message());
+  }
+  element_.reset(element_->pop());
+}
+
+// Map of functions that are responsible for rendering well known type
+// represented by the key.
+hash_map<string, ProtoStreamObjectWriter::TypeRenderer>*
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::CreateRendererMap() {
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<hash_map<string, ProtoStreamObjectWriter::TypeRenderer> >
+      result(new hash_map<string, ProtoStreamObjectWriter::TypeRenderer>());
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderTimestamp;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderDuration;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderFieldMask;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Double"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Float"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int64"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.UInt64"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.UInt32"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Bool"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.String"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Bytes"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.DoubleValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FloatValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int64Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.UInt64Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.UInt32Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.BoolValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.StringValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.BytesValue"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType;
+  (*result)["type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value"] =
+      &ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderStructValue;
+  return result.release();
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::TypeRenderer*
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::FindTypeRenderer(const string& type_url) {
+  static hash_map<string, TypeRenderer>* renderers = CreateRendererMap();
+  return FindOrNull(*renderers, type_url);
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoElement::ElementType
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::GetElementType(const google::protobuf::Type& type) {
+  if (type.name() == kAnyType) {
+    return ProtoElement::ANY;
+  } else if (type.name() == kStructType) {
+    return ProtoElement::STRUCT;
+  } else if (type.name() == kStructValueType) {
+    return ProtoElement::STRUCT_VALUE;
+  } else if (type.name() == kStructListValueType) {
+    return ProtoElement::STRUCT_LIST_VALUE;
+  } else {
+    return ProtoElement::MESSAGE;
+  }
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Field* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::BeginNamed(
+    StringPiece name, bool is_list) {
+  if (invalid_depth_ > 0) {
+    ++invalid_depth_;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = Lookup(name);
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    ++invalid_depth_;
+    // InvalidName() already called in Lookup().
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (is_list &&
+      field->cardinality() !=
+          google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED) {
+    ++invalid_depth_;
+    InvalidName(name, "Proto field is not repeating, cannot start list.");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  return field;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Field* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Lookup(
+    StringPiece unnormalized_name) {
+  ProtoElement* e = element();
+  if (e == NULL) {
+    InvalidName(unnormalized_name, "Root element must be a message.");
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  if (unnormalized_name.empty()) {
+    // Objects in repeated field inherit the same field descriptor.
+    if (e->field() == NULL) {
+      InvalidName(unnormalized_name, "Proto fields must have a name.");
+    } else if (e->field()->cardinality() !=
+               google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED) {
+      InvalidName(unnormalized_name, "Proto fields must have a name.");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    return e->field();
+  }
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field =
+      typeinfo_->FindField(&e->type(), unnormalized_name);
+  if (field == NULL) InvalidName(unnormalized_name, "Cannot find field.");
+  return field;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Type* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::LookupType(
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field) {
+  return (field->kind() == google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE
+              ? typeinfo_->GetType(field->type_url())
+              : &element_->type());
+}
+
+// Looks up the oneof struct field based on the data type.
+StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Field*>
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter::LookupStructField(DataPiece::Type type) {
+  const google::protobuf::Field* field = NULL;
+  switch (type) {
+    // Our JSON parser parses numbers as either int64, uint64, or double.
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_INT64:
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_UINT64:
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+      field = Lookup("number_value");
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_STRING: {
+      field = Lookup("string_value");
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_BOOL: {
+      field = Lookup("bool_value");
+      break;
+    }
+    case DataPiece::TYPE_NULL: {
+      field = Lookup("null_value");
+      break;
+    }
+    default: { return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Invalid struct data type"); }
+  }
+  if (field == NULL) {
+    return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Could not lookup struct field");
+  }
+  return field;
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::WriteRootMessage() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(!done_);
+  int curr_pos = 0;
+  // Calls the destructor of CodedOutputStream to remove any uninitialized
+  // memory from the Cord before we read it.
+  stream_.reset(NULL);
+  const void* data;
+  int length;
+  google::protobuf::io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(buffer_.data(), buffer_.size());
+  while (input_stream.Next(&data, &length)) {
+    if (length == 0) continue;
+    int num_bytes = length;
+    // Write up to where we need to insert the size field.
+    // The number of bytes we may write is the smaller of:
+    //   - the current fragment size
+    //   - the distance to the next position where a size field needs to be
+    //     inserted.
+    if (!size_insert_.empty() &&
+        size_insert_.front().pos - curr_pos < num_bytes) {
+      num_bytes = size_insert_.front().pos - curr_pos;
+    }
+    output_->Append(static_cast<const char*>(data), num_bytes);
+    if (num_bytes < length) {
+      input_stream.BackUp(length - num_bytes);
+    }
+    curr_pos += num_bytes;
+    // Insert the size field.
+    //   size_insert_.front():      the next <index, size> pair to be written.
+    //   size_insert_.front().pos:  position of the size field.
+    //   size_insert_.front().size: the size (integer) to be inserted.
+    if (!size_insert_.empty() && curr_pos == size_insert_.front().pos) {
+      // Varint32 occupies at most 10 bytes.
+      uint8 insert_buffer[10];
+      uint8* insert_buffer_pos = CodedOutputStream::WriteVarint32ToArray(
+          size_insert_.front().size, insert_buffer);
+      output_->Append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(insert_buffer),
+                      insert_buffer_pos - insert_buffer);
+      size_insert_.pop_front();
+    }
+  }
+  output_->Flush();
+  stream_.reset(new CodedOutputStream(&adapter_));
+  done_ = true;
+}
+
+bool ProtoStreamObjectWriter::IsMap(const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  if (field.type_url().empty() ||
+      field.kind() != google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_MESSAGE ||
+      field.cardinality() !=
+          google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const google::protobuf::Type* field_type =
+      typeinfo_->GetType(field.type_url());
+
+  return GetBoolOptionOrDefault(field_type->options(),
+                                "google.protobuf.MessageOptions.map_entry", false);
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::WriteTag(const google::protobuf::Field& field) {
+  WireFormatLite::WireType wire_type = WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(
+      static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(field.kind()));
+  stream_->WriteTag(WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field.number(), wire_type));
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb4a59f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTOSTREAM_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTOSTREAM_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/structured_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+class CodedOutputStream;
+}  // namespace io
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+
+namespace protobuf {
+class Type;
+class Field;
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class ObjectLocationTracker;
+
+// An ObjectWriter that can write protobuf bytes directly from writer events.
+//
+// It also supports streaming.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoStreamObjectWriter : public StructuredObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  // Constructor. Does not take ownership of any parameter passed in.
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter(TypeResolver* type_resolver,
+                          const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                          strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener);
+  virtual ~ProtoStreamObjectWriter();
+
+  // ObjectWriter methods.
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* StartObject(StringPiece name);
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* EndObject();
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* StartList(StringPiece name);
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* EndList();
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* RenderBool(StringPiece name,
+                                              bool value) {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* RenderInt32(StringPiece name,
+                                               int32 value) {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* RenderUint32(StringPiece name,
+                                                uint32 value) {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* RenderInt64(StringPiece name,
+                                               int64 value) {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* RenderUint64(StringPiece name,
+                                                uint64 value) {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* RenderDouble(StringPiece name,
+                                                double value) {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* RenderFloat(StringPiece name,
+                                               float value) {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* RenderString(StringPiece name,
+                                                StringPiece value) {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value));
+  }
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* RenderBytes(StringPiece name,
+                                               StringPiece value) {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece(value, false));
+  }
+  virtual ProtoStreamObjectWriter* RenderNull(StringPiece name) {
+    return RenderDataPiece(name, DataPiece::NullData());
+  }
+
+  // Renders a DataPiece 'value' into a field whose wire type is determined
+  // from the given field 'name'.
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter* RenderDataPiece(StringPiece name,
+                                           const DataPiece& value);
+
+  // Returns the location tracker to use for tracking locations for errors.
+  const LocationTrackerInterface& location() {
+    return element_ != NULL ? *element_ : *tracker_;
+  }
+
+  // When true, we finished writing to output a complete message.
+  bool done() const { return done_; }
+
+ private:
+  // Function that renders a well known type with modified behavior.
+  typedef util::Status (*TypeRenderer)(ProtoStreamObjectWriter*,
+                                         const DataPiece&);
+
+  // Handles writing Anys out using nested object writers and the like.
+  class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT AnyWriter {
+   public:
+    explicit AnyWriter(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* parent);
+    ~AnyWriter();
+
+    // Passes a StartObject call through to the Any writer.
+    void StartObject(StringPiece name);
+
+    // Passes an EndObject call through to the Any. Returns true if the any
+    // handled the EndObject call, false if the Any is now all done and is no
+    // longer needed.
+    bool EndObject();
+
+    // Passes a StartList call through to the Any writer.
+    void StartList(StringPiece name);
+
+    // Passes an EndList call through to the Any writer.
+    void EndList();
+
+    // Renders a data piece on the any.
+    void RenderDataPiece(StringPiece name, const DataPiece& value);
+
+   private:
+    // Handles starting up the any once we have a type.
+    void StartAny(const DataPiece& value);
+
+    // Writes the Any out to the parent writer in its serialized form.
+    void WriteAny();
+
+    // The parent of this writer, needed for various bits such as type info and
+    // the listeners.
+    ProtoStreamObjectWriter* parent_;
+
+    // The nested object writer, used to write events.
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<ProtoStreamObjectWriter> ow_;
+
+    // The type_url_ that this Any represents.
+    string type_url_;
+
+    // Whether this any is invalid. This allows us to only report an invalid
+    // Any message a single time rather than every time we get a nested field.
+    bool invalid_;
+
+    // The output data and wrapping ByteSink.
+    string data_;
+    strings::StringByteSink output_;
+
+    // The depth within the Any, so we can track when we're done.
+    int depth_;
+
+    // True if the message type contained in Any has a special "value" message
+    // injected. This is true for well-known message types like Any or Struct.
+    bool has_injected_value_message_;
+  };
+
+  class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoElement : public BaseElement, public LocationTrackerInterface {
+   public:
+    // Indicates the type of element. Special types like LIST, MAP, MAP_ENTRY,
+    // STRUCT etc. are used to deduce other information based on their position
+    // on the stack of elements.
+    enum ElementType {
+      MESSAGE,       // Simple message
+      LIST,          // List/repeated element
+      MAP,           // Proto3 map type
+      MAP_ENTRY,     // Proto3 map message type, with 'key' and 'value' fields
+      ANY,           // Proto3 Any type
+      STRUCT,        // Proto3 struct type
+      STRUCT_VALUE,  // Struct's Value message type
+      STRUCT_LIST,   // List type indicator within a struct
+      STRUCT_LIST_VALUE,  // Struct Value's ListValue message type
+      STRUCT_MAP,         // Struct within a struct type
+      STRUCT_MAP_ENTRY    // Struct map's entry type with 'key' and 'value'
+                          // fields
+    };
+
+    // Constructor for the root element. No parent nor field.
+    ProtoElement(TypeInfo* typeinfo, const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                 ProtoStreamObjectWriter* enclosing);
+
+    // Constructor for a field of an element.
+    ProtoElement(ProtoElement* parent, const google::protobuf::Field* field,
+                 const google::protobuf::Type& type, ElementType element_type);
+
+    virtual ~ProtoElement() {}
+
+    // Called just before the destructor for clean up:
+    //   - reports any missing required fields
+    //   - computes the space needed by the size field, and augment the
+    //     length of all parent messages by this additional space.
+    //   - releases and returns the parent pointer.
+    ProtoElement* pop();
+
+    // Accessors
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field() const { return field_; }
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type() const { return type_; }
+
+    // These functions return true if the element type is corresponding to the
+    // type in function name.
+    bool IsMap() { return element_type_ == MAP; }
+    bool IsStructMap() { return element_type_ == STRUCT_MAP; }
+    bool IsStructMapEntry() { return element_type_ == STRUCT_MAP_ENTRY; }
+    bool IsStructList() { return element_type_ == STRUCT_LIST; }
+    bool IsAny() { return element_type_ == ANY; }
+
+    ElementType element_type() { return element_type_; }
+
+    void RegisterField(const google::protobuf::Field* field);
+    virtual string ToString() const;
+
+    AnyWriter* any() const { return any_.get(); }
+
+    virtual ProtoElement* parent() const {
+      return static_cast<ProtoElement*>(BaseElement::parent());
+    }
+
+   private:
+    // Used for access to variables of the enclosing instance of
+    // ProtoStreamObjectWriter.
+    ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow_;
+
+    // A writer for Any objects, handles all Any-related nonsense.
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<AnyWriter> any_;
+
+    // Describes the element as a field in the parent message.
+    // field_ is NULL if and only if this element is the root element.
+    const google::protobuf::Field* field_;
+
+    // TypeInfo to lookup types.
+    TypeInfo* typeinfo_;
+
+    // Additional variables if this element is a message:
+    // (Root element is always a message).
+    // descriptor_     : describes allowed fields in the message.
+    // required_fields_: set of required fields.
+    // is_repeated_type_ : true if the element is of type list or map.
+    // size_index_     : index into ProtoStreamObjectWriter::size_insert_
+    //                   for later insertion of serialized message length.
+    const google::protobuf::Type& type_;
+    std::set<const google::protobuf::Field*> required_fields_;
+    const bool is_repeated_type_;
+    const int size_index_;
+
+    // Tracks position in repeated fields, needed for LocationTrackerInterface.
+    int array_index_;
+
+    // The type of this element, see enum for permissible types.
+    ElementType element_type_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(ProtoElement);
+  };
+
+  // Container for inserting 'size' information at the 'pos' position.
+  struct SizeInfo {
+    const int pos;
+    int size;
+  };
+
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter(TypeInfo* typeinfo,
+                          const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                          strings::ByteSink* output, ErrorListener* listener);
+
+  ProtoElement* element() { return element_.get(); }
+
+  // Helper methods for calling ErrorListener. See error_listener.h.
+  void InvalidName(StringPiece unknown_name, StringPiece message);
+  void InvalidValue(StringPiece type_name, StringPiece value);
+  void MissingField(StringPiece missing_name);
+
+  // Common code for BeginObject() and BeginList() that does invalid_depth_
+  // bookkeeping associated with name lookup.
+  const google::protobuf::Field* BeginNamed(StringPiece name, bool is_list);
+
+  // Lookup the field in the current element. Looks in the base descriptor
+  // and in any extension. This will report an error if the field cannot be
+  // found or if multiple matching extensions are found.
+  const google::protobuf::Field* Lookup(StringPiece name);
+
+  // Lookup the field type in the type descriptor. Returns NULL if the type
+  // is not known.
+  const google::protobuf::Type* LookupType(
+      const google::protobuf::Field* field);
+
+  // Looks up the oneof struct Value field depending on the type.
+  // On failure to find, it returns an appropriate error.
+  util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Field*> LookupStructField(
+      DataPiece::Type type);
+
+  // Starts an entry in map. This will be called after placing map element at
+  // the top of the stack. Uses this information to write map entries.
+  const google::protobuf::Field* StartMapEntry(StringPiece name);
+
+  // Starts a google.protobuf.Struct.
+  // 'field' is of type google.protobuf.Struct.
+  // If field is NULL, it indicates that the top-level message is a struct
+  // type.
+  void StartStruct(const google::protobuf::Field* field);
+
+  // Starts another struct within a struct.
+  // 'field' is of type google.protobuf.Value (see struct.proto).
+  const google::protobuf::Field* StartStructValueInStruct(
+      const google::protobuf::Field* field);
+
+  // Starts a list within a struct.
+  // 'field' is of type google.protobuf.ListValue (see struct.proto).
+  const google::protobuf::Field* StartListValueInStruct(
+      const google::protobuf::Field* field);
+
+  // Starts the repeated "values" field in struct.proto's
+  // google.protobuf.ListValue type. 'field' should be of type
+  // google.protobuf.ListValue.
+  const google::protobuf::Field* StartRepeatedValuesInListValue(
+      const google::protobuf::Field* field);
+
+  // Pops sentinel elements off the stack.
+  void SkipElements();
+
+  // Write serialized output to the final output ByteSink, inserting all
+  // the size information for nested messages that are missing from the
+  // intermediate Cord buffer.
+  void WriteRootMessage();
+
+  // Returns true if the field is a map.
+  bool IsMap(const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+  // Returns true if the field is an any.
+  bool IsAny(const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+  // Helper method to write proto tags based on the given field.
+  void WriteTag(const google::protobuf::Field& field);
+
+  // Helper function to render primitive data types in DataPiece.
+  void RenderSimpleDataPiece(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+                             const google::protobuf::Type& type,
+                             const DataPiece& data);
+
+  // Renders google.protobuf.Value in struct.proto. It picks the right oneof
+  // type based on value's type.
+  static util::Status RenderStructValue(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                          const DataPiece& value);
+
+  // Renders google.protobuf.Timestamp value.
+  static util::Status RenderTimestamp(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                        const DataPiece& value);
+
+  // Renders google.protobuf.FieldMask value.
+  static util::Status RenderFieldMask(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                        const DataPiece& value);
+
+  // Renders google.protobuf.Duration value.
+  static util::Status RenderDuration(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                       const DataPiece& value);
+
+  // Renders wrapper message types for primitive types in
+  // google/protobuf/wrappers.proto.
+  static util::Status RenderWrapperType(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
+                                          const DataPiece& value);
+
+  // Helper functions to create the map and find functions responsible for
+  // rendering well known types, keyed by type URL.
+  static hash_map<string, TypeRenderer>* CreateRendererMap();
+  static TypeRenderer* FindTypeRenderer(const string& type_url);
+
+  // Returns the ProtoElement::ElementType for the given Type.
+  static ProtoElement::ElementType GetElementType(
+      const google::protobuf::Type& type);
+
+  // Variables for describing the structure of the input tree:
+  // master_type_: descriptor for the whole protobuf message.
+  // typeinfo_ : the TypeInfo object to lookup types.
+  const google::protobuf::Type& master_type_;
+  TypeInfo* typeinfo_;
+  // Whether we own the typeinfo_ object.
+  bool own_typeinfo_;
+
+  // Indicates whether we finished writing root message completely.
+  bool done_;
+
+  // Variable for internal state processing:
+  // element_    : the current element.
+  // size_insert_: sizes of nested messages.
+  //               pos  - position to insert the size field.
+  //               size - size value to be inserted.
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<ProtoElement> element_;
+  std::deque<SizeInfo> size_insert_;
+
+  // Variables for output generation:
+  // output_  : pointer to an external ByteSink for final user-visible output.
+  // buffer_  : buffer holding partial message before being ready for output_.
+  // adapter_ : internal adapter between CodedOutputStream and Cord buffer_.
+  // stream_  : wrapper for writing tags and other encodings in wire format.
+  strings::ByteSink* output_;
+  string buffer_;
+  google::protobuf::io::StringOutputStream adapter_;
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream> stream_;
+
+  // Variables for error tracking and reporting:
+  // listener_     : a place to report any errors found.
+  // invalid_depth_: number of enclosing invalid nested messages.
+  // tracker_      : the root location tracker interface.
+  ErrorListener* listener_;
+  int invalid_depth_;
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<LocationTrackerInterface> tracker_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(ProtoStreamObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_PROTOSTREAM_OBJECTWRITER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bd4f29f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1513 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h>
+
+#include <stddef.h>  // For size_t
+
+#include <google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/mock_error_listener.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.pb.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+using google::protobuf::testing::Author;
+using google::protobuf::testing::Book;
+using google::protobuf::testing::Book_Data;
+using google::protobuf::testing::Primitive;
+using google::protobuf::testing::Publisher;
+using google::protobuf::Descriptor;
+using google::protobuf::DescriptorPool;
+using google::protobuf::DynamicMessageFactory;
+using google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto;
+using google::protobuf::Message;
+using google::protobuf::io::ArrayInputStream;
+using strings::GrowingArrayByteSink;
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::Args;
+using google::protobuf::testing::anys::AnyM;
+using google::protobuf::testing::anys::AnyOut;
+using google::protobuf::testing::FieldMaskTest;
+using google::protobuf::testing::maps::MapIn;
+using google::protobuf::testing::structs::StructType;
+using google::protobuf::testing::timestampduration::TimestampDuration;
+
+
+namespace {
+string GetTypeUrl(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  return string(kTypeServiceBaseUrl) + "/" + descriptor->full_name();
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+class BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest
+    : public ::testing::TestWithParam<testing::TypeInfoSource> {
+ protected:
+  BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest()
+      : helper_(GetParam()),
+        listener_(),
+        output_(new GrowingArrayByteSink(1000)),
+        ow_() {}
+
+  explicit BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest(const Descriptor* descriptor)
+      : helper_(GetParam()),
+        listener_(),
+        output_(new GrowingArrayByteSink(1000)),
+        ow_() {
+    vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(descriptor);
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+
+  explicit BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest(
+      vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors)
+      : helper_(GetParam()),
+        listener_(),
+        output_(new GrowingArrayByteSink(1000)),
+        ow_() {
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+
+  void ResetTypeInfo(vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(!descriptors.empty()) << "Must have at least one descriptor!";
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+    ow_.reset(helper_.NewProtoWriter(GetTypeUrl(descriptors[0]), output_.get(),
+                                     &listener_));
+  }
+
+  virtual ~BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest() {}
+
+  void CheckOutput(const Message& expected, int expected_length) {
+    size_t nbytes;
+    google::protobuf::scoped_array<char> buffer(output_->GetBuffer(&nbytes));
+    if (expected_length >= 0) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(expected_length, nbytes);
+    }
+    string str(buffer.get(), nbytes);
+
+    std::stringbuf str_buf(str, std::ios_base::in);
+    std::istream istream(&str_buf);
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Message> message(expected.New());
+    message->ParsePartialFromIstream(&istream);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected.DebugString(), message->DebugString());
+  }
+
+  void CheckOutput(const Message& expected) { CheckOutput(expected, -1); }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Type* GetType(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    return helper_.GetTypeInfo()->GetType(GetTypeUrl(descriptor));
+  }
+
+  testing::TypeInfoTestHelper helper_;
+  MockErrorListener listener_;
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<GrowingArrayByteSink> output_;
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<ProtoStreamObjectWriter> ow_;
+};
+
+MATCHER_P(HasObjectLocation, expected,
+          "Verifies the expected object location") {
+  string actual = std::tr1::get<0>(arg).ToString();
+  if (actual.compare(expected) == 0) return true;
+  *result_listener << "actual location is: " << actual;
+  return false;
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest()
+      : BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest(Book::descriptor()) {}
+
+  virtual ~ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest() {}
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                        ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest,
+                        ::testing::Values(
+                            testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, EmptyObject) {
+  Book empty;
+  ow_->StartObject("")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, SimpleObject) {
+  string content("My content");
+
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("My Title");
+  book.set_length(222);
+  book.set_content(content);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "My Title")
+      ->RenderInt32("length", 222)
+      ->RenderBytes("content", content)
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, SimpleMessage) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_length(102);
+  Publisher* publisher = book.mutable_publisher();
+  publisher->set_name("My Publisher");
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_alive(true);
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+  robert->add_pseudonym("bob");
+  robert->add_pseudonym("bobby");
+  robert->add_friend_()->set_name("john");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderInt32("length", 102)
+      ->StartObject("publisher")
+      ->RenderString("name", "My Publisher")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderBool("alive", true)
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->StartList("pseudonym")
+      ->RenderString("", "bob")
+      ->RenderString("", "bobby")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("friend")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "john")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, PrimitiveFromStringConversion) {
+  Primitive full;
+  full.set_fix32(101);
+  full.set_u32(102);
+  full.set_i32(-103);
+  full.set_sf32(-104);
+  full.set_s32(-105);
+  full.set_fix64(40000000001L);
+  full.set_u64(40000000002L);
+  full.set_i64(-40000000003L);
+  full.set_sf64(-40000000004L);
+  full.set_s64(-40000000005L);
+  full.set_str("string1");
+  full.set_bytes("Some Bytes");
+  full.set_float_(3.14f);
+  full.set_double_(-4.05L);
+  full.set_bool_(true);
+  full.add_rep_fix32(201);
+  full.add_rep_u32(202);
+  full.add_rep_i32(-203);
+  full.add_rep_sf32(-204);
+  full.add_rep_s32(-205);
+  full.add_rep_fix64(80000000001L);
+  full.add_rep_u64(80000000002L);
+  full.add_rep_i64(-80000000003L);
+  full.add_rep_sf64(-80000000004L);
+  full.add_rep_s64(-80000000005L);
+  full.add_rep_str("string2");
+  full.add_rep_bytes("More Bytes");
+  full.add_rep_float(6.14f);
+  full.add_rep_double(-8.05L);
+  full.add_rep_bool(false);
+
+  ow_.reset(helper_.NewProtoWriter(GetTypeUrl(Primitive::descriptor()),
+                                   output_.get(), &listener_));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("fix32", "101")
+      ->RenderString("u32", "102")
+      ->RenderString("i32", "-103")
+      ->RenderString("sf32", "-104")
+      ->RenderString("s32", "-105")
+      ->RenderString("fix64", "40000000001")
+      ->RenderString("u64", "40000000002")
+      ->RenderString("i64", "-40000000003")
+      ->RenderString("sf64", "-40000000004")
+      ->RenderString("s64", "-40000000005")
+      ->RenderString("str", "string1")
+      ->RenderString("bytes", "U29tZSBCeXRlcw==")  // "Some Bytes"
+      ->RenderString("float", "3.14")
+      ->RenderString("double", "-4.05")
+      ->RenderString("bool", "true")
+      ->StartList("rep_fix32")
+      ->RenderString("", "201")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_u32")
+      ->RenderString("", "202")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_i32")
+      ->RenderString("", "-203")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_sf32")
+      ->RenderString("", "-204")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_s32")
+      ->RenderString("", "-205")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_fix64")
+      ->RenderString("", "80000000001")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_u64")
+      ->RenderString("", "80000000002")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_i64")
+      ->RenderString("", "-80000000003")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_sf64")
+      ->RenderString("", "-80000000004")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_s64")
+      ->RenderString("", "-80000000005")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_str")
+      ->RenderString("", "string2")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_bytes")
+      ->RenderString("", "TW9yZSBCeXRlcw==")  // "More Bytes"
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_float")
+      ->RenderString("", "6.14")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_double")
+      ->RenderString("", "-8.05")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->StartList("rep_bool")
+      ->RenderString("", "false")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(full);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, InfinityInputTest) {
+  Primitive full;
+  full.set_double_(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+  full.set_float_(std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+  full.set_str("-Infinity");
+
+  ow_.reset(helper_.NewProtoWriter(GetTypeUrl(Primitive::descriptor()),
+                                   output_.get(), &listener_));
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_INT32"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"Infinity\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("i32")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_UINT32"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"Infinity\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("u32")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_SFIXED64"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"-Infinity\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("sf64")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_BOOL"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"Infinity\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("bool")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("double", "Infinity")
+      ->RenderString("float", "Infinity")
+      ->RenderString("i32", "Infinity")
+      ->RenderString("u32", "Infinity")
+      ->RenderString("sf64", "-Infinity")
+      ->RenderString("str", "-Infinity")
+      ->RenderString("bool", "Infinity")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(full);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, NaNInputTest) {
+  Primitive full;
+  full.set_double_(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+  full.set_float_(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN());
+  full.set_str("NaN");
+
+  ow_.reset(helper_.NewProtoWriter(GetTypeUrl(Primitive::descriptor()),
+                                   output_.get(), &listener_));
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_INT32"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"NaN\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("i32")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_UINT32"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"NaN\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("u32")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_SFIXED64"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"NaN\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("sf64")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_BOOL"), StringPiece("\"NaN\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("bool")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("double", "NaN")
+      ->RenderString("float", "NaN")
+      ->RenderString("i32", "NaN")
+      ->RenderString("u32", "NaN")
+      ->RenderString("sf64", "NaN")
+      ->RenderString("str", "NaN")
+      ->RenderString("bool", "NaN")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(full);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, ImplicitPrimitiveList) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("The Author");
+  author->add_pseudonym("first");
+  author->add_pseudonym("second");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "The Author")
+      ->RenderString("pseudonym", "first")
+      ->RenderString("pseudonym", "second")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest,
+       LastWriteWinsOnNonRepeatedPrimitiveFieldWithDuplicates) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("second");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "first")
+      ->RenderString("name", "second")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, ExplicitPrimitiveList) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("The Author");
+  author->add_pseudonym("first");
+  author->add_pseudonym("second");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "The Author")
+      ->StartList("pseudonym")
+      ->RenderString("", "first")
+      ->RenderString("", "second")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, NonRepeatedExplicitPrimitiveList) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_allocated_author(new Author());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidName(
+          _, StringPiece("name"),
+          StringPiece("Proto field is not repeating, cannot start list.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("author")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->StartList("name")
+      ->RenderString("", "first")
+      ->RenderString("", "second")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, ImplicitMessageList) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* outer = expected.mutable_author();
+  outer->set_name("outer");
+  outer->set_alive(true);
+  Author* first = outer->add_friend_();
+  first->set_name("first");
+  Author* second = outer->add_friend_();
+  second->set_name("second");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "outer")
+      ->RenderBool("alive", true)
+      ->StartObject("friend")
+      ->RenderString("name", "first")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("friend")
+      ->RenderString("name", "second")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest,
+       LastWriteWinsOnNonRepeatedMessageFieldWithDuplicates) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("The Author");
+  Publisher* publisher = expected.mutable_publisher();
+  publisher->set_name("second");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "The Author")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("publisher")
+      ->RenderString("name", "first")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("publisher")
+      ->RenderString("name", "second")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, ExplicitMessageList) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* outer = expected.mutable_author();
+  outer->set_name("outer");
+  outer->set_alive(true);
+  Author* first = outer->add_friend_();
+  first->set_name("first");
+  Author* second = outer->add_friend_();
+  second->set_name("second");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "outer")
+      ->RenderBool("alive", true)
+      ->StartList("friend")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "first")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "second")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, NonRepeatedExplicitMessageList) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("The Author");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidName(
+          _, StringPiece("publisher"),
+          StringPiece("Proto field is not repeating, cannot start list.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "The Author")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartList("publisher")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "first")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "second")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnknownFieldAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("unknown"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("unknown", "Nope!")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnknownFieldAtAuthorFriend) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* paul = expected.mutable_author();
+  paul->set_name("Paul");
+  Author* mark = paul->add_friend_();
+  mark->set_name("Mark");
+  Author* john = paul->add_friend_();
+  john->set_name("John");
+  Author* luke = paul->add_friend_();
+  luke->set_name("Luke");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("address"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("author.friend[1]")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Paul")
+      ->StartList("friend")
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Mark")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "John")
+      ->RenderString("address", "Patmos")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Luke")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnknownObjectAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("unknown"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->StartObject("unknown")->EndObject()->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnknownObjectAtAuthor) {
+  Book expected;
+  Author* author = expected.mutable_author();
+  author->set_name("William");
+  author->add_pseudonym("Bill");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("wife"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("author")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "William")
+      ->StartObject("wife")
+      ->RenderString("name", "Hilary")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("pseudonym", "Bill")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnknownListAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("unknown"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->StartList("unknown")->EndList()->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnknownListAtPublisher) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("Brainwashing");
+  Publisher* publisher = expected.mutable_publisher();
+  publisher->set_name("propaganda");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, StringPiece("alliance"),
+                                     StringPiece("Cannot find field.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("publisher")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("publisher")
+      ->RenderString("name", "propaganda")
+      ->StartList("alliance")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("title", "Brainwashing")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, MissingRequiredField) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("My Title");
+  expected.set_allocated_publisher(new Publisher());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, MissingField(_, StringPiece("name")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("publisher")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("publisher")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("title", "My Title")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, InvalidFieldValueAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_UINT32"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"garbage\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("length")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("length", "garbage")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, MultipleInvalidFieldValues) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("My Title");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_UINT32"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"-400\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("length")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("TYPE_INT64"),
+                                      StringPiece("\"3.14\"")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("published")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("length", "-400")
+      ->RenderString("published", "3.14")
+      ->RenderString("title", "My Title")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnnamedFieldAtRoot) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece(""),
+                          StringPiece("Proto fields must have a name.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderFloat("", 3.14)->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnnamedFieldAtAuthor) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("noname");
+  expected.set_allocated_author(new Author());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece(""),
+                          StringPiece("Proto fields must have a name.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("author")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderInt32("", 123)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("title", "noname")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, UnnamedListAtRoot) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("noname");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece(""),
+                          StringPiece("Proto fields must have a name.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->RenderString("title", "noname")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, RootNamedObject) {
+  Book expected;
+  expected.set_title("Annie");
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece("oops"),
+                          StringPiece("Root element should not be named.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("oops")->RenderString("title", "Annie")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected, 7);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, RootNamedList) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece("oops"),
+                          StringPiece("Root element should not be named.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece(""),
+                          StringPiece("Proto fields must have a name.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartList("oops")->RenderString("", "item")->EndList();
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, RootUnnamedField) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece(""),
+                          StringPiece("Root element must be a message.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->RenderBool("", true);
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, RootNamedField) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece("oops"),
+                          StringPiece("Root element must be a message.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->RenderBool("oops", true);
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, NullValue) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  ow_->RenderNull("");
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, NullValueForMessageField) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  ow_->RenderNull("author");
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, NullValueForPrimitiveField) {
+  Book empty;
+
+  ow_->RenderNull("length");
+  CheckOutput(empty, 0);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest
+    : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest() {
+    vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(TimestampDuration::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Timestamp::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Duration::descriptor());
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidTimestampError1) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_,
+                   StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+                   StringPiece(
+                       "Field 'ts', Illegal timestamp format; timestamps "
+                       "must end with 'Z'")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("ts", "")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidTimestampError2) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece(
+              "Field 'ts', Invalid time format: Failed to parse input")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("ts", "Z")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidTimestampError3) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_,
+                   StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+                   StringPiece(
+                       "Field 'ts', Invalid time format, failed to parse nano "
+                       "seconds")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "1970-01-01T00:00:00.ABZ")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidTimestampError4) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_,
+                   StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+                   StringPiece("Field 'ts', Timestamp value exceeds limits")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "-8032-10-18T00:00:00.000Z")
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Write a test for nanos that exceed limit. Currently, it is
+// not possible to construct a test case where nanos exceed limit because of
+// floating point arithmetic.
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidDurationError1) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_,
+                   StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"),
+                   StringPiece(
+                       "Field 'dur', Illegal duration format; duration must "
+                       "end with 's'")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("dur", "")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidDurationError2) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_,
+                   StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"),
+                   StringPiece(
+                       "Field 'dur', Invalid duration format, failed to parse "
+                       "seconds")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("dur", "s")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidDurationError3) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_,
+                   StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"),
+                   StringPiece(
+                       "Field 'dur', Invalid duration format, failed to "
+                       "parse nanos seconds")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("dur", "123.DEFs")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, InvalidDurationError4) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_,
+                   StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"),
+                   StringPiece("Field 'dur', Duration value exceeds limits")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderString("dur", "315576000002s")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+       MismatchedTimestampTypeInput) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
+          StringPiece(
+              "Field 'ts', Invalid data type for timestamp, value is null")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("ts")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("ts")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
+       MismatchedDurationTypeInput) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"),
+          StringPiece(
+              "Field 'dur', Invalid data type for duration, value is null")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("dur")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("dur")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest
+    : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest() {
+    vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(StructType::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Struct::descriptor());
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+};
+
+// TODO(skarvaje): Write tests for failure cases.
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, StructRenderSuccess) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  google::protobuf::Struct* s = struct_type.mutable_object();
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k1").set_number_value(123);
+  s->mutable_fields()->operator[]("k2").set_bool_value(true);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("object")
+      ->RenderDouble("k1", 123)
+      ->RenderBool("k2", true)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, StructNullInputSuccess) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidName(_, StringPiece(""),
+                          StringPiece("Proto fields must have a name.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, StructInvalidInputFailure) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct"),
+                   StringPiece("true")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("object")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderBool("object", true)->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest()
+      : BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest(MapIn::descriptor()) {}
+};
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest, MapShouldNotAcceptList) {
+  MapIn mm;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Map"),
+                           StringPiece("Cannot bind a list to map.")))
+      .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("map_input")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartList("map_input")
+      ->RenderString("a", "b")
+      ->EndList()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(mm);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest() {
+    vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(AnyOut::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::DoubleValue::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Any::descriptor());
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyRenderSuccess) {
+  AnyOut any;
+  google::protobuf::Any* any_type = any.mutable_any();
+  any_type->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.DoubleValue");
+  google::protobuf::DoubleValue d;
+  d.set_value(40.2);
+  any_type->set_value(d.SerializeAsString());
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.DoubleValue")
+      ->RenderDouble("value", 40.2)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, RecursiveAny) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+  any->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any nested_any;
+  nested_any.set_type_url(
+      "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM");
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  nested_any.set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+
+  any->set_value(nested_any.SerializeAsString());
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(out, 115);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, DoubleRecursiveAny) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* any = out.mutable_any();
+  any->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any nested_any;
+  nested_any.set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any second_nested_any;
+  second_nested_any.set_type_url(
+      "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM");
+
+  AnyM m;
+  m.set_foo("foovalue");
+  second_nested_any.set_value(m.SerializeAsString());
+
+  nested_any.set_value(second_nested_any.SerializeAsString());
+  any->set_value(nested_any.SerializeAsString());
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM")
+      ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(out, 159);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, EmptyAnyFromEmptyObject) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  out.mutable_any();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->StartObject("any")->EndObject()->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(out, 2);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithoutTypeUrlFails1) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                           StringPiece(
+                               "Missing or invalid @type for any field in "
+                               "google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyOut")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->StartObject("another")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithoutTypeUrlFails2) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                           StringPiece(
+                               "Missing or invalid @type for any field in "
+                               "google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyOut")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->StartList("another")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithoutTypeUrlFails3) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                           StringPiece(
+                               "Missing or invalid @type for any field in "
+                               "google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyOut")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("value", "somevalue")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithInvalidTypeUrlFails) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                   StringPiece(
+                       "Invalid type URL, type URLs must be of the form "
+                       "'type.googleapis.com/<typename>', got: "
+                       "type.other.com/some.Type")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.other.com/some.Type")
+      ->RenderDouble("value", 40.2)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithUnknownTypeFails) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                   StringPiece("Invalid type URL, unknown type: some.Type")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/some.Type")
+      ->RenderDouble("value", 40.2)
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyNullInputFails) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("any")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest
+    : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest() {
+    vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(FieldMaskTest::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::FieldMask::descriptor());
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, SimpleFieldMaskTest) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.set_id("1");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("path1");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "path1");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MutipleMasksInCompactForm) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.set_id("1");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("camel_case1");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("camel_case2");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("camel_case3");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "camelCase1,camelCase2,camelCase3");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, RepeatedFieldMaskTest) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.set_id("1");
+  google::protobuf::FieldMask* mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("field1");
+  mask->add_paths("field2");
+  expected.add_repeated_mask()->add_paths("field3");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  ow_->StartList("repeated_mask");
+  ow_->RenderString("", "field1,field2");
+  ow_->RenderString("", "field3");
+  ow_->EndList();
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, EmptyFieldMaskTest) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.set_id("1");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MaskUsingApiaryStyleShouldWork) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.set_id("1");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  // Case1
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask",
+                    "outerField(camelCase1,camelCase2,camelCase3)");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("outer_field.camel_case1");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("outer_field.camel_case2");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("outer_field.camel_case3");
+
+  ow_->StartList("repeated_mask");
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(field1,field2)");
+  google::protobuf::FieldMask* mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field2");
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(field3)");
+  mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("a.field3");
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a()");
+  expected.add_repeated_mask();
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(,)");
+  expected.add_repeated_mask();
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(field1(field2(field3)))");
+  mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field2.field3");
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(field1(field2(field3,field4),field5),field6)");
+  mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field2.field3");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field2.field4");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field5");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field6");
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(id,field1(id,field2(field3,field4),field5),field6)");
+  mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("a.id");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.id");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field2.field3");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field2.field4");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field1.field5");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field6");
+
+  ow_->RenderString("", "a(((field3,field4)))");
+  mask = expected.add_repeated_mask();
+  mask->add_paths("a.field3");
+  mask->add_paths("a.field4");
+
+  ow_->EndList();
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MoreCloseThanOpenParentheses) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_,
+                   StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask"),
+                   StringPiece(
+                       "Field 'single_mask', Invalid FieldMask 'a(b,c))'. "
+                       "Cannot find matching '(' for all ')'.")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "a(b,c))");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MoreOpenThanCloseParentheses) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(
+          _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask"),
+          StringPiece(
+              "Field 'single_mask', Invalid FieldMask 'a(((b,c)'. Cannot "
+              "find matching ')' for all '('.")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("id", "1");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "a(((b,c)");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, PathWithMapKeyShouldWork) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("path.to.map[\"key1\"]");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths(
+      "path.to.map[\"e\\\"[]][scape\\\"\"]");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("path.to.map[\"key2\"]");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask",
+                    "path.to.map[\"key1\"],path.to.map[\"e\\\"[]][scape\\\"\"],"
+                    "path.to.map[\"key2\"]");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest,
+       MapKeyMustBeAtTheEndOfAPathSegment) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_,
+                   StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask"),
+                   StringPiece(
+                       "Field 'single_mask', Invalid FieldMask "
+                       "'path.to.map[\"key1\"]a,path.to.map[\"key2\"]'. "
+                       "Map keys should be at the end of a path segment.")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask",
+                    "path.to.map[\"key1\"]a,path.to.map[\"key2\"]");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MapKeyMustEnd) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_,
+                   StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask"),
+                   StringPiece(
+                       "Field 'single_mask', Invalid FieldMask "
+                       "'path.to.map[\"key1\"'. Map keys should be "
+                       "represented as [\"some_key\"].")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "path.to.map[\"key1\"");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MapKeyMustBeEscapedCorrectly) {
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_,
+                   StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask"),
+                   StringPiece(
+                       "Field 'single_mask', Invalid FieldMask "
+                       "'path.to.map[\"ke\"y1\"]'. Map keys should be "
+                       "represented as [\"some_key\"].")));
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString("single_mask", "path.to.map[\"ke\"y1\"]");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MapKeyCanContainAnyChars) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths(
+      "path.to.map[\"(),[],\\\"'!@#$%^&*123_|War孙天涌,./?><\\\\\"]");
+  expected.mutable_single_mask()->add_paths("path.to.map[\"key2\"]");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("");
+  ow_->RenderString(
+      "single_mask",
+      "path.to.map[\"(),[],\\\"'!@#$%^&*123_|War孙天涌,./?><\\\\\"],"
+      "path.to.map[\"key2\"]");
+  ow_->EndObject();
+
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/snake2camel_objectwriter.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/snake2camel_objectwriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a32bc56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/snake2camel_objectwriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_SNAKE2CAMEL_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_SNAKE2CAMEL_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// Snake2CamelObjectWriter is an ObjectWriter than translates each field name
+// from snake_case to camelCase. Typical usage is:
+//     ProtoStreamObjectSource psos(...);
+//     JsonObjectWriter jow(...);
+//     Snake2CamelObjectWriter snake_to_camel(&jow);
+//     psos.writeTo(&snake_to_camel);
+class Snake2CamelObjectWriter : public ObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  explicit Snake2CamelObjectWriter(ObjectWriter* ow)
+      : ow_(ow), normalize_case_(true) {}
+  virtual ~Snake2CamelObjectWriter() {}
+
+  // ObjectWriter methods.
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* StartObject(StringPiece name) {
+    ow_->StartObject(ShouldNormalizeCase(name)
+                         ? StringPiece(StringPiece(ToCamelCase(name)))
+                         : name);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* EndObject() {
+    ow_->EndObject();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* StartList(StringPiece name) {
+    ow_->StartList(ShouldNormalizeCase(name) ? StringPiece(ToCamelCase(name))
+                                             : name);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* EndList() {
+    ow_->EndList();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* RenderBool(StringPiece name, bool value) {
+    ow_->RenderBool(
+        ShouldNormalizeCase(name) ? StringPiece(ToCamelCase(name)) : name,
+        value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* RenderInt32(StringPiece name, int32 value) {
+    ow_->RenderInt32(
+        ShouldNormalizeCase(name) ? StringPiece(ToCamelCase(name)) : name,
+        value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* RenderUint32(StringPiece name,
+                                                uint32 value) {
+    ow_->RenderUint32(
+        ShouldNormalizeCase(name) ? StringPiece(ToCamelCase(name)) : name,
+        value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* RenderInt64(StringPiece name, int64 value) {
+    ow_->RenderInt64(
+        ShouldNormalizeCase(name) ? StringPiece(ToCamelCase(name)) : name,
+        value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* RenderUint64(StringPiece name,
+                                                uint64 value) {
+    ow_->RenderUint64(
+        ShouldNormalizeCase(name) ? StringPiece(ToCamelCase(name)) : name,
+        value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* RenderDouble(StringPiece name,
+                                                double value) {
+    ow_->RenderDouble(
+        ShouldNormalizeCase(name) ? StringPiece(ToCamelCase(name)) : name,
+        value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* RenderFloat(StringPiece name, float value) {
+    ow_->RenderFloat(
+        ShouldNormalizeCase(name) ? StringPiece(ToCamelCase(name)) : name,
+        value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* RenderString(StringPiece name,
+                                                StringPiece value) {
+    ow_->RenderString(
+        ShouldNormalizeCase(name) ? StringPiece(ToCamelCase(name)) : name,
+        value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* RenderBytes(StringPiece name,
+                                               StringPiece value) {
+    ow_->RenderBytes(
+        ShouldNormalizeCase(name) ? StringPiece(ToCamelCase(name)) : name,
+        value);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* RenderNull(StringPiece name) {
+    ow_->RenderNull(ShouldNormalizeCase(name) ? StringPiece(ToCamelCase(name))
+                                              : name);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  virtual Snake2CamelObjectWriter* DisableCaseNormalizationForNextKey() {
+    normalize_case_ = false;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  ObjectWriter* ow_;
+  bool normalize_case_;
+
+  bool ShouldNormalizeCase(StringPiece name) {
+    if (normalize_case_) {
+      return !IsCamel(name);
+    } else {
+      normalize_case_ = true;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool IsCamel(StringPiece name) {
+    return name.empty() || (ascii_islower(name[0]) && !name.contains("_"));
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Snake2CamelObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_SNAKE2CAMEL_OBJECTWRITER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/snake2camel_objectwriter_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/snake2camel_objectwriter_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..67388c3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/snake2camel_objectwriter_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/snake2camel_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+class Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest() : mock_(), expects_(&mock_), testing_(&mock_) {}
+  virtual ~Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest() {}
+
+  MockObjectWriter mock_;
+  ExpectingObjectWriter expects_;
+  Snake2CamelObjectWriter testing_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, Empty) {
+  // Set expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("")->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, UnderscoresOnly) {
+  // Set expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderInt32("", 1)
+      ->RenderInt32("", 2)
+      ->RenderInt32("", 3)
+      ->RenderInt32("", 4)
+      ->RenderInt32("", 5)
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderInt32("_", 1)
+      ->RenderInt32("__", 2)
+      ->RenderInt32("___", 3)
+      ->RenderInt32("____", 4)
+      ->RenderInt32("_____", 5)
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, LowercaseOnly) {
+  // Set expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("key", "value")
+      ->RenderString("abracadabra", "magic")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("key", "value")
+      ->RenderString("abracadabra", "magic")
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, UppercaseOnly) {
+  // Set expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("key", "VALUE")
+      ->RenderString("abracadabra", "MAGIC")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("KEY", "VALUE")
+      ->RenderString("ABRACADABRA", "MAGIC")
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, CamelCase) {
+  // Set expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("camelCase", "camelCase")
+      ->RenderString("theQuickBrownFoxJumpsOverTheLazyDog",
+                     "theQuickBrownFoxJumpsOverTheLazyDog")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("camelCase", "camelCase")
+      ->RenderString("theQuickBrownFoxJumpsOverTheLazyDog",
+                     "theQuickBrownFoxJumpsOverTheLazyDog")
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, FirstCapCamelCase) {
+  // Sets expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("camel")
+      ->RenderString("camelCase", "CamelCase")
+      ->RenderString("theQuickBrownFoxJumpsOverTheLazyDog",
+                     "TheQuickBrownFoxJumpsOverTheLazyDog")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("Camel")
+      ->RenderString("CamelCase", "CamelCase")
+      ->RenderString("TheQuickBrownFoxJumpsOverTheLazyDog",
+                     "TheQuickBrownFoxJumpsOverTheLazyDog")
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, LastCapCamelCase) {
+  // Sets expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("lastCapCamelCasE")->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("lastCapCamelCasE")->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, MixedCapCamelCase) {
+  // Sets expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("googleIsTheBest")
+      ->RenderFloat("iLoveGOOGLE", 1.61803f)
+      ->RenderFloat("goGoogleGO", 2.71828f)
+      ->RenderFloat("gBikeISCool", 3.14159f)
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("GOOGLEIsTheBest")
+      ->RenderFloat("ILoveGOOGLE", 1.61803f)
+      ->RenderFloat("GOGoogleGO", 2.71828f)
+      ->RenderFloat("GBikeISCool", 3.14159f)
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, MixedCase) {
+  // Sets expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("snakeCaseCamelCase")
+      ->RenderBool("camelCaseSnakeCase", false)
+      ->RenderBool("mixedCamelAndUnderScores", false)
+      ->RenderBool("goGOOGLEGo", true)
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("snake_case_camelCase")
+      ->RenderBool("camelCase_snake_case", false)
+      ->RenderBool("MixedCamel_And_UnderScores", false)
+      ->RenderBool("Go_GOOGLEGo", true)
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, SnakeCase) {
+  // Sets expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("snakeCase", "snake_case")
+      ->RenderString("theQuickBrownFoxJumpsOverTheLazyDog",
+                     "the_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("snake_case", "snake_case")
+      ->RenderString("the_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog",
+                     "the_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog")
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, FirstCapSnakeCase) {
+  // Sets expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("firstCapSnakeCase")
+      ->RenderBool("helloWorld", true)
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("First_Cap_Snake_Case")
+      ->RenderBool("Hello_World", true)
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, AllCapSnakeCase) {
+  // Sets expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("allCAPSNAKECASE")
+      ->RenderDouble("nyseGOOGL", 600.0L)
+      ->RenderDouble("aBCDE", 1.0L)
+      ->RenderDouble("klMNOP", 2.0L)
+      ->RenderDouble("abcIJKPQRXYZ", 3.0L)
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("ALL_CAP_SNAKE_CASE")
+      ->RenderDouble("NYSE_GOOGL", 600.0L)
+      ->RenderDouble("A_B_C_D_E", 1.0L)
+      ->RenderDouble("KL_MN_OP", 2.0L)
+      ->RenderDouble("ABC_IJK_PQR_XYZ", 3.0L)
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, RepeatedUnderScoreSnakeCase) {
+  // Sets expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderInt32("doubleUnderscoreSnakeCase", 2)
+      ->RenderInt32("tripleUnderscoreFirstCap", 3)
+      ->RenderInt32("quadrupleUNDERSCOREALLCAP", 4)
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderInt32("double__underscore__snake__case", 2)
+      ->RenderInt32("Triple___Underscore___First___Cap", 3)
+      ->RenderInt32("QUADRUPLE____UNDERSCORE____ALL____CAP", 4)
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, LeadingUnderscoreSnakeCase) {
+  // Sets expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("leadingUnderscoreSnakeCase")
+      ->RenderUint32("leadingDoubleUnderscore", 2)
+      ->RenderUint32("leadingTripleUnderscoreFirstCap", 3)
+      ->RenderUint32("leadingQUADRUPLEUNDERSCOREALLCAP", 4)
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("_leading_underscore_snake_case")
+      ->RenderUint32("__leading_double_underscore", 2)
+      ->RenderUint32("___Leading_Triple_Underscore_First_Cap", 3)
+      ->RenderUint32("____LEADING_QUADRUPLE_UNDERSCORE_ALL_CAP", 4)
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, TrailingUnderscoreSnakeCase) {
+  // Sets expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("trailingUnderscoreSnakeCase")
+      ->RenderInt64("trailingDoubleUnderscore", 2L)
+      ->RenderInt64("trailingTripleUnderscoreFirstCap", 3L)
+      ->RenderInt64("trailingQUADRUPLEUNDERSCOREALLCAP", 4L)
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("trailing_underscore_snake_case")
+      ->RenderInt64("trailing_double_underscore__", 2L)
+      ->RenderInt64("Trailing_Triple_Underscore_First_Cap___", 3L)
+      ->RenderInt64("TRAILING_QUADRUPLE_UNDERSCORE_ALL_CAP____", 4L)
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, EnclosingUnderscoreSnakeCase) {
+  // Sets expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("enclosingUnderscoreSnakeCase")
+      ->RenderUint64("enclosingDoubleUnderscore", 2L)
+      ->RenderUint64("enclosingTripleUnderscoreFirstCap", 3L)
+      ->RenderUint64("enclosingQUADRUPLEUNDERSCOREALLCAP", 4L)
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("_enclosing_underscore_snake_case_")
+      ->RenderUint64("__enclosing_double_underscore__", 2L)
+      ->RenderUint64("___Enclosing_Triple_Underscore_First_Cap___", 3L)
+      ->RenderUint64("____ENCLOSING_QUADRUPLE_UNDERSCORE_ALL_CAP____", 4L)
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+TEST_F(Snake2CamelObjectWriterTest, DisableCaseNormalizationOnlyDisablesFirst) {
+  // Sets expectation
+  expects_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("snakeCase", "snake_case")
+      ->RenderString(
+            "the_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog",  // case retained
+            "the_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog")
+      ->RenderBool("theSlowFox", true)  // disable case not in effect
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  // Actual testing
+  testing_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("snake_case", "snake_case")
+      ->DisableCaseNormalizationForNextKey()
+      ->RenderString("the_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog",
+                     "the_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog")
+      ->RenderBool("the_slow_fox", true)
+      ->EndObject();
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/structured_objectwriter.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/structured_objectwriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3f065d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/structured_objectwriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_STRUCTURED_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_STRUCTURED_OBJECTWRITER_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/casts.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+// An StructuredObjectWriter is an ObjectWriter for writing
+// tree-structured data in a stream of events representing objects
+// and collections. Implementation of this interface can be used to
+// write an object stream to an in-memory structure, protobufs,
+// JSON, XML, or any other output format desired. The ObjectSource
+// interface is typically used as the source of an object stream.
+//
+// See JsonObjectWriter for a sample implementation of
+// StructuredObjectWriter and its use.
+//
+// Derived classes could be thread-unsafe.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT StructuredObjectWriter : public ObjectWriter {
+ public:
+  virtual ~StructuredObjectWriter() {}
+
+ protected:
+  // A base element class for subclasses to extend, makes tracking state easier.
+  //
+  // StructuredObjectWriter behaves as a visitor. BaseElement represents a node
+  // in the input tree. Implementation of StructuredObjectWriter should also
+  // extend BaseElement to keep track of the location in the input tree.
+  class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT BaseElement {
+   public:
+    // Takes ownership of the parent Element.
+    explicit BaseElement(BaseElement* parent)
+        : parent_(parent), level_(parent == NULL ? 0 : parent->level() + 1) {}
+    virtual ~BaseElement() {}
+
+    // Releases ownership of the parent and returns a pointer to it.
+    template <typename ElementType>
+    ElementType* pop() {
+      return down_cast<ElementType*>(parent_.release());
+    }
+
+    // Returns true if this element is the root.
+    bool is_root() const { return parent_ == NULL; }
+
+    // Returns the number of hops from this element to the root element.
+    int level() const { return level_; }
+
+   protected:
+    // Returns pointer to parent element without releasing ownership.
+    virtual BaseElement* parent() const { return parent_.get(); }
+
+   private:
+    // Pointer to the parent Element.
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<BaseElement> parent_;
+
+    // Number of hops to the root Element.
+    // The root Element has NULL parent_ and a level_ of 0.
+    const int level_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(BaseElement);
+  };
+
+  StructuredObjectWriter() {}
+
+  // Returns the current element. Used for indentation and name overrides.
+  virtual BaseElement* element() = 0;
+
+ private:
+  // Do not add any data members to this class.
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(StructuredObjectWriter);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_STRUCTURED_OBJECTWRITER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..18c59cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Proto to test Proto3 Any serialization.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf.testing.anys;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing.anys";
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+
+message AnyIn {
+  string something = 1;
+}
+
+message AnyOut {
+  google.protobuf.Any any = 1;
+}
+
+message AnyM {
+  string foo = 1;
+}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Call(AnyIn) returns (AnyOut);
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e2f109b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: sven@google.com (Sven Mawson)
+//
+// Sample protos for testing.
+syntax = "proto2";
+
+package google.protobuf.testing;
+
+// A book
+message Book {
+  optional string title = 1;
+  optional Author author = 2;
+  optional uint32 length = 3;
+  optional int64 published = 4;
+  optional bytes content = 5;
+
+  optional group Data = 6 {
+    optional uint32 year = 7;
+    optional string copyright = 8;
+  }
+
+  message Label {
+    optional string key = 1;
+    optional string value = 2;
+  }
+
+  optional Publisher publisher = 9;
+  repeated Label labels = 10;
+
+  extensions 200 to 499;
+}
+
+// A publisher of a book, tests required fields.
+message Publisher {
+  required string name = 1;
+}
+
+// An author of a book
+message Author {
+  optional uint64 id = 1;
+  optional string name = 2;
+  repeated string pseudonym = 3;
+  optional bool alive = 4;
+  repeated Author friend = 5;
+}
+
+// For testing resiliency of our protostream parser.
+// Field numbers of Author are reused for something else.
+message BadAuthor {
+  optional string id = 1;  // non-length-delimited to length-delimited.
+  repeated uint64 name = 2;  // string to repeated (both length-delimited).
+  optional string pseudonym = 3;  // Repeated to optional.
+  repeated bool alive = 4 [packed=true];  // Optional to repeated.
+}
+
+// All primitive types
+message Primitive {
+  // 32 bit numbers:
+  optional fixed32 fix32 = 1;
+  optional uint32 u32 = 2;
+  optional int32 i32 = 3;
+  optional sfixed32 sf32 = 4;
+  optional sint32 s32 = 5;
+
+  // 64 bit numbers:
+  optional fixed64 fix64 = 6;
+  optional uint64 u64 = 7;
+  optional int64 i64 = 8;
+  optional sfixed64 sf64 = 9;
+  optional sint64 s64 = 10;
+
+  // The other stuff.
+  optional string str = 11;
+  optional bytes bytes = 12;
+  optional float float = 13;
+  optional double double = 14;
+  optional bool bool = 15;
+
+  // repeated 32 bit numbers:
+  repeated fixed32 rep_fix32 = 16;
+  repeated uint32 rep_u32 = 17;
+  repeated int32 rep_i32 = 18;
+  repeated sfixed32 rep_sf32 = 19;
+  repeated sint32 rep_s32 = 20;
+
+  // repeated 64 bit numbers:
+  repeated fixed64 rep_fix64 = 21;
+  repeated uint64 rep_u64 = 22;
+  repeated int64 rep_i64 = 23;
+  repeated sfixed64 rep_sf64 = 24;
+  repeated sint64 rep_s64 = 25;
+
+  // repeated other stuff:
+  repeated string rep_str = 26;
+  repeated bytes rep_bytes = 27;
+  repeated float rep_float = 28;
+  repeated double rep_double = 29;
+  repeated bool rep_bool = 30;
+}
+
+// Test packed versions of all repeated primitives.
+// The field numbers should match their non-packed version in Primitive message.
+message PackedPrimitive {
+  // repeated 32 bit numbers:
+  repeated fixed32 rep_fix32 = 16 [packed=true];
+  repeated uint32 rep_u32 = 17 [packed=true];
+  repeated int32 rep_i32 = 18 [packed=true];
+  repeated sfixed32 rep_sf32 = 19 [packed=true];
+  repeated sint32 rep_s32 = 20 [packed=true];
+
+  // repeated 64 bit numbers:
+  repeated fixed64 rep_fix64 = 21 [packed=true];
+  repeated uint64 rep_u64 = 22 [packed=true];
+  repeated int64 rep_i64 = 23 [packed=true];
+  repeated sfixed64 rep_sf64 = 24 [packed=true];
+  repeated sint64 rep_s64 = 25 [packed=true];
+
+  // repeated other stuff:
+  repeated float rep_float = 28 [packed=true];
+  repeated double rep_double = 29 [packed=true];
+  repeated bool rep_bool = 30 [packed=true];
+}
+
+// Test extensions.
+extend Book {
+  repeated Author more_author = 201;
+}
+
+// Test nested extensions.
+message NestedBook {
+  extend Book {
+    optional NestedBook another_book = 301;
+  }
+  // Recurse
+  optional Book book = 1;
+}
+
+// For testing resiliency of our protostream parser.
+// Field number of NestedBook is reused for something else.
+message BadNestedBook {
+  repeated uint32 book = 1 [packed=true];  // Packed to optional message.
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ecfc8119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf.testing;
+
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+message DefaultValueTestCases {
+  DoubleMessage empty_double = 1;
+  DoubleMessage double_with_default_value = 2;
+  DoubleMessage double_with_nondefault_value = 3;
+  DoubleMessage repeated_double = 4;
+  DoubleMessage nested_message = 5;
+  DoubleMessage repeated_nested_message = 6;
+  StructMessage empty_struct = 201;
+  StructMessage empty_struct2 = 202;
+  StructMessage struct_with_null_value = 203;
+  StructMessage struct_with_values = 204;
+  StructMessage struct_with_nested_struct = 205;
+  StructMessage struct_with_nested_list = 206;
+  StructMessage struct_with_list_of_nulls = 207;
+  StructMessage struct_with_list_of_lists = 208;
+  StructMessage struct_with_list_of_structs = 209;
+  google.protobuf.Struct top_level_struct = 210;
+  ValueMessage value_wrapper_simple = 212;
+  ValueMessage value_wrapper_with_struct = 213;
+  ValueMessage value_wrapper_with_list = 214;
+  ListValueMessage list_value_wrapper = 215;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_simple = 216;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_with_struct = 217;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_with_list = 218;
+  google.protobuf.ListValue top_level_listvalue = 219;
+  AnyMessage empty_any = 301;
+  AnyMessage type_only_any = 302;
+  AnyMessage recursive_any = 303;
+  AnyMessage any_with_message_value = 304;
+  AnyMessage any_with_nested_message = 305;
+  AnyMessage any_with_message_containing_map = 306;
+  AnyMessage any_with_message_containing_struct = 307;
+  google.protobuf.Any top_level_any = 308;
+  StringtoIntMap empty_map = 401;
+  StringtoIntMap string_to_int = 402;
+  IntToStringMap int_to_string = 403;
+  MixedMap mixed1 = 404;
+  MixedMap2 mixed2 = 405;
+  MessageMap map_of_objects = 406;
+  DoubleValueMessage double_value = 501;
+  DoubleValueMessage double_value_default = 502;
+}
+
+message DoubleMessage {
+  double double_value = 1;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 2;
+  DoubleMessage nested_message = 3;
+  repeated DoubleMessage repeated_nested_message = 4;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_wrapper = 100;
+}
+
+message StructMessage {
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct = 1;
+}
+
+message ValueMessage {
+  google.protobuf.Value value = 1;
+}
+
+message ListValueMessage {
+  google.protobuf.ListValue shopping_list = 1;
+}
+message RequestMessage {
+  string content = 1;
+}
+
+// A test service.
+service DefaultValueTestService {
+  // A test method.
+  rpc Call(RequestMessage) returns (DefaultValueTestCases);
+}
+
+message AnyMessage {
+  google.protobuf.Any any = 1;
+  AnyData data = 2;
+}
+
+message AnyData {
+  int32 attr = 1;
+  string str = 2;
+  repeated string msgs = 3;
+  AnyData nested_data = 4;
+  map<string, string> map_data = 7;
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct_data = 8;
+  repeated AnyData repeated_data = 9;
+}
+
+message StringtoIntMap {
+  map<string, int32> map = 1;
+}
+
+message IntToStringMap {
+  map<int32, string> map = 1;
+}
+
+message MixedMap {
+  string msg = 1;
+  map<string, float> map = 2;
+  int32 int_value = 3;
+}
+
+message MixedMap2 {
+  enum E {
+    E0 = 0;
+    E1 = 1;
+    E2 = 2;
+    E3 = 3;
+  }
+  map<int32, bool> map = 1;
+  E ee = 2;
+  string msg = 4;
+}
+
+message MessageMap {
+  message M {
+    int32 inner_int = 1;
+    string inner_text = 2;
+  }
+  map<string, M> map = 1;
+}
+
+message DoubleValueMessage {
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double = 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21b85e6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/default_value_test.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf.testing;
+
+message DefaultValueTest {
+  double double_value = 1;
+  repeated double repeated_double = 2;
+  float float_value = 3;
+  int64 int64_value = 5;
+  uint64 uint64_value = 7;
+  int32 int32_value = 9;
+  uint32 uint32_value = 11;
+  bool bool_value = 13;
+  string string_value = 15;
+  bytes bytes_value = 17 [ctype = CORD];
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e8b2bc5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf.testing;
+
+import "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto";
+
+message NestedFieldMask {
+  string data = 1;
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask single_mask = 2;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FieldMask repeated_mask = 3;
+}
+
+message FieldMaskTest {
+  string id = 1;
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask single_mask = 2;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FieldMask repeated_mask = 3;
+  repeated NestedFieldMask nested_mask = 4;
+}
+
+message FieldMaskTestCases {
+  FieldMaskWrapper single_mask = 1;
+  FieldMaskWrapper multiple_mask = 2;
+  FieldMaskWrapper snake_camel = 3;
+  FieldMaskWrapper empty_field = 4;
+  FieldMaskWrapper apiary_format1 = 5;
+  FieldMaskWrapper apiary_format2 = 6;
+  FieldMaskWrapper apiary_format3 = 7;
+  FieldMaskWrapper map_key1 = 8;
+  FieldMaskWrapper map_key2 = 9;
+  FieldMaskWrapper map_key3 = 10;
+  FieldMaskWrapper map_key4 = 11;
+  FieldMaskWrapper map_key5 = 12;
+}
+
+message FieldMaskWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask mask = 1;
+}
+
+service FieldMaskTestService {
+  rpc Call(FieldMaskTestCases) returns (FieldMaskTestCases);
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7fb42a26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Proto to test proto3 maps.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf.testing.maps;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing.maps";
+
+message MapIn {
+  string other = 1;
+  repeated string things = 2;
+  map<string, string> map_input = 3;
+}
+
+message MapOut {
+  map<string, MapM> map1 = 1;
+  map<string, MapOut> map2 = 2;
+  map<int32, string> map3 = 3;
+  string bar = 4;
+}
+
+message MapM {
+  string foo = 1;
+}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Call1(MapIn) returns (MapOut);
+  rpc Call2(MapIn) returns (MapOut);
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c15aba0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Proto to test proto3 struct.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf.testing.structs;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing.structs";
+
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+
+message StructType {
+  google.protobuf.Struct object = 1;
+}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Call(StructType) returns (StructType);
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56351f16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Proto to test proto3 Timestamp and Duration.
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf.testing.timestampduration;
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing.timestampduration";
+
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+
+message TimestampDuration {
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp ts = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Duration dur = 2;
+}
+
+service TestService {
+  rpc Call(TimestampDuration) returns (TimestampDuration);
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eabc99f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf.testing;
+
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+// Top-level test cases proto used by MarshallingTest. See description
+// at the top of the class MarshallingTest for details on how to write
+// test cases.
+message WrappersTestCases {
+  DoubleWrapper double_wrapper = 1;
+  FloatWrapper float_wrapper = 2;
+  Int64Wrapper int64_wrapper = 3;
+  UInt64Wrapper uint64_wrapper = 4;
+  Int32Wrapper int32_wrapper = 5;
+  UInt32Wrapper uint32_wrapper = 6;
+  BoolWrapper bool_wrapper = 7;
+  StringWrapper string_wrapper = 8;
+  BytesWrapper bytes_wrapper = 9;
+
+  DoubleWrapper double_wrapper_default = 10;
+  FloatWrapper float_wrapper_default = 11;
+  Int64Wrapper int64_wrapper_default = 12;
+  UInt64Wrapper uint64_wrapper_default = 13;
+  Int32Wrapper int32_wrapper_default = 14;
+  UInt32Wrapper uint32_wrapper_default = 15;
+  BoolWrapper bool_wrapper_default = 16;
+  StringWrapper string_wrapper_default = 17;
+  BytesWrapper bytes_wrapper_default = 18;
+}
+
+message DoubleWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double = 1;
+}
+
+message FloatWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.FloatValue float = 1;
+}
+
+message Int64Wrapper {
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64 = 1;
+}
+
+message UInt64Wrapper {
+  google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64 = 1;
+}
+
+message Int32Wrapper {
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value int32 = 1;
+}
+
+message UInt32Wrapper {
+  google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32 = 1;
+}
+
+message BoolWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.BoolValue bool = 1;
+}
+
+message StringWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.StringValue string = 1;
+}
+
+message BytesWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes = 1;
+}
+
+service WrappersTestService {
+  rpc Call(WrappersTestCases) returns (WrappersTestCases);
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6392e18c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+namespace {
+
+// A TypeInfo that looks up information provided by a TypeResolver.
+class TypeInfoForTypeResolver : public TypeInfo {
+ public:
+  explicit TypeInfoForTypeResolver(TypeResolver* type_resolver)
+      : type_resolver_(type_resolver) {}
+
+  virtual ~TypeInfoForTypeResolver() {
+    DeleteCachedTypes(&cached_types_);
+    DeleteCachedTypes(&cached_enums_);
+  }
+
+  virtual util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> ResolveTypeUrl(
+      StringPiece type_url) {
+    map<StringPiece, StatusOrType>::iterator it = cached_types_.find(type_url);
+    if (it != cached_types_.end()) {
+      return it->second;
+    }
+    // Stores the string value so it can be referenced using StringPiece in the
+    // cached_types_ map.
+    const string& string_type_url =
+        *string_storage_.insert(type_url.ToString()).first;
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<google::protobuf::Type> type(new google::protobuf::Type());
+    util::Status status =
+        type_resolver_->ResolveMessageType(string_type_url, type.get());
+    StatusOrType result =
+        status.ok() ? StatusOrType(type.release()) : StatusOrType(status);
+    cached_types_[string_type_url] = result;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  virtual const google::protobuf::Type* GetType(StringPiece type_url) {
+    StatusOrType result = ResolveTypeUrl(type_url);
+    return result.ok() ? result.ValueOrDie() : NULL;
+  }
+
+  virtual const google::protobuf::Enum* GetEnum(StringPiece type_url) {
+    map<StringPiece, StatusOrEnum>::iterator it = cached_enums_.find(type_url);
+    if (it != cached_enums_.end()) {
+      return it->second.ok() ? it->second.ValueOrDie() : NULL;
+    }
+    // Stores the string value so it can be referenced using StringPiece in the
+    // cached_enums_ map.
+    const string& string_type_url =
+        *string_storage_.insert(type_url.ToString()).first;
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<google::protobuf::Enum> enum_type(
+        new google::protobuf::Enum());
+    util::Status status =
+        type_resolver_->ResolveEnumType(string_type_url, enum_type.get());
+    StatusOrEnum result =
+        status.ok() ? StatusOrEnum(enum_type.release()) : StatusOrEnum(status);
+    cached_enums_[string_type_url] = result;
+    return result.ok() ? result.ValueOrDie() : NULL;
+  }
+
+  virtual const google::protobuf::Field* FindField(
+      const google::protobuf::Type* type, StringPiece camel_case_name) {
+    if (indexed_types_.find(type) == indexed_types_.end()) {
+      PopulateNameLookupTable(type);
+      indexed_types_.insert(type);
+    }
+    StringPiece name =
+        FindWithDefault(camel_case_name_table_, camel_case_name, StringPiece());
+    if (name.empty()) {
+      // Didn't find a mapping. Use whatever provided.
+      name = camel_case_name;
+    }
+    return FindFieldInTypeOrNull(type, name);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  typedef util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> StatusOrType;
+  typedef util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Enum*> StatusOrEnum;
+
+  template <typename T>
+  static void DeleteCachedTypes(map<StringPiece, T>* cached_types) {
+    for (typename map<StringPiece, T>::iterator it = cached_types->begin();
+         it != cached_types->end(); ++it) {
+      if (it->second.ok()) {
+        delete it->second.ValueOrDie();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void PopulateNameLookupTable(const google::protobuf::Type* type) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < type->fields_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field = type->fields(i);
+      StringPiece name = field.name();
+      StringPiece camel_case_name =
+          *string_storage_.insert(ToCamelCase(name)).first;
+      const StringPiece* existing = InsertOrReturnExisting(
+          &camel_case_name_table_, camel_case_name, name);
+      if (existing && *existing != name) {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Field '" << name << "' and '" << *existing
+                     << "' map to the same camel case name '" << camel_case_name
+                     << "'.";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  TypeResolver* type_resolver_;
+
+  // Stores string values that will be referenced by StringPieces in
+  // cached_types_, cached_enums_ and camel_case_name_table_.
+  set<string> string_storage_;
+
+  map<StringPiece, StatusOrType> cached_types_;
+  map<StringPiece, StatusOrEnum> cached_enums_;
+
+  set<const google::protobuf::Type*> indexed_types_;
+  map<StringPiece, StringPiece> camel_case_name_table_;
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+TypeInfo* TypeInfo::NewTypeInfo(TypeResolver* type_resolver) {
+  return new TypeInfoForTypeResolver(type_resolver);
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..67403fff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_TYPE_INFO_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_TYPE_INFO_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+// Internal helper class for type resolving. Note that this class is not
+// thread-safe and should only be accessed in one thread.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT TypeInfo {
+ public:
+  TypeInfo() {}
+  virtual ~TypeInfo() {}
+
+  // Resolves a type url into a Type. If the type url is invalid, returns
+  // INVALID_ARGUMENT error status. If the type url is valid but the
+  // corresponding type cannot be found, returns a NOT_FOUND error status.
+  //
+  // This TypeInfo class retains the ownership of the returned pointer.
+  virtual util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> ResolveTypeUrl(
+      StringPiece type_url) = 0;
+
+  // Resolves a type url into a Type. Like ResolveTypeUrl() but returns
+  // NULL if the type url is invalid or the type cannot be found.
+  //
+  // This TypeInfo class retains the ownership of the returned pointer.
+  virtual const google::protobuf::Type* GetType(StringPiece type_url) = 0;
+
+  // Resolves a type url for an enum. Returns NULL if the type url is
+  // invalid or the type cannot be found.
+  //
+  // This TypeInfo class retains the ownership of the returned pointer.
+  virtual const google::protobuf::Enum* GetEnum(StringPiece type_url) = 0;
+
+  // Looks up a field in the specified type given a CamelCase name.
+  virtual const google::protobuf::Field* FindField(
+      const google::protobuf::Type* type, StringPiece camel_case_name) = 0;
+
+  static TypeInfo* NewTypeInfo(TypeResolver* type_resolver);
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TypeInfo);
+};
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_TYPE_INFO_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..177b96e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+namespace testing {
+
+
+void TypeInfoTestHelper::ResetTypeInfo(
+    const vector<const Descriptor*>& descriptors) {
+  switch (type_) {
+    case USE_TYPE_RESOLVER: {
+      const DescriptorPool* pool = descriptors[0]->file()->pool();
+      for (int i = 1; i < descriptors.size(); ++i) {
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(pool == descriptors[i]->file()->pool())
+            << "Descriptors from different pools are not supported.";
+      }
+      type_resolver_.reset(
+          NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(kTypeServiceBaseUrl, pool));
+      typeinfo_.reset(TypeInfo::NewTypeInfo(type_resolver_.get()));
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can not reach here.";
+}
+
+void TypeInfoTestHelper::ResetTypeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+  descriptors.push_back(descriptor);
+  ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+}
+
+void TypeInfoTestHelper::ResetTypeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor1,
+                                       const Descriptor* descriptor2) {
+  vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+  descriptors.push_back(descriptor1);
+  descriptors.push_back(descriptor2);
+  ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+}
+
+TypeInfo* TypeInfoTestHelper::GetTypeInfo() { return typeinfo_.get(); }
+
+ProtoStreamObjectSource* TypeInfoTestHelper::NewProtoSource(
+    io::CodedInputStream* coded_input, const string& type_url) {
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = typeinfo_->GetType(type_url);
+  switch (type_) {
+    case USE_TYPE_RESOLVER: {
+      return new ProtoStreamObjectSource(coded_input, type_resolver_.get(),
+                                         *type);
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can not reach here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+ProtoStreamObjectWriter* TypeInfoTestHelper::NewProtoWriter(
+    const string& type_url, strings::ByteSink* output,
+    ErrorListener* listener) {
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = typeinfo_->GetType(type_url);
+  switch (type_) {
+    case USE_TYPE_RESOLVER: {
+      return new ProtoStreamObjectWriter(type_resolver_.get(), *type, output,
+                                         listener);
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can not reach here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+DefaultValueObjectWriter* TypeInfoTestHelper::NewDefaultValueWriter(
+    const string& type_url, ObjectWriter* writer) {
+  const google::protobuf::Type* type = typeinfo_->GetType(type_url);
+  switch (type_) {
+    case USE_TYPE_RESOLVER: {
+      return new DefaultValueObjectWriter(type_resolver_.get(), *type, writer);
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Can not reach here.";
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6916a73b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_TYPE_INFO_TEST_HELPER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_TYPE_INFO_TEST_HELPER_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+namespace testing {
+
+enum TypeInfoSource {
+  USE_TYPE_RESOLVER,
+};
+
+// In the unit-tests we want to test two scenarios: one with type info from
+// ServiceTypeInfo, the other with type info from TypeResolver. This class
+// wraps the detail of where the type info is from and provides the same
+// interface so the same unit-test code can test both scenarios.
+class TypeInfoTestHelper {
+ public:
+  explicit TypeInfoTestHelper(TypeInfoSource type) : type_(type) {}
+
+  // Creates a TypeInfo object for the given set of descriptors.
+  void ResetTypeInfo(const vector<const Descriptor*>& descriptors);
+
+  // Convinent overloads.
+  void ResetTypeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor);
+  void ResetTypeInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor1,
+                     const Descriptor* descriptor2);
+
+  // Returns the TypeInfo created after ResetTypeInfo.
+  TypeInfo* GetTypeInfo();
+
+  ProtoStreamObjectSource* NewProtoSource(io::CodedInputStream* coded_input,
+                                          const string& type_url);
+
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriter* NewProtoWriter(const string& type_url,
+                                          strings::ByteSink* output,
+                                          ErrorListener* listener);
+
+  DefaultValueObjectWriter* NewDefaultValueWriter(const string& type_url,
+                                                  ObjectWriter* writer);
+
+ private:
+  TypeInfoSource type_;
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<TypeInfo> typeinfo_;
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<TypeResolver> type_resolver_;
+};
+}  // namespace testing
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_TYPE_INFO_TEST_HELPER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..794777d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h>
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+
+namespace {
+const StringPiece SkipWhiteSpace(StringPiece str) {
+  StringPiece::size_type i;
+  for (i = 0; i < str.size() && isspace(str[i]); ++i) {}
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(i == str.size() || !isspace(str[i]));
+  return StringPiece(str, i);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+bool GetBoolOptionOrDefault(
+    const google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    const string& option_name, bool default_value) {
+  const google::protobuf::Option* opt = FindOptionOrNull(options, option_name);
+  if (opt == NULL) {
+    return default_value;
+  }
+  return GetBoolFromAny(opt->value());
+}
+
+int64 GetInt64OptionOrDefault(
+    const google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    const string& option_name, int64 default_value) {
+  const google::protobuf::Option* opt = FindOptionOrNull(options, option_name);
+  if (opt == NULL) {
+    return default_value;
+  }
+  return GetInt64FromAny(opt->value());
+}
+
+double GetDoubleOptionOrDefault(
+    const google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    const string& option_name, double default_value) {
+  const google::protobuf::Option* opt = FindOptionOrNull(options, option_name);
+  if (opt == NULL) {
+    return default_value;
+  }
+  return GetDoubleFromAny(opt->value());
+}
+
+string GetStringOptionOrDefault(
+    const google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    const string& option_name, const string& default_value) {
+  const google::protobuf::Option* opt = FindOptionOrNull(options, option_name);
+  if (opt == NULL) {
+    return default_value;
+  }
+  return GetStringFromAny(opt->value());
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void ParseFromAny(const string& data, T* result) {
+  result->ParseFromString(data);
+}
+
+// Returns a boolean value contained in Any type.
+// TODO(skarvaje): Add type checking & error messages here.
+bool GetBoolFromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any) {
+  google::protobuf::BoolValue b;
+  ParseFromAny(any.value(), &b);
+  return b.value();
+}
+
+int64 GetInt64FromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any) {
+  google::protobuf::Int64Value i;
+  ParseFromAny(any.value(), &i);
+  return i.value();
+}
+
+double GetDoubleFromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any) {
+  google::protobuf::DoubleValue i;
+  ParseFromAny(any.value(), &i);
+  return i.value();
+}
+
+string GetStringFromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any) {
+  google::protobuf::StringValue s;
+  ParseFromAny(any.value(), &s);
+  return s.value();
+}
+
+const StringPiece GetTypeWithoutUrl(StringPiece type_url) {
+  size_t idx = type_url.rfind('/');
+  return type_url.substr(idx + 1);
+}
+
+const string GetFullTypeWithUrl(StringPiece simple_type) {
+  return StrCat(kTypeServiceBaseUrl, "/", simple_type);
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Option* FindOptionOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    const string& option_name) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
+    const google::protobuf::Option& opt = options.Get(i);
+    if (opt.name() == option_name) {
+      return &opt;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldInTypeOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type, StringPiece field_name) {
+  if (type != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < type->fields_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field = type->fields(i);
+      if (field.name() == field_name) {
+        return &field;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, StringPiece enum_name) {
+  if (enum_type != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < enum_type->enumvalue_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::EnumValue& enum_value = enum_type->enumvalue(i);
+      if (enum_value.name() == enum_name) {
+        return &enum_value;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNumberOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, int32 value) {
+  if (enum_type != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < enum_type->enumvalue_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::EnumValue& enum_value = enum_type->enumvalue(i);
+      if (enum_value.number() == value) {
+        return &enum_value;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+string ToCamelCase(const StringPiece input) {
+  bool capitalize_next = false;
+  bool was_cap = true;
+  bool is_cap = false;
+  bool first_word = true;
+  string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size());
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < input.size(); ++i, was_cap = is_cap) {
+    is_cap = ascii_isupper(input[i]);
+    if (input[i] == '_') {
+      capitalize_next = true;
+      if (!result.empty()) first_word = false;
+      continue;
+    } else if (first_word) {
+      // Consider when the current character B is capitalized,
+      // first word ends when:
+      // 1) following a lowercase:   "...aB..."
+      // 2) followed by a lowercase: "...ABc..."
+      if (!result.empty() && is_cap &&
+          (!was_cap || (i + 1 < input.size() && ascii_islower(input[i + 1])))) {
+        first_word = false;
+      } else {
+        result.push_back(ascii_tolower(input[i]));
+        continue;
+      }
+    } else if (capitalize_next) {
+      capitalize_next = false;
+      if (ascii_islower(input[i])) {
+        result.push_back(ascii_toupper(input[i]));
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    result.push_back(input[i]);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+string ToSnakeCase(StringPiece input) {
+  bool was_not_underscore = false;  // Initialize to false for case 1 (below)
+  bool was_not_cap = false;
+  string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size() << 1);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < input.size(); ++i) {
+    if (ascii_isupper(input[i])) {
+      // Consider when the current character B is capitalized:
+      // 1) At beginning of input:   "B..." => "b..."
+      //    (e.g. "Biscuit" => "biscuit")
+      // 2) Following a lowercase:   "...aB..." => "...a_b..."
+      //    (e.g. "gBike" => "g_bike")
+      // 3) At the end of input:     "...AB" => "...ab"
+      //    (e.g. "GoogleLAB" => "google_lab")
+      // 4) Followed by a lowercase: "...ABc..." => "...a_bc..."
+      //    (e.g. "GBike" => "g_bike")
+      if (was_not_underscore &&               //            case 1 out
+          (was_not_cap ||                     // case 2 in, case 3 out
+           (i + 1 < input.size() &&           //            case 3 out
+            ascii_islower(input[i + 1])))) {  // case 4 in
+        // We add an underscore for case 2 and case 4.
+        result.push_back('_');
+      }
+      result.push_back(ascii_tolower(input[i]));
+      was_not_underscore = true;
+      was_not_cap = false;
+    } else {
+      result.push_back(input[i]);
+      was_not_underscore = input[i] != '_';
+      was_not_cap = true;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+set<string>* well_known_types_ = NULL;
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(well_known_types_init_);
+const char* well_known_types_name_array_[] = {
+    "google.protobuf.Timestamp",   "google.protobuf.Duration",
+    "google.protobuf.DoubleValue", "google.protobuf.FloatValue",
+    "google.protobuf.Int64Value",  "google.protobuf.UInt64Value",
+    "google.protobuf.Int32Value",  "google.protobuf.UInt32Value",
+    "google.protobuf.BoolValue",   "google.protobuf.StringValue",
+    "google.protobuf.BytesValue",  "google.protobuf.FieldMask"};
+
+void DeleteWellKnownTypes() { delete well_known_types_; }
+
+void InitWellKnownTypes() {
+  well_known_types_ = new set<string>;
+  for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(well_known_types_name_array_); ++i) {
+    well_known_types_->insert(well_known_types_name_array_[i]);
+  }
+  google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&DeleteWellKnownTypes);
+}
+
+bool IsWellKnownType(const string& type_name) {
+  InitWellKnownTypes();
+  return ContainsKey(*well_known_types_, type_name);
+}
+
+bool IsValidBoolString(const string& bool_string) {
+  return bool_string == "true" || bool_string == "false" ||
+         bool_string == "1" || bool_string == "0";
+}
+
+bool IsMap(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+           const google::protobuf::Type& type) {
+  return (field.cardinality() ==
+              google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality_CARDINALITY_REPEATED &&
+          GetBoolOptionOrDefault(type.options(),
+                                 "google.protobuf.MessageOptions.map_entry", false));
+}
+
+string DoubleAsString(double value) {
+  if (value == std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) return "Infinity";
+  if (value == -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) return "-Infinity";
+  if (google::protobuf::MathLimits<double>::IsNaN(value)) return "NaN";
+
+  return SimpleDtoa(value);
+}
+
+string FloatAsString(float value) {
+  if (isfinite(value)) return SimpleFtoa(value);
+  return DoubleAsString(value);
+}
+
+bool SafeStrToFloat(StringPiece str, float *value) {
+  double double_value;
+  if (!safe_strtod(str, &double_value)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *value = static_cast<float>(double_value);
+
+  if ((*value ==  numeric_limits<float>::infinity()) ||
+      (*value == -numeric_limits<float>::infinity())) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0d88c19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_UTILITY_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_UTILITY_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringpiece.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/statusor.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class Method;
+class Any;
+class Bool;
+class Option;
+class Field;
+class Type;
+class Enum;
+class EnumValue;
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace converter {
+// Finds the tech option identified by option_name. Parses the boolean value and
+// returns it.
+// When the option with the given name is not found, default_value is returned.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool GetBoolOptionOrDefault(
+    const google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    const string& option_name, bool default_value);
+
+// Returns int64 option value. If the option isn't found, returns the
+// default_value.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT int64 GetInt64OptionOrDefault(
+    const google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    const string& option_name, int64 default_value);
+
+// Returns double option value. If the option isn't found, returns the
+// default_value.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT double GetDoubleOptionOrDefault(
+    const google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    const string& option_name, double default_value);
+
+// Returns string option value. If the option isn't found, returns the
+// default_value.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string GetStringOptionOrDefault(
+    const google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    const string& option_name, const string& default_value);
+
+// Returns a boolean value contained in Any type.
+// TODO(skarvaje): Make these utilities dealing with Any types more generic,
+// add more error checking and move to a more public/sharable location so others
+// can use.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool GetBoolFromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any);
+
+// Returns int64 value contained in Any type.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT int64 GetInt64FromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any);
+
+// Returns double value contained in Any type.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT double GetDoubleFromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any);
+
+// Returns string value contained in Any type.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string GetStringFromAny(const google::protobuf::Any& any);
+
+// Returns the type string without the url prefix. e.g.: If the passed type is
+// 'type.googleapis.com/tech.type.Bool', the returned value is 'tech.type.Bool'.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT const StringPiece GetTypeWithoutUrl(StringPiece type_url);
+
+// Returns the simple_type with the base type url (kTypeServiceBaseUrl)
+// prefixed.
+//
+// E.g:
+// GetFullTypeWithUrl("google.protobuf.Timestamp") returns the string
+// "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp".
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT const string GetFullTypeWithUrl(StringPiece simple_type);
+
+// Finds and returns option identified by name and option_name within the
+// provided map. Returns NULL if none found.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT const google::protobuf::Option* FindOptionOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<google::protobuf::Option>& options,
+    const string& option_name);
+
+// Finds and returns the field identified by field_name in the passed tech Type
+// object. Returns NULL if none found.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldInTypeOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type, StringPiece field_name);
+
+// Finds and returns the EnumValue identified by enum_name in the passed tech
+// Enum object. Returns NULL if none found.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, StringPiece enum_name);
+
+// Finds and returns the EnumValue identified by value in the passed tech
+// Enum object. Returns NULL if none found.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNumberOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, int32 value);
+
+// Converts input to camel-case and returns it.
+// Tests are in wrappers/translator/snake2camel_objectwriter_test.cc
+// TODO(skarvaje): Isolate tests for this function and put them in
+// utility_test.cc
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string ToCamelCase(const StringPiece input);
+
+// Converts input to snake_case and returns it.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string ToSnakeCase(StringPiece input);
+
+// Returns true if type_name represents a well-known type.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool IsWellKnownType(const string& type_name);
+
+// Returns true if 'bool_string' represents a valid boolean value. Only "true",
+// "false", "0" and "1" are allowed.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool IsValidBoolString(const string& bool_string);
+
+// Returns true if "field" is a protobuf map field based on its type.
+bool IsMap(const google::protobuf::Field& field,
+           const google::protobuf::Type& type);
+
+// Infinity/NaN-aware conversion to string.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string DoubleAsString(double value);
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string FloatAsString(float value);
+
+// Convert from int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double or float to string.
+template <typename T>
+string ValueAsString(T value) {
+  return SimpleItoa(value);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline string ValueAsString(float value) {
+  return FloatAsString(value);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline string ValueAsString(double value) {
+  return DoubleAsString(value);
+}
+
+// Converts a string to float. Unlike safe_strtof, conversion will fail if the
+// value fits into double but not float (e.g., DBL_MAX).
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT bool SafeStrToFloat(StringPiece str, float* value);
+}  // namespace converter
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_CONVERTER_UTILITY_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7a282868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package proto3;
+
+
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto";
+
+enum EnumType {
+  FOO = 0;
+  BAR = 1;
+}
+
+message MessageType {
+  int32 value = 1;
+}
+
+message TestMessage {
+  bool bool_value = 1;
+  int32 int32_value = 2;
+  int64 int64_value = 3;
+  uint32 uint32_value = 4;
+  uint64 uint64_value = 5;
+  float float_value = 6;
+  double double_value = 7;
+  string string_value = 8;
+  bytes bytes_value = 9;
+  EnumType enum_value = 10;
+  MessageType message_value = 11;
+
+  repeated bool repeated_bool_value = 21;
+  repeated int32 repeated_int32_value = 22;
+  repeated int64 repeated_int64_value = 23;
+  repeated uint32 repeated_uint32_value = 24;
+  repeated uint64 repeated_uint64_value = 25;
+  repeated float repeated_float_value = 26;
+  repeated double repeated_double_value = 27;
+  repeated string repeated_string_value = 28;
+  repeated bytes repeated_bytes_value = 29;
+  repeated EnumType repeated_enum_value = 30;
+  repeated MessageType repeated_message_value = 31;
+}
+
+message TestOneof {
+  // In JSON format oneof fields behave mostly the same as optional
+  // fields except that:
+  //   1. Oneof fields have field presence information and will be
+  //      printed if it's set no matter whether it's the default value.
+  //   2. Multiple oneof fields in the same oneof cannot appear at the
+  //      same time in the input.
+  oneof oneof_value {
+    int32 oneof_int32_value = 1;
+    string oneof_string_value = 2;
+    bytes oneof_bytes_value = 3;
+    EnumType oneof_enum_value = 4;
+    MessageType oneof_message_value = 5;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestMap {
+  map<bool, int32> bool_map = 1;
+  map<int32, int32> int32_map = 2;
+  map<int64, int32> int64_map = 3;
+  map<uint32, int32> uint32_map = 4;
+  map<uint64, int32> uint64_map = 5;
+  map<string, int32> string_map = 6;
+}
+
+message TestWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.BoolValue bool_value = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value int32_value = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Int64Value int64_value = 3;
+  google.protobuf.UInt32Value uint32_value = 4;
+  google.protobuf.UInt64Value uint64_value = 5;
+  google.protobuf.FloatValue float_value = 6;
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue double_value = 7;
+  google.protobuf.StringValue string_value = 8;
+  google.protobuf.BytesValue bytes_value = 9;
+
+  repeated google.protobuf.BoolValue repeated_bool_value = 11;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int32Value repeated_int32_value = 12;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Int64Value repeated_int64_value = 13;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt32Value repeated_uint32_value = 14;
+  repeated google.protobuf.UInt64Value repeated_uint64_value = 15;
+  repeated google.protobuf.FloatValue repeated_float_value = 16;
+  repeated google.protobuf.DoubleValue repeated_double_value = 17;
+  repeated google.protobuf.StringValue repeated_string_value = 18;
+  repeated google.protobuf.BytesValue repeated_bytes_value = 19;
+}
+
+message TestTimestamp {
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp value = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Timestamp repeated_value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestDuration {
+  google.protobuf.Duration value = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Duration repeated_value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestFieldMask {
+  google.protobuf.FieldMask value = 1;
+}
+
+message TestStruct {
+  google.protobuf.Struct value = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Struct repeated_value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestAny {
+  google.protobuf.Any value = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Any repeated_value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestValue {
+  google.protobuf.Value value = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.Value repeated_value = 2;
+}
+
+message TestListValue {
+  google.protobuf.ListValue value = 1;
+  repeated google.protobuf.ListValue repeated_value = 2;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6cd40fd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/json_util.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/snake2camel_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status_macros.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+
+namespace internal {
+void ZeroCopyStreamByteSink::Append(const char* bytes, size_t len) {
+  while (len > 0) {
+    void* buffer;
+    int length;
+    if (!stream_->Next(&buffer, &length)) {
+      // There isn't a way for ByteSink to report errors.
+      return;
+    }
+    if (len < length) {
+      memcpy(buffer, bytes, len);
+      stream_->BackUp(length - len);
+      break;
+    } else {
+      memcpy(buffer, bytes, length);
+      bytes += length;
+      len -= length;
+    }
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace internal
+
+util::Status BinaryToJsonStream(TypeResolver* resolver,
+                                  const string& type_url,
+                                  io::ZeroCopyInputStream* binary_input,
+                                  io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* json_output,
+                                  const JsonOptions& options) {
+  io::CodedInputStream in_stream(binary_input);
+  google::protobuf::Type type;
+  RETURN_IF_ERROR(resolver->ResolveMessageType(type_url, &type));
+  converter::ProtoStreamObjectSource proto_source(&in_stream, resolver, type);
+  io::CodedOutputStream out_stream(json_output);
+  converter::JsonObjectWriter json_writer(options.add_whitespace ? " " : "",
+                                          &out_stream);
+  converter::Snake2CamelObjectWriter snake2camel_writer(&json_writer);
+  if (options.always_print_primitive_fields) {
+    converter::DefaultValueObjectWriter default_value_writer(
+        resolver, type, &snake2camel_writer);
+    return proto_source.WriteTo(&default_value_writer);
+  } else {
+    return proto_source.WriteTo(&snake2camel_writer);
+  }
+}
+
+util::Status BinaryToJsonString(TypeResolver* resolver,
+                                  const string& type_url,
+                                  const string& binary_input,
+                                  string* json_output,
+                                  const JsonOptions& options) {
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(binary_input.data(), binary_input.size());
+  io::StringOutputStream output_stream(json_output);
+  return BinaryToJsonStream(resolver, type_url, &input_stream, &output_stream,
+                            options);
+}
+
+util::Status JsonToBinaryStream(TypeResolver* resolver,
+                                  const string& type_url,
+                                  io::ZeroCopyInputStream* json_input,
+                                  io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* binary_output) {
+  google::protobuf::Type type;
+  RETURN_IF_ERROR(resolver->ResolveMessageType(type_url, &type));
+  internal::ZeroCopyStreamByteSink sink(binary_output);
+  converter::NoopErrorListener listener;
+  converter::ProtoStreamObjectWriter proto_writer(resolver, type, &sink,
+                                                  &listener);
+
+  converter::JsonStreamParser parser(&proto_writer);
+  const void* buffer;
+  int length;
+  while (json_input->Next(&buffer, &length)) {
+    if (length == 0) continue;
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+        parser.Parse(StringPiece(static_cast<const char*>(buffer), length)));
+  }
+  RETURN_IF_ERROR(parser.FinishParse());
+
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+util::Status JsonToBinaryString(TypeResolver* resolver,
+                                  const string& type_url,
+                                  const string& json_input,
+                                  string* binary_output) {
+  io::ArrayInputStream input_stream(json_input.data(), json_input.size());
+  io::StringOutputStream output_stream(binary_output);
+  return JsonToBinaryStream(resolver, type_url, &input_stream, &output_stream);
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6796ea08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Utility functions to convert between protobuf binary format and proto3 JSON
+// format.
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_JSON_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_JSON_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace io {
+class ZeroCopyInputStream;
+class ZeroCopyOutputStream;
+}  // namespace io
+namespace util {
+
+struct LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT JsonOptions {
+  // Whether to add spaces, line breaks and indentation to make the JSON output
+  // easy to read.
+  bool add_whitespace;
+  // Whether to always print primitive fields. By default primitive fields with
+  // default values will be omitted in JSON joutput. For example, an int32 field
+  // set to 0 will be omitted. Set this flag to true will override the default
+  // behavior and print primitive fields regardless of their values.
+  bool always_print_primitive_fields;
+
+  JsonOptions() : add_whitespace(false),
+                  always_print_primitive_fields(false) {
+  }
+};
+
+// Converts protobuf binary data to JSON.
+// The conversion will fail if:
+//   1. TypeResolver fails to resolve a type.
+//   2. input is not valid protobuf wire format, or conflicts with the type
+//      information returned by TypeResolver.
+// Note that unknown fields will be discarded silently.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT util::Status BinaryToJsonStream(
+    TypeResolver* resolver,
+    const string& type_url,
+    io::ZeroCopyInputStream* binary_input,
+    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* json_output,
+    const JsonOptions& options);
+
+inline util::Status BinaryToJsonStream(
+    TypeResolver* resolver, const string& type_url,
+    io::ZeroCopyInputStream* binary_input,
+    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* json_output) {
+  return BinaryToJsonStream(resolver, type_url, binary_input, json_output,
+                            JsonOptions());
+}
+
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT util::Status BinaryToJsonString(
+    TypeResolver* resolver,
+    const string& type_url,
+    const string& binary_input,
+    string* json_output,
+    const JsonOptions& options);
+
+inline util::Status BinaryToJsonString(TypeResolver* resolver,
+                                         const string& type_url,
+                                         const string& binary_input,
+                                         string* json_output) {
+  return BinaryToJsonString(resolver, type_url, binary_input, json_output,
+                            JsonOptions());
+}
+
+// Converts JSON data to protobuf binary format.
+// The conversion will fail if:
+//   1. TypeResolver fails to resolve a type.
+//   2. input is not valid JSON format, or conflicts with the type
+//      information returned by TypeResolver.
+//   3. input has unknown fields.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT util::Status JsonToBinaryStream(
+    TypeResolver* resolver,
+    const string& type_url,
+    io::ZeroCopyInputStream* json_input,
+    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* binary_output);
+
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT util::Status JsonToBinaryString(
+    TypeResolver* resolver,
+    const string& type_url,
+    const string& json_input,
+    string* binary_output);
+
+namespace internal {
+// Internal helper class. Put in the header so we can write unit-tests for it.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ZeroCopyStreamByteSink : public strings::ByteSink {
+ public:
+  explicit ZeroCopyStreamByteSink(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* stream)
+      : stream_(stream) {}
+
+  virtual void Append(const char* bytes, size_t len);
+
+ private:
+  io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* stream_;
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ZeroCopyStreamByteSink);
+};
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_JSON_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8399b408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/json_util_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/json_util.h>
+
+#include <list>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace {
+
+using proto3::FOO;
+using proto3::BAR;
+using proto3::TestMessage;
+
+static const char kTypeUrlPrefix[] = "type.googleapis.com";
+
+static string GetTypeUrl(const Descriptor* message) {
+  return string(kTypeUrlPrefix) + "/" + message->full_name();
+}
+
+// As functions defined in json_util.h are just thin wrappers around the
+// JSON conversion code in //net/proto2/util/converter, in this test we
+// only cover some very basic cases to make sure the wrappers have forwarded
+// parameters to the underlying implementation correctly. More detailed
+// tests are contained in the //net/proto2/util/converter directory.
+class JsonUtilTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  JsonUtilTest() {
+    resolver_.reset(NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(
+        kTypeUrlPrefix, DescriptorPool::generated_pool()));
+  }
+
+  string ToJson(const Message& message, const JsonOptions& options) {
+    string result;
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(BinaryToJsonString(resolver_.get(),
+                                GetTypeUrl(message.GetDescriptor()),
+                                message.SerializeAsString(), &result, options));
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  bool FromJson(const string& json, Message* message) {
+    string binary;
+    GOOGLE_CHECK_OK(JsonToBinaryString(
+        resolver_.get(), GetTypeUrl(message->GetDescriptor()), json, &binary));
+    return message->ParseFromString(binary);
+  }
+
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<TypeResolver> resolver_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestWhitespaces) {
+  TestMessage m;
+  m.mutable_message_value();
+
+  JsonOptions options;
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"messageValue\":{}}", ToJson(m, options));
+  options.add_whitespace = true;
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\n"
+      " \"messageValue\": {}\n"
+      "}\n",
+      ToJson(m, options));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, TestDefaultValues) {
+  TestMessage m;
+  JsonOptions options;
+  EXPECT_EQ("{}", ToJson(m, options));
+  options.always_print_primitive_fields = true;
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "{\"boolValue\":false,"
+      "\"int32Value\":0,"
+      "\"int64Value\":\"0\","
+      "\"uint32Value\":0,"
+      "\"uint64Value\":\"0\","
+      "\"floatValue\":0,"
+      "\"doubleValue\":0,"
+      "\"stringValue\":\"\","
+      "\"bytesValue\":\"\","
+      // TODO(xiaofeng): The default enum value should be FOO. I believe
+      // this is a bug in DefaultValueObjectWriter.
+      "\"enumValue\":null"
+      "}",
+      ToJson(m, options));
+}
+
+TEST_F(JsonUtilTest, ParseMessage) {
+  // Some random message but good enough to verify that the parsing warpper
+  // functions are working properly.
+  string input =
+      "{\n"
+      "  \"int32Value\": 1024,\n"
+      "  \"repeatedInt32Value\": [1, 2],\n"
+      "  \"messageValue\": {\n"
+      "    \"value\": 2048\n"
+      "  },\n"
+      "  \"repeatedMessageValue\": [\n"
+      "    {\"value\": 40}, {\"value\": 96}\n"
+      "  ]\n"
+      "}\n";
+  TestMessage m;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(FromJson(input, &m));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1024, m.int32_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, m.repeated_int32_value_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, m.repeated_int32_value(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, m.repeated_int32_value(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2048, m.message_value().value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, m.repeated_message_value_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(40, m.repeated_message_value(0).value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(96, m.repeated_message_value(1).value());
+}
+
+typedef pair<char*, int> Segment;
+// A ZeroCopyOutputStream that writes to multiple buffers.
+class SegmentedZeroCopyOutputStream : public io::ZeroCopyOutputStream {
+ public:
+  explicit SegmentedZeroCopyOutputStream(list<Segment> segments)
+      : segments_(segments), last_segment_(NULL, 0), byte_count_(0) {}
+
+  virtual bool Next(void** buffer, int* length) {
+    if (segments_.empty()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    last_segment_ = segments_.front();
+    segments_.pop_front();
+    *buffer = last_segment_.first;
+    *length = last_segment_.second;
+    byte_count_ += *length;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  virtual void BackUp(int length) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(length <= last_segment_.second);
+    segments_.push_front(
+        Segment(last_segment_.first + last_segment_.second - length, length));
+    last_segment_ = Segment(last_segment_.first, last_segment_.second - length);
+    byte_count_ -= length;
+  }
+
+  virtual int64 ByteCount() const { return byte_count_; }
+
+ private:
+  list<Segment> segments_;
+  Segment last_segment_;
+  int64 byte_count_;
+};
+
+// This test splits the output buffer and also the input data into multiple
+// segments and checks that the implementation of ZeroCopyStreamByteSink
+// handles all possible cases correctly.
+TEST(ZeroCopyStreamByteSinkTest, TestAllInputOutputPatterns) {
+  static const int kOutputBufferLength = 10;
+  // An exhaustive test takes too long, skip some combinations to make the test
+  // run faster.
+  static const int kSkippedPatternCount = 7;
+
+  char buffer[kOutputBufferLength];
+  for (int split_pattern = 0; split_pattern < (1 << (kOutputBufferLength - 1));
+       split_pattern += kSkippedPatternCount) {
+    // Split the buffer into small segments according to the split_pattern.
+    list<Segment> segments;
+    int segment_start = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kOutputBufferLength - 1; ++i) {
+      if (split_pattern & (1 << i)) {
+        segments.push_back(
+            Segment(buffer + segment_start, i - segment_start + 1));
+        segment_start = i + 1;
+      }
+    }
+    segments.push_back(
+        Segment(buffer + segment_start, kOutputBufferLength - segment_start));
+
+    // Write exactly 10 bytes through the ByteSink.
+    string input_data = "0123456789";
+    for (int input_pattern = 0; input_pattern < (1 << (input_data.size() - 1));
+         input_pattern += kSkippedPatternCount) {
+      memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
+      {
+        SegmentedZeroCopyOutputStream output_stream(segments);
+        internal::ZeroCopyStreamByteSink byte_sink(&output_stream);
+        int start = 0;
+        for (int j = 0; j < input_data.length() - 1; ++j) {
+          if (input_pattern & (1 << j)) {
+            byte_sink.Append(&input_data[start], j - start + 1);
+            start = j + 1;
+          }
+        }
+        byte_sink.Append(&input_data[start], input_data.length() - start);
+      }
+      EXPECT_EQ(input_data, string(buffer, input_data.length()));
+    }
+
+    // Write only 9 bytes through the ByteSink.
+    input_data = "012345678";
+    for (int input_pattern = 0; input_pattern < (1 << (input_data.size() - 1));
+         input_pattern += kSkippedPatternCount) {
+      memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
+      {
+        SegmentedZeroCopyOutputStream output_stream(segments);
+        internal::ZeroCopyStreamByteSink byte_sink(&output_stream);
+        int start = 0;
+        for (int j = 0; j < input_data.length() - 1; ++j) {
+          if (input_pattern & (1 << j)) {
+            byte_sink.Append(&input_data[start], j - start + 1);
+            start = j + 1;
+          }
+        }
+        byte_sink.Append(&input_data[start], input_data.length() - start);
+      }
+      EXPECT_EQ(input_data, string(buffer, input_data.length()));
+      EXPECT_EQ(0, buffer[input_data.length()]);
+    }
+
+    // Write 11 bytes through the ByteSink. The extra byte will just
+    // be ignored.
+    input_data = "0123456789A";
+    for (int input_pattern = 0; input_pattern < (1 << (input_data.size() - 1));
+         input_pattern += kSkippedPatternCount) {
+      memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
+      {
+        SegmentedZeroCopyOutputStream output_stream(segments);
+        internal::ZeroCopyStreamByteSink byte_sink(&output_stream);
+        int start = 0;
+        for (int j = 0; j < input_data.length() - 1; ++j) {
+          if (input_pattern & (1 << j)) {
+            byte_sink.Append(&input_data[start], j - start + 1);
+            start = j + 1;
+          }
+        }
+        byte_sink.Append(&input_data[start], input_data.length() - start);
+      }
+      EXPECT_EQ(input_data.substr(0, kOutputBufferLength),
+                string(buffer, kOutputBufferLength));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..057b414a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1629 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jschorr@google.com (Joseph Schorr)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file defines static methods and classes for comparing Protocol
+// Messages (see //google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h for more
+// information).
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/any.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace util {
+
+// When comparing a repeated field as map, MultipleFieldMapKeyComparator can
+// be used to specify multiple fields as key for key comparison.
+// Two elements of a repeated field will be regarded as having the same key
+// iff they have the same value for every specified key field.
+// Note that you can also specify only one field as key.
+class MessageDifferencer::MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator
+    : public MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator {
+ public:
+  MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator(
+      MessageDifferencer* message_differencer,
+      const vector<vector<const FieldDescriptor*> >& key_field_paths)
+        : message_differencer_(message_differencer),
+          key_field_paths_(key_field_paths) {
+    GOOGLE_CHECK(!key_field_paths_.empty());
+    for (int i = 0; i < key_field_paths_.size(); ++i) {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(!key_field_paths_[i].empty());
+    }
+  }
+  MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator(
+      MessageDifferencer* message_differencer,
+      const FieldDescriptor* key)
+        : message_differencer_(message_differencer) {
+    vector<const FieldDescriptor*> key_field_path;
+    key_field_path.push_back(key);
+    key_field_paths_.push_back(key_field_path);
+  }
+  virtual bool IsMatch(
+      const Message& message1,
+      const Message& message2,
+      const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) const {
+    for (int i = 0; i < key_field_paths_.size(); ++i) {
+      if (!IsMatchInternal(message1, message2, parent_fields,
+                           key_field_paths_[i], 0)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+ private:
+  bool IsMatchInternal(
+      const Message& message1,
+      const Message& message2,
+      const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
+      const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& key_field_path,
+      int path_index) const {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = key_field_path[path_index];
+    vector<SpecificField> current_parent_fields(parent_fields);
+    if (path_index == key_field_path.size() - 1) {
+      if (field->is_repeated()) {
+        if (!message_differencer_->CompareRepeatedField(
+            message1, message2, field, &current_parent_fields)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (!message_differencer_->CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+            message1, message2, field, -1, -1, &current_parent_fields)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+      const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+      bool has_field1 = reflection1->HasField(message1, field);
+      bool has_field2 = reflection2->HasField(message2, field);
+      if (!has_field1 && !has_field2) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (has_field1 != has_field2) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      SpecificField specific_field;
+      specific_field.field = field;
+      current_parent_fields.push_back(specific_field);
+      return IsMatchInternal(
+          reflection1->GetMessage(message1, field),
+          reflection2->GetMessage(message2, field),
+          current_parent_fields,
+          key_field_path,
+          path_index + 1);
+    }
+  }
+  MessageDifferencer* message_differencer_;
+  vector<vector<const FieldDescriptor*> > key_field_paths_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator);
+};
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::Equals(const Message& message1,
+                                const Message& message2) {
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+
+  return differencer.Compare(message1, message2);
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(const Message& message1,
+                                    const Message& message2) {
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+
+  return differencer.Compare(message1, message2);
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquals(const Message& message1,
+                                             const Message& message2) {
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_float_comparison(
+      MessageDifferencer::APPROXIMATE);
+
+  return differencer.Compare(message1, message2);
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(const Message& message1,
+                                                 const Message& message2) {
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_float_comparison(MessageDifferencer::APPROXIMATE);
+
+  return differencer.Compare(message1, message2);
+}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+MessageDifferencer::MessageDifferencer()
+    : reporter_(NULL),
+      field_comparator_(NULL),
+      message_field_comparison_(EQUAL),
+      scope_(FULL),
+      repeated_field_comparison_(AS_LIST),
+      report_matches_(false),
+      output_string_(NULL) { }
+
+MessageDifferencer::~MessageDifferencer() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < owned_key_comparators_.size(); ++i) {
+    delete owned_key_comparators_[i];
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < ignore_criteria_.size(); ++i) {
+    delete ignore_criteria_[i];
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::set_field_comparator(FieldComparator* comparator) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(comparator) << "Field comparator can't be NULL.";
+  field_comparator_ = comparator;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::set_message_field_comparison(
+    MessageFieldComparison comparison) {
+  message_field_comparison_ = comparison;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::set_scope(Scope scope) {
+  scope_ = scope;
+}
+
+MessageDifferencer::Scope MessageDifferencer::scope() {
+  return scope_;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::set_float_comparison(FloatComparison comparison) {
+  default_field_comparator_.set_float_comparison(
+      comparison == EXACT ?
+      DefaultFieldComparator::EXACT : DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::set_repeated_field_comparison(
+    RepeatedFieldComparison comparison) {
+  repeated_field_comparison_ = comparison;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsSet(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field->is_repeated()) << "Field must be repeated: "
+                               << field->full_name();
+  const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator = GetMapKeyComparator(field);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(key_comparator == NULL)
+      << "Cannot treat this repeated field as both Map and Set for"
+      << " comparison.  Field name is: " << field->full_name();
+  set_fields_.insert(field);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsMap(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* key) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field->is_repeated()) << "Field must be repeated: "
+                               << field->full_name();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, field->cpp_type())
+      << "Field has to be message type.  Field name is: "
+      << field->full_name();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(key->containing_type() == field->message_type())
+      << key->full_name()
+      << " must be a direct subfield within the repeated field "
+      << field->full_name() << ", not " << key->containing_type()->full_name();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(set_fields_.find(field) == set_fields_.end())
+      << "Cannot treat this repeated field as both Map and Set for "
+      << "comparison.";
+  MapKeyComparator* key_comparator =
+      new MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator(this, key);
+  owned_key_comparators_.push_back(key_comparator);
+  map_field_key_comparator_[field] = key_comparator;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+    const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& key_fields) {
+  vector<vector<const FieldDescriptor*> > key_field_paths;
+  for (int i = 0; i < key_fields.size(); ++i) {
+    vector<const FieldDescriptor*> key_field_path;
+    key_field_path.push_back(key_fields[i]);
+    key_field_paths.push_back(key_field_path);
+  }
+  TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldPathsAsKey(field, key_field_paths);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldPathsAsKey(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+    const vector<vector<const FieldDescriptor*> >& key_field_paths) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field->is_repeated()) << "Field must be repeated: "
+                              << field->full_name();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, field->cpp_type())
+      << "Field has to be message type.  Field name is: "
+      << field->full_name();
+  for (int i = 0; i < key_field_paths.size(); ++i) {
+    const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& key_field_path = key_field_paths[i];
+    for (int j = 0; j < key_field_path.size(); ++j) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* parent_field =
+          j == 0 ? field : key_field_path[j - 1];
+      const FieldDescriptor* child_field = key_field_path[j];
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(child_field->containing_type() == parent_field->message_type())
+          << child_field->full_name()
+          << " must be a direct subfield within the field: "
+          << parent_field->full_name();
+      if (j != 0) {
+        GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, parent_field->cpp_type())
+            << parent_field->full_name() << " has to be of type message.";
+        GOOGLE_CHECK(!parent_field->is_repeated())
+            << parent_field->full_name() << " cannot be a repeated field.";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(set_fields_.find(field) == set_fields_.end())
+      << "Cannot treat this repeated field as both Map and Set for "
+      << "comparison.";
+  MapKeyComparator* key_comparator =
+      new MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator(this, key_field_paths);
+  owned_key_comparators_.push_back(key_comparator);
+  map_field_key_comparator_[field] = key_comparator;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::TreatAsMapUsingKeyComparator(
+    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+    const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(field->is_repeated()) << "Field must be repeated: "
+                               << field->full_name();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE, field->cpp_type())
+      << "Field has to be message type.  Field name is: "
+      << field->full_name();
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(set_fields_.find(field) == set_fields_.end())
+      << "Cannot treat this repeated field as both Map and Set for "
+      << "comparison.";
+  map_field_key_comparator_[field] = key_comparator;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::AddIgnoreCriteria(IgnoreCriteria* ignore_criteria) {
+  ignore_criteria_.push_back(ignore_criteria);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::IgnoreField(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  ignored_fields_.insert(field);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::SetFractionAndMargin(const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              double fraction, double margin) {
+  default_field_comparator_.SetFractionAndMargin(field, fraction, margin);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::ReportDifferencesToString(string* output) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(output) << "Specified output string was NULL";
+
+  output_string_ = output;
+  output_string_->clear();
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::ReportDifferencesTo(Reporter* reporter) {
+  // If an output string is set, clear it to prevent
+  // it superceding the specified reporter.
+  if (output_string_) {
+    output_string_ = NULL;
+  }
+
+  reporter_ = reporter;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::FieldBefore(const FieldDescriptor* field1,
+                                     const FieldDescriptor* field2) {
+  // Handle sentinel values (i.e. make sure NULLs are always ordered
+  // at the end of the list).
+  if (field1 == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (field2 == NULL) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Always order fields by their tag number
+  return (field1->number() < field2->number());
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::Compare(const Message& message1,
+                                 const Message& message2) {
+  vector<SpecificField> parent_fields;
+
+  bool result = false;
+
+  // Setup the internal reporter if need be.
+  if (output_string_) {
+    io::StringOutputStream output_stream(output_string_);
+    StreamReporter reporter(&output_stream);
+    reporter_ = &reporter;
+    result = Compare(message1, message2, &parent_fields);
+    reporter_ = NULL;
+  } else {
+    result = Compare(message1, message2, &parent_fields);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareWithFields(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields_arg,
+    const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields_arg) {
+  if (message1.GetDescriptor() != message2.GetDescriptor()) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Comparison between two messages with different "
+                << "descriptors.";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  vector<SpecificField> parent_fields;
+
+  bool result = false;
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> message1_fields(message1_fields_arg);
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> message2_fields(message2_fields_arg);
+
+  std::sort(message1_fields.begin(), message1_fields.end(), FieldBefore);
+  std::sort(message2_fields.begin(), message2_fields.end(), FieldBefore);
+  // Append NULL sentinel values.
+  message1_fields.push_back(NULL);
+  message2_fields.push_back(NULL);
+
+  // Setup the internal reporter if need be.
+  if (output_string_) {
+    io::StringOutputStream output_stream(output_string_);
+    StreamReporter reporter(&output_stream);
+    reporter_ = &reporter;
+    result = CompareRequestedFieldsUsingSettings(
+        message1, message2, message1_fields, message2_fields, &parent_fields);
+    reporter_ = NULL;
+  } else {
+    result = CompareRequestedFieldsUsingSettings(
+        message1, message2, message1_fields, message2_fields, &parent_fields);
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::Compare(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields) {
+  const Descriptor* descriptor1 = message1.GetDescriptor();
+  const Descriptor* descriptor2 = message2.GetDescriptor();
+  if (descriptor1 != descriptor2) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Comparison between two messages with different "
+                << "descriptors.";
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Expand google.protobuf.Any payload if possible.
+  if (descriptor1->full_name() == internal::kAnyFullTypeName) {
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Message> data1;
+    google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Message> data2;
+    if (UnpackAny(message1, &data1) && UnpackAny(message2, &data2)) {
+      return Compare(*data1, *data2, parent_fields);
+    }
+  }
+  const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+
+  // Retrieve all the set fields, including extensions.
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> message1_fields;
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> message2_fields;
+
+  reflection1->ListFields(message1, &message1_fields);
+  reflection2->ListFields(message2, &message2_fields);
+
+  // Add sentinel values to deal with the
+  // case where the number of the fields in
+  // each list are different.
+  message1_fields.push_back(NULL);
+  message2_fields.push_back(NULL);
+
+  bool unknown_compare_result = true;
+  // Ignore unknown fields in EQUIVALENT mode
+  if (message_field_comparison_ != EQUIVALENT) {
+    const google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet* unknown_field_set1 =
+        &reflection1->GetUnknownFields(message1);
+    const google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet* unknown_field_set2 =
+        &reflection2->GetUnknownFields(message2);
+    if (!CompareUnknownFields(message1, message2,
+                              *unknown_field_set1, *unknown_field_set2,
+                              parent_fields)) {
+      if (reporter_ == NULL) {
+        return false;
+      };
+      unknown_compare_result = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return CompareRequestedFieldsUsingSettings(
+      message1, message2,
+      message1_fields, message2_fields,
+      parent_fields) && unknown_compare_result;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareRequestedFieldsUsingSettings(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields,
+    const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields,
+    vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields) {
+  if (scope_ == FULL) {
+    if (message_field_comparison_ == EQUIVALENT) {
+      // We need to merge the field lists of both messages (i.e.
+      // we are merely checking for a difference in field values,
+      // rather than the addition or deletion of fields).
+      vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields_union;
+      CombineFields(message1_fields, FULL, message2_fields, FULL,
+                    &fields_union);
+      return CompareWithFieldsInternal(message1, message2, fields_union,
+                                       fields_union, parent_fields);
+    } else {
+      // Simple equality comparison, use the unaltered field lists.
+      return CompareWithFieldsInternal(message1, message2, message1_fields,
+                                       message2_fields, parent_fields);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (message_field_comparison_ == EQUIVALENT) {
+      // We use the list of fields for message1 for both messages when
+      // comparing.  This way, extra fields in message2 are ignored,
+      // and missing fields in message2 use their default value.
+      return CompareWithFieldsInternal(message1, message2, message1_fields,
+                                       message1_fields, parent_fields);
+    } else {
+      // We need to consider the full list of fields for message1
+      // but only the intersection for message2.  This way, any fields
+      // only present in message2 will be ignored, but any fields only
+      // present in message1 will be marked as a difference.
+      vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields_intersection;
+      CombineFields(message1_fields, PARTIAL, message2_fields, PARTIAL,
+                    &fields_intersection);
+      return CompareWithFieldsInternal(message1, message2, message1_fields,
+                                       fields_intersection, parent_fields);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::CombineFields(
+    const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields1,
+    Scope fields1_scope,
+    const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields2,
+    Scope fields2_scope,
+    vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* combined_fields) {
+
+  int index1 = 0;
+  int index2 = 0;
+
+  while (index1 < fields1.size() && index2 < fields2.size()) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field1 = fields1[index1];
+    const FieldDescriptor* field2 = fields2[index2];
+
+    if (FieldBefore(field1, field2)) {
+      if (fields1_scope == FULL) {
+        combined_fields->push_back(fields1[index1]);
+      }
+      ++index1;
+    } else if (FieldBefore(field2, field1)) {
+      if (fields2_scope == FULL) {
+        combined_fields->push_back(fields2[index2]);
+      }
+      ++index2;
+    } else {
+      combined_fields->push_back(fields1[index1]);
+      ++index1;
+      ++index2;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareWithFieldsInternal(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields,
+    const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields,
+    vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields) {
+  bool isDifferent = false;
+  int field_index1 = 0;
+  int field_index2 = 0;
+
+  const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+
+  while (true) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field1 = message1_fields[field_index1];
+    const FieldDescriptor* field2 = message2_fields[field_index2];
+
+    // Once we have reached sentinel values, we are done the comparison.
+    if (field1 == NULL && field2 == NULL) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // Check for differences in the field itself.
+    if (FieldBefore(field1, field2)) {
+      // Field 1 is not in the field list for message 2.
+      if (IsIgnored(message1, message2, field1, *parent_fields)) {
+        // We are ignoring field1. Report the ignore and move on to
+        // the next field in message1_fields.
+        if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+          SpecificField specific_field;
+          specific_field.field = field1;
+
+          parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+          reporter_->ReportIgnored(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+          parent_fields->pop_back();
+        }
+        ++field_index1;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+        int count = field1->is_repeated() ?
+            reflection1->FieldSize(message1, field1) : 1;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+          SpecificField specific_field;
+          specific_field.field = field1;
+          specific_field.index = field1->is_repeated() ? i : -1;
+
+          parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+          reporter_->ReportDeleted(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+          parent_fields->pop_back();
+        }
+
+        isDifferent = true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      ++field_index1;
+      continue;
+    } else if (FieldBefore(field2, field1)) {
+      // Field 2 is not in the field list for message 1.
+      if (IsIgnored(message1, message2, field2, *parent_fields)) {
+        // We are ignoring field2. Report the ignore and move on to
+        // the next field in message2_fields.
+        if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+          SpecificField specific_field;
+          specific_field.field = field2;
+
+          parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+          reporter_->ReportIgnored(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+          parent_fields->pop_back();
+        }
+        ++field_index2;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+        int count = field2->is_repeated() ?
+            reflection2->FieldSize(message2, field2) : 1;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+          SpecificField specific_field;
+          specific_field.field = field2;
+          specific_field.index = field2->is_repeated() ? i : -1;
+          specific_field.new_index = specific_field.index;
+
+          parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+          reporter_->ReportAdded(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+          parent_fields->pop_back();
+        }
+
+        isDifferent = true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      ++field_index2;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // By this point, field1 and field2 are guarenteed to point to the same
+    // field, so we can now compare the values.
+    if (IsIgnored(message1, message2, field1, *parent_fields)) {
+      // Ignore this field. Report and move on.
+      if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+        SpecificField specific_field;
+        specific_field.field = field1;
+
+        parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+        reporter_->ReportIgnored(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+        parent_fields->pop_back();
+      }
+
+      ++field_index1;
+      ++field_index2;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    bool fieldDifferent = false;
+    if (field1->is_repeated()) {
+      fieldDifferent = !CompareRepeatedField(message1, message2, field1,
+                                             parent_fields);
+      if (fieldDifferent) {
+        if (reporter_ == NULL) return false;
+        isDifferent = true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      fieldDifferent = !CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+          message1, message2, field1, -1, -1, parent_fields);
+
+      // If we have found differences, either report them or terminate if
+      // no reporter is present.
+      if (fieldDifferent && reporter_ == NULL) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (reporter_ != NULL) {
+        SpecificField specific_field;
+        specific_field.field = field1;
+        parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+        if (fieldDifferent) {
+          reporter_->ReportModified(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+          isDifferent = true;
+        } else if (report_matches_) {
+          reporter_->ReportMatched(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+        }
+        parent_fields->pop_back();
+      }
+    }
+    // Increment the field indicies.
+    ++field_index1;
+    ++field_index2;
+  }
+
+  return !isDifferent;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::IsMatch(const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
+                                 const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator,
+                                 const Message* message1,
+                                 const Message* message2,
+                                 const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
+                                 int index1, int index2) {
+  vector<SpecificField> current_parent_fields(parent_fields);
+  if (repeated_field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+        *message1, *message2, repeated_field, index1, index2,
+        &current_parent_fields);
+  }
+  // Back up the Reporter and output_string_.  They will be reset in the
+  // following code.
+  Reporter* backup_reporter = reporter_;
+  string* output_string = output_string_;
+  reporter_ = NULL;
+  output_string_ = NULL;
+  bool match;
+
+  if (key_comparator == NULL) {
+    match = CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+        *message1, *message2, repeated_field, index1, index2,
+        &current_parent_fields);
+  } else {
+    const Reflection* reflection1 = message1->GetReflection();
+    const Reflection* reflection2 = message2->GetReflection();
+    const Message& m1 =
+        reflection1->GetRepeatedMessage(*message1, repeated_field, index1);
+    const Message& m2 =
+        reflection2->GetRepeatedMessage(*message2, repeated_field, index2);
+    SpecificField specific_field;
+    specific_field.field = repeated_field;
+    current_parent_fields.push_back(specific_field);
+    match = key_comparator->IsMatch(m1, m2, current_parent_fields);
+  }
+
+  reporter_ = backup_reporter;
+  output_string_ = output_string;
+  return match;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareRepeatedField(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
+    vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields) {
+  // the input FieldDescriptor is guaranteed to be repeated field.
+  const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+  const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+  const int count1 = reflection1->FieldSize(message1, repeated_field);
+  const int count2 = reflection2->FieldSize(message2, repeated_field);
+  const bool treated_as_subset = IsTreatedAsSubset(repeated_field);
+
+  // If the field is not treated as subset and no detailed reports is needed,
+  // we do a quick check on the number of the elements to avoid unnecessary
+  // comparison.
+  if (count1 != count2 && reporter_ == NULL && !treated_as_subset) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // A match can never be found if message1 has more items than message2.
+  if (count1 > count2 && reporter_ == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // These two list are used for store the index of the correspondent
+  // element in peer repeated field.
+  vector<int> match_list1;
+  vector<int> match_list2;
+
+  // Try to match indices of the repeated fields. Return false if match fails
+  // and there's no detailed report needed.
+  if (!MatchRepeatedFieldIndices(message1, message2, repeated_field,
+                                 *parent_fields, &match_list1, &match_list2) &&
+      reporter_ == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool fieldDifferent = false;
+  SpecificField specific_field;
+  specific_field.field = repeated_field;
+
+  // At this point, we have already matched pairs of fields (with the reporting
+  // to be done later). Now to check if the paired elements are different.
+  for (int i = 0; i < count1; i++) {
+    if (match_list1[i] == -1) continue;
+    specific_field.index = i;
+    specific_field.new_index = match_list1[i];
+
+    const bool result = CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+        message1, message2, repeated_field, i, specific_field.new_index,
+        parent_fields);
+
+    // If we have found differences, either report them or terminate if
+    // no reporter is present. Note that ReportModified, ReportMoved, and
+    // ReportMatched are all mutually exclusive.
+    if (!result) {
+      if (reporter_ == NULL) return false;
+      parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+      reporter_->ReportModified(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+      parent_fields->pop_back();
+      fieldDifferent = true;
+    } else if (reporter_ != NULL &&
+               specific_field.index != specific_field.new_index) {
+      parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+      reporter_->ReportMoved(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+      parent_fields->pop_back();
+    } else if (report_matches_ && reporter_ != NULL) {
+      parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+      reporter_->ReportMatched(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+      parent_fields->pop_back();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Report any remaining additions or deletions.
+  for (int i = 0; i < count2; ++i) {
+    if (match_list2[i] != -1) continue;
+    if (!treated_as_subset) {
+      fieldDifferent = true;
+    }
+
+    if (reporter_ == NULL) continue;
+    specific_field.index = i;
+    specific_field.new_index = i;
+    parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+    reporter_->ReportAdded(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+    parent_fields->pop_back();
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < count1; ++i) {
+    if (match_list1[i] != -1) continue;
+    specific_field.index = i;
+    parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+    reporter_->ReportDeleted(message1, message2, *parent_fields);
+    parent_fields->pop_back();
+    fieldDifferent = true;
+  }
+  return !fieldDifferent;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareFieldValue(const Message& message1,
+                                           const Message& message2,
+                                           const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                           int index1,
+                                           int index2) {
+  return CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(message1, message2, field, index1,
+                                            index2, NULL);
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, int index1, int index2,
+    vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields) {
+  FieldContext field_context(parent_fields);
+  FieldComparator::ComparisonResult result = GetFieldComparisonResult(
+      message1, message2, field, index1, index2, &field_context);
+
+  if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      result == FieldComparator::RECURSE) {
+    // Get the nested messages and compare them using one of the Compare
+    // methods.
+    const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+    const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+    const Message& m1 = field->is_repeated() ?
+        reflection1->GetRepeatedMessage(message1, field, index1) :
+        reflection1->GetMessage(message1, field);
+    const Message& m2 = field->is_repeated() ?
+        reflection2->GetRepeatedMessage(message2, field, index2) :
+        reflection2->GetMessage(message2, field);
+
+    // parent_fields is used in calls to Reporter methods.
+    if (parent_fields != NULL) {
+      // Append currently compared field to the end of parent_fields.
+      SpecificField specific_field;
+      specific_field.field = field;
+      specific_field.index = index1;
+      specific_field.new_index = index2;
+      parent_fields->push_back(specific_field);
+      const bool compare_result = Compare(m1, m2, parent_fields);
+      parent_fields->pop_back();
+      return compare_result;
+    } else {
+      // Recreates parent_fields as if m1 and m2 had no parents.
+      return Compare(m1, m2);
+    }
+  } else {
+    return (result == FieldComparator::SAME);
+  }
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CheckPathChanged(
+    const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_path.size(); ++i) {
+    if (field_path[i].index != field_path[i].new_index) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::IsTreatedAsSet(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (!field->is_repeated()) return false;
+  if (field->is_map()) return true;
+  if (repeated_field_comparison_ == AS_SET) return true;
+  return (set_fields_.find(field) != set_fields_.end());
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::IsTreatedAsSubset(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return scope_ == PARTIAL &&
+      (IsTreatedAsSet(field) || GetMapKeyComparator(field) != NULL);
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::IsIgnored(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+    const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) {
+  if (ignored_fields_.find(field) != ignored_fields_.end()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < ignore_criteria_.size(); ++i) {
+    if (ignore_criteria_[i]->IsIgnored(message1, message2, field,
+                                       parent_fields)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+const MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator* MessageDifferencer
+    ::GetMapKeyComparator(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (!field->is_repeated()) return NULL;
+  if (map_field_key_comparator_.find(field) !=
+      map_field_key_comparator_.end()) {
+    return map_field_key_comparator_[field];
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+typedef pair<int, const UnknownField*> IndexUnknownFieldPair;
+
+struct UnknownFieldOrdering {
+  inline bool operator()(const IndexUnknownFieldPair& a,
+                         const IndexUnknownFieldPair& b) const {
+    if (a.second->number() < b.second->number()) return true;
+    if (a.second->number() > b.second->number()) return false;
+    return a.second->type() < b.second->type();
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::UnpackAny(const Message& any,
+                                   google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Message>* data) {
+  const Reflection* reflection = any.GetReflection();
+  const FieldDescriptor* type_url_field;
+  const FieldDescriptor* value_field;
+  if (!internal::GetAnyFieldDescriptors(any, &type_url_field, &value_field)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const string& type_url = reflection->GetString(any, type_url_field);
+  string full_type_name;
+  if (!internal::ParseAnyTypeUrl(type_url, &full_type_name)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const google::protobuf::Descriptor* desc =
+      any.GetDescriptor()->file()->pool()->FindMessageTypeByName(
+          full_type_name);
+  if (desc == NULL) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Proto type '" << full_type_name << "' not found";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (dynamic_message_factory_ == NULL) {
+    dynamic_message_factory_.reset(new DynamicMessageFactory());
+  }
+  data->reset(dynamic_message_factory_->GetPrototype(desc)->New());
+  string serialized_value = reflection->GetString(any, value_field);
+  if (!(*data)->ParseFromString(serialized_value)) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse value for " << full_type_name;
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::CompareUnknownFields(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_field_set1,
+    const google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_field_set2,
+    vector<SpecificField>* parent_field) {
+  // Ignore unknown fields in EQUIVALENT mode.
+  if (message_field_comparison_ == EQUIVALENT) return true;
+
+  if (unknown_field_set1.empty() && unknown_field_set2.empty()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool is_different = false;
+
+  // We first sort the unknown fields by field number and type (in other words,
+  // in tag order), making sure to preserve ordering of values with the same
+  // tag.  This allows us to report only meaningful differences between the
+  // two sets -- that is, differing values for the same tag.  We use
+  // IndexUnknownFieldPairs to keep track of the field's original index for
+  // reporting purposes.
+  vector<IndexUnknownFieldPair> fields1;  // unknown_field_set1, sorted
+  vector<IndexUnknownFieldPair> fields2;  // unknown_field_set2, sorted
+  fields1.reserve(unknown_field_set1.field_count());
+  fields2.reserve(unknown_field_set2.field_count());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < unknown_field_set1.field_count(); i++) {
+    fields1.push_back(std::make_pair(i, &unknown_field_set1.field(i)));
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < unknown_field_set2.field_count(); i++) {
+    fields2.push_back(std::make_pair(i, &unknown_field_set2.field(i)));
+  }
+
+  UnknownFieldOrdering is_before;
+  std::stable_sort(fields1.begin(), fields1.end(), is_before);
+  std::stable_sort(fields2.begin(), fields2.end(), is_before);
+
+  // In order to fill in SpecificField::index, we have to keep track of how
+  // many values we've seen with the same field number and type.
+  // current_repeated points at the first field in this range, and
+  // current_repeated_start{1,2} are the indexes of the first field in the
+  // range within fields1 and fields2.
+  const UnknownField* current_repeated = NULL;
+  int current_repeated_start1 = 0;
+  int current_repeated_start2 = 0;
+
+  // Now that we have two sorted lists, we can detect fields which appear only
+  // in one list or the other by traversing them simultaneously.
+  int index1 = 0;
+  int index2 = 0;
+  while (index1 < fields1.size() || index2 < fields2.size()) {
+    enum { ADDITION, DELETION, MODIFICATION, COMPARE_GROUPS,
+      NO_CHANGE } change_type;
+
+    // focus_field is the field we're currently reporting on.  (In the case
+    // of a modification, it's the field on the left side.)
+    const UnknownField* focus_field;
+    bool match = false;
+
+    if (index2 == fields2.size() ||
+        (index1 < fields1.size() &&
+          is_before(fields1[index1], fields2[index2]))) {
+      // fields1[index1] is not present in fields2.
+      change_type = DELETION;
+      focus_field = fields1[index1].second;
+    } else if (index1 == fields1.size() ||
+               is_before(fields2[index2], fields1[index1])) {
+      // fields2[index2] is not present in fields1.
+      if (scope_ == PARTIAL) {
+        // Ignore.
+        ++index2;
+        continue;
+      }
+      change_type = ADDITION;
+      focus_field = fields2[index2].second;
+    } else {
+      // Field type and number are the same.  See if the values differ.
+      change_type = MODIFICATION;
+      focus_field = fields1[index1].second;
+
+      switch (focus_field->type()) {
+        case UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT:
+          match = fields1[index1].second->varint() ==
+                  fields2[index2].second->varint();
+          break;
+        case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED32:
+          match = fields1[index1].second->fixed32() ==
+                  fields2[index2].second->fixed32();
+          break;
+        case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED64:
+          match = fields1[index1].second->fixed64() ==
+                  fields2[index2].second->fixed64();
+          break;
+        case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          match = fields1[index1].second->length_delimited() ==
+                  fields2[index2].second->length_delimited();
+          break;
+        case UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP:
+          // We must deal with this later, after building the SpecificField.
+          change_type = COMPARE_GROUPS;
+          break;
+      }
+      if (match && change_type != COMPARE_GROUPS) {
+        change_type = NO_CHANGE;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (current_repeated == NULL ||
+        focus_field->number() != current_repeated->number() ||
+        focus_field->type() != current_repeated->type()) {
+      // We've started a new repeated field.
+      current_repeated = focus_field;
+      current_repeated_start1 = index1;
+      current_repeated_start2 = index2;
+    }
+
+    if (change_type == NO_CHANGE && reporter_ == NULL) {
+      // Fields were already compared and matched and we have no reporter.
+      ++index1;
+      ++index2;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (change_type == ADDITION || change_type == DELETION ||
+        change_type == MODIFICATION) {
+      if (reporter_ == NULL) {
+        // We found a difference and we have no reproter.
+        return false;
+      }
+      is_different = true;
+    }
+
+    // Build the SpecificField.  This is slightly complicated.
+    SpecificField specific_field;
+    specific_field.unknown_field_number = focus_field->number();
+    specific_field.unknown_field_type = focus_field->type();
+
+    specific_field.unknown_field_set1 = &unknown_field_set1;
+    specific_field.unknown_field_set2 = &unknown_field_set2;
+
+    if (change_type != ADDITION) {
+      specific_field.unknown_field_index1 = fields1[index1].first;
+    }
+    if (change_type != DELETION) {
+      specific_field.unknown_field_index2 = fields2[index2].first;
+    }
+
+    // Calculate the field index.
+    if (change_type == ADDITION) {
+      specific_field.index = index2 - current_repeated_start2;
+      specific_field.new_index = index2 - current_repeated_start2;
+    } else {
+      specific_field.index = index1 - current_repeated_start1;
+      specific_field.new_index = index2 - current_repeated_start2;
+    }
+
+    parent_field->push_back(specific_field);
+
+    switch (change_type) {
+      case ADDITION:
+        reporter_->ReportAdded(message1, message2, *parent_field);
+        ++index2;
+        break;
+      case DELETION:
+        reporter_->ReportDeleted(message1, message2, *parent_field);
+        ++index1;
+        break;
+      case MODIFICATION:
+        reporter_->ReportModified(message1, message2, *parent_field);
+        ++index1;
+        ++index2;
+        break;
+      case COMPARE_GROUPS:
+        if (!CompareUnknownFields(message1, message2,
+                                  fields1[index1].second->group(),
+                                  fields2[index2].second->group(),
+                                  parent_field)) {
+          if (reporter_ == NULL) return false;
+          is_different = true;
+          reporter_->ReportModified(message1, message2, *parent_field);
+        }
+        ++index1;
+        ++index2;
+        break;
+      case NO_CHANGE:
+        ++index1;
+        ++index2;
+        if (report_matches_) {
+          reporter_->ReportMatched(message1, message2, *parent_field);
+        }
+    }
+
+    parent_field->pop_back();
+  }
+
+  return !is_different;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Find maximum bipartite matching using the argumenting path algorithm.
+class MaximumMatcher {
+ public:
+  typedef ResultCallback2<bool, int, int> NodeMatchCallback;
+  // MaximumMatcher takes ownership of the passed in callback and uses it to
+  // determine whether a node on the left side of the bipartial graph matches
+  // a node on the right side. count1 is the number of nodes on the left side
+  // of the graph and count2 to is the number of nodes on the right side.
+  // Every node is referred to using 0-based indices.
+  // If a maximum match is found, the result will be stored in match_list1 and
+  // match_list2. match_list1[i] == j means the i-th node on the left side is
+  // matched to the j-th node on the right side and match_list2[x] == y means
+  // the x-th node on the right side is matched to y-th node on the left side.
+  // match_list1[i] == -1 means the node is not matched. Same with match_list2.
+  MaximumMatcher(int count1, int count2, NodeMatchCallback* callback,
+                 vector<int>* match_list1, vector<int>* match_list2);
+  // Find a maximum match and return the number of matched node pairs.
+  // If early_return is true, this method will return 0 immediately when it
+  // finds that not all nodes on the left side can be matched.
+  int FindMaximumMatch(bool early_return);
+ private:
+  // Determines whether the node on the left side of the bipartial graph
+  // matches the one on the right side.
+  bool Match(int left, int right);
+  // Find an argumenting path starting from the node v on the left side. If a
+  // path can be found, update match_list2_ to reflect the path and return
+  // true.
+  bool FindArgumentPathDFS(int v, vector<bool>* visited);
+
+  int count1_;
+  int count2_;
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<NodeMatchCallback> match_callback_;
+  map<pair<int, int>, bool> cached_match_results_;
+  vector<int>* match_list1_;
+  vector<int>* match_list2_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MaximumMatcher);
+};
+
+MaximumMatcher::MaximumMatcher(int count1, int count2,
+                               NodeMatchCallback* callback,
+                               vector<int>* match_list1,
+                               vector<int>* match_list2)
+    : count1_(count1), count2_(count2), match_callback_(callback),
+      match_list1_(match_list1), match_list2_(match_list2) {
+  match_list1_->assign(count1, -1);
+  match_list2_->assign(count2, -1);
+}
+
+int MaximumMatcher::FindMaximumMatch(bool early_return) {
+  int result = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < count1_; ++i) {
+    vector<bool> visited(count1_);
+    if (FindArgumentPathDFS(i, &visited)) {
+      ++result;
+    } else if (early_return) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+  // Backfill match_list1_ as we only filled match_list2_ when finding
+  // argumenting pathes.
+  for (int i = 0; i < count2_; ++i) {
+    if ((*match_list2_)[i] != -1) {
+      (*match_list1_)[(*match_list2_)[i]] = i;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool MaximumMatcher::Match(int left, int right) {
+  pair<int, int> p(left, right);
+  map<pair<int, int>, bool>::iterator it = cached_match_results_.find(p);
+  if (it != cached_match_results_.end()) {
+    return it->second;
+  }
+  cached_match_results_[p] = match_callback_->Run(left, right);
+  return cached_match_results_[p];
+}
+
+bool MaximumMatcher::FindArgumentPathDFS(int v, vector<bool>* visited) {
+  (*visited)[v] = true;
+  // We try to match those un-matched nodes on the right side first. This is
+  // the step that the navie greedy matching algorithm uses. In the best cases
+  // where the greedy algorithm can find a maximum matching, we will always
+  // find a match in this step and the performance will be identical to the
+  // greedy algorithm.
+  for (int i = 0; i < count2_; ++i) {
+    int matched = (*match_list2_)[i];
+    if (matched == -1 && Match(v, i)) {
+      (*match_list2_)[i] = v;
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  // Then we try those already matched nodes and see if we can find an
+  // alternaive match for the node matched to them.
+  // The greedy algorithm will stop before this and fail to produce the
+  // correct result.
+  for (int i = 0; i < count2_; ++i) {
+    int matched = (*match_list2_)[i];
+    if (matched != -1 && Match(v, i)) {
+      if (!(*visited)[matched] && FindArgumentPathDFS(matched, visited)) {
+        (*match_list2_)[i] = v;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool MessageDifferencer::MatchRepeatedFieldIndices(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
+    const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
+    vector<int>* match_list1,
+    vector<int>* match_list2) {
+  const int count1 =
+      message1.GetReflection()->FieldSize(message1, repeated_field);
+  const int count2 =
+      message2.GetReflection()->FieldSize(message2, repeated_field);
+  const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator = GetMapKeyComparator(repeated_field);
+
+  match_list1->assign(count1, -1);
+  match_list2->assign(count2, -1);
+
+  SpecificField specific_field;
+  specific_field.field = repeated_field;
+
+  bool success = true;
+  // Find potential match if this is a special repeated field.
+  if (key_comparator != NULL || IsTreatedAsSet(repeated_field)) {
+    if (scope_ == PARTIAL) {
+      // When partial matching is enabled, Compare(a, b) && Compare(a, c)
+      // doesn't neccessarily imply Compare(b, c). Therefore a naive greedy
+      // algorithm will fail to find a maximum matching.
+      // Here we use the argumenting path algorithm.
+      MaximumMatcher::NodeMatchCallback* callback = NewPermanentCallback(
+          this, &MessageDifferencer::IsMatch, repeated_field, key_comparator,
+          &message1, &message2, parent_fields);
+      MaximumMatcher matcher(count1, count2, callback, match_list1,
+                             match_list2);
+      // If diff info is not needed, we should end the matching process as
+      // soon as possible if not all items can be matched.
+      bool early_return = (reporter_ == NULL);
+      int match_count = matcher.FindMaximumMatch(early_return);
+      if (match_count != count1 && reporter_ == NULL) return false;
+      success = success && (match_count == count1);
+    } else {
+      for (int i = 0; i < count1; ++i) {
+        // Indicates any matched elements for this repeated field.
+        bool match = false;
+
+        specific_field.index = i;
+        specific_field.new_index = i;
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < count2; j++) {
+          if (match_list2->at(j) != -1) continue;
+          specific_field.index = i;
+          specific_field.new_index = j;
+
+          match = IsMatch(repeated_field, key_comparator,
+                          &message1, &message2, parent_fields, i, j);
+
+          if (match) {
+            match_list1->at(specific_field.index) = specific_field.new_index;
+            match_list2->at(specific_field.new_index) = specific_field.index;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        if (!match && reporter_ == NULL) return false;
+        success = success && match;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    // If this field should be treated as list, just label the match_list.
+    for (int i = 0; i < count1 && i < count2; i++) {
+      match_list1->at(i) = i;
+      match_list2->at(i) = i;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return success;
+}
+
+FieldComparator::ComparisonResult MessageDifferencer::GetFieldComparisonResult(
+    const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, int index1, int index2,
+    const FieldContext* field_context) {
+  FieldComparator* comparator = field_comparator_ != NULL ?
+      field_comparator_ : &default_field_comparator_;
+  return comparator->Compare(message1, message2, field,
+                             index1, index2, field_context);
+}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+MessageDifferencer::Reporter::Reporter() { }
+MessageDifferencer::Reporter::~Reporter() {}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator::MapKeyComparator() {}
+MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator::~MapKeyComparator() {}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+MessageDifferencer::IgnoreCriteria::IgnoreCriteria() {}
+MessageDifferencer::IgnoreCriteria::~IgnoreCriteria() {}
+
+// ===========================================================================
+
+// Note that the printer's delimiter is not used, because if we are given a
+// printer, we don't know its delimiter.
+MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::StreamReporter(
+    io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output) : printer_(new io::Printer(output, '$')),
+                                        delete_printer_(true),
+                                        report_modified_aggregates_(false) { }
+
+MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::StreamReporter(
+    io::Printer* printer) : printer_(printer),
+                            delete_printer_(false),
+                            report_modified_aggregates_(false) { }
+
+MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::~StreamReporter() {
+  if (delete_printer_) delete printer_;
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::PrintPath(
+    const vector<SpecificField>& field_path, bool left_side) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_path.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i > 0) {
+      printer_->Print(".");
+    }
+
+    SpecificField specific_field = field_path[i];
+
+    if (specific_field.field != NULL) {
+      if (specific_field.field->is_extension()) {
+        printer_->Print("($name$)", "name",
+                        specific_field.field->full_name());
+      } else {
+        printer_->PrintRaw(specific_field.field->name());
+      }
+    } else {
+      printer_->PrintRaw(SimpleItoa(specific_field.unknown_field_number));
+    }
+    if (left_side && specific_field.index >= 0) {
+      printer_->Print("[$name$]", "name", SimpleItoa(specific_field.index));
+    }
+    if (!left_side && specific_field.new_index >= 0) {
+      printer_->Print("[$name$]", "name", SimpleItoa(specific_field.new_index));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::
+StreamReporter::PrintValue(const Message& message,
+                           const vector<SpecificField>& field_path,
+                           bool left_side) {
+  const SpecificField& specific_field = field_path.back();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = specific_field.field;
+  if (field != NULL) {
+    string output;
+    int index = left_side ? specific_field.index : specific_field.new_index;
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      const Reflection* reflection = message.GetReflection();
+      const Message& field_message = field->is_repeated() ?
+          reflection->GetRepeatedMessage(message, field, index) :
+          reflection->GetMessage(message, field);
+      output = field_message.ShortDebugString();
+      if (output.empty()) {
+        printer_->Print("{ }");
+      } else {
+        printer_->Print("{ $name$ }", "name", output);
+      }
+    } else {
+      TextFormat::PrintFieldValueToString(message, field, index, &output);
+      printer_->PrintRaw(output);
+    }
+  } else {
+    const UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields =
+        (left_side ?
+         specific_field.unknown_field_set1 :
+         specific_field.unknown_field_set2);
+    const UnknownField* unknown_field = &unknown_fields->field(
+        left_side ?
+        specific_field.unknown_field_index1 :
+        specific_field.unknown_field_index2);
+    PrintUnknownFieldValue(unknown_field);
+  }
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::
+StreamReporter::PrintUnknownFieldValue(const UnknownField* unknown_field) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(unknown_field != NULL) << " Cannot print NULL unknown_field.";
+
+  string output;
+  switch (unknown_field->type()) {
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_VARINT:
+      output = SimpleItoa(unknown_field->varint());
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED32:
+      output = StrCat("0x", strings::Hex(unknown_field->fixed32(),
+                                         strings::ZERO_PAD_8));
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_FIXED64:
+      output = StrCat("0x", strings::Hex(unknown_field->fixed64(),
+                                         strings::ZERO_PAD_16));
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+      output = StringPrintf("\"%s\"",
+          CEscape(unknown_field->length_delimited()).c_str());
+      break;
+    case UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP:
+      // TODO(kenton):  Print the contents of the group like we do for
+      //   messages.  Requires an equivalent of ShortDebugString() for
+      //   UnknownFieldSet.
+      output = "{ ... }";
+      break;
+  }
+  printer_->PrintRaw(output);
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::Print(const string& str) {
+  printer_->Print(str.c_str());
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportAdded(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  printer_->Print("added: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, false);
+  printer_->Print(": ");
+  PrintValue(message2, field_path, false);
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines.
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportDeleted(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  printer_->Print("deleted: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, true);
+  printer_->Print(": ");
+  PrintValue(message1, field_path, true);
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportModified(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  if (!report_modified_aggregates_ && field_path.back().field == NULL) {
+    if (field_path.back().unknown_field_type == UnknownField::TYPE_GROUP) {
+      // Any changes to the subfields have already been printed.
+      return;
+    }
+  } else if (!report_modified_aggregates_) {
+    if (field_path.back().field->cpp_type() ==
+        FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      // Any changes to the subfields have already been printed.
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  printer_->Print("modified: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, true);
+  if (CheckPathChanged(field_path)) {
+    printer_->Print(" -> ");
+    PrintPath(field_path, false);
+  }
+  printer_->Print(": ");
+  PrintValue(message1, field_path, true);
+  printer_->Print(" -> ");
+  PrintValue(message2, field_path, false);
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines.
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportMoved(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  printer_->Print("moved: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, true);
+  printer_->Print(" -> ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, false);
+  printer_->Print(" : ");
+  PrintValue(message1, field_path, true);
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines.
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportMatched(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  printer_->Print("matched: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, true);
+  if (CheckPathChanged(field_path)) {
+    printer_->Print(" -> ");
+    PrintPath(field_path, false);
+  }
+  printer_->Print(" : ");
+  PrintValue(message1, field_path, true);
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines.
+}
+
+void MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter::ReportIgnored(
+    const Message& message1,
+    const Message& message2,
+    const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {
+  printer_->Print("ignored: ");
+  PrintPath(field_path, true);
+  if (CheckPathChanged(field_path)) {
+    printer_->Print(" -> ");
+    PrintPath(field_path, false);
+  }
+  printer_->Print("\n");  // Print for newlines.
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e002a0f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,808 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jschorr@google.com (Joseph Schorr)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file defines static methods and classes for comparing Protocol
+// Messages.
+//
+// Aug. 2008: Added Unknown Fields Comparison for messages.
+// Aug. 2009: Added different options to compare repeated fields.
+// Apr. 2010: Moved field comparison to FieldComparator.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_MESSAGE_DIFFERENCER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_MESSAGE_DIFFERENCER_H__
+
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>  // FieldDescriptor
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>  // Message
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class DynamicMessageFactory;
+class FieldDescriptor;
+
+namespace io {
+class ZeroCopyOutputStream;
+class Printer;
+}
+
+namespace util {
+
+class FieldContext;  // declared below MessageDifferencer
+
+// A basic differencer that can be used to determine
+// the differences between two specified Protocol Messages. If any differences
+// are found, the Compare method will return false, and any differencer reporter
+// specified via ReportDifferencesTo will have its reporting methods called (see
+// below for implementation of the report). Based off of the original
+// ProtocolDifferencer implementation in //net/proto/protocol-differencer.h
+// (Thanks Todd!).
+//
+// MessageDifferencer REQUIRES that compared messages be the same type, defined
+// as messages that share the same descriptor.  If not, the behavior of this
+// class is undefined.
+//
+// People disagree on what MessageDifferencer should do when asked to compare
+// messages with different descriptors.  Some people think it should always
+// return false.  Others expect it to try to look for similar fields and
+// compare them anyway -- especially if the descriptors happen to be identical.
+// If we chose either of these behaviors, some set of people would find it
+// surprising, and could end up writing code expecting the other behavior
+// without realizing their error.  Therefore, we forbid that usage.
+//
+// This class is implemented based on the proto2 reflection. The performance
+// should be good enough for normal usages. However, for places where the
+// performance is extremely sensitive, there are several alternatives:
+// - Comparing serialized string
+// Downside: false negatives (there are messages that are the same but their
+// serialized strings are different).
+// - Equals code generator by compiler plugin (net/proto2/contrib/equals_plugin)
+// Downside: more generated code; maintenance overhead for the additional rule
+// (must be in sync with the original proto_library).
+//
+// Note on handling of google.protobuf.Any: MessageDifferencer automatically
+// unpacks Any::value into a Message and compares its individual fields.
+// Messages encoded in a repeated Any cannot be compared using TreatAsMap.
+//
+//
+// Note on thread-safety: MessageDifferencer is *not* thread-safe. You need to
+// guard it with a lock to use the same MessageDifferencer instance from
+// multiple threads. Note that it's fine to call static comparison methods
+// (like MessageDifferencer::Equals) concurrently.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
+ public:
+  // Determines whether the supplied messages are equal. Equality is defined as
+  // all fields within the two messages being set to the same value. Primitive
+  // fields and strings are compared by value while embedded messages/groups
+  // are compared as if via a recursive call. Use IgnoreField() and Compare()
+  // if some fields should be ignored in the comparison.
+  //
+  // This method REQUIRES that the two messages have the same
+  // Descriptor (message1.GetDescriptor() == message2.GetDescriptor()).
+  static bool Equals(const Message& message1, const Message& message2);
+
+  // Determines whether the supplied messages are equivalent. Equivalency is
+  // defined as all fields within the two messages having the same value. This
+  // differs from the Equals method above in that fields with default values
+  // are considered set to said value automatically. For details on how default
+  // values are defined for each field type, see http://shortn/_x2Gv6XFrWt.
+  // Also, Equivalent() ignores unknown fields. Use IgnoreField() and Compare()
+  // if some fields should be ignored in the comparison.
+  //
+  // This method REQUIRES that the two messages have the same
+  // Descriptor (message1.GetDescriptor() == message2.GetDescriptor()).
+  static bool Equivalent(const Message& message1, const Message& message2);
+
+  // Determines whether the supplied messages are approximately equal.
+  // Approximate equality is defined as all fields within the two messages
+  // being approximately equal.  Primitive (non-float) fields and strings are
+  // compared by value, floats are compared using MathUtil::AlmostEquals() and
+  // embedded messages/groups are compared as if via a recursive call. Use
+  // IgnoreField() and Compare() if some fields should be ignored in the
+  // comparison.
+  //
+  // This method REQUIRES that the two messages have the same
+  // Descriptor (message1.GetDescriptor() == message2.GetDescriptor()).
+  static bool ApproximatelyEquals(const Message& message1,
+                                  const Message& message2);
+
+  // Determines whether the supplied messages are approximately equivalent.
+  // Approximate equivalency is defined as all fields within the two messages
+  // being approximately equivalent. As in
+  // MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquals, primitive (non-float) fields and
+  // strings are compared by value, floats are compared using
+  // MathUtil::AlmostEquals() and embedded messages/groups are compared as if
+  // via a recursive call. However, fields with default values are considered
+  // set to said value, as per MessageDiffencer::Equivalent. Use IgnoreField()
+  // and Compare() if some fields should be ignored in the comparison.
+  //
+  // This method REQUIRES that the two messages have the same
+  // Descriptor (message1.GetDescriptor() == message2.GetDescriptor()).
+  static bool ApproximatelyEquivalent(const Message& message1,
+                                      const Message& message2);
+
+  // Identifies an individual field in a message instance.  Used for field_path,
+  // below.
+  struct SpecificField {
+    // For known fields, "field" is filled in and "unknown_field_number" is -1.
+    // For unknown fields, "field" is NULL, "unknown_field_number" is the field
+    // number, and "unknown_field_type" is its type.
+    const FieldDescriptor* field;
+    int unknown_field_number;
+    UnknownField::Type unknown_field_type;
+
+    // If this a repeated field, "index" is the index within it.  For unknown
+    // fields, this is the index of the field among all unknown fields of the
+    // same field number and type.
+    int index;
+
+    // If "field" is a repeated field which is being treated as a map or
+    // a set (see TreatAsMap() and TreatAsSet(), below), new_index indicates
+    // the index the position to which the element has moved.  This only
+    // applies to ReportMoved() and (in the case of TreatAsMap())
+    // ReportModified().  In all other cases, "new_index" will have the same
+    // value as "index".
+    int new_index;
+
+    // For unknown fields, these are the pointers to the UnknownFieldSet
+    // containing the unknown fields. In certain cases (e.g. proto1's
+    // MessageSet, or nested groups of unknown fields), these may differ from
+    // the messages' internal UnknownFieldSets.
+    const UnknownFieldSet* unknown_field_set1;
+    const UnknownFieldSet* unknown_field_set2;
+
+    // For unknown fields, these are the index of the field within the
+    // UnknownFieldSets. One or the other will be -1 when
+    // reporting an addition or deletion.
+    int unknown_field_index1;
+    int unknown_field_index2;
+
+    SpecificField()
+        : field(NULL),
+          unknown_field_number(-1),
+          index(-1),
+          new_index(-1),
+          unknown_field_set1(NULL),
+          unknown_field_set2(NULL),
+          unknown_field_index1(-1),
+          unknown_field_index2(-1) {}
+  };
+
+  // Abstract base class from which all MessageDifferencer
+  // reporters derive. The five Report* methods below will be called when
+  // a field has been added, deleted, modified, moved, or matched. The third
+  // argument is a vector of FieldDescriptor pointers which describes the chain
+  // of fields that was taken to find the current field. For example, for a
+  // field found in an embedded message, the vector will contain two
+  // FieldDescriptors. The first will be the field of the embedded message
+  // itself and the second will be the actual field in the embedded message
+  // that was added/deleted/modified.
+  class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Reporter {
+   public:
+    Reporter();
+    virtual ~Reporter();
+
+    // Reports that a field has been added into Message2.
+    virtual void ReportAdded(
+        const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) = 0;
+
+    // Reports that a field has been deleted from Message1.
+    virtual void ReportDeleted(
+        const Message& message1,
+        const Message& message2,
+        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) = 0;
+
+    // Reports that the value of a field has been modified.
+    virtual void ReportModified(
+        const Message& message1,
+        const Message& message2,
+        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) = 0;
+
+    // Reports that a repeated field has been moved to another location.  This
+    // only applies when using TreatAsSet or TreatAsMap()  -- see below. Also
+    // note that for any given field, ReportModified and ReportMoved are
+    // mutually exclusive. If a field has been both moved and modified, then
+    // only ReportModified will be called.
+    virtual void ReportMoved(
+        const Message& message1,
+        const Message& message2,
+        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) { }
+
+    // Reports that two fields match. Useful for doing side-by-side diffs.
+    // This function is mutually exclusive with ReportModified and ReportMoved.
+    // Note that you must call set_report_matches(true) before calling Compare
+    // to make use of this function.
+    virtual void ReportMatched(
+        const Message& message1,
+        const Message& message2,
+        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) { }
+
+    // Reports that two fields would have been compared, but the
+    // comparison has been skipped because the field was marked as
+    // 'ignored' using IgnoreField().  This function is mutually
+    // exclusive with all the other Report() functions.
+    //
+    // The contract of ReportIgnored is slightly different than the
+    // other Report() functions, in that |field_path.back().index| is
+    // always equal to -1, even if the last field is repeated. This is
+    // because while the other Report() functions indicate where in a
+    // repeated field the action (Addition, Deletion, etc...)
+    // happened, when a repeated field is 'ignored', the differencer
+    // simply calls ReportIgnored on the repeated field as a whole and
+    // moves on without looking at its individual elements.
+    //
+    // Furthermore, ReportIgnored() does not indicate whether the
+    // fields were in fact equal or not, as Compare() does not inspect
+    // these fields at all. It is up to the Reporter to decide whether
+    // the fields are equal or not (perhaps with a second call to
+    // Compare()), if it cares.
+    virtual void ReportIgnored(
+        const Message& message1,
+        const Message& message2,
+        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) { }
+
+   private:
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Reporter);
+  };
+
+  // MapKeyComparator is used to determine if two elements have the same key
+  // when comparing elements of a repeated field as a map.
+  class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MapKeyComparator {
+   public:
+    MapKeyComparator();
+    virtual ~MapKeyComparator();
+
+    virtual bool IsMatch(const Message& message1,
+                         const Message& message2,
+                         const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) const {
+      GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << "IsMatch() is not implemented.";
+      return false;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MapKeyComparator);
+  };
+
+  // Abstract base class from which all IgnoreCriteria derive.
+  // By adding IgnoreCriteria more complex ignore logic can be implemented.
+  // IgnoreCriteria are registed with AddIgnoreCriteria. For each compared
+  // field IsIgnored is called on each added IgnoreCriteria until one returns
+  // true or all return false.
+  // IsIgnored is called for fields where at least one side has a value.
+  class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT IgnoreCriteria {
+   public:
+    IgnoreCriteria();
+    virtual ~IgnoreCriteria();
+
+    // Returns true if the field should be ignored.
+    virtual bool IsIgnored(
+        const Message& message1,
+        const Message& message2,
+        const FieldDescriptor* field,
+        const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) = 0;
+  };
+
+  // To add a Reporter, construct default here, then use ReportDifferencesTo or
+  // ReportDifferencesToString.
+  explicit MessageDifferencer();
+
+  ~MessageDifferencer();
+
+  enum MessageFieldComparison {
+    EQUAL,       // Fields must be present in both messages
+                 // for the messages to be considered the same.
+    EQUIVALENT,  // Fields with default values are considered set
+                 // for comparison purposes even if not explicitly
+                 // set in the messages themselves.  Unknown fields
+                 // are ignored.
+  };
+
+  enum Scope {
+    FULL,    // All fields of both messages are considered in the comparison.
+    PARTIAL  // Only fields present in the first message are considered; fields
+             // set only in the second message will be skipped during
+             // comparison.
+  };
+
+  // DEPRECATED. Use FieldComparator::FloatComparison instead.
+  enum FloatComparison {
+    EXACT,       // Floats and doubles are compared exactly.
+    APPROXIMATE  // Floats and doubles are compared using the
+                 // MathUtil::AlmostEquals method.
+  };
+
+  enum RepeatedFieldComparison {
+    AS_LIST,     // Repeated fields are compared in order.  Differing values at
+                 // the same index are reported using ReportModified().  If the
+                 // repeated fields have different numbers of elements, the
+                 // unpaired elements are reported using ReportAdded() or
+                 // ReportDeleted().
+    AS_SET,      // Treat all the repeated fields as sets by default.
+                 // See TreatAsSet(), as below.
+  };
+
+  // The elements of the given repeated field will be treated as a set for
+  // diffing purposes, so different orderings of the same elements will be
+  // considered equal.  Elements which are present on both sides of the
+  // comparison but which have changed position will be reported with
+  // ReportMoved().  Elements which only exist on one side or the other are
+  // reported with ReportAdded() and ReportDeleted() regardless of their
+  // positions.  ReportModified() is never used for this repeated field.  If
+  // the only differences between the compared messages is that some fields
+  // have been moved, then the comparison returns true.
+  //
+  // If the scope of comparison is set to PARTIAL, then in addition to what's
+  // above, extra values added to repeated fields of the second message will
+  // not cause the comparison to fail.
+  //
+  // Note that set comparison is currently O(k * n^2) (where n is the total
+  // number of elements, and k is the average size of each element). In theory
+  // it could be made O(n * k) with a more complex hashing implementation. Feel
+  // free to contribute one if the current implementation is too slow for you.
+  // If partial matching is also enabled, the time complexity will be O(k * n^2
+  // + n^3) in which n^3 is the time complexity of the maximum matching
+  // algorithm.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES:  field->is_repeated()
+  void TreatAsSet(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // The elements of the given repeated field will be treated as a map for
+  // diffing purposes, with |key| being the map key.  Thus, elements with the
+  // same key will be compared even if they do not appear at the same index.
+  // Differences are reported similarly to TreatAsSet(), except that
+  // ReportModified() is used to report elements with the same key but
+  // different values.  Note that if an element is both moved and modified,
+  // only ReportModified() will be called.  As with TreatAsSet, if the only
+  // differences between the compared messages is that some fields have been
+  // moved, then the comparison returns true. See TreatAsSet for notes on
+  // performance.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES:  field->is_repeated()
+  // REQUIRES:  field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+  // REQUIRES:  key->containing_type() == field->message_type()
+  void TreatAsMap(const FieldDescriptor* field, const FieldDescriptor* key);
+  // Same as TreatAsMap except that this method will use multiple fields as
+  // the key in comparison. All specified fields in 'key_fields' should be
+  // present in the compared elements. Two elements will be treated as having
+  // the same key iff they have the same value for every specified field. There
+  // are two steps in the comparison process. The first one is key matching.
+  // Every element from one message will be compared to every element from
+  // the other message. Only fields in 'key_fields' are compared in this step
+  // to decide if two elements have the same key. The second step is value
+  // comparison. Those pairs of elements with the same key (with equal value
+  // for every field in 'key_fields') will be compared in this step.
+  // Time complexity of the first step is O(s * m * n ^ 2) where s is the
+  // average size of the fields specified in 'key_fields', m is the number of
+  // fields in 'key_fields' and n is the number of elements. If partial
+  // matching is enabled, an extra O(n^3) will be incured by the maximum
+  // matching algorithm. The second step is O(k * n) where k is the average
+  // size of each element.
+  void TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+      const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& key_fields);
+  // Same as TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey, except that each of the field
+  // do not necessarily need to be a direct subfield. Each element in
+  // key_field_paths indicate a path from the message being compared, listing
+  // successive subfield to reach the key field.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES:
+  //   for key_field_path in key_field_paths:
+  //     key_field_path[0]->containing_type() == field->message_type()
+  //     for i in [0, key_field_path.size() - 1):
+  //       key_field_path[i+1]->containing_type() ==
+  //           key_field_path[i]->message_type()
+  //       key_field_path[i]->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+  //       !key_field_path[i]->is_repeated()
+  void TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldPathsAsKey(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+      const vector<vector<const FieldDescriptor*> >& key_field_paths);
+
+  // Uses a custom MapKeyComparator to determine if two elements have the same
+  // key when comparing a repeated field as a map.
+  // The caller is responsible to delete the key_comparator.
+  // This method varies from TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey only in the
+  // first key matching step. Rather than comparing some specified fields, it
+  // will invoke the IsMatch method of the given 'key_comparator' to decide if
+  // two elements have the same key.
+  void TreatAsMapUsingKeyComparator(
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+      const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator);
+
+  // Add a custom ignore criteria that is evaluated in addition to the
+  // ignored fields added with IgnoreField.
+  // Takes ownership of ignore_criteria.
+  void AddIgnoreCriteria(IgnoreCriteria* ignore_criteria);
+
+  // Indicates that any field with the given descriptor should be
+  // ignored for the purposes of comparing two messages. This applies
+  // to fields nested in the message structure as well as top level
+  // ones. When the MessageDifferencer encounters an ignored field,
+  // ReportIgnored is called on the reporter, if one is specified.
+  //
+  // The only place where the field's 'ignored' status is not applied is when
+  // it is being used as a key in a field passed to TreatAsMap or is one of
+  // the fields passed to TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey.
+  // In this case it is compared in key matching but after that it's ignored
+  // in value comparison.
+  void IgnoreField(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // Sets the field comparator used to determine differences between protocol
+  // buffer fields. By default it's set to a DefaultFieldComparator instance.
+  // MessageDifferencer doesn't take ownership over the passed object.
+  // Note that this method must be called before Compare for the comparator to
+  // be used.
+  void set_field_comparator(FieldComparator* comparator);
+
+  // DEPRECATED. Pass a DefaultFieldComparator instance instead.
+  // Sets the fraction and margin for the float comparison of a given field.
+  // Uses MathUtil::WithinFractionOrMargin to compare the values.
+  // NOTE: this method does nothing if differencer's field comparator has been
+  //       set to a custom object.
+  //
+  // REQUIRES: field->cpp_type == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE or
+  //           field->cpp_type == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT
+  // REQUIRES: float_comparison_ == APPROXIMATE
+  void SetFractionAndMargin(const FieldDescriptor* field, double fraction,
+                            double margin);
+
+  // Sets the type of comparison (as defined in the MessageFieldComparison
+  // enumeration above) that is used by this differencer when determining how
+  // to compare fields in messages.
+  void set_message_field_comparison(MessageFieldComparison comparison);
+
+  // Tells the differencer whether or not to report matches. This method must
+  // be called before Compare. The default for a new differencer is false.
+  void set_report_matches(bool report_matches) {
+    report_matches_ = report_matches;
+  }
+
+  // Sets the scope of the comparison (as defined in the Scope enumeration
+  // above) that is used by this differencer when determining which fields to
+  // compare between the messages.
+  void set_scope(Scope scope);
+
+  // Returns the current scope used by this differencer.
+  Scope scope();
+
+  // DEPRECATED. Pass a DefaultFieldComparator instance instead.
+  // Sets the type of comparison (as defined in the FloatComparison enumeration
+  // above) that is used by this differencer when comparing float (and double)
+  // fields in messages.
+  // NOTE: this method does nothing if differencer's field comparator has been
+  //       set to a custom object.
+  void set_float_comparison(FloatComparison comparison);
+
+  // Sets the type of comparison for repeated field (as defined in the
+  // RepeatedFieldComparison enumeration above) that is used by this
+  // differencer when compare repeated fields in messages.
+  void set_repeated_field_comparison(RepeatedFieldComparison comparison);
+
+  // Compares the two specified messages, returning true if they are the same,
+  // false otherwise. If this method returns false, any changes between the
+  // two messages will be reported if a Reporter was specified via
+  // ReportDifferencesTo (see also ReportDifferencesToString).
+  //
+  // This method REQUIRES that the two messages have the same
+  // Descriptor (message1.GetDescriptor() == message2.GetDescriptor()).
+  bool Compare(const Message& message1, const Message& message2);
+
+  // Same as above, except comparing only the list of fields specified by the
+  // two vectors of FieldDescriptors.
+  bool CompareWithFields(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                         const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields,
+                         const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields);
+
+  // Automatically creates a reporter that will output the differences
+  // found (if any) to the specified output string pointer. Note that this
+  // method must be called before Compare.
+  void ReportDifferencesToString(string* output);
+
+  // Tells the MessageDifferencer to report differences via the specified
+  // reporter. Note that this method must be called before Compare for
+  // the reporter to be used. It is the responsibility of the caller to delete
+  // this object.
+  // If the provided pointer equals NULL, the MessageDifferencer stops reporting
+  // differences to any previously set reporters or output strings.
+  void ReportDifferencesTo(Reporter* reporter);
+
+  // An implementation of the MessageDifferencer Reporter that outputs
+  // any differences found in human-readable form to the supplied
+  // ZeroCopyOutputStream or Printer. If a printer is used, the delimiter
+  // *must* be '$'.
+  class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT StreamReporter : public Reporter {
+   public:
+    explicit StreamReporter(io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output);
+    explicit StreamReporter(io::Printer* printer);  // delimiter '$'
+    virtual ~StreamReporter();
+
+    // When set to true, the stream reporter will also output aggregates nodes
+    // (i.e. messages and groups) whose subfields have been modified. When
+    // false, will only report the individual subfields. Defaults to false.
+    void set_report_modified_aggregates(bool report) {
+      report_modified_aggregates_ = report;
+    }
+
+    // The following are implementations of the methods described above.
+    virtual void ReportAdded(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                             const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+
+    virtual void ReportDeleted(const Message& message1,
+                               const Message& message2,
+                               const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+
+    virtual void ReportModified(const Message& message1,
+                                const Message& message2,
+                                const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+
+    virtual void ReportMoved(const Message& message1,
+                             const Message& message2,
+                             const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+
+    virtual void ReportMatched(const Message& message1,
+                               const Message& message2,
+                               const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+
+    virtual void ReportIgnored(const Message& message1,
+                               const Message& message2,
+                               const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+
+   protected:
+    // Prints the specified path of fields to the buffer.
+    virtual void PrintPath(const vector<SpecificField>& field_path,
+                           bool left_side);
+
+    // Prints the value of fields to the buffer.  left_side is true if the
+    // given message is from the left side of the comparison, false if it
+    // was the right.  This is relevant only to decide whether to follow
+    // unknown_field_index1 or unknown_field_index2 when an unknown field
+    // is encountered in field_path.
+    virtual void PrintValue(const Message& message,
+                            const vector<SpecificField>& field_path,
+                            bool left_side);
+
+    // Prints the specified path of unknown fields to the buffer.
+    virtual void PrintUnknownFieldValue(const UnknownField* unknown_field);
+
+    // Just print a string
+    void Print(const string& str);
+
+   private:
+    io::Printer* printer_;
+    bool delete_printer_;
+    bool report_modified_aggregates_;
+
+    GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(StreamReporter);
+  };
+
+ private:
+  // A MapKeyComparator to be used in TreatAsMapUsingKeyComparator.
+  // Implementation of this class needs to do field value comparison which
+  // relies on some private methods of MessageDifferencer. That's why this
+  // class is declared as a nested class of MessageDifferencer.
+  class MultipleFieldsMapKeyComparator;
+  // Returns true if field1's number() is less than field2's.
+  static bool FieldBefore(const FieldDescriptor* field1,
+                          const FieldDescriptor* field2);
+
+  // Combine the two lists of fields into the combined_fields output vector.
+  // All fields present in both lists will always be included in the combined
+  // list.  Fields only present in one of the lists will only appear in the
+  // combined list if the corresponding fields_scope option is set to FULL.
+  void CombineFields(const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields1,
+                     Scope fields1_scope,
+                     const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields2,
+                     Scope fields2_scope,
+                     vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* combined_fields);
+
+  // Internal version of the Compare method which performs the actual
+  // comparison. The parent_fields vector is a vector containing field
+  // descriptors of all fields accessed to get to this comparison operation
+  // (i.e. if the current message is an embedded message, the parent_fields
+  // vector will contain the field that has this embedded message).
+  bool Compare(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+               vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+
+  // Compares all the unknown fields in two messages.
+  bool CompareUnknownFields(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                            const google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet&,
+                            const google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet&,
+                            vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+
+  // Compares the specified messages for the requested field lists. The field
+  // lists are modified depending on comparison settings, and then passed to
+  // CompareWithFieldsInternal.
+  bool CompareRequestedFieldsUsingSettings(
+      const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+      const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields,
+      const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields,
+      vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+
+  // Compares the specified messages with the specified field lists.
+  bool CompareWithFieldsInternal(
+      const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+      const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields,
+      const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields,
+      vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+
+  // Compares the repeated fields, and report the error.
+  bool CompareRepeatedField(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                            vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+
+  // Shorthand for CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields with NULL parent_fields.
+  bool CompareFieldValue(const Message& message1,
+                         const Message& message2,
+                         const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                         int index1,
+                         int index2);
+
+  // Compares the specified field on the two messages, returning
+  // true if they are the same, false otherwise. For repeated fields,
+  // this method only compares the value in the specified index. This method
+  // uses Compare functions to recurse into submessages.
+  // The parent_fields vector is used in calls to a Reporter instance calls.
+  // It can be NULL, in which case the MessageDifferencer will create new
+  // list of parent messages if it needs to recursively compare the given field.
+  // To avoid confusing users you should not set it to NULL unless you modified
+  // Reporter to handle the change of parent_fields correctly.
+  bool CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(const Message& message1,
+                                          const Message& message2,
+                                          const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                          int index1,
+                                          int index2,
+                                          vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+
+  // Compares the specified field on the two messages, returning comparison
+  // result, as returned by appropriate FieldComparator.
+  FieldComparator::ComparisonResult GetFieldComparisonResult(
+      const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+      const FieldDescriptor* field, int index1, int index2,
+      const FieldContext* field_context);
+
+  // Check if the two elements in the repeated field are match to each other.
+  // if the key_comprator is NULL, this function returns true when the two
+  // elements are equal.
+  bool IsMatch(const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
+               const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator,
+               const Message* message1, const Message* message2,
+               const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
+               int index1, int index2);
+
+  // Returns true when this repeated field has been configured to be treated
+  // as a set.
+  bool IsTreatedAsSet(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // Returns true when this repeated field is to be compared as a subset, ie.
+  // has been configured to be treated as a set or map and scope is set to
+  // PARTIAL.
+  bool IsTreatedAsSubset(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // Returns true if this field is to be ignored when this
+  // MessageDifferencer compares messages.
+  bool IsIgnored(
+      const Message& message1,
+      const Message& message2,
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+      const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields);
+
+  // Returns MapKeyComparator* when this field has been configured to
+  // be treated as a map.  If not, returns NULL.
+  const MapKeyComparator* GetMapKeyComparator(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+
+  // Attempts to match indices of a repeated field, so that the contained values
+  // match. Clears output vectors and sets their values to indices of paired
+  // messages, ie. if message1[0] matches message2[1], then match_list1[0] == 1
+  // and match_list2[1] == 0. The unmatched indices are indicated by -1.
+  // This method returns false if the match failed. However, it doesn't mean
+  // that the comparison succeeds when this method returns true (you need to
+  // double-check in this case).
+  bool MatchRepeatedFieldIndices(const Message& message1,
+                                 const Message& message2,
+                                 const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
+                                 const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
+                                 vector<int>* match_list1,
+                                 vector<int>* match_list2);
+
+  // If "any" is of type google.protobuf.Any, extract its payload using
+  // DynamicMessageFactory and store in "data".
+  bool UnpackAny(const Message& any, google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Message>* data);
+
+  // Checks if index is equal to new_index in all the specific fields.
+  static bool CheckPathChanged(const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields);
+
+  // Defines a map between field descriptors and their MapKeyComparators.
+  // Used for repeated fields when they are configured as TreatAsMap.
+  typedef map<const FieldDescriptor*,
+              const MapKeyComparator*> FieldKeyComparatorMap;
+
+  // Defines a set to store field descriptors.  Used for repeated fields when
+  // they are configured as TreatAsSet.
+  typedef set<const FieldDescriptor*> FieldSet;
+
+  Reporter* reporter_;
+  DefaultFieldComparator default_field_comparator_;
+  FieldComparator* field_comparator_;
+  MessageFieldComparison message_field_comparison_;
+  Scope scope_;
+  RepeatedFieldComparison repeated_field_comparison_;
+
+  FieldSet set_fields_;
+  // Keeps track of MapKeyComparators that are created within
+  // MessageDifferencer. These MapKeyComparators should be deleted
+  // before MessageDifferencer is destroyed.
+  // When TreatAsMap or TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey is called, we don't
+  // store the supplied FieldDescriptors directly. Instead, a new
+  // MapKeyComparator is created for comparison purpose.
+  vector<MapKeyComparator*> owned_key_comparators_;
+  FieldKeyComparatorMap map_field_key_comparator_;
+  vector<IgnoreCriteria*> ignore_criteria_;
+
+  FieldSet ignored_fields_;
+
+  bool compare_unknown_fields_;
+  bool report_matches_;
+
+  string* output_string_;
+
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<DynamicMessageFactory> dynamic_message_factory_;
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MessageDifferencer);
+};
+
+// This class provides extra information to the FieldComparator::Compare
+// function.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldContext {
+ public:
+  explicit FieldContext(
+      vector<MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>* parent_fields)
+      : parent_fields_(parent_fields) {}
+
+  vector<MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>* parent_fields() const {
+    return parent_fields_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  vector<MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>* parent_fields_;
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_MESSAGE_DIFFERENCER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.cc
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..bd19f695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,3132 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: jschorr@google.com (Joseph Schorr)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// TODO(ksroka): Move some of these tests to field_comparator_test.cc.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/any_test.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+
+const FieldDescriptor* GetFieldDescriptor(
+    const Message& message, const string& field_name) {
+  vector<string> field_path =
+      Split(field_name, ".", true);
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
+  const FieldDescriptor* field = NULL;
+  for (int i = 0; i < field_path.size(); i++) {
+    field = descriptor->FindFieldByName(field_path[i]);
+    descriptor = field->message_type();
+  }
+  return field;
+}
+
+void ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(util::MessageDifferencer* differencer,
+                                 const Message& msg1,
+                                 const Message& msg2) {
+  differencer->set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::FULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer->Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  differencer->set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer->Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicEqualityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.add_repeated_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, MapFieldEqualityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestMap msg1;
+  unittest::TestMap msg2;
+
+  MapTestUtil::MapReflectionTester tester(unittest::TestMap::descriptor());
+  tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(&msg1);
+  tester.SetMapFieldsViaReflection(&msg2);
+  tester.SwapMapsViaReflection(&msg1);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicPartialEqualityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, PartialEqualityTestExtraField) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, PartialEqualityTestSkipRequiredField) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestRequired msg1;
+  unittest::TestRequired msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_a(401);
+  msg2.set_a(401);
+  msg2.set_b(402);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicPartialInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, PartialInequalityMissingFieldTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg2.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldPartialInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.add_repeated_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicEquivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, EquivalencyNotEqualTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.clear_optional_int32();
+  msg2.set_optional_int32(0);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicInequivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicEquivalencyNonSetTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicInequivalencyNonSetTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicPartialEquivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, PartialEquivalencyNotEqualTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(0);
+  msg2.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, PartialEquivalencyTestExtraField) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, PartialEquivalencyTestSkipRequiredField) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestRequired msg1;
+  unittest::TestRequired msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_a(401);
+  msg2.set_a(401);
+  msg2.set_b(402);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicPartialInequivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicPartialEquivalencyNonSetTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicPartialInequivalencyNonSetTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, ApproximateEqualityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, ApproximateModifiedEqualityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  const float v1 = 2.300005f;
+  const float v2 = 2.300006f;
+  msg1.set_optional_float(v1);
+  msg2.set_optional_float(v2);
+
+  // Compare
+  ASSERT_NE(v1, v2) << "Should not be the same: " << v1 << ", " << v2;
+  ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(v1, v2) << "Should be approx. equal: " << v1 << ", " << v2;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, ApproximateEquivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(msg1,
+                                                                msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, ApproximateModifiedEquivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Modify the approximateness requirement
+  const float v1 = 2.300005f;
+  const float v2 = 2.300006f;
+  msg1.set_optional_float(v1);
+  msg2.set_optional_float(v2);
+
+  // Compare
+  ASSERT_NE(v1, v2) << "Should not be the same: " << v1 << ", " << v2;
+  ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(v1, v2) << "Should be approx. equal: " << v1 << ", " << v2;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(msg1,
+                                                                msg2));
+
+  // Modify the equivalency requirement too
+  msg1.clear_optional_int32();
+  msg2.set_optional_int32(0);
+
+  // Compare. Now should only pass on ApproximatelyEquivalent
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquals(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(msg1,
+                                                                msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, ApproximateInequivalencyTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Should fail on equivalency
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(-1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(msg1,
+                                                                 msg2));
+
+  // Make these fields the same again.
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(0);
+  msg2.set_optional_int32(0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(msg1,
+                                                                msg2));
+
+  // Should fail on approximate equality check
+  const float v1 = 2.3f;
+  const float v2 = 9.3f;
+  msg1.set_optional_float(v1);
+  msg2.set_optional_float(v2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::ApproximatelyEquivalent(msg1,
+                                                                 msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, WithinFractionOrMarginFloatTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Should fail on approximate equality check
+  const float v1 = 100.0f;
+  const float v2 = 109.9f;
+  msg1.set_optional_float(v1);
+  msg2.set_optional_float(v2);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd =
+      msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_float");
+
+  // Set float comparison to exact, margin and fraction value should not matter.
+  differencer.set_float_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::EXACT);
+  // Set margin for float comparison.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.0, 10.0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Margin and fraction float comparison is activated when float comparison is
+  // set to approximate.
+  differencer.set_float_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Test out float comparison with fraction.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.2, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should fail since the fraction is smaller than error.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.01, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should pass if either fraction or margin are satisfied.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.01, 10.0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Make sure that the margin and fraction only affects the field that it was
+  // set for.
+  msg1.set_default_float(v1);
+  msg2.set_default_float(v2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  msg1.set_default_float(v1);
+  msg2.set_default_float(v1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, WithinFractionOrMarginDoubleTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Should fail on approximate equality check
+  const double v1 = 100.0;
+  const double v2 = 109.9;
+  msg1.set_optional_double(v1);
+  msg2.set_optional_double(v2);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Set comparison to exact, margin and fraction value should not matter.
+  differencer.set_float_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::EXACT);
+  // Set margin for float comparison.
+  const FieldDescriptor* fd =
+      msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("optional_double");
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.0, 10.0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Margin and fraction comparison is activated when float comparison is
+  // set to approximate.
+  differencer.set_float_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Test out comparison with fraction.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.2, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should fail since the fraction is smaller than error.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.01, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should pass if either fraction or margin are satisfied.
+  differencer.SetFractionAndMargin(fd, 0.01, 10.0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Make sure that the margin and fraction only affects the field that it was
+  // set for.
+  msg1.set_default_double(v1);
+  msg2.set_default_double(v2);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  msg1.set_default_double(v1);
+  msg2.set_default_double(v1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, WithinDefaultFractionOrMarginDoubleTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  // Should fail on approximate equality check
+  const double v1 = 100.0;
+  const double v2 = 109.9;
+  msg1.set_optional_double(v1);
+  msg2.set_optional_double(v2);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Set up a custom field comparitor, with a default fraction and margin for
+  // float and double comparison.
+  util::DefaultFieldComparator field_comparitor;
+  field_comparitor.SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(0.0, 10.0);
+  differencer.set_field_comparator(&field_comparitor);
+
+  // Set comparison to exact, margin and fraction value should not matter.
+  field_comparitor.set_float_comparison(util::DefaultFieldComparator::EXACT);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Margin and fraction comparison is activated when float comparison is
+  // set to approximate.
+  field_comparitor.set_float_comparison(
+      util::DefaultFieldComparator::APPROXIMATE);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Test out comparison with fraction.
+  field_comparitor.SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(0.2, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should fail since the fraction is smaller than error.
+  field_comparitor.SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(0.01, 0.0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Should pass if either fraction or margin are satisfied.
+  field_comparitor.SetDefaultFractionAndMargin(0.01, 10.0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Make sure that the default margin and fraction affects all fields
+  msg1.set_default_double(v1);
+  msg2.set_default_double(v2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicFieldOrderingsTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings msg1;
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicFieldOrderingInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings msg1;
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.set_my_float(15.00);
+  msg2.set_my_float(16.00);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicExtensionTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, BasicExtensionInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&msg2);
+
+  msg1.SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension, 101);
+  msg2.SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension, 102);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, OneofTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestOneof2 msg1;
+  unittest::TestOneof2 msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, OneofInequalityTest) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  unittest::TestOneof2 msg1;
+  unittest::TestOneof2 msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetOneof1(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetOneof2(&msg2);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, UnknownFieldPartialEqualTest) {
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty1;
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty2;
+
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown1 = empty1.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown2 = empty2.mutable_unknown_fields();
+
+  unknown1->AddVarint(243, 122);
+  unknown1->AddLengthDelimited(245, "abc");
+  unknown1->AddGroup(246)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+  unknown1->mutable_field(2)->mutable_group()->AddFixed32(248, 2);
+
+  unknown2->AddVarint(243, 122);
+  unknown2->AddLengthDelimited(245, "abc");
+  unknown2->AddGroup(246)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+  unknown2->mutable_field(2)->mutable_group()->AddFixed32(248, 2);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(empty1, empty2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsEqualityAllTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields2;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+  msg2.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg2, &fields2);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields1, fields2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsInequalityAllTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields2;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+  msg2.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg2, &fields2);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields1, fields2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsEmptyListAlwaysSucceeds) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> empty_fields;
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2,
+                                            empty_fields, empty_fields));
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2,
+                                            empty_fields, empty_fields));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsCompareWithSelf) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg1, fields, fields));
+
+  {
+    // Compare with a subset of fields.
+    vector<const FieldDescriptor*> compare_fields;
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
+      if (i % 2 == 0) {
+        compare_fields.push_back(fields[i]);
+      }
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg1,
+                                              compare_fields, compare_fields));
+  }
+  {
+    // Specify a different set of fields to compare, even though we're using the
+    // same message. This should fail, since we are explicitly saying that the
+    // set of fields are different.
+    vector<const FieldDescriptor*> compare_fields1;
+    vector<const FieldDescriptor*> compare_fields2;
+    for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
+      if (i % 2 == 0) {
+        compare_fields1.push_back(fields[i]);
+      } else {
+        compare_fields2.push_back(fields[i]);
+      }
+    }
+    EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.CompareWithFields(
+        msg1, msg1, compare_fields1, compare_fields2));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsEqualityAllShuffledTest) {
+  // This is a public function, so make sure there are no assumptions about the
+  // list of fields. Randomly shuffle them to make sure that they are properly
+  // ordered for comparison.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields2;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+  msg2.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg2, &fields2);
+
+  std::random_shuffle(fields1.begin(), fields1.end());
+  std::random_shuffle(fields2.begin(), fields2.end());
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields1, fields2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsSubsetEqualityTest) {
+  // Specify a set of fields to compare. All the fields are equal.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> compare_fields;
+  // Only compare the field descriptors with even indices.
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields1.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i % 2 == 0) {
+      compare_fields.push_back(fields1[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2,
+                                            compare_fields, compare_fields));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest,
+     SpecifiedFieldsSubsetIgnoresOtherFieldDifferencesTest) {
+  // Specify a set of fields to compare, but clear all the other fields in one
+  // of the messages. This should fail a regular compare, but CompareWithFields
+  // should succeed.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  const Reflection* reflection = msg1.GetReflection();
+  reflection->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> compare_fields;
+  // Only compare the field descriptors with even indices.
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields1.size(); ++i) {
+    if (i % 2 == 0) {
+      compare_fields.push_back(fields1[i]);
+    } else {
+      reflection->ClearField(&msg2, fields1[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2,
+                                            compare_fields, compare_fields));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsDetectsDifferencesTest) {
+  // Change all of the repeated fields in one of the messages, and use only
+  // those fields for comparison.
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+  TestUtil::ModifyRepeatedFields(&msg2);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> compare_fields;
+  // Only compare the repeated field descriptors.
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields1.size(); ++i) {
+    if (fields1[i]->is_repeated()) {
+      compare_fields.push_back(fields1[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2,
+                                             compare_fields, compare_fields));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, SpecifiedFieldsEquivalenceAllTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg1);
+  TestUtil::SetAllFields(&msg2);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields2;
+  msg1.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg1, &fields1);
+  msg2.GetReflection()->ListFields(msg2, &fields2);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields1, fields2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest,
+     SpecifiedFieldsEquivalenceIgnoresOtherFieldDifferencesTest) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg1;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes msg2;
+  const Descriptor* desc = msg1.GetDescriptor();
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* optional_int32_desc =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_int32");
+  const FieldDescriptor* optional_int64_desc =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("optional_int64");
+  const FieldDescriptor* default_int64_desc =
+      desc->FindFieldByName("default_int64");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(optional_int32_desc != NULL);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(optional_int64_desc != NULL);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(default_int64_desc != NULL);
+  msg1.set_optional_int32(0);
+  msg2.set_optional_int64(0);
+  msg1.set_default_int64(default_int64_desc->default_value_int64());
+
+  // Set a field to a non-default value so we know that field selection is
+  // actually doing something.
+  msg2.set_optional_uint64(23);
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields1;
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields2;
+  fields1.push_back(optional_int32_desc);
+  fields1.push_back(default_int64_desc);
+
+  fields2.push_back(optional_int64_desc);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields1, fields2));
+  differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+      util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields1, fields2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_SetOfSet) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(1); item->add_ra(2); item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(5); item->add_ra(6);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(1); item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6); item->add_ra(7); item->add_ra(8);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6); item->add_ra(5);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6); item->add_ra(8); item->add_ra(7);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(1); item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(3); item->add_ra(2); item->add_ra(1);
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_Combination) {
+  // Create the testing protos
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // Treat "item" as Map, with key = "a"
+  // Treat "item.ra" also as Set
+  // Treat "rv" as Set
+  // Treat "rw" as List
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(3);
+  item->add_ra(1); item->add_ra(2); item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(4);
+  item->add_ra(5); item->add_ra(6);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(1); item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->add_ra(6); item->add_ra(7); item->add_ra(8);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(4);
+  item->add_ra(6); item->add_ra(5);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->add_ra(6); item->add_ra(8); item->add_ra(7);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(1); item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(3);
+  item->add_ra(3); item->add_ra(2); item->add_ra(1);
+
+  msg1.add_rv(3);
+  msg1.add_rv(4);
+  msg1.add_rv(7);
+  msg1.add_rv(0);
+  msg2.add_rv(4);
+  msg2.add_rv(3);
+  msg2.add_rv(0);
+  msg2.add_rv(7);
+
+  msg1.add_rw("nothing"); msg2.add_rw("nothing");
+  msg1.add_rw("should"); msg2.add_rw("should");
+  msg1.add_rw("change"); msg2.add_rw("change");
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("item"),
+                         item->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("a"));
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("rv"));
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(item->GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("ra"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldMapTest_Partial) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  // message msg1 {
+  //   item { a: 1; b: "11" }
+  // }
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("11");
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // message msg2 {
+  //   item { a: 2; b: "22" }
+  //   item { a: 1; b: "11" }
+  // }
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->set_b("22");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("11");
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"),
+                         GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a"));
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_Duplicates) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage a, b, c;
+  // message a: {
+  //   rv: 0
+  //   rv: 1
+  //   rv: 0
+  // }
+  a.add_rv(0);
+  a.add_rv(1);
+  a.add_rv(0);
+  // message b: {
+  //   rv: 0
+  //   rv: 0
+  //   rv: 1
+  // }
+  b.add_rv(0);
+  b.add_rv(0);
+  b.add_rv(1);
+  // message c: {
+  //   rv: 0
+  //   rv: 1
+  // }
+  c.add_rv(0);
+  c.add_rv(1);
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(a, "rv"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(b, a));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(c, a));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_PartialSimple) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage a, b, c;
+  // message a: {
+  //   rm { c: 1 }
+  //   rm { c: 0 }
+  // }
+  a.add_rm()->set_c(1);
+  a.add_rm()->set_c(0);
+  // message b: {
+  //   rm { c: 1 }
+  //   rm {}
+  // }
+  b.add_rm()->set_c(1);
+  b.add_rm();
+  // message c: {
+  //   rm {}
+  //   rm { c: 1 }
+  // }
+  c.add_rm();
+  c.add_rm()->set_c(1);
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(a, "rm"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(b, a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(c, a));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_Partial) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1, msg2;
+  // message msg1: {
+  //   rm { a: 1 }
+  //   rm { b: 2 }
+  //   rm { c: 3 }
+  // }
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_a(1);
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_b(2);
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_c(3);
+  // message msg2: {
+  //   rm { a: 1; c: 3 }
+  //   rm { b: 2; c: 3 }
+  //   rm { b: 2 }
+  // }
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField* field = msg2.add_rm();
+  field->set_a(1);
+  field->set_c(3);
+  field = msg2.add_rm();
+  field->set_b(2);
+  field->set_c(3);
+  field = msg2.add_rm();
+  field->set_b(2);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rm"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldMapTest_MultipleFieldsAsKey) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // Treat "item" as Map, with key = ("a", "ra")
+  // Treat "item.ra" as Set
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {2, 3}) => "a"
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(2);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->set_b("a");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  // key => value: (2, {1, 3}) => "b"
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->set_b("b");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {1, 3}) => "c"
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->set_b("c");
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {1, 3}) => "c"
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->set_b("c");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {2, 3}) => "a"
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->add_ra(2);
+  item->set_b("a");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  // key => value: (2, {1, 3}) => "b"
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->add_ra(1);
+  item->set_b("b");
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.ra"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> key_fields;
+  key_fields.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a"));
+  key_fields.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.ra"));
+  differencer.TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey(
+      GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"), key_fields);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Introduce some differences.
+  msg1.clear_item();
+  msg2.clear_item();
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(4);
+  item->add_ra(5);
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(4);
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(5);
+  item->set_b("world");
+  string output;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "moved: item[0].ra[0] -> item[0].ra[1] : 5\n"
+      "moved: item[0].ra[1] -> item[0].ra[0] : 6\n"
+      "modified: item[0].b: \"hello\" -> \"world\"\n",
+      output);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldMapTest_MultipleFieldPathsAsKey) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // Treat "item" as Map, with key = ("m.a", "m.rc")
+  // Treat "item.m.rc" as Set
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {2, 3}) => "a"
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(1);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(2);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(3);
+  item->set_b("a");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  // key => value: (2, {1, 3}) => "b"
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(2);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(1);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(3);
+  item->set_b("b");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {1, 3}) => "c"
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(1);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(1);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(3);
+  item->set_b("c");
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {1, 3}) => "c"
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(1);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(3);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(1);
+  item->set_b("c");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  // key => value: (1, {2, 3}) => "a"
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(1);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(3);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(2);
+  item->set_b("a");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  // key => value: (2, {1, 3}) => "b"
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(2);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(3);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(1);
+  item->set_b("b");
+
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.m.rc"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  vector<vector<const FieldDescriptor*> > key_field_paths;
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> key_field_path1;
+  key_field_path1.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.m"));
+  key_field_path1.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.m.a"));
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> key_field_path2;
+  key_field_path2.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.m"));
+  key_field_path2.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.m.rc"));
+  key_field_paths.push_back(key_field_path1);
+  key_field_paths.push_back(key_field_path2);
+  differencer.TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldPathsAsKey(
+      GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"), key_field_paths);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Introduce some differences.
+  msg1.clear_item();
+  msg2.clear_item();
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(4);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(5);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(6);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_a(4);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(6);
+  item->mutable_m()->add_rc(5);
+  item->set_b("world");
+  string output;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: item[0].b: \"hello\" -> \"world\"\n"
+      "moved: item[0].m.rc[0] -> item[0].m.rc[1] : 5\n"
+      "moved: item[0].m.rc[1] -> item[0].m.rc[0] : 6\n",
+      output);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldMapTest_IgnoredKeyFields) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // Treat "item" as Map, with key = ("a", "ra")
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(2);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->add_ra(3);
+  item->set_b("world");
+  // Compare
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> key_fields;
+  key_fields.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a"));
+  key_fields.push_back(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.ra"));
+  differencer.TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey(
+      GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"), key_fields);
+  string output;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "added: item[0]: { a: 1 ra: 3 b: \"world\" }\n"
+      "deleted: item[0]: { a: 1 ra: 2 b: \"hello\" }\n",
+      output);
+  // Ignored fields that are listed as parts of the key are still used
+  // in key comparison, but they're not used in value comparison.
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.ra"));
+  output.clear();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "added: item[0]: { a: 1 ra: 3 b: \"world\" }\n"
+      "deleted: item[0]: { a: 1 ra: 2 b: \"hello\" }\n",
+      output);
+  // Ignoring a field in the key is different from treating the left fields
+  // as key. That is:
+  //   (key = ("a", "ra") && ignore "ra") != (key = ("a") && ignore "ra")
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer2;
+  differencer2.TreatAsMap(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"),
+                          GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a"));
+  differencer2.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.ra"));
+  output.clear();
+  differencer2.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer2.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "ignored: item[0].ra\n"
+      "modified: item[0].b: \"hello\" -> \"world\"\n",
+      output);
+}
+
+static const char* const kIgnoredFields[] = {"rm.b", "rm.m.b"};
+
+class TestIgnorer : public util::MessageDifferencer::IgnoreCriteria {
+ public:
+  bool IsIgnored(
+      const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+      const vector<util::MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>& parent_fields)
+      override {
+    string name = "";
+    for (int i = 0; i < parent_fields.size(); ++i) {
+      name += parent_fields[i].field->name() + ".";
+    }
+    name += field->name();
+    for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(kIgnoredFields); ++i) {
+      if (name.compare(kIgnoredFields[i]) == 0) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, TreatRepeatedFieldAsSetWithIgnoredFields) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString("rm { a: 11\n b: 12 }", &msg1);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString("rm { a: 11\n b: 13 }", &msg2);
+  util::MessageDifferencer differ;
+  differ.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rm"));
+  differ.AddIgnoreCriteria(new TestIgnorer);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differ.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, TreatRepeatedFieldAsMapWithIgnoredKeyFields) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString("rm { a: 11\n m { a: 12\n b: 13\n } }", &msg1);
+  TextFormat::MergeFromString("rm { a: 11\n m { a: 12\n b: 14\n } }", &msg2);
+  util::MessageDifferencer differ;
+  differ.TreatAsMap(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rm"),
+                    GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rm.m"));
+  differ.AddIgnoreCriteria(new TestIgnorer);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differ.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+// Takes the product of all elements of item.ra as the key for key comparison.
+class ValueProductMapKeyComparator
+    : public util::MessageDifferencer::MapKeyComparator {
+ public:
+  virtual bool IsMatch(const Message &message1,
+                       const Message &message2) const {
+    const Reflection* reflection1 = message1.GetReflection();
+    const Reflection* reflection2 = message2.GetReflection();
+    // FieldDescriptor for item.ra
+    const FieldDescriptor* ra_field =
+        message1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("ra");
+    // Get the product of all elements in item.ra
+    int result1 = 1, result2 = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < reflection1->FieldSize(message1, ra_field); ++i) {
+      result1 *= reflection1->GetRepeatedInt32(message1, ra_field, i);
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < reflection2->FieldSize(message2, ra_field); ++i) {
+      result2 *= reflection2->GetRepeatedInt32(message2, ra_field, i);
+    }
+    return result1 == result2;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldMapTest_CustomMapKeyComparator) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  // Treat "item" as Map, using custom key comparator to determine if two
+  // elements have the same key.
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6);
+  item->add_ra(35);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(10);
+  item->add_ra(21);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  ValueProductMapKeyComparator key_comparator;
+  differencer.TreatAsMapUsingKeyComparator(
+      GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"), &key_comparator);
+  string output;
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  // Though the above two messages have different values for item.ra, they
+  // are regarded as having the same key because 6 * 35 == 10 * 21. That's
+  // how the key comparator determines if the two have the same key.
+  // However, in value comparison, all fields of the message are taken into
+  // consideration, so they are different because their item.ra fields have
+  // different values using normal value comparison.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: item[0].ra[0]: 6 -> 10\n"
+      "modified: item[0].ra[1]: 35 -> 21\n",
+      output);
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.ra"));
+  output.clear();
+  // item.ra is ignored in value comparison, so the two messages equal.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("ignored: item[0].ra\n", output);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_Subset) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  msg1.add_rv(3);
+  msg1.add_rv(8);
+  msg1.add_rv(2);
+  msg2.add_rv(2);
+  msg2.add_rv(3);
+  msg2.add_rv(5);
+  msg2.add_rv(8);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+
+  // Fail with only partial scope set.
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::AS_LIST);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Fail with only set-like comparison set.
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::FULL);
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SET);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+  // Succeed with scope and repeated field comparison set properly.
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  differencer.set_repeated_field_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SET);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_Single) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_c(3);
+  msg1.add_rc(1);
+
+  msg2.set_c(5);
+  msg2.add_rc(1);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "c"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_Repeated) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_c(3);
+  msg1.add_rc(1);
+  msg1.add_rc(2);
+
+  msg2.set_c(3);
+  msg2.add_rc(1);
+  msg2.add_rc(3);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rc"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_Message) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField* field;
+
+  field = msg1.add_rm();
+  field->set_c(3);
+
+  field = msg2.add_rm();
+  field->set_c(4);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rm"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_Group) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(3);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(4);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_Missing) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_c(3);
+  msg1.add_rc(1);
+
+  msg2.add_rc(1);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "c"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg2, msg1);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_Multiple) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_c(3);
+  msg1.add_rc(1);
+  msg1.add_rc(2);
+
+  msg2.set_c(5);
+  msg2.add_rc(1);
+  msg2.add_rc(3);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* c = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "c");
+  const FieldDescriptor* rc = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rc");
+
+  { // Ignore c
+    util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+    differencer.IgnoreField(c);
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  }
+  { // Ignore rc
+    util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+    differencer.IgnoreField(rc);
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  }
+  { // Ignore both
+    util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+    differencer.IgnoreField(c);
+    differencer.IgnoreField(rc);
+
+    ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_NestedMessage) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField* field;
+
+  field = msg1.add_rm();
+  field->set_c(3);
+  field->add_rc(1);
+
+  field = msg2.add_rm();
+  field->set_c(4);
+  field->add_rc(1);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rm.c"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_NestedGroup) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(3);
+  item->set_b("foo");
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(4);
+  item->set_b("foo");
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a"));
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_InsideSet) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("foo");
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->set_b("bar");
+  item->add_ra(2);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->set_b("bar");
+  item->add_ra(2);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("baz");
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* item_desc = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item");
+  const FieldDescriptor* b = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.b");
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(b);
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(item_desc);
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_InsideMap) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("foo");
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->set_b("bar");
+  item->add_ra(2);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->set_b("bar");
+  item->add_ra(2);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("baz");
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* item_desc = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item");
+  const FieldDescriptor* a = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a");
+  const FieldDescriptor* b = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.b");
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(b);
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(item_desc, a);
+
+  ExpectEqualsWithDifferencer(&differencer, msg1, msg2);
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_DoesNotIgnoreKey) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  item->set_b("foo");
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(2);
+  item->set_b("foo");
+  item->add_ra(1);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* item_desc = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item");
+  const FieldDescriptor* a = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "item.a");
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(a);
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(item_desc, a);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, IgnoreField_TrumpsCompareWithFields) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg2;
+
+  msg1.set_c(3);
+  msg1.add_rc(1);
+  msg1.add_rc(2);
+
+  msg2.set_c(3);
+  msg2.add_rc(1);
+  msg2.add_rc(3);
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* c = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "c");
+  const FieldDescriptor* rc = GetFieldDescriptor(msg1, "rc");
+
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
+  fields.push_back(c);
+  fields.push_back(rc);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.IgnoreField(rc);
+
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::FULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields, fields));
+
+  differencer.set_scope(util::MessageDifferencer::PARTIAL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.CompareWithFields(msg1, msg2, fields, fields));
+}
+
+
+// Test class to save a copy of the last field_context.parent_fields() vector
+// passed to the comparison function.
+class ParentSavingFieldComparator : public util::FieldComparator {
+ public:
+  ParentSavingFieldComparator() {}
+
+  virtual ComparisonResult Compare(
+      const google::protobuf::Message& message_1,
+      const google::protobuf::Message& message_2,
+      const google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor* field,
+      int index_1, int index_2,
+      const google::protobuf::util::FieldContext* field_context) {
+    if (field_context)
+      parent_fields_ = *(field_context->parent_fields());
+    if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      return RECURSE;
+    } else {
+      return SAME;
+    }
+  }
+
+  vector<google::protobuf::util::MessageDifferencer::SpecificField> parent_fields() {
+    return parent_fields_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  vector<google::protobuf::util::MessageDifferencer::SpecificField> parent_fields_;
+};
+
+// Tests if MessageDifferencer sends the parent fields in the FieldContext
+// parameter.
+TEST(MessageDifferencerTest, FieldContextParentFieldsTest) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  msg1.add_rm()->set_c(1);
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  msg2.add_rm()->set_c(1);
+
+  ParentSavingFieldComparator field_comparator;
+  util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_field_comparator(&field_comparator);
+  differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2);
+
+  // We want only one parent with the name "rm"
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, field_comparator.parent_fields().size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("rm", field_comparator.parent_fields()[0].field->name());
+}
+
+
+class ComparisonTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ComparisonTest() : use_equivalency_(false), repeated_field_as_set_(false) {
+    // Setup the test.
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(&proto1_);
+    TestUtil::SetAllFields(&proto2_);
+
+    TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&proto1ex_);
+    TestUtil::SetAllExtensions(&proto2ex_);
+
+    TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&orderings_proto1_);
+    TestUtil::SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(&orderings_proto2_);
+
+    unknown1_ = empty1_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+    unknown2_ = empty2_.mutable_unknown_fields();
+  }
+
+  ~ComparisonTest() { }
+
+  void SetSpecialFieldOption(const Message& message,
+                              util::MessageDifferencer* d) {
+    if (!ignored_field_.empty()) {
+      d->IgnoreField(GetFieldDescriptor(message, ignored_field_));
+    }
+
+    if (repeated_field_as_set_) {
+      d->set_repeated_field_comparison(util::MessageDifferencer::AS_SET);
+    }
+
+    if (!set_field_.empty()) {
+      d->TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(message, set_field_));
+    }
+
+    if (!map_field_.empty() && !map_key_.empty()) {
+      d->TreatAsMap(GetFieldDescriptor(message, map_field_),
+                    GetFieldDescriptor(message, map_field_ + "." + map_key_));
+    }
+  }
+
+  string Run(const Message& msg1, const Message& msg2) {
+    string output;
+
+    // Setup the comparison.
+    util::MessageDifferencer differencer;
+    differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+
+    if (use_equivalency_) {
+      differencer.set_message_field_comparison(
+          util::MessageDifferencer::EQUIVALENT);
+    }
+
+    SetSpecialFieldOption(msg1, &differencer);
+
+    // Conduct the comparison.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  string Run() {
+    return Run(proto1_, proto2_);
+  }
+
+  string RunOrder() {
+    return Run(orderings_proto1_, orderings_proto2_);
+  }
+
+  string RunEx() {
+    return Run(proto1ex_, proto2ex_);
+  }
+
+  string RunDiff() {
+    return Run(proto1diff_, proto2diff_);
+  }
+
+  string RunUn() {
+    return Run(empty1_, empty2_);
+  }
+
+  void use_equivalency() {
+    use_equivalency_ = true;
+  }
+
+  void repeated_field_as_set() {
+    repeated_field_as_set_ = true;
+  }
+
+  void field_as_set(const string& field) {
+    set_field_ = field;
+  }
+
+  void field_as_map(const string& field, const string& key) {
+    map_field_ = field;
+    map_key_   = key;
+  }
+
+  void ignore_field(const string& field) {
+    ignored_field_ = field;
+  }
+
+  unittest::TestAllTypes proto1_;
+  unittest::TestAllTypes proto2_;
+
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings orderings_proto1_;
+  unittest::TestFieldOrderings orderings_proto2_;
+
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions proto1ex_;
+  unittest::TestAllExtensions proto2ex_;
+
+  unittest::TestDiffMessage proto1diff_;
+  unittest::TestDiffMessage proto2diff_;
+
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty1_;
+  unittest::TestEmptyMessage empty2_;
+
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown1_;
+  UnknownFieldSet* unknown2_;
+
+  bool use_equivalency_;
+  bool repeated_field_as_set_;
+
+  string set_field_;
+  string map_field_;
+  string map_key_;
+  string ignored_field_;
+};
+
+// Basic tests.
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, AdditionTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optional_int32: 101\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, Addition_OrderTest) {
+  orderings_proto1_.clear_my_int();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: my_int: 1\n",
+            RunOrder());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, DeletionTest) {
+  proto2_.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: optional_int32: 101\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, Deletion_OrderTest) {
+  orderings_proto2_.clear_my_string();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: my_string: \"foo\"\n",
+            RunOrder());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedDeletionTest) {
+  proto2_.clear_repeated_int32();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: repeated_int32[0]: 201\n"
+            "deleted: repeated_int32[1]: 301\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, ModificationTest) {
+  proto1_.set_optional_int32(-1);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: optional_int32: -1 -> 101\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+// Basic equivalency tests.
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EquivalencyAdditionTest) {
+  use_equivalency();
+
+  proto1_.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: optional_int32: 0 -> 101\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EquivalencyDeletionTest) {
+  use_equivalency();
+
+  proto2_.clear_optional_int32();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: optional_int32: 101 -> 0\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+// Group tests.
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, GroupAdditionTest) {
+  proto1_.mutable_optionalgroup()->clear_a();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optionalgroup.a: 117\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, GroupDeletionTest) {
+  proto2_.mutable_optionalgroup()->clear_a();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: optionalgroup.a: 117\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, GroupModificationTest) {
+  proto1_.mutable_optionalgroup()->set_a(2);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: optionalgroup.a: 2 -> 117\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, GroupFullAdditionTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optionalgroup();
+
+  // Note the difference in the output between this and GroupAdditionTest.
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optionalgroup: { a: 117 }\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, GroupFullDeletionTest) {
+  proto2_.clear_optionalgroup();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: optionalgroup: { a: 117 }\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedSetOptionTest) {
+  repeated_field_as_set();
+
+  proto2_.clear_repeatedgroup();
+  proto1_.clear_repeatedgroup();
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(317);
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(909);
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(907);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(904);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(907);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(909);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("moved: repeatedgroup[2] -> repeatedgroup[1] : { a: 907 }\n"
+            "moved: repeatedgroup[3] -> repeatedgroup[0] : { a: 909 }\n"
+            "deleted: repeatedgroup[0]: { a: 317 }\n"
+            "deleted: repeatedgroup[1]: { a: 904 }\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedSetOptionTest_Ex) {
+  repeated_field_as_set();
+
+  proto1ex_.ClearExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  proto2ex_.ClearExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  proto2ex_.AddExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(909);
+  proto2ex_.AddExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(907);
+  proto1ex_.AddExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(904);
+  proto1ex_.AddExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(907);
+  proto1ex_.AddExtension(protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension)
+      ->set_bb(909);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("moved: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[2] ->"
+            " (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[0] :"
+            " { bb: 909 }\n"
+            "deleted: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[0]:"
+            " { bb: 904 }\n",
+            RunEx());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedMapFieldTest_Group) {
+  field_as_map("repeatedgroup", "a");
+  proto1_.clear_repeatedgroup();
+  proto2_.clear_repeatedgroup();
+
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(317);  // deleted
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(904);  // deleted
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(907);  // moved from
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(909);  // moved from
+
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(909);  // moved to
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(318);  // added
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(907);  // moved to
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("moved: repeatedgroup[3] -> repeatedgroup[0] : { a: 909 }\n"
+            "added: repeatedgroup[1]: { a: 318 }\n"
+            "deleted: repeatedgroup[0]: { a: 317 }\n"
+            "deleted: repeatedgroup[1]: { a: 904 }\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedMapFieldTest_MessageKey) {
+  // Use m as key, but use b as value.
+  field_as_map("item", "m");
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+
+  // The following code creates one deletion, one addition and two moved fields
+  // on the messages.
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(0);
+  item->set_b("first");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(2);
+  item->set_b("second");
+  item = msg1.add_item(); item->set_b("null");  // empty key moved
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(3);
+  item->set_b("third");   // deletion
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(2);
+  item->set_b("second");  // duplicated key ( deletion )
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(2);
+  item->set_b("second");  // modification
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(4);
+  item->set_b("fourth");  // addition
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->mutable_m()->set_c(0);
+  item->set_b("fist");    // move with change
+  item = msg2.add_item(); item->set_b("null");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: item[0].b -> item[2].b: \"first\" -> \"fist\"\n"
+      "moved: item[1] -> item[0] : { b: \"second\" m { c: 2 } }\n"
+      "moved: item[2] -> item[3] : { b: \"null\" }\n"
+      "added: item[1]: { b: \"fourth\" m { c: 4 } }\n"
+      "deleted: item[3]: { b: \"third\" m { c: 3 } }\n"
+      "deleted: item[4]: { b: \"second\" m { c: 2 } }\n",
+      Run(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedFieldSetTest_SetOfSet) {
+  repeated_field_as_set();
+  // Create the testing protos
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(1); item->add_ra(2); item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(5); item->add_ra(6);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(1); item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6); item->add_ra(7); item->add_ra(8);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6); item->add_ra(5);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(6); item->add_ra(8);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(1); item->add_ra(3);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_ra(3); item->add_ra(2); item->add_ra(1);
+
+  // Compare
+  EXPECT_EQ("moved: item[0].ra[0] -> item[3].ra[2] : 1\n"
+            "moved: item[0].ra[2] -> item[3].ra[0] : 3\n"
+            "moved: item[0] -> item[3] : { ra: 1 ra: 2 ra: 3 }\n"
+            "moved: item[1].ra[0] -> item[0].ra[1] : 5\n"
+            "moved: item[1].ra[1] -> item[0].ra[0] : 6\n"
+            "moved: item[1] -> item[0] : { ra: 5 ra: 6 }\n"
+            "added: item[1]: { ra: 6 ra: 8 }\n"
+            "deleted: item[3]: { ra: 6 ra: 7 ra: 8 }\n",
+            Run(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedMapFieldTest_RepeatedKey) {
+  // used rb as a key, but b is the value.
+  repeated_field_as_set();
+  field_as_map("item", "rb");
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->add_rb("a");
+  item->add_rb("b");
+  item->set_b("first");
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_rb("c");
+  item->set_b("second");
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->add_rb("b");
+  item->add_rb("a");
+  item->set_b("fist");
+
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: item[0].b -> item[1].b: \"first\" -> \"fist\"\n"
+            "moved: item[0].rb[0] -> item[1].rb[1] : \"a\"\n"
+            "moved: item[0].rb[1] -> item[1].rb[0] : \"b\"\n"
+            "added: item[0]: { b: \"second\" rb: \"c\" }\n",
+            Run(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedMapFieldTest_RepeatedMessageKey) {
+  field_as_map("item", "rm");
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField* key = item->add_rm();
+  key->set_c(2); key->add_rc(10); key->add_rc(10);
+  item = msg1.add_item(); key = item->add_rm();
+  key->set_c(0); key->add_rc(1); key->add_rc(2);
+  key = item->add_rm();
+  key->set_c(0);
+  item->add_rb("first");
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->CopyFrom(msg1.item(1));
+  item->add_rb("second");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: item[0].rb[1]: \"second\"\n"
+            "deleted: item[0]: { rm { c: 2 rc: 10 rc: 10 } }\n",
+            Run(msg1, msg2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedSetOptionTest_Unknown) {
+  // Currently, as_set option doens't have affects on unknown field.
+  // If needed, this feature will be added by request.
+  repeated_field_as_set();
+  unknown1_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 3);
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+
+  // We expect it behaves the same as normal comparison.
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: 245[0].248[0]: 0x00000001 -> 0x00000003\n"
+            "added: 245[1]: { ... }\n",
+            RunUn());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, Matching_Unknown) {
+  unknown1_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+  unknown1_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 3);
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 3);
+  unknown2_->AddLengthDelimited(242, "cat");
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(246)->AddFixed32(248, 4);
+
+  // report_match is false so only added/modified fields are expected.
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: 242[0]: \"cat\"\n"
+            "added: 246[0]: { ... }\n",
+            RunUn());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, RepeatedSetFieldTest) {
+  field_as_set("repeatedgroup");
+
+  proto1_.clear_repeatedgroup();
+  proto2_.clear_repeatedgroup();
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(909);
+  proto2_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(907);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(317);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(904);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(907);
+  proto1_.add_repeatedgroup()->set_a(909);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("moved: repeatedgroup[2] -> repeatedgroup[1] : { a: 907 }\n"
+            "moved: repeatedgroup[3] -> repeatedgroup[0] : { a: 909 }\n"
+            "deleted: repeatedgroup[0]: { a: 317 }\n"
+            "deleted: repeatedgroup[1]: { a: 904 }\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+// Embedded message tests.
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EmbeddedAdditionTest) {
+  proto1_.mutable_optional_nested_message()->clear_bb();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optional_nested_message.bb: 118\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EmbeddedDeletionTest) {
+  proto2_.mutable_optional_nested_message()->clear_bb();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: optional_nested_message.bb: 118\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EmbeddedModificationTest) {
+  proto1_.mutable_optional_nested_message()->set_bb(2);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: optional_nested_message.bb: 2 -> 118\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EmbeddedFullAdditionTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optional_nested_message();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optional_nested_message: { bb: 118 }\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EmbeddedPartialAdditionTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optional_nested_message();
+  proto2_.mutable_optional_nested_message()->clear_bb();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optional_nested_message: { }\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EmbeddedFullDeletionTest) {
+  proto2_.clear_optional_nested_message();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: optional_nested_message: { bb: 118 }\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+// Repeated element tests.
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, BasicRepeatedTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_repeated_int32();
+  proto2_.clear_repeated_int32();
+
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(501);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(502);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(503);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(509);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(502);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(504);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: repeated_int32[1]: 501 -> 509\n"
+            "modified: repeated_int32[3]: 503 -> 504\n"
+            "deleted: repeated_int32[4]: 500\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, BasicRepeatedTest_SetOption) {
+  repeated_field_as_set();
+  proto1_.clear_repeated_int32();
+  proto2_.clear_repeated_int32();
+
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(501);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(502);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(503);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(509);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(503);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(502);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(504);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("moved: repeated_int32[1] -> repeated_int32[3] : 502\n"
+            "moved: repeated_int32[3] -> repeated_int32[0] : 500\n"
+            "added: repeated_int32[1]: 509\n"
+            "added: repeated_int32[4]: 504\n"
+            "deleted: repeated_int32[0]: 501\n"
+            "deleted: repeated_int32[4]: 500\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, BasicRepeatedTest_SetField) {
+  field_as_set("repeated_int32");
+  proto1_.clear_repeated_int32();
+  proto2_.clear_repeated_int32();
+
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(501);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(502);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(503);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+  proto1_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(500);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(509);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(503);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(502);
+  proto2_.add_repeated_int32(504);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("moved: repeated_int32[1] -> repeated_int32[3] : 502\n"
+            "moved: repeated_int32[3] -> repeated_int32[0] : 500\n"
+            "added: repeated_int32[1]: 509\n"
+            "added: repeated_int32[4]: 504\n"
+            "deleted: repeated_int32[0]: 501\n"
+            "deleted: repeated_int32[4]: 500\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+// Multiple action tests.
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, AddDeleteTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optional_int32();
+  proto2_.clear_optional_int64();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optional_int32: 101\n"
+            "deleted: optional_int64: 102\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, AddDelete_FieldOrderingTest) {
+  orderings_proto1_.ClearExtension(unittest::my_extension_string);
+  orderings_proto2_.clear_my_int();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("deleted: my_int: 1\n"
+            "added: (protobuf_unittest.my_extension_string): \"bar\"\n",
+            RunOrder());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, AllThreeTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optional_int32();
+  proto2_.clear_optional_float();
+  proto2_.set_optional_string("hello world!");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optional_int32: 101\n"
+            "deleted: optional_float: 111\n"
+            "modified: optional_string: \"115\" -> \"hello world!\"\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, SandwhichTest) {
+  proto1_.clear_optional_int64();
+  proto1_.clear_optional_uint32();
+
+  proto2_.clear_optional_uint64();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: optional_int64: 102\n"
+            "added: optional_uint32: 103\n"
+            "deleted: optional_uint64: 104\n",
+            Run());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredNoChangeTest) {
+  proto1diff_.set_v(3);
+  proto2diff_.set_v(3);
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("v");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("ignored: v\n"
+            "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+            RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredAddTest) {
+  proto2diff_.set_v(3);
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("v");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("ignored: v\n"
+            "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+            RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredDeleteTest) {
+  proto1diff_.set_v(3);
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("v");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("ignored: v\n"
+            "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+            RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredModifyTest) {
+  proto1diff_.set_v(3);
+  proto2diff_.set_v(4);
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("v");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("ignored: v\n"
+            "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+            RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredRepeatedAddTest) {
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(3);
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(4);
+
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(3);
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(4);
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(5);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("rv");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("ignored: rv\n"
+            "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+            RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredRepeatedDeleteTest) {
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(3);
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(4);
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(5);
+
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(3);
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(4);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("rv");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("ignored: rv\n"
+            "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+            RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredRepeatedModifyTest) {
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(3);
+  proto1diff_.add_rv(4);
+
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(3);
+  proto2diff_.add_rv(5);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("rv");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("ignored: rv\n"
+            "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+            RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredWholeNestedMessage) {
+  proto1diff_.mutable_m()->set_c(3);
+  proto2diff_.mutable_m()->set_c(4);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("m");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: w: \"foo\"\n"
+            "ignored: m\n",
+            RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredNestedField) {
+  proto1diff_.mutable_m()->set_c(3);
+  proto2diff_.mutable_m()->set_c(4);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("m.c");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: w: \"foo\"\n"
+            "ignored: m.c\n",
+            RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredRepeatedNested) {
+  proto1diff_.add_rm()->set_c(0);
+  proto1diff_.add_rm()->set_c(1);
+  proto2diff_.add_rm()->set_c(2);
+  proto2diff_.add_rm()->set_c(3);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("rm.c");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("ignored: rm[0].c\n"
+            "ignored: rm[1].c\n"
+            "added: w: \"foo\"\n",
+            RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, IgnoredNestedRepeated) {
+  proto1diff_.mutable_m()->add_rc(23);
+  proto1diff_.mutable_m()->add_rc(24);
+  proto2diff_.mutable_m()->add_rc(25);
+
+  proto2diff_.set_w("foo");
+
+  ignore_field("m.rc");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("added: w: \"foo\"\n"
+            "ignored: m.rc\n",
+            RunDiff());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, ExtensionTest) {
+  proto1ex_.SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension, 401);
+  proto2ex_.SetExtension(unittest::optional_int32_extension, 402);
+
+  proto1ex_.ClearExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension);
+  proto2ex_.SetExtension(unittest::optional_int64_extension, 403);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: (protobuf_unittest.optional_int32_extension): 401 -> 402\n"
+      "added: (protobuf_unittest.optional_int64_extension): 403\n",
+      RunEx());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, MatchedUnknownFieldTagTest) {
+  unknown1_->AddVarint(240, 122);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(240, 121);
+  unknown1_->AddFixed32(241, 1);
+  unknown2_->AddFixed64(241, 2);
+  unknown1_->AddLengthDelimited(242, "cat");
+  unknown2_->AddLengthDelimited(242, "dog");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: 240[0]: 122 -> 121\n"
+      "deleted: 241[0]: 0x00000001\n"
+      "added: 241[0]: 0x0000000000000002\n"
+      "modified: 242[0]: \"cat\" -> \"dog\"\n",
+      RunUn());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, UnmatchedUnknownFieldTagTest) {
+  unknown1_->AddFixed32(243, 1);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(244, 2);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(244, 4);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "deleted: 243[0]: 0x00000001\n"
+      "added: 244[0]: 2\n"
+      "added: 244[1]: 4\n",
+      RunUn());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, DifferentSizedUnknownFieldTest) {
+  unknown1_->AddVarint(240, 1);
+  unknown1_->AddVarint(240, 3);
+  unknown1_->AddVarint(240, 4);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(240, 2);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(240, 3);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(240, 2);
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(240, 5);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: 240[0]: 1 -> 2\n"
+      "modified: 240[2]: 4 -> 2\n"
+      "added: 240[3]: 5\n",
+      RunUn());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, UnknownFieldsAll) {
+  unknown1_->AddVarint(243, 122);
+  unknown1_->AddFixed64(244, 0x0172356);
+  unknown1_->AddFixed64(244, 0x098);
+  unknown1_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 1);
+  unknown1_->mutable_field(3)->mutable_group()->AddFixed32(248, 2);
+  unknown1_->AddGroup(249)->AddFixed64(250, 1);
+
+  unknown2_->AddVarint(243, 121);
+  unknown2_->AddLengthDelimited(73882, "test 123");
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(245)->AddFixed32(248, 3);
+  unknown2_->AddGroup(247);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "modified: 243[0]: 122 -> 121\n"
+      "deleted: 244[0]: 0x0000000000172356\n"
+      "deleted: 244[1]: 0x0000000000000098\n"
+      "modified: 245[0].248[0]: 0x00000001 -> 0x00000003\n"
+      "deleted: 245[0].248[1]: 0x00000002\n"
+      "added: 247[0]: { ... }\n"
+      "deleted: 249[0]: { ... }\n"
+      "added: 73882[0]: \"test 123\"\n",
+      RunUn());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ComparisonTest, EquivalentIgnoresUnknown) {
+  unittest::ForeignMessage message1, message2;
+
+  message1.set_c(5);
+  message1.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(123, 456);
+  message2.set_c(5);
+  message2.mutable_unknown_fields()->AddVarint(321, 654);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equals(message1, message2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(util::MessageDifferencer::Equivalent(message1, message2));
+}
+
+class MatchingTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  typedef util::MessageDifferencer MessageDifferencer;
+
+ protected:
+  MatchingTest() {
+  }
+
+  ~MatchingTest() {
+  }
+
+  string RunWithResult(MessageDifferencer* differencer,
+                              const Message& msg1, const Message& msg2,
+                              bool result) {
+    string output;
+    io::StringOutputStream output_stream(&output);
+    MessageDifferencer::StreamReporter reporter(&output_stream);
+    reporter.set_report_modified_aggregates(true);
+    differencer->set_report_matches(true);
+    differencer->ReportDifferencesTo(&reporter);
+    if (result) {
+      EXPECT_TRUE(differencer->Compare(msg1, msg2));
+    } else {
+      EXPECT_FALSE(differencer->Compare(msg1, msg2));
+    }
+    return output;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MatchingTest);
+};
+
+TEST_F(MatchingTest, StreamReporterMatching) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1, msg2;
+  msg1.set_c(72);
+  msg2.set_c(72);
+  msg1.add_rc(13);
+  msg2.add_rc(13);
+  msg1.add_rc(17);
+  msg2.add_rc(17);
+  string output;
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_report_matches(true);
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "matched: c : 72\n"
+      "matched: rc[0] : 13\n"
+      "matched: rc[1] : 17\n",
+      output);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MatchingTest, DontReportMatchedWhenIgnoring) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField msg1, msg2;
+  msg1.set_c(72);
+  msg2.set_c(72);
+  msg1.add_rc(13);
+  msg2.add_rc(13);
+  msg1.add_rc(17);
+  msg2.add_rc(17);
+  string output;
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.set_report_matches(true);
+  differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&output);
+
+  differencer.IgnoreField(msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("c"));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(differencer.Compare(msg1, msg2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "ignored: c\n"
+      "matched: rc[0] : 13\n"
+      "matched: rc[1] : 17\n",
+      output);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MatchingTest, ReportMatchedForMovedFields) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1, msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(53);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(27);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(53);
+  item->set_b("hello");
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(27);
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  const FieldDescriptor* desc;
+  desc = msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("item");
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(desc);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "matched: item[0].a -> item[1].a : 53\n"
+      "matched: item[0].b -> item[1].b : \"hello\"\n"
+      "moved: item[0] -> item[1] : { a: 53 b: \"hello\" }\n"
+      "matched: item[1].a -> item[0].a : 27\n"
+      "moved: item[1] -> item[0] : { a: 27 }\n",
+      RunWithResult(&differencer, msg1, msg2, true));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MatchingTest, MatchesAppearInPostTraversalOrderForMovedFields) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1, msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField* field;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* desc;
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_desc;
+  const FieldDescriptor* double_nested_desc;
+  desc = msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("item");
+  nested_desc = desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("rm");
+  double_nested_desc = nested_desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("rc");
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(desc);
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(nested_desc);
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(double_nested_desc);
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(1);
+  field->add_rc(2);
+  field->add_rc(3);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(4);
+  field->add_rc(5);
+  field->add_rc(6);
+  field->add_rc(7);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(4);
+  field->add_rc(7);
+  field->add_rc(6);
+  field->add_rc(5);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(1);
+  field->add_rc(3);
+  field->add_rc(2);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(8);
+  field->add_rc(10);
+  field->add_rc(11);
+  field->add_rc(9);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(8);
+  field->add_rc(9);
+  field->add_rc(10);
+  field->add_rc(11);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "matched: item[0].rm[0].c -> item[0].rm[1].c : 1\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[0].rc[0] -> item[0].rm[1].rc[1] : 2\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[0].rc[1] -> item[0].rm[1].rc[0] : 3\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[0] -> item[0].rm[1] : { c: 1 rc: 2 rc: 3 }\n"
+      "matched: item[0].rm[1].c -> item[0].rm[0].c : 4\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[1].rc[0] -> item[0].rm[0].rc[2] : 5\n"
+      "matched: item[0].rm[1].rc[1] -> item[0].rm[0].rc[1] : 6\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[1].rc[2] -> item[0].rm[0].rc[0] : 7\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[1] -> item[0].rm[0] : { c: 4 rc: 5 rc: 6 rc: 7 }\n"
+      "matched: item[0] : { rm { c: 1 rc: 2 rc: 3 }"
+                          " rm { c: 4 rc: 5 rc: 6 rc: 7 } }\n"
+      "matched: item[1].rm[0].c : 8\n"
+      "moved: item[1].rm[0].rc[0] -> item[1].rm[0].rc[1] : 10\n"
+      "moved: item[1].rm[0].rc[1] -> item[1].rm[0].rc[2] : 11\n"
+      "moved: item[1].rm[0].rc[2] -> item[1].rm[0].rc[0] : 9\n"
+      "matched: item[1].rm[0] : { c: 8 rc: 10 rc: 11 rc: 9 }\n"
+      "matched: item[1] : { rm { c: 8 rc: 10 rc: 11 rc: 9 } }\n",
+      RunWithResult(&differencer, msg1, msg2, true));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MatchingTest, MatchAndModifiedInterleaveProperly) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage msg1, msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestDiffMessage::Item* item;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField* field;
+
+  const FieldDescriptor* desc;
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_key;
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_desc;
+  const FieldDescriptor* double_nested_key;
+  const FieldDescriptor* double_nested_desc;
+  desc = msg1.GetDescriptor()->FindFieldByName("item");
+  nested_key = desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("a");
+  nested_desc = desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("rm");
+  double_nested_key = nested_desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("c");
+  double_nested_desc = nested_desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("rc");
+
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(desc, nested_key);
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(nested_desc, double_nested_key);
+  differencer.TreatAsSet(double_nested_desc);
+
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(2);
+  field->add_rc(3);
+  field->add_rc(4);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(5);
+  field->add_rc(6);
+  field->add_rc(7);
+  field->add_rc(8);
+  item = msg1.add_item();
+  item->set_a(9);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(10);
+  field->add_rc(11);
+  field->add_rc(12);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(13);
+
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(1);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(5);
+  field->add_rc(8);
+  field->add_rc(8);
+  field->add_rc(6);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(3);
+  field->add_rc(2);
+  field->add_rc(4);
+  item = msg2.add_item();
+  item->set_a(9);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(10);
+  field->add_rc(12);
+  field->add_rc(11);
+  field = item->add_rm();
+  field->set_c(13);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "matched: item[0].a : 1\n"
+      "matched: item[0].rm[1].c -> item[0].rm[0].c : 5\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[1].rc[0] -> item[0].rm[0].rc[2] : 6\n"
+      "moved: item[0].rm[1].rc[2] -> item[0].rm[0].rc[0] : 8\n"
+      "added: item[0].rm[0].rc[1]: 8\n"
+      "deleted: item[0].rm[1].rc[1]: 7\n"
+      "modified: item[0].rm[1] -> item[0].rm[0]: { c: 5 rc: 6 rc: 7 rc: 8 } ->"
+                                               " { c: 5 rc: 8 rc: 8 rc: 6 }\n"
+      "added: item[0].rm[1]: { c: 3 rc: 2 rc: 4 }\n"
+      "deleted: item[0].rm[0]: { c: 2 rc: 3 rc: 4 }\n"
+      "modified: item[0]: { a: 1 rm { c: 2 rc: 3 rc: 4 }"
+                               " rm { c: 5 rc: 6 rc: 7 rc: 8 } } ->"
+                        " { a: 1 rm { c: 5 rc: 8 rc: 8 rc: 6 }"
+                               " rm { c: 3 rc: 2 rc: 4 } }\n"
+      "matched: item[1].a : 9\n"
+      "matched: item[1].rm[0].c : 10\n"
+      "moved: item[1].rm[0].rc[0] -> item[1].rm[0].rc[1] : 11\n"
+      "moved: item[1].rm[0].rc[1] -> item[1].rm[0].rc[0] : 12\n"
+      "matched: item[1].rm[0] : { c: 10 rc: 11 rc: 12 }\n"
+      "matched: item[1].rm[1].c : 13\n"
+      "matched: item[1].rm[1] : { c: 13 }\n"
+      "matched: item[1] : { a: 9 rm { c: 10 rc: 11 rc: 12 } rm { c: 13 } }\n",
+      RunWithResult(&differencer, msg1, msg2, false));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MatchingTest, MatchingWorksWithExtensions) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllExtensions msg1, msg2;
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage* nested;
+  using protobuf_unittest::repeated_nested_message_extension;
+
+  const FileDescriptor* descriptor;
+  const FieldDescriptor* desc;
+  const FieldDescriptor* nested_key;
+  descriptor = msg1.GetDescriptor()->file();
+  desc = descriptor->FindExtensionByName("repeated_nested_message_extension");
+  ASSERT_FALSE(desc == NULL);
+  nested_key = desc->message_type()->FindFieldByName("bb");
+
+  MessageDifferencer differencer;
+  differencer.TreatAsMap(desc, nested_key);
+
+  nested = msg1.AddExtension(repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  nested->set_bb(7);
+  nested = msg1.AddExtension(repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  nested->set_bb(13);
+  nested = msg1.AddExtension(repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  nested->set_bb(11);
+  nested = msg2.AddExtension(repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  nested->set_bb(11);
+  nested = msg2.AddExtension(repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  nested->set_bb(13);
+  nested = msg2.AddExtension(repeated_nested_message_extension);
+  nested->set_bb(7);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "matched: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[0].bb ->"
+              " (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[2].bb : 7\n"
+      "moved: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[0] ->"
+            " (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[2] :"
+                " { bb: 7 }\n"
+      "matched: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[1].bb :"
+                  " 13\n"
+      "matched: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[1] :"
+                  " { bb: 13 }\n"
+      "matched: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[2].bb ->"
+              " (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[0].bb :"
+                  " 11\n"
+      "moved: (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[2] ->"
+            " (protobuf_unittest.repeated_nested_message_extension)[0] :"
+                " { bb: 11 }\n",
+      RunWithResult(&differencer, msg1, msg2, true));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyTest, Simple) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField value1, value2;
+  value1.set_a(20);
+  value2.set_a(21);
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny m1, m2;
+  m1.mutable_any_value()->PackFrom(value1);
+  m2.mutable_any_value()->PackFrom(value2);
+  util::MessageDifferencer message_differencer;
+  string difference_string;
+  message_differencer.ReportDifferencesToString(&difference_string);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message_differencer.Compare(m1, m2));
+  EXPECT_EQ("modified: any_value.a: 20 -> 21\n", difference_string);
+}
+
+TEST(Anytest, TreatAsSet) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestField value1, value2;
+  value1.set_a(20);
+  value1.set_b(30);
+  value2.set_a(20);
+  value2.set_b(31);
+
+  protobuf_unittest::TestAny m1, m2;
+  m1.add_repeated_any_value()->PackFrom(value1);
+  m1.add_repeated_any_value()->PackFrom(value2);
+  m2.add_repeated_any_value()->PackFrom(value2);
+  m2.add_repeated_any_value()->PackFrom(value1);
+
+  util::MessageDifferencer message_differencer;
+  message_differencer.TreatAsSet(GetFieldDescriptor(m1, "repeated_any_value"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(message_differencer.Compare(m1, m2));
+}
+
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..698775f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// This file contains messages for testing repeated field comparison
+
+syntax = "proto2";
+package protobuf_unittest;
+
+option optimize_for = SPEED;
+
+message TestField {
+  optional int32 a = 3;
+  optional int32 b = 4;
+  optional int32 c = 1;
+  repeated int32 rc = 2;
+  optional TestField m = 5;
+
+  extend TestDiffMessage {
+    optional TestField tf = 100;
+  }
+}
+
+message TestDiffMessage {
+  repeated group Item = 1 {
+    optional int32  a  =  2;     // Test basic repeated field comparison.
+    optional string b  =  4;     // Test basic repeated field comparison.
+    repeated int32  ra =  3;     // Test SetOfSet Comparison.
+    repeated string rb =  5;     // Test TreatAsMap when key is repeated
+    optional TestField m  = 6;   // Test TreatAsMap when key is a message
+    repeated TestField rm = 7;   // Test TreatAsMap when key is a repeated
+                                 // message
+  }
+
+  optional int32  v  = 13 [deprecated = true];
+  optional string w  = 14;
+  optional TestField m  = 15;
+  repeated int32  rv = 11;       // Test for combinations
+  repeated string rw = 10;       // Test for combinations
+  repeated TestField rm = 12 [deprecated = true];    // Test for combinations
+
+  extensions 100 to 199;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..77d4416a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TYPE_RESOLVER_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TYPE_RESOLVER_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class Type;
+class Enum;
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+
+namespace protobuf {
+class DescriptorPool;
+namespace util {
+
+// Abstract interface for a type resovler.
+//
+// Implementations of this interface must be thread-safe.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT TypeResolver {
+ public:
+  TypeResolver() {}
+  virtual ~TypeResolver() {}
+
+  // Resolves a type url for a message type.
+  virtual util::Status ResolveMessageType(
+      const string& type_url, google::protobuf::Type* message_type) = 0;
+
+  // Resolves a type url for an enum type.
+  virtual util::Status ResolveEnumType(const string& type_url,
+                                         google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type) = 0;
+
+ private:
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(TypeResolver);
+};
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TYPE_RESOLVER_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..053a4ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/status.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace {
+using google::protobuf::BoolValue;
+using google::protobuf::Enum;
+using google::protobuf::EnumValue;
+using google::protobuf::Field;
+using google::protobuf::Option;
+using google::protobuf::Type;
+
+using util::Status;
+using util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+using util::error::NOT_FOUND;
+
+bool SplitTypeUrl(const string& type_url,
+                  string* url_prefix,
+                  string* message_name) {
+  size_t pos = type_url.find_last_of("/");
+  if (pos == string::npos) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *url_prefix = type_url.substr(0, pos);
+  *message_name = type_url.substr(pos + 1);
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+class DescriptorPoolTypeResolver : public TypeResolver {
+ public:
+  DescriptorPoolTypeResolver(const string& url_prefix,
+                             const DescriptorPool* pool)
+      : url_prefix_(url_prefix), pool_(pool) {
+  }
+
+  Status ResolveMessageType(const string& type_url, Type* type) {
+    string url_prefix, message_name;
+    if (!SplitTypeUrl(type_url, &url_prefix, &message_name) ||
+        url_prefix != url_prefix_) {
+      return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Failed to parse type url: " + type_url);
+    }
+    if (url_prefix != url_prefix_) {
+      return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                    "Cannot resolve types from URL: " + url_prefix);
+    }
+    const Descriptor* descriptor = pool_->FindMessageTypeByName(message_name);
+    if (descriptor == NULL) {
+      return Status(NOT_FOUND, "Cannot found the type: " + message_name);
+    }
+    ConvertDescriptor(descriptor, type);
+    return Status();
+  }
+
+  Status ResolveEnumType(const string& type_url, Enum* enum_type) {
+    string url_prefix, type_name;
+    if (!SplitTypeUrl(type_url, &url_prefix, &type_name) ||
+        url_prefix != url_prefix_) {
+      return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT, "Failed to parse type url: " + type_url);
+    }
+    if (url_prefix != url_prefix_) {
+      return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+                    "Cannot resolve types from URL: " + url_prefix);
+    }
+    const EnumDescriptor* descriptor = pool_->FindEnumTypeByName(type_name);
+    if (descriptor == NULL) {
+      return Status(NOT_FOUND, "Cannot found the type: " + type_name);
+    }
+    ConvertEnumDescriptor(descriptor, enum_type);
+    return Status();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  void ConvertDescriptor(const Descriptor* descriptor, Type* type) {
+    type->Clear();
+    type->set_name(descriptor->full_name());
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
+      const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->field(i);
+      if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
+        // Group fields cannot be represented with Type. We discard them.
+        continue;
+      }
+      ConvertFieldDescriptor(descriptor->field(i), type->add_fields());
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->oneof_decl_count(); ++i) {
+      type->add_oneofs(descriptor->oneof_decl(i)->name());
+    }
+    type->mutable_source_context()->set_file_name(descriptor->file()->name());
+    ConvertMessageOptions(descriptor->options(), type->mutable_options());
+  }
+
+  void ConvertMessageOptions(const MessageOptions& options,
+                             RepeatedPtrField<Option>* output) {
+    if (options.map_entry()) {
+      Option* option = output->Add();
+      option->set_name("map_entry");
+      BoolValue value;
+      value.set_value(true);
+      option->mutable_value()->PackFrom(value);
+    }
+
+    // TODO(xiaofeng): Set other "options"?
+  }
+
+  void ConvertFieldDescriptor(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor, Field* field) {
+    field->set_kind(static_cast<Field::Kind>(descriptor->type()));
+    switch (descriptor->label()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_OPTIONAL:
+        field->set_cardinality(Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL);
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED:
+        field->set_cardinality(Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED);
+        break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED:
+        field->set_cardinality(Field::CARDINALITY_REQUIRED);
+        break;
+    }
+    field->set_number(descriptor->number());
+    field->set_name(descriptor->name());
+    if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      field->set_type_url(GetTypeUrl(descriptor->message_type()));
+    } else if (descriptor->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
+      field->set_type_url(GetTypeUrl(descriptor->enum_type()));
+    }
+    if (descriptor->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+      field->set_oneof_index(descriptor->containing_oneof()->index() + 1);
+    }
+    if (descriptor->is_packed()) {
+      field->set_packed(true);
+    }
+
+    // TODO(xiaofeng): Set other field "options"?
+  }
+
+  void ConvertEnumDescriptor(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor,
+                             Enum* enum_type) {
+    enum_type->Clear();
+    enum_type->set_name(descriptor->full_name());
+    enum_type->mutable_source_context()->set_file_name(
+        descriptor->file()->name());
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->value_count(); ++i) {
+      const EnumValueDescriptor* value_descriptor = descriptor->value(i);
+      EnumValue* value =
+          enum_type->mutable_enumvalue()->Add();
+      value->set_name(value_descriptor->name());
+      value->set_number(value_descriptor->number());
+
+      // TODO(xiaofeng): Set EnumValue options.
+    }
+    // TODO(xiaofeng): Set Enum "options".
+  }
+
+  string GetTypeUrl(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+    return url_prefix_ + "/" + descriptor->full_name();
+  }
+
+  string GetTypeUrl(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor) {
+    return url_prefix_ + "/" + descriptor->full_name();
+  }
+
+  string url_prefix_;
+  const DescriptorPool* pool_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TypeResolver* NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(
+    const string& url_prefix, const DescriptorPool* pool) {
+  return new DescriptorPoolTypeResolver(url_prefix, pool);
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0ef3c1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TYPE_RESOLVER_UTIL_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TYPE_RESOLVER_UTIL_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class DescriptorPool;
+namespace util {
+class TypeResolver;
+
+// Creates a TypeResolver that serves type information in the given descriptor
+// pool. Caller takes ownership of the returned TypeResolver.
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT TypeResolver* NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(
+    const string& url_prefix, const DescriptorPool* pool);
+
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTIL_TYPE_RESOLVER_UTIL_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74b2d0da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver_util.h>
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory>
+#ifndef _SHARED_PTR_H
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/shared_ptr.h>
+#endif
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/type.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/type_resolver.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace util {
+namespace {
+using google::protobuf::Type;
+using google::protobuf::Enum;
+using google::protobuf::Field;
+using google::protobuf::Option;
+using google::protobuf::BoolValue;
+
+static const char kUrlPrefix[] = "type.googleapis.com";
+
+class DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest : public testing::Test {
+ public:
+  DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest() {
+    resolver_.reset(NewTypeResolverForDescriptorPool(
+        kUrlPrefix, DescriptorPool::generated_pool()));
+  }
+
+  const Field* FindField(const Type& type, const string& name) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < type.fields_size(); ++i) {
+      const Field& field = type.fields(i);
+      if (field.name() == name) {
+        return &field;
+      }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  bool HasField(const Type& type, const string& name) {
+    return FindField(type, name) != NULL;
+  }
+
+  bool HasField(const Type& type, Field::Cardinality cardinality,
+                Field::Kind kind, const string& name, int number) {
+    const Field* field = FindField(type, name);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return field->cardinality() == cardinality &&
+        field->kind() == kind && field->number() == number;
+  }
+
+  bool CheckFieldTypeUrl(const Type& type, const string& name,
+                         const string& type_url) {
+    const Field* field = FindField(type, name);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return field->type_url() == type_url;
+  }
+
+  bool FieldInOneof(const Type& type, const string& name,
+                    const string& oneof_name) {
+    const Field* field = FindField(type, name);
+    if (field == NULL || field->oneof_index() <= 0 ||
+        field->oneof_index() > type.oneofs_size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return type.oneofs(field->oneof_index() - 1) == oneof_name;
+  }
+
+  bool IsPacked(const Type& type, const string& name) {
+    const Field* field = FindField(type, name);
+    if (field == NULL) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return field->packed();
+  }
+
+  bool EnumHasValue(const Enum& type, const string& name, int number) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < type.enumvalue_size(); ++i) {
+      if (type.enumvalue(i).name() == name &&
+          type.enumvalue(i).number() == number) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool HasBoolOption(const RepeatedPtrField<Option>& options,
+                     const string& name, bool value) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
+      const Option& option = options.Get(i);
+      if (option.name() == name) {
+        BoolValue bool_value;
+        if (option.value().UnpackTo(&bool_value) &&
+            bool_value.value() == value) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  string GetTypeUrl(string full_name) {
+    return kUrlPrefix + string("/") + full_name;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  string GetTypeUrl() {
+    return GetTypeUrl(T::descriptor()->full_name());
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<TypeResolver> resolver_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestAllTypes) {
+  Type type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(resolver_->ResolveMessageType(
+      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>(), &type).ok());
+  // Check all optional fields.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_INT32, "optional_int32", 1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_INT64, "optional_int64", 2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_UINT32, "optional_uint32", 3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_UINT64, "optional_uint64", 4));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_SINT32, "optional_sint32", 5));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_SINT64, "optional_sint64", 6));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_FIXED32, "optional_fixed32", 7));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_FIXED64, "optional_fixed64", 8));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_SFIXED32, "optional_sfixed32", 9));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_SFIXED64, "optional_sfixed64", 10));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_FLOAT, "optional_float", 11));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_DOUBLE, "optional_double", 12));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_BOOL, "optional_bool", 13));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_STRING, "optional_string", 14));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_BYTES, "optional_bytes", 15));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_MESSAGE, "optional_nested_message", 18));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_MESSAGE, "optional_foreign_message", 19));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "optional_nested_message",
+      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "optional_foreign_message",
+      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::ForeignMessage>()));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_ENUM, "optional_nested_enum", 21));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_ENUM, "optional_foreign_enum", 22));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "optional_nested_enum",
+      GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "optional_foreign_enum",
+      GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum")));
+
+  // Check all repeated fields.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_INT32, "repeated_int32", 31));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_INT64, "repeated_int64", 32));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_UINT32, "repeated_uint32", 33));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_UINT64, "repeated_uint64", 34));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_SINT32, "repeated_sint32", 35));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_SINT64, "repeated_sint64", 36));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_FIXED32, "repeated_fixed32", 37));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_FIXED64, "repeated_fixed64", 38));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_SFIXED32, "repeated_sfixed32", 39));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_SFIXED64, "repeated_sfixed64", 40));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_FLOAT, "repeated_float", 41));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_DOUBLE, "repeated_double", 42));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_BOOL, "repeated_bool", 43));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_STRING, "repeated_string", 44));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_BYTES, "repeated_bytes", 45));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_MESSAGE, "repeated_nested_message", 48));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_MESSAGE, "repeated_foreign_message", 49));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "repeated_nested_message",
+      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::NestedMessage>()));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "repeated_foreign_message",
+      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::ForeignMessage>()));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_ENUM, "repeated_nested_enum", 51));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_ENUM, "repeated_foreign_enum", 52));
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "repeated_nested_enum",
+      GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "repeated_foreign_enum",
+      GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.ForeignEnum")));
+
+  // Groups are discarded when converting to Type.
+  const Descriptor* descriptor = protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes::descriptor();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(descriptor->FindFieldByName("optionalgroup") != NULL);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(descriptor->FindFieldByName("repeatedgroup") != NULL);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(HasField(type, "optionalgroup"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(HasField(type, "repeatedgroup"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestPackedField) {
+  Type type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(resolver_->ResolveMessageType(
+      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestPackedTypes>(), &type).ok());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_INT32, "packed_int32", 90));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(IsPacked(type, "packed_int32"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestOneof) {
+  Type type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(resolver_->ResolveMessageType(
+      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestAllTypes>(), &type).ok());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_UINT32, "oneof_uint32", 111));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_MESSAGE, "oneof_nested_message", 112));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_STRING, "oneof_string", 113));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_OPTIONAL,
+                       Field::TYPE_BYTES, "oneof_bytes", 114));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldInOneof(type, "oneof_uint32", "oneof_field"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldInOneof(type, "oneof_nested_message", "oneof_field"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldInOneof(type, "oneof_string", "oneof_field"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(FieldInOneof(type, "oneof_bytes", "oneof_field"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestMap) {
+  Type type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(resolver_->ResolveMessageType(
+      GetTypeUrl<protobuf_unittest::TestMap>(), &type).ok());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasField(type, Field::CARDINALITY_REPEATED,
+                       Field::TYPE_MESSAGE, "map_int32_int32", 1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CheckFieldTypeUrl(
+      type, "map_int32_int32",
+      GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.TestMap.MapInt32Int32Entry")));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(resolver_->ResolveMessageType(
+      GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.TestMap.MapInt32Int32Entry"),
+      &type).ok());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasBoolOption(type.options(), "map_entry", true));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DescriptorPoolTypeResolverTest, TestEnum) {
+  Enum type;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(resolver_->ResolveEnumType(
+      GetTypeUrl("protobuf_unittest.TestAllTypes.NestedEnum"), &type).ok());
+  EnumHasValue(type, "FOO", 1);
+  EnumHasValue(type, "BAR", 2);
+  EnumHasValue(type, "BAZ", 3);
+  EnumHasValue(type, "NEG", -1);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace util
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/well_known_types_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/well_known_types_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9a9aa10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/well_known_types_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_well_known_types.pb.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/testing/googletest.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace {
+
+// This test only checks whether well-known types are included in protobuf
+// runtime library. The test passes if it compiles.
+TEST(WellKnownTypesTest, AllKnownTypesAreIncluded) {
+  protobuf_unittest::TestWellKnownTypes message;
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.any_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.api_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.duration_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.empty_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.field_mask_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.source_context_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.struct_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.timestamp_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.type_field().ByteSize());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.int32_field().ByteSize());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc
index f4f02157..c5db963b 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc
@@ -54,15 +54,6 @@ namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
 namespace internal {
 
-namespace {
-
-// This function turns out to be convenient when using some macros later.
-inline int GetEnumNumber(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor) {
-  return descriptor->number();
-}
-
-}  // anonymous namespace
-
 // ===================================================================
 
 bool UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper::SkipField(
@@ -141,7 +132,7 @@ bool WireFormat::SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag,
 
 bool WireFormat::SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input,
                              UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields) {
-  while(true) {
+  while (true) {
     uint32 tag = input->ReadTag();
     if (tag == 0) {
       // End of input.  This is a valid place to end, so return true.
@@ -159,6 +150,31 @@ bool WireFormat::SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input,
   }
 }
 
+bool WireFormat::ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                                uint32 field_number,
+                                                bool (*is_valid)(int),
+                                                UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields,
+                                                RepeatedField<int>* values) {
+  uint32 length;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint32(&length)) return false;
+  io::CodedInputStream::Limit limit = input->PushLimit(length);
+  while (input->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+    int value;
+    if (!google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+        int, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(input, &value)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (is_valid == NULL || is_valid(value)) {
+      values->Add(value);
+    } else {
+      unknown_fields->AddVarint(field_number, value);
+    }
+  }
+  input->PopLimit(limit);
+  return true;
+}
+
+
 void WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFields(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
                                         io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
   for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields.field_count(); i++) {
@@ -520,6 +536,14 @@ bool WireFormat::ParseAndMergeField(
                 field->enum_type()->FindValueByNumber(value);
             if (enum_value != NULL) {
               message_reflection->AddEnum(message, field, enum_value);
+            } else {
+              // The enum value is not one of the known values.  Add it to the
+              // UnknownFieldSet.
+              int64 sign_extended_value = static_cast<int64>(value);
+              message_reflection->MutableUnknownFields(message)
+                  ->AddVarint(
+                      WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag),
+                      sign_extended_value);
             }
           }
         }
@@ -796,7 +820,7 @@ void WireFormat::SerializeFieldWithCachedSizes(
     count = 1;
   }
 
-  const bool is_packed = field->options().packed();
+  const bool is_packed = field->is_packed();
   if (is_packed && count > 0) {
     WireFormatLite::WriteTag(field->number(),
         WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, output);
@@ -963,7 +987,7 @@ int WireFormat::FieldByteSize(
 
   const int data_size = FieldDataOnlyByteSize(field, message);
   int our_size = data_size;
-  if (field->options().packed()) {
+  if (field->is_packed()) {
     if (data_size > 0) {
       // Packed fields get serialized like a string, not their native type.
       // Technically this doesn't really matter; the size only changes if it's
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.h b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.h
index 9f26eb29..84270fee 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.h
@@ -138,6 +138,14 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormat {
   static bool SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input,
                           UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
 
+  // Read a packed enum field. If the is_valid function is not NULL, values for
+  // which is_valid(value) returns false are appended to unknown_fields_stream.
+  static bool ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(io::CodedInputStream* input,
+                                             uint32 field_number,
+                                             bool (*is_valid)(int),
+                                             UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields,
+                                             RepeatedField<int>* values);
+
   // Write the contents of an UnknownFieldSet to the output.
   static void SerializeUnknownFields(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
                                      io::CodedOutputStream* output);
@@ -282,7 +290,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper : public FieldSkipper {
 
 inline WireFormatLite::WireType WireFormat::WireTypeForField(
     const FieldDescriptor* field) {
-  if (field->options().packed()) {
+  if (field->is_packed()) {
     return WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
   } else {
     return WireTypeForFieldType(field->type());
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc
index 50616551..2ce4920c 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc
@@ -304,6 +304,34 @@ bool WireFormatLite::ReadPackedEnumNoInline(io::CodedInputStream* input,
   return true;
 }
 
+bool WireFormatLite::ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input,
+    int field_number,
+    bool (*is_valid)(int),
+    io::CodedOutputStream* unknown_fields_stream,
+    RepeatedField<int>* values) {
+  uint32 length;
+  if (!input->ReadVarint32(&length)) return false;
+  io::CodedInputStream::Limit limit = input->PushLimit(length);
+  while (input->BytesUntilLimit() > 0) {
+    int value;
+    if (!google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+        int, WireFormatLite::TYPE_ENUM>(input, &value)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (is_valid == NULL || is_valid(value)) {
+      values->Add(value);
+    } else {
+      uint32 tag = WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field_number,
+                                           WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      unknown_fields_stream->WriteVarint32(tag);
+      unknown_fields_stream->WriteVarint32(value);
+    }
+  }
+  input->PopLimit(limit);
+  return true;
+}
+
 void WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(int field_number, int32 value,
                                 io::CodedOutputStream* output) {
   WriteTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_VARINT, output);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
index acf88ead..ac83abdc 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
@@ -291,11 +291,20 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormatLite {
   template <typename CType, enum FieldType DeclaredType>
   static bool ReadPackedPrimitiveNoInline(input, RepeatedField<CType>* value);
 
-  // Read a packed enum field. Values for which is_valid() returns false are
-  // dropped. If is_valid == NULL, no values are dropped.
+  // Read a packed enum field. If the is_valid function is not NULL, values for
+  // which is_valid(value) returns false are silently dropped.
   static bool ReadPackedEnumNoInline(input,
                                      bool (*is_valid)(int),
-                                     RepeatedField<int>* value);
+                                     RepeatedField<int>* values);
+
+  // Read a packed enum field. If the is_valid function is not NULL, values for
+  // which is_valid(value) returns false are appended to unknown_fields_stream.
+  static bool ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(
+      input,
+      field_number,
+      bool (*is_valid)(int),
+      io::CodedOutputStream* unknown_fields_stream,
+      RepeatedField<int>* values);
 
   // Read a string.  ReadString(..., string* value) requires an existing string.
   static inline bool ReadString(input, string* value);
@@ -321,6 +330,17 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormatLite {
   template<typename MessageType>
   static inline bool ReadMessageNoVirtual(input, MessageType* value);
 
+  // The same, but do not modify input's recursion depth.  This is useful
+  // when reading a bunch of groups or messages in a loop, because then the
+  // recursion depth can be incremented before the loop and decremented after.
+  template<typename MessageType>
+  static inline bool ReadGroupNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(field_number, input,
+                                                        MessageType* value);
+
+  template<typename MessageType>
+  static inline bool ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(input,
+                                                          MessageType* value);
+
   // Write a tag.  The Write*() functions typically include the tag, so
   // normally there's no need to call this unless using the Write*NoTag()
   // variants.
@@ -647,7 +667,7 @@ inline double WireFormatLite::DecodeDouble(uint64 value) {
 
 inline uint32 WireFormatLite::ZigZagEncode32(int32 n) {
   // Note:  the right-shift must be arithmetic
-  return (n << 1) ^ (n >> 31);
+  return (static_cast<uint32>(n) << 1) ^ (n >> 31);
 }
 
 inline int32 WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode32(uint32 n) {
@@ -656,7 +676,7 @@ inline int32 WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode32(uint32 n) {
 
 inline uint64 WireFormatLite::ZigZagEncode64(int64 n) {
   // Note:  the right-shift must be arithmetic
-  return (n << 1) ^ (n >> 63);
+  return (static_cast<uint64>(n) << 1) ^ (n >> 63);
 }
 
 inline int64 WireFormatLite::ZigZagDecode64(uint64 n) {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h
index 129fc63f..d073ff92 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadGroupNoVirtual(
   if (!value->
       MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::MergePartialFromCodedStream(input))
     return false;
-  input->DecrementRecursionDepth();
+  input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();
   // Make sure the last thing read was an end tag for this group.
   if (!input->LastTagWas(MakeTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP))) {
     return false;
@@ -478,6 +478,14 @@ inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadGroupNoVirtual(
   return true;
 }
 template<typename MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadGroupNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+    int field_number, io::CodedInputStream* input,
+    MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect* value) {
+  return value->MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::
+             MergePartialFromCodedStream(input) &&
+         input->LastTagWas(MakeTag(field_number, WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+}
+template<typename MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect>
 inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
     io::CodedInputStream* input, MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect* value) {
   uint32 length;
@@ -491,6 +499,17 @@ inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
   // tag.
   return input->DecrementRecursionDepthAndPopLimit(p.first);
 }
+template<typename MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect>
+inline bool WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtualNoRecursionDepth(
+    io::CodedInputStream* input, MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect* value) {
+  io::CodedInputStream::Limit old_limit = input->ReadLengthAndPushLimit();
+  if (!value->
+      MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::MergePartialFromCodedStream(input))
+    return false;
+  // Make sure that parsing stopped when the limit was hit, not at an endgroup
+  // tag.
+  return input->CheckEntireMessageConsumedAndPopLimit(old_limit);
+}
 
 // ===================================================================
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_unittest.cc
index a3062a6a..aef22b29 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_unittest.cc
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unittest_proto3_arena.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unittest_mset.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/test_util.h>
 
@@ -767,7 +768,7 @@ TEST(WireFormatTest, RepeatedScalarsDifferentTagSizes) {
 }
 
 TEST(WireFormatTest, CompatibleTypes) {
-  const int64 data = 0x100000000;
+  const int64 data = 0x100000000LL;
   unittest::Int64Message msg1;
   msg1.set_data(data);
   string serialized;
@@ -794,6 +795,169 @@ TEST(WireFormatTest, CompatibleTypes) {
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32>(data), msg5.data());
 }
 
+class Proto3PrimitiveRepeatedWireFormatTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  Proto3PrimitiveRepeatedWireFormatTest()
+      : packedTestAllTypes_(
+            "\xFA\x01\x01\x01"
+            "\x82\x02\x01\x01"
+            "\x8A\x02\x01\x01"
+            "\x92\x02\x01\x01"
+            "\x9A\x02\x01\x02"
+            "\xA2\x02\x01\x02"
+            "\xAA\x02\x04\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xB2\x02\x08\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xBA\x02\x04\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xC2\x02\x08\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xCA\x02\x04\x00\x00\x80\x3f"
+            "\xD2\x02\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0\x3f"
+            "\xDA\x02\x01\x01"
+            "\x9A\x03\x01\x01",
+            86),
+        packedTestUnpackedTypes_(
+            "\x0A\x01\x01"
+            "\x12\x01\x01"
+            "\x1A\x01\x01"
+            "\x22\x01\x01"
+            "\x2A\x01\x02"
+            "\x32\x01\x02"
+            "\x3A\x04\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x42\x08\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x4A\x04\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x52\x08\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x5A\x04\x00\x00\x80\x3f"
+            "\x62\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0\x3f"
+            "\x6A\x01\x01"
+            "\x72\x01\x01",
+            72),
+        unpackedTestAllTypes_(
+            "\xF8\x01\x01"
+            "\x80\x02\x01"
+            "\x88\x02\x01"
+            "\x90\x02\x01"
+            "\x98\x02\x02"
+            "\xA0\x02\x02"
+            "\xAD\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xB1\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xBD\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xC1\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\xCD\x02\x00\x00\x80\x3f"
+            "\xD1\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0\x3f"
+            "\xD8\x02\x01"
+            "\x98\x03\x01",
+            72),
+        unpackedTestUnpackedTypes_(
+            "\x08\x01"
+            "\x10\x01"
+            "\x18\x01"
+            "\x20\x01"
+            "\x28\x02"
+            "\x30\x02"
+            "\x3D\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x41\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x4D\x01\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x51\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+            "\x5D\x00\x00\x80\x3f"
+            "\x61\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf0\x3f"
+            "\x68\x01"
+            "\x70\x01",
+            58) {}
+  template <class Proto>
+  void SetProto3PrimitiveRepeatedFields(Proto* message) {
+    message->add_repeated_int32(1);
+    message->add_repeated_int64(1);
+    message->add_repeated_uint32(1);
+    message->add_repeated_uint64(1);
+    message->add_repeated_sint32(1);
+    message->add_repeated_sint64(1);
+    message->add_repeated_fixed32(1);
+    message->add_repeated_fixed64(1);
+    message->add_repeated_sfixed32(1);
+    message->add_repeated_sfixed64(1);
+    message->add_repeated_float(1.0);
+    message->add_repeated_double(1.0);
+    message->add_repeated_bool(true);
+    message->add_repeated_nested_enum(
+        proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_FOO);
+  }
+
+  template <class Proto>
+  void ExpectProto3PrimitiveRepeatedFieldsSet(const Proto& message) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_int32(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_int64(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_uint32(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_uint64(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sint32(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sint64(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_fixed32(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_fixed64(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sfixed32(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, message.repeated_sfixed64(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1.0, message.repeated_float(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1.0, message.repeated_double(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(true, message.repeated_bool(0));
+    EXPECT_EQ(proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes_NestedEnum_FOO,
+              message.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  }
+
+  template <class Proto>
+  void TestSerialization(Proto* message, const string& expected) {
+    SetProto3PrimitiveRepeatedFields(message);
+
+    int size = message->ByteSize();
+
+    // Serialize using the generated code.
+    string generated_data;
+    {
+      io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&generated_data);
+      io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+      message->SerializeWithCachedSizes(&output);
+      ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(expected == generated_data);
+
+    // Serialize using the dynamic code.
+    string dynamic_data;
+    {
+      io::StringOutputStream raw_output(&dynamic_data);
+      io::CodedOutputStream output(&raw_output);
+      WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes(*message, size, &output);
+      ASSERT_FALSE(output.HadError());
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(expected == dynamic_data);
+  }
+
+  template <class Proto>
+  void TestParsing(Proto* message, const string& compatible_data) {
+    message->Clear();
+    message->ParseFromString(compatible_data);
+    ExpectProto3PrimitiveRepeatedFieldsSet(*message);
+
+    message->Clear();
+    io::CodedInputStream input(
+        reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(compatible_data.data()),
+        compatible_data.size());
+    WireFormat::ParseAndMergePartial(&input, message);
+    ExpectProto3PrimitiveRepeatedFieldsSet(*message);
+  }
+
+  const string packedTestAllTypes_;
+  const string packedTestUnpackedTypes_;
+  const string unpackedTestAllTypes_;
+  const string unpackedTestUnpackedTypes_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(Proto3PrimitiveRepeatedWireFormatTest, Proto3PrimitiveRepeated) {
+  proto3_arena_unittest::TestAllTypes packed_message;
+  proto3_arena_unittest::TestUnpackedTypes unpacked_message;
+  TestSerialization(&packed_message, packedTestAllTypes_);
+  TestParsing(&packed_message, packedTestAllTypes_);
+  TestParsing(&packed_message, unpackedTestAllTypes_);
+  TestSerialization(&unpacked_message, unpackedTestUnpackedTypes_);
+  TestParsing(&unpacked_message, packedTestUnpackedTypes_);
+  TestParsing(&unpacked_message, unpackedTestUnpackedTypes_);
+}
+
 class WireFormatInvalidInputTest : public testing::Test {
  protected:
   // Make a serialized TestAllTypes in which the field optional_nested_message
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db75db15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,2419 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+#define INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PROTOBUF_FIELD_DEPRECATION
+#include "google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace {
+
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* DoubleValue_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  DoubleValue_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FloatValue_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  FloatValue_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Int64Value_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Int64Value_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* UInt64Value_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  UInt64Value_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Int32Value_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  Int32Value_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* UInt32Value_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  UInt32Value_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* BoolValue_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  BoolValue_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* StringValue_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  StringValue_reflection_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* BytesValue_descriptor_ = NULL;
+const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
+  BytesValue_reflection_ = NULL;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file =
+    ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
+      "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto");
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL);
+  DoubleValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(0);
+  static const int DoubleValue_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DoubleValue, value_),
+  };
+  DoubleValue_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      DoubleValue_descriptor_,
+      DoubleValue::default_instance_,
+      DoubleValue_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(DoubleValue),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DoubleValue, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DoubleValue, _is_default_instance_));
+  FloatValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(1);
+  static const int FloatValue_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FloatValue, value_),
+  };
+  FloatValue_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      FloatValue_descriptor_,
+      FloatValue::default_instance_,
+      FloatValue_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(FloatValue),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FloatValue, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FloatValue, _is_default_instance_));
+  Int64Value_descriptor_ = file->message_type(2);
+  static const int Int64Value_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int64Value, value_),
+  };
+  Int64Value_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Int64Value_descriptor_,
+      Int64Value::default_instance_,
+      Int64Value_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Int64Value),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int64Value, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int64Value, _is_default_instance_));
+  UInt64Value_descriptor_ = file->message_type(3);
+  static const int UInt64Value_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt64Value, value_),
+  };
+  UInt64Value_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      UInt64Value_descriptor_,
+      UInt64Value::default_instance_,
+      UInt64Value_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(UInt64Value),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt64Value, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt64Value, _is_default_instance_));
+  Int32Value_descriptor_ = file->message_type(4);
+  static const int Int32Value_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int32Value, value_),
+  };
+  Int32Value_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      Int32Value_descriptor_,
+      Int32Value::default_instance_,
+      Int32Value_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(Int32Value),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int32Value, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int32Value, _is_default_instance_));
+  UInt32Value_descriptor_ = file->message_type(5);
+  static const int UInt32Value_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt32Value, value_),
+  };
+  UInt32Value_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      UInt32Value_descriptor_,
+      UInt32Value::default_instance_,
+      UInt32Value_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(UInt32Value),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt32Value, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt32Value, _is_default_instance_));
+  BoolValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(6);
+  static const int BoolValue_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BoolValue, value_),
+  };
+  BoolValue_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      BoolValue_descriptor_,
+      BoolValue::default_instance_,
+      BoolValue_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(BoolValue),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BoolValue, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BoolValue, _is_default_instance_));
+  StringValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(7);
+  static const int StringValue_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(StringValue, value_),
+  };
+  StringValue_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      StringValue_descriptor_,
+      StringValue::default_instance_,
+      StringValue_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(StringValue),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(StringValue, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(StringValue, _is_default_instance_));
+  BytesValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(8);
+  static const int BytesValue_offsets_[1] = {
+    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BytesValue, value_),
+  };
+  BytesValue_reflection_ =
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
+      BytesValue_descriptor_,
+      BytesValue::default_instance_,
+      BytesValue_offsets_,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      -1,
+      sizeof(BytesValue),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BytesValue, _internal_metadata_),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BytesValue, _is_default_instance_));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
+inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
+}
+
+void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      DoubleValue_descriptor_, &DoubleValue::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      FloatValue_descriptor_, &FloatValue::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Int64Value_descriptor_, &Int64Value::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      UInt64Value_descriptor_, &UInt64Value::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      Int32Value_descriptor_, &Int32Value::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      UInt32Value_descriptor_, &UInt32Value::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      BoolValue_descriptor_, &BoolValue::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      StringValue_descriptor_, &StringValue::default_instance());
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
+      BytesValue_descriptor_, &BytesValue::default_instance());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  delete DoubleValue::default_instance_;
+  delete DoubleValue_reflection_;
+  delete FloatValue::default_instance_;
+  delete FloatValue_reflection_;
+  delete Int64Value::default_instance_;
+  delete Int64Value_reflection_;
+  delete UInt64Value::default_instance_;
+  delete UInt64Value_reflection_;
+  delete Int32Value::default_instance_;
+  delete Int32Value_reflection_;
+  delete UInt32Value::default_instance_;
+  delete UInt32Value_reflection_;
+  delete BoolValue::default_instance_;
+  delete BoolValue_reflection_;
+  delete StringValue::default_instance_;
+  delete StringValue_reflection_;
+  delete BytesValue::default_instance_;
+  delete BytesValue_reflection_;
+}
+
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  static bool already_here = false;
+  if (already_here) return;
+  already_here = true;
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
+    "\n\036google/protobuf/wrappers.proto\022\017google"
+    ".protobuf\"\034\n\013DoubleValue\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\001\""
+    "\033\n\nFloatValue\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\002\"\033\n\nInt64Val"
+    "ue\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\003\"\034\n\013UInt64Value\022\r\n\005valu"
+    "e\030\001 \001(\004\"\033\n\nInt32Value\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\005\"\034\n\013"
+    "UInt32Value\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\r\"\032\n\tBoolValue\022"
+    "\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\010\"\034\n\013StringValue\022\r\n\005value\030\001"
+    " \001(\t\"\033\n\nBytesValue\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\014BM\n\023com"
+    ".google.protobufB\rWrappersProtoP\001\242\002\003GPB\252"
+    "\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 400);
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
+    "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
+  DoubleValue::default_instance_ = new DoubleValue();
+  FloatValue::default_instance_ = new FloatValue();
+  Int64Value::default_instance_ = new Int64Value();
+  UInt64Value::default_instance_ = new UInt64Value();
+  Int32Value::default_instance_ = new Int32Value();
+  UInt32Value::default_instance_ = new UInt32Value();
+  BoolValue::default_instance_ = new BoolValue();
+  StringValue::default_instance_ = new StringValue();
+  BytesValue::default_instance_ = new BytesValue();
+  DoubleValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  FloatValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Int64Value::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  UInt64Value::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Int32Value::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  UInt32Value::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  BoolValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  StringValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  BytesValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
+}
+
+// Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
+struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto {
+  StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+    protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  }
+} static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_;
+
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << __FILE__ << ":" << line;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int DoubleValue::kValueFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+DoubleValue::DoubleValue()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+DoubleValue::DoubleValue(const DoubleValue& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+
+DoubleValue::~DoubleValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* DoubleValue::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return DoubleValue_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const DoubleValue& DoubleValue::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+DoubleValue* DoubleValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+DoubleValue* DoubleValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  DoubleValue* n = new DoubleValue;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::Clear() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+
+bool DoubleValue::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional double value = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 9) {
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   double, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_DOUBLE>(
+                 input, &value_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  // optional double value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteDouble(1, this->value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* DoubleValue::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  // optional double value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteDoubleToArray(1, this->value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int DoubleValue::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional double value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 + 8;
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const DoubleValue* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const DoubleValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::MergeFrom(const DoubleValue& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.value() != 0) {
+    set_value(from.value());
+  }
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::CopyFrom(const DoubleValue& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool DoubleValue::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::Swap(DoubleValue* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void DoubleValue::InternalSwap(DoubleValue* other) {
+  std::swap(value_, other->value_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata DoubleValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = DoubleValue_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = DoubleValue_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// DoubleValue
+
+// optional double value = 1;
+void DoubleValue::clear_value() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+ double DoubleValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DoubleValue.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+ void DoubleValue::set_value(double value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DoubleValue.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int FloatValue::kValueFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+FloatValue::FloatValue()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+}
+
+void FloatValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+FloatValue::FloatValue(const FloatValue& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+}
+
+void FloatValue::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+
+FloatValue::~FloatValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void FloatValue::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void FloatValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FloatValue::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return FloatValue_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const FloatValue& FloatValue::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+FloatValue* FloatValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+FloatValue* FloatValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  FloatValue* n = new FloatValue;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void FloatValue::Clear() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+
+bool FloatValue::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional float value = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 13) {
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   float, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_FLOAT>(
+                 input, &value_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void FloatValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  // optional float value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteFloat(1, this->value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* FloatValue::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  // optional float value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteFloatToArray(1, this->value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int FloatValue::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional float value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 + 4;
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void FloatValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const FloatValue* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FloatValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void FloatValue::MergeFrom(const FloatValue& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.value() != 0) {
+    set_value(from.value());
+  }
+}
+
+void FloatValue::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void FloatValue::CopyFrom(const FloatValue& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool FloatValue::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void FloatValue::Swap(FloatValue* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void FloatValue::InternalSwap(FloatValue* other) {
+  std::swap(value_, other->value_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata FloatValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = FloatValue_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = FloatValue_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// FloatValue
+
+// optional float value = 1;
+void FloatValue::clear_value() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+ float FloatValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FloatValue.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+ void FloatValue::set_value(float value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FloatValue.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Int64Value::kValueFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Int64Value::Int64Value()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+}
+
+void Int64Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+Int64Value::Int64Value(const Int64Value& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+}
+
+void Int64Value::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  value_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+
+Int64Value::~Int64Value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Int64Value::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void Int64Value::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Int64Value::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Int64Value_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Int64Value& Int64Value::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Int64Value* Int64Value::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Int64Value* Int64Value::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Int64Value* n = new Int64Value;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Int64Value::Clear() {
+  value_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+
+bool Int64Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional int64 value = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 8) {
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::int64, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT64>(
+                 input, &value_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Int64Value::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  // optional int64 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt64(1, this->value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Int64Value::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  // optional int64 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt64ToArray(1, this->value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Int64Value::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional int64 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int64Size(
+        this->value());
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Int64Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Int64Value* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Int64Value>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Int64Value::MergeFrom(const Int64Value& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.value() != 0) {
+    set_value(from.value());
+  }
+}
+
+void Int64Value::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Int64Value::CopyFrom(const Int64Value& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Int64Value::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Int64Value::Swap(Int64Value* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Int64Value::InternalSwap(Int64Value* other) {
+  std::swap(value_, other->value_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Int64Value::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Int64Value_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Int64Value_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Int64Value
+
+// optional int64 value = 1;
+void Int64Value::clear_value() {
+  value_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int64 Int64Value::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Int64Value.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+ void Int64Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Int64Value.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int UInt64Value::kValueFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+UInt64Value::UInt64Value()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+UInt64Value::UInt64Value(const UInt64Value& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  value_ = GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0);
+}
+
+UInt64Value::~UInt64Value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* UInt64Value::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return UInt64Value_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const UInt64Value& UInt64Value::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+UInt64Value* UInt64Value::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+UInt64Value* UInt64Value::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  UInt64Value* n = new UInt64Value;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::Clear() {
+  value_ = GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0);
+}
+
+bool UInt64Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional uint64 value = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 8) {
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::uint64, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT64>(
+                 input, &value_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  // optional uint64 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64(1, this->value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* UInt64Value::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  // optional uint64 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteUInt64ToArray(1, this->value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int UInt64Value::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional uint64 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::UInt64Size(
+        this->value());
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const UInt64Value* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const UInt64Value>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::MergeFrom(const UInt64Value& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.value() != 0) {
+    set_value(from.value());
+  }
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::CopyFrom(const UInt64Value& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool UInt64Value::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::Swap(UInt64Value* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void UInt64Value::InternalSwap(UInt64Value* other) {
+  std::swap(value_, other->value_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata UInt64Value::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = UInt64Value_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = UInt64Value_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// UInt64Value
+
+// optional uint64 value = 1;
+void UInt64Value::clear_value() {
+  value_ = GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0);
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::uint64 UInt64Value::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UInt64Value.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+ void UInt64Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::uint64 value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UInt64Value.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int Int32Value::kValueFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+Int32Value::Int32Value()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+}
+
+void Int32Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+Int32Value::Int32Value(const Int32Value& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+}
+
+void Int32Value::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+
+Int32Value::~Int32Value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void Int32Value::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void Int32Value::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Int32Value::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return Int32Value_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const Int32Value& Int32Value::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+Int32Value* Int32Value::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+Int32Value* Int32Value::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  Int32Value* n = new Int32Value;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void Int32Value::Clear() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+
+bool Int32Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional int32 value = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 8) {
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
+                 input, &value_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void Int32Value::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  // optional int32 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(1, this->value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* Int32Value::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  // optional int32 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(1, this->value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int Int32Value::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional int32 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
+        this->value());
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void Int32Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Int32Value* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Int32Value>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void Int32Value::MergeFrom(const Int32Value& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.value() != 0) {
+    set_value(from.value());
+  }
+}
+
+void Int32Value::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void Int32Value::CopyFrom(const Int32Value& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool Int32Value::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Int32Value::Swap(Int32Value* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void Int32Value::InternalSwap(Int32Value* other) {
+  std::swap(value_, other->value_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata Int32Value::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = Int32Value_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = Int32Value_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// Int32Value
+
+// optional int32 value = 1;
+void Int32Value::clear_value() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::int32 Int32Value::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Int32Value.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+ void Int32Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Int32Value.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int UInt32Value::kValueFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+UInt32Value::UInt32Value()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+UInt32Value::UInt32Value(const UInt32Value& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  value_ = 0u;
+}
+
+UInt32Value::~UInt32Value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* UInt32Value::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return UInt32Value_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const UInt32Value& UInt32Value::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+UInt32Value* UInt32Value::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+UInt32Value* UInt32Value::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  UInt32Value* n = new UInt32Value;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::Clear() {
+  value_ = 0u;
+}
+
+bool UInt32Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional uint32 value = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 8) {
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   ::google::protobuf::uint32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT32>(
+                 input, &value_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  // optional uint32 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32(1, this->value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* UInt32Value::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  // optional uint32 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteUInt32ToArray(1, this->value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int UInt32Value::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional uint32 value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::UInt32Size(
+        this->value());
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const UInt32Value* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const UInt32Value>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::MergeFrom(const UInt32Value& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.value() != 0) {
+    set_value(from.value());
+  }
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::CopyFrom(const UInt32Value& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool UInt32Value::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::Swap(UInt32Value* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void UInt32Value::InternalSwap(UInt32Value* other) {
+  std::swap(value_, other->value_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata UInt32Value::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = UInt32Value_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = UInt32Value_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// UInt32Value
+
+// optional uint32 value = 1;
+void UInt32Value::clear_value() {
+  value_ = 0u;
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::uint32 UInt32Value::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UInt32Value.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+ void UInt32Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::uint32 value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UInt32Value.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int BoolValue::kValueFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+BoolValue::BoolValue()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+}
+
+void BoolValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+BoolValue::BoolValue(const BoolValue& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+}
+
+void BoolValue::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  value_ = false;
+}
+
+BoolValue::~BoolValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void BoolValue::SharedDtor() {
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void BoolValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* BoolValue::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return BoolValue_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const BoolValue& BoolValue::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+BoolValue* BoolValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+BoolValue* BoolValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  BoolValue* n = new BoolValue;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void BoolValue::Clear() {
+  value_ = false;
+}
+
+bool BoolValue::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional bool value = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 8) {
+          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
+                   bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
+                 input, &value_)));
+
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void BoolValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  // optional bool value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(1, this->value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* BoolValue::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  // optional bool value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(1, this->value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int BoolValue::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional bool value = 1;
+  if (this->value() != 0) {
+    total_size += 1 + 1;
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void BoolValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const BoolValue* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const BoolValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void BoolValue::MergeFrom(const BoolValue& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.value() != 0) {
+    set_value(from.value());
+  }
+}
+
+void BoolValue::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void BoolValue::CopyFrom(const BoolValue& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool BoolValue::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BoolValue::Swap(BoolValue* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void BoolValue::InternalSwap(BoolValue* other) {
+  std::swap(value_, other->value_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata BoolValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = BoolValue_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = BoolValue_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// BoolValue
+
+// optional bool value = 1;
+void BoolValue::clear_value() {
+  value_ = false;
+}
+ bool BoolValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.BoolValue.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+ void BoolValue::set_value(bool value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.BoolValue.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int StringValue::kValueFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+StringValue::StringValue()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+}
+
+void StringValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+StringValue::StringValue(const StringValue& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+}
+
+void StringValue::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+StringValue::~StringValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void StringValue::SharedDtor() {
+  value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void StringValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* StringValue::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return StringValue_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const StringValue& StringValue::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+StringValue* StringValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+StringValue* StringValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  StringValue* n = new StringValue;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void StringValue::Clear() {
+  value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+bool StringValue::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional string value = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
+                input, this->mutable_value()));
+          ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+            this->value().data(), this->value().length(),
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
+            "google.protobuf.StringValue.value");
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void StringValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  // optional string value = 1;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->value().data(), this->value().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.StringValue.value");
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+      1, this->value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* StringValue::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  // optional string value = 1;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
+      this->value().data(), this->value().length(),
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
+      "google.protobuf.StringValue.value");
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
+        1, this->value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int StringValue::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional string value = 1;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->value());
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void StringValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const StringValue* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const StringValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void StringValue::MergeFrom(const StringValue& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.value().size() > 0) {
+
+    value_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.value_);
+  }
+}
+
+void StringValue::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void StringValue::CopyFrom(const StringValue& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool StringValue::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void StringValue::Swap(StringValue* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void StringValue::InternalSwap(StringValue* other) {
+  value_.Swap(&other->value_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata StringValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = StringValue_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = StringValue_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// StringValue
+
+// optional string value = 1;
+void StringValue::clear_value() {
+  value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& StringValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+  return value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void StringValue::set_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+ void StringValue::set_value(const char* value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+ void StringValue::set_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+ ::std::string* StringValue::mutable_value() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+  return value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* StringValue::release_value() {
+  
+  return value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void StringValue::set_allocated_value(::std::string* value) {
+  if (value != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+const int BytesValue::kValueFieldNumber;
+#endif  // !_MSC_VER
+
+BytesValue::BytesValue()
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+}
+
+void BytesValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
+  _is_default_instance_ = true;
+}
+
+BytesValue::BytesValue(const BytesValue& from)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+    _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  SharedCtor();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+}
+
+void BytesValue::SharedCtor() {
+    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
+  value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+BytesValue::~BytesValue() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  SharedDtor();
+}
+
+void BytesValue::SharedDtor() {
+  value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  }
+}
+
+void BytesValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+}
+const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* BytesValue::descriptor() {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  return BytesValue_descriptor_;
+}
+
+const BytesValue& BytesValue::default_instance() {
+  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *default_instance_;
+}
+
+BytesValue* BytesValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+
+BytesValue* BytesValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
+  BytesValue* n = new BytesValue;
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    arena->Own(n);
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+void BytesValue::Clear() {
+  value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+
+bool BytesValue::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
+#define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  for (;;) {
+    ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
+    tag = p.first;
+    if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
+    switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+      // optional bytes value = 1;
+      case 1: {
+        if (tag == 10) {
+          DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadBytes(
+                input, this->mutable_value()));
+        } else {
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        }
+        if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      default: {
+      handle_unusual:
+        if (tag == 0 ||
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
+            ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
+          goto success;
+        }
+        DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::SkipField(input, tag));
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+success:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  return true;
+failure:
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  return false;
+#undef DO_
+}
+
+void BytesValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  // optional bytes value = 1;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBytesMaybeAliased(
+      1, this->value(), output);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::uint8* BytesValue::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+    ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  // optional bytes value = 1;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    target =
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBytesToArray(
+        1, this->value(), target);
+  }
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+  return target;
+}
+
+int BytesValue::ByteSize() const {
+  int total_size = 0;
+
+  // optional bytes value = 1;
+  if (this->value().size() > 0) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::BytesSize(
+        this->value());
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
+  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
+  return total_size;
+}
+
+void BytesValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const BytesValue* source = 
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const BytesValue>(
+          &from);
+  if (source == NULL) {
+    ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
+  } else {
+    MergeFrom(*source);
+  }
+}
+
+void BytesValue::MergeFrom(const BytesValue& from) {
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  if (from.value().size() > 0) {
+
+    value_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.value_);
+  }
+}
+
+void BytesValue::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+void BytesValue::CopyFrom(const BytesValue& from) {
+  if (&from == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+bool BytesValue::IsInitialized() const {
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BytesValue::Swap(BytesValue* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  InternalSwap(other);
+}
+void BytesValue::InternalSwap(BytesValue* other) {
+  value_.Swap(&other->value_);
+  _internal_metadata_.Swap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
+  std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
+}
+
+::google::protobuf::Metadata BytesValue::GetMetadata() const {
+  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
+  metadata.descriptor = BytesValue_descriptor_;
+  metadata.reflection = BytesValue_reflection_;
+  return metadata;
+}
+
+#if PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// BytesValue
+
+// optional bytes value = 1;
+void BytesValue::clear_value() {
+  value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ const ::std::string& BytesValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+  return value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void BytesValue::set_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+ void BytesValue::set_value(const char* value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+ void BytesValue::set_value(const void* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+ ::std::string* BytesValue::mutable_value() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+  return value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ ::std::string* BytesValue::release_value() {
+  
+  return value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+ void BytesValue::set_allocated_value(::std::string* value) {
+  if (value != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..387ebd7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1011 @@
+// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+// source: google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+
+#ifndef PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto__INCLUDED
+#define PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto__INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3000000
+#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
+#error your headers.
+#endif
+#if 3000000 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
+#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
+#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please
+#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
+#endif
+
+#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+
+class DoubleValue;
+class FloatValue;
+class Int64Value;
+class UInt64Value;
+class Int32Value;
+class UInt32Value;
+class BoolValue;
+class StringValue;
+class BytesValue;
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DoubleValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  DoubleValue();
+  virtual ~DoubleValue();
+
+  DoubleValue(const DoubleValue& from);
+
+  inline DoubleValue& operator=(const DoubleValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const DoubleValue& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(DoubleValue* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline DoubleValue* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  DoubleValue* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const DoubleValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const DoubleValue& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(DoubleValue* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional double value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 1;
+  double value() const;
+  void set_value(double value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  double value_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static DoubleValue* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FloatValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  FloatValue();
+  virtual ~FloatValue();
+
+  FloatValue(const FloatValue& from);
+
+  inline FloatValue& operator=(const FloatValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const FloatValue& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(FloatValue* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline FloatValue* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  FloatValue* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const FloatValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const FloatValue& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(FloatValue* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional float value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 1;
+  float value() const;
+  void set_value(float value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  float value_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static FloatValue* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Int64Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Int64Value();
+  virtual ~Int64Value();
+
+  Int64Value(const Int64Value& from);
+
+  inline Int64Value& operator=(const Int64Value& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Int64Value& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(Int64Value* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Int64Value* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Int64Value* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Int64Value& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Int64Value& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Int64Value* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional int64 value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 1;
+  ::google::protobuf::int64 value() const;
+  void set_value(::google::protobuf::int64 value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int64 value_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Int64Value* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UInt64Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  UInt64Value();
+  virtual ~UInt64Value();
+
+  UInt64Value(const UInt64Value& from);
+
+  inline UInt64Value& operator=(const UInt64Value& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const UInt64Value& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(UInt64Value* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline UInt64Value* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  UInt64Value* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const UInt64Value& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const UInt64Value& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(UInt64Value* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional uint64 value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 1;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint64 value() const;
+  void set_value(::google::protobuf::uint64 value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint64 value_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static UInt64Value* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Int32Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  Int32Value();
+  virtual ~Int32Value();
+
+  Int32Value(const Int32Value& from);
+
+  inline Int32Value& operator=(const Int32Value& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const Int32Value& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(Int32Value* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline Int32Value* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  Int32Value* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const Int32Value& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const Int32Value& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(Int32Value* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional int32 value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 1;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 value() const;
+  void set_value(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 value_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static Int32Value* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UInt32Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  UInt32Value();
+  virtual ~UInt32Value();
+
+  UInt32Value(const UInt32Value& from);
+
+  inline UInt32Value& operator=(const UInt32Value& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const UInt32Value& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(UInt32Value* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline UInt32Value* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  UInt32Value* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const UInt32Value& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const UInt32Value& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(UInt32Value* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional uint32 value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 1;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 value() const;
+  void set_value(::google::protobuf::uint32 value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 value_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static UInt32Value* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT BoolValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  BoolValue();
+  virtual ~BoolValue();
+
+  BoolValue(const BoolValue& from);
+
+  inline BoolValue& operator=(const BoolValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const BoolValue& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(BoolValue* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline BoolValue* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  BoolValue* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const BoolValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const BoolValue& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(BoolValue* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional bool value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 1;
+  bool value() const;
+  void set_value(bool value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  bool value_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static BoolValue* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT StringValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  StringValue();
+  virtual ~StringValue();
+
+  StringValue(const StringValue& from);
+
+  inline StringValue& operator=(const StringValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const StringValue& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(StringValue* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline StringValue* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  StringValue* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const StringValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const StringValue& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(StringValue* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional string value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::std::string& value() const;
+  void set_value(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_value(const char* value);
+  void set_value(const char* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_value();
+  ::std::string* release_value();
+  void set_allocated_value(::std::string* value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.StringValue)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr value_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static StringValue* default_instance_;
+};
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT BytesValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
+ public:
+  BytesValue();
+  virtual ~BytesValue();
+
+  BytesValue(const BytesValue& from);
+
+  inline BytesValue& operator=(const BytesValue& from) {
+    CopyFrom(from);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
+  static const BytesValue& default_instance();
+
+  void Swap(BytesValue* other);
+
+  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
+
+  inline BytesValue* New() const { return New(NULL); }
+
+  BytesValue* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const;
+  void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
+  void CopyFrom(const BytesValue& from);
+  void MergeFrom(const BytesValue& from);
+  void Clear();
+  bool IsInitialized() const;
+
+  int ByteSize() const;
+  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
+  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
+      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
+  ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
+  int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
+  private:
+  void SharedCtor();
+  void SharedDtor();
+  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
+  void InternalSwap(BytesValue* other);
+  private:
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.arena();
+  }
+  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
+    return _internal_metadata_.raw_arena_ptr();
+  }
+  public:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
+
+  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
+
+  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // optional bytes value = 1;
+  void clear_value();
+  static const int kValueFieldNumber = 1;
+  const ::std::string& value() const;
+  void set_value(const ::std::string& value);
+  void set_value(const char* value);
+  void set_value(const void* value, size_t size);
+  ::std::string* mutable_value();
+  ::std::string* release_value();
+  void set_allocated_value(::std::string* value);
+
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
+ private:
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
+  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr value_;
+  mutable int _cached_size_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+
+  void InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  static BytesValue* default_instance_;
+};
+// ===================================================================
+
+
+// ===================================================================
+
+#if !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// DoubleValue
+
+// optional double value = 1;
+inline void DoubleValue::clear_value() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+inline double DoubleValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DoubleValue.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+inline void DoubleValue::set_value(double value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DoubleValue.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// FloatValue
+
+// optional float value = 1;
+inline void FloatValue::clear_value() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+inline float FloatValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FloatValue.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+inline void FloatValue::set_value(float value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FloatValue.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Int64Value
+
+// optional int64 value = 1;
+inline void Int64Value::clear_value() {
+  value_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::int64 Int64Value::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Int64Value.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+inline void Int64Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Int64Value.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// UInt64Value
+
+// optional uint64 value = 1;
+inline void UInt64Value::clear_value() {
+  value_ = GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0);
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::uint64 UInt64Value::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UInt64Value.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+inline void UInt64Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::uint64 value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UInt64Value.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Int32Value
+
+// optional int32 value = 1;
+inline void Int32Value::clear_value() {
+  value_ = 0;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::int32 Int32Value::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Int32Value.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+inline void Int32Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Int32Value.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// UInt32Value
+
+// optional uint32 value = 1;
+inline void UInt32Value::clear_value() {
+  value_ = 0u;
+}
+inline ::google::protobuf::uint32 UInt32Value::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UInt32Value.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+inline void UInt32Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::uint32 value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UInt32Value.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// BoolValue
+
+// optional bool value = 1;
+inline void BoolValue::clear_value() {
+  value_ = false;
+}
+inline bool BoolValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.BoolValue.value)
+  return value_;
+}
+inline void BoolValue::set_value(bool value) {
+  
+  value_ = value;
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.BoolValue.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// StringValue
+
+// optional string value = 1;
+inline void StringValue::clear_value() {
+  value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& StringValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+  return value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void StringValue::set_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+inline void StringValue::set_value(const char* value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+inline void StringValue::set_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+inline ::std::string* StringValue::mutable_value() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+  return value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* StringValue::release_value() {
+  
+  return value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void StringValue::set_allocated_value(::std::string* value) {
+  if (value != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// BytesValue
+
+// optional bytes value = 1;
+inline void BytesValue::clear_value() {
+  value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline const ::std::string& BytesValue::value() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+  return value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void BytesValue::set_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+inline void BytesValue::set_value(const char* value) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+inline void BytesValue::set_value(const void* value, size_t size) {
+  
+  value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+inline ::std::string* BytesValue::mutable_value() {
+  
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+  return value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline ::std::string* BytesValue::release_value() {
+  
+  return value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+}
+inline void BytesValue::set_allocated_value(::std::string* value) {
+  if (value != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
+}
+
+#endif  // !PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
+
+// @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
+
+#endif  // PROTOBUF_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto__INCLUDED
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto b/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d3181bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Wrappers for primitive (non-message) types. These types are useful
+// for embedding primitives in the `google.protobuf.Any` type and for places
+// where we need to distinguish between the absence of a primitive
+// typed field and its default value.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf;
+
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+option java_outer_classname = "WrappersProto";
+option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
+option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
+
+
+// Wrapper message for double.
+message DoubleValue {
+  // The double value.
+  double value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for float.
+message FloatValue {
+  // The float value.
+  float value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for int64.
+message Int64Value {
+  // The int64 value.
+  int64 value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for uint64.
+message UInt64Value {
+  // The uint64 value.
+  uint64 value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for int32.
+message Int32Value {
+  // The int32 value.
+  int32 value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for uint32.
+message UInt32Value {
+  // The uint32 value.
+  uint32 value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for bool.
+message BoolValue {
+  // The bool value.
+  bool value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for string.
+message StringValue {
+  // The string value.
+  string value = 1;
+}
+
+// Wrapper message for bytes.
+message BytesValue {
+  // The bytes value.
+  bytes value = 1;
+}