Integrate internal changes

author: Bo Yang <teboring@google.com> 2016-09-19 13:45:07 -0700
committer: Bo Yang <teboring@google.com> 2016-10-10 11:23:36 -0700
commit: cc8ca5b6a5478b40546d4206392eb1471454460d (patch)
tree: c0b45abfa16d7d373a6ea8f7fe50f1de00ab938e
parent: 337a028bb65ccca4dda768695950b5aba53ae2c9 (diff)
280 files changed, 19647 insertions, 8143 deletions
diff --git a/conformance/Makefile.am b/conformance/Makefile.am
index 28ac3c8a..bdd23a07 100644
--- a/conformance/Makefile.am
+++ b/conformance/Makefile.am
@@ -251,31 +251,31 @@ conformance-csharp: $(other_language_protoc_outputs)
 
 # Targets for actually running tests.
 test_cpp: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-cpp
-	./conformance-test-runner --failure_list failure_list_cpp.txt ./conformance-cpp
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_cpp.txt ./conformance-cpp
 
 test_java: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-java
-	./conformance-test-runner --failure_list failure_list_java.txt ./conformance-java
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_java.txt ./conformance-java
 
 test_java_lite: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-java-lite
-	./conformance-test-runner ./conformance-java-lite
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended ./conformance-java-lite
 
 test_csharp: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-csharp
-	./conformance-test-runner --failure_list failure_list_csharp.txt ./conformance-csharp
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_csharp.txt ./conformance-csharp
 
 test_ruby: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner $(other_language_protoc_outputs)
-	RUBYLIB=../ruby/lib:. ./conformance-test-runner --failure_list failure_list_ruby.txt ./conformance_ruby.rb
+	RUBYLIB=../ruby/lib:. ./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_ruby.txt ./conformance_ruby.rb
 
 # These depend on library paths being properly set up.  The easiest way to
 # run them is to just use "tox" from the python dir.
 test_python: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner
-	./conformance-test-runner --failure_list failure_list_python.txt ./conformance_python.py
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_python.txt ./conformance_python.py
 
 test_python_cpp: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner
-	./conformance-test-runner --failure_list failure_list_python_cpp.txt ./conformance_python.py
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recommended --failure_list failure_list_python_cpp.txt ./conformance_python.py
 
 if OBJC_CONFORMANCE_TEST
 
 test_objc: protoc_middleman conformance-test-runner conformance-objc
-	./conformance-test-runner --failure_list failure_list_objc.txt ./conformance-objc
+	./conformance-test-runner --enforce_recomemnded --failure_list failure_list_objc.txt ./conformance-objc
 
 endif
diff --git a/conformance/conformance_python.py b/conformance/conformance_python.py
index a490c8e8..2f4a7812 100755
--- a/conformance/conformance_python.py
+++ b/conformance/conformance_python.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def do_test(request):
     elif request.WhichOneof('payload') == 'json_payload':
       try:
         json_format.Parse(request.json_payload, test_message)
-      except json_format.ParseError as e:
+      except Exception as e:
         response.parse_error = str(e)
         return response
 
@@ -81,7 +81,11 @@ def do_test(request):
       response.protobuf_payload = test_message.SerializeToString()
 
     elif request.requested_output_format == conformance_pb2.JSON:
-      response.json_payload = json_format.MessageToJson(test_message)
+      try:
+        response.json_payload = json_format.MessageToJson(test_message)
+      except Exception as e:
+        response.serialize_error = str(e)
+        return response
 
   except Exception as e:
     response.runtime_error = str(e)
diff --git a/conformance/conformance_test.cc b/conformance/conformance_test.cc
index fb963f68..a74f2837 100644
--- a/conformance/conformance_test.cc
+++ b/conformance/conformance_test.cc
@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::ReportSuccess(const string& test_name) {
 }
 
 void ConformanceTestSuite::ReportFailure(const string& test_name,
+                                         ConformanceLevel level,
                                          const ConformanceRequest& request,
                                          const ConformanceResponse& response,
                                          const char* fmt, ...) {
@@ -190,6 +191,8 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::ReportFailure(const string& test_name,
     expected_failures_++;
     if (!verbose_)
       return;
+  } else if (level == RECOMMENDED && !enforce_recommended_) {
+    StringAppendF(&output_, "WARNING, test=%s: ", test_name.c_str());
   } else {
     StringAppendF(&output_, "ERROR, test=%s: ", test_name.c_str());
     unexpected_failing_tests_.insert(test_name);
@@ -214,6 +217,15 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::ReportSkip(const string& test_name,
   skipped_.insert(test_name);
 }
 
+string ConformanceTestSuite::ConformanceLevelToString(ConformanceLevel level) {
+  switch (level) {
+    case REQUIRED: return "Required";
+    case RECOMMENDED: return "Recommended";
+  }
+  GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown value: " << level;
+  return "";
+}
+
 void ConformanceTestSuite::RunTest(const string& test_name,
                                    const ConformanceRequest& request,
                                    ConformanceResponse* response) {
@@ -241,8 +253,9 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::RunTest(const string& test_name,
 }
 
 void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidInputTest(
-    const string& test_name, const string& input, WireFormat input_format,
-    const string& equivalent_text_format, WireFormat requested_output) {
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& input,
+    WireFormat input_format, const string& equivalent_text_format,
+    WireFormat requested_output) {
   TestAllTypes reference_message;
   GOOGLE_CHECK(
       TextFormat::ParseFromString(equivalent_text_format, &reference_message))
@@ -291,7 +304,7 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidInputTest(
     case ConformanceResponse::kJsonPayload: {
       if (requested_output != conformance::JSON) {
         ReportFailure(
-            test_name, request, response,
+            test_name, level, request, response,
             "Test was asked for protobuf output but provided JSON instead.");
         return;
       }
@@ -300,13 +313,13 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidInputTest(
           JsonToBinaryString(type_resolver_.get(), type_url_,
                              response.json_payload(), &binary_protobuf);
       if (!status.ok()) {
-        ReportFailure(test_name, request, response,
+        ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
                       "JSON output we received from test was unparseable.");
         return;
       }
 
       if (!test_message.ParseFromString(binary_protobuf)) {
-        ReportFailure(test_name, request, response,
+        ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
                       "INTERNAL ERROR: internal JSON->protobuf transcode "
                       "yielded unparseable proto.");
         return;
@@ -318,13 +331,13 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidInputTest(
     case ConformanceResponse::kProtobufPayload: {
       if (requested_output != conformance::PROTOBUF) {
         ReportFailure(
-            test_name, request, response,
+            test_name, level, request, response,
             "Test was asked for JSON output but provided protobuf instead.");
         return;
       }
 
       if (!test_message.ParseFromString(response.protobuf_payload())) {
-        ReportFailure(test_name, request, response,
+        ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
                       "Protobuf output we received from test was unparseable.");
         return;
       }
@@ -347,7 +360,7 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidInputTest(
   if (differencer.Compare(reference_message, test_message)) {
     ReportSuccess(test_name);
   } else {
-    ReportFailure(test_name, request, response,
+    ReportFailure(test_name, level, request, response,
                   "Output was not equivalent to reference message: %s.",
                   differences.c_str());
   }
@@ -355,11 +368,12 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidInputTest(
 
 // Expect that this precise protobuf will cause a parse error.
 void ConformanceTestSuite::ExpectParseFailureForProto(
-    const string& proto, const string& test_name) {
+    const string& proto, const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level) {
   ConformanceRequest request;
   ConformanceResponse response;
   request.set_protobuf_payload(proto);
-  string effective_test_name = "ProtobufInput." + test_name;
+  string effective_test_name = ConformanceLevelToString(level) +
+      ".ProtobufInput." + test_name;
 
   // We don't expect output, but if the program erroneously accepts the protobuf
   // we let it send its response as this.  We must not leave it unspecified.
@@ -371,7 +385,7 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::ExpectParseFailureForProto(
   } else if (response.result_case() == ConformanceResponse::kSkipped) {
     ReportSkip(effective_test_name, request, response);
   } else {
-    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, request, response,
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
                   "Should have failed to parse, but didn't.");
   }
 }
@@ -382,27 +396,30 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::ExpectParseFailureForProto(
 //
 // TODO(haberman): implement the second of these.
 void ConformanceTestSuite::ExpectHardParseFailureForProto(
-    const string& proto, const string& test_name) {
-  return ExpectParseFailureForProto(proto, test_name);
+    const string& proto, const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level) {
+  return ExpectParseFailureForProto(proto, test_name, level);
 }
 
 void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidJsonTest(
-    const string& test_name, const string& input_json,
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& input_json,
     const string& equivalent_text_format) {
-  RunValidInputTest("JsonInput." + test_name + ".ProtobufOutput", input_json,
-                    conformance::JSON, equivalent_text_format,
-                    conformance::PROTOBUF);
-  RunValidInputTest("JsonInput." + test_name + ".JsonOutput", input_json,
-                    conformance::JSON, equivalent_text_format,
-                    conformance::JSON);
+  RunValidInputTest(
+      ConformanceLevelToString(level) + ".JsonInput." + test_name +
+      ".ProtobufOutput", level, input_json, conformance::JSON,
+      equivalent_text_format, conformance::PROTOBUF);
+  RunValidInputTest(
+      ConformanceLevelToString(level) + ".JsonInput." + test_name +
+      ".JsonOutput", level, input_json, conformance::JSON,
+      equivalent_text_format, conformance::JSON);
 }
 
 void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidJsonTestWithProtobufInput(
-    const string& test_name, const TestAllTypes& input,
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const TestAllTypes& input,
     const string& equivalent_text_format) {
-  RunValidInputTest("ProtobufInput." + test_name + ".JsonOutput",
-                    input.SerializeAsString(), conformance::PROTOBUF,
-                    equivalent_text_format, conformance::JSON);
+  RunValidInputTest(
+      ConformanceLevelToString(level) + ".ProtobufInput." + test_name +
+      ".JsonOutput", level, input.SerializeAsString(), conformance::PROTOBUF,
+      equivalent_text_format, conformance::JSON);
 }
 
 void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidProtobufTest(
@@ -422,14 +439,15 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidProtobufTest(
 // method allows strict checking on a proto3 JSON serializer by inspecting
 // the JSON output directly.
 void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-    const string& test_name, const string& input_json,
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& input_json,
     const Validator& validator) {
   ConformanceRequest request;
   ConformanceResponse response;
   request.set_json_payload(input_json);
   request.set_requested_output_format(conformance::JSON);
 
-  string effective_test_name = "JsonInput." + test_name + ".Validator";
+  string effective_test_name = ConformanceLevelToString(level) +
+      ".JsonInput." + test_name + ".Validator";
 
   RunTest(effective_test_name, request, &response);
 
@@ -439,7 +457,7 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
   }
 
   if (response.result_case() != ConformanceResponse::kJsonPayload) {
-    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, request, response,
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
                   "Expected JSON payload but got type %d.",
                   response.result_case());
     return;
@@ -447,13 +465,13 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
   Json::Reader reader;
   Json::Value value;
   if (!reader.parse(response.json_payload(), value)) {
-    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, request, response,
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
                   "JSON payload cannot be parsed as valid JSON: %s",
                   reader.getFormattedErrorMessages().c_str());
     return;
   }
   if (!validator(value)) {
-    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, request, response,
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
                   "JSON payload validation failed.");
     return;
   }
@@ -461,11 +479,12 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
 }
 
 void ConformanceTestSuite::ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-    const string& test_name, const string& input_json) {
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& input_json) {
   ConformanceRequest request;
   ConformanceResponse response;
   request.set_json_payload(input_json);
-  string effective_test_name = "JsonInput." + test_name;
+  string effective_test_name =
+      ConformanceLevelToString(level) + ".JsonInput." + test_name;
 
   // We don't expect output, but if the program erroneously accepts the protobuf
   // we let it send its response as this.  We must not leave it unspecified.
@@ -477,13 +496,13 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::ExpectParseFailureForJson(
   } else if (response.result_case() == ConformanceResponse::kSkipped) {
     ReportSkip(effective_test_name, request, response);
   } else {
-    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, request, response,
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
                   "Should have failed to parse, but didn't.");
   }
 }
 
 void ConformanceTestSuite::ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
-    const string& test_name, const string& text_format) {
+    const string& test_name, ConformanceLevel level, const string& text_format) {
   TestAllTypes payload_message;
   GOOGLE_CHECK(
       TextFormat::ParseFromString(text_format, &payload_message))
@@ -492,7 +511,8 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
   ConformanceRequest request;
   ConformanceResponse response;
   request.set_protobuf_payload(payload_message.SerializeAsString());
-  string effective_test_name = test_name + ".JsonOutput";
+  string effective_test_name =
+      ConformanceLevelToString(level) + "." + test_name + ".JsonOutput";
   request.set_requested_output_format(conformance::JSON);
 
   RunTest(effective_test_name, request, &response);
@@ -501,7 +521,7 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
   } else if (response.result_case() == ConformanceResponse::kSkipped) {
     ReportSkip(effective_test_name, request, response);
   } else {
-    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, request, response,
+    ReportFailure(effective_test_name, level, request, response,
                   "Should have failed to serialize, but didn't.");
   }
 }
@@ -527,41 +547,43 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::TestPrematureEOFForType(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
 
   ExpectParseFailureForProto(
       tag(fieldnum, wire_type),
-      "PrematureEofBeforeKnownNonRepeatedValue" + type_name);
+      "PrematureEofBeforeKnownNonRepeatedValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
 
   ExpectParseFailureForProto(
       tag(rep_fieldnum, wire_type),
-      "PrematureEofBeforeKnownRepeatedValue" + type_name);
+      "PrematureEofBeforeKnownRepeatedValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
 
   ExpectParseFailureForProto(
       tag(UNKNOWN_FIELD, wire_type),
-      "PrematureEofBeforeUnknownValue" + type_name);
+      "PrematureEofBeforeUnknownValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
 
   ExpectParseFailureForProto(
       cat( tag(fieldnum, wire_type), incomplete ),
-      "PrematureEofInsideKnownNonRepeatedValue" + type_name);
+      "PrematureEofInsideKnownNonRepeatedValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
 
   ExpectParseFailureForProto(
       cat( tag(rep_fieldnum, wire_type), incomplete ),
-      "PrematureEofInsideKnownRepeatedValue" + type_name);
+      "PrematureEofInsideKnownRepeatedValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
 
   ExpectParseFailureForProto(
       cat( tag(UNKNOWN_FIELD, wire_type), incomplete ),
-      "PrematureEofInsideUnknownValue" + type_name);
+      "PrematureEofInsideUnknownValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
 
   if (wire_type == WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED) {
     ExpectParseFailureForProto(
         cat( tag(fieldnum, wire_type), varint(1) ),
-        "PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownNonRepeatedValue" + type_name);
+        "PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownNonRepeatedValue" + type_name,
+        REQUIRED);
 
     ExpectParseFailureForProto(
         cat( tag(rep_fieldnum, wire_type), varint(1) ),
-        "PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownRepeatedValue" + type_name);
+        "PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownRepeatedValue" + type_name,
+        REQUIRED);
 
     // EOF in the middle of delimited data for unknown value.
     ExpectParseFailureForProto(
         cat( tag(UNKNOWN_FIELD, wire_type), varint(1) ),
-        "PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForUnknownValue" + type_name);
+        "PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForUnknownValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
 
     if (type == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE) {
       // Submessage ends in the middle of a value.
@@ -572,7 +594,7 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::TestPrematureEOFForType(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
           cat( tag(fieldnum, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
                varint(incomplete_submsg.size()),
                incomplete_submsg ),
-          "PrematureEofInSubmessageValue" + type_name);
+          "PrematureEofInSubmessageValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
     }
   } else if (type != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
     // Non-delimited, non-group: eligible for packing.
@@ -582,13 +604,13 @@ void ConformanceTestSuite::TestPrematureEOFForType(FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
         cat( tag(rep_fieldnum, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
              varint(incomplete.size()),
              incomplete ),
-        "PrematureEofInPackedFieldValue" + type_name);
+        "PrematureEofInPackedFieldValue" + type_name, REQUIRED);
 
     // EOF in the middle of packed region.
     ExpectParseFailureForProto(
         cat( tag(rep_fieldnum, WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED),
              varint(1) ),
-        "PrematureEofInPackedField" + type_name);
+        "PrematureEofInPackedField" + type_name, REQUIRED);
   }
 }
 
@@ -651,14 +673,15 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
     TestPrematureEOFForType(static_cast<FieldDescriptor::Type>(i));
   }
 
-  RunValidJsonTest("HelloWorld", "{\"optionalString\":\"Hello, World!\"}",
+  RunValidJsonTest("HelloWorld", REQUIRED,
+                   "{\"optionalString\":\"Hello, World!\"}",
                    "optional_string: 'Hello, World!'");
 
   // NOTE: The spec for JSON support is still being sorted out, these may not
   // all be correct.
   // Test field name conventions.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FieldNameInSnakeCase",
+      "FieldNameInSnakeCase", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "fieldname1": 1,
         "fieldName2": 2,
@@ -672,7 +695,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
         field__name4_: 4
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FieldNameWithNumbers",
+      "FieldNameWithNumbers", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "field0name5": 5,
         "field0Name6": 6
@@ -682,14 +705,14 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
         field_0_name6: 6
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FieldNameWithMixedCases",
+      "FieldNameWithMixedCases", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "fieldName7": 7,
-        "fieldName8": 8,
+        "FieldName8": 8,
         "fieldName9": 9,
-        "fieldName10": 10,
-        "fIELDNAME11": 11,
-        "fIELDName12": 12
+        "FieldName10": 10,
+        "FIELDNAME11": 11,
+        "FIELDName12": 12
       })",
       R"(
         fieldName7: 7
@@ -719,7 +742,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
       )");
   // Using the original proto field name in JSON is also allowed.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "OriginalProtoFieldName",
+      "OriginalProtoFieldName", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "fieldname1": 1,
         "field_name2": 2,
@@ -762,7 +785,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
       )");
   // Field names can be escaped.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FieldNameEscaped",
+      "FieldNameEscaped", REQUIRED,
       R"({"fieldn\u0061me1": 1})",
       "fieldname1: 1");
   // String ends with escape character.
@@ -771,11 +794,11 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
       "{\"optionalString\": \"abc\\");
   // Field names must be quoted (or it's not valid JSON).
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "FieldNameNotQuoted",
+      "FieldNameNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
       "{fieldname1: 1}");
   // Trailing comma is not allowed (not valid JSON).
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "TrailingCommaInAnObject",
+      "TrailingCommaInAnObject", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"fieldname1":1,})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
       "TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithSpace",
@@ -790,7 +813,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
       })");
   // JSON doesn't support comments.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "JsonWithComments",
+      "JsonWithComments", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({
         // This is a comment.
         "fieldname1": 1
@@ -833,19 +856,19 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
       "{\n  \"optionalInt32\": 1\n  \"optionalInt64\": 2\n}");
   // Duplicated field names are not allowed.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "FieldNameDuplicate",
+      "FieldNameDuplicate", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({
         "optionalNestedMessage": {a: 1},
         "optionalNestedMessage": {}
       })");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "FieldNameDuplicateDifferentCasing1",
+      "FieldNameDuplicateDifferentCasing1", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({
         "optional_nested_message": {a: 1},
         "optionalNestedMessage": {}
       })");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "FieldNameDuplicateDifferentCasing2",
+      "FieldNameDuplicateDifferentCasing2", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({
         "optionalNestedMessage": {a: 1},
         "optional_nested_message": {}
@@ -854,7 +877,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
   // all be correct.
   // Serializers should use lowerCamelCase by default.
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "FieldNameInLowerCamelCase",
+      "FieldNameInLowerCamelCase", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "fieldname1": 1,
         "fieldName2": 2,
@@ -868,7 +891,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
             value.isMember("fieldName4");
       });
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "FieldNameWithNumbers",
+      "FieldNameWithNumbers", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "field0name5": 5,
         "field0Name6": 6
@@ -878,22 +901,22 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
             value.isMember("field0Name6");
       });
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "FieldNameWithMixedCases",
+      "FieldNameWithMixedCases", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "fieldName7": 7,
-        "fieldName8": 8,
+        "FieldName8": 8,
         "fieldName9": 9,
-        "fieldName10": 10,
-        "fIELDNAME11": 11,
-        "fIELDName12": 12
+        "FieldName10": 10,
+        "FIELDNAME11": 11,
+        "FIELDName12": 12
       })",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value.isMember("fieldName7") &&
-            value.isMember("fieldName8") &&
+            value.isMember("FieldName8") &&
             value.isMember("fieldName9") &&
-            value.isMember("fieldName10") &&
-            value.isMember("fIELDNAME11") &&
-            value.isMember("fIELDName12");
+            value.isMember("FieldName10") &&
+            value.isMember("FIELDNAME11") &&
+            value.isMember("FIELDName12");
       });
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
       "FieldNameWithDoubleUnderscores",
@@ -916,27 +939,27 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
 
   // Integer fields.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int32FieldMaxValue",
+      "Int32FieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": 2147483647})",
       "optional_int32: 2147483647");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int32FieldMinValue",
+      "Int32FieldMinValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": -2147483648})",
       "optional_int32: -2147483648");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Uint32FieldMaxValue",
+      "Uint32FieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalUint32": 4294967295})",
       "optional_uint32: 4294967295");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int64FieldMaxValue",
+      "Int64FieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt64": "9223372036854775807"})",
       "optional_int64: 9223372036854775807");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int64FieldMinValue",
+      "Int64FieldMinValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt64": "-9223372036854775808"})",
       "optional_int64: -9223372036854775808");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Uint64FieldMaxValue",
+      "Uint64FieldMaxValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalUint64": "18446744073709551615"})",
       "optional_uint64: 18446744073709551615");
   // While not the largest Int64, this is the largest
@@ -946,127 +969,127 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
   // work in some implementations, but should not be
   // relied upon.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int64FieldMaxValueNotQuoted",
+      "Int64FieldMaxValueNotQuoted", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt64": 9223372036854774784})",
       "optional_int64: 9223372036854774784");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int64FieldMinValueNotQuoted",
+      "Int64FieldMinValueNotQuoted", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt64": -9223372036854775808})",
       "optional_int64: -9223372036854775808");
   // Largest interoperable Uint64; see comment above
   // for Int64FieldMaxValueNotQuoted.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Uint64FieldMaxValueNotQuoted",
+      "Uint64FieldMaxValueNotQuoted", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalUint64": 18446744073709549568})",
       "optional_uint64: 18446744073709549568");
   // Values can be represented as JSON strings.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int32FieldStringValue",
+      "Int32FieldStringValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": "2147483647"})",
       "optional_int32: 2147483647");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int32FieldStringValueEscaped",
+      "Int32FieldStringValueEscaped", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": "2\u003147483647"})",
       "optional_int32: 2147483647");
 
   // Parsers reject out-of-bound integer values.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int32FieldTooLarge",
+      "Int32FieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": 2147483648})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int32FieldTooSmall",
+      "Int32FieldTooSmall", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": -2147483649})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Uint32FieldTooLarge",
+      "Uint32FieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalUint32": 4294967296})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int64FieldTooLarge",
+      "Int64FieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt64": "9223372036854775808"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int64FieldTooSmall",
+      "Int64FieldTooSmall", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt64": "-9223372036854775809"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Uint64FieldTooLarge",
+      "Uint64FieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalUint64": "18446744073709551616"})");
   // Parser reject non-integer numeric values as well.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int32FieldNotInteger",
+      "Int32FieldNotInteger", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": 0.5})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Uint32FieldNotInteger",
+      "Uint32FieldNotInteger", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalUint32": 0.5})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int64FieldNotInteger",
+      "Int64FieldNotInteger", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt64": "0.5"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Uint64FieldNotInteger",
+      "Uint64FieldNotInteger", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalUint64": "0.5"})");
 
   // Integers but represented as float values are accepted.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int32FieldFloatTrailingZero",
+      "Int32FieldFloatTrailingZero", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": 100000.000})",
       "optional_int32: 100000");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int32FieldExponentialFormat",
+      "Int32FieldExponentialFormat", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": 1e5})",
       "optional_int32: 100000");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int32FieldMaxFloatValue",
+      "Int32FieldMaxFloatValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": 2.147483647e9})",
       "optional_int32: 2147483647");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int32FieldMinFloatValue",
+      "Int32FieldMinFloatValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": -2.147483648e9})",
       "optional_int32: -2147483648");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Uint32FieldMaxFloatValue",
+      "Uint32FieldMaxFloatValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalUint32": 4.294967295e9})",
       "optional_uint32: 4294967295");
 
   // Parser reject non-numeric values.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int32FieldNotNumber",
+      "Int32FieldNotNumber", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": "3x3"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Uint32FieldNotNumber",
+      "Uint32FieldNotNumber", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalUint32": "3x3"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int64FieldNotNumber",
+      "Int64FieldNotNumber", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt64": "3x3"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Uint64FieldNotNumber",
+      "Uint64FieldNotNumber", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalUint64": "3x3"})");
   // JSON does not allow "+" on numric values.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int32FieldPlusSign",
+      "Int32FieldPlusSign", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": +1})");
   // JSON doesn't allow leading 0s.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int32FieldLeadingZero",
+      "Int32FieldLeadingZero", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": 01})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int32FieldNegativeWithLeadingZero",
+      "Int32FieldNegativeWithLeadingZero", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": -01})");
   // String values must follow the same syntax rule. Specifically leading
   // or traling spaces are not allowed.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int32FieldLeadingSpace",
+      "Int32FieldLeadingSpace", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": " 1"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int32FieldTrailingSpace",
+      "Int32FieldTrailingSpace", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32": "1 "})");
 
   // 64-bit values are serialized as strings.
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "Int64FieldBeString",
+      "Int64FieldBeString", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalInt64": 1})",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value["optionalInt64"].type() == Json::stringValue &&
             value["optionalInt64"].asString() == "1";
       });
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "Uint64FieldBeString",
+      "Uint64FieldBeString", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalUint64": 1})",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value["optionalUint64"].type() == Json::stringValue &&
@@ -1075,73 +1098,73 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
 
   // Bool fields.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "BoolFieldTrue",
+      "BoolFieldTrue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalBool":true})",
       "optional_bool: true");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "BoolFieldFalse",
+      "BoolFieldFalse", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalBool":false})",
       "optional_bool: false");
 
   // Other forms are not allowed.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "BoolFieldIntegerZero",
+      "BoolFieldIntegerZero", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalBool":0})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "BoolFieldIntegerOne",
+      "BoolFieldIntegerOne", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalBool":1})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "BoolFieldCamelCaseTrue",
+      "BoolFieldCamelCaseTrue", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalBool":True})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "BoolFieldCamelCaseFalse",
+      "BoolFieldCamelCaseFalse", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalBool":False})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "BoolFieldAllCapitalTrue",
+      "BoolFieldAllCapitalTrue", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalBool":TRUE})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "BoolFieldAllCapitalFalse",
+      "BoolFieldAllCapitalFalse", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalBool":FALSE})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "BoolFieldDoubleQuotedTrue",
+      "BoolFieldDoubleQuotedTrue", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalBool":"true"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "BoolFieldDoubleQuotedFalse",
+      "BoolFieldDoubleQuotedFalse", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalBool":"false"})");
 
   // Float fields.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FloatFieldMinPositiveValue",
+      "FloatFieldMinPositiveValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": 1.175494e-38})",
       "optional_float: 1.175494e-38");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FloatFieldMaxNegativeValue",
+      "FloatFieldMaxNegativeValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": -1.175494e-38})",
       "optional_float: -1.175494e-38");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FloatFieldMaxPositiveValue",
+      "FloatFieldMaxPositiveValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": 3.402823e+38})",
       "optional_float: 3.402823e+38");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FloatFieldMinNegativeValue",
+      "FloatFieldMinNegativeValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": 3.402823e+38})",
       "optional_float: 3.402823e+38");
   // Values can be quoted.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FloatFieldQuotedValue",
+      "FloatFieldQuotedValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": "1"})",
       "optional_float: 1");
   // Special values.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FloatFieldNan",
+      "FloatFieldNan", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": "NaN"})",
       "optional_float: nan");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FloatFieldInfinity",
+      "FloatFieldInfinity", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": "Infinity"})",
       "optional_float: inf");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FloatFieldNegativeInfinity",
+      "FloatFieldNegativeInfinity", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": "-Infinity"})",
       "optional_float: -inf");
   // Non-cannonical Nan will be correctly normalized.
@@ -1152,68 +1175,68 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
     message.set_optional_float(
         WireFormatLite::DecodeFloat(0x7FA12345));
     RunValidJsonTestWithProtobufInput(
-        "FloatFieldNormalizeQuietNan", message,
+        "FloatFieldNormalizeQuietNan", REQUIRED, message,
         "optional_float: nan");
     // IEEE floating-point standard 64-bit signaling NaN:
     //   1111 1111 1xxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
     message.set_optional_float(
         WireFormatLite::DecodeFloat(0xFFB54321));
     RunValidJsonTestWithProtobufInput(
-        "FloatFieldNormalizeSignalingNan", message,
+        "FloatFieldNormalizeSignalingNan", REQUIRED, message,
         "optional_float: nan");
   }
 
   // Special values must be quoted.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "FloatFieldNanNotQuoted",
+      "FloatFieldNanNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": NaN})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "FloatFieldInfinityNotQuoted",
+      "FloatFieldInfinityNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": Infinity})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "FloatFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted",
+      "FloatFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": -Infinity})");
   // Parsers should reject out-of-bound values.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "FloatFieldTooSmall",
+      "FloatFieldTooSmall", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": -3.502823e+38})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "FloatFieldTooLarge",
+      "FloatFieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalFloat": 3.502823e+38})");
 
   // Double fields.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "DoubleFieldMinPositiveValue",
+      "DoubleFieldMinPositiveValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": 2.22507e-308})",
       "optional_double: 2.22507e-308");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "DoubleFieldMaxNegativeValue",
+      "DoubleFieldMaxNegativeValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": -2.22507e-308})",
       "optional_double: -2.22507e-308");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "DoubleFieldMaxPositiveValue",
+      "DoubleFieldMaxPositiveValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": 1.79769e+308})",
       "optional_double: 1.79769e+308");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "DoubleFieldMinNegativeValue",
+      "DoubleFieldMinNegativeValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": -1.79769e+308})",
       "optional_double: -1.79769e+308");
   // Values can be quoted.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "DoubleFieldQuotedValue",
+      "DoubleFieldQuotedValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": "1"})",
       "optional_double: 1");
   // Speical values.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "DoubleFieldNan",
+      "DoubleFieldNan", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": "NaN"})",
       "optional_double: nan");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "DoubleFieldInfinity",
+      "DoubleFieldInfinity", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": "Infinity"})",
       "optional_double: inf");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "DoubleFieldNegativeInfinity",
+      "DoubleFieldNegativeInfinity", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": "-Infinity"})",
       "optional_double: -inf");
   // Non-cannonical Nan will be correctly normalized.
@@ -1222,55 +1245,55 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
     message.set_optional_double(
         WireFormatLite::DecodeDouble(0x7FFA123456789ABCLL));
     RunValidJsonTestWithProtobufInput(
-        "DoubleFieldNormalizeQuietNan", message,
+        "DoubleFieldNormalizeQuietNan", REQUIRED, message,
         "optional_double: nan");
     message.set_optional_double(
         WireFormatLite::DecodeDouble(0xFFFBCBA987654321LL));
     RunValidJsonTestWithProtobufInput(
-        "DoubleFieldNormalizeSignalingNan", message,
+        "DoubleFieldNormalizeSignalingNan", REQUIRED, message,
         "optional_double: nan");
   }
 
   // Special values must be quoted.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "DoubleFieldNanNotQuoted",
+      "DoubleFieldNanNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": NaN})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "DoubleFieldInfinityNotQuoted",
+      "DoubleFieldInfinityNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": Infinity})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "DoubleFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted",
+      "DoubleFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": -Infinity})");
 
   // Parsers should reject out-of-bound values.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "DoubleFieldTooSmall",
+      "DoubleFieldTooSmall", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": -1.89769e+308})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "DoubleFieldTooLarge",
+      "DoubleFieldTooLarge", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDouble": +1.89769e+308})");
 
   // Enum fields.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "EnumField",
+      "EnumField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalNestedEnum": "FOO"})",
       "optional_nested_enum: FOO");
   // Enum values must be represented as strings.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "EnumFieldNotQuoted",
+      "EnumFieldNotQuoted", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalNestedEnum": FOO})");
   // Numeric values are allowed.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "EnumFieldNumericValueZero",
+      "EnumFieldNumericValueZero", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalNestedEnum": 0})",
       "optional_nested_enum: FOO");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "EnumFieldNumericValueNonZero",
+      "EnumFieldNumericValueNonZero", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalNestedEnum": 1})",
       "optional_nested_enum: BAR");
   // Unknown enum values are represented as numeric values.
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "EnumFieldUnknownValue",
+      "EnumFieldUnknownValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalNestedEnum": 123})",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value["optionalNestedEnum"].type() == Json::intValue &&
@@ -1279,76 +1302,73 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
 
   // String fields.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "StringField",
+      "StringField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalString": "Hello world!"})",
       "optional_string: \"Hello world!\"");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "StringFieldUnicode",
+      "StringFieldUnicode", REQUIRED,
       // Google in Chinese.
       R"({"optionalString": "谷歌"})",
       R"(optional_string: "谷歌")");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "StringFieldEscape",
+      "StringFieldEscape", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalString": "\"\\\/\b\f\n\r\t"})",
       R"(optional_string: "\"\\/\b\f\n\r\t")");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "StringFieldUnicodeEscape",
+      "StringFieldUnicodeEscape", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalString": "\u8C37\u6B4C"})",
       R"(optional_string: "谷歌")");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "StringFieldUnicodeEscapeWithLowercaseHexLetters",
+      "StringFieldUnicodeEscapeWithLowercaseHexLetters", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalString": "\u8c37\u6b4c"})",
       R"(optional_string: "谷歌")");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "StringFieldSurrogatePair",
+      "StringFieldSurrogatePair", REQUIRED,
       // The character is an emoji: grinning face with smiling eyes. 😁
       R"({"optionalString": "\uD83D\uDE01"})",
       R"(optional_string: "\xF0\x9F\x98\x81")");
 
   // Unicode escapes must start with "\u" (lowercase u).
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "StringFieldUppercaseEscapeLetter",
+      "StringFieldUppercaseEscapeLetter", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalString": "\U8C37\U6b4C"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "StringFieldInvalidEscape",
+      "StringFieldInvalidEscape", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalString": "\uXXXX\u6B4C"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "StringFieldUnterminatedEscape",
+      "StringFieldUnterminatedEscape", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalString": "\u8C3"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "StringFieldUnpairedHighSurrogate",
+      "StringFieldUnpairedHighSurrogate", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalString": "\uD800"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "StringFieldUnpairedLowSurrogate",
+      "StringFieldUnpairedLowSurrogate", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalString": "\uDC00"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "StringFieldSurrogateInWrongOrder",
+      "StringFieldSurrogateInWrongOrder", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalString": "\uDE01\uD83D"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "StringFieldNotAString",
+      "StringFieldNotAString", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalString": 12345})");
 
   // Bytes fields.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "BytesField",
+      "BytesField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalBytes": "AQI="})",
       R"(optional_bytes: "\x01\x02")");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "BytesFieldNoPadding",
-      R"({"optionalBytes": "AQI"})");
-  ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "BytesFieldInvalidBase64Characters",
+      "BytesFieldInvalidBase64Characters", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalBytes": "-_=="})");
 
   // Message fields.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "MessageField",
+      "MessageField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalNestedMessage": {"a": 1234}})",
       "optional_nested_message: {a: 1234}");
 
   // Oneof fields.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "OneofFieldDuplicate",
+      "OneofFieldDuplicate", REQUIRED,
       R"({"oneofUint32": 1, "oneofString": "test"})");
   // Ensure zero values for oneof make it out/backs.
   {
@@ -1411,58 +1431,58 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
 
   // Repeated fields.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "PrimitiveRepeatedField",
+      "PrimitiveRepeatedField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedInt32": [1, 2, 3, 4]})",
       "repeated_int32: [1, 2, 3, 4]");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "EnumRepeatedField",
+      "EnumRepeatedField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedNestedEnum": ["FOO", "BAR", "BAZ"]})",
       "repeated_nested_enum: [FOO, BAR, BAZ]");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "StringRepeatedField",
+      "StringRepeatedField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedString": ["Hello", "world"]})",
       R"(repeated_string: ["Hello", "world"])");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "BytesRepeatedField",
+      "BytesRepeatedField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedBytes": ["AAEC", "AQI="]})",
       R"(repeated_bytes: ["\x00\x01\x02", "\x01\x02"])");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "MessageRepeatedField",
+      "MessageRepeatedField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedNestedMessage": [{"a": 1234}, {"a": 5678}]})",
       "repeated_nested_message: {a: 1234}"
       "repeated_nested_message: {a: 5678}");
 
   // Repeated field elements are of incorrect type.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotBool",
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotBool", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedInt32": [1, false, 3, 4]})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotString",
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotString", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedInt32": [1, 2, "name", 4]})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotMessage",
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotMessage", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedInt32": [1, 2, 3, {"a": 4}]})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotInt",
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotInt", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedString": ["1", 2, "3", "4"]})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotBool",
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotBool", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedString": ["1", "2", false, "4"]})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotMessage",
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotMessage", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedString": ["1", 2, "3", {"a": 4}]})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingMessagesGotInt",
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingMessagesGotInt", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedNestedMessage": [{"a": 1}, 2]})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingMessagesGotBool",
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingMessagesGotBool", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedNestedMessage": [{"a": 1}, false]})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingMessagesGotString",
+      "RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingMessagesGotString", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedNestedMessage": [{"a": 1}, "2"]})");
   // Trailing comma in the repeated field is not allowed.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "RepeatedFieldTrailingComma",
+      "RepeatedFieldTrailingComma", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"repeatedInt32": [1, 2, 3, 4,]})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
       "RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithSpace",
@@ -1476,47 +1496,47 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
 
   // Map fields.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int32MapField",
+      "Int32MapField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"mapInt32Int32": {"1": 2, "3": 4}})",
       "map_int32_int32: {key: 1 value: 2}"
       "map_int32_int32: {key: 3 value: 4}");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int32MapFieldKeyNotQuoted",
+      "Int32MapFieldKeyNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"mapInt32Int32": {1: 2, 3: 4}})");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Uint32MapField",
+      "Uint32MapField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"mapUint32Uint32": {"1": 2, "3": 4}})",
       "map_uint32_uint32: {key: 1 value: 2}"
       "map_uint32_uint32: {key: 3 value: 4}");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Uint32MapFieldKeyNotQuoted",
+      "Uint32MapFieldKeyNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"mapUint32Uint32": {1: 2, 3: 4}})");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int64MapField",
+      "Int64MapField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"mapInt64Int64": {"1": 2, "3": 4}})",
       "map_int64_int64: {key: 1 value: 2}"
       "map_int64_int64: {key: 3 value: 4}");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Int64MapFieldKeyNotQuoted",
+      "Int64MapFieldKeyNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"mapInt64Int64": {1: 2, 3: 4}})");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Uint64MapField",
+      "Uint64MapField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"mapUint64Uint64": {"1": 2, "3": 4}})",
       "map_uint64_uint64: {key: 1 value: 2}"
       "map_uint64_uint64: {key: 3 value: 4}");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "Uint64MapFieldKeyNotQuoted",
+      "Uint64MapFieldKeyNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"mapUint64Uint64": {1: 2, 3: 4}})");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "BoolMapField",
+      "BoolMapField", REQUIRED,
       R"({"mapBoolBool": {"true": true, "false": false}})",
       "map_bool_bool: {key: true value: true}"
       "map_bool_bool: {key: false value: false}");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "BoolMapFieldKeyNotQuoted",
+      "BoolMapFieldKeyNotQuoted", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"mapBoolBool": {true: true, false: false}})");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "MessageMapField",
+      "MessageMapField", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "mapStringNestedMessage": {
           "hello": {"a": 1234},
@@ -1535,21 +1555,21 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
       )");
   // Since Map keys are represented as JSON strings, escaping should be allowed.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int32MapEscapedKey",
+      "Int32MapEscapedKey", REQUIRED,
       R"({"mapInt32Int32": {"\u0031": 2}})",
       "map_int32_int32: {key: 1 value: 2}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Int64MapEscapedKey",
+      "Int64MapEscapedKey", REQUIRED,
       R"({"mapInt64Int64": {"\u0031": 2}})",
       "map_int64_int64: {key: 1 value: 2}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "BoolMapEscapedKey",
+      "BoolMapEscapedKey", REQUIRED,
       R"({"mapBoolBool": {"tr\u0075e": true}})",
       "map_bool_bool: {key: true value: true}");
 
   // "null" is accepted for all fields types.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "AllFieldAcceptNull",
+      "AllFieldAcceptNull", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalInt32": null,
         "optionalInt64": null,
@@ -1577,18 +1597,18 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
 
   // Repeated field elements cannot be null.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "RepeatedFieldPrimitiveElementIsNull",
+      "RepeatedFieldPrimitiveElementIsNull", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"repeatedInt32": [1, null, 2]})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "RepeatedFieldMessageElementIsNull",
+      "RepeatedFieldMessageElementIsNull", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"repeatedNestedMessage": [{"a":1}, null, {"a":2}]})");
   // Map field keys cannot be null.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "MapFieldKeyIsNull",
+      "MapFieldKeyIsNull", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"mapInt32Int32": {null: 1}})");
   // Map field values cannot be null.
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "MapFieldValueIsNull",
+      "MapFieldValueIsNull", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"mapInt32Int32": {"0": null}})");
 
   // http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7159.txt says strings have to use double
@@ -1605,43 +1625,43 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
 
   // Wrapper types.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "OptionalBoolWrapper",
+      "OptionalBoolWrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalBoolWrapper": false})",
       "optional_bool_wrapper: {value: false}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "OptionalInt32Wrapper",
+      "OptionalInt32Wrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt32Wrapper": 0})",
       "optional_int32_wrapper: {value: 0}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "OptionalUint32Wrapper",
+      "OptionalUint32Wrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalUint32Wrapper": 0})",
       "optional_uint32_wrapper: {value: 0}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "OptionalInt64Wrapper",
+      "OptionalInt64Wrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalInt64Wrapper": 0})",
       "optional_int64_wrapper: {value: 0}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "OptionalUint64Wrapper",
+      "OptionalUint64Wrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalUint64Wrapper": 0})",
       "optional_uint64_wrapper: {value: 0}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "OptionalFloatWrapper",
+      "OptionalFloatWrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalFloatWrapper": 0})",
       "optional_float_wrapper: {value: 0}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "OptionalDoubleWrapper",
+      "OptionalDoubleWrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDoubleWrapper": 0})",
       "optional_double_wrapper: {value: 0}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "OptionalStringWrapper",
+      "OptionalStringWrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalStringWrapper": ""})",
       R"(optional_string_wrapper: {value: ""})");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "OptionalBytesWrapper",
+      "OptionalBytesWrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalBytesWrapper": ""})",
       R"(optional_bytes_wrapper: {value: ""})");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "OptionalWrapperTypesWithNonDefaultValue",
+      "OptionalWrapperTypesWithNonDefaultValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalBoolWrapper": true,
         "optionalInt32Wrapper": 1,
@@ -1665,56 +1685,56 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
         optional_bytes_wrapper: {value: "\x01\x02"}
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "RepeatedBoolWrapper",
+      "RepeatedBoolWrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedBoolWrapper": [true, false]})",
       "repeated_bool_wrapper: {value: true}"
       "repeated_bool_wrapper: {value: false}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "RepeatedInt32Wrapper",
+      "RepeatedInt32Wrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedInt32Wrapper": [0, 1]})",
       "repeated_int32_wrapper: {value: 0}"
       "repeated_int32_wrapper: {value: 1}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "RepeatedUint32Wrapper",
+      "RepeatedUint32Wrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedUint32Wrapper": [0, 1]})",
       "repeated_uint32_wrapper: {value: 0}"
       "repeated_uint32_wrapper: {value: 1}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "RepeatedInt64Wrapper",
+      "RepeatedInt64Wrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedInt64Wrapper": [0, 1]})",
       "repeated_int64_wrapper: {value: 0}"
       "repeated_int64_wrapper: {value: 1}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "RepeatedUint64Wrapper",
+      "RepeatedUint64Wrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedUint64Wrapper": [0, 1]})",
       "repeated_uint64_wrapper: {value: 0}"
       "repeated_uint64_wrapper: {value: 1}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "RepeatedFloatWrapper",
+      "RepeatedFloatWrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedFloatWrapper": [0, 1]})",
       "repeated_float_wrapper: {value: 0}"
       "repeated_float_wrapper: {value: 1}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "RepeatedDoubleWrapper",
+      "RepeatedDoubleWrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedDoubleWrapper": [0, 1]})",
       "repeated_double_wrapper: {value: 0}"
       "repeated_double_wrapper: {value: 1}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "RepeatedStringWrapper",
+      "RepeatedStringWrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedStringWrapper": ["", "AQI="]})",
       R"(
         repeated_string_wrapper: {value: ""}
         repeated_string_wrapper: {value: "AQI="}
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "RepeatedBytesWrapper",
+      "RepeatedBytesWrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedBytesWrapper": ["", "AQI="]})",
       R"(
         repeated_bytes_wrapper: {value: ""}
         repeated_bytes_wrapper: {value: "\x01\x02"}
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "WrapperTypesWithNullValue",
+      "WrapperTypesWithNullValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalBoolWrapper": null,
         "optionalInt32Wrapper": null,
@@ -1739,55 +1759,55 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
 
   // Duration
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "DurationMinValue",
+      "DurationMinValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDuration": "-315576000000.999999999s"})",
       "optional_duration: {seconds: -315576000000 nanos: -999999999}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "DurationMaxValue",
+      "DurationMaxValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDuration": "315576000000.999999999s"})",
       "optional_duration: {seconds: 315576000000 nanos: 999999999}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "DurationRepeatedValue",
+      "DurationRepeatedValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"repeatedDuration": ["1.5s", "-1.5s"]})",
       "repeated_duration: {seconds: 1 nanos: 500000000}"
       "repeated_duration: {seconds: -1 nanos: -500000000}");
 
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "DurationMissingS",
+      "DurationMissingS", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDuration": "1"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "DurationJsonInputTooSmall",
+      "DurationJsonInputTooSmall", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDuration": "-315576000001.000000000s"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "DurationJsonInputTooLarge",
+      "DurationJsonInputTooLarge", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalDuration": "315576000001.000000000s"})");
   ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
-      "DurationProtoInputTooSmall",
+      "DurationProtoInputTooSmall", REQUIRED,
       "optional_duration: {seconds: -315576000001 nanos: 0}");
   ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
-      "DurationProtoInputTooLarge",
+      "DurationProtoInputTooLarge", REQUIRED,
       "optional_duration: {seconds: 315576000001 nanos: 0}");
 
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "DurationHasZeroFractionalDigit",
+      "DurationHasZeroFractionalDigit", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalDuration": "1.000000000s"})",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value["optionalDuration"].asString() == "1s";
       });
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "DurationHas3FractionalDigits",
+      "DurationHas3FractionalDigits", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalDuration": "1.010000000s"})",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value["optionalDuration"].asString() == "1.010s";
       });
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "DurationHas6FractionalDigits",
+      "DurationHas6FractionalDigits", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalDuration": "1.000010000s"})",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value["optionalDuration"].asString() == "1.000010s";
       });
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "DurationHas9FractionalDigits",
+      "DurationHas9FractionalDigits", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalDuration": "1.000000010s"})",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value["optionalDuration"].asString() == "1.000000010s";
@@ -1795,15 +1815,15 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
 
   // Timestamp
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "TimestampMinValue",
+      "TimestampMinValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"})",
       "optional_timestamp: {seconds: -62135596800}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "TimestampMaxValue",
+      "TimestampMaxValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z"})",
       "optional_timestamp: {seconds: 253402300799 nanos: 999999999}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "TimestampRepeatedValue",
+      "TimestampRepeatedValue", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "repeatedTimestamp": [
           "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
@@ -1813,68 +1833,68 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
       "repeated_timestamp: {seconds: -62135596800}"
       "repeated_timestamp: {seconds: 253402300799 nanos: 999999999}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "TimestampWithPositiveOffset",
+      "TimestampWithPositiveOffset", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1970-01-01T08:00:00+08:00"})",
       "optional_timestamp: {seconds: 0}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "TimestampWithNegativeOffset",
+      "TimestampWithNegativeOffset", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1969-12-31T16:00:00-08:00"})",
       "optional_timestamp: {seconds: 0}");
 
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "TimestampJsonInputTooSmall",
+      "TimestampJsonInputTooSmall", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "0000-01-01T00:00:00Z"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "TimestampJsonInputTooLarge",
+      "TimestampJsonInputTooLarge", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "10000-01-01T00:00:00Z"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "TimestampJsonInputMissingZ",
+      "TimestampJsonInputMissingZ", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "0001-01-01T00:00:00"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "TimestampJsonInputMissingT",
+      "TimestampJsonInputMissingT", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "0001-01-01 00:00:00Z"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "TimestampJsonInputLowercaseZ",
+      "TimestampJsonInputLowercaseZ", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "0001-01-01T00:00:00z"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "TimestampJsonInputLowercaseT",
+      "TimestampJsonInputLowercaseT", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "0001-01-01t00:00:00Z"})");
   ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
-      "TimestampProtoInputTooSmall",
+      "TimestampProtoInputTooSmall", REQUIRED,
       "optional_timestamp: {seconds: -62135596801}");
   ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
-      "TimestampProtoInputTooLarge",
+      "TimestampProtoInputTooLarge", REQUIRED,
       "optional_timestamp: {seconds: 253402300800}");
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "TimestampZeroNormalized",
+      "TimestampZeroNormalized", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1969-12-31T16:00:00-08:00"})",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value["optionalTimestamp"].asString() ==
             "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
       });
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "TimestampHasZeroFractionalDigit",
+      "TimestampHasZeroFractionalDigit", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000000Z"})",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value["optionalTimestamp"].asString() ==
             "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
       });
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "TimestampHas3FractionalDigits",
+      "TimestampHas3FractionalDigits", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.010000000Z"})",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value["optionalTimestamp"].asString() ==
             "1970-01-01T00:00:00.010Z";
       });
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "TimestampHas6FractionalDigits",
+      "TimestampHas6FractionalDigits", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000010000Z"})",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value["optionalTimestamp"].asString() ==
             "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000010Z";
       });
   RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(
-      "TimestampHas9FractionalDigits",
+      "TimestampHas9FractionalDigits", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalTimestamp": "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000010Z"})",
       [](const Json::Value& value) {
         return value["optionalTimestamp"].asString() ==
@@ -1883,25 +1903,25 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
 
   // FieldMask
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "FieldMask",
+      "FieldMask", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalFieldMask": "foo,barBaz"})",
       R"(optional_field_mask: {paths: "foo" paths: "bar_baz"})");
   ExpectParseFailureForJson(
-      "FieldMaskInvalidCharacter",
+      "FieldMaskInvalidCharacter", RECOMMENDED,
       R"({"optionalFieldMask": "foo,bar_bar"})");
   ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
-      "FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip",
+      "FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip", RECOMMENDED,
       R"(optional_field_mask: {paths: "fooBar"})");
   ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
-      "FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip",
+      "FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip", RECOMMENDED,
       R"(optional_field_mask: {paths: "foo_3_bar"})");
   ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(
-      "FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore",
+      "FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore", RECOMMENDED,
       R"(optional_field_mask: {paths: "foo__bar"})");
 
   // Struct
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Struct",
+      "Struct", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalStruct": {
           "nullValue": null,
@@ -1967,27 +1987,27 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
       )");
   // Value
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "ValueAcceptInteger",
+      "ValueAcceptInteger", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalValue": 1})",
       "optional_value: { number_value: 1}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "ValueAcceptFloat",
+      "ValueAcceptFloat", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalValue": 1.5})",
       "optional_value: { number_value: 1.5}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "ValueAcceptBool",
+      "ValueAcceptBool", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalValue": false})",
       "optional_value: { bool_value: false}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "ValueAcceptNull",
+      "ValueAcceptNull", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalValue": null})",
       "optional_value: { null_value: NULL_VALUE}");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "ValueAcceptString",
+      "ValueAcceptString", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalValue": "hello"})",
       R"(optional_value: { string_value: "hello"})");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "ValueAcceptList",
+      "ValueAcceptList", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalValue": [0, "hello"]})",
       R"(
         optional_value: {
@@ -2002,7 +2022,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
         }
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "ValueAcceptObject",
+      "ValueAcceptObject", REQUIRED,
       R"({"optionalValue": {"value": 1}})",
       R"(
         optional_value: {
@@ -2019,7 +2039,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
 
   // Any
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "Any",
+      "Any", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalAny": {
           "@type": "type.googleapis.com/conformance.TestAllTypes",
@@ -2034,7 +2054,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
         }
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "AnyNested",
+      "AnyNested", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalAny": {
           "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any",
@@ -2055,7 +2075,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
       )");
   // The special "@type" tag is not required to appear first.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "AnyUnorderedTypeTag",
+      "AnyUnorderedTypeTag", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalAny": {
           "optionalInt32": 12345,
@@ -2071,7 +2091,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
       )");
   // Well-known types in Any.
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "AnyWithInt32ValueWrapper",
+      "AnyWithInt32ValueWrapper", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalAny": {
           "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value",
@@ -2086,7 +2106,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
         }
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "AnyWithDuration",
+      "AnyWithDuration", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalAny": {
           "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration",
@@ -2102,7 +2122,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
         }
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "AnyWithTimestamp",
+      "AnyWithTimestamp", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalAny": {
           "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp",
@@ -2118,7 +2138,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
         }
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "AnyWithFieldMask",
+      "AnyWithFieldMask", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalAny": {
           "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask",
@@ -2133,7 +2153,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
         }
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "AnyWithStruct",
+      "AnyWithStruct", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalAny": {
           "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct",
@@ -2155,7 +2175,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
         }
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "AnyWithValueForJsonObject",
+      "AnyWithValueForJsonObject", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalAny": {
           "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value",
@@ -2179,7 +2199,7 @@ bool ConformanceTestSuite::RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner,
         }
       )");
   RunValidJsonTest(
-      "AnyWithValueForInteger",
+      "AnyWithValueForInteger", REQUIRED,
       R"({
         "optionalAny": {
           "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value",
diff --git a/conformance/conformance_test.h b/conformance/conformance_test.h
index 56689318..2e6fc5d7 100644
--- a/conformance/conformance_test.h
+++ b/conformance/conformance_test.h
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class ConformanceTestRunner {
 //
 class ConformanceTestSuite {
  public:
-  ConformanceTestSuite() : verbose_(false) {}
+  ConformanceTestSuite() : verbose_(false), enforce_recommended_(false) {}
 
   void SetVerbose(bool verbose) { verbose_ = verbose; }
 
@@ -104,6 +104,18 @@ class ConformanceTestSuite {
   void SetFailureList(const std::string& filename,
                       const std::vector<std::string>& failure_list);
 
+  // Whether to require the testee to pass RECOMMENDED tests. By default failing
+  // a RECOMMENDED test case will not fail the entire suite but will only
+  // generated a warning. If this flag is set to true, RECOMMENDED tests will
+  // be treated the same way as REQUIRED tests and failing a RECOMMENDED test
+  // case will cause the entire test suite to fail as well. An implementation
+  // can enable this if it wants to be strictly conforming to protobuf spec.
+  // See the comments about ConformanceLevel below to learn more about the
+  // difference between REQUIRED and RECOMMENDED test cases.
+  void SetEnforceRecommended(bool value) {
+    enforce_recommended_ = value;
+  }
+
   // Run all the conformance tests against the given test runner.
   // Test output will be stored in "output".
   //
@@ -113,8 +125,27 @@ class ConformanceTestSuite {
   bool RunSuite(ConformanceTestRunner* runner, std::string* output);
 
  private:
+  // Test cases are classified into a few categories:
+  //   REQUIRED: the test case must be passed for an implementation to be
+  //             interoperable with other implementations. For example, a
+  //             parser implementaiton must accept both packed and unpacked
+  //             form of repeated primitive fields.
+  //   RECOMMENDED: the test case is not required for the implementation to
+  //                be interoperable with other implementations, but is
+  //                recommended for best performance and compatibility. For
+  //                example, a proto3 serializer should serialize repeated
+  //                primitive fields in packed form, but an implementation
+  //                failing to do so will still be able to communicate with
+  //                other implementations.
+  enum ConformanceLevel {
+    REQUIRED = 0,
+    RECOMMENDED = 1,
+  };
+  string ConformanceLevelToString(ConformanceLevel level);
+
   void ReportSuccess(const std::string& test_name);
   void ReportFailure(const string& test_name,
+                     ConformanceLevel level,
                      const conformance::ConformanceRequest& request,
                      const conformance::ConformanceResponse& response,
                      const char* fmt, ...);
@@ -124,13 +155,18 @@ class ConformanceTestSuite {
   void RunTest(const std::string& test_name,
                const conformance::ConformanceRequest& request,
                conformance::ConformanceResponse* response);
-  void RunValidInputTest(const string& test_name, const string& input,
+  void RunValidInputTest(const string& test_name,
+                         ConformanceLevel level,
+                         const string& input,
                          conformance::WireFormat input_format,
                          const string& equivalent_text_format,
                          conformance::WireFormat requested_output);
-  void RunValidJsonTest(const string& test_name, const string& input_json,
+  void RunValidJsonTest(const string& test_name,
+                        ConformanceLevel level,
+                        const string& input_json,
                         const string& equivalent_text_format);
   void RunValidJsonTestWithProtobufInput(const string& test_name,
+                                         ConformanceLevel level,
                                          const conformance::TestAllTypes& input,
                                          const string& equivalent_text_format);
   void RunValidProtobufTest(const string& test_name,
@@ -139,16 +175,21 @@ class ConformanceTestSuite {
 
   typedef std::function<bool(const Json::Value&)> Validator;
   void RunValidJsonTestWithValidator(const string& test_name,
+                                     ConformanceLevel level,
                                      const string& input_json,
                                      const Validator& validator);
   void ExpectParseFailureForJson(const string& test_name,
+                                 ConformanceLevel level,
                                  const string& input_json);
   void ExpectSerializeFailureForJson(const string& test_name,
+                                     ConformanceLevel level,
                                      const string& text_format);
   void ExpectParseFailureForProto(const std::string& proto,
-                                  const std::string& test_name);
+                                  const std::string& test_name,
+                                  ConformanceLevel level);
   void ExpectHardParseFailureForProto(const std::string& proto,
-                                      const std::string& test_name);
+                                      const std::string& test_name,
+                                      ConformanceLevel level);
   void TestPrematureEOFForType(google::protobuf::FieldDescriptor::Type type);
   bool CheckSetEmpty(const set<string>& set_to_check,
                      const std::string& write_to_file, const std::string& msg);
@@ -156,6 +197,7 @@ class ConformanceTestSuite {
   int successes_;
   int expected_failures_;
   bool verbose_;
+  bool enforce_recommended_;
   std::string output_;
   std::string failure_list_filename_;
 
diff --git a/conformance/conformance_test_runner.cc b/conformance/conformance_test_runner.cc
index d6b1175c..7e91d388 100644
--- a/conformance/conformance_test_runner.cc
+++ b/conformance/conformance_test_runner.cc
@@ -251,6 +251,16 @@ void UsageError() {
           "                              should contain one test name per\n");
   fprintf(stderr,
           "                              line.  Use '#' for comments.\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "  --enforce_recommended       Enforce that recommended test\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              cases are also passing. Specify\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              this flag if you want to be\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              strictly conforming to protobuf\n");
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "                              spec.\n");
   exit(1);
 }
 
@@ -290,6 +300,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
       ParseFailureList(argv[arg], &failure_list);
     } else if (strcmp(argv[arg], "--verbose") == 0) {
       suite.SetVerbose(true);
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[arg], "--enforce_recommended") == 0) {
+      suite.SetEnforceRecommended(true);
     } else if (argv[arg][0] == '-') {
       fprintf(stderr, "Unknown option: %s\n", argv[arg]);
       UsageError();
diff --git a/conformance/failure_list_cpp.txt b/conformance/failure_list_cpp.txt
index 5e17176e..fcaa08bd 100644
--- a/conformance/failure_list_cpp.txt
+++ b/conformance/failure_list_cpp.txt
@@ -7,48 +7,41 @@
 # TODO(haberman): insert links to corresponding bugs tracking the issue.
 # Should we use GitHub issues or the Google-internal bug tracker?
 
-FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
-FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
-FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.AnyUnorderedTypeTag.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.AnyUnorderedTypeTag.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.BoolFieldDoubleQuotedFalse
-JsonInput.BoolFieldDoubleQuotedTrue
-JsonInput.BytesFieldNoPadding
-JsonInput.DoubleFieldTooSmall
-JsonInput.DurationHasZeroFractionalDigit.Validator
-JsonInput.EnumFieldUnknownValue.Validator
-JsonInput.FieldMaskInvalidCharacter
-JsonInput.FieldNameDuplicate
-JsonInput.FieldNameDuplicateDifferentCasing1
-JsonInput.FieldNameDuplicateDifferentCasing2
-JsonInput.FieldNameNotQuoted
-JsonInput.MapFieldValueIsNull
-JsonInput.RepeatedFieldMessageElementIsNull
-JsonInput.RepeatedFieldPrimitiveElementIsNull
-JsonInput.RepeatedFieldTrailingComma
-JsonInput.RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithNewlines
-JsonInput.RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithSpace
-JsonInput.RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithSpaceCommaSpace
-JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteBoth
-JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteKey
-JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteValue
-JsonInput.StringFieldUppercaseEscapeLetter
-JsonInput.TrailingCommaInAnObject
-JsonInput.TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithNewlines
-JsonInput.TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithSpace
-JsonInput.TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithSpaceCommaSpace
-JsonInput.WrapperTypesWithNullValue.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.WrapperTypesWithNullValue.ProtobufOutput
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofBeforeKnownRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownNonRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.BOOL
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.ENUM
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.INT32
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.INT64
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SINT32
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SINT64
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.UINT32
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.UINT64
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInsideKnownRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
+Recommended.FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
+Recommended.FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
+Recommended.FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore.JsonOutput
+Recommended.JsonInput.BoolFieldDoubleQuotedFalse
+Recommended.JsonInput.BoolFieldDoubleQuotedTrue
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldMaskInvalidCharacter
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldNameDuplicate
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldNameDuplicateDifferentCasing1
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldNameDuplicateDifferentCasing2
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldNameNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.MapFieldValueIsNull
+Recommended.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldMessageElementIsNull
+Recommended.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldPrimitiveElementIsNull
+Recommended.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldTrailingComma
+Recommended.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithNewlines
+Recommended.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithSpace
+Recommended.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldTrailingCommaWithSpaceCommaSpace
+Recommended.JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteBoth
+Recommended.JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteKey
+Recommended.JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteValue
+Recommended.JsonInput.StringFieldUppercaseEscapeLetter
+Recommended.JsonInput.TrailingCommaInAnObject
+Recommended.JsonInput.TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithNewlines
+Recommended.JsonInput.TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithSpace
+Recommended.JsonInput.TrailingCommaInAnObjectWithSpaceCommaSpace
+Required.JsonInput.DoubleFieldTooSmall
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofBeforeKnownRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownNonRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.BOOL
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.ENUM
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.INT32
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.INT64
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SINT32
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SINT64
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.UINT32
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.UINT64
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInsideKnownRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
diff --git a/conformance/failure_list_java.txt b/conformance/failure_list_java.txt
index b2122c8b..440696db 100644
--- a/conformance/failure_list_java.txt
+++ b/conformance/failure_list_java.txt
@@ -4,48 +4,46 @@
 # By listing them here we can keep tabs on which ones are failing and be sure
 # that we don't introduce regressions in other tests.
 
-FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
-FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
-FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.BoolFieldAllCapitalFalse
-JsonInput.BoolFieldAllCapitalTrue
-JsonInput.BoolFieldCamelCaseFalse
-JsonInput.BoolFieldCamelCaseTrue
-JsonInput.BoolFieldDoubleQuotedFalse
-JsonInput.BoolFieldDoubleQuotedTrue
-JsonInput.BoolMapFieldKeyNotQuoted
-JsonInput.DoubleFieldInfinityNotQuoted
-JsonInput.DoubleFieldNanNotQuoted
-JsonInput.DoubleFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
-JsonInput.EnumFieldNotQuoted
-JsonInput.FieldMaskInvalidCharacter
-JsonInput.FieldNameDuplicate
-JsonInput.FieldNameInLowerCamelCase.Validator
-JsonInput.FieldNameInSnakeCase.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.FieldNameInSnakeCase.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.FieldNameNotQuoted
-JsonInput.FieldNameWithDoubleUnderscores.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.FieldNameWithDoubleUnderscores.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.FieldNameWithDoubleUnderscores.Validator
-JsonInput.FloatFieldInfinityNotQuoted
-JsonInput.FloatFieldNanNotQuoted
-JsonInput.FloatFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
-JsonInput.Int32FieldLeadingZero
-JsonInput.Int32FieldNegativeWithLeadingZero
-JsonInput.Int32FieldPlusSign
-JsonInput.Int32MapFieldKeyNotQuoted
-JsonInput.Int64MapFieldKeyNotQuoted
-JsonInput.JsonWithComments
-JsonInput.OriginalProtoFieldName.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotBool
-JsonInput.RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotInt
-JsonInput.StringFieldNotAString
-JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteBoth
-JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteKey
-JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteValue
-JsonInput.StringFieldSurrogateInWrongOrder
-JsonInput.StringFieldUnpairedHighSurrogate
-JsonInput.StringFieldUnpairedLowSurrogate
-JsonInput.StringFieldUppercaseEscapeLetter
-JsonInput.Uint32MapFieldKeyNotQuoted
-JsonInput.Uint64MapFieldKeyNotQuoted
+Recommended.FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
+Recommended.FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
+Recommended.FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore.JsonOutput
+Recommended.JsonInput.BoolFieldAllCapitalFalse
+Recommended.JsonInput.BoolFieldAllCapitalTrue
+Recommended.JsonInput.BoolFieldCamelCaseFalse
+Recommended.JsonInput.BoolFieldCamelCaseTrue
+Recommended.JsonInput.BoolFieldDoubleQuotedFalse
+Recommended.JsonInput.BoolFieldDoubleQuotedTrue
+Recommended.JsonInput.BoolMapFieldKeyNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.DoubleFieldInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNanNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldMaskInvalidCharacter
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldNameDuplicate
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldNameInLowerCamelCase.Validator
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldNameInSnakeCase.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldNameNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldNameWithDoubleUnderscores.JsonOutput
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldNameWithDoubleUnderscores.ProtobufOutput
+Recommended.JsonInput.FieldNameWithDoubleUnderscores.Validator
+Recommended.JsonInput.FloatFieldInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.FloatFieldNanNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.FloatFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.Int32MapFieldKeyNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.Int64MapFieldKeyNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.JsonWithComments
+Recommended.JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteBoth
+Recommended.JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteKey
+Recommended.JsonInput.StringFieldSingleQuoteValue
+Recommended.JsonInput.StringFieldSurrogateInWrongOrder
+Recommended.JsonInput.StringFieldUnpairedHighSurrogate
+Recommended.JsonInput.StringFieldUnpairedLowSurrogate
+Recommended.JsonInput.StringFieldUppercaseEscapeLetter
+Recommended.JsonInput.Uint32MapFieldKeyNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.Uint64MapFieldKeyNotQuoted
+Required.JsonInput.EnumFieldNotQuoted
+Required.JsonInput.Int32FieldLeadingZero
+Required.JsonInput.Int32FieldNegativeWithLeadingZero
+Required.JsonInput.Int32FieldPlusSign
+Required.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotBool
+Required.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingStringsGotInt
+Required.JsonInput.StringFieldNotAString
diff --git a/conformance/failure_list_python.txt b/conformance/failure_list_python.txt
index d38b7828..84635670 100644
--- a/conformance/failure_list_python.txt
+++ b/conformance/failure_list_python.txt
@@ -1,46 +1,15 @@
-DurationProtoInputTooLarge.JsonOutput
-DurationProtoInputTooSmall.JsonOutput
-FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
-FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
-FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.AnyWithFieldMask.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.BytesFieldInvalidBase64Characters
-JsonInput.DoubleFieldInfinityNotQuoted
-JsonInput.DoubleFieldNanNotQuoted
-JsonInput.DoubleFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
-JsonInput.DoubleFieldTooSmall
-JsonInput.DurationJsonInputTooLarge
-JsonInput.DurationJsonInputTooSmall
-JsonInput.DurationMissingS
-JsonInput.EnumFieldNumericValueNonZero.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.EnumFieldNumericValueNonZero.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.EnumFieldNumericValueZero.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.EnumFieldNumericValueZero.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.EnumFieldUnknownValue.Validator
-JsonInput.FieldMask.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.FieldMaskInvalidCharacter
-JsonInput.FloatFieldInfinityNotQuoted
-JsonInput.FloatFieldNanNotQuoted
-JsonInput.FloatFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
-JsonInput.FloatFieldTooLarge
-JsonInput.FloatFieldTooSmall
-JsonInput.Int32FieldExponentialFormat.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldExponentialFormat.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldFloatTrailingZero.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldFloatTrailingZero.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldMaxFloatValue.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldMaxFloatValue.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldMinFloatValue.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldMinFloatValue.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.OneofZeroMessage.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.OneofZeroMessage.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.OriginalProtoFieldName.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.OriginalProtoFieldName.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotBool
-JsonInput.TimestampJsonInputLowercaseT
-JsonInput.Uint32FieldMaxFloatValue.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.Uint32FieldMaxFloatValue.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.ValueAcceptNull.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.ValueAcceptNull.ProtobufOutput
-TimestampProtoInputTooLarge.JsonOutput
-TimestampProtoInputTooSmall.JsonOutput
+Recommended.JsonInput.DoubleFieldInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNanNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.FloatFieldInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.FloatFieldNanNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.FloatFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.OneofZeroMessage.JsonOutput
+Recommended.JsonInput.OneofZeroMessage.ProtobufOutput
+Required.JsonInput.BytesFieldInvalidBase64Characters
+Required.JsonInput.DoubleFieldTooSmall
+Required.JsonInput.EnumFieldUnknownValue.Validator
+Required.JsonInput.FloatFieldTooLarge
+Required.JsonInput.FloatFieldTooSmall
+Required.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotBool
+Required.JsonInput.TimestampJsonInputLowercaseT
diff --git a/conformance/failure_list_python_cpp.txt b/conformance/failure_list_python_cpp.txt
index 84d9fccd..d77e2afb 100644
--- a/conformance/failure_list_python_cpp.txt
+++ b/conformance/failure_list_python_cpp.txt
@@ -7,65 +7,34 @@
 # TODO(haberman): insert links to corresponding bugs tracking the issue.
 # Should we use GitHub issues or the Google-internal bug tracker?
 
-DurationProtoInputTooLarge.JsonOutput
-DurationProtoInputTooSmall.JsonOutput
-FieldMaskNumbersDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
-FieldMaskPathsDontRoundTrip.JsonOutput
-FieldMaskTooManyUnderscore.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.AnyWithFieldMask.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.BytesFieldInvalidBase64Characters
-JsonInput.DoubleFieldInfinityNotQuoted
-JsonInput.DoubleFieldNanNotQuoted
-JsonInput.DoubleFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
-JsonInput.DoubleFieldTooSmall
-JsonInput.DurationJsonInputTooLarge
-JsonInput.DurationJsonInputTooSmall
-JsonInput.DurationMissingS
-JsonInput.EnumFieldNumericValueNonZero.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.EnumFieldNumericValueNonZero.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.EnumFieldNumericValueZero.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.EnumFieldNumericValueZero.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.EnumFieldUnknownValue.Validator
-JsonInput.FieldMask.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.FieldMaskInvalidCharacter
-JsonInput.FloatFieldInfinityNotQuoted
-JsonInput.FloatFieldNanNotQuoted
-JsonInput.FloatFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
-JsonInput.FloatFieldTooLarge
-JsonInput.FloatFieldTooSmall
-JsonInput.Int32FieldExponentialFormat.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldExponentialFormat.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldFloatTrailingZero.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldFloatTrailingZero.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldMaxFloatValue.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldMaxFloatValue.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldMinFloatValue.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.Int32FieldMinFloatValue.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.OneofZeroMessage.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.OneofZeroMessage.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.OriginalProtoFieldName.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.OriginalProtoFieldName.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotBool
-JsonInput.TimestampJsonInputLowercaseT
-JsonInput.Uint32FieldMaxFloatValue.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.Uint32FieldMaxFloatValue.ProtobufOutput
-JsonInput.ValueAcceptNull.JsonOutput
-JsonInput.ValueAcceptNull.ProtobufOutput
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownNonRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.BOOL
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.DOUBLE
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.ENUM
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.FIXED32
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.FIXED64
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.FLOAT
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.INT32
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.INT64
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SFIXED32
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SFIXED64
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SINT32
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SINT64
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.UINT32
-ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.UINT64
-TimestampProtoInputTooLarge.JsonOutput
-TimestampProtoInputTooSmall.JsonOutput
+Recommended.JsonInput.DoubleFieldInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNanNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.DoubleFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.FloatFieldInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.FloatFieldNanNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.FloatFieldNegativeInfinityNotQuoted
+Recommended.JsonInput.OneofZeroMessage.JsonOutput
+Recommended.JsonInput.OneofZeroMessage.ProtobufOutput
+Required.JsonInput.BytesFieldInvalidBase64Characters
+Required.JsonInput.DoubleFieldTooSmall
+Required.JsonInput.EnumFieldUnknownValue.Validator
+Required.JsonInput.FloatFieldTooLarge
+Required.JsonInput.FloatFieldTooSmall
+Required.JsonInput.RepeatedFieldWrongElementTypeExpectingIntegersGotBool
+Required.JsonInput.TimestampJsonInputLowercaseT
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownNonRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInDelimitedDataForKnownRepeatedValue.MESSAGE
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.BOOL
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.DOUBLE
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.ENUM
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.FIXED32
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.FIXED64
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.FLOAT
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.INT32
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.INT64
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SFIXED32
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SFIXED64
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SINT32
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.SINT64
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.UINT32
+Required.ProtobufInput.PrematureEofInPackedField.UINT64
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteString.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteString.java
index 3f3f9f3c..5b24976d 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteString.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteString.java
@@ -311,6 +311,18 @@ public abstract class ByteString implements Iterable<Byte>, Serializable {
   }
 
   /**
+   * Wraps the given bytes into a {@code ByteString}. Intended for internal only usage.
+   */
+  static ByteString wrap(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    if (buffer.hasArray()) {
+      final int offset = buffer.arrayOffset();
+      return ByteString.wrap(buffer.array(), offset + buffer.position(), buffer.remaining());
+    } else {
+      return new NioByteString(buffer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
    * Wraps the given bytes into a {@code ByteString}. Intended for internal only
    * usage to force a classload of ByteString before LiteralByteString.
    */
@@ -679,6 +691,7 @@ public abstract class ByteString implements Iterable<Byte>, Serializable {
    */
   abstract void writeTo(ByteOutput byteOutput) throws IOException;
 
+
   /**
    * Constructs a read-only {@code java.nio.ByteBuffer} whose content
    * is equal to the contents of this byte string.
@@ -820,6 +833,7 @@ public abstract class ByteString implements Iterable<Byte>, Serializable {
       return true;
     }
 
+
     /**
      * Check equality of the substring of given length of this object starting at
      * zero with another {@code ByteString} substring starting at offset.
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStream.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStream.java
index e8860651..e461fa28 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStream.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStream.java
@@ -30,6 +30,14 @@
 
 package com.google.protobuf;
 
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.UTF_8;
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED_32_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED_64_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.MAX_VARINT_SIZE;
+
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
@@ -41,51 +49,55 @@ import java.util.List;
 /**
  * Reads and decodes protocol message fields.
  *
- * This class contains two kinds of methods:  methods that read specific
- * protocol message constructs and field types (e.g. {@link #readTag()} and
- * {@link #readInt32()}) and methods that read low-level values (e.g.
- * {@link #readRawVarint32()} and {@link #readRawBytes}).  If you are reading
- * encoded protocol messages, you should use the former methods, but if you are
- * reading some other format of your own design, use the latter.
+ * <p>This class contains two kinds of methods: methods that read specific protocol message
+ * constructs and field types (e.g. {@link #readTag()} and {@link #readInt32()}) and methods that
+ * read low-level values (e.g. {@link #readRawVarint32()} and {@link #readRawBytes}). If you are
+ * reading encoded protocol messages, you should use the former methods, but if you are reading some
+ * other format of your own design, use the latter.
  *
  * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
  */
-public final class CodedInputStream {
-  /**
-   * Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given InputStream.
-   */
+public abstract class CodedInputStream {
+  private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
+  private static final int DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT = 100;
+  private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE_LIMIT = 64 << 20; // 64MB
+
+  /** Visible for subclasses. See setRecursionLimit() */
+  int recursionDepth;
+
+  int recursionLimit = DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT;
+
+  /** Visible for subclasses. See setSizeLimit() */
+  int sizeLimit = DEFAULT_SIZE_LIMIT;
+
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given InputStream. */
   public static CodedInputStream newInstance(final InputStream input) {
-    return new CodedInputStream(input, BUFFER_SIZE);
+    return newInstance(input, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
   }
-  
-  /**
-   * Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given InputStream.
-   */
+
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given InputStream. */
   static CodedInputStream newInstance(final InputStream input, int bufferSize) {
-    return new CodedInputStream(input, bufferSize);
+    if (input == null) {
+      // TODO(nathanmittler): Ideally we should throw here. This is done for backward compatibility.
+      return newInstance(EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY);
+    }
+    return new StreamDecoder(input, bufferSize);
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given byte array.
-   */
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given byte array. */
   public static CodedInputStream newInstance(final byte[] buf) {
     return newInstance(buf, 0, buf.length);
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given byte array slice.
-   */
-  public static CodedInputStream newInstance(final byte[] buf, final int off,
-                                             final int len) {
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given byte array slice. */
+  public static CodedInputStream newInstance(final byte[] buf, final int off, final int len) {
     return newInstance(buf, off, len, false /* bufferIsImmutable */);
   }
-  
-  /**
-   * Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given byte array slice.
-   */
+
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given byte array slice. */
   static CodedInputStream newInstance(
       final byte[] buf, final int off, final int len, final boolean bufferIsImmutable) {
-    CodedInputStream result = new CodedInputStream(buf, off, len, bufferIsImmutable);
+    ArrayDecoder result = new ArrayDecoder(buf, off, len, bufferIsImmutable);
     try {
       // Some uses of CodedInputStream can be more efficient if they know
       // exactly how many bytes are available.  By pushing the end point of the
@@ -107,583 +119,358 @@ public final class CodedInputStream {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given ByteBuffer. The data
-   * starting from the ByteBuffer's current position to its limit will be read.
-   * The returned CodedInputStream may or may not share the underlying data
-   * in the ByteBuffer, therefore the ByteBuffer cannot be changed while the
-   * CodedInputStream is in use.
-   * Note that the ByteBuffer's position won't be changed by this function.
-   * Concurrent calls with the same ByteBuffer object are safe if no other
-   * thread is trying to alter the ByteBuffer's status.
+   * Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given ByteBuffer. The data starting from the
+   * ByteBuffer's current position to its limit will be read. The returned CodedInputStream may or
+   * may not share the underlying data in the ByteBuffer, therefore the ByteBuffer cannot be changed
+   * while the CodedInputStream is in use. Note that the ByteBuffer's position won't be changed by
+   * this function. Concurrent calls with the same ByteBuffer object are safe if no other thread is
+   * trying to alter the ByteBuffer's status.
    */
   public static CodedInputStream newInstance(ByteBuffer buf) {
+    return newInstance(buf, false /* bufferIsImmutable */);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a new CodedInputStream wrapping the given buffer. */
+  static CodedInputStream newInstance(ByteBuffer buf, boolean bufferIsImmutable) {
     if (buf.hasArray()) {
-      return newInstance(buf.array(), buf.arrayOffset() + buf.position(),
-          buf.remaining());
-    } else {
-      ByteBuffer temp = buf.duplicate();
-      byte[] buffer = new byte[temp.remaining()];
-      temp.get(buffer);
-      return newInstance(buffer);
+      return newInstance(
+          buf.array(), buf.arrayOffset() + buf.position(), buf.remaining(), bufferIsImmutable);
+    }
+
+    if (buf.isDirect() && UnsafeDirectNioDecoder.isSupported()) {
+      return new UnsafeDirectNioDecoder(buf, bufferIsImmutable);
     }
+
+    // The buffer is non-direct and does not expose the underlying array. Using the ByteBuffer API
+    // to access individual bytes is very slow, so just copy the buffer to an array.
+    // TODO(nathanmittler): Re-evaluate with Java 9
+    byte[] buffer = new byte[buf.remaining()];
+    buf.duplicate().get(buffer);
+    return newInstance(buffer, 0, buffer.length, true);
   }
 
+  /** Disable construction/inheritance outside of this class. */
+  private CodedInputStream() {}
+
   // -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
   /**
-   * Attempt to read a field tag, returning zero if we have reached EOF.
-   * Protocol message parsers use this to read tags, since a protocol message
-   * may legally end wherever a tag occurs, and zero is not a valid tag number.
+   * Attempt to read a field tag, returning zero if we have reached EOF. Protocol message parsers
+   * use this to read tags, since a protocol message may legally end wherever a tag occurs, and zero
+   * is not a valid tag number.
    */
-  public int readTag() throws IOException {
-    if (isAtEnd()) {
-      lastTag = 0;
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    lastTag = readRawVarint32();
-    if (WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(lastTag) == 0) {
-      // If we actually read zero (or any tag number corresponding to field
-      // number zero), that's not a valid tag.
-      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag();
-    }
-    return lastTag;
-  }
+  public abstract int readTag() throws IOException;
 
   /**
-   * Verifies that the last call to readTag() returned the given tag value.
-   * This is used to verify that a nested group ended with the correct
-   * end tag.
+   * Verifies that the last call to readTag() returned the given tag value. This is used to verify
+   * that a nested group ended with the correct end tag.
    *
-   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {@code value} does not match the
-   *                                        last tag.
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {@code value} does not match the last tag.
    */
-  public void checkLastTagWas(final int value)
-                              throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
-    if (lastTag != value) {
-      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidEndTag();
-    }
-  }
+  public abstract void checkLastTagWas(final int value) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
 
-  public int getLastTag() {
-    return lastTag;
-  }
+  public abstract int getLastTag();
 
   /**
    * Reads and discards a single field, given its tag value.
    *
-   * @return {@code false} if the tag is an endgroup tag, in which case
-   *         nothing is skipped.  Otherwise, returns {@code true}.
+   * @return {@code false} if the tag is an endgroup tag, in which case nothing is skipped.
+   *     Otherwise, returns {@code true}.
    */
-  public boolean skipField(final int tag) throws IOException {
-    switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
-      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
-        skipRawVarint();
-        return true;
-      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
-        skipRawBytes(8);
-        return true;
-      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
-        skipRawBytes(readRawVarint32());
-        return true;
-      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
-        skipMessage();
-        checkLastTagWas(
-          WireFormat.makeTag(WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag),
-                             WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
-        return true;
-      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
-        return false;
-      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
-        skipRawBytes(4);
-        return true;
-      default:
-        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
-    }
-  }
+  public abstract boolean skipField(final int tag) throws IOException;
 
   /**
-   * Reads a single field and writes it to output in wire format,
-   * given its tag value.
+   * Reads a single field and writes it to output in wire format, given its tag value.
    *
-   * @return {@code false} if the tag is an endgroup tag, in which case
-   *         nothing is skipped.  Otherwise, returns {@code true}.
+   * @return {@code false} if the tag is an endgroup tag, in which case nothing is skipped.
+   *     Otherwise, returns {@code true}.
+   * @deprecated use {@code UnknownFieldSet} or {@code UnknownFieldSetLite} to skip to an output
+   *     stream.
    */
-  public boolean skipField(final int tag, final CodedOutputStream output)
-      throws IOException {
-    switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
-      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT: {
-        long value = readInt64();
-        output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
-        output.writeUInt64NoTag(value);
-        return true;
-      }
-      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64: {
-        long value = readRawLittleEndian64();
-        output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
-        output.writeFixed64NoTag(value);
-        return true;
-      }
-      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {
-        ByteString value = readBytes();
-        output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
-        output.writeBytesNoTag(value);
-        return true;
-      }
-      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP: {
-        output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
-        skipMessage(output);
-        int endtag = WireFormat.makeTag(WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag),
-                                        WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
-        checkLastTagWas(endtag);
-        output.writeRawVarint32(endtag);
-        return true;
-      }
-      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP: {
-        return false;
-      }
-      case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32: {
-        int value = readRawLittleEndian32();
-        output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
-        output.writeFixed32NoTag(value);
-        return true;
-      }
-      default:
-        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Reads and discards an entire message.  This will read either until EOF
-   * or until an endgroup tag, whichever comes first.
-   */
-  public void skipMessage() throws IOException {
-    while (true) {
-      final int tag = readTag();
-      if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag)) {
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  @Deprecated
+  public abstract boolean skipField(final int tag, final CodedOutputStream output)
+      throws IOException;
 
   /**
-   * Reads an entire message and writes it to output in wire format.
-   * This will read either until EOF or until an endgroup tag,
+   * Reads and discards an entire message. This will read either until EOF or until an endgroup tag,
    * whichever comes first.
    */
-  public void skipMessage(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
-    while (true) {
-      final int tag = readTag();
-      if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag, output)) {
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  public abstract void skipMessage() throws IOException;
 
   /**
-   * Collects the bytes skipped and returns the data in a ByteBuffer.
+   * Reads an entire message and writes it to output in wire format. This will read either until EOF
+   * or until an endgroup tag, whichever comes first.
    */
-  private class SkippedDataSink implements RefillCallback {
-    private int lastPos = bufferPos;
-    private ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayStream;
-
-    @Override
-    public void onRefill() {
-      if (byteArrayStream == null) {
-        byteArrayStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-      }
-      byteArrayStream.write(buffer, lastPos, bufferPos - lastPos);
-      lastPos = 0;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets skipped data in a ByteBuffer. This method should only be
-     * called once.
-     */
-    ByteBuffer getSkippedData() {
-      if (byteArrayStream == null) {
-        return ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, lastPos, bufferPos - lastPos);
-      } else {
-        byteArrayStream.write(buffer, lastPos, bufferPos);
-        return ByteBuffer.wrap(byteArrayStream.toByteArray());
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  public abstract void skipMessage(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException;
 
 
   // -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
   /** Read a {@code double} field value from the stream. */
-  public double readDouble() throws IOException {
-    return Double.longBitsToDouble(readRawLittleEndian64());
-  }
+  public abstract double readDouble() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read a {@code float} field value from the stream. */
-  public float readFloat() throws IOException {
-    return Float.intBitsToFloat(readRawLittleEndian32());
-  }
+  public abstract float readFloat() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read a {@code uint64} field value from the stream. */
-  public long readUInt64() throws IOException {
-    return readRawVarint64();
-  }
+  public abstract long readUInt64() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read an {@code int64} field value from the stream. */
-  public long readInt64() throws IOException {
-    return readRawVarint64();
-  }
+  public abstract long readInt64() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read an {@code int32} field value from the stream. */
-  public int readInt32() throws IOException {
-    return readRawVarint32();
-  }
+  public abstract int readInt32() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read a {@code fixed64} field value from the stream. */
-  public long readFixed64() throws IOException {
-    return readRawLittleEndian64();
-  }
+  public abstract long readFixed64() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read a {@code fixed32} field value from the stream. */
-  public int readFixed32() throws IOException {
-    return readRawLittleEndian32();
-  }
+  public abstract int readFixed32() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read a {@code bool} field value from the stream. */
-  public boolean readBool() throws IOException {
-    return readRawVarint64() != 0;
-  }
+  public abstract boolean readBool() throws IOException;
 
   /**
-   * Read a {@code string} field value from the stream.
-   * If the stream contains malformed UTF-8,
+   * Read a {@code string} field value from the stream. If the stream contains malformed UTF-8,
    * replace the offending bytes with the standard UTF-8 replacement character.
    */
-  public String readString() throws IOException {
-    final int size = readRawVarint32();
-    if (size <= (bufferSize - bufferPos) && size > 0) {
-      // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
-      //   just copy directly from it.
-      final String result = new String(buffer, bufferPos, size, Internal.UTF_8);
-      bufferPos += size;
-      return result;
-    } else if (size == 0) {
-      return "";
-    } else if (size <= bufferSize) {
-      refillBuffer(size);
-      String result = new String(buffer, bufferPos, size, Internal.UTF_8);
-      bufferPos += size;
-      return result;
-    } else {
-      // Slow path:  Build a byte array first then copy it.
-      return new String(readRawBytesSlowPath(size), Internal.UTF_8);
-    }
-  }
+  public abstract String readString() throws IOException;
 
   /**
-   * Read a {@code string} field value from the stream.
-   * If the stream contains malformed UTF-8,
+   * Read a {@code string} field value from the stream. If the stream contains malformed UTF-8,
    * throw exception {@link InvalidProtocolBufferException}.
    */
-  public String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException {
-    final int size = readRawVarint32();
-    final byte[] bytes;
-    final int oldPos = bufferPos;
-    final int pos;
-    if (size <= (bufferSize - oldPos) && size > 0) {
-      // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
-      //   just copy directly from it.
-      bytes = buffer;
-      bufferPos = oldPos + size;
-      pos = oldPos;
-    } else if (size == 0) {
-      return "";
-    } else if (size <= bufferSize) {
-      refillBuffer(size);
-      bytes = buffer;
-      pos = 0;
-      bufferPos = pos + size;
-    } else {
-      // Slow path:  Build a byte array first then copy it.
-      bytes = readRawBytesSlowPath(size);
-      pos = 0;
-    }
-    // TODO(martinrb): We could save a pass by validating while decoding.
-    if (!Utf8.isValidUtf8(bytes, pos, pos + size)) {
-      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
-    }
-    return new String(bytes, pos, size, Internal.UTF_8);
-  }
+  public abstract String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read a {@code group} field value from the stream. */
-  public void readGroup(final int fieldNumber,
-                        final MessageLite.Builder builder,
-                        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
-      throws IOException {
-    if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
-      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
-    }
-    ++recursionDepth;
-    builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
-    checkLastTagWas(
-      WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
-    --recursionDepth;
-  }
+  public abstract void readGroup(
+      final int fieldNumber,
+      final MessageLite.Builder builder,
+      final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
 
 
   /** Read a {@code group} field value from the stream. */
-  public <T extends MessageLite> T readGroup(
-      final int fieldNumber,
-      final Parser<T> parser,
-      final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
-      throws IOException {
-    if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
-      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
-    }
-    ++recursionDepth;
-    T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
-    checkLastTagWas(
-      WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
-    --recursionDepth;
-    return result;
-  }
+  public abstract <T extends MessageLite> T readGroup(
+      final int fieldNumber, final Parser<T> parser, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
 
   /**
-   * Reads a {@code group} field value from the stream and merges it into the
-   * given {@link UnknownFieldSet}.
+   * Reads a {@code group} field value from the stream and merges it into the given {@link
+   * UnknownFieldSet}.
    *
-   * @deprecated UnknownFieldSet.Builder now implements MessageLite.Builder, so
-   *             you can just call {@link #readGroup}.
+   * @deprecated UnknownFieldSet.Builder now implements MessageLite.Builder, so you can just call
+   *     {@link #readGroup}.
    */
   @Deprecated
-  public void readUnknownGroup(final int fieldNumber,
-                               final MessageLite.Builder builder)
-      throws IOException {
-    // We know that UnknownFieldSet will ignore any ExtensionRegistry so it
-    // is safe to pass null here.  (We can't call
-    // ExtensionRegistry.getEmptyRegistry() because that would make this
-    // class depend on ExtensionRegistry, which is not part of the lite
-    // library.)
-    readGroup(fieldNumber, builder, null);
-  }
+  public abstract void readUnknownGroup(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite.Builder builder)
+      throws IOException;
 
   /** Read an embedded message field value from the stream. */
-  public void readMessage(final MessageLite.Builder builder,
-                          final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
-      throws IOException {
-    final int length = readRawVarint32();
-    if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
-      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
-    }
-    final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
-    ++recursionDepth;
-    builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
-    checkLastTagWas(0);
-    --recursionDepth;
-    popLimit(oldLimit);
-  }
+  public abstract void readMessage(
+      final MessageLite.Builder builder, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws IOException;
 
 
   /** Read an embedded message field value from the stream. */
-  public <T extends MessageLite> T readMessage(
-      final Parser<T> parser,
-      final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
-      throws IOException {
-    int length = readRawVarint32();
-    if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
-      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
-    }
-    final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
-    ++recursionDepth;
-    T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
-    checkLastTagWas(0);
-    --recursionDepth;
-    popLimit(oldLimit);
-    return result;
-  }
+  public abstract <T extends MessageLite> T readMessage(
+      final Parser<T> parser, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException;
 
   /** Read a {@code bytes} field value from the stream. */
-  public ByteString readBytes() throws IOException {
-    final int size = readRawVarint32();
-    if (size <= (bufferSize - bufferPos) && size > 0) {
-      // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
-      //   just copy directly from it.
-      final ByteString result = bufferIsImmutable && enableAliasing
-          ? ByteString.wrap(buffer, bufferPos, size)
-          : ByteString.copyFrom(buffer, bufferPos, size);
-      bufferPos += size;
-      return result;
-    } else if (size == 0) {
-      return ByteString.EMPTY;
-    } else {
-      // Slow path:  Build a byte array first then copy it.
-      return ByteString.wrap(readRawBytesSlowPath(size));
-    }
-  }
+  public abstract ByteString readBytes() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read a {@code bytes} field value from the stream. */
-  public byte[] readByteArray() throws IOException {
-    final int size = readRawVarint32();
-    if (size <= (bufferSize - bufferPos) && size > 0) {
-      // Fast path: We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
-      // just copy directly from it.
-      final byte[] result =
-          Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, bufferPos, bufferPos + size);
-      bufferPos += size;
-      return result;
-    } else {
-      // Slow path: Build a byte array first then copy it.
-      return readRawBytesSlowPath(size);
-    }
-  }
+  public abstract byte[] readByteArray() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read a {@code bytes} field value from the stream. */
-  public ByteBuffer readByteBuffer() throws IOException {
-    final int size = readRawVarint32();
-    if (size <= (bufferSize - bufferPos) && size > 0) {
-      // Fast path: We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer.
-      // When aliasing is enabled, we can return a ByteBuffer pointing directly
-      // into the underlying byte array without copy if the CodedInputStream is
-      // constructed from a byte array. If aliasing is disabled or the input is
-      // from an InputStream or ByteString, we have to make a copy of the bytes.
-      ByteBuffer result = input == null && !bufferIsImmutable && enableAliasing
-          ? ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, bufferPos, size).slice()
-          : ByteBuffer.wrap(Arrays.copyOfRange(
-              buffer, bufferPos, bufferPos + size));
-      bufferPos += size;
-      return result;
-    } else if (size == 0) {
-      return Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
-    } else {
-      // Slow path: Build a byte array first then copy it.
-      return ByteBuffer.wrap(readRawBytesSlowPath(size));
-    }
-  }
+  public abstract ByteBuffer readByteBuffer() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read a {@code uint32} field value from the stream. */
-  public int readUInt32() throws IOException {
-    return readRawVarint32();
-  }
+  public abstract int readUInt32() throws IOException;
 
   /**
-   * Read an enum field value from the stream.  Caller is responsible
-   * for converting the numeric value to an actual enum.
+   * Read an enum field value from the stream. Caller is responsible for converting the numeric
+   * value to an actual enum.
    */
-  public int readEnum() throws IOException {
-    return readRawVarint32();
-  }
+  public abstract int readEnum() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read an {@code sfixed32} field value from the stream. */
-  public int readSFixed32() throws IOException {
-    return readRawLittleEndian32();
-  }
+  public abstract int readSFixed32() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read an {@code sfixed64} field value from the stream. */
-  public long readSFixed64() throws IOException {
-    return readRawLittleEndian64();
-  }
+  public abstract long readSFixed64() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read an {@code sint32} field value from the stream. */
-  public int readSInt32() throws IOException {
-    return decodeZigZag32(readRawVarint32());
-  }
+  public abstract int readSInt32() throws IOException;
 
   /** Read an {@code sint64} field value from the stream. */
-  public long readSInt64() throws IOException {
-    return decodeZigZag64(readRawVarint64());
-  }
+  public abstract long readSInt64() throws IOException;
 
   // =================================================================
 
+  /** Read a raw Varint from the stream. If larger than 32 bits, discard the upper bits. */
+  public abstract int readRawVarint32() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a raw Varint from the stream. */
+  public abstract long readRawVarint64() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Variant of readRawVarint64 for when uncomfortably close to the limit. */
+  /* Visible for testing */
+  abstract long readRawVarint64SlowPath() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a 32-bit little-endian integer from the stream. */
+  public abstract int readRawLittleEndian32() throws IOException;
+
+  /** Read a 64-bit little-endian integer from the stream. */
+  public abstract long readRawLittleEndian64() throws IOException;
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
   /**
-   * Read a raw Varint from the stream.  If larger than 32 bits, discard the
-   * upper bits.
+   * Enables {@link ByteString} aliasing of the underlying buffer, trading off on buffer pinning for
+   * data copies. Only valid for buffer-backed streams.
    */
-  public int readRawVarint32() throws IOException {
-    // See implementation notes for readRawVarint64
- fastpath: {
-      int pos = bufferPos;
-
-      if (bufferSize == pos) {
-        break fastpath;
-      }
+  public abstract void enableAliasing(boolean enabled);
 
-      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
-      int x;
-      if ((x = buffer[pos++]) >= 0) {
-        bufferPos = pos;
-        return x;
-      } else if (bufferSize - pos < 9) {
-        break fastpath;
-      } else if ((x ^= (buffer[pos++] << 7)) < 0) {
-        x ^= (~0 << 7);
-      } else if ((x ^= (buffer[pos++] << 14)) >= 0) {
-        x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14);
-      } else if ((x ^= (buffer[pos++] << 21)) < 0) {
-        x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21);
-      } else {
-        int y = buffer[pos++];
-        x ^= y << 28;
-        x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21) ^ (~0 << 28);
-        if (y < 0 &&
-            buffer[pos++] < 0 &&
-            buffer[pos++] < 0 &&
-            buffer[pos++] < 0 &&
-            buffer[pos++] < 0 &&
-            buffer[pos++] < 0) {
-          break fastpath;  // Will throw malformedVarint()
-        }
-      }
-      bufferPos = pos;
-      return x;
+  /**
+   * Set the maximum message recursion depth. In order to prevent malicious messages from causing
+   * stack overflows, {@code CodedInputStream} limits how deeply messages may be nested. The default
+   * limit is 64.
+   *
+   * @return the old limit.
+   */
+  public final int setRecursionLimit(final int limit) {
+    if (limit < 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Recursion limit cannot be negative: " + limit);
     }
-    return (int) readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    final int oldLimit = recursionLimit;
+    recursionLimit = limit;
+    return oldLimit;
   }
 
-  private void skipRawVarint() throws IOException {
-    if (bufferSize - bufferPos >= 10) {
-      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
-      int pos = bufferPos;
-      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-        if (buffer[pos++] >= 0) {
-          bufferPos = pos;
-          return;
-        }
-      }
+  /**
+   * Only valid for {@link InputStream}-backed streams.
+   *
+   * <p>Set the maximum message size. In order to prevent malicious messages from exhausting memory
+   * or causing integer overflows, {@code CodedInputStream} limits how large a message may be. The
+   * default limit is 64MB. You should set this limit as small as you can without harming your app's
+   * functionality. Note that size limits only apply when reading from an {@code InputStream}, not
+   * when constructed around a raw byte array (nor with {@link ByteString#newCodedInput}).
+   *
+   * <p>If you want to read several messages from a single CodedInputStream, you could call {@link
+   * #resetSizeCounter()} after each one to avoid hitting the size limit.
+   *
+   * @return the old limit.
+   */
+  public final int setSizeLimit(final int limit) {
+    if (limit < 0) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Size limit cannot be negative: " + limit);
     }
-    skipRawVarintSlowPath();
+    final int oldLimit = sizeLimit;
+    sizeLimit = limit;
+    return oldLimit;
   }
 
-  private void skipRawVarintSlowPath() throws IOException {
-    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-      if (readRawByte() >= 0) {
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+  /**
+   * Resets the current size counter to zero (see {@link #setSizeLimit(int)}). Only valid for {@link
+   * InputStream}-backed streams.
+   */
+  public abstract void resetSizeCounter();
+
+  /**
+   * Sets {@code currentLimit} to (current position) + {@code byteLimit}. This is called when
+   * descending into a length-delimited embedded message.
+   *
+   * <p>Note that {@code pushLimit()} does NOT affect how many bytes the {@code CodedInputStream}
+   * reads from an underlying {@code InputStream} when refreshing its buffer. If you need to prevent
+   * reading past a certain point in the underlying {@code InputStream} (e.g. because you expect it
+   * to contain more data after the end of the message which you need to handle differently) then
+   * you must place a wrapper around your {@code InputStream} which limits the amount of data that
+   * can be read from it.
+   *
+   * @return the old limit.
+   */
+  public abstract int pushLimit(int byteLimit) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+
+  /**
+   * Discards the current limit, returning to the previous limit.
+   *
+   * @param oldLimit The old limit, as returned by {@code pushLimit}.
+   */
+  public abstract void popLimit(final int oldLimit);
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of bytes to be read before the current limit. If no limit is set, returns
+   * -1.
+   */
+  public abstract int getBytesUntilLimit();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the stream has reached the end of the input. This is the case if either the end
+   * of the underlying input source has been reached or if the stream has reached a limit created
+   * using {@link #pushLimit(int)}.
+   */
+  public abstract boolean isAtEnd() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * The total bytes read up to the current position. Calling {@link #resetSizeCounter()} resets
+   * this value to zero.
+   */
+  public abstract int getTotalBytesRead();
+
+  /**
+   * Read one byte from the input.
+   *
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException The end of the stream or the current limit was reached.
+   */
+  public abstract byte readRawByte() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Read a fixed size of bytes from the input.
+   *
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException The end of the stream or the current limit was reached.
+   */
+  public abstract byte[] readRawBytes(final int size) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Reads and discards {@code size} bytes.
+   *
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException The end of the stream or the current limit was reached.
+   */
+  public abstract void skipRawBytes(final int size) throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Decode a ZigZag-encoded 32-bit value. ZigZag encodes signed integers into values that can be
+   * efficiently encoded with varint. (Otherwise, negative values must be sign-extended to 64 bits
+   * to be varint encoded, thus always taking 10 bytes on the wire.)
+   *
+   * @param n An unsigned 32-bit integer, stored in a signed int because Java has no explicit
+   *     unsigned support.
+   * @return A signed 32-bit integer.
+   */
+  public static int decodeZigZag32(final int n) {
+    return (n >>> 1) ^ -(n & 1);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Reads a varint from the input one byte at a time, so that it does not
-   * read any bytes after the end of the varint.  If you simply wrapped the
-   * stream in a CodedInputStream and used {@link #readRawVarint32(InputStream)}
-   * then you would probably end up reading past the end of the varint since
-   * CodedInputStream buffers its input.
+   * Decode a ZigZag-encoded 64-bit value. ZigZag encodes signed integers into values that can be
+   * efficiently encoded with varint. (Otherwise, negative values must be sign-extended to 64 bits
+   * to be varint encoded, thus always taking 10 bytes on the wire.)
+   *
+   * @param n An unsigned 64-bit integer, stored in a signed int because Java has no explicit
+   *     unsigned support.
+   * @return A signed 64-bit integer.
    */
-  static int readRawVarint32(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
-    final int firstByte = input.read();
-    if (firstByte == -1) {
-      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
-    }
-    return readRawVarint32(firstByte, input);
+  public static long decodeZigZag64(final long n) {
+    return (n >>> 1) ^ -(n & 1);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Like {@link #readRawVarint32(InputStream)}, but expects that the caller
-   * has already read one byte.  This allows the caller to determine if EOF
-   * has been reached before attempting to read.
+   * Like {@link #readRawVarint32(InputStream)}, but expects that the caller has already read one
+   * byte. This allows the caller to determine if EOF has been reached before attempting to read.
    */
-  public static int readRawVarint32(
-      final int firstByte, final InputStream input) throws IOException {
+  public static int readRawVarint32(final int firstByte, final InputStream input)
+      throws IOException {
     if ((firstByte & 0x80) == 0) {
       return firstByte;
     }
@@ -713,590 +500,2396 @@ public final class CodedInputStream {
     throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
   }
 
-  /** Read a raw Varint from the stream. */
-  public long readRawVarint64() throws IOException {
-    // Implementation notes:
-    //
-    // Optimized for one-byte values, expected to be common.
-    // The particular code below was selected from various candidates
-    // empirically, by winning VarintBenchmark.
-    //
-    // Sign extension of (signed) Java bytes is usually a nuisance, but
-    // we exploit it here to more easily obtain the sign of bytes read.
-    // Instead of cleaning up the sign extension bits by masking eagerly,
-    // we delay until we find the final (positive) byte, when we clear all
-    // accumulated bits with one xor.  We depend on javac to constant fold.
- fastpath: {
-      int pos = bufferPos;
-
-      if (bufferSize == pos) {
-        break fastpath;
+  /**
+   * Reads a varint from the input one byte at a time, so that it does not read any bytes after the
+   * end of the varint. If you simply wrapped the stream in a CodedInputStream and used {@link
+   * #readRawVarint32(InputStream)} then you would probably end up reading past the end of the
+   * varint since CodedInputStream buffers its input.
+   */
+  static int readRawVarint32(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
+    final int firstByte = input.read();
+    if (firstByte == -1) {
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+    return readRawVarint32(firstByte, input);
+  }
+
+  /** A {@link CodedInputStream} implementation that uses a backing array as the input. */
+  private static final class ArrayDecoder extends CodedInputStream {
+    private final byte[] buffer;
+    private final boolean immutable;
+    private int limit;
+    private int bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+    private int pos;
+    private int startPos;
+    private int lastTag;
+    private boolean enableAliasing;
+
+    /** The absolute position of the end of the current message. */
+    private int currentLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+
+    private ArrayDecoder(final byte[] buffer, final int offset, final int len, boolean immutable) {
+      this.buffer = buffer;
+      limit = offset + len;
+      pos = offset;
+      startPos = pos;
+      this.immutable = immutable;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readTag() throws IOException {
+      if (isAtEnd()) {
+        lastTag = 0;
+        return 0;
       }
 
-      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
-      long x;
-      int y;
-      if ((y = buffer[pos++]) >= 0) {
-        bufferPos = pos;
-        return y;
-      } else if (bufferSize - pos < 9) {
-        break fastpath;
-      } else if ((y ^= (buffer[pos++] << 7)) < 0) {
-        x = y ^ (~0 << 7);
-      } else if ((y ^= (buffer[pos++] << 14)) >= 0) {
-        x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14));
-      } else if ((y ^= (buffer[pos++] << 21)) < 0) {
-        x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21));
-      } else if ((x = ((long) y) ^ ((long) buffer[pos++] << 28)) >= 0L) {
-        x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28);
-      } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[pos++] << 35)) < 0L) {
-        x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35);
-      } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[pos++] << 42)) >= 0L) {
-        x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35) ^ (~0L << 42);
-      } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[pos++] << 49)) < 0L) {
-        x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35) ^ (~0L << 42)
-            ^ (~0L << 49);
-      } else {
-        x ^= ((long) buffer[pos++] << 56);
-        x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35) ^ (~0L << 42)
-            ^ (~0L << 49) ^ (~0L << 56);
-        if (x < 0L) {
-          if (buffer[pos++] < 0L) {
-            break fastpath;  // Will throw malformedVarint()
+      lastTag = readRawVarint32();
+      if (WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(lastTag) == 0) {
+        // If we actually read zero (or any tag number corresponding to field
+        // number zero), that's not a valid tag.
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag();
+      }
+      return lastTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void checkLastTagWas(final int value) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (lastTag != value) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidEndTag();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getLastTag() {
+      return lastTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          skipRawVarint();
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED_64_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          skipRawBytes(readRawVarint32());
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          skipMessage();
+          checkLastTagWas(
+              WireFormat.makeTag(WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          return false;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED_32_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag, final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          {
+            long value = readInt64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          {
+            long value = readRawLittleEndian64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          {
+            ByteString value = readBytes();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeBytesNoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          {
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            skipMessage(output);
+            int endtag =
+                WireFormat.makeTag(
+                    WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+            checkLastTagWas(endtag);
+            output.writeRawVarint32(endtag);
+            return true;
           }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          {
+            return false;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          {
+            int value = readRawLittleEndian32();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage() throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag)) {
+          return;
         }
       }
-      bufferPos = pos;
-      return x;
     }
-    return readRawVarint64SlowPath();
-  }
 
-  /** Variant of readRawVarint64 for when uncomfortably close to the limit. */
-  /* Visible for testing */
-  long readRawVarint64SlowPath() throws IOException {
-    long result = 0;
-    for (int shift = 0; shift < 64; shift += 7) {
-      final byte b = readRawByte();
-      result |= (long) (b & 0x7F) << shift;
-      if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
-        return result;
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag, output)) {
+          return;
+        }
       }
     }
-    throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
-  }
 
-  /** Read a 32-bit little-endian integer from the stream. */
-  public int readRawLittleEndian32() throws IOException {
-    int pos = bufferPos;
 
-    // hand-inlined ensureAvailable(4);
-    if (bufferSize - pos < 4) {
-      refillBuffer(4);
-      pos = bufferPos;
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Override
+    public double readDouble() throws IOException {
+      return Double.longBitsToDouble(readRawLittleEndian64());
     }
 
-    final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
-    bufferPos = pos + 4;
-    return (((buffer[pos]     & 0xff))       |
-            ((buffer[pos + 1] & 0xff) <<  8) |
-            ((buffer[pos + 2] & 0xff) << 16) |
-            ((buffer[pos + 3] & 0xff) << 24));
-  }
+    @Override
+    public float readFloat() throws IOException {
+      return Float.intBitsToFloat(readRawLittleEndian32());
+    }
 
-  /** Read a 64-bit little-endian integer from the stream. */
-  public long readRawLittleEndian64() throws IOException {
-    int pos = bufferPos;
-
-    // hand-inlined ensureAvailable(8);
-    if (bufferSize - pos < 8) {
-      refillBuffer(8);
-      pos = bufferPos;
-    }
-
-    final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
-    bufferPos = pos + 8;
-    return ((((long) buffer[pos]     & 0xffL))       |
-            (((long) buffer[pos + 1] & 0xffL) <<  8) |
-            (((long) buffer[pos + 2] & 0xffL) << 16) |
-            (((long) buffer[pos + 3] & 0xffL) << 24) |
-            (((long) buffer[pos + 4] & 0xffL) << 32) |
-            (((long) buffer[pos + 5] & 0xffL) << 40) |
-            (((long) buffer[pos + 6] & 0xffL) << 48) |
-            (((long) buffer[pos + 7] & 0xffL) << 56));
-  }
+    @Override
+    public long readUInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * Decode a ZigZag-encoded 32-bit value.  ZigZag encodes signed integers
-   * into values that can be efficiently encoded with varint.  (Otherwise,
-   * negative values must be sign-extended to 64 bits to be varint encoded,
-   * thus always taking 10 bytes on the wire.)
-   *
-   * @param n An unsigned 32-bit integer, stored in a signed int because
-   *          Java has no explicit unsigned support.
-   * @return A signed 32-bit integer.
-   */
-  public static int decodeZigZag32(final int n) {
-    return (n >>> 1) ^ -(n & 1);
-  }
+    @Override
+    public long readInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * Decode a ZigZag-encoded 64-bit value.  ZigZag encodes signed integers
-   * into values that can be efficiently encoded with varint.  (Otherwise,
-   * negative values must be sign-extended to 64 bits to be varint encoded,
-   * thus always taking 10 bytes on the wire.)
-   *
-   * @param n An unsigned 64-bit integer, stored in a signed int because
-   *          Java has no explicit unsigned support.
-   * @return A signed 64-bit integer.
-   */
-  public static long decodeZigZag64(final long n) {
-    return (n >>> 1) ^ -(n & 1);
-  }
+    @Override
+    public int readInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
 
-  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    @Override
+    public long readFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
 
-  private final byte[] buffer;
-  private final boolean bufferIsImmutable;
-  private int bufferSize;
-  private int bufferSizeAfterLimit;
-  private int bufferPos;
-  private final InputStream input;
-  private int lastTag;
-  private boolean enableAliasing = false;
+    @Override
+    public int readFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * The total number of bytes read before the current buffer.  The total
-   * bytes read up to the current position can be computed as
-   * {@code totalBytesRetired + bufferPos}.  This value may be negative if
-   * reading started in the middle of the current buffer (e.g. if the
-   * constructor that takes a byte array and an offset was used).
-   */
-  private int totalBytesRetired;
+    @Override
+    public boolean readBool() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64() != 0;
+    }
 
-  /** The absolute position of the end of the current message. */
-  private int currentLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    @Override
+    public String readString() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= (limit - pos)) {
+        // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+        //   just copy directly from it.
+        final String result = new String(buffer, pos, size, UTF_8);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
 
-  /** See setRecursionLimit() */
-  private int recursionDepth;
-  private int recursionLimit = DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT;
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
 
-  /** See setSizeLimit() */
-  private int sizeLimit = DEFAULT_SIZE_LIMIT;
+    @Override
+    public String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= (limit - pos)) {
+        // TODO(martinrb): We could save a pass by validating while decoding.
+        if (!Utf8.isValidUtf8(buffer, pos, pos + size)) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+        }
+        final int tempPos = pos;
+        pos += size;
+        return new String(buffer, tempPos, size, UTF_8);
+      }
 
-  private static final int DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT = 100;
-  private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE_LIMIT = 64 << 20;  // 64MB
-  private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
-
-  private CodedInputStream(
-      final byte[] buffer, final int off, final int len, boolean bufferIsImmutable) {
-    this.buffer = buffer;
-    bufferSize = off + len;
-    bufferPos = off;
-    totalBytesRetired = -off;
-    input = null;
-    this.bufferIsImmutable = bufferIsImmutable;
-  }
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      if (size <= 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
 
-  private CodedInputStream(final InputStream input, int bufferSize) {
-    buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
-    bufferSize = 0;
-    bufferPos = 0;
-    totalBytesRetired = 0;
-    this.input = input;
-    bufferIsImmutable = false;
-  }
+    @Override
+    public void readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+    }
 
-  public void enableAliasing(boolean enabled) {
-    this.enableAliasing = enabled;
-  }
 
-  /**
-   * Set the maximum message recursion depth.  In order to prevent malicious
-   * messages from causing stack overflows, {@code CodedInputStream} limits
-   * how deeply messages may be nested.  The default limit is 64.
-   *
-   * @return the old limit.
-   */
-  public int setRecursionLimit(final int limit) {
-    if (limit < 0) {
-      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-        "Recursion limit cannot be negative: " + limit);
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final Parser<T> parser,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+      return result;
     }
-    final int oldLimit = recursionLimit;
-    recursionLimit = limit;
-    return oldLimit;
-  }
 
-  /**
-   * Set the maximum message size.  In order to prevent malicious
-   * messages from exhausting memory or causing integer overflows,
-   * {@code CodedInputStream} limits how large a message may be.
-   * The default limit is 64MB.  You should set this limit as small
-   * as you can without harming your app's functionality.  Note that
-   * size limits only apply when reading from an {@code InputStream}, not
-   * when constructed around a raw byte array (nor with
-   * {@link ByteString#newCodedInput}).
-   * <p>
-   * If you want to read several messages from a single CodedInputStream, you
-   * could call {@link #resetSizeCounter()} after each one to avoid hitting the
-   * size limit.
-   *
-   * @return the old limit.
-   */
-  public int setSizeLimit(final int limit) {
-    if (limit < 0) {
-      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-        "Size limit cannot be negative: " + limit);
+    @Deprecated
+    @Override
+    public void readUnknownGroup(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite.Builder builder)
+        throws IOException {
+      readGroup(fieldNumber, builder, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
     }
-    final int oldLimit = sizeLimit;
-    sizeLimit = limit;
-    return oldLimit;
-  }
 
-  /**
-   * Resets the current size counter to zero (see {@link #setSizeLimit(int)}).
-   */
-  public void resetSizeCounter() {
-    totalBytesRetired = -bufferPos;
-  }
+    @Override
+    public void readMessage(
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      final int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * Sets {@code currentLimit} to (current position) + {@code byteLimit}.  This
-   * is called when descending into a length-delimited embedded message.
-   *
-   * <p>Note that {@code pushLimit()} does NOT affect how many bytes the
-   * {@code CodedInputStream} reads from an underlying {@code InputStream} when
-   * refreshing its buffer.  If you need to prevent reading past a certain
-   * point in the underlying {@code InputStream} (e.g. because you expect it to
-   * contain more data after the end of the message which you need to handle
-   * differently) then you must place a wrapper around your {@code InputStream}
-   * which limits the amount of data that can be read from it.
-   *
-   * @return the old limit.
-   */
-  public int pushLimit(int byteLimit) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
-    if (byteLimit < 0) {
-      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readMessage(
+        final Parser<T> parser, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteString readBytes() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= (limit - pos)) {
+        // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+        //   just copy directly from it.
+        final ByteString result =
+            immutable && enableAliasing
+                ? ByteString.wrap(buffer, pos, size)
+                : ByteString.copyFrom(buffer, pos, size);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return ByteString.EMPTY;
+      }
+      // Slow path:  Build a byte array first then copy it.
+      return ByteString.wrap(readRawBytes(size));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readByteArray() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      return readRawBytes(size);
     }
-    byteLimit += totalBytesRetired + bufferPos;
-    final int oldLimit = currentLimit;
-    if (byteLimit > oldLimit) {
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteBuffer readByteBuffer() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= (limit - pos)) {
+        // Fast path: We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer.
+        // When aliasing is enabled, we can return a ByteBuffer pointing directly
+        // into the underlying byte array without copy if the CodedInputStream is
+        // constructed from a byte array. If aliasing is disabled or the input is
+        // from an InputStream or ByteString, we have to make a copy of the bytes.
+        ByteBuffer result =
+            !immutable && enableAliasing
+                ? ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, pos, size).slice()
+                : ByteBuffer.wrap(Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, pos, pos + size));
+        pos += size;
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Investigate making the ByteBuffer be made read-only
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
       throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
     }
-    currentLimit = byteLimit;
 
-    recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+    @Override
+    public int readUInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
 
-    return oldLimit;
-  }
+    @Override
+    public int readEnum() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
 
-  private void recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit() {
-    bufferSize += bufferSizeAfterLimit;
-    final int bufferEnd = totalBytesRetired + bufferSize;
-    if (bufferEnd > currentLimit) {
-      // Limit is in current buffer.
-      bufferSizeAfterLimit = bufferEnd - currentLimit;
-      bufferSize -= bufferSizeAfterLimit;
-    } else {
-      bufferSizeAfterLimit = 0;
+    @Override
+    public int readSFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
     }
-  }
 
-  /**
-   * Discards the current limit, returning to the previous limit.
-   *
-   * @param oldLimit The old limit, as returned by {@code pushLimit}.
-   */
-  public void popLimit(final int oldLimit) {
-    currentLimit = oldLimit;
-    recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
-  }
+    @Override
+    public long readSFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * Returns the number of bytes to be read before the current limit.
-   * If no limit is set, returns -1.
-   */
-  public int getBytesUntilLimit() {
-    if (currentLimit == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
-      return -1;
+    @Override
+    public int readSInt32() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag32(readRawVarint32());
     }
 
-    final int currentAbsolutePosition = totalBytesRetired + bufferPos;
-    return currentLimit - currentAbsolutePosition;
-  }
+    @Override
+    public long readSInt64() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag64(readRawVarint64());
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * Returns true if the stream has reached the end of the input.  This is the
-   * case if either the end of the underlying input source has been reached or
-   * if the stream has reached a limit created using {@link #pushLimit(int)}.
-   */
-  public boolean isAtEnd() throws IOException {
-    return bufferPos == bufferSize && !tryRefillBuffer(1);
-  }
+    // =================================================================
 
-  /**
-   * The total bytes read up to the current position. Calling
-   * {@link #resetSizeCounter()} resets this value to zero.
-   */
-  public int getTotalBytesRead() {
-      return totalBytesRetired + bufferPos;
-  }
+    @Override
+    public int readRawVarint32() throws IOException {
+      // See implementation notes for readRawVarint64
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        int tempPos = pos;
+
+        if (limit == tempPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
 
-  private interface RefillCallback {
-    void onRefill();
-  }
+        final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+        int x;
+        if ((x = buffer[tempPos++]) >= 0) {
+          pos = tempPos;
+          return x;
+        } else if (limit - tempPos < 9) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((x ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 7)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((x ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14);
+        } else if ((x ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 21)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21);
+        } else {
+          int y = buffer[tempPos++];
+          x ^= y << 28;
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21) ^ (~0 << 28);
+          if (y < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0) {
+            break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+          }
+        }
+        pos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return (int) readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
 
-  private RefillCallback refillCallback = null;
+    private void skipRawVarint() throws IOException {
+      if (limit - pos >= MAX_VARINT_SIZE) {
+        skipRawVarintFastPath();
+      } else {
+        skipRawVarintSlowPath();
+      }
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * Reads more bytes from the input, making at least {@code n} bytes available
-   * in the buffer.  Caller must ensure that the requested space is not yet
-   * available, and that the requested space is less than BUFFER_SIZE.
-   *
-   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException The end of the stream or the current
-   *                                        limit was reached.
-   */
-  private void refillBuffer(int n) throws IOException {
-    if (!tryRefillBuffer(n)) {
+    private void skipRawVarintFastPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (buffer[pos++] >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarintSlowPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (readRawByte() >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawVarint64() throws IOException {
+      // Implementation notes:
+      //
+      // Optimized for one-byte values, expected to be common.
+      // The particular code below was selected from various candidates
+      // empirically, by winning VarintBenchmark.
+      //
+      // Sign extension of (signed) Java bytes is usually a nuisance, but
+      // we exploit it here to more easily obtain the sign of bytes read.
+      // Instead of cleaning up the sign extension bits by masking eagerly,
+      // we delay until we find the final (positive) byte, when we clear all
+      // accumulated bits with one xor.  We depend on javac to constant fold.
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        int tempPos = pos;
+
+        if (limit == tempPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+        long x;
+        int y;
+        if ((y = buffer[tempPos++]) >= 0) {
+          pos = tempPos;
+          return y;
+        } else if (limit - tempPos < 9) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((y ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 7)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((y ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14));
+        } else if ((y ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 21)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21));
+        } else if ((x = y ^ ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 28)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 35)) < 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 42)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35) ^ (~0L << 42);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 49)) < 0L) {
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49);
+        } else {
+          x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 56);
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49)
+                  ^ (~0L << 56);
+          if (x < 0L) {
+            if (buffer[tempPos++] < 0L) {
+              break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        pos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    long readRawVarint64SlowPath() throws IOException {
+      long result = 0;
+      for (int shift = 0; shift < 64; shift += 7) {
+        final byte b = readRawByte();
+        result |= (long) (b & 0x7F) << shift;
+        if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+          return result;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readRawLittleEndian32() throws IOException {
+      int tempPos = pos;
+
+      if (limit - tempPos < FIXED_32_SIZE) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+      pos = tempPos + FIXED_32_SIZE;
+      return (((buffer[tempPos] & 0xff))
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 1] & 0xff) << 8)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 2] & 0xff) << 16)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 3] & 0xff) << 24));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawLittleEndian64() throws IOException {
+      int tempPos = pos;
+
+      if (limit - tempPos < FIXED_64_SIZE) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+      pos = tempPos + FIXED_64_SIZE;
+      return (((buffer[tempPos] & 0xffL))
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 1] & 0xffL) << 8)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 2] & 0xffL) << 16)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 3] & 0xffL) << 24)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 4] & 0xffL) << 32)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 5] & 0xffL) << 40)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 6] & 0xffL) << 48)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 7] & 0xffL) << 56));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enableAliasing(boolean enabled) {
+      this.enableAliasing = enabled;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resetSizeCounter() {
+      startPos = pos;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int pushLimit(int byteLimit) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (byteLimit < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      byteLimit += getTotalBytesRead();
+      final int oldLimit = currentLimit;
+      if (byteLimit > oldLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      currentLimit = byteLimit;
+
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+
+      return oldLimit;
+    }
+
+    private void recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit() {
+      limit += bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+      final int bufferEnd = limit - startPos;
+      if (bufferEnd > currentLimit) {
+        // Limit is in current buffer.
+        bufferSizeAfterLimit = bufferEnd - currentLimit;
+        limit -= bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+      } else {
+        bufferSizeAfterLimit = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void popLimit(final int oldLimit) {
+      currentLimit = oldLimit;
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getBytesUntilLimit() {
+      if (currentLimit == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+
+      return currentLimit - getTotalBytesRead();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isAtEnd() throws IOException {
+      return pos == limit;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesRead() {
+      return pos - startPos;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte readRawByte() throws IOException {
+      if (pos == limit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      return buffer[pos++];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readRawBytes(final int length) throws IOException {
+      if (length > 0 && length <= (limit - pos)) {
+        final int tempPos = pos;
+        pos += length;
+        return Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, tempPos, pos);
+      }
+
+      if (length <= 0) {
+        if (length == 0) {
+          return Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+        } else {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipRawBytes(final int length) throws IOException {
+      if (length >= 0 && length <= (limit - pos)) {
+        // We have all the bytes we need already.
+        pos += length;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (length < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
       throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
     }
   }
 
   /**
-   * Tries to read more bytes from the input, making at least {@code n} bytes
-   * available in the buffer.  Caller must ensure that the requested space is
-   * not yet available, and that the requested space is less than BUFFER_SIZE.
-   *
-   * @return {@code true} if the bytes could be made available; {@code false}
-   *         if the end of the stream or the current limit was reached.
+   * A {@link CodedInputStream} implementation that uses a backing direct ByteBuffer as the input.
+   * Requires the use of {@code sun.misc.Unsafe} to perform fast reads on the buffer.
    */
-  private boolean tryRefillBuffer(int n) throws IOException {
-    if (bufferPos + n <= bufferSize) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException(
-          "refillBuffer() called when " + n +
-          " bytes were already available in buffer");
+  private static final class UnsafeDirectNioDecoder extends CodedInputStream {
+    /** The direct buffer that is backing this stream. */
+    private final ByteBuffer buffer;
+
+    /**
+     * If {@code true}, indicates that the buffer is backing a {@link ByteString} and is therefore
+     * considered to be an immutable input source.
+     */
+    private final boolean immutable;
+
+    /** The unsafe address of the content of {@link #buffer}. */
+    private final long address;
+
+    /** The unsafe address of the current read limit of the buffer. */
+    private long limit;
+
+    /** The unsafe address of the current read position of the buffer. */
+    private long pos;
+
+    /** The unsafe address of the starting read position. */
+    private long startPos;
+
+    /** The amount of available data in the buffer beyond {@link #limit}. */
+    private int bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+
+    /** The last tag that was read from this stream. */
+    private int lastTag;
+
+    /**
+     * If {@code true}, indicates that calls to read {@link ByteString} or {@code byte[]}
+     * <strong>may</strong> return slices of the underlying buffer, rather than copies.
+     */
+    private boolean enableAliasing;
+
+    /** The absolute position of the end of the current message. */
+    private int currentLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+
+    static boolean isSupported() {
+      return UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeByteBufferOperations();
     }
 
-    if (totalBytesRetired + bufferPos + n > currentLimit) {
-      // Oops, we hit a limit.
-      return false;
+    private UnsafeDirectNioDecoder(ByteBuffer buffer, boolean immutable) {
+      this.buffer = buffer;
+      address = UnsafeUtil.addressOffset(buffer);
+      limit = address + buffer.limit();
+      pos = address + buffer.position();
+      startPos = pos;
+      this.immutable = immutable;
     }
 
-    if (refillCallback != null) {
-      refillCallback.onRefill();
+    @Override
+    public int readTag() throws IOException {
+      if (isAtEnd()) {
+        lastTag = 0;
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      lastTag = readRawVarint32();
+      if (WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(lastTag) == 0) {
+        // If we actually read zero (or any tag number corresponding to field
+        // number zero), that's not a valid tag.
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag();
+      }
+      return lastTag;
     }
 
-    if (input != null) {
-      int pos = bufferPos;
-      if (pos > 0) {
-        if (bufferSize > pos) {
-          System.arraycopy(buffer, pos, buffer, 0, bufferSize - pos);
-        }
-        totalBytesRetired += pos;
-        bufferSize -= pos;
-        bufferPos = 0;
+    @Override
+    public void checkLastTagWas(final int value) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (lastTag != value) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidEndTag();
       }
+    }
 
-      int bytesRead = input.read(buffer, bufferSize, buffer.length - bufferSize);
-      if (bytesRead == 0 || bytesRead < -1 || bytesRead > buffer.length) {
-        throw new IllegalStateException(
-            "InputStream#read(byte[]) returned invalid result: " + bytesRead +
-            "\nThe InputStream implementation is buggy.");
+    @Override
+    public int getLastTag() {
+      return lastTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          skipRawVarint();
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED_64_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          skipRawBytes(readRawVarint32());
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          skipMessage();
+          checkLastTagWas(
+              WireFormat.makeTag(WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          return false;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED_32_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
       }
-      if (bytesRead > 0) {
-        bufferSize += bytesRead;
-        // Integer-overflow-conscious check against sizeLimit
-        if (totalBytesRetired + n - sizeLimit > 0) {
-          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.sizeLimitExceeded();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag, final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          {
+            long value = readInt64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          {
+            long value = readRawLittleEndian64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          {
+            ByteString value = readBytes();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeBytesNoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          {
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            skipMessage(output);
+            int endtag =
+                WireFormat.makeTag(
+                    WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+            checkLastTagWas(endtag);
+            output.writeRawVarint32(endtag);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          {
+            return false;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          {
+            int value = readRawLittleEndian32();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage() throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag)) {
+          return;
         }
-        recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
-        return (bufferSize >= n) ? true : tryRefillBuffer(n);
       }
     }
 
-    return false;
-  }
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag, output)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * Read one byte from the input.
-   *
-   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException The end of the stream or the current
-   *                                        limit was reached.
-   */
-  public byte readRawByte() throws IOException {
-    if (bufferPos == bufferSize) {
-      refillBuffer(1);
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Override
+    public double readDouble() throws IOException {
+      return Double.longBitsToDouble(readRawLittleEndian64());
     }
-    return buffer[bufferPos++];
-  }
 
-  /**
-   * Read a fixed size of bytes from the input.
-   *
-   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException The end of the stream or the current
-   *                                        limit was reached.
-   */
-  public byte[] readRawBytes(final int size) throws IOException {
-    final int pos = bufferPos;
-    if (size <= (bufferSize - pos) && size > 0) {
-      bufferPos = pos + size;
-      return Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, pos, pos + size);
-    } else {
-      return readRawBytesSlowPath(size);
+    @Override
+    public float readFloat() throws IOException {
+      return Float.intBitsToFloat(readRawLittleEndian32());
     }
-  }
 
-  /**
-   * Exactly like readRawBytes, but caller must have already checked the fast
-   * path: (size <= (bufferSize - pos) && size > 0)
-   */
-  private byte[] readRawBytesSlowPath(final int size) throws IOException {
-    if (size <= 0) {
+    @Override
+    public long readUInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean readBool() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64() != 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readString() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= remaining()) {
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Is there a way to avoid this copy?
+        byte[] bytes = copyToArray(pos, pos + size);
+        String result = new String(bytes, UTF_8);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+
       if (size == 0) {
-        return Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
-      } else {
+        return "";
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size >= 0 && size <= remaining()) {
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Is there a way to avoid this copy?
+        byte[] bytes = copyToArray(pos, pos + size);
+        // TODO(martinrb): We could save a pass by validating while decoding.
+        if (!Utf8.isValidUtf8(bytes)) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+        }
+
+        String result = new String(bytes, UTF_8);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      if (size <= 0) {
         throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
       }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
     }
 
-    // Verify that the message size so far has not exceeded sizeLimit.
-    int currentMessageSize = totalBytesRetired + bufferPos + size;
-    if (currentMessageSize > sizeLimit) {
-      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.sizeLimitExceeded();
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final Parser<T> parser,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+      return result;
     }
 
-    // Verify that the message size so far has not exceeded currentLimit.
-    if (currentMessageSize > currentLimit) {
-      // Read to the end of the stream anyway.
-      skipRawBytes(currentLimit - totalBytesRetired - bufferPos);
+    @Deprecated
+    @Override
+    public void readUnknownGroup(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite.Builder builder)
+        throws IOException {
+      readGroup(fieldNumber, builder, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readMessage(
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      final int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readMessage(
+        final Parser<T> parser, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteString readBytes() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= remaining()) {
+        ByteBuffer result;
+        if (immutable && enableAliasing) {
+          result = slice(pos, pos + size);
+        } else {
+          result = copy(pos, pos + size);
+        }
+        pos += size;
+        return ByteString.wrap(result);
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return ByteString.EMPTY;
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
       throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
     }
 
-    // We need the input stream to proceed.
-    if (input == null) {
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readByteArray() throws IOException {
+      return readRawBytes(readRawVarint32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteBuffer readByteBuffer() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= remaining()) {
+        ByteBuffer result;
+        // "Immutable" implies that buffer is backing a ByteString.
+        // Disallow slicing in this case to prevent the caller from modifying the contents
+        // of the ByteString.
+        if (!immutable && enableAliasing) {
+          result = slice(pos, pos + size);
+        } else {
+          result = copy(pos, pos + size);
+        }
+        pos += size;
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Investigate making the ByteBuffer be made read-only
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
       throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
     }
 
-    final int originalBufferPos = bufferPos;
-    final int bufferedBytes = bufferSize - bufferPos;
+    @Override
+    public int readUInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readEnum() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
 
-    // Mark the current buffer consumed.
-    totalBytesRetired += bufferSize;
-    bufferPos = 0;
-    bufferSize = 0;
+    @Override
+    public int readSFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
+    }
 
-    // Determine the number of bytes we need to read from the input stream.
-    int sizeLeft = size - bufferedBytes;
-    // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider using a value larger than BUFFER_SIZE.
-    if (sizeLeft < BUFFER_SIZE || sizeLeft <= input.available()) {
-      // Either the bytes we need are known to be available, or the required buffer is
-      // within an allowed threshold - go ahead and allocate the buffer now.
-      final byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+    @Override
+    public long readSFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
 
-      // Copy all of the buffered bytes to the result buffer.
-      System.arraycopy(buffer, originalBufferPos, bytes, 0, bufferedBytes);
+    @Override
+    public int readSInt32() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag32(readRawVarint32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSInt64() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag64(readRawVarint64());
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
 
-      // Fill the remaining bytes from the input stream.
-      int pos = bufferedBytes;
-      while (pos < bytes.length) {
-        int n = input.read(bytes, pos, size - pos);
-        if (n == -1) {
-          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    @Override
+    public int readRawVarint32() throws IOException {
+      // See implementation notes for readRawVarint64
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        long tempPos = pos;
+
+        if (limit == tempPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
+
+        int x;
+        if ((x = UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++)) >= 0) {
+          pos = tempPos;
+          return x;
+        } else if (limit - tempPos < 9) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((x ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 7)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((x ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14);
+        } else if ((x ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 21)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21);
+        } else {
+          int y = UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++);
+          x ^= y << 28;
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21) ^ (~0 << 28);
+          if (y < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0
+              && UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0) {
+            break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+          }
         }
-        totalBytesRetired += n;
-        pos += n;
+        pos = tempPos;
+        return x;
       }
+      return (int) readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
 
-      return bytes;
+    private void skipRawVarint() throws IOException {
+      if (remaining() >= MAX_VARINT_SIZE) {
+        skipRawVarintFastPath();
+      } else {
+        skipRawVarintSlowPath();
+      }
     }
 
-    // The size is very large.  For security reasons, we can't allocate the
-    // entire byte array yet.  The size comes directly from the input, so a
-    // maliciously-crafted message could provide a bogus very large size in
-    // order to trick the app into allocating a lot of memory.  We avoid this
-    // by allocating and reading only a small chunk at a time, so that the
-    // malicious message must actually *be* extremely large to cause
-    // problems.  Meanwhile, we limit the allowed size of a message elsewhere.
-    final List<byte[]> chunks = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
-
-    while (sizeLeft > 0) {
-      // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider using a value larger than BUFFER_SIZE.
-      final byte[] chunk = new byte[Math.min(sizeLeft, BUFFER_SIZE)];
-      int pos = 0;
-      while (pos < chunk.length) {
-        final int n = input.read(chunk, pos, chunk.length - pos);
-        if (n == -1) {
-          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    private void skipRawVarintFastPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (UnsafeUtil.getByte(pos++) >= 0) {
+          return;
         }
-        totalBytesRetired += n;
-        pos += n;
       }
-      sizeLeft -= chunk.length;
-      chunks.add(chunk);
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
     }
 
-    // OK, got everything.  Now concatenate it all into one buffer.
-    final byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+    private void skipRawVarintSlowPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (readRawByte() >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
 
-    // Start by copying the leftover bytes from this.buffer.
-    System.arraycopy(buffer, originalBufferPos, bytes, 0, bufferedBytes);
+    @Override
+    public long readRawVarint64() throws IOException {
+      // Implementation notes:
+      //
+      // Optimized for one-byte values, expected to be common.
+      // The particular code below was selected from various candidates
+      // empirically, by winning VarintBenchmark.
+      //
+      // Sign extension of (signed) Java bytes is usually a nuisance, but
+      // we exploit it here to more easily obtain the sign of bytes read.
+      // Instead of cleaning up the sign extension bits by masking eagerly,
+      // we delay until we find the final (positive) byte, when we clear all
+      // accumulated bits with one xor.  We depend on javac to constant fold.
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        long tempPos = pos;
+
+        if (limit == tempPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
 
-    // And now all the chunks.
-    int pos = bufferedBytes;
-    for (final byte[] chunk : chunks) {
-      System.arraycopy(chunk, 0, bytes, pos, chunk.length);
-      pos += chunk.length;
+        long x;
+        int y;
+        if ((y = UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++)) >= 0) {
+          pos = tempPos;
+          return y;
+        } else if (limit - tempPos < 9) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((y ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 7)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((y ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14));
+        } else if ((y ^= (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 21)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21));
+        } else if ((x = y ^ ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 28)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 35)) < 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 42)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35) ^ (~0L << 42);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 49)) < 0L) {
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49);
+        } else {
+          x ^= ((long) UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) << 56);
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49)
+                  ^ (~0L << 56);
+          if (x < 0L) {
+            if (UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos++) < 0L) {
+              break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        pos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return readRawVarint64SlowPath();
     }
 
-    // Done.
-    return bytes;
-  }
+    @Override
+    long readRawVarint64SlowPath() throws IOException {
+      long result = 0;
+      for (int shift = 0; shift < 64; shift += 7) {
+        final byte b = readRawByte();
+        result |= (long) (b & 0x7F) << shift;
+        if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+          return result;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
 
-  /**
-   * Reads and discards {@code size} bytes.
-   *
-   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException The end of the stream or the current
-   *                                        limit was reached.
-   */
-  public void skipRawBytes(final int size) throws IOException {
-    if (size <= (bufferSize - bufferPos) && size >= 0) {
-      // We have all the bytes we need already.
-      bufferPos += size;
-    } else {
-      skipRawBytesSlowPath(size);
+    @Override
+    public int readRawLittleEndian32() throws IOException {
+      long tempPos = pos;
+
+      if (limit - tempPos < FIXED_32_SIZE) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      pos = tempPos + FIXED_32_SIZE;
+      return (((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos) & 0xff))
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 1) & 0xff) << 8)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 2) & 0xff) << 16)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 3) & 0xff) << 24));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawLittleEndian64() throws IOException {
+      long tempPos = pos;
+
+      if (limit - tempPos < FIXED_64_SIZE) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      pos = tempPos + FIXED_64_SIZE;
+      return (((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos) & 0xffL))
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 1) & 0xffL) << 8)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 2) & 0xffL) << 16)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 3) & 0xffL) << 24)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 4) & 0xffL) << 32)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 5) & 0xffL) << 40)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 6) & 0xffL) << 48)
+          | ((UnsafeUtil.getByte(tempPos + 7) & 0xffL) << 56));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void enableAliasing(boolean enabled) {
+      this.enableAliasing = enabled;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resetSizeCounter() {
+      startPos = pos;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int pushLimit(int byteLimit) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (byteLimit < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      byteLimit += getTotalBytesRead();
+      final int oldLimit = currentLimit;
+      if (byteLimit > oldLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      currentLimit = byteLimit;
+
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+
+      return oldLimit;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void popLimit(final int oldLimit) {
+      currentLimit = oldLimit;
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getBytesUntilLimit() {
+      if (currentLimit == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+
+      return currentLimit - getTotalBytesRead();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isAtEnd() throws IOException {
+      return pos == limit;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesRead() {
+      return (int) (pos - startPos);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte readRawByte() throws IOException {
+      if (pos == limit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      return UnsafeUtil.getByte(pos++);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readRawBytes(final int length) throws IOException {
+      if (length >= 0 && length <= remaining()) {
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
+        slice(pos, pos + length).get(bytes);
+        pos += length;
+        return bytes;
+      }
+
+      if (length <= 0) {
+        if (length == 0) {
+          return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+        } else {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+        }
+      }
+
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipRawBytes(final int length) throws IOException {
+      if (length >= 0 && length <= remaining()) {
+        // We have all the bytes we need already.
+        pos += length;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (length < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    }
+
+    private void recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit() {
+      limit += bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+      final int bufferEnd = (int) (limit - startPos);
+      if (bufferEnd > currentLimit) {
+        // Limit is in current buffer.
+        bufferSizeAfterLimit = bufferEnd - currentLimit;
+        limit -= bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+      } else {
+        bufferSizeAfterLimit = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private int remaining() {
+      return (int) (limit - pos);
+    }
+
+    private int bufferPos(long pos) {
+      return (int) (pos - address);
+    }
+
+    private ByteBuffer slice(long begin, long end) throws IOException {
+      int prevPos = buffer.position();
+      int prevLimit = buffer.limit();
+      try {
+        buffer.position(bufferPos(begin));
+        buffer.limit(bufferPos(end));
+        return buffer.slice();
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      } finally {
+        buffer.position(prevPos);
+        buffer.limit(prevLimit);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private ByteBuffer copy(long begin, long end) throws IOException {
+      return ByteBuffer.wrap(copyToArray(begin, end));
+    }
+
+    private byte[] copyToArray(long begin, long end) throws IOException {
+      int prevPos = buffer.position();
+      int prevLimit = buffer.limit();
+      try {
+        buffer.position(bufferPos(begin));
+        buffer.limit(bufferPos(end));
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) (end - begin)];
+        buffer.get(bytes);
+        return bytes;
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      } finally {
+        buffer.position(prevPos);
+        buffer.limit(prevLimit);
+      }
     }
   }
 
   /**
-   * Exactly like skipRawBytes, but caller must have already checked the fast
-   * path: (size <= (bufferSize - pos) && size >= 0)
+   * Implementation of {@link CodedInputStream} that uses an {@link InputStream} as the data source.
    */
-  private void skipRawBytesSlowPath(final int size) throws IOException {
-    if (size < 0) {
-      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+  private static final class StreamDecoder extends CodedInputStream {
+    private final InputStream input;
+    private final byte[] buffer;
+    /** bufferSize represents how many bytes are currently filled in the buffer */
+    private int bufferSize;
+
+    private int bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+    private int pos;
+    private int lastTag;
+
+    /**
+     * The total number of bytes read before the current buffer. The total bytes read up to the
+     * current position can be computed as {@code totalBytesRetired + pos}. This value may be
+     * negative if reading started in the middle of the current buffer (e.g. if the constructor that
+     * takes a byte array and an offset was used).
+     */
+    private int totalBytesRetired;
+
+    /** The absolute position of the end of the current message. */
+    private int currentLimit = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+
+    private StreamDecoder(final InputStream input, int bufferSize) {
+      checkNotNull(input, "input");
+      this.input = input;
+      this.buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
+      this.bufferSize = 0;
+      pos = 0;
+      totalBytesRetired = 0;
     }
 
-    if (totalBytesRetired + bufferPos + size > currentLimit) {
-      // Read to the end of the stream anyway.
-      skipRawBytes(currentLimit - totalBytesRetired - bufferPos);
-      // Then fail.
-      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+    @Override
+    public int readTag() throws IOException {
+      if (isAtEnd()) {
+        lastTag = 0;
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      lastTag = readRawVarint32();
+      if (WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(lastTag) == 0) {
+        // If we actually read zero (or any tag number corresponding to field
+        // number zero), that's not a valid tag.
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag();
+      }
+      return lastTag;
     }
 
-    // Skipping more bytes than are in the buffer.  First skip what we have.
-    int pos = bufferSize - bufferPos;
-    bufferPos = bufferSize;
+    @Override
+    public void checkLastTagWas(final int value) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (lastTag != value) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidEndTag();
+      }
+    }
 
-    // Keep refilling the buffer until we get to the point we wanted to skip to.
-    // This has the side effect of ensuring the limits are updated correctly.
-    refillBuffer(1);
-    while (size - pos > bufferSize) {
-      pos += bufferSize;
-      bufferPos = bufferSize;
-      refillBuffer(1);
+    @Override
+    public int getLastTag() {
+      return lastTag;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          skipRawVarint();
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED_64_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          skipRawBytes(readRawVarint32());
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          skipMessage();
+          checkLastTagWas(
+              WireFormat.makeTag(WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+          return true;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          return false;
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          skipRawBytes(FIXED_32_SIZE);
+          return true;
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipField(final int tag, final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagWireType(tag)) {
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT:
+          {
+            long value = readInt64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64:
+          {
+            long value = readRawLittleEndian64();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED:
+          {
+            ByteString value = readBytes();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeBytesNoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP:
+          {
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            skipMessage(output);
+            int endtag =
+                WireFormat.makeTag(
+                    WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag), WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+            checkLastTagWas(endtag);
+            output.writeRawVarint32(endtag);
+            return true;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP:
+          {
+            return false;
+          }
+        case WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32:
+          {
+            int value = readRawLittleEndian32();
+            output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
+            output.writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+            return true;
+          }
+        default:
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidWireType();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage() throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipMessage(CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = readTag();
+        if (tag == 0 || !skipField(tag, output)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /** Collects the bytes skipped and returns the data in a ByteBuffer. */
+    private class SkippedDataSink implements RefillCallback {
+      private int lastPos = pos;
+      private ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayStream;
+
+      @Override
+      public void onRefill() {
+        if (byteArrayStream == null) {
+          byteArrayStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        }
+        byteArrayStream.write(buffer, lastPos, pos - lastPos);
+        lastPos = 0;
+      }
+
+      /** Gets skipped data in a ByteBuffer. This method should only be called once. */
+      ByteBuffer getSkippedData() {
+        if (byteArrayStream == null) {
+          return ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, lastPos, pos - lastPos);
+        } else {
+          byteArrayStream.write(buffer, lastPos, pos);
+          return ByteBuffer.wrap(byteArrayStream.toByteArray());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Override
+    public double readDouble() throws IOException {
+      return Double.longBitsToDouble(readRawLittleEndian64());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float readFloat() throws IOException {
+      return Float.intBitsToFloat(readRawLittleEndian32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readUInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readInt64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
     }
 
-    bufferPos = size - pos;
+    @Override
+    public boolean readBool() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint64() != 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readString() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size > 0 && size <= (bufferSize - pos)) {
+        // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+        //   just copy directly from it.
+        final String result = new String(buffer, pos, size, UTF_8);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      }
+      if (size <= bufferSize) {
+        refillBuffer(size);
+        String result = new String(buffer, pos, size, UTF_8);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+      // Slow path:  Build a byte array first then copy it.
+      return new String(readRawBytesSlowPath(size), UTF_8);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String readStringRequireUtf8() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      final byte[] bytes;
+      final int oldPos = pos;
+      final int tempPos;
+      if (size <= (bufferSize - oldPos) && size > 0) {
+        // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+        //   just copy directly from it.
+        bytes = buffer;
+        pos = oldPos + size;
+        tempPos = oldPos;
+      } else if (size == 0) {
+        return "";
+      } else if (size <= bufferSize) {
+        refillBuffer(size);
+        bytes = buffer;
+        tempPos = 0;
+        pos = tempPos + size;
+      } else {
+        // Slow path:  Build a byte array first then copy it.
+        bytes = readRawBytesSlowPath(size);
+        tempPos = 0;
+      }
+      // TODO(martinrb): We could save a pass by validating while decoding.
+      if (!Utf8.isValidUtf8(bytes, tempPos, tempPos + size)) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidUtf8();
+      }
+      return new String(bytes, tempPos, size, UTF_8);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readGroup(
+        final int fieldNumber,
+        final Parser<T> parser,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP));
+      --recursionDepth;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Deprecated
+    @Override
+    public void readUnknownGroup(final int fieldNumber, final MessageLite.Builder builder)
+        throws IOException {
+      readGroup(fieldNumber, builder, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readMessage(
+        final MessageLite.Builder builder, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      final int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      builder.mergeFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends MessageLite> T readMessage(
+        final Parser<T> parser, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      int length = readRawVarint32();
+      if (recursionDepth >= recursionLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.recursionLimitExceeded();
+      }
+      final int oldLimit = pushLimit(length);
+      ++recursionDepth;
+      T result = parser.parsePartialFrom(this, extensionRegistry);
+      checkLastTagWas(0);
+      --recursionDepth;
+      popLimit(oldLimit);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteString readBytes() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size <= (bufferSize - pos) && size > 0) {
+        // Fast path:  We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+        //   just copy directly from it.
+        final ByteString result = ByteString.copyFrom(buffer, pos, size);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return ByteString.EMPTY;
+      }
+      // Slow path:  Build a byte array first then copy it.
+      return ByteString.wrap(readRawBytesSlowPath(size));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readByteArray() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size <= (bufferSize - pos) && size > 0) {
+        // Fast path: We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer, so
+        // just copy directly from it.
+        final byte[] result = Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, pos, pos + size);
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      } else {
+        // Slow path: Build a byte array first then copy it.
+        return readRawBytesSlowPath(size);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteBuffer readByteBuffer() throws IOException {
+      final int size = readRawVarint32();
+      if (size <= (bufferSize - pos) && size > 0) {
+        // Fast path: We already have the bytes in a contiguous buffer.
+        ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, pos, pos + size));
+        pos += size;
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+      }
+      // Slow path: Build a byte array first then copy it.
+      return ByteBuffer.wrap(readRawBytesSlowPath(size));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readUInt32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readEnum() throws IOException {
+      return readRawVarint32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readSFixed32() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian32();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSFixed64() throws IOException {
+      return readRawLittleEndian64();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readSInt32() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag32(readRawVarint32());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readSInt64() throws IOException {
+      return decodeZigZag64(readRawVarint64());
+    }
+
+    // =================================================================
+
+    @Override
+    public int readRawVarint32() throws IOException {
+      // See implementation notes for readRawVarint64
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        int tempPos = pos;
+
+        if (bufferSize == tempPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+        int x;
+        if ((x = buffer[tempPos++]) >= 0) {
+          pos = tempPos;
+          return x;
+        } else if (bufferSize - tempPos < 9) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((x ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 7)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((x ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14);
+        } else if ((x ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 21)) < 0) {
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21);
+        } else {
+          int y = buffer[tempPos++];
+          x ^= y << 28;
+          x ^= (~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21) ^ (~0 << 28);
+          if (y < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0
+              && buffer[tempPos++] < 0) {
+            break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+          }
+        }
+        pos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return (int) readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarint() throws IOException {
+      if (bufferSize - pos >= MAX_VARINT_SIZE) {
+        skipRawVarintFastPath();
+      } else {
+        skipRawVarintSlowPath();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarintFastPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (buffer[pos++] >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    private void skipRawVarintSlowPath() throws IOException {
+      for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VARINT_SIZE; i++) {
+        if (readRawByte() >= 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawVarint64() throws IOException {
+      // Implementation notes:
+      //
+      // Optimized for one-byte values, expected to be common.
+      // The particular code below was selected from various candidates
+      // empirically, by winning VarintBenchmark.
+      //
+      // Sign extension of (signed) Java bytes is usually a nuisance, but
+      // we exploit it here to more easily obtain the sign of bytes read.
+      // Instead of cleaning up the sign extension bits by masking eagerly,
+      // we delay until we find the final (positive) byte, when we clear all
+      // accumulated bits with one xor.  We depend on javac to constant fold.
+      fastpath:
+      {
+        int tempPos = pos;
+
+        if (bufferSize == tempPos) {
+          break fastpath;
+        }
+
+        final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+        long x;
+        int y;
+        if ((y = buffer[tempPos++]) >= 0) {
+          pos = tempPos;
+          return y;
+        } else if (bufferSize - tempPos < 9) {
+          break fastpath;
+        } else if ((y ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 7)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ (~0 << 7);
+        } else if ((y ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 14)) >= 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14));
+        } else if ((y ^= (buffer[tempPos++] << 21)) < 0) {
+          x = y ^ ((~0 << 7) ^ (~0 << 14) ^ (~0 << 21));
+        } else if ((x = y ^ ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 28)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 35)) < 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 42)) >= 0L) {
+          x ^= (~0L << 7) ^ (~0L << 14) ^ (~0L << 21) ^ (~0L << 28) ^ (~0L << 35) ^ (~0L << 42);
+        } else if ((x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 49)) < 0L) {
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49);
+        } else {
+          x ^= ((long) buffer[tempPos++] << 56);
+          x ^=
+              (~0L << 7)
+                  ^ (~0L << 14)
+                  ^ (~0L << 21)
+                  ^ (~0L << 28)
+                  ^ (~0L << 35)
+                  ^ (~0L << 42)
+                  ^ (~0L << 49)
+                  ^ (~0L << 56);
+          if (x < 0L) {
+            if (buffer[tempPos++] < 0L) {
+              break fastpath; // Will throw malformedVarint()
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        pos = tempPos;
+        return x;
+      }
+      return readRawVarint64SlowPath();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    long readRawVarint64SlowPath() throws IOException {
+      long result = 0;
+      for (int shift = 0; shift < 64; shift += 7) {
+        final byte b = readRawByte();
+        result |= (long) (b & 0x7F) << shift;
+        if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+          return result;
+        }
+      }
+      throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readRawLittleEndian32() throws IOException {
+      int tempPos = pos;
+
+      if (bufferSize - tempPos < FIXED_32_SIZE) {
+        refillBuffer(FIXED_32_SIZE);
+        tempPos = pos;
+      }
+
+      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+      pos = tempPos + FIXED_32_SIZE;
+      return (((buffer[tempPos] & 0xff))
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 1] & 0xff) << 8)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 2] & 0xff) << 16)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 3] & 0xff) << 24));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readRawLittleEndian64() throws IOException {
+      int tempPos = pos;
+
+      if (bufferSize - tempPos < FIXED_64_SIZE) {
+        refillBuffer(FIXED_64_SIZE);
+        tempPos = pos;
+      }
+
+      final byte[] buffer = this.buffer;
+      pos = tempPos + FIXED_64_SIZE;
+      return (((buffer[tempPos] & 0xffL))
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 1] & 0xffL) << 8)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 2] & 0xffL) << 16)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 3] & 0xffL) << 24)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 4] & 0xffL) << 32)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 5] & 0xffL) << 40)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 6] & 0xffL) << 48)
+          | ((buffer[tempPos + 7] & 0xffL) << 56));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    @Override
+    public void enableAliasing(boolean enabled) {
+      // TODO(nathanmittler): Ideally we should throw here. Do nothing for backward compatibility.
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resetSizeCounter() {
+      totalBytesRetired = -pos;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int pushLimit(int byteLimit) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      if (byteLimit < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+      byteLimit += totalBytesRetired + pos;
+      final int oldLimit = currentLimit;
+      if (byteLimit > oldLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+      currentLimit = byteLimit;
+
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+
+      return oldLimit;
+    }
+
+    private void recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit() {
+      bufferSize += bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+      final int bufferEnd = totalBytesRetired + bufferSize;
+      if (bufferEnd > currentLimit) {
+        // Limit is in current buffer.
+        bufferSizeAfterLimit = bufferEnd - currentLimit;
+        bufferSize -= bufferSizeAfterLimit;
+      } else {
+        bufferSizeAfterLimit = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void popLimit(final int oldLimit) {
+      currentLimit = oldLimit;
+      recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getBytesUntilLimit() {
+      if (currentLimit == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+
+      final int currentAbsolutePosition = totalBytesRetired + pos;
+      return currentLimit - currentAbsolutePosition;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isAtEnd() throws IOException {
+      return pos == bufferSize && !tryRefillBuffer(1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesRead() {
+      return totalBytesRetired + pos;
+    }
+
+    private interface RefillCallback {
+      void onRefill();
+    }
+
+    private RefillCallback refillCallback = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Reads more bytes from the input, making at least {@code n} bytes available in the buffer.
+     * Caller must ensure that the requested space is not yet available, and that the requested
+     * space is less than BUFFER_SIZE.
+     *
+     * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException The end of the stream or the current limit was
+     *     reached.
+     */
+    private void refillBuffer(int n) throws IOException {
+      if (!tryRefillBuffer(n)) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tries to read more bytes from the input, making at least {@code n} bytes available in the
+     * buffer. Caller must ensure that the requested space is not yet available, and that the
+     * requested space is less than BUFFER_SIZE.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the bytes could be made available; {@code false} if the end of the
+     *     stream or the current limit was reached.
+     */
+    private boolean tryRefillBuffer(int n) throws IOException {
+      if (pos + n <= bufferSize) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(
+            "refillBuffer() called when " + n + " bytes were already available in buffer");
+      }
+
+      if (totalBytesRetired + pos + n > currentLimit) {
+        // Oops, we hit a limit.
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (refillCallback != null) {
+        refillCallback.onRefill();
+      }
+
+      int tempPos = pos;
+      if (tempPos > 0) {
+        if (bufferSize > tempPos) {
+          System.arraycopy(buffer, tempPos, buffer, 0, bufferSize - tempPos);
+        }
+        totalBytesRetired += tempPos;
+        bufferSize -= tempPos;
+        pos = 0;
+      }
+
+      int bytesRead = input.read(buffer, bufferSize, buffer.length - bufferSize);
+      if (bytesRead == 0 || bytesRead < -1 || bytesRead > buffer.length) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(
+            "InputStream#read(byte[]) returned invalid result: "
+                + bytesRead
+                + "\nThe InputStream implementation is buggy.");
+      }
+      if (bytesRead > 0) {
+        bufferSize += bytesRead;
+        // Integer-overflow-conscious check against sizeLimit
+        if (totalBytesRetired + n - sizeLimit > 0) {
+          throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.sizeLimitExceeded();
+        }
+        recomputeBufferSizeAfterLimit();
+        return (bufferSize >= n) ? true : tryRefillBuffer(n);
+      }
+
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte readRawByte() throws IOException {
+      if (pos == bufferSize) {
+        refillBuffer(1);
+      }
+      return buffer[pos++];
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] readRawBytes(final int size) throws IOException {
+      final int tempPos = pos;
+      if (size <= (bufferSize - tempPos) && size > 0) {
+        pos = tempPos + size;
+        return Arrays.copyOfRange(buffer, tempPos, tempPos + size);
+      } else {
+        return readRawBytesSlowPath(size);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exactly like readRawBytes, but caller must have already checked the fast path: (size <=
+     * (bufferSize - pos) && size > 0)
+     */
+    private byte[] readRawBytesSlowPath(final int size) throws IOException {
+      if (size == 0) {
+        return Internal.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
+      }
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+
+      // Verify that the message size so far has not exceeded sizeLimit.
+      int currentMessageSize = totalBytesRetired + pos + size;
+      if (currentMessageSize > sizeLimit) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.sizeLimitExceeded();
+      }
+
+      // Verify that the message size so far has not exceeded currentLimit.
+      if (currentMessageSize > currentLimit) {
+        // Read to the end of the stream anyway.
+        skipRawBytes(currentLimit - totalBytesRetired - pos);
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      final int originalBufferPos = pos;
+      final int bufferedBytes = bufferSize - pos;
+
+      // Mark the current buffer consumed.
+      totalBytesRetired += bufferSize;
+      pos = 0;
+      bufferSize = 0;
+
+      // Determine the number of bytes we need to read from the input stream.
+      int sizeLeft = size - bufferedBytes;
+      // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider using a value larger than DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE.
+      if (sizeLeft < DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE || sizeLeft <= input.available()) {
+        // Either the bytes we need are known to be available, or the required buffer is
+        // within an allowed threshold - go ahead and allocate the buffer now.
+        final byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+
+        // Copy all of the buffered bytes to the result buffer.
+        System.arraycopy(buffer, originalBufferPos, bytes, 0, bufferedBytes);
+
+        // Fill the remaining bytes from the input stream.
+        int tempPos = bufferedBytes;
+        while (tempPos < bytes.length) {
+          int n = input.read(bytes, tempPos, size - tempPos);
+          if (n == -1) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+          }
+          totalBytesRetired += n;
+          tempPos += n;
+        }
+
+        return bytes;
+      }
+
+      // The size is very large.  For security reasons, we can't allocate the
+      // entire byte array yet.  The size comes directly from the input, so a
+      // maliciously-crafted message could provide a bogus very large size in
+      // order to trick the app into allocating a lot of memory.  We avoid this
+      // by allocating and reading only a small chunk at a time, so that the
+      // malicious message must actually *be* extremely large to cause
+      // problems.  Meanwhile, we limit the allowed size of a message elsewhere.
+      final List<byte[]> chunks = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
+
+      while (sizeLeft > 0) {
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): Consider using a value larger than DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE.
+        final byte[] chunk = new byte[Math.min(sizeLeft, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)];
+        int tempPos = 0;
+        while (tempPos < chunk.length) {
+          final int n = input.read(chunk, tempPos, chunk.length - tempPos);
+          if (n == -1) {
+            throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+          }
+          totalBytesRetired += n;
+          tempPos += n;
+        }
+        sizeLeft -= chunk.length;
+        chunks.add(chunk);
+      }
+
+      // OK, got everything.  Now concatenate it all into one buffer.
+      final byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+
+      // Start by copying the leftover bytes from this.buffer.
+      System.arraycopy(buffer, originalBufferPos, bytes, 0, bufferedBytes);
+
+      // And now all the chunks.
+      int tempPos = bufferedBytes;
+      for (final byte[] chunk : chunks) {
+        System.arraycopy(chunk, 0, bytes, tempPos, chunk.length);
+        tempPos += chunk.length;
+      }
+
+      // Done.
+      return bytes;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void skipRawBytes(final int size) throws IOException {
+      if (size <= (bufferSize - pos) && size >= 0) {
+        // We have all the bytes we need already.
+        pos += size;
+      } else {
+        skipRawBytesSlowPath(size);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exactly like skipRawBytes, but caller must have already checked the fast path: (size <=
+     * (bufferSize - pos) && size >= 0)
+     */
+    private void skipRawBytesSlowPath(final int size) throws IOException {
+      if (size < 0) {
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.negativeSize();
+      }
+
+      if (totalBytesRetired + pos + size > currentLimit) {
+        // Read to the end of the stream anyway.
+        skipRawBytes(currentLimit - totalBytesRetired - pos);
+        // Then fail.
+        throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage();
+      }
+
+      // Skipping more bytes than are in the buffer.  First skip what we have.
+      int tempPos = bufferSize - pos;
+      pos = bufferSize;
+
+      // Keep refilling the buffer until we get to the point we wanted to skip to.
+      // This has the side effect of ensuring the limits are updated correctly.
+      refillBuffer(1);
+      while (size - tempPos > bufferSize) {
+        tempPos += bufferSize;
+        pos = bufferSize;
+        refillBuffer(1);
+      }
+
+      pos = size - tempPos;
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStream.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStream.java
index e5515285..3e32c2c5 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStream.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStream.java
@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@
 
 package com.google.protobuf;
 
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED_32_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.FIXED_64_SIZE;
+import static com.google.protobuf.WireFormat.MAX_VARINT_SIZE;
 import static java.lang.Math.max;
 
 import com.google.protobuf.Utf8.UnpairedSurrogateException;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.nio.BufferOverflowException;
@@ -59,10 +61,6 @@ public abstract class CodedOutputStream extends ByteOutput {
   private static final boolean HAS_UNSAFE_ARRAY_OPERATIONS = UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeArrayOperations();
   private static final long ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET = UnsafeUtil.getArrayBaseOffset();
 
-  private static final int FIXED_32_SIZE = 4;
-  private static final int FIXED_64_SIZE = 8;
-  private static final int MAX_VARINT_SIZE = 10;
-
   /**
    * @deprecated Use {@link #computeFixed32SizeNoTag(int)} instead.
    */
@@ -134,14 +132,27 @@ public abstract class CodedOutputStream extends ByteOutput {
     return new ArrayEncoder(flatArray, offset, length);
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Create a new {@code CodedOutputStream} that writes to the given {@link ByteBuffer}.
-   */
-  public static CodedOutputStream newInstance(ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
-    if (byteBuffer.hasArray()) {
-      return new NioHeapEncoder(byteBuffer);
+  /** Create a new {@code CodedOutputStream} that writes to the given {@link ByteBuffer}. */
+  public static CodedOutputStream newInstance(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    if (buffer.hasArray()) {
+      return new HeapNioEncoder(buffer);
     }
-    return new NioEncoder(byteBuffer);
+    if (buffer.isDirect() && !buffer.isReadOnly()) {
+      return UnsafeDirectNioEncoder.isSupported()
+          ? newUnsafeInstance(buffer)
+          : newSafeInstance(buffer);
+    }
+    throw new IllegalArgumentException("ByteBuffer is read-only");
+  }
+
+  /** For testing purposes only. */
+  static CodedOutputStream newUnsafeInstance(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    return new UnsafeDirectNioEncoder(buffer);
+  }
+
+  /** For testing purposes only. */
+  static CodedOutputStream newSafeInstance(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    return new SafeDirectNioEncoder(buffer);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -979,6 +990,10 @@ public abstract class CodedOutputStream extends ByteOutput {
       super(MESSAGE);
     }
 
+    OutOfSpaceException(String explanationMessage) {
+      super(MESSAGE + ": " + explanationMessage);
+    }
+
     OutOfSpaceException(Throwable cause) {
       super(MESSAGE, cause);
     }
@@ -1486,11 +1501,11 @@ public abstract class CodedOutputStream extends ByteOutput {
    * A {@link CodedOutputStream} that writes directly to a heap {@link ByteBuffer}. Writes are
    * done directly to the underlying array. The buffer position is only updated after a flush.
    */
-  private static final class NioHeapEncoder extends ArrayEncoder {
+  private static final class HeapNioEncoder extends ArrayEncoder {
     private final ByteBuffer byteBuffer;
     private int initialPosition;
 
-    NioHeapEncoder(ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+    HeapNioEncoder(ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
       super(byteBuffer.array(), byteBuffer.arrayOffset() + byteBuffer.position(),
           byteBuffer.remaining());
       this.byteBuffer = byteBuffer;
@@ -1505,14 +1520,15 @@ public abstract class CodedOutputStream extends ByteOutput {
   }
 
   /**
-   * A {@link CodedOutputStream} that writes directly to a {@link ByteBuffer}.
+   * A {@link CodedOutputStream} that writes directly to a direct {@link ByteBuffer}, using only
+   * safe operations..
    */
-  private static final class NioEncoder extends CodedOutputStream {
+  private static final class SafeDirectNioEncoder extends CodedOutputStream {
     private final ByteBuffer originalBuffer;
     private final ByteBuffer buffer;
     private final int initialPosition;
 
-    NioEncoder(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+    SafeDirectNioEncoder(ByteBuffer buffer) {
       this.originalBuffer = buffer;
       this.buffer = buffer.duplicate().order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
       initialPosition = buffer.position();
@@ -1815,6 +1831,356 @@ public abstract class CodedOutputStream extends ByteOutput {
   }
 
   /**
+   * A {@link CodedOutputStream} that writes directly to a direct {@link ByteBuffer} using {@code
+   * sun.misc.Unsafe}.
+   */
+  private static final class UnsafeDirectNioEncoder extends CodedOutputStream {
+    private final ByteBuffer originalBuffer;
+    private final ByteBuffer buffer;
+    private final long address;
+    private final long initialPosition;
+    private final long limit;
+    private final long oneVarintLimit;
+    private long position;
+
+    UnsafeDirectNioEncoder(ByteBuffer buffer) {
+      this.originalBuffer = buffer;
+      this.buffer = buffer.duplicate().order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+      address = UnsafeUtil.addressOffset(buffer);
+      initialPosition = address + buffer.position();
+      limit = address + buffer.limit();
+      oneVarintLimit = limit - MAX_VARINT_SIZE;
+      position = initialPosition;
+    }
+
+    static boolean isSupported() {
+      return UnsafeUtil.hasUnsafeByteBufferOperations();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeTag(int fieldNumber, int wireType) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(WireFormat.makeTag(fieldNumber, wireType));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      writeInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32(int fieldNumber, int value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED32);
+      writeFixed32NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64(int fieldNumber, long value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_FIXED64);
+      writeFixed64NoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBool(int fieldNumber, boolean value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT);
+      write((byte) (value ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeString(int fieldNumber, String value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeStringNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytes(int fieldNumber, ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeBytesNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArray(int fieldNumber, byte[] value) throws IOException {
+      writeByteArray(fieldNumber, value, 0, value.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArray(int fieldNumber, byte[] value, int offset, int length)
+        throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeByteArrayNoTag(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteBuffer(int fieldNumber, ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.capacity());
+      writeRawBytes(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessage(int fieldNumber, MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(fieldNumber, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
+      writeMessageNoTag(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessageSetExtension(int fieldNumber, MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      writeUInt32(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+      writeMessage(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRawMessageSetExtension(int fieldNumber, ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_START_GROUP);
+      writeUInt32(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_TYPE_ID, fieldNumber);
+      writeBytes(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_MESSAGE, value);
+      writeTag(WireFormat.MESSAGE_SET_ITEM, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_END_GROUP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMessageNoTag(MessageLite value) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.getSerializedSize());
+      value.writeTo(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte value) throws IOException {
+      if (position >= limit) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1));
+      }
+      UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytesNoTag(ByteString value) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(value.size());
+      value.writeTo(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByteArrayNoTag(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+      write(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRawBytes(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      if (value.hasArray()) {
+        write(value.array(), value.arrayOffset(), value.capacity());
+      } else {
+        ByteBuffer duplicated = value.duplicate();
+        duplicated.clear();
+        write(duplicated);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      if (value >= 0) {
+        writeUInt32NoTag(value);
+      } else {
+        // Must sign-extend.
+        writeUInt64NoTag(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      if (position <= oneVarintLimit) {
+        // Optimization to avoid bounds checks on each iteration.
+        while (true) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) value);
+            return;
+          } else {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        while (position < limit) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) value);
+            return;
+          } else {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) ((value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1));
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed32NoTag(int value) throws IOException {
+      buffer.putInt(bufferPos(position), value);
+      position += FIXED_32_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUInt64NoTag(long value) throws IOException {
+      if (position <= oneVarintLimit) {
+        // Optimization to avoid bounds checks on each iteration.
+        while (true) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7FL) == 0) {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) value);
+            return;
+          } else {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) (((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        while (position < limit) {
+          if ((value & ~0x7FL) == 0) {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) value);
+            return;
+          } else {
+            UnsafeUtil.putByte(position++, (byte) (((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80));
+            value >>>= 7;
+          }
+        }
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, 1));
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeFixed64NoTag(long value) throws IOException {
+      buffer.putLong(bufferPos(position), value);
+      position += FIXED_64_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      if (value == null
+          || offset < 0
+          || length < 0
+          || (value.length - length) < offset
+          || (limit - length) < position) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException("value");
+        }
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(
+            String.format("Pos: %d, limit: %d, len: %d", position, limit, length));
+      }
+
+      UnsafeUtil.copyMemory(
+          value, UnsafeUtil.getArrayBaseOffset() + offset, null, position, length);
+      position += length;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(byte[] value, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+      write(value, offset, length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      try {
+        int length = value.remaining();
+        repositionBuffer(position);
+        buffer.put(value);
+        position += length;
+      } catch (BufferOverflowException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeLazy(ByteBuffer value) throws IOException {
+      write(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeStringNoTag(String value) throws IOException {
+      long prevPos = position;
+      try {
+        // UTF-8 byte length of the string is at least its UTF-16 code unit length (value.length()),
+        // and at most 3 times of it. We take advantage of this in both branches below.
+        int maxEncodedSize = value.length() * Utf8.MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR;
+        int maxLengthVarIntSize = computeUInt32SizeNoTag(maxEncodedSize);
+        int minLengthVarIntSize = computeUInt32SizeNoTag(value.length());
+        if (minLengthVarIntSize == maxLengthVarIntSize) {
+          // Save the current position and increment past the length field. We'll come back
+          // and write the length field after the encoding is complete.
+          int stringStart = bufferPos(position) + minLengthVarIntSize;
+          buffer.position(stringStart);
+
+          // Encode the string.
+          Utf8.encodeUtf8(value, buffer);
+
+          // Write the length and advance the position.
+          int length = buffer.position() - stringStart;
+          writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+          position += length;
+        } else {
+          // Calculate and write the encoded length.
+          int length = Utf8.encodedLength(value);
+          writeUInt32NoTag(length);
+
+          // Write the string and advance the position.
+          repositionBuffer(position);
+          Utf8.encodeUtf8(value, buffer);
+          position += length;
+        }
+      } catch (UnpairedSurrogateException e) {
+        // Roll back the change and convert to an IOException.
+        position = prevPos;
+        repositionBuffer(position);
+
+        // TODO(nathanmittler): We should throw an IOException here instead.
+        inefficientWriteStringNoTag(value, e);
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        // Thrown by buffer.position() if out of range.
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+        throw new OutOfSpaceException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void flush() {
+      // Update the position of the original buffer.
+      originalBuffer.position(bufferPos(position));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int spaceLeft() {
+      return (int) (limit - position);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalBytesWritten() {
+      return (int) (position - initialPosition);
+    }
+
+    private void repositionBuffer(long pos) {
+      buffer.position(bufferPos(pos));
+    }
+
+    private int bufferPos(long pos) {
+      return (int) (pos - address);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
    * Abstract base class for buffered encoders.
    */
   private abstract static class AbstractBufferedEncoder extends CodedOutputStream {
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Descriptors.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Descriptors.java
index 1c34c24f..cab7118a 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Descriptors.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Descriptors.java
@@ -1212,33 +1212,20 @@ public final class Descriptors {
       private final Object defaultDefault;
     }
 
-    // TODO(xiaofeng): Implement it consistently across different languages. See b/24751348.
-    private static String fieldNameToLowerCamelCase(String name) {
+    // This method should match exactly with the ToJsonName() function in C++
+    // descriptor.cc.
+    private static String fieldNameToJsonName(String name) {
       StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(name.length());
       boolean isNextUpperCase = false;
       for (int i = 0; i < name.length(); i++) {
         Character ch = name.charAt(i);
-        if (Character.isLowerCase(ch)) {
-          if (isNextUpperCase) {
-            result.append(Character.toUpperCase(ch));
-          } else {
-            result.append(ch);
-          }
-          isNextUpperCase = false;
-        } else if (Character.isUpperCase(ch)) {
-          if (i == 0) {
-            // Force first letter to lower-case.
-            result.append(Character.toLowerCase(ch));
-          } else {
-            // Capital letters after the first are left as-is.
-            result.append(ch);
-          }
-          isNextUpperCase = false;
-        } else if (Character.isDigit(ch)) {
-          result.append(ch);
+        if (ch == '_') {
+          isNextUpperCase = true;
+        } else if (isNextUpperCase) {
+          result.append(Character.toUpperCase(ch));
           isNextUpperCase = false;
         } else {
-          isNextUpperCase = true;
+          result.append(ch);
         }
       }
       return result.toString();
@@ -1257,7 +1244,7 @@ public final class Descriptors {
       if (proto.hasJsonName()) {
         jsonName = proto.getJsonName();
       } else {
-        jsonName = fieldNameToLowerCamelCase(proto.getName());
+        jsonName = fieldNameToJsonName(proto.getName());
       }
 
       if (proto.hasType()) {
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageV3.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageV3.java
index 5dfe7ff7..5c0b9967 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageV3.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageV3.java
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
 import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
 import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
 import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor;
-import com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage.GeneratedExtension;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
@@ -45,6 +44,7 @@ import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -1609,6 +1609,43 @@ public abstract class GeneratedMessageV3 extends AbstractMessage
     FieldDescriptor getDescriptor();
   }
 
+  /** For use by generated code only. */
+  public static <ContainingType extends Message, Type>
+      GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>
+      newMessageScopedGeneratedExtension(final Message scope,
+                                         final int descriptorIndex,
+                                         final Class singularType,
+                                         final Message defaultInstance) {
+    // For extensions scoped within a Message, we use the Message to resolve
+    // the outer class's descriptor, from which the extension descriptor is
+    // obtained.
+    return new GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>(
+        new CachedDescriptorRetriever() {
+          @Override
+          public FieldDescriptor loadDescriptor() {
+            return scope.getDescriptorForType().getExtensions().get(descriptorIndex);
+          }
+        },
+        singularType,
+        defaultInstance,
+        Extension.ExtensionType.IMMUTABLE);
+  }
+
+  /** For use by generated code only. */
+  public static <ContainingType extends Message, Type>
+     GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>
+     newFileScopedGeneratedExtension(final Class singularType,
+                                     final Message defaultInstance) {
+    // For extensions scoped within a file, we rely on the outer class's
+    // static initializer to call internalInit() on the extension when the
+    // descriptor is available.
+    return new GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>(
+        null,  // ExtensionDescriptorRetriever is initialized in internalInit();
+        singularType,
+        defaultInstance,
+        Extension.ExtensionType.IMMUTABLE);
+  }
+
   private abstract static class CachedDescriptorRetriever
       implements ExtensionDescriptorRetriever {
     private volatile FieldDescriptor descriptor;
@@ -1627,6 +1664,301 @@ public abstract class GeneratedMessageV3 extends AbstractMessage
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Used in proto1 generated code only.
+   *
+   * After enabling bridge, we can define proto2 extensions (the extended type
+   * is a proto2 mutable message) in a proto1 .proto file. For these extensions
+   * we should generate proto2 GeneratedExtensions.
+   */
+  public static <ContainingType extends Message, Type>
+      GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>
+      newMessageScopedGeneratedExtension(
+          final Message scope, final String name,
+          final Class singularType, final Message defaultInstance) {
+    // For extensions scoped within a Message, we use the Message to resolve
+    // the outer class's descriptor, from which the extension descriptor is
+    // obtained.
+    return new GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>(
+        new CachedDescriptorRetriever() {
+          @Override
+          protected FieldDescriptor loadDescriptor() {
+            return scope.getDescriptorForType().findFieldByName(name);
+          }
+        },
+        singularType,
+        defaultInstance,
+        Extension.ExtensionType.MUTABLE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used in proto1 generated code only.
+   *
+   * After enabling bridge, we can define proto2 extensions (the extended type
+   * is a proto2 mutable message) in a proto1 .proto file. For these extensions
+   * we should generate proto2 GeneratedExtensions.
+   */
+  public static <ContainingType extends Message, Type>
+     GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>
+     newFileScopedGeneratedExtension(
+         final Class singularType, final Message defaultInstance,
+         final String descriptorOuterClass, final String extensionName) {
+    // For extensions scoped within a file, we load the descriptor outer
+    // class and rely on it to get the FileDescriptor which then can be
+    // used to obtain the extension's FieldDescriptor.
+    return new GeneratedExtension<ContainingType, Type>(
+        new CachedDescriptorRetriever() {
+          @Override
+          protected FieldDescriptor loadDescriptor() {
+            try {
+              Class clazz = singularType.getClassLoader().loadClass(descriptorOuterClass);
+              FileDescriptor file = (FileDescriptor) clazz.getField("descriptor").get(null);
+              return file.findExtensionByName(extensionName);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+              throw new RuntimeException(
+                  "Cannot load descriptors: "
+                      + descriptorOuterClass
+                      + " is not a valid descriptor class name",
+                  e);
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        singularType,
+        defaultInstance,
+        Extension.ExtensionType.MUTABLE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Type used to represent generated extensions.  The protocol compiler
+   * generates a static singleton instance of this class for each extension.
+   *
+   * <p>For example, imagine you have the {@code .proto} file:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * option java_class = "MyProto";
+   *
+   * message Foo {
+   *   extensions 1000 to max;
+   * }
+   *
+   * extend Foo {
+   *   optional int32 bar;
+   * }
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * <p>Then, {@code MyProto.Foo.bar} has type
+   * {@code GeneratedExtension<MyProto.Foo, Integer>}.
+   *
+   * <p>In general, users should ignore the details of this type, and simply use
+   * these static singletons as parameters to the extension accessors defined
+   * in {@link ExtendableMessage} and {@link ExtendableBuilder}.
+   */
+  public static class GeneratedExtension<
+      ContainingType extends Message, Type> extends
+      Extension<ContainingType, Type> {
+    // TODO(kenton):  Find ways to avoid using Java reflection within this
+    //   class.  Also try to avoid suppressing unchecked warnings.
+
+    // We can't always initialize the descriptor of a GeneratedExtension when
+    // we first construct it due to initialization order difficulties (namely,
+    // the descriptor may not have been constructed yet, since it is often
+    // constructed by the initializer of a separate module).
+    //
+    // In the case of nested extensions, we initialize the
+    // ExtensionDescriptorRetriever with an instance that uses the scoping
+    // Message's default instance to retrieve the extension's descriptor.
+    //
+    // In the case of non-nested extensions, we initialize the
+    // ExtensionDescriptorRetriever to null and rely on the outer class's static
+    // initializer to call internalInit() after the descriptor has been parsed.
+    GeneratedExtension(ExtensionDescriptorRetriever descriptorRetriever,
+        Class singularType,
+        Message messageDefaultInstance,
+        ExtensionType extensionType) {
+      if (Message.class.isAssignableFrom(singularType) &&
+          !singularType.isInstance(messageDefaultInstance)) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Bad messageDefaultInstance for " + singularType.getName());
+      }
+      this.descriptorRetriever = descriptorRetriever;
+      this.singularType = singularType;
+      this.messageDefaultInstance = messageDefaultInstance;
+
+      if (ProtocolMessageEnum.class.isAssignableFrom(singularType)) {
+        this.enumValueOf = getMethodOrDie(singularType, "valueOf",
+                                          EnumValueDescriptor.class);
+        this.enumGetValueDescriptor =
+            getMethodOrDie(singularType, "getValueDescriptor");
+      } else {
+        this.enumValueOf = null;
+        this.enumGetValueDescriptor = null;
+      }
+      this.extensionType = extensionType;
+    }
+
+    /** For use by generated code only. */
+    public void internalInit(final FieldDescriptor descriptor) {
+      if (descriptorRetriever != null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Already initialized.");
+      }
+      descriptorRetriever =
+          new ExtensionDescriptorRetriever() {
+            @Override
+            public FieldDescriptor getDescriptor() {
+              return descriptor;
+            }
+          };
+    }
+
+    private ExtensionDescriptorRetriever descriptorRetriever;
+    private final Class singularType;
+    private final Message messageDefaultInstance;
+    private final Method enumValueOf;
+    private final Method enumGetValueDescriptor;
+    private final ExtensionType extensionType;
+
+    @Override
+    public FieldDescriptor getDescriptor() {
+      if (descriptorRetriever == null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(
+            "getDescriptor() called before internalInit()");
+      }
+      return descriptorRetriever.getDescriptor();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the extension is an embedded message or group, returns the default
+     * instance of the message.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Message getMessageDefaultInstance() {
+      return messageDefaultInstance;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected ExtensionType getExtensionType() {
+      return extensionType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert from the type used by the reflection accessors to the type used
+     * by native accessors.  E.g., for enums, the reflection accessors use
+     * EnumValueDescriptors but the native accessors use the generated enum
+     * type.
+     */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    protected Object fromReflectionType(final Object value) {
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = getDescriptor();
+      if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        if (descriptor.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE ||
+            descriptor.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM) {
+          // Must convert the whole list.
+          final List result = new ArrayList();
+          for (final Object element : (List) value) {
+            result.add(singularFromReflectionType(element));
+          }
+          return result;
+        } else {
+          return value;
+        }
+      } else {
+        return singularFromReflectionType(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link #fromReflectionType(Object)}, but if the type is a repeated
+     * type, this converts a single element.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected Object singularFromReflectionType(final Object value) {
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = getDescriptor();
+      switch (descriptor.getJavaType()) {
+        case MESSAGE:
+          if (singularType.isInstance(value)) {
+            return value;
+          } else {
+            return messageDefaultInstance.newBuilderForType()
+                .mergeFrom((Message) value).build();
+          }
+        case ENUM:
+          return invokeOrDie(enumValueOf, null, (EnumValueDescriptor) value);
+        default:
+          return value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert from the type used by the native accessors to the type used
+     * by reflection accessors.  E.g., for enums, the reflection accessors use
+     * EnumValueDescriptors but the native accessors use the generated enum
+     * type.
+     */
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    protected Object toReflectionType(final Object value) {
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = getDescriptor();
+      if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+        if (descriptor.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.ENUM) {
+          // Must convert the whole list.
+          final List result = new ArrayList();
+          for (final Object element : (List) value) {
+            result.add(singularToReflectionType(element));
+          }
+          return result;
+        } else {
+          return value;
+        }
+      } else {
+        return singularToReflectionType(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like {@link #toReflectionType(Object)}, but if the type is a repeated
+     * type, this converts a single element.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected Object singularToReflectionType(final Object value) {
+      FieldDescriptor descriptor = getDescriptor();
+      switch (descriptor.getJavaType()) {
+        case ENUM:
+          return invokeOrDie(enumGetValueDescriptor, value);
+        default:
+          return value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNumber() {
+      return getDescriptor().getNumber();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public WireFormat.FieldType getLiteType() {
+      return getDescriptor().getLiteType();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isRepeated() {
+      return getDescriptor().isRepeated();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public Type getDefaultValue() {
+      if (isRepeated()) {
+        return (Type) Collections.emptyList();
+      }
+      if (getDescriptor().getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+        return (Type) messageDefaultInstance;
+      }
+      return (Type) singularFromReflectionType(
+          getDescriptor().getDefaultValue());
+    }
+  }
+
   // =================================================================
 
   /** Calls Class.getMethod and throws a RuntimeException if it fails. */
@@ -2223,6 +2555,20 @@ public abstract class GeneratedMessageV3 extends AbstractMessage
             field.getNumber());
       }
 
+      private Message coerceType(Message value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (mapEntryMessageDefaultInstance.getClass().isInstance(value)) {
+          return value;
+        }
+        // The value is not the exact right message type.  However, if it
+        // is an alternative implementation of the same type -- e.g. a
+        // DynamicMessage -- we should accept it.  In this case we can make
+        // a copy of the message.
+        return mapEntryMessageDefaultInstance.toBuilder().mergeFrom(value).build();
+      }
+
       @Override
       public Object get(GeneratedMessageV3 message) {
         List result = new ArrayList();
@@ -2278,15 +2624,15 @@ public abstract class GeneratedMessageV3 extends AbstractMessage
       public Object getRepeatedRaw(Builder builder, int index) {
         return getRepeated(builder, index);
       }
-
+      
       @Override
       public void setRepeated(Builder builder, int index, Object value) {
-        getMutableMapField(builder).getMutableList().set(index, (Message) value);
+        getMutableMapField(builder).getMutableList().set(index, coerceType((Message) value));
       }
 
       @Override
       public void addRepeated(Builder builder, Object value) {
-        getMutableMapField(builder).getMutableList().add((Message) value);
+        getMutableMapField(builder).getMutableList().add(coerceType((Message) value));
       }
 
       @Override
@@ -2713,4 +3059,131 @@ public abstract class GeneratedMessageV3 extends AbstractMessage
       output.writeBytesNoTag((ByteString) value);
     }
   }
+
+  protected static <V> void serializeIntegerMapTo(
+      CodedOutputStream out,
+      MapField<Integer, V> field,
+      MapEntry<Integer, V> defaultEntry,
+      int fieldNumber) throws IOException {
+    Map<Integer, V> m = field.getMap();
+    if (!out.isSerializationDeterministic()) {
+      serializeMapTo(out, m, defaultEntry, fieldNumber);
+      return;
+    }
+    // Sorting the unboxed keys and then look up the values during serialziation is 2x faster
+    // than sorting map entries with a custom comparator directly.
+    int[] keys = new int[m.size()];
+    int index = 0;
+    for (int k : m.keySet()) {
+      keys[index++] = k;
+    }
+    Arrays.sort(keys);
+    for (int key : keys) {
+      out.writeMessage(fieldNumber,
+          defaultEntry.newBuilderForType()
+              .setKey(key)
+              .setValue(m.get(key))
+              .build());
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <V> void serializeLongMapTo(
+      CodedOutputStream out,
+      MapField<Long, V> field,
+      MapEntry<Long, V> defaultEntry,
+      int fieldNumber)
+      throws IOException {
+    Map<Long, V> m = field.getMap();
+    if (!out.isSerializationDeterministic()) {
+      serializeMapTo(out, m, defaultEntry, fieldNumber);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    long[] keys = new long[m.size()];
+    int index = 0;
+    for (long k : m.keySet()) {
+      keys[index++] = k;
+    }
+    Arrays.sort(keys);
+    for (long key : keys) {
+      out.writeMessage(fieldNumber,
+          defaultEntry.newBuilderForType()
+              .setKey(key)
+              .setValue(m.get(key))
+              .build());
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <V> void serializeStringMapTo(
+      CodedOutputStream out,
+      MapField<String, V> field,
+      MapEntry<String, V> defaultEntry,
+      int fieldNumber)
+      throws IOException {
+    Map<String, V> m = field.getMap();
+    if (!out.isSerializationDeterministic()) {
+      serializeMapTo(out, m, defaultEntry, fieldNumber);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Sorting the String keys and then look up the values during serialziation is 25% faster than
+    // sorting map entries with a custom comparator directly.
+    String[] keys = new String[m.size()];
+    keys = m.keySet().toArray(keys);
+    Arrays.sort(keys);
+    for (String key : keys) {
+      out.writeMessage(fieldNumber,
+          defaultEntry.newBuilderForType()
+              .setKey(key)
+              .setValue(m.get(key))
+              .build());
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <V> void serializeBooleanMapTo(
+      CodedOutputStream out,
+      MapField<Boolean, V> field,
+      MapEntry<Boolean, V> defaultEntry,
+      int fieldNumber)
+      throws IOException {
+    Map<Boolean, V> m = field.getMap();
+    if (!out.isSerializationDeterministic()) {
+      serializeMapTo(out, m, defaultEntry, fieldNumber);
+      return;
+    }
+    maybeSerializeBooleanEntryTo(out, m, defaultEntry, fieldNumber, false);
+    maybeSerializeBooleanEntryTo(out, m, defaultEntry, fieldNumber, true);
+  }
+
+  private static <V> void maybeSerializeBooleanEntryTo(
+      CodedOutputStream out,
+      Map<Boolean, V> m,
+      MapEntry<Boolean, V> defaultEntry,
+      int fieldNumber,
+      boolean key)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (m.containsKey(key)) {
+      out.writeMessage(fieldNumber,
+          defaultEntry.newBuilderForType()
+              .setKey(key)
+              .setValue(m.get(key))
+              .build());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Serialize the map using the iteration order. */
+  private static <K, V> void serializeMapTo(
+      CodedOutputStream out,
+      Map<K, V> m,
+      MapEntry<K, V> defaultEntry,
+      int fieldNumber)
+      throws IOException {
+    for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : m.entrySet()) {
+      out.writeMessage(fieldNumber,
+          defaultEntry.newBuilderForType()
+              .setKey(entry.getKey())
+              .setValue(entry.getValue())
+              .build());
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Internal.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Internal.java
index 3b4a0412..c234559c 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Internal.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/Internal.java
@@ -60,6 +60,16 @@ public final class Internal {
   static final Charset ISO_8859_1 = Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1");
 
   /**
+   * Throws an appropriate {@link NullPointerException} if the given objects is {@code null}.
+   */
+  static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj, String message) {
+    if (obj == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException(message);
+    }
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  /**
    * Helper called by generated code to construct default values for string
    * fields.
    * <p>
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.java
index 85ce7b24..55e33d21 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/InvalidProtocolBufferException.java
@@ -107,11 +107,23 @@ public class InvalidProtocolBufferException extends IOException {
       "Protocol message end-group tag did not match expected tag.");
   }
 
-  static InvalidProtocolBufferException invalidWireType() {
-    return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
+  static InvalidWireTypeException invalidWireType() {
+    return new InvalidWireTypeException(
       "Protocol message tag had invalid wire type.");
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Exception indicating that and unexpected wire type was encountered for a field.
+   */
+  @ExperimentalApi
+  public static class InvalidWireTypeException extends InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3283890091615336259L;
+
+    public InvalidWireTypeException(String description) {
+      super(description);
+    }
+  }
+
   static InvalidProtocolBufferException recursionLimitExceeded() {
     return new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
       "Protocol message had too many levels of nesting.  May be malicious.  " +
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntry.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntry.java
index 117cd911..4f0351f4 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntry.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/MapEntry.java
@@ -334,6 +334,15 @@ public final class MapEntry<K, V> extends AbstractMessage {
       } else {
         if (field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM) {
           value = ((EnumValueDescriptor) value).getNumber();
+        } else if (field.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.MESSAGE) {
+          if (value != null && !metadata.defaultValue.getClass().isInstance(value)) {
+            // The value is not the exact right message type.  However, if it
+            // is an alternative implementation of the same type -- e.g. a
+            // DynamicMessage -- we should accept it.  In this case we can make
+            // a copy of the message.
+            value =
+                ((Message) metadata.defaultValue).toBuilder().mergeFrom((Message) value).build();
+          }
         }
         setValue((V) value);
       }
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteString.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteString.java
index 6163c7b1..76594809 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteString.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteString.java
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 
 package com.google.protobuf;
 
+import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.checkNotNull;
+
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
@@ -49,10 +51,9 @@ final class NioByteString extends ByteString.LeafByteString {
   private final ByteBuffer buffer;
 
   NioByteString(ByteBuffer buffer) {
-    if (buffer == null) {
-      throw new NullPointerException("buffer");
-    }
+    checkNotNull(buffer, "buffer");
 
+    // Use native byte order for fast fixed32/64 operations.
     this.buffer = buffer.slice().order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
   }
 
@@ -266,7 +267,7 @@ final class NioByteString extends ByteString.LeafByteString {
 
   @Override
   public CodedInputStream newCodedInput() {
-    return CodedInputStream.newInstance(buffer);
+    return CodedInputStream.newInstance(buffer, true);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteString.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteString.java
index 3f3e9bd1..6fa555df 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteString.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/RopeByteString.java
@@ -406,6 +406,7 @@ final class RopeByteString extends ByteString {
     right.writeTo(output);
   }
 
+
   @Override
   protected String toStringInternal(Charset charset) {
     return new String(toByteArray(), charset);
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormat.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormat.java
index ff13675d..49708242 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormat.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormat.java
@@ -1576,14 +1576,22 @@ public final class TextFormat {
       // Support specifying repeated field values as a comma-separated list.
       // Ex."foo: [1, 2, 3]"
       if (field.isRepeated() && tokenizer.tryConsume("[")) {
-        while (true) {
-          consumeFieldValue(tokenizer, extensionRegistry, target, field, extension,
-              parseTreeBuilder, unknownFields);
-          if (tokenizer.tryConsume("]")) {
-            // End of list.
-            break;
+        if (!tokenizer.tryConsume("]")) {  // Allow "foo: []" to be treated as empty.
+          while (true) {
+            consumeFieldValue(
+                tokenizer,
+                extensionRegistry,
+                target,
+                field,
+                extension,
+                parseTreeBuilder,
+                unknownFields);
+            if (tokenizer.tryConsume("]")) {
+              // End of list.
+              break;
+            }
+            tokenizer.consume(",");
           }
-          tokenizer.consume(",");
         }
       } else {
         consumeFieldValue(tokenizer, extensionRegistry, target, field,
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseInfoTree.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseInfoTree.java
index 5c43b2c3..0127ce92 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseInfoTree.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatParseInfoTree.java
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ import java.util.Map.Entry;
  *
  * <p>The locations of primary fields values are retrieved by {@code getLocation} or
  * {@code getLocations}.  The locations of sub message values are within nested
- * {@code TextFormatParseInfoTree}s and are retrieve by {@code getNestedTree} or {@code getNestedTrees}.
+ * {@code TextFormatParseInfoTree}s and are retrieve by {@code getNestedTree} or
+ * {@code getNestedTrees}.
  *
  * <p>The {@code TextFormatParseInfoTree} is created by a Builder.
  */
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeByteOperations.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeByteOperations.java
index e72a6b4d..878c7758 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeByteOperations.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeByteOperations.java
@@ -67,16 +67,34 @@ public final class UnsafeByteOperations {
   /**
    * An unsafe operation that returns a {@link ByteString} that is backed by the provided buffer.
    *
+   * @param buffer the buffer to be wrapped
+   * @return a {@link ByteString} backed by the provided buffer
+   */
+  public static ByteString unsafeWrap(byte[] buffer) {
+    return ByteString.wrap(buffer);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An unsafe operation that returns a {@link ByteString} that is backed by a subregion of the
+   * provided buffer.
+   *
+   * @param buffer the buffer to be wrapped
+   * @param offset the offset of the wrapped region
+   * @param length the number of bytes of the wrapped region
+   * @return a {@link ByteString} backed by the provided buffer
+   */
+  public static ByteString unsafeWrap(byte[] buffer, int offset, int length) {
+    return ByteString.wrap(buffer, offset, length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * An unsafe operation that returns a {@link ByteString} that is backed by the provided buffer.
+   *
    * @param buffer the Java NIO buffer to be wrapped
    * @return a {@link ByteString} backed by the provided buffer
    */
   public static ByteString unsafeWrap(ByteBuffer buffer) {
-    if (buffer.hasArray()) {
-      final int offset = buffer.arrayOffset();
-      return ByteString.wrap(buffer.array(), offset + buffer.position(), buffer.remaining());
-    } else {
-      return new NioByteString(buffer);
-    }
+    return ByteString.wrap(buffer);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -98,4 +116,5 @@ public final class UnsafeByteOperations {
   public static void unsafeWriteTo(ByteString bytes, ByteOutput output) throws IOException {
     bytes.writeTo(output);
   }
+
 }
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeUtil.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeUtil.java
index 6a4787d1..5f7bafd6 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeUtil.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/UnsafeUtil.java
@@ -30,17 +30,14 @@
 
 package com.google.protobuf;
 
-import sun.misc.Unsafe;
-
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.nio.Buffer;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.security.AccessController;
 import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
+import sun.misc.Unsafe;
 
-/**
- * Utility class for working with unsafe operations.
- */
+/** Utility class for working with unsafe operations. */
 // TODO(nathanmittler): Add support for Android Memory/MemoryBlock
 final class UnsafeUtil {
   private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE = getUnsafe();
@@ -50,8 +47,7 @@ final class UnsafeUtil {
   private static final long ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET = byteArrayBaseOffset();
   private static final long BUFFER_ADDRESS_OFFSET = fieldOffset(field(Buffer.class, "address"));
 
-  private UnsafeUtil() {
-  }
+  private UnsafeUtil() {}
 
   static boolean hasUnsafeArrayOperations() {
     return HAS_UNSAFE_ARRAY_OPERATIONS;
@@ -61,27 +57,83 @@ final class UnsafeUtil {
     return HAS_UNSAFE_BYTEBUFFER_OPERATIONS;
   }
 
+  static Object allocateInstance(Class<?> clazz) {
+    try {
+      return UNSAFE.allocateInstance(clazz);
+    } catch (InstantiationException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static long objectFieldOffset(Field field) {
+    return UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(field);
+  }
+
   static long getArrayBaseOffset() {
     return ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET;
   }
 
-  static byte getByte(byte[] target, long offset) {
+  static byte getByte(Object target, long offset) {
     return UNSAFE.getByte(target, offset);
   }
 
-  static void putByte(byte[] target, long offset, byte value) {
+  static void putByte(Object target, long offset, byte value) {
     UNSAFE.putByte(target, offset, value);
   }
 
-  static void copyMemory(
-      byte[] src, long srcOffset, byte[] target, long targetOffset, long length) {
-    UNSAFE.copyMemory(src, srcOffset, target, targetOffset, length);
+  static int getInt(Object target, long offset) {
+    return UNSAFE.getInt(target, offset);
   }
 
-  static long getLong(byte[] target, long offset) {
+  static void putInt(Object target, long offset, int value) {
+    UNSAFE.putInt(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static long getLong(Object target, long offset) {
     return UNSAFE.getLong(target, offset);
   }
 
+  static void putLong(Object target, long offset, long value) {
+    UNSAFE.putLong(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static boolean getBoolean(Object target, long offset) {
+    return UNSAFE.getBoolean(target, offset);
+  }
+
+  static void putBoolean(Object target, long offset, boolean value) {
+    UNSAFE.putBoolean(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static float getFloat(Object target, long offset) {
+    return UNSAFE.getFloat(target, offset);
+  }
+
+  static void putFloat(Object target, long offset, float value) {
+    UNSAFE.putFloat(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static double getDouble(Object target, long offset) {
+    return UNSAFE.getDouble(target, offset);
+  }
+
+  static void putDouble(Object target, long offset, double value) {
+    UNSAFE.putDouble(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static Object getObject(Object target, long offset) {
+    return UNSAFE.getObject(target, offset);
+  }
+
+  static void putObject(Object target, long offset, Object value) {
+    UNSAFE.putObject(target, offset, value);
+  }
+
+  static void copyMemory(
+      Object src, long srcOffset, Object target, long targetOffset, long length) {
+    UNSAFE.copyMemory(src, srcOffset, target, targetOffset, length);
+  }
+
   static byte getByte(long address) {
     return UNSAFE.getByte(address);
   }
@@ -90,14 +142,30 @@ final class UnsafeUtil {
     UNSAFE.putByte(address, value);
   }
 
+  static int getInt(long address) {
+    return UNSAFE.getInt(address);
+  }
+
+  static void putInt(long address, int value) {
+    UNSAFE.putInt(address, value);
+  }
+
   static long getLong(long address) {
     return UNSAFE.getLong(address);
   }
 
+  static void putLong(long address, long value) {
+    UNSAFE.putLong(address, value);
+  }
+
   static void copyMemory(long srcAddress, long targetAddress, long length) {
     UNSAFE.copyMemory(srcAddress, targetAddress, length);
   }
 
+  static void setMemory(long address, long numBytes, byte value) {
+    UNSAFE.setMemory(address, numBytes, value);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Gets the offset of the {@code address} field of the given direct {@link ByteBuffer}.
    */
@@ -136,18 +204,29 @@ final class UnsafeUtil {
     return unsafe;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Indicates whether or not unsafe array operations are supported on this platform.
-   */
+  /** Indicates whether or not unsafe array operations are supported on this platform. */
   private static boolean supportsUnsafeArrayOperations() {
     boolean supported = false;
     if (UNSAFE != null) {
       try {
         Class<?> clazz = UNSAFE.getClass();
+        clazz.getMethod("objectFieldOffset", Field.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("allocateInstance", Class.class);
         clazz.getMethod("arrayBaseOffset", Class.class);
         clazz.getMethod("getByte", Object.class, long.class);
         clazz.getMethod("putByte", Object.class, long.class, byte.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("getBoolean", Object.class, long.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("putBoolean", Object.class, long.class, boolean.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("getInt", Object.class, long.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("putInt", Object.class, long.class, int.class);
         clazz.getMethod("getLong", Object.class, long.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("putLong", Object.class, long.class, long.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("getFloat", Object.class, long.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("putFloat", Object.class, long.class, float.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("getDouble", Object.class, long.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("putDouble", Object.class, long.class, double.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("getObject", Object.class, long.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("putObject", Object.class, long.class, Object.class);
         clazz.getMethod(
             "copyMemory", Object.class, long.class, Object.class, long.class, long.class);
         supported = true;
@@ -163,11 +242,17 @@ final class UnsafeUtil {
     if (UNSAFE != null) {
       try {
         Class<?> clazz = UNSAFE.getClass();
+        // Methods for getting direct buffer address.
         clazz.getMethod("objectFieldOffset", Field.class);
-        clazz.getMethod("getByte", long.class);
         clazz.getMethod("getLong", Object.class, long.class);
+
+        clazz.getMethod("getByte", long.class);
         clazz.getMethod("putByte", long.class, byte.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("getInt", long.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("putInt", long.class, int.class);
         clazz.getMethod("getLong", long.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("putLong", long.class, long.class);
+        clazz.getMethod("setMemory", long.class, long.class, byte.class);
         clazz.getMethod("copyMemory", long.class, long.class, long.class);
         supported = true;
       } catch (Throwable e) {
diff --git a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormat.java b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormat.java
index 6a58b081..0b0cdb7d 100644
--- a/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormat.java
+++ b/java/core/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormat.java
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ public final class WireFormat {
   // Do not allow instantiation.
   private WireFormat() {}
 
+  static final int FIXED_32_SIZE = 4;
+  static final int FIXED_64_SIZE = 8;
+  static final int MAX_VARINT_SIZE = 10;
+
   public static final int WIRETYPE_VARINT           = 0;
   public static final int WIRETYPE_FIXED64          = 1;
   public static final int WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED = 2;
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageTest.java
index 7dc9fc15..622e36a4 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageTest.java
@@ -40,9 +40,8 @@ import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequiredForeign;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestUnpackedTypes;
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.Map;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for {@link AbstractMessage}.
@@ -492,7 +491,6 @@ public class AbstractMessageTest extends TestCase {
     checkEqualsIsConsistent(eUnknownFields, eUnknownFields2);
   }
 
-
   /**
    * Asserts that the given proto has symmetric equals and hashCode methods.
    */
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayListTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayListTest.java
index ec139225..18132e9e 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayListTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/BooleanArrayListTest.java
@@ -32,11 +32,10 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
 import java.util.Iterator;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link BooleanArrayList}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriterTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriterTest.java
index cbe742e5..6b1cfe78 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriterTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteBufferWriterTest.java
@@ -30,13 +30,12 @@
 
 package com.google.protobuf;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Random;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link ByteBufferWriter}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteStringTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteStringTest.java
index ad9f266e..be71f1f5 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteStringTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ByteStringTest.java
@@ -31,9 +31,6 @@
 package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import com.google.protobuf.ByteString.Output;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -48,6 +45,7 @@ import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
 import java.util.Random;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Test methods with implementations in {@link ByteString}, plus do some top-level "integration"
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java
index ca940ced..e2ab0df9 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedInputStreamTest.java
@@ -30,20 +30,20 @@
 
 package com.google.protobuf;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.BoolMessage;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.Int32Message;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.Int64Message;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRecursiveMessage;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.FilterInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for {@link CodedInputStream}.
@@ -51,10 +51,45 @@ import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
  */
 public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
+  private enum InputType {
+    ARRAY {
+      @Override
+      CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
+        return CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
+      }
+    },
+    NIO_HEAP {
+      @Override
+      CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
+        return CodedInputStream.newInstance(ByteBuffer.wrap(data));
+      }
+    },
+    NIO_DIRECT {
+      @Override
+      CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(data.length);
+        buffer.put(data);
+        buffer.flip();
+        return CodedInputStream.newInstance(buffer);
+      }
+    },
+    STREAM {
+      @Override
+      CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
+        return CodedInputStream.newInstance(new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
+      }
+    };
+
+    CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data) {
+      return newDecoder(data, data.length);
+    }
+
+    abstract CodedInputStream newDecoder(byte[] data, int blockSize);
+  }
+
   /**
-   * Helper to construct a byte array from a bunch of bytes.  The inputs are
-   * actually ints so that I can use hex notation and not get stupid errors
-   * about precision.
+   * Helper to construct a byte array from a bunch of bytes. The inputs are actually ints so that I
+   * can use hex notation and not get stupid errors about precision.
    */
   private byte[] bytes(int... bytesAsInts) {
     byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesAsInts.length];
@@ -65,19 +100,14 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
   }
 
   /**
-   * An InputStream which limits the number of bytes it reads at a time.
-   * We use this to make sure that CodedInputStream doesn't screw up when
-   * reading in small blocks.
+   * An InputStream which limits the number of bytes it reads at a time. We use this to make sure
+   * that CodedInputStream doesn't screw up when reading in small blocks.
    */
   private static final class SmallBlockInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
     private final int blockSize;
 
     public SmallBlockInputStream(byte[] data, int blockSize) {
-      this(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), blockSize);
-    }
-
-    public SmallBlockInputStream(InputStream in, int blockSize) {
-      super(in);
+      super(new ByteArrayInputStream(data));
       this.blockSize = blockSize;
     }
 
@@ -92,54 +122,36 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     }
   }
 
-  private void assertDataConsumed(byte[] data, CodedInputStream input)
+  private void assertDataConsumed(String msg, byte[] data, CodedInputStream input)
       throws IOException {
-    assertEquals(data.length, input.getTotalBytesRead());
-    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+    assertEquals(msg, data.length, input.getTotalBytesRead());
+    assertTrue(msg, input.isAtEnd());
   }
 
   /**
-   * Parses the given bytes using readRawVarint32() and readRawVarint64() and
-   * checks that the result matches the given value.
+   * Parses the given bytes using readRawVarint32() and readRawVarint64() and checks that the result
+   * matches the given value.
    */
   private void assertReadVarint(byte[] data, long value) throws Exception {
-    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
-    assertEquals((int) value, input.readRawVarint32());
-    assertDataConsumed(data, input);
-
-    input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
-    assertEquals(value, input.readRawVarint64());
-    assertDataConsumed(data, input);
-
-    input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
-    assertEquals(value, input.readRawVarint64SlowPath());
-    assertDataConsumed(data, input);
-
-    input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
-    assertTrue(input.skipField(WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT));
-    assertDataConsumed(data, input);
-
-    // Try different block sizes.
-    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
-      input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
-        new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
-      assertEquals((int) value, input.readRawVarint32());
-      assertDataConsumed(data, input);
-
-      input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
-        new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
-      assertEquals(value, input.readRawVarint64());
-      assertDataConsumed(data, input);
-
-      input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
-        new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
-      assertEquals(value, input.readRawVarint64SlowPath());
-      assertDataConsumed(data, input);
-
-      input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
-        new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
-      assertTrue(input.skipField(WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT));
-      assertDataConsumed(data, input);
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      // Try different block sizes.
+      for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data, blockSize);
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), (int) value, input.readRawVarint32());
+        assertDataConsumed(inputType.name(), data, input);
+
+        input = inputType.newDecoder(data, blockSize);
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), value, input.readRawVarint64());
+        assertDataConsumed(inputType.name(), data, input);
+
+        input = inputType.newDecoder(data, blockSize);
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), value, input.readRawVarint64SlowPath());
+        assertDataConsumed(inputType.name(), data, input);
+
+        input = inputType.newDecoder(data, blockSize);
+        assertTrue(inputType.name(), input.skipField(WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT));
+        assertDataConsumed(inputType.name(), data, input);
+      }
     }
 
     // Try reading direct from an InputStream.  We want to verify that it
@@ -153,35 +165,26 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Parses the given bytes using readRawVarint32() and readRawVarint64() and
-   * expects them to fail with an InvalidProtocolBufferException whose
-   * description matches the given one.
+   * Parses the given bytes using readRawVarint32() and readRawVarint64() and expects them to fail
+   * with an InvalidProtocolBufferException whose description matches the given one.
    */
-  private void assertReadVarintFailure(
-      InvalidProtocolBufferException expected, byte[] data)
+  private void assertReadVarintFailure(InvalidProtocolBufferException expected, byte[] data)
       throws Exception {
-    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
-    try {
-      input.readRawVarint32();
-      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
-    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-      assertEquals(expected.getMessage(), e.getMessage());
-    }
-
-    input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
-    try {
-      input.readRawVarint64();
-      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
-    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-      assertEquals(expected.getMessage(), e.getMessage());
-    }
-
-    input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
-    try {
-      input.readRawVarint64SlowPath();
-      fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
-    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-      assertEquals(expected.getMessage(), e.getMessage());
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      try {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+        input.readRawVarint32();
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception.");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), expected.getMessage(), e.getMessage());
+      }
+      try {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+        input.readRawVarint64();
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception.");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), expected.getMessage(), e.getMessage());
+      }
     }
 
     // Make sure we get the same error when reading direct from an InputStream.
@@ -201,72 +204,74 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     // 14882
     assertReadVarint(bytes(0xa2, 0x74), (0x22 << 0) | (0x74 << 7));
     // 2961488830
-    assertReadVarint(bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b),
-      (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
-      (0x0bL << 28));
+    assertReadVarint(
+        bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x0b),
+        (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) | (0x0bL << 28));
 
     // 64-bit
     // 7256456126
-    assertReadVarint(bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b),
-      (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) |
-      (0x1bL << 28));
+    assertReadVarint(
+        bytes(0xbe, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x84, 0x1b),
+        (0x3e << 0) | (0x77 << 7) | (0x12 << 14) | (0x04 << 21) | (0x1bL << 28));
     // 41256202580718336
     assertReadVarint(
-      bytes(0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49),
-      (0x00 << 0) | (0x66 << 7) | (0x6b << 14) | (0x1c << 21) |
-      (0x43L << 28) | (0x49L << 35) | (0x24L << 42) | (0x49L << 49));
+        bytes(0x80, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x9c, 0xc3, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0x49),
+        (0x00 << 0)
+            | (0x66 << 7)
+            | (0x6b << 14)
+            | (0x1c << 21)
+            | (0x43L << 28)
+            | (0x49L << 35)
+            | (0x24L << 42)
+            | (0x49L << 49));
     // 11964378330978735131
     assertReadVarint(
-      bytes(0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01),
-      (0x1b << 0) | (0x28 << 7) | (0x79 << 14) | (0x42 << 21) |
-      (0x3bL << 28) | (0x56L << 35) | (0x00L << 42) |
-      (0x05L << 49) | (0x26L << 56) | (0x01L << 63));
+        bytes(0x9b, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0x80, 0x85, 0xa6, 0x01),
+        (0x1b << 0)
+            | (0x28 << 7)
+            | (0x79 << 14)
+            | (0x42 << 21)
+            | (0x3bL << 28)
+            | (0x56L << 35)
+            | (0x00L << 42)
+            | (0x05L << 49)
+            | (0x26L << 56)
+            | (0x01L << 63));
 
     // Failures
     assertReadVarintFailure(
-      InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint(),
-      bytes(0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
-            0x00));
-    assertReadVarintFailure(
-      InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage(),
-      bytes(0x80));
+        InvalidProtocolBufferException.malformedVarint(),
+        bytes(0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00));
+    assertReadVarintFailure(InvalidProtocolBufferException.truncatedMessage(), bytes(0x80));
   }
 
   /**
-   * Parses the given bytes using readRawLittleEndian32() and checks
-   * that the result matches the given value.
+   * Parses the given bytes using readRawLittleEndian32() and checks that the result matches the
+   * given value.
    */
-  private void assertReadLittleEndian32(byte[] data, int value)
-                                        throws Exception {
-    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
-    assertEquals(value, input.readRawLittleEndian32());
-    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
-
-    // Try different block sizes.
-    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
-      input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
-        new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
-      assertEquals(value, input.readRawLittleEndian32());
-      assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+  private void assertReadLittleEndian32(byte[] data, int value) throws Exception {
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      // Try different block sizes.
+      for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data, blockSize);
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), value, input.readRawLittleEndian32());
+        assertTrue(inputType.name(), input.isAtEnd());
+      }
     }
   }
 
   /**
-   * Parses the given bytes using readRawLittleEndian64() and checks
-   * that the result matches the given value.
+   * Parses the given bytes using readRawLittleEndian64() and checks that the result matches the
+   * given value.
    */
-  private void assertReadLittleEndian64(byte[] data, long value)
-                                        throws Exception {
-    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
-    assertEquals(value, input.readRawLittleEndian64());
-    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
-
-    // Try different block sizes.
-    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
-      input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
-        new SmallBlockInputStream(data, blockSize));
-      assertEquals(value, input.readRawLittleEndian64());
-      assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+  private void assertReadLittleEndian64(byte[] data, long value) throws Exception {
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      // Try different block sizes.
+      for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize <= 16; blockSize *= 2) {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data, blockSize);
+        assertEquals(inputType.name(), value, input.readRawLittleEndian64());
+        assertTrue(inputType.name(), input.isAtEnd());
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -276,40 +281,32 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     assertReadLittleEndian32(bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a), 0x9abcdef0);
 
     assertReadLittleEndian64(
-      bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12),
-      0x123456789abcdef0L);
+        bytes(0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12), 0x123456789abcdef0L);
     assertReadLittleEndian64(
-      bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a),
-      0x9abcdef012345678L);
+        bytes(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12, 0xf0, 0xde, 0xbc, 0x9a), 0x9abcdef012345678L);
   }
 
   /** Test decodeZigZag32() and decodeZigZag64(). */
   public void testDecodeZigZag() throws Exception {
-    assertEquals( 0, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0));
+    assertEquals(0, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0));
     assertEquals(-1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(1));
-    assertEquals( 1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(2));
+    assertEquals(1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(2));
     assertEquals(-2, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(3));
     assertEquals(0x3FFFFFFF, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFE));
     assertEquals(0xC0000000, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0x7FFFFFFF));
     assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFF, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0xFFFFFFFE));
     assertEquals(0x80000000, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag32(0xFFFFFFFF));
 
-    assertEquals( 0, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0));
+    assertEquals(0, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0));
     assertEquals(-1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(1));
-    assertEquals( 1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(2));
+    assertEquals(1, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(2));
     assertEquals(-2, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(3));
-    assertEquals(0x000000003FFFFFFFL,
-                 CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFEL));
-    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFFC0000000L,
-                 CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFFL));
-    assertEquals(0x000000007FFFFFFFL,
-                 CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x00000000FFFFFFFEL));
-    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFF80000000L,
-                 CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x00000000FFFFFFFFL));
-    assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL,
-                 CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEL));
-    assertEquals(0x8000000000000000L,
-                 CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0x000000003FFFFFFFL, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFEL));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFFC0000000L, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x000000007FFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0x000000007FFFFFFFL, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x00000000FFFFFFFEL));
+    assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFF80000000L, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0x00000000FFFFFFFFL));
+    assertEquals(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEL));
+    assertEquals(0x8000000000000000L, CodedInputStream.decodeZigZag64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL));
   }
 
   /** Tests reading and parsing a whole message with every field type. */
@@ -319,14 +316,12 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     byte[] rawBytes = message.toByteArray();
     assertEquals(rawBytes.length, message.getSerializedSize());
 
-    TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(rawBytes);
-    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
-
-    // Try different block sizes.
-    for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2) {
-      message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(
-        new SmallBlockInputStream(rawBytes, blockSize));
-      TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      // Try different block sizes.
+      for (int blockSize = 1; blockSize < 256; blockSize *= 2) {
+        TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(inputType.newDecoder(rawBytes, blockSize));
+        TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message2);
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -335,57 +330,65 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     TestAllTypes message = TestUtil.getAllSet();
     byte[] rawBytes = message.toByteArray();
 
-    // Create two parallel inputs.  Parse one as unknown fields while using
-    // skipField() to skip each field on the other.  Expect the same tags.
-    CodedInputStream input1 = CodedInputStream.newInstance(rawBytes);
-    CodedInputStream input2 = CodedInputStream.newInstance(rawBytes);
+    InputType[] inputTypes = InputType.values();
+    CodedInputStream[] inputs = new CodedInputStream[inputTypes.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < inputs.length; ++i) {
+      inputs[i] = inputTypes[i].newDecoder(rawBytes);
+    }
     UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields = UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
 
     while (true) {
+      CodedInputStream input1 = inputs[0];
       int tag = input1.readTag();
-      assertEquals(tag, input2.readTag());
+      // Ensure that the rest match.
+      for (int i = 1; i < inputs.length; ++i) {
+        assertEquals(inputTypes[i].name(), tag, inputs[i].readTag());
+      }
       if (tag == 0) {
         break;
       }
       unknownFields.mergeFieldFrom(tag, input1);
-      input2.skipField(tag);
+      // Skip the field for the rest of the inputs.
+      for (int i = 1; i < inputs.length; ++i) {
+        inputs[i].skipField(tag);
+      }
     }
   }
 
 
   /**
-   * Test that a bug in skipRawBytes() has been fixed:  if the skip skips
-   * exactly up to a limit, this should not break things.
+   * Test that a bug in skipRawBytes() has been fixed: if the skip skips exactly up to a limit, this
+   * should not break things.
    */
   public void testSkipRawBytesBug() throws Exception {
-    byte[] rawBytes = new byte[] { 1, 2 };
-    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(rawBytes);
-
-    int limit = input.pushLimit(1);
-    input.skipRawBytes(1);
-    input.popLimit(limit);
-    assertEquals(2, input.readRawByte());
+    byte[] rawBytes = new byte[] {1, 2};
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(rawBytes);
+      int limit = input.pushLimit(1);
+      input.skipRawBytes(1);
+      input.popLimit(limit);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 2, input.readRawByte());
+    }
   }
 
   /**
-   * Test that a bug in skipRawBytes() has been fixed:  if the skip skips
-   * past the end of a buffer with a limit that has been set past the end of
-   * that buffer, this should not break things.
+   * Test that a bug in skipRawBytes() has been fixed: if the skip skips past the end of a buffer
+   * with a limit that has been set past the end of that buffer, this should not break things.
    */
   public void testSkipRawBytesPastEndOfBufferWithLimit() throws Exception {
-    byte[] rawBytes = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
-    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
-        new SmallBlockInputStream(rawBytes, 3));
-
-    int limit = input.pushLimit(4);
-    // In order to expose the bug we need to read at least one byte to prime the
-    // buffer inside the CodedInputStream.
-    assertEquals(1, input.readRawByte());
-    // Skip to the end of the limit.
-    input.skipRawBytes(3);
-    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
-    input.popLimit(limit);
-    assertEquals(5, input.readRawByte());
+    byte[] rawBytes = new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(rawBytes);
+      int limit = input.pushLimit(4);
+      // In order to expose the bug we need to read at least one byte to prime the
+      // buffer inside the CodedInputStream.
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, input.readRawByte());
+      // Skip to the end of the limit.
+      input.skipRawBytes(3);
+      assertTrue(inputType.name(), input.isAtEnd());
+      input.popLimit(limit);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 5, input.readRawByte());
+    }
   }
 
   public void testReadHugeBlob() throws Exception {
@@ -401,19 +404,22 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     builder.setOptionalBytes(ByteString.copyFrom(blob));
     TestAllTypes message = builder.build();
 
-    // Serialize and parse it.  Make sure to parse from an InputStream, not
-    // directly from a ByteString, so that CodedInputStream uses buffered
-    // reading.
-    TestAllTypes message2 =
-      TestAllTypes.parseFrom(message.toByteString().newInput());
-
-    assertEquals(message.getOptionalBytes(), message2.getOptionalBytes());
-
-    // Make sure all the other fields were parsed correctly.
-    TestAllTypes message3 = TestAllTypes.newBuilder(message2)
-      .setOptionalBytes(TestUtil.getAllSet().getOptionalBytes())
-      .build();
-    TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message3);
+    byte[] data = message.toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      // Serialize and parse it.  Make sure to parse from an InputStream, not
+      // directly from a ByteString, so that CodedInputStream uses buffered
+      // reading.
+      TestAllTypes message2 = TestAllTypes.parseFrom(inputType.newDecoder(data));
+
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), message.getOptionalBytes(), message2.getOptionalBytes());
+
+      // Make sure all the other fields were parsed correctly.
+      TestAllTypes message3 =
+          TestAllTypes.newBuilder(message2)
+              .setOptionalBytes(TestUtil.getAllSet().getOptionalBytes())
+              .build();
+      TestUtil.assertAllFieldsSet(message3);
+    }
   }
 
   public void testReadMaliciouslyLargeBlob() throws Exception {
@@ -423,17 +429,19 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     int tag = WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
     output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
     output.writeRawVarint32(0x7FFFFFFF);
-    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[32]);  // Pad with a few random bytes.
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[32]); // Pad with a few random bytes.
     output.flush();
 
-    CodedInputStream input = rawOutput.toByteString().newCodedInput();
-    assertEquals(tag, input.readTag());
-
-    try {
-      input.readBytes();
-      fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
-    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-      // success.
+    byte[] data = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+      assertEquals(tag, input.readTag());
+      try {
+        input.readBytes();
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception!");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // success.
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -441,54 +449,55 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     if (depth == 0) {
       return TestRecursiveMessage.newBuilder().setI(5).build();
     } else {
-      return TestRecursiveMessage.newBuilder()
-        .setA(makeRecursiveMessage(depth - 1)).build();
+      return TestRecursiveMessage.newBuilder().setA(makeRecursiveMessage(depth - 1)).build();
     }
   }
 
-  private void assertMessageDepth(TestRecursiveMessage message, int depth) {
+  private void assertMessageDepth(String msg, TestRecursiveMessage message, int depth) {
     if (depth == 0) {
-      assertFalse(message.hasA());
-      assertEquals(5, message.getI());
+      assertFalse(msg, message.hasA());
+      assertEquals(msg, 5, message.getI());
     } else {
-      assertTrue(message.hasA());
-      assertMessageDepth(message.getA(), depth - 1);
+      assertTrue(msg, message.hasA());
+      assertMessageDepth(msg, message.getA(), depth - 1);
     }
   }
 
   public void testMaliciousRecursion() throws Exception {
-    ByteString data100 = makeRecursiveMessage(100).toByteString();
-    ByteString data101 = makeRecursiveMessage(101).toByteString();
+    byte[] data100 = makeRecursiveMessage(100).toByteArray();
+    byte[] data101 = makeRecursiveMessage(101).toByteArray();
 
-    assertMessageDepth(TestRecursiveMessage.parseFrom(data100), 100);
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      assertMessageDepth(
+          inputType.name(), TestRecursiveMessage.parseFrom(inputType.newDecoder(data100)), 100);
 
-    try {
-      TestRecursiveMessage.parseFrom(data101);
-      fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
-    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-      // success.
-    }
+      try {
+        TestRecursiveMessage.parseFrom(inputType.newDecoder(data101));
+        fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // success.
+      }
 
-    CodedInputStream input = data100.newCodedInput();
-    input.setRecursionLimit(8);
-    try {
-      TestRecursiveMessage.parseFrom(input);
-      fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
-    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-      // success.
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data100);
+      input.setRecursionLimit(8);
+      try {
+        TestRecursiveMessage.parseFrom(input);
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception!");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // success.
+      }
     }
   }
 
   private void checkSizeLimitExceeded(InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-      assertEquals(
-          InvalidProtocolBufferException.sizeLimitExceeded().getMessage(),
-          e.getMessage());
+    assertEquals(InvalidProtocolBufferException.sizeLimitExceeded().getMessage(), e.getMessage());
   }
 
   public void testSizeLimit() throws Exception {
-    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
-        new SmallBlockInputStream(
-            TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteString().newInput(), 16));
+    // NOTE: Size limit only applies to the stream-backed CIS.
+    CodedInputStream input =
+        CodedInputStream.newInstance(
+            new SmallBlockInputStream(TestUtil.getAllSet().toByteArray(), 16));
     input.setSizeLimit(16);
 
     try {
@@ -500,8 +509,9 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
   }
 
   public void testResetSizeCounter() throws Exception {
-    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
-        new SmallBlockInputStream(new byte[256], 8));
+    // NOTE: Size limit only applies to the stream-backed CIS.
+    CodedInputStream input =
+        CodedInputStream.newInstance(new SmallBlockInputStream(new byte[256], 8));
     input.setSizeLimit(16);
     input.readRawBytes(16);
     assertEquals(16, input.getTotalBytesRead());
@@ -515,7 +525,7 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
 
     input.resetSizeCounter();
     assertEquals(0, input.getTotalBytesRead());
-    input.readRawByte();  // No exception thrown.
+    input.readRawByte(); // No exception thrown.
     input.resetSizeCounter();
     assertEquals(0, input.getTotalBytesRead());
     input.readRawBytes(16);
@@ -523,7 +533,7 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     input.resetSizeCounter();
 
     try {
-      input.readRawBytes(17);  // Hits limit again.
+      input.readRawBytes(17); // Hits limit again.
       fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
     } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException expected) {
       checkSizeLimitExceeded(expected);
@@ -531,12 +541,12 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
   }
 
   public void testSizeLimitMultipleMessages() throws Exception {
+    // NOTE: Size limit only applies to the stream-backed CIS.
     byte[] bytes = new byte[256];
     for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
       bytes[i] = (byte) i;
     }
-    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(
-        new SmallBlockInputStream(bytes, 7));
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(new SmallBlockInputStream(bytes, 7));
     input.setSizeLimit(16);
     for (int i = 0; i < 256 / 16; i++) {
       byte[] message = input.readRawBytes(16);
@@ -566,12 +576,13 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
     output.flush();
 
-    CodedInputStream input =
-        CodedInputStream.newInstance(
-            new ByteArrayInputStream(rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray()));
-    assertEquals(tag, input.readTag());
-    String text = input.readString();
-    assertEquals(lorem, text);
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(rawInput);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), tag, input.readTag());
+      String text = input.readString();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), lorem, text);
+    }
   }
 
   public void testReadStringRequireUtf8() throws Exception {
@@ -591,18 +602,18 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
     output.flush();
 
-    CodedInputStream input =
-        CodedInputStream.newInstance(
-            new ByteArrayInputStream(rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray()));
-    assertEquals(tag, input.readTag());
-    String text = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
-    assertEquals(lorem, text);
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(rawInput);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), tag, input.readTag());
+      String text = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), lorem, text);
+    }
   }
 
   /**
-   * Tests that if we readString invalid UTF-8 bytes, no exception
-   * is thrown.  Instead, the invalid bytes are replaced with the Unicode
-   * "replacement character" U+FFFD.
+   * Tests that if we readString invalid UTF-8 bytes, no exception is thrown. Instead, the invalid
+   * bytes are replaced with the Unicode "replacement character" U+FFFD.
    */
   public void testReadStringInvalidUtf8() throws Exception {
     ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
@@ -611,18 +622,21 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     int tag = WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
     output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
     output.writeRawVarint32(1);
-    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] { (byte) 0x80 });
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 0x80});
     output.flush();
 
-    CodedInputStream input = rawOutput.toByteString().newCodedInput();
-    assertEquals(tag, input.readTag());
-    String text = input.readString();
-    assertEquals(0xfffd, text.charAt(0));
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(rawInput);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), tag, input.readTag());
+      String text = input.readString();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 0xfffd, text.charAt(0));
+    }
   }
 
   /**
-   * Tests that if we readStringRequireUtf8 invalid UTF-8 bytes, an
-   * InvalidProtocolBufferException is thrown.
+   * Tests that if we readStringRequireUtf8 invalid UTF-8 bytes, an InvalidProtocolBufferException
+   * is thrown.
    */
   public void testReadStringRequireUtf8InvalidUtf8() throws Exception {
     ByteString.Output rawOutput = ByteString.newOutput();
@@ -631,16 +645,20 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     int tag = WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
     output.writeRawVarint32(tag);
     output.writeRawVarint32(1);
-    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] { (byte) 0x80 });
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 0x80});
     output.flush();
 
-    CodedInputStream input = rawOutput.toByteString().newCodedInput();
-    assertEquals(tag, input.readTag());
-    try {
-      input.readStringRequireUtf8();
-      fail("Expected invalid UTF-8 exception.");
-    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException exception) {
-      assertEquals("Protocol message had invalid UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(rawInput);
+      assertEquals(tag, input.readTag());
+      try {
+        input.readStringRequireUtf8();
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Expected invalid UTF-8 exception.");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException exception) {
+        assertEquals(
+            inputType.name(), "Protocol message had invalid UTF-8.", exception.getMessage());
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -660,13 +678,17 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
   public void testInvalidTag() throws Exception {
     // Any tag number which corresponds to field number zero is invalid and
     // should throw InvalidProtocolBufferException.
-    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-      try {
-        CodedInputStream.newInstance(bytes(i)).readTag();
-        fail("Should have thrown an exception.");
-      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
-        assertEquals(InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag().getMessage(),
-                     e.getMessage());
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        try {
+          inputType.newDecoder(bytes(i)).readTag();
+          fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception.");
+        } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+          assertEquals(
+              inputType.name(),
+              InvalidProtocolBufferException.invalidTag().getMessage(),
+              e.getMessage());
+        }
       }
     }
   }
@@ -678,10 +700,10 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     output.writeRawVarint32(0);
     // One one-byte bytes field
     output.writeRawVarint32(1);
-    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] { (byte) 23 });
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 23});
     // Another one-byte bytes field
     output.writeRawVarint32(1);
-    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] { (byte) 45 });
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 45});
     // A bytes field large enough that won't fit into the 4K buffer.
     final int bytesLength = 16 * 1024;
     byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesLength];
@@ -691,20 +713,24 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
 
     output.flush();
-    CodedInputStream inputStream = rawOutput.toByteString().newCodedInput();
-
-    byte[] result = inputStream.readByteArray();
-    assertEquals(0, result.length);
-    result = inputStream.readByteArray();
-    assertEquals(1, result.length);
-    assertEquals((byte) 23, result[0]);
-    result = inputStream.readByteArray();
-    assertEquals(1, result.length);
-    assertEquals((byte) 45, result[0]);
-    result = inputStream.readByteArray();
-    assertEquals(bytesLength, result.length);
-    assertEquals((byte) 67, result[0]);
-    assertEquals((byte) 89, result[bytesLength - 1]);
+
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream inputStream = inputType.newDecoder(rawInput);
+
+      byte[] result = inputStream.readByteArray();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 0, result.length);
+      result = inputStream.readByteArray();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.length);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 23, result[0]);
+      result = inputStream.readByteArray();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.length);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 45, result[0]);
+      result = inputStream.readByteArray();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), bytesLength, result.length);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 67, result[0]);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 89, result[bytesLength - 1]);
+    }
   }
 
   public void testReadByteBuffer() throws Exception {
@@ -714,10 +740,10 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     output.writeRawVarint32(0);
     // One one-byte bytes field
     output.writeRawVarint32(1);
-    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[]{(byte) 23});
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 23});
     // Another one-byte bytes field
     output.writeRawVarint32(1);
-    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[]{(byte) 45});
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 45});
     // A bytes field large enough that won't fit into the 4K buffer.
     final int bytesLength = 16 * 1024;
     byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesLength];
@@ -727,21 +753,25 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
 
     output.flush();
-    CodedInputStream inputStream = rawOutput.toByteString().newCodedInput();
-
-    ByteBuffer result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
-    assertEquals(0, result.capacity());
-    result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
-    assertEquals(1, result.capacity());
-    assertEquals((byte) 23, result.get());
-    result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
-    assertEquals(1, result.capacity());
-    assertEquals((byte) 45, result.get());
-    result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
-    assertEquals(bytesLength, result.capacity());
-    assertEquals((byte) 67, result.get());
-    result.position(bytesLength - 1);
-    assertEquals((byte) 89, result.get());
+
+    byte[] rawInput = rawOutput.toByteString().toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream inputStream = inputType.newDecoder(rawInput);
+
+      ByteBuffer result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 0, result.capacity());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 23, result.get());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 45, result.get());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), bytesLength, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 67, result.get());
+      result.position(bytesLength - 1);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 89, result.get());
+    }
   }
 
   public void testReadByteBufferAliasing() throws Exception {
@@ -751,10 +781,10 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     output.writeRawVarint32(0);
     // One one-byte bytes field
     output.writeRawVarint32(1);
-    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[]{(byte) 23});
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 23});
     // Another one-byte bytes field
     output.writeRawVarint32(1);
-    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[]{(byte) 45});
+    output.writeRawBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 45});
     // A bytes field large enough that won't fit into the 4K buffer.
     final int bytesLength = 16 * 1024;
     byte[] bytes = new byte[bytesLength];
@@ -763,59 +793,105 @@ public class CodedInputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     output.writeRawVarint32(bytesLength);
     output.writeRawBytes(bytes);
     output.flush();
+
     byte[] data = byteArrayStream.toByteArray();
 
-    // Without aliasing
-    CodedInputStream inputStream = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
-    ByteBuffer result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
-    assertEquals(0, result.capacity());
-    result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
-    assertTrue(result.array() != data);
-    assertEquals(1, result.capacity());
-    assertEquals((byte) 23, result.get());
-    result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
-    assertTrue(result.array() != data);
-    assertEquals(1, result.capacity());
-    assertEquals((byte) 45, result.get());
-    result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
-    assertTrue(result.array() != data);
-    assertEquals(bytesLength, result.capacity());
-    assertEquals((byte) 67, result.get());
-    result.position(bytesLength - 1);
-    assertEquals((byte) 89, result.get());
-
-    // Enable aliasing
-    inputStream = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data);
-    inputStream.enableAliasing(true);
-    result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
-    assertEquals(0, result.capacity());
-    result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
-    assertTrue(result.array() == data);
-    assertEquals(1, result.capacity());
-    assertEquals((byte) 23, result.get());
-    result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
-    assertTrue(result.array() == data);
-    assertEquals(1, result.capacity());
-    assertEquals((byte) 45, result.get());
-    result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
-    assertTrue(result.array() == data);
-    assertEquals(bytesLength, result.capacity());
-    assertEquals((byte) 67, result.get());
-    result.position(bytesLength - 1);
-    assertEquals((byte) 89, result.get());
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      if (inputType == InputType.STREAM) {
+        // Aliasing doesn't apply to stream-backed CIS.
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Without aliasing
+      CodedInputStream inputStream = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+      ByteBuffer result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 0, result.capacity());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertTrue(inputType.name(), result.array() != data);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 23, result.get());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertTrue(inputType.name(), result.array() != data);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 45, result.get());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertTrue(inputType.name(), result.array() != data);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), bytesLength, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 67, result.get());
+      result.position(bytesLength - 1);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 89, result.get());
+
+      // Enable aliasing
+      inputStream = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+      inputStream.enableAliasing(true);
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 0, result.capacity());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      if (result.hasArray()) {
+        assertTrue(inputType.name(), result.array() == data);
+      }
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 23, result.get());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      if (result.hasArray()) {
+        assertTrue(inputType.name(), result.array() == data);
+      }
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), 1, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 45, result.get());
+      result = inputStream.readByteBuffer();
+      if (result.hasArray()) {
+        assertTrue(inputType.name(), result.array() == data);
+      }
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), bytesLength, result.capacity());
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 67, result.get());
+      result.position(bytesLength - 1);
+      assertEquals(inputType.name(), (byte) 89, result.get());
+    }
   }
 
   public void testCompatibleTypes() throws Exception {
     long data = 0x100000000L;
     Int64Message message = Int64Message.newBuilder().setData(data).build();
-    ByteString serialized = message.toByteString();
+    byte[] serialized = message.toByteArray();
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      CodedInputStream inputStream = inputType.newDecoder(serialized);
+
+      // Test int64(long) is compatible with bool(boolean)
+      BoolMessage msg2 = BoolMessage.parseFrom(inputStream);
+      assertTrue(msg2.getData());
+
+      // Test int64(long) is compatible with int32(int)
+      inputStream = inputType.newDecoder(serialized);
+      Int32Message msg3 = Int32Message.parseFrom(inputStream);
+      assertEquals((int) data, msg3.getData());
+    }
+  }
 
-    // Test int64(long) is compatible with bool(boolean)
-    BoolMessage msg2 = BoolMessage.parseFrom(serialized);
-    assertTrue(msg2.getData());
+  public void testSkipInvalidVarint_FastPath() throws Exception {
+    // Fast path: We have >= 10 bytes available. Ensure we properly recognize a non-ending varint.
+    byte[] data = new byte[] {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0};
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      try {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+        input.skipField(WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT));
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception.");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // Expected
+      }
+    }
+  }
 
-    // Test int64(long) is compatible with int32(int)
-    Int32Message msg3 = Int32Message.parseFrom(serialized);
-    assertEquals((int) data, msg3.getData());
+  public void testSkipInvalidVarint_SlowPath() throws Exception {
+    // Slow path: < 10 bytes available. Ensure we properly recognize a non-ending varint.
+    byte[] data = new byte[] {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1};
+    for (InputType inputType : InputType.values()) {
+      try {
+        CodedInputStream input = inputType.newDecoder(data);
+        input.skipField(WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT));
+        fail(inputType.name() + ": Should have thrown an exception.");
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        // Expected
+      }
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamTest.java
index 33aa4357..78f415c2 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/CodedOutputStreamTest.java
@@ -35,15 +35,13 @@ import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.SparseEnumMessage;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestSparseEnum;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for {@link CodedOutputStream}.
@@ -151,16 +149,21 @@ public class CodedOutputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     private final int initialPosition;
     private final CodedOutputStream stream;
     private final ByteBuffer buffer;
+    private final boolean unsafe;
 
-    NioDirectCoder(int size) {
-      this(size, 0);
+    NioDirectCoder(int size, boolean unsafe) {
+      this(size, 0, unsafe);
     }
 
-    NioDirectCoder(int size, int initialPosition) {
+    NioDirectCoder(int size, int initialPosition, boolean unsafe) {
+      this.unsafe = unsafe;
       this.initialPosition = initialPosition;
       buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(size);
       buffer.position(initialPosition);
-      stream = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(buffer);
+      stream =
+          unsafe
+              ? CodedOutputStream.newUnsafeInstance(buffer)
+              : CodedOutputStream.newSafeInstance(buffer);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ public class CodedOutputStreamTest extends TestCase {
 
     @Override
     public OutputType getOutputType() {
-      return OutputType.NIO_DIRECT;
+      return unsafe ? OutputType.NIO_DIRECT_SAFE : OutputType.NIO_DIRECT_UNSAFE;
     }
   }
 
@@ -198,10 +201,16 @@ public class CodedOutputStreamTest extends TestCase {
         return new NioHeapCoder(size);
       }
     },
-    NIO_DIRECT() {
+    NIO_DIRECT_SAFE() {
       @Override
       Coder newCoder(int size) {
-        return new NioDirectCoder(size);
+        return new NioDirectCoder(size, false);
+      }
+    },
+    NIO_DIRECT_UNSAFE() {
+      @Override
+      Coder newCoder(int size) {
+        return new NioDirectCoder(size, true);
       }
     },
     STREAM() {
@@ -389,6 +398,7 @@ public class CodedOutputStreamTest extends TestCase {
         != CodedOutputStream.computeUInt32SizeNoTag(string.length() * Utf8.MAX_BYTES_PER_CHAR));
 
     coder.stream().writeStringNoTag(string);
+    coder.stream().flush();
     int stringSize = CodedOutputStream.computeStringSizeNoTag(string);
 
     // Verify that the total bytes written is correct
@@ -478,11 +488,12 @@ public class CodedOutputStreamTest extends TestCase {
 
   public void testWriteByteArrayWithOffsets() throws Exception {
     byte[] fullArray = bytes(0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88);
-    byte[] destination = new byte[4];
-    CodedOutputStream codedStream = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(destination);
-    codedStream.writeByteArrayNoTag(fullArray, 2, 2);
-    assertEqualBytes(OutputType.ARRAY, bytes(0x02, 0x33, 0x44, 0x00), destination);
-    assertEquals(3, codedStream.getTotalBytesWritten());
+    for (OutputType type : new OutputType[] {OutputType.ARRAY}) {
+      Coder coder = type.newCoder(4);
+      coder.stream().writeByteArrayNoTag(fullArray, 2, 2);
+      assertEqualBytes(type, bytes(0x02, 0x33, 0x44), coder.toByteArray());
+      assertEquals(3, coder.stream().getTotalBytesWritten());
+    }
   }
 
   public void testSerializeUtf8_MultipleSmallWrites() throws Exception {
@@ -561,7 +572,12 @@ public class CodedOutputStreamTest extends TestCase {
     // Tag is one byte, varint describing string length is 1 byte, string length is 9 bytes.
     // An array of size 1 will cause a failure when trying to write the varint.
     for (OutputType outputType :
-        new OutputType[] {OutputType.ARRAY, OutputType.NIO_HEAP, OutputType.NIO_DIRECT}) {
+        new OutputType[] {
+          OutputType.ARRAY,
+          OutputType.NIO_HEAP,
+          OutputType.NIO_DIRECT_SAFE,
+          OutputType.NIO_DIRECT_UNSAFE
+        }) {
       for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
         Coder coder = outputType.newCoder(i);
         try {
@@ -599,10 +615,13 @@ public class CodedOutputStreamTest extends TestCase {
 
   public void testNioEncodersWithInitialOffsets() throws Exception {
     String value = "abc";
-    for (Coder coder : new Coder[] {new NioHeapCoder(10, 2), new NioDirectCoder(10, 2)}) {
+    for (Coder coder :
+        new Coder[] {
+          new NioHeapCoder(10, 2), new NioDirectCoder(10, 2, false), new NioDirectCoder(10, 2, true)
+        }) {
       coder.stream().writeStringNoTag(value);
       coder.stream().flush();
-      assertEqualBytes(coder.getOutputType(), new byte[]{3, 'a', 'b', 'c'}, coder.toByteArray());
+      assertEqualBytes(coder.getOutputType(), new byte[] {3, 'a', 'b', 'c'}, coder.toByteArray());
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DeprecatedFieldTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DeprecatedFieldTest.java
index ce85ae2e..2c272a73 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DeprecatedFieldTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DeprecatedFieldTest.java
@@ -31,11 +31,9 @@
 package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestDeprecatedFields;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Test field deprecation
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DescriptorsTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DescriptorsTest.java
index b3302441..b60cd620 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DescriptorsTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DescriptorsTest.java
@@ -55,15 +55,15 @@ import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.ForeignMessage;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestExtremeDefaultValues;
+import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestJsonName;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestMultipleExtensionRanges;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestReservedFields;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestService;
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for {@link Descriptors}.
@@ -805,4 +805,15 @@ public class DescriptorsTest extends TestCase {
     Descriptors.FileDescriptor.buildFrom(
         fileDescriptorProto, new FileDescriptor[0]);
   }
+
+  public void testFieldJsonName() throws Exception {
+    Descriptor d = TestJsonName.getDescriptor();
+    assertEquals(6, d.getFields().size());
+    assertEquals("fieldName1", d.getFields().get(0).getJsonName());
+    assertEquals("fieldName2", d.getFields().get(1).getJsonName());
+    assertEquals("FieldName3", d.getFields().get(2).getJsonName());
+    assertEquals("FieldName4", d.getFields().get(3).getJsonName());
+    assertEquals("FIELDNAME5", d.getFields().get(4).getJsonName());
+    assertEquals("@type", d.getFields().get(5).getJsonName());
+  }
 }
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayListTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayListTest.java
index 8e8e4fe2..d8942792 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayListTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DoubleArrayListTest.java
@@ -32,11 +32,10 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
 import java.util.Iterator;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link DoubleArrayList}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessageTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessageTest.java
index 8f3a74c1..77d14f6b 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessageTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessageTest.java
@@ -37,10 +37,8 @@ import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for {@link DynamicMessage}.  See also {@link MessageTest}, which
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest.java
index c1246782..6157e589 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest.java
@@ -32,26 +32,24 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import protobuf_unittest.NonNestedExtension;
 import protobuf_unittest.NonNestedExtensionLite;
-
-import junit.framework.Test;
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-import junit.framework.TestSuite;
-
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.net.URLClassLoader;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
+import junit.framework.Test;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import junit.framework.TestSuite;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link ExtensionRegistryFactory} and the {@link ExtensionRegistry} instances it
  * creates.
- * 
+ *
  * <p>This test simulates the runtime behaviour of the ExtensionRegistryFactory by delegating test
  * definitions to two inner classes {@link InnerTest} and {@link InnerLiteTest}, the latter of
  * which is executed using a custom ClassLoader, simulating the ProtoLite environment.
- * 
+ *
  * <p>The test mechanism employed here is based on the pattern in
  * {@code com.google.common.util.concurrent.AbstractFutureFallbackAtomicHelperTest}
  */
@@ -68,6 +66,7 @@ public class ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest extends TestCase {
     void testEmpty();
     void testIsFullRegistry();
     void testAdd();
+    void testAdd_immutable();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -125,6 +124,29 @@ public class ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest extends TestCase {
       assertNotNull("Extension is registered in masqueraded full registry",
           fullRegistry2.findImmutableExtensionByName("protobuf_unittest.nonNestedExtension"));
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public void testAdd_immutable() {
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry1 = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance().getUnmodifiable();
+      try {
+        NonNestedExtensionLite.registerAllExtensions(registry1);
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {}
+      try {
+        registry1.add(NonNestedExtensionLite.nonNestedExtensionLite);
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {}
+
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry2 = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance().getUnmodifiable();
+      try {
+        NonNestedExtension.registerAllExtensions((ExtensionRegistry) registry2);
+        fail();
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+      try {
+        registry2.add(NonNestedExtension.nonNestedExtension);
+        fail();
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {}
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -162,12 +184,21 @@ public class ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest extends TestCase {
               NonNestedExtensionLite.MessageLiteToBeExtended.getDefaultInstance(), 1);
       assertNotNull("Extension is registered in Lite registry", extension);
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public void testAdd_immutable() {
+      ExtensionRegistryLite registry = ExtensionRegistryLite.newInstance().getUnmodifiable();
+      try {
+        NonNestedExtensionLite.registerAllExtensions(registry);
+        fail();
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {}
+    }
   }
 
   /**
    * Defines a suite of tests which the JUnit3 runner retrieves by reflection.
    */
-  public static Test suite() { 
+  public static Test suite() {
     TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();
     for (Method method : RegistryTests.class.getMethods()) {
       suite.addTest(TestSuite.createTest(ExtensionRegistryFactoryTest.class, method.getName()));
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayListTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayListTest.java
index 0e13a598..aa36be49 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayListTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/FloatArrayListTest.java
@@ -32,11 +32,10 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
 import java.util.Iterator;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link FloatArrayList}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageTest.java
index 127e06fd..3eece26a 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/GeneratedMessageTest.java
@@ -65,9 +65,6 @@ import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestExtremeDefaultValues;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestOneof2;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestUnpackedTypes;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
@@ -76,6 +73,7 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for generated messages and generated code.  See also
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayListTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayListTest.java
index e59e3c6e..60c85450 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayListTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/IntArrayListTest.java
@@ -32,11 +32,10 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
 import java.util.Iterator;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link IntArrayList}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLiteTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLiteTest.java
index 8d1de6dc..efdfdfbe 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLiteTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldLiteTest.java
@@ -35,10 +35,8 @@ import static protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.optionalInt64Extension;
 
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for {@link LazyFieldLite}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldTest.java
index ce473ae9..5f013f3c 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyFieldTest.java
@@ -32,10 +32,8 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for {@link LazyField}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyMessageLiteTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyMessageLiteTest.java
index e5b11cf1..c8ca9b6a 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyMessageLiteTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyMessageLiteTest.java
@@ -34,10 +34,8 @@ import protobuf_unittest.LazyFieldsLite.LazyExtension;
 import protobuf_unittest.LazyFieldsLite.LazyInnerMessageLite;
 import protobuf_unittest.LazyFieldsLite.LazyMessageLite;
 import protobuf_unittest.LazyFieldsLite.LazyNestedInnerMessageLite;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for messages with lazy fields.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayListTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayListTest.java
index 497c4df2..d2bee2a4 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayListTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringArrayListTest.java
@@ -32,13 +32,12 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link LazyStringArrayList}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringEndToEndTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringEndToEndTest.java
index 0ef414aa..006e4933 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringEndToEndTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LazyStringEndToEndTest.java
@@ -32,10 +32,8 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests to make sure the lazy conversion of UTF8-encoded byte arrays to
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java
index b3a246dc..254beba1 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteTest.java
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
 
 import com.google.protobuf.UnittestImportLite.ImportEnumLite;
 import com.google.protobuf.UnittestImportPublicLite.PublicImportMessageLite;
-import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite;
 import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.ForeignEnumLite;
 import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.ForeignMessageLite;
 import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllExtensionsLite;
@@ -52,15 +51,8 @@ import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.BarPrime;
 import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.Foo;
 import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.TestOneofEquals;
 import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.TestRecursiveOneof;
-
 import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
-import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
-import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
-import java.io.NotSerializableException;
-import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
-import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
-
 /**
  * Test lite runtime.
  *
@@ -139,7 +131,6 @@ public class LiteTest extends TestCase {
         UnittestLite.optionalNestedMessageExtensionLite).getBb());
   }
   
-  
   public void testClone() {
     TestAllTypesLite.Builder expected = TestAllTypesLite.newBuilder()
         .setOptionalInt32(123);
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteralByteStringTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteralByteStringTest.java
index 2e7792a8..eac47448 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteralByteStringTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LiteralByteStringTest.java
@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@
 
 package com.google.protobuf;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.EOFException;
@@ -45,6 +43,7 @@ import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Test {@code LiteralByteString} by setting up a reference string in {@link #setUp()}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayListTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayListTest.java
index 6aaf85d7..6bbdfcaa 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayListTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/LongArrayListTest.java
@@ -32,11 +32,10 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
 import java.util.Iterator;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link LongArrayList}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2LiteTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2LiteTest.java
index 04d58006..8b64fa27 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2LiteTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2LiteTest.java
@@ -35,15 +35,13 @@ import map_lite_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap;
 import map_lite_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap.MessageValue;
 import map_lite_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMapOrBuilder;
 import map_lite_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestUnknownEnumValue;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit tests for map fields.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2Test.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2Test.java
index e8246bf6..76bd7bd9 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2Test.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapForProto2Test.java
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
 import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.BizarroTestMap;
+import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.ReservedAsMapField;
+import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue;
 import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap;
 import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap.MessageValue;
 import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMap.MessageWithRequiredFields;
 import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestMapOrBuilder;
 import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestRecursiveMap;
 import map_test.MapForProto2TestProto.TestUnknownEnumValue;
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit tests for map fields in proto2 protos.
@@ -1143,6 +1144,11 @@ public class MapForProto2Test extends TestCase {
     assertEquals(2, mapEntry.getAllFields().size());
   }
 
+  public void testReservedWordsFieldNames() {
+    ReservedAsMapField.newBuilder().build();
+    ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue.newBuilder().build();
+  }
+
   private static <K, V> Map<K, V> newMap(K key1, V value1) {
     Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<K, V>();
     map.put(key1, value1);
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapTest.java
index caef246b..035a8335 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MapTest.java
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor;
 import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
 import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
 import map_test.MapTestProto.BizarroTestMap;
+import map_test.MapTestProto.ReservedAsMapField;
+import map_test.MapTestProto.ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue;
 import map_test.MapTestProto.TestMap;
 import map_test.MapTestProto.TestMap.MessageValue;
 import map_test.MapTestProto.TestMapOrBuilder;
 import map_test.MapTestProto.TestOnChangeEventPropagation;
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit tests for map fields.
@@ -1307,6 +1308,171 @@ public class MapTest extends TestCase {
     }
   }
 
+  public void testReservedWordsFieldNames() {
+    ReservedAsMapField.newBuilder().build();
+    ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue.newBuilder().build();
+  }
+
+  public void testDeterministicSerialziation() throws Exception {
+    TestMap.Builder builder = TestMap.newBuilder();
+    // int32->int32
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(5, 1);
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(1, 1);
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(4, 1);
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(-2, 1);
+    builder.putInt32ToInt32Field(0, 1);
+
+    // uint32->int32
+    builder.putUint32ToInt32Field(5, 1);
+    builder.putUint32ToInt32Field(1, 1);
+    builder.putUint32ToInt32Field(4, 1);
+    builder.putUint32ToInt32Field(-2, 1);
+    builder.putUint32ToInt32Field(0, 1);
+
+    // int64->int32
+    builder.putInt64ToInt32Field(5L, 1);
+    builder.putInt64ToInt32Field(1L, 1);
+    builder.putInt64ToInt32Field(4L, 1);
+    builder.putInt64ToInt32Field(-2L, 1);
+    builder.putInt64ToInt32Field(0L, 1);
+
+    // string->int32
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("baz", 1);
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("foo", 1);
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("bar", 1);
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("", 1);
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("hello", 1);
+    builder.putStringToInt32Field("world", 1);
+
+    TestMap message = builder.build();
+    byte[] serialized = new byte[message.getSerializedSize()];
+    CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(serialized);
+    output.useDeterministicSerialization();
+    message.writeTo(output);
+    output.flush();
+
+    CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(serialized);
+    List<Integer> int32Keys = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+    List<Integer> uint32Keys = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+    List<Long> int64Keys = new ArrayList<Long>();
+    List<String> stringKeys = new ArrayList<String>();
+    int tag;
+    while (true) {
+      tag = input.readTag();
+      if (tag == 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+      int length = input.readRawVarint32();
+      int oldLimit = input.pushLimit(length);
+      switch (WireFormat.getTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
+        case TestMap.STRING_TO_INT32_FIELD_FIELD_NUMBER:
+          stringKeys.add(readMapStringKey(input));
+          break;
+        case TestMap.INT32_TO_INT32_FIELD_FIELD_NUMBER:
+          int32Keys.add(readMapIntegerKey(input));
+          break;
+        case TestMap.UINT32_TO_INT32_FIELD_FIELD_NUMBER:
+          uint32Keys.add(readMapIntegerKey(input));
+          break;
+        case TestMap.INT64_TO_INT32_FIELD_FIELD_NUMBER:
+          int64Keys.add(readMapLongKey(input));
+          break;
+        default:
+          fail("Unexpected fields.");
+      }
+      input.popLimit(oldLimit);
+    }
+    assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList(-2, 0, 1, 4, 5),
+        int32Keys);
+    assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList(-2, 0, 1, 4, 5),
+        uint32Keys);
+    assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList(-2L, 0L, 1L, 4L, 5L),
+        int64Keys);
+    assertEquals(
+        Arrays.asList("", "bar", "baz", "foo", "hello", "world"),
+        stringKeys);
+  }
+
+  public void testInitFromPartialDynamicMessage() {
+    FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor =
+        TestMap.getDescriptor().findFieldByNumber(TestMap.INT32_TO_MESSAGE_FIELD_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    Descriptor mapEntryType = fieldDescriptor.getMessageType();
+    FieldDescriptor keyField = mapEntryType.findFieldByNumber(1);
+    FieldDescriptor valueField = mapEntryType.findFieldByNumber(2);
+    DynamicMessage dynamicMessage =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestMap.getDescriptor())
+            .addRepeatedField(
+                fieldDescriptor,
+                DynamicMessage.newBuilder(mapEntryType)
+                    .setField(keyField, 10)
+                    .setField(valueField, TestMap.MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(10).build())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+    TestMap message = TestMap.newBuilder().mergeFrom(dynamicMessage).build();
+    assertEquals(
+        TestMap.MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(10).build(),
+        message.getInt32ToMessageFieldMap().get(10));
+  }
+
+  public void testInitFromFullyDynamicMessage() {
+    FieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor =
+        TestMap.getDescriptor().findFieldByNumber(TestMap.INT32_TO_MESSAGE_FIELD_FIELD_NUMBER);
+    Descriptor mapEntryType = fieldDescriptor.getMessageType();
+    FieldDescriptor keyField = mapEntryType.findFieldByNumber(1);
+    FieldDescriptor valueField = mapEntryType.findFieldByNumber(2);
+    DynamicMessage dynamicMessage =
+        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestMap.getDescriptor())
+            .addRepeatedField(
+                fieldDescriptor,
+                DynamicMessage.newBuilder(mapEntryType)
+                    .setField(keyField, 10)
+                    .setField(
+                        valueField,
+                        DynamicMessage.newBuilder(TestMap.MessageValue.getDescriptor())
+                            .setField(
+                                TestMap.MessageValue.getDescriptor().findFieldByName("value"), 10)
+                            .build())
+                    .build())
+            .build();
+    TestMap message = TestMap.newBuilder().mergeFrom(dynamicMessage).build();
+    assertEquals(
+        TestMap.MessageValue.newBuilder().setValue(10).build(),
+        message.getInt32ToMessageFieldMap().get(10));
+  }
+
+  private int readMapIntegerKey(CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+    int tag = input.readTag();
+    assertEquals(WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT), tag);
+    int ret = input.readInt32();
+    // skip the value field.
+    input.skipField(input.readTag());
+    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  private long readMapLongKey(CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+    int tag = input.readTag();
+    assertEquals(WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_VARINT), tag);
+    long ret = input.readInt64();
+    // skip the value field.
+    input.skipField(input.readTag());
+    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  private String readMapStringKey(CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+    int tag = input.readTag();
+    assertEquals(WireFormat.makeTag(1, WireFormat.WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED), tag);
+    String ret = input.readString();
+    // skip the value field.
+    input.skipField(input.readTag());
+    assertTrue(input.isAtEnd());
+    return ret;
+  }
+
   private static <K, V> Map<K, V> newMap(K key1, V value1) {
     Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<K, V>();
     map.put(key1, value1);
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageTest.java
index dcd1aba7..75b79a34 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/MessageTest.java
@@ -35,10 +35,8 @@ import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllExtensions;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequiredForeign;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Misc. unit tests for message operations that apply to both generated
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NestedBuildersTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NestedBuildersTest.java
index 542e28c0..03ed65a5 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NestedBuildersTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NestedBuildersTest.java
@@ -32,11 +32,9 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import protobuf_unittest.Vehicle;
 import protobuf_unittest.Wheel;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Test cases that exercise end-to-end use cases involving
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteStringTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteStringTest.java
index 6be5b93c..c388bd05 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteStringTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/NioByteStringTest.java
@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import static com.google.protobuf.Internal.UTF_8;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.EOFException;
@@ -48,6 +46,7 @@ import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link NioByteString}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParseExceptionsTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParseExceptionsTest.java
index bf1f1d71..e376b1cd 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParseExceptionsTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParseExceptionsTest.java
@@ -36,16 +36,14 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 import com.google.protobuf.DescriptorProtos.DescriptorProto;
-
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.FilterInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
 
 /**
  * Tests the exceptions thrown when parsing from a stream. The methods on the {@link Parser}
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParserTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParserTest.java
index 30842d2c..7086912b 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParserTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ParserTest.java
@@ -42,13 +42,11 @@ import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestParsingMerge;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestRequired;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Unit test for {@link Parser}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayListTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayListTest.java
index 3f45e226..af717bfd 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayListTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ProtobufArrayListTest.java
@@ -32,12 +32,11 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link ProtobufArrayList}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilderV3Test.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilderV3Test.java
index 241a4354..edbd0afd 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilderV3Test.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/RepeatedFieldBuilderV3Test.java
@@ -32,11 +32,9 @@ package com.google.protobuf;
 
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypesOrBuilder;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link RepeatedFieldBuilderV3}. This tests basic functionality.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ServiceTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ServiceTest.java
index b902737d..b895ad8d 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ServiceTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/ServiceTest.java
@@ -42,15 +42,13 @@ import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.FooResponse;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestService;
 
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
 import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import org.easymock.classextension.EasyMock;
 import org.easymock.IArgumentMatcher;
 import org.easymock.classextension.IMocksControl;
 
-import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Set;
-
 /**
  * Tests services and stubs.
  *
@@ -271,6 +269,8 @@ public class ServiceTest extends TestCase {
         file.getServices().get(0).getMethods().get(0).getName());
   }
 
+
+
   // =================================================================
 
   /**
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMapTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMapTest.java
index e96ecd65..a7f8342d 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMapTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/SmallSortedMapTest.java
@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@
 
 package com.google.protobuf;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -40,6 +38,7 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.TreeSet;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * @author darick@google.com Darick Tong
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtil.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtil.java
index d94f99e3..d4a18a22 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtil.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TestUtil.java
@@ -232,12 +232,10 @@ import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestOneof2;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedExtensions;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestUnpackedTypes;
-
-import junit.framework.Assert;
-
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import junit.framework.Assert;
 
 /**
  * Contains methods for setting all fields of {@code TestAllTypes} to
@@ -260,6 +258,13 @@ public final class TestUtil {
   }
 
   /**
+   * Dirties the message by resetting the momoized serialized size.
+   */
+  public static void resetMemoizedSize(AbstractMessage message) {
+    message.memoizedSize = -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
    * Get a {@code TestAllTypes} with all fields set as they would be by
    * {@link #setAllFields(TestAllTypes.Builder)}.
    */
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatTest.java
index 14783b0a..6a91b02f 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/TextFormatTest.java
@@ -42,11 +42,9 @@ import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestOneof2;
 import proto2_wireformat_unittest.UnittestMsetWireFormat.TestMessageSet;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.StringReader;
 import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Test case for {@link TextFormat}.
@@ -992,10 +990,35 @@ public class TextFormatTest extends TestCase {
     assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("repeated_nested_message [{ bb: 1 }, { bb: 2 }]\n");
   }
 
+  public void testParseShortRepeatedFormOfEmptyRepeatedFields() throws Exception {
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("repeated_foreign_enum: []");
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("repeated_int32: []\n");
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("RepeatedGroup []\n");
+    assertParseSuccessWithOverwriteForbidden("repeated_nested_message []\n");
+  }
+
+  public void testParseShortRepeatedFormWithTrailingComma() throws Exception {
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "1:38: Expected identifier. Found \']\'",
+        "repeated_foreign_enum: [FOREIGN_FOO, ]\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "1:22: Couldn't parse integer: For input string: \"]\"",
+        "repeated_int32: [ 1, ]\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "1:25: Expected \"{\".",
+        "RepeatedGroup [{ a: 1 },]\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "1:37: Expected \"{\".",
+        "repeated_nested_message [{ bb: 1 }, ]\n");
+  }
+
   public void testParseShortRepeatedFormOfNonRepeatedFields() throws Exception {
     assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
         "1:17: Couldn't parse integer: For input string: \"[\"",
         "optional_int32: [1]\n");
+    assertParseErrorWithOverwriteForbidden(
+        "1:17: Couldn't parse integer: For input string: \"[\"",
+        "optional_int32: []\n");
   }
 
   // =======================================================================
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLiteTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLiteTest.java
index 573cd665..26ea850e 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLiteTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetLiteTest.java
@@ -35,11 +35,9 @@ import com.google.protobuf.UnittestLite.TestAllTypesLite;
 import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash;
 import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.Bar;
 import protobuf_unittest.lite_equals_and_hash.LiteEqualsAndHash.Foo;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link UnknownFieldSetLite}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetTest.java
index 32380f70..f81e90b4 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnknownFieldSetTest.java
@@ -38,11 +38,9 @@ import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessage;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestEmptyMessageWithExtensions;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedExtensions;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Map;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests related to unknown field handling.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest.java
index b1c75fc3..00f201ca 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/UnmodifiableLazyStringListTest.java
@@ -30,11 +30,10 @@
 
 package com.google.protobuf;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.ListIterator;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link UnmodifiableLazyStringList}.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormatTest.java b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormatTest.java
index e66b371c..370860c2 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormatTest.java
+++ b/java/core/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/WireFormatTest.java
@@ -44,12 +44,10 @@ import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestOneofBackwardsCompatible;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedExtensions;
 import protobuf_unittest.UnittestProto.TestPackedTypes;
 import proto2_wireformat_unittest.UnittestMsetWireFormat.TestMessageSet;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 /**
  * Tests related to parsing and serialization.
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/field_presence_test.proto b/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/field_presence_test.proto
index 86cdd286..2367bd8b 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/field_presence_test.proto
+++ b/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/field_presence_test.proto
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ import "google/protobuf/unittest.proto";
 
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "FieldPresenceTestProto";
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 
 message TestAllTypes {
   enum NestedEnum {
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_lite_test.proto b/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_lite_test.proto
index de3336a5..2ca0251c 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_lite_test.proto
+++ b/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_lite_test.proto
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ syntax = "proto2";
 
 
 option java_outer_classname = "MapForProto2TestProto";
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 
 message TestMap {
   message MessageValue {
@@ -81,6 +80,42 @@ message BizarroTestMap {
   map<string, bytes> int32_to_message_field = 5; // different key and value types
   map<string, bytes> string_to_int32_field = 6;  // same key type, different value
 }
+
+// Used to test that java reserved words can be used as protobuf field names
+// Not all reserved words are tested (to avoid bloat) but instead an arbitrary
+// subset of them chosen to cover various keyword categories like
+// type, modifier, declaration, etc.
+message ReservedAsMapField {
+  map<string, uint32> if = 1;
+  map<string, uint32> const = 2;
+  map<string, uint32> private = 3;
+  map<string, uint32> class = 4;
+  map<string, uint32> int = 5;
+  map<string, uint32> void = 6;
+  map<string, uint32> string = 7; // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, uint32> package = 8;
+  map<string, uint32> enum = 9; // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, uint32> null = 10;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+}
+
+message ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue {
+  enum SampleEnum {
+    A = 0;
+    B = 1;
+  }
+  map<string, SampleEnum> if = 1;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> const = 2;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> private = 3;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> class = 4;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> int = 5;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> void = 6;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> string = 7; // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, SampleEnum> package = 8;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> enum = 9; // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, SampleEnum> null = 10;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+}
 package map_for_proto2_lite_test;
 option java_package = "map_lite_test";
 option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_test.proto b/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_test.proto
index 0c92b0ae..974f8a2c 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_test.proto
+++ b/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_for_proto2_test.proto
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ package map_for_proto2_test;
 
 option java_package = "map_test";
 option java_outer_classname = "MapForProto2TestProto";
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 
 message TestMap {
   message MessageValue {
@@ -83,3 +82,39 @@ message BizarroTestMap {
   map<string, bytes> int32_to_message_field = 5; // different key and value types
   map<string, bytes> string_to_int32_field = 6;  // same key type, different value
 }
+
+// Used to test that java reserved words can be used as protobuf field names
+// Not all reserved words are tested (to avoid bloat) but instead an arbitrary
+// subset of them chosen to cover various keyword categories like
+// type, modifier, declaration, etc.
+message ReservedAsMapField {
+  map<string, uint32> if = 1;
+  map<string, uint32> const = 2;
+  map<string, uint32> private = 3;
+  map<string, uint32> class = 4;
+  map<string, uint32> int = 5;
+  map<string, uint32> void = 6;
+  map<string, uint32> string = 7; // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, uint32> package = 8;
+  map<string, uint32> enum = 9; // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, uint32> null = 10;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+}
+
+message ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue {
+  enum SampleEnum {
+    A = 0;
+    B = 1;
+  }
+  map<string, SampleEnum> if = 1;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> const = 2;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> private = 3;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> class = 4;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> int = 5;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> void = 6;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> string = 7; // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, SampleEnum> package = 8;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> enum = 9; // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, SampleEnum> null = 10;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+}
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_test.proto b/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_test.proto
index 9eb63fc3..bc2105e5 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_test.proto
+++ b/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/map_test.proto
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ package map_test;
 
 option java_package = "map_test";
 option java_outer_classname = "MapTestProto";
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 
 message TestMap {
   message MessageValue {
@@ -53,6 +52,8 @@ message TestMap {
   map<int32, EnumValue>    int32_to_enum_field = 4;
   map<int32, MessageValue> int32_to_message_field = 5;
   map<string, int32>       string_to_int32_field = 6;
+  map<uint32, int32>       uint32_to_int32_field = 7;
+  map<int64, int32>        int64_to_int32_field = 8;
 }
 
 // Used to test that a nested builder containing map fields will properly
@@ -71,3 +72,39 @@ message BizarroTestMap {
   map<string, bytes> int32_to_message_field = 5; // different key and value types
   map<string, bytes> string_to_int32_field = 6;  // same key type, different value
 }
+
+// Used to test that java reserved words can be used as protobuf field names
+// Not all reserved words are tested (to avoid bloat) but instead an arbitrary
+// subset of them chosen to cover various keyword categories like
+// type, modifier, declaration, etc.
+message ReservedAsMapField {
+  map<string, uint32> if = 1;
+  map<string, uint32> const = 2;
+  map<string, uint32> private = 3;
+  map<string, uint32> class = 4;
+  map<string, uint32> int = 5;
+  map<string, uint32> void = 6;
+  map<string, uint32> string = 7; // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, uint32> package = 8;
+  map<string, uint32> enum = 9; // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, uint32> null = 10;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+}
+
+message ReservedAsMapFieldWithEnumValue {
+  enum SampleEnum {
+    A = 0;
+    B = 1;
+  }
+  map<string, SampleEnum> if = 1;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> const = 2;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> private = 3;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> class = 4;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> int = 5;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> void = 6;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> string = 7; // These are also proto keywords
+  map<string, SampleEnum> package = 8;
+  map<string, SampleEnum> enum = 9; // Most recent Java reserved word
+  map<string, SampleEnum> null = 10;
+  // null is not a 'reserved word' per se but as a literal needs similar care
+}
diff --git a/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto b/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto
index 2b1f65e4..d2c77936 100644
--- a/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto
+++ b/java/core/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/test_bad_identifiers.proto
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ package io_protocol_tests;
 
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "TestBadIdentifiersProto";
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 
 message TestMessage {
   optional string cached_size = 1;
diff --git a/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessage.java b/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessage.java
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..7639efcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,646 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor;
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLite;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A partial implementation of the {@link Message} interface which implements
+ * as many methods of that interface as possible in terms of other methods.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractMessage
+    // TODO(dweis): Update GeneratedMessage to parameterize with MessageType and BuilderType.
+    extends AbstractMessageLite
+    implements Message {
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isInitialized() {
+    return MessageReflection.isInitialized(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Interface for the parent of a Builder that allows the builder to
+   * communicate invalidations back to the parent for use when using nested
+   * builders.
+   */
+  protected interface BuilderParent {
+
+    /**
+     * A builder becomes dirty whenever a field is modified -- including fields
+     * in nested builders -- and becomes clean when build() is called.  Thus,
+     * when a builder becomes dirty, all its parents become dirty as well, and
+     * when it becomes clean, all its children become clean.  The dirtiness
+     * state is used to invalidate certain cached values.
+     * <br>
+     * To this end, a builder calls markDirty() on its parent whenever it
+     * transitions from clean to dirty.  The parent must propagate this call to
+     * its own parent, unless it was already dirty, in which case the
+     * grandparent must necessarily already be dirty as well.  The parent can
+     * only transition back to "clean" after calling build() on all children.
+     */
+    void markDirty();
+  }
+
+  /** Create a nested builder. */
+  protected Message.Builder newBuilderForType(BuilderParent parent) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Nested builder is not supported for this type.");
+  }
+
+
+  @Override
+  public List<String> findInitializationErrors() {
+    return MessageReflection.findMissingFields(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getInitializationErrorString() {
+    return MessageReflection.delimitWithCommas(findInitializationErrors());
+  }
+
+  /** TODO(jieluo): Clear it when all subclasses have implemented this method. */
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasOneof(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("hasOneof() is not implemented.");
+  }
+
+  /** TODO(jieluo): Clear it when all subclasses have implemented this method. */
+  @Override
+  public FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+        "getOneofFieldDescriptor() is not implemented.");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public final String toString() {
+    return TextFormat.printToString(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(final CodedOutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    MessageReflection.writeMessageTo(this, getAllFields(), output, false);
+  }
+
+  protected int memoizedSize = -1;
+
+  @Override
+  public int getSerializedSize() {
+    int size = memoizedSize;
+    if (size != -1) {
+      return size;
+    }
+
+    memoizedSize = MessageReflection.getSerializedSize(this, getAllFields());
+    return memoizedSize;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(final Object other) {
+    if (other == this) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(other instanceof Message)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    final Message otherMessage = (Message) other;
+    if (getDescriptorForType() != otherMessage.getDescriptorForType()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return compareFields(getAllFields(), otherMessage.getAllFields()) &&
+        getUnknownFields().equals(otherMessage.getUnknownFields());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    int hash = memoizedHashCode;
+    if (hash == 0) {
+      hash = 41;
+      hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptorForType().hashCode();
+      hash = hashFields(hash, getAllFields());
+      hash = (29 * hash) + getUnknownFields().hashCode();
+      memoizedHashCode = hash;
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+  
+  private static ByteString toByteString(Object value) {
+    if (value instanceof byte[]) {
+      return ByteString.copyFrom((byte[]) value);
+    } else {
+      return (ByteString) value;
+    }
+  }
+ 
+  /**
+   * Compares two bytes fields. The parameters must be either a byte array or a
+   * ByteString object. They can be of different type though.
+   */
+  private static boolean compareBytes(Object a, Object b) {
+    if (a instanceof byte[] && b instanceof byte[]) {
+      return Arrays.equals((byte[])a, (byte[])b);
+    }
+    return toByteString(a).equals(toByteString(b));
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Converts a list of MapEntry messages into a Map used for equals() and
+   * hashCode().
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+  private static Map convertMapEntryListToMap(List list) {
+    if (list.isEmpty()) {
+      return Collections.emptyMap();
+    }
+    Map result = new HashMap();
+    Iterator iterator = list.iterator();
+    Message entry = (Message) iterator.next();
+    Descriptors.Descriptor descriptor = entry.getDescriptorForType();
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor key = descriptor.findFieldByName("key");
+    Descriptors.FieldDescriptor value = descriptor.findFieldByName("value");
+    Object fieldValue = entry.getField(value);
+    if (fieldValue instanceof EnumValueDescriptor) {
+      fieldValue = ((EnumValueDescriptor) fieldValue).getNumber();
+    }
+    result.put(entry.getField(key), fieldValue);
+    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+      entry = (Message) iterator.next();
+      fieldValue = entry.getField(value);
+      if (fieldValue instanceof EnumValueDescriptor) {
+        fieldValue = ((EnumValueDescriptor) fieldValue).getNumber();
+      }
+      result.put(entry.getField(key), fieldValue);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Compares two map fields. The parameters must be a list of MapEntry
+   * messages.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+  private static boolean compareMapField(Object a, Object b) {
+    Map ma = convertMapEntryListToMap((List) a);
+    Map mb = convertMapEntryListToMap((List) b);
+    return MapFieldLite.equals(ma, mb);
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Compares two set of fields.
+   * This method is used to implement {@link AbstractMessage#equals(Object)}
+   * and {@link AbstractMutableMessage#equals(Object)}. It takes special care
+   * of bytes fields because immutable messages and mutable messages use
+   * different Java type to reprensent a bytes field and this method should be
+   * able to compare immutable messages, mutable messages and also an immutable
+   * message to a mutable message.
+   */
+  static boolean compareFields(Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> a,
+      Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> b) {
+    if (a.size() != b.size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (FieldDescriptor descriptor : a.keySet()) {
+      if (!b.containsKey(descriptor)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      Object value1 = a.get(descriptor);
+      Object value2 = b.get(descriptor);
+      if (descriptor.getType() == FieldDescriptor.Type.BYTES) {
+        if (descriptor.isRepeated()) {
+          List list1 = (List) value1;
+          List list2 = (List) value2;
+          if (list1.size() != list2.size()) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          for (int i = 0; i < list1.size(); i++) {
+            if (!compareBytes(list1.get(i), list2.get(i))) {
+              return false;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Compares a singular bytes field.
+          if (!compareBytes(value1, value2)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (descriptor.isMapField()) {
+        if (!compareMapField(value1, value2)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Compare non-bytes fields.
+        if (!value1.equals(value2)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Calculates the hash code of a map field. {@code value} must be a list of
+   * MapEntry messages.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static int hashMapField(Object value) {
+    return MapFieldLite.calculateHashCodeForMap(convertMapEntryListToMap((List) value));
+  }
+
+  /** Get a hash code for given fields and values, using the given seed. */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  protected static int hashFields(int hash, Map<FieldDescriptor, Object> map) {
+    for (Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) {
+      FieldDescriptor field = entry.getKey();
+      Object value = entry.getValue();
+      hash = (37 * hash) + field.getNumber();
+      if (field.isMapField()) {
+        hash = (53 * hash) + hashMapField(value);
+      } else if (field.getType() != FieldDescriptor.Type.ENUM){
+        hash = (53 * hash) + value.hashCode();
+      } else if (field.isRepeated()) {
+        List<? extends EnumLite> list = (List<? extends EnumLite>) value;
+        hash = (53 * hash) + Internal.hashEnumList(list);
+      } else {
+        hash = (53 * hash) + Internal.hashEnum((EnumLite) value);
+      }
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Package private helper method for AbstractParser to create
+   * UninitializedMessageException with missing field information.
+   */
+  @Override
+  UninitializedMessageException newUninitializedMessageException() {
+    return Builder.newUninitializedMessageException(this);
+  }
+
+  // =================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * A partial implementation of the {@link Message.Builder} interface which
+   * implements as many methods of that interface as possible in terms of
+   * other methods.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public static abstract class Builder<BuilderType extends Builder<BuilderType>>
+      extends AbstractMessageLite.Builder
+      implements Message.Builder {
+    // The compiler produces an error if this is not declared explicitly.
+    @Override
+    public abstract BuilderType clone();
+
+    /** TODO(jieluo): Clear it when all subclasses have implemented this method. */
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasOneof(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("hasOneof() is not implemented.");
+    }
+
+    /** TODO(jieluo): Clear it when all subclasses have implemented this method. */
+    @Override
+    public FieldDescriptor getOneofFieldDescriptor(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getOneofFieldDescriptor() is not implemented.");
+    }
+
+    /** TODO(jieluo): Clear it when all subclasses have implemented this method. */
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clearOneof(OneofDescriptor oneof) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("clearOneof() is not implemented.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType clear() {
+      for (final Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object> entry :
+           getAllFields().entrySet()) {
+        clearField(entry.getKey());
+      }
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> findInitializationErrors() {
+      return MessageReflection.findMissingFields(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getInitializationErrorString() {
+      return MessageReflection.delimitWithCommas(findInitializationErrors());
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    protected BuilderType internalMergeFrom(AbstractMessageLite other) {
+      return mergeFrom((Message) other);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final Message other) {
+      if (other.getDescriptorForType() != getDescriptorForType()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "mergeFrom(Message) can only merge messages of the same type.");
+      }
+
+      // Note:  We don't attempt to verify that other's fields have valid
+      //   types.  Doing so would be a losing battle.  We'd have to verify
+      //   all sub-messages as well, and we'd have to make copies of all of
+      //   them to insure that they don't change after verification (since
+      //   the Message interface itself cannot enforce immutability of
+      //   implementations).
+      // TODO(kenton):  Provide a function somewhere called makeDeepCopy()
+      //   which allows people to make secure deep copies of messages.
+
+      for (final Map.Entry<FieldDescriptor, Object> entry :
+           other.getAllFields().entrySet()) {
+        final FieldDescriptor field = entry.getKey();
+        if (field.isRepeated()) {
+          for (final Object element : (List)entry.getValue()) {
+            addRepeatedField(field, element);
+          }
+        } else if (field.getJavaType() == FieldDescriptor.JavaType.MESSAGE) {
+          final Message existingValue = (Message)getField(field);
+          if (existingValue == existingValue.getDefaultInstanceForType()) {
+            setField(field, entry.getValue());
+          } else {
+            setField(field,
+              existingValue.newBuilderForType()
+                .mergeFrom(existingValue)
+                .mergeFrom((Message)entry.getValue())
+                .build());
+          }
+        } else {
+          setField(field, entry.getValue());
+        }
+      }
+
+      mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
+
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final CodedInputStream input)
+                                 throws IOException {
+      return mergeFrom(input, ExtensionRegistry.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final CodedInputStream input,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      final UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder(getUnknownFields());
+      while (true) {
+        final int tag = input.readTag();
+        if (tag == 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+        MessageReflection.BuilderAdapter builderAdapter =
+            new MessageReflection.BuilderAdapter(this);
+        if (!MessageReflection.mergeFieldFrom(input, unknownFields,
+                                              extensionRegistry,
+                                              getDescriptorForType(),
+                                              builderAdapter,
+                                              tag)) {
+          // end group tag
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      setUnknownFields(unknownFields.build());
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeUnknownFields(final UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
+      setUnknownFields(
+        UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder(getUnknownFields())
+                       .mergeFrom(unknownFields)
+                       .build());
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder getFieldBuilder(final FieldDescriptor field) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getFieldBuilder() called on an unsupported message type.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Message.Builder getRepeatedFieldBuilder(final FieldDescriptor field, int index) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+          "getRepeatedFieldBuilder() called on an unsupported message type.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return TextFormat.printToString(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct an UninitializedMessageException reporting missing fields in
+     * the given message.
+     */
+    protected static UninitializedMessageException
+        newUninitializedMessageException(Message message) {
+      return new UninitializedMessageException(
+          MessageReflection.findMissingFields(message));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used to support nested builders and called to mark this builder as clean.
+     * Clean builders will propagate the {@link BuilderParent#markDirty()} event
+     * to their parent builders, while dirty builders will not, as their parents
+     * should be dirty already.
+     *
+     * NOTE: Implementations that don't support nested builders don't need to
+     * override this method.
+     */
+    void markClean() {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Should be overridden by subclasses.");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used to support nested builders and called when this nested builder is
+     * no longer used by its parent builder and should release the reference
+     * to its parent builder.
+     *
+     * NOTE: Implementations that don't support nested builders don't need to
+     * override this method.
+     */
+    void dispose() {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Should be overridden by subclasses.");
+    }
+
+    // ===============================================================
+    // The following definitions seem to be required in order to make javac
+    // not produce weird errors like:
+    //
+    // java/com/google/protobuf/DynamicMessage.java:203: types
+    //   com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessage.Builder<
+    //     com.google.protobuf.DynamicMessage.Builder> and
+    //   com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessage.Builder<
+    //     com.google.protobuf.DynamicMessage.Builder> are incompatible; both
+    //   define mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.ByteString), but with unrelated
+    //   return types.
+    //
+    // Strangely, these lines are only needed if javac is invoked separately
+    // on AbstractMessage.java and AbstractMessageLite.java.  If javac is
+    // invoked on both simultaneously, it works.  (Or maybe the important
+    // point is whether or not DynamicMessage.java is compiled together with
+    // AbstractMessageLite.java -- not sure.)  I suspect this is a compiler
+    // bug.
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final ByteString data)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(data);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final ByteString data,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final byte[] data)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(data);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final byte[] data, final int off, final int len)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(data, off, len);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final byte[] data,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final byte[] data, final int off, final int len,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(data, off, len, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final InputStream input)
+        throws IOException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(input);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final InputStream input,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      return (BuilderType) super.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(final InputStream input)
+        throws IOException {
+      return super.mergeDelimitedFrom(input);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(
+        final InputStream input,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException {
+      return super.mergeDelimitedFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @deprecated from v3.0.0-beta-3+, for compatibility with v2.5.0 and v2.6.1
+   * generated code.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  protected static int hashLong(long n) {
+    return (int) (n ^ (n >>> 32));
+  }
+  //
+  /**
+   * @deprecated from v3.0.0-beta-3+, for compatibility with v2.5.0 and v2.6.1
+   * generated code.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  protected static int hashBoolean(boolean b) {
+    return b ? 1231 : 1237;
+  }
+  //
+  /**
+   * @deprecated from v3.0.0-beta-3+, for compatibility with v2.5.0 and v2.6.1
+   * generated code.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  protected static int hashEnum(EnumLite e) {
+    return e.getNumber();
+  }
+  //
+  /**
+   * @deprecated from v3.0.0-beta-3+, for compatibility with v2.5.0 and v2.6.1
+   * generated code.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  protected static int hashEnumList(List<? extends EnumLite> list) {
+    int hash = 1;
+    for (EnumLite e : list) {
+      hash = 31 * hash + hashEnum(e);
+    }
+    return hash;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageLite.java b/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageLite.java
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..046030f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractMessageLite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import java.io.FilterInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+/**
+ * A partial implementation of the {@link MessageLite} interface which
+ * implements as many methods of that interface as possible in terms of other
+ * methods.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractMessageLite<
+    MessageType extends AbstractMessageLite<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+    BuilderType extends AbstractMessageLite.Builder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+        implements MessageLite {
+  protected int memoizedHashCode = 0;
+
+  @Override
+  public ByteString toByteString() {
+    try {
+      final ByteString.CodedBuilder out =
+        ByteString.newCodedBuilder(getSerializedSize());
+      writeTo(out.getCodedOutput());
+      return out.build();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(getSerializingExceptionMessage("ByteString"), e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public byte[] toByteArray() {
+    try {
+      final byte[] result = new byte[getSerializedSize()];
+      final CodedOutputStream output = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(result);
+      writeTo(output);
+      output.checkNoSpaceLeft();
+      return result;
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(getSerializingExceptionMessage("byte array"), e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeTo(final OutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    final int bufferSize =
+        CodedOutputStream.computePreferredBufferSize(getSerializedSize());
+    final CodedOutputStream codedOutput =
+        CodedOutputStream.newInstance(output, bufferSize);
+    writeTo(codedOutput);
+    codedOutput.flush();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void writeDelimitedTo(final OutputStream output) throws IOException {
+    final int serialized = getSerializedSize();
+    final int bufferSize = CodedOutputStream.computePreferredBufferSize(
+        CodedOutputStream.computeRawVarint32Size(serialized) + serialized);
+    final CodedOutputStream codedOutput =
+        CodedOutputStream.newInstance(output, bufferSize);
+    codedOutput.writeRawVarint32(serialized);
+    writeTo(codedOutput);
+    codedOutput.flush();
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Package private helper method for AbstractParser to create
+   * UninitializedMessageException.
+   */
+  UninitializedMessageException newUninitializedMessageException() {
+    return new UninitializedMessageException(this);
+  }
+
+  private String getSerializingExceptionMessage(String target) {
+    return "Serializing " + getClass().getName() + " to a " + target
+        + " threw an IOException (should never happen).";
+  }
+
+  protected static void checkByteStringIsUtf8(ByteString byteString)
+      throws IllegalArgumentException {
+    if (!byteString.isValidUtf8()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Byte string is not UTF-8.");
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected static <T> void addAll(final Iterable<T> values,
+      final Collection<? super T> list) {
+    Builder.addAll(values, list);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A partial implementation of the {@link Message.Builder} interface which
+   * implements as many methods of that interface as possible in terms of
+   * other methods.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public abstract static class Builder<
+      MessageType extends AbstractMessageLite<MessageType, BuilderType>,
+      BuilderType extends Builder<MessageType, BuilderType>>
+      implements MessageLite.Builder {
+    // The compiler produces an error if this is not declared explicitly.
+    @Override
+    public abstract BuilderType clone();
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final CodedInputStream input) throws IOException {
+      return mergeFrom(input, ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    // Re-defined here for return type covariance.
+    @Override
+    public abstract BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final CodedInputStream input, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws IOException;
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        final CodedInputStream input = data.newCodedInput();
+        mergeFrom(input);
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(getReadingExceptionMessage("ByteString"), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final ByteString data, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        final CodedInputStream input = data.newCodedInput();
+        mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(getReadingExceptionMessage("ByteString"), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return mergeFrom(data, 0, data.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final byte[] data, final int off, final int len)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        final CodedInputStream input =
+            CodedInputStream.newInstance(data, off, len);
+        mergeFrom(input);
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(getReadingExceptionMessage("byte array"), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final byte[] data, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      return mergeFrom(data, 0, data.length, extensionRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final byte[] data,
+        final int off,
+        final int len,
+        final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+        throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+      try {
+        final CodedInputStream input =
+            CodedInputStream.newInstance(data, off, len);
+        mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+        return (BuilderType) this;
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(getReadingExceptionMessage("byte array"), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
+      final CodedInputStream codedInput = CodedInputStream.newInstance(input);
+      mergeFrom(codedInput);
+      codedInput.checkLastTagWas(0);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(
+        final InputStream input, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      final CodedInputStream codedInput = CodedInputStream.newInstance(input);
+      mergeFrom(codedInput, extensionRegistry);
+      codedInput.checkLastTagWas(0);
+      return (BuilderType) this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An InputStream implementations which reads from some other InputStream
+     * but is limited to a particular number of bytes.  Used by
+     * mergeDelimitedFrom().  This is intentionally package-private so that
+     * UnknownFieldSet can share it.
+     */
+    static final class LimitedInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
+      private int limit;
+
+      LimitedInputStream(InputStream in, int limit) {
+        super(in);
+        this.limit = limit;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int available() throws IOException {
+        return Math.min(super.available(), limit);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int read() throws IOException {
+        if (limit <= 0) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        final int result = super.read();
+        if (result >= 0) {
+          --limit;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public int read(final byte[] b, final int off, int len)
+                      throws IOException {
+        if (limit <= 0) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        len = Math.min(len, limit);
+        final int result = super.read(b, off, len);
+        if (result >= 0) {
+          limit -= result;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public long skip(final long n) throws IOException {
+        final long result = super.skip(Math.min(n, limit));
+        if (result >= 0) {
+          limit -= result;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(
+        final InputStream input, final ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry) throws IOException {
+      final int firstByte = input.read();
+      if (firstByte == -1) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      final int size = CodedInputStream.readRawVarint32(firstByte, input);
+      final InputStream limitedInput = new LimitedInputStream(input, size);
+      mergeFrom(limitedInput, extensionRegistry);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean mergeDelimitedFrom(final InputStream input) throws IOException {
+      return mergeDelimitedFrom(input,
+          ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // isInstance takes care of this
+    public BuilderType mergeFrom(final MessageLite other) {
+      if (!getDefaultInstanceForType().getClass().isInstance(other)) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "mergeFrom(MessageLite) can only merge messages of the same type.");
+      }
+
+      return internalMergeFrom((MessageType) other);
+    }
+
+    protected abstract BuilderType internalMergeFrom(MessageType message);
+
+    private String getReadingExceptionMessage(String target) {
+      return "Reading " + getClass().getName() + " from a " + target
+          + " threw an IOException (should never happen).";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct an UninitializedMessageException reporting missing fields in
+     * the given message.
+     */
+    protected static UninitializedMessageException
+        newUninitializedMessageException(MessageLite message) {
+      return new UninitializedMessageException(message);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the {@code values} to the {@code list}.  This is a helper method
+     * used by generated code.  Users should ignore it.
+     *
+     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code values} or any of the elements of
+     * {@code values} is null. When that happens, some elements of
+     * {@code values} may have already been added to the result {@code list}.
+     */
+    protected static <T> void addAll(final Iterable<T> values,
+                                     final Collection<? super T> list) {
+      if (values == null) {
+        throw new NullPointerException();
+      }
+      if (values instanceof LazyStringList) {
+        // For StringOrByteStringLists, check the underlying elements to avoid
+        // forcing conversions of ByteStrings to Strings.
+        checkForNullValues(((LazyStringList) values).getUnderlyingElements());
+        list.addAll((Collection<T>) values);
+      } else if (values instanceof Collection) {
+        checkForNullValues(values);
+        list.addAll((Collection<T>) values);
+      } else {
+        for (final T value : values) {
+          if (value == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+          }
+          list.add(value);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static void checkForNullValues(final Iterable<?> values) {
+      for (final Object value : values) {
+        if (value == null) {
+          throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractParser.java b/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractParser.java
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..66b0ee3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.LimitedInputStream;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+/**
+ * A partial implementation of the {@link Parser} interface which implements
+ * as many methods of that interface as possible in terms of other methods.
+ *
+ * Note: This class implements all the convenience methods in the
+ * {@link Parser} interface. See {@link Parser} for related javadocs.
+ * Subclasses need to implement
+ * {@link Parser#parsePartialFrom(CodedInputStream, ExtensionRegistryLite)}
+ *
+ * @author liujisi@google.com (Pherl Liu)
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractParser<MessageType extends MessageLite>
+    implements Parser<MessageType> {
+  /**
+   * Creates an UninitializedMessageException for MessageType.
+   */
+  private UninitializedMessageException
+      newUninitializedMessageException(MessageType message) {
+    if (message instanceof AbstractMessageLite) {
+      return ((AbstractMessageLite) message).newUninitializedMessageException();
+    }
+    return new UninitializedMessageException(message);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper method to check if message is initialized.
+   *
+   * @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException if it is not initialized.
+   * @return The message to check.
+   */
+  private MessageType checkMessageInitialized(MessageType message)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    if (message != null && !message.isInitialized()) {
+      throw newUninitializedMessageException(message)
+          .asInvalidProtocolBufferException()
+          .setUnfinishedMessage(message);
+    }
+    return message;
+  }
+
+  private static final ExtensionRegistryLite EMPTY_REGISTRY
+      = ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry();
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(CodedInputStream input)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(input, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(CodedInputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(
+        parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(CodedInputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(input, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(ByteString data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    MessageType message;
+    try {
+      CodedInputStream input = data.newCodedInput();
+      message = parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+      try {
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(message);
+      }
+      return message;
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(data, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(ByteString data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(parsePartialFrom(data, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(ByteString data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(data, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(
+      byte[] data, int off, int len, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    try {
+      CodedInputStream input = CodedInputStream.newInstance(data, off, len);
+      MessageType message = parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
+      try {
+        input.checkLastTagWas(0);
+      } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(message);
+      }
+      return message;
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(byte[] data, int off, int len)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(data, off, len, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(byte[] data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(data, 0, data.length, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(data, 0, data.length, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(
+      byte[] data, int off, int len, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(
+        parsePartialFrom(data, off, len, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(byte[] data, int off, int len)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(data, off, len, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(byte[] data, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(data, 0, data.length, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(byte[] data) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(data, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    CodedInputStream codedInput = CodedInputStream.newInstance(input);
+    MessageType message = parsePartialFrom(codedInput, extensionRegistry);
+    try {
+      codedInput.checkLastTagWas(0);
+    } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
+      throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(message);
+    }
+    return message;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialFrom(InputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialFrom(input, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(
+        parsePartialFrom(input, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseFrom(InputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseFrom(input, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialDelimitedFrom(
+      InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    int size;
+    try {
+      int firstByte = input.read();
+      if (firstByte == -1) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      size = CodedInputStream.readRawVarint32(firstByte, input);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(e.getMessage());
+    }
+    InputStream limitedInput = new LimitedInputStream(input, size);
+    return parsePartialFrom(limitedInput, extensionRegistry);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parsePartialDelimitedFrom(InputStream input)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parsePartialDelimitedFrom(input, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseDelimitedFrom(InputStream input, ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
+      throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return checkMessageInitialized(
+        parsePartialDelimitedFrom(input, extensionRegistry));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public MessageType parseDelimitedFrom(InputStream input) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+    return parseDelimitedFrom(input, EMPTY_REGISTRY);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProtobufList.java b/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProtobufList.java
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..b17db6e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/AbstractProtobufList.java
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+import com.google.protobuf.Internal.ProtobufList;
+
+import java.util.AbstractList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.RandomAccess;
+
+/**
+ * An abstract implementation of {@link ProtobufList} which manages mutability semantics. All mutate
+ * methods must check if the list is mutable before proceeding. Subclasses must invoke
+ * {@link #ensureIsMutable()} manually when overriding those methods.
+ * <p>
+ * This implementation assumes all subclasses are array based, supporting random access.
+ */
+abstract class AbstractProtobufList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements ProtobufList<E> {
+
+  protected static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
+
+  /**
+   * Whether or not this list is modifiable.
+   */
+  private boolean isMutable;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a mutable list by default.
+   */
+  AbstractProtobufList() {
+    isMutable = true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (o == this) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(o instanceof List)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Handle lists that do not support RandomAccess as efficiently as possible by using an iterator
+    // based approach in our super class. Otherwise our index based approach will avoid those
+    // allocations.
+    if (!(o instanceof RandomAccess)) {
+      return super.equals(o);
+    }
+
+    List<?> other = (List<?>) o;
+    final int size = size();
+    if (size != other.size()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (!get(i).equals(other.get(i))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    final int size = size();
+    int hashCode = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      hashCode = (31 * hashCode) + get(i).hashCode();
+    }
+    return hashCode;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean add(E e) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.add(e);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void add(int index, E element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    super.add(index, element);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.addAll(c);
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.addAll(index, c);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void clear() {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    super.clear();
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public boolean isModifiable() {
+    return isMutable;
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public final void makeImmutable() {
+    isMutable = false;
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public E remove(int index) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.remove(index);
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public boolean remove(Object o) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.remove(o);
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.removeAll(c);
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.retainAll(c);
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public E set(int index, E element) {
+    ensureIsMutable();
+    return super.set(index, element);
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Throws an {@link UnsupportedOperationException} if the list is immutable. Subclasses are
+   * responsible for invoking this method on mutate operations.
+   */
+  protected void ensureIsMutable() {
+    if (!isMutable) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingRpcChannel.java b/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingRpcChannel.java
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d535efb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingRpcChannel.java
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Abstract interface for a blocking RPC channel.  {@code BlockingRpcChannel}
+ * is the blocking equivalent to {@link RpcChannel}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ * @author cpovirk@google.com Chris Povirk
+ */
+public interface BlockingRpcChannel {
+  /**
+   * Call the given method of the remote service and blocks until it returns.
+   * {@code callBlockingMethod()} is the blocking equivalent to
+   * {@link RpcChannel#callMethod}.
+   */
+  Message callBlockingMethod(
+      Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method,
+      RpcController controller,
+      Message request,
+      Message responsePrototype) throws ServiceException;
+}
diff --git a/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingService.java b/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingService.java
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d01f0b8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/BlockingService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+package com.google.protobuf;
+
+/**
+ * Blocking equivalent to {@link Service}.
+ *
+ * @author kenton@google.com Kenton Varda
+ * @author cpovirk@google.com Chris Povirk
+ */
+public interface BlockingService {
+  /**
+   * Equivalent to {@link Service#getDescriptorForType}.
+   */
+  Descriptors.ServiceDescriptor getDescriptorForType();
+
+  /**
+   * Equivalent to {@link Service#callMethod}, except that
+   * {@code callBlockingMethod()} returns the result of the RPC or throws a
+   * {@link ServiceException} if there is a failure, rather than passing the
+   * information to a callback.
+   */
+  Message callBlockingMethod(Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method,
+                             RpcController controller,
+                             Message request) throws ServiceException;
+
+  /**
+   * Equivalent to {@link Service#getRequestPrototype}.
+   */
+  Message getRequestPrototype(Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method);
+
+  /**
+   * Equivalent to {@link Service#getResponsePrototype}.
+   */
+  Message getResponsePrototype(Descriptors.MethodDescriptor method);
+}
diff --git a/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Durations.java b/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Durations.java
index 5fe6ebca..9333168d 100644
--- a/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Durations.java
+++ b/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Durations.java
@@ -30,50 +30,86 @@
 
 package com.google.protobuf.util;
 
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
+import static com.google.common.math.IntMath.checkedAdd;
+import static com.google.common.math.IntMath.checkedSubtract;
+import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.checkedAdd;
+import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.checkedMultiply;
+import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.checkedSubtract;
 import static com.google.protobuf.util.Timestamps.MICROS_PER_SECOND;
 import static com.google.protobuf.util.Timestamps.MILLIS_PER_SECOND;
 import static com.google.protobuf.util.Timestamps.NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND;
 import static com.google.protobuf.util.Timestamps.NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND;
 import static com.google.protobuf.util.Timestamps.NANOS_PER_SECOND;
 
+import com.google.common.collect.ComparisonChain;
 import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
-
 import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.util.Comparator;
 
 /**
- * Utilities to help create/manipulate {@code protobuf/duration.proto}.
+ * Utilities to help create/manipulate {@code protobuf/duration.proto}. All operations throw an
+ * {@link IllegalArgumentException} if the input(s) are not {@linkplain #isValid(Duration) valid}.
  */
 public final class Durations {
   static final long DURATION_SECONDS_MIN = -315576000000L;
   static final long DURATION_SECONDS_MAX = 315576000000L;
 
-  // TODO(kak): Do we want to expose Duration constants for MAX/MIN?
+  /** A constant holding the minimum valid {@link Duration}, approximately {@code -10,000} years. */
+  public static final Duration MIN_VALUE =
+      Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(DURATION_SECONDS_MIN).setNanos(-999999999).build();
+
+  /** A constant holding the maximum valid {@link Duration}, approximately {@code +10,000} years. */
+  public static final Duration MAX_VALUE =
+      Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(DURATION_SECONDS_MAX).setNanos(999999999).build();
 
   private Durations() {}
 
+  private static final Comparator<Duration> COMPARATOR =
+      new Comparator<Duration>() {
+        @Override
+        public int compare(Duration d1, Duration d2) {
+          checkValid(d1);
+          checkValid(d2);
+
+          return ComparisonChain.start()
+              .compare(d1.getSeconds(), d2.getSeconds())
+              .compare(d1.getNanos(), d2.getNanos())
+              .result();
+        }
+      };
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a {@link Comparator} for {@link Duration}s which sorts in increasing chronological
+   * order. Nulls and invalid {@link Duration}s are not allowed (see {@link #isValid}).
+   */
+  public static Comparator<Duration> comparator() {
+    return COMPARATOR;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns true if the given {@link Duration} is valid. The {@code seconds} value must be in the
    * range [-315,576,000,000, +315,576,000,000]. The {@code nanos} value must be in the range
    * [-999,999,999, +999,999,999].
    *
-   * <p>Note: Durations less than one second are represented with a 0 {@code seconds} field and a
-   * positive or negative {@code nanos} field. For durations of one second or more, a non-zero value
-   * for the {@code nanos} field must be of the same sign as the {@code seconds} field.
+   * <p><b>Note:</b> Durations less than one second are represented with a 0 {@code seconds} field
+   * and a positive or negative {@code nanos} field. For durations of one second or more, a non-zero
+   * value for the {@code nanos} field must be of the same sign as the {@code seconds} field.
    */
   public static boolean isValid(Duration duration) {
     return isValid(duration.getSeconds(), duration.getNanos());
   }
 
   /**
-   * Returns true if the given number of seconds and nanos is a valid {@link Duration}. The
-   * {@code seconds} value must be in the range [-315,576,000,000, +315,576,000,000]. The
-   * {@code nanos} value must be in the range [-999,999,999, +999,999,999].
+   * Returns true if the given number of seconds and nanos is a valid {@link Duration}. The {@code
+   * seconds} value must be in the range [-315,576,000,000, +315,576,000,000]. The {@code nanos}
+   * value must be in the range [-999,999,999, +999,999,999].
    *
-   * <p>Note: Durations less than one second are represented with a 0 {@code seconds} field and a
-   * positive or negative {@code nanos} field. For durations of one second or more, a non-zero value
-   * for the {@code nanos} field must be of the same sign as the {@code seconds} field.
+   * <p><b>Note:</b> Durations less than one second are represented with a 0 {@code seconds} field
+   * and a positive or negative {@code nanos} field. For durations of one second or more, a non-zero
+   * value for the {@code nanos} field must be of the same sign as the {@code seconds} field.
    */
-  public static boolean isValid(long seconds, long nanos) {
+  public static boolean isValid(long seconds, int nanos) {
     if (seconds < DURATION_SECONDS_MIN || seconds > DURATION_SECONDS_MAX) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -88,35 +124,35 @@ public final class Durations {
     return true;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Throws an {@link IllegalArgumentException} if the given seconds/nanos are not
-   * a valid {@link Duration}.
-   */
-  private static void checkValid(long seconds, int nanos) {
-    if (!isValid(seconds, nanos)) {
-      throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
-          "Duration is not valid. See proto definition for valid values. "
-          + "Seconds (%s) must be in range [-315,576,000,000, +315,576,000,000]."
-          + "Nanos (%s) must be in range [-999,999,999, +999,999,999]. "
-          + "Nanos must have the same sign as seconds", seconds, nanos));
-    }
+  /** Throws an {@link IllegalArgumentException} if the given {@link Duration} is not valid. */
+  public static Duration checkValid(Duration duration) {
+    long seconds = duration.getSeconds();
+    int nanos = duration.getNanos();
+    checkArgument(
+        isValid(seconds, nanos),
+        "Duration is not valid. See proto definition for valid values. "
+            + "Seconds (%s) must be in range [-315,576,000,000, +315,576,000,000]. "
+            + "Nanos (%s) must be in range [-999,999,999, +999,999,999]. "
+            + "Nanos must have the same sign as seconds",
+        seconds,
+        nanos);
+    return duration;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Convert Duration to string format. The string format will contains 3, 6,
-   * or 9 fractional digits depending on the precision required to represent
-   * the exact Duration value. For example: "1s", "1.010s", "1.000000100s",
-   * "-3.100s" The range that can be represented by Duration is from
+   * Convert Duration to string format. The string format will contains 3, 6, or 9 fractional digits
+   * depending on the precision required to represent the exact Duration value. For example: "1s",
+   * "1.010s", "1.000000100s", "-3.100s" The range that can be represented by Duration is from
    * -315,576,000,000 to +315,576,000,000 inclusive (in seconds).
    *
    * @return The string representation of the given duration.
-   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given duration is not in the valid
-   *         range.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given duration is not in the valid range.
    */
   public static String toString(Duration duration) {
+    checkValid(duration);
+
     long seconds = duration.getSeconds();
     int nanos = duration.getNanos();
-    checkValid(seconds, nanos);
 
     StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
     if (seconds < 0 || nanos < 0) {
@@ -172,9 +208,20 @@ public final class Durations {
     }
   }
 
+  /** Create a Duration from the number of seconds. */
+  public static Duration fromSeconds(long seconds) {
+    return normalizedDuration(seconds, 0);
+  }
+
   /**
-   * Create a Duration from the number of milliseconds.
+   * Convert a Duration to the number of seconds. The result will be rounded towards 0 to the
+   * nearest second. E.g., if the duration represents -1 nanosecond, it will be rounded to 0.
    */
+  public static long toSeconds(Duration duration) {
+    return checkValid(duration).getSeconds();
+  }
+
+  /** Create a Duration from the number of milliseconds. */
   public static Duration fromMillis(long milliseconds) {
     return normalizedDuration(
         milliseconds / MILLIS_PER_SECOND,
@@ -182,17 +229,17 @@ public final class Durations {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Convert a Duration to the number of milliseconds.The result will be
-   * rounded towards 0 to the nearest millisecond. E.g., if the duration
-   * represents -1 nanosecond, it will be rounded to 0.
+   * Convert a Duration to the number of milliseconds. The result will be rounded towards 0 to the
+   * nearest millisecond. E.g., if the duration represents -1 nanosecond, it will be rounded to 0.
    */
   public static long toMillis(Duration duration) {
-    return duration.getSeconds() * MILLIS_PER_SECOND + duration.getNanos() / NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND;
+    checkValid(duration);
+    return checkedAdd(
+        checkedMultiply(duration.getSeconds(), MILLIS_PER_SECOND),
+        duration.getNanos() / NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND);
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Create a Duration from the number of microseconds.
-   */
+  /** Create a Duration from the number of microseconds. */
   public static Duration fromMicros(long microseconds) {
     return normalizedDuration(
         microseconds / MICROS_PER_SECOND,
@@ -200,57 +247,60 @@ public final class Durations {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Convert a Duration to the number of microseconds.The result will be
-   * rounded towards 0 to the nearest microseconds. E.g., if the duration
-   * represents -1 nanosecond, it will be rounded to 0.
+   * Convert a Duration to the number of microseconds. The result will be rounded towards 0 to the
+   * nearest microseconds. E.g., if the duration represents -1 nanosecond, it will be rounded to 0.
    */
   public static long toMicros(Duration duration) {
-    return duration.getSeconds() * MICROS_PER_SECOND + duration.getNanos() / NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND;
+    checkValid(duration);
+    return checkedAdd(
+        checkedMultiply(duration.getSeconds(), MICROS_PER_SECOND),
+        duration.getNanos() / NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND);
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Create a Duration from the number of nanoseconds.
-   */
+  /** Create a Duration from the number of nanoseconds. */
   public static Duration fromNanos(long nanoseconds) {
     return normalizedDuration(
         nanoseconds / NANOS_PER_SECOND, (int) (nanoseconds % NANOS_PER_SECOND));
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Convert a Duration to the number of nanoseconds.
-   */
+  /** Convert a Duration to the number of nanoseconds. */
   public static long toNanos(Duration duration) {
-    return duration.getSeconds() * NANOS_PER_SECOND + duration.getNanos();
+    checkValid(duration);
+    return checkedAdd(
+        checkedMultiply(duration.getSeconds(), NANOS_PER_SECOND), duration.getNanos());
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Add two durations.
-   */
+  /** Add two durations. */
   public static Duration add(Duration d1, Duration d2) {
-    return normalizedDuration(d1.getSeconds() + d2.getSeconds(), d1.getNanos() + d2.getNanos());
+    checkValid(d1);
+    checkValid(d2);
+    return normalizedDuration(
+        checkedAdd(d1.getSeconds(), d2.getSeconds()), checkedAdd(d1.getNanos(), d2.getNanos()));
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Subtract a duration from another.
-   */
+  /** Subtract a duration from another. */
   public static Duration subtract(Duration d1, Duration d2) {
-    return normalizedDuration(d1.getSeconds() - d2.getSeconds(), d1.getNanos() - d2.getNanos());
+    checkValid(d1);
+    checkValid(d2);
+    return normalizedDuration(
+        checkedSubtract(d1.getSeconds(), d2.getSeconds()),
+        checkedSubtract(d1.getNanos(), d2.getNanos()));
   }
 
   static Duration normalizedDuration(long seconds, int nanos) {
     if (nanos <= -NANOS_PER_SECOND || nanos >= NANOS_PER_SECOND) {
-      seconds += nanos / NANOS_PER_SECOND;
+      seconds = checkedAdd(seconds, nanos / NANOS_PER_SECOND);
       nanos %= NANOS_PER_SECOND;
     }
     if (seconds > 0 && nanos < 0) {
-      nanos += NANOS_PER_SECOND;
-      seconds -= 1;
+      nanos += NANOS_PER_SECOND; // no overflow since nanos is negative (and we're adding)
+      seconds--; // no overflow since seconds is positive (and we're decrementing)
     }
     if (seconds < 0 && nanos > 0) {
-      nanos -= NANOS_PER_SECOND;
-      seconds += 1;
+      nanos -= NANOS_PER_SECOND; // no overflow since nanos is positive (and we're subtracting)
+      seconds++; // no overflow since seconds is negative (and we're incrementing)
     }
-    checkValid(seconds, nanos);
-    return Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(seconds).setNanos(nanos).build();
+    Duration duration = Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(seconds).setNanos(nanos).build();
+    return checkValid(duration);
   }
 }
diff --git a/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormat.java b/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormat.java
index d4db9c80..6361b4ac 100644
--- a/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormat.java
+++ b/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormat.java
@@ -640,6 +640,10 @@ public class JsonFormat {
 
     /** Prints google.protobuf.Any */
     private void printAny(MessageOrBuilder message) throws IOException {
+      if (Any.getDefaultInstance().equals(message)) {
+        generator.print("{}");
+        return;
+      }
       Descriptor descriptor = message.getDescriptorForType();
       FieldDescriptor typeUrlField = descriptor.findFieldByName("type_url");
       FieldDescriptor valueField = descriptor.findFieldByName("value");
@@ -1235,6 +1239,9 @@ public class JsonFormat {
         throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Expect message object but got: " + json);
       }
       JsonObject object = (JsonObject) json;
+      if (object.entrySet().isEmpty()) {
+        return; // builder never modified, so it will end up building the default instance of Any
+      }
       JsonElement typeUrlElement = object.get("@type");
       if (typeUrlElement == null) {
         throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException("Missing type url when parsing: " + json);
@@ -1327,6 +1334,9 @@ public class JsonFormat {
         Message.Builder listBuilder = builder.newBuilderForField(field);
         merge(json, listBuilder);
         builder.setField(field, listBuilder.build());
+      } else if (json instanceof JsonNull) {
+        builder.setField(
+            type.findFieldByName("null_value"), NullValue.NULL_VALUE.getValueDescriptor());
       } else {
         throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected json data: " + json);
       }
@@ -1620,11 +1630,6 @@ public class JsonFormat {
     }
 
     private ByteString parseBytes(JsonElement json) throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
-      String encoded = json.getAsString();
-      if (encoded.length() % 4 != 0) {
-        throw new InvalidProtocolBufferException(
-            "Bytes field is not encoded in standard BASE64 with paddings: " + encoded);
-      }
       return ByteString.copyFrom(BaseEncoding.base64().decode(json.getAsString()));
     }
 
diff --git a/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Timestamps.java b/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Timestamps.java
index f1f202da..52b1ab98 100644
--- a/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Timestamps.java
+++ b/java/util/src/main/java/com/google/protobuf/util/Timestamps.java
@@ -30,19 +30,29 @@
 
 package com.google.protobuf.util;
 
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
+import static com.google.common.math.IntMath.checkedAdd;
+import static com.google.common.math.IntMath.checkedSubtract;
+import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.checkedAdd;
+import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.checkedMultiply;
+import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.checkedSubtract;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ComparisonChain;
 import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
 import com.google.protobuf.Timestamp;
-
 import java.text.ParseException;
 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
 import java.util.TimeZone;
 
 /**
- * Utilities to help create/manipulate {@code protobuf/timestamp.proto}.
+ * Utilities to help create/manipulate {@code protobuf/timestamp.proto}. All operations throw an
+ * {@link IllegalArgumentException} if the input(s) are not {@linkplain #isValid(Timestamp) valid}.
  */
 public final class Timestamps {
+
   // Timestamp for "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
   static final long TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MIN = -62135596800L;
 
@@ -55,10 +65,19 @@ public final class Timestamps {
   static final long MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1000;
   static final long MICROS_PER_SECOND = 1000000;
 
-  // TODO(kak): Do we want to expose Timestamp constants for MAX/MIN?
+  /** A constant holding the minimum valid {@link Timestamp}, {@code 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z}. */
+  public static final Timestamp MIN_VALUE =
+      Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MIN).setNanos(0).build();
+
+  /**
+   * A constant holding the maximum valid {@link Timestamp}, {@code 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z}.
+   */
+  public static final Timestamp MAX_VALUE =
+      Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MAX).setNanos(999999999).build();
 
   private static final ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> timestampFormat =
       new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>() {
+        @Override
         protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() {
           return createTimestampFormat();
         }
@@ -76,28 +95,50 @@ public final class Timestamps {
 
   private Timestamps() {}
 
+  private static final Comparator<Timestamp> COMPARATOR =
+      new Comparator<Timestamp>() {
+        @Override
+        public int compare(Timestamp t1, Timestamp t2) {
+          checkValid(t1);
+          checkValid(t2);
+
+          return ComparisonChain.start()
+              .compare(t1.getSeconds(), t2.getSeconds())
+              .compare(t1.getNanos(), t2.getNanos())
+              .result();
+        }
+      };
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a {@link Comparator} for {@link Timestamp}s which sorts in increasing chronological
+   * order. Nulls and invalid {@link Timestamp}s are not allowed (see {@link #isValid}).
+   */
+  public static Comparator<Timestamp> comparator() {
+    return COMPARATOR;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns true if the given {@link Timestamp} is valid. The {@code seconds} value must be in the
    * range [-62,135,596,800, +253,402,300,799] (i.e., between 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z and
    * 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z). The {@code nanos} value must be in the range [0, +999,999,999].
    *
-   * <p>Note: Negative second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos value that
-   * counts forward in time.
+   * <p><b>Note:</b> Negative second values with fractional seconds must still have non-negative
+   * nanos values that count forward in time.
    */
   public static boolean isValid(Timestamp timestamp) {
     return isValid(timestamp.getSeconds(), timestamp.getNanos());
   }
 
   /**
-   * Returns true if the given number of seconds and nanos is a valid {@link Timestamp}. The
-   * {@code seconds} value must be in the range [-62,135,596,800, +253,402,300,799] (i.e., between
+   * Returns true if the given number of seconds and nanos is a valid {@link Timestamp}. The {@code
+   * seconds} value must be in the range [-62,135,596,800, +253,402,300,799] (i.e., between
    * 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z and 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z). The {@code nanos} value must be in the range
    * [0, +999,999,999].
    *
-   * <p>Note: Negative second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos value that
-   * counts forward in time.
+   * <p><b>Note:</b> Negative second values with fractional seconds must still have non-negative
+   * nanos values that count forward in time.
    */
-  public static boolean isValid(long seconds, long nanos) {
+  public static boolean isValid(long seconds, int nanos) {
     if (seconds < TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MIN || seconds > TIMESTAMP_SECONDS_MAX) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -107,37 +148,37 @@ public final class Timestamps {
     return true;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Throws an {@link IllegalArgumentException} if the given seconds/nanos are not
-   * a valid {@link Timestamp}.
-   */
-  private static void checkValid(long seconds, int nanos) {
-    if (!isValid(seconds, nanos)) {
-      throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
-          "Timestamp is not valid. See proto definition for valid values. "
-          + "Seconds (%s) must be in range [-62,135,596,800, +253,402,300,799]."
-          + "Nanos (%s) must be in range [0, +999,999,999].",
-          seconds, nanos));
-    }
+  /** Throws an {@link IllegalArgumentException} if the given {@link Timestamp} is not valid. */
+  public static Timestamp checkValid(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    long seconds = timestamp.getSeconds();
+    int nanos = timestamp.getNanos();
+    checkArgument(
+        isValid(seconds, nanos),
+        "Timestamp is not valid. See proto definition for valid values. "
+            + "Seconds (%s) must be in range [-62,135,596,800, +253,402,300,799]. "
+            + "Nanos (%s) must be in range [0, +999,999,999].",
+        seconds,
+        nanos);
+    return timestamp;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Convert Timestamp to RFC 3339 date string format. The output will always
-   * be Z-normalized and uses 3, 6 or 9 fractional digits as required to
-   * represent the exact value. Note that Timestamp can only represent time
-   * from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z. See
+   * Convert Timestamp to RFC 3339 date string format. The output will always be Z-normalized and
+   * uses 3, 6 or 9 fractional digits as required to represent the exact value. Note that Timestamp
+   * can only represent time from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z. See
    * https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt
    *
    * <p>Example of generated format: "1972-01-01T10:00:20.021Z"
    *
    * @return The string representation of the given timestamp.
-   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given timestamp is not in the
-   *         valid range.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given timestamp is not in the valid range.
    */
   public static String toString(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    checkValid(timestamp);
+
     long seconds = timestamp.getSeconds();
     int nanos = timestamp.getNanos();
-    checkValid(seconds, nanos);
+
     StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
     // Format the seconds part.
     Date date = new Date(seconds * MILLIS_PER_SECOND);
@@ -152,10 +193,9 @@ public final class Timestamps {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Parse from RFC 3339 date string to Timestamp. This method accepts all
-   * outputs of {@link #toString(Timestamp)} and it also accepts any fractional
-   * digits (or none) and any offset as long as they fit into nano-seconds
-   * precision.
+   * Parse from RFC 3339 date string to Timestamp. This method accepts all outputs of {@link
+   * #toString(Timestamp)} and it also accepts any fractional digits (or none) and any offset as
+   * long as they fit into nano-seconds precision.
    *
    * <p>Example of accepted format: "1972-01-01T10:00:20.021-05:00"
    *
@@ -210,13 +250,26 @@ public final class Timestamps {
     try {
       return normalizedTimestamp(seconds, nanos);
     } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-      throw new ParseException("Failed to parse timestmap: timestamp is out of range.", 0);
+      throw new ParseException("Failed to parse timestamp: timestamp is out of range.", 0);
     }
   }
 
+  /** Create a Timestamp from the number of seconds elapsed from the epoch. */
+  public static Timestamp fromSeconds(long seconds) {
+    return normalizedTimestamp(seconds, 0);
+  }
+
   /**
-   * Create a Timestamp from the number of milliseconds elapsed from the epoch.
+   * Convert a Timestamp to the number of seconds elapsed from the epoch.
+   *
+   * <p>The result will be rounded down to the nearest second. E.g., if the timestamp represents
+   * "1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", it will be rounded to -1 second.
    */
+  public static long toSeconds(Timestamp timestamp) {
+    return checkValid(timestamp).getSeconds();
+  }
+
+  /** Create a Timestamp from the number of milliseconds elapsed from the epoch. */
   public static Timestamp fromMillis(long milliseconds) {
     return normalizedTimestamp(
         milliseconds / MILLIS_PER_SECOND,
@@ -226,18 +279,17 @@ public final class Timestamps {
   /**
    * Convert a Timestamp to the number of milliseconds elapsed from the epoch.
    *
-   * <p>The result will be rounded down to the nearest millisecond. E.g., if the
-   * timestamp represents "1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", it will be rounded
-   * to -1 millisecond.
+   * <p>The result will be rounded down to the nearest millisecond. E.g., if the timestamp
+   * represents "1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", it will be rounded to -1 millisecond.
    */
   public static long toMillis(Timestamp timestamp) {
-    return timestamp.getSeconds() * MILLIS_PER_SECOND
-        + timestamp.getNanos() / NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND;
+    checkValid(timestamp);
+    return checkedAdd(
+        checkedMultiply(timestamp.getSeconds(), MILLIS_PER_SECOND),
+        timestamp.getNanos() / NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND);
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Create a Timestamp from the number of microseconds elapsed from the epoch.
-   */
+  /** Create a Timestamp from the number of microseconds elapsed from the epoch. */
   public static Timestamp fromMicros(long microseconds) {
     return normalizedTimestamp(
         microseconds / MICROS_PER_SECOND,
@@ -247,65 +299,67 @@ public final class Timestamps {
   /**
    * Convert a Timestamp to the number of microseconds elapsed from the epoch.
    *
-   * <p>The result will be rounded down to the nearest microsecond. E.g., if the
-   * timestamp represents "1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", it will be rounded
-   * to -1 millisecond.
+   * <p>The result will be rounded down to the nearest microsecond. E.g., if the timestamp
+   * represents "1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z", it will be rounded to -1 millisecond.
    */
   public static long toMicros(Timestamp timestamp) {
-    return timestamp.getSeconds() * MICROS_PER_SECOND
-        + timestamp.getNanos() / NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND;
+    checkValid(timestamp);
+    return checkedAdd(
+        checkedMultiply(timestamp.getSeconds(), MICROS_PER_SECOND),
+        timestamp.getNanos() / NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND);
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Create a Timestamp from the number of nanoseconds elapsed from the epoch.
-   */
+  /** Create a Timestamp from the number of nanoseconds elapsed from the epoch. */
   public static Timestamp fromNanos(long nanoseconds) {
     return normalizedTimestamp(
         nanoseconds / NANOS_PER_SECOND, (int) (nanoseconds % NANOS_PER_SECOND));
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Convert a Timestamp to the number of nanoseconds elapsed from the epoch.
-   */
+  /** Convert a Timestamp to the number of nanoseconds elapsed from the epoch. */
   public static long toNanos(Timestamp timestamp) {
-    return timestamp.getSeconds() * NANOS_PER_SECOND + timestamp.getNanos();
+    checkValid(timestamp);
+    return checkedAdd(
+        checkedMultiply(timestamp.getSeconds(), NANOS_PER_SECOND), timestamp.getNanos());
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Calculate the difference between two timestamps.
-   */
+  /** Calculate the difference between two timestamps. */
   public static Duration between(Timestamp from, Timestamp to) {
+    checkValid(from);
+    checkValid(to);
     return Durations.normalizedDuration(
-        to.getSeconds() - from.getSeconds(), to.getNanos() - from.getNanos());
+        checkedSubtract(to.getSeconds(), from.getSeconds()),
+        checkedSubtract(to.getNanos(), from.getNanos()));
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Add a duration to a timestamp.
-   */
+  /** Add a duration to a timestamp. */
   public static Timestamp add(Timestamp start, Duration length) {
+    checkValid(start);
+    Durations.checkValid(length);
     return normalizedTimestamp(
-        start.getSeconds() + length.getSeconds(), start.getNanos() + length.getNanos());
+        checkedAdd(start.getSeconds(), length.getSeconds()),
+        checkedAdd(start.getNanos(), length.getNanos()));
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Subtract a duration from a timestamp.
-   */
+  /** Subtract a duration from a timestamp. */
   public static Timestamp subtract(Timestamp start, Duration length) {
+    checkValid(start);
+    Durations.checkValid(length);
     return normalizedTimestamp(
-        start.getSeconds() - length.getSeconds(), start.getNanos() - length.getNanos());
+        checkedSubtract(start.getSeconds(), length.getSeconds()),
+        checkedSubtract(start.getNanos(), length.getNanos()));
   }
 
-  private static Timestamp normalizedTimestamp(long seconds, int nanos) {
+  static Timestamp normalizedTimestamp(long seconds, int nanos) {
     if (nanos <= -NANOS_PER_SECOND || nanos >= NANOS_PER_SECOND) {
-      seconds += nanos / NANOS_PER_SECOND;
+      seconds = checkedAdd(seconds, nanos / NANOS_PER_SECOND);
       nanos %= NANOS_PER_SECOND;
     }
     if (nanos < 0) {
-      nanos += NANOS_PER_SECOND;
-      seconds -= 1;
+      nanos += NANOS_PER_SECOND; // no overflow since nanos is negative (and we're adding)
+      seconds = checkedSubtract(seconds, 1);
     }
-    checkValid(seconds, nanos);
-    return Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(seconds).setNanos(nanos).build();
+    Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(seconds).setNanos(nanos).build();
+    return checkValid(timestamp);
   }
 
   private static long parseTimezoneOffset(String value) throws ParseException {
@@ -324,7 +378,7 @@ public final class Timestamps {
       result = result * 10;
       if (i < value.length()) {
         if (value.charAt(i) < '0' || value.charAt(i) > '9') {
-          throw new ParseException("Invalid nanosecnds.", 0);
+          throw new ParseException("Invalid nanoseconds.", 0);
         }
         result += value.charAt(i) - '0';
       }
@@ -332,11 +386,8 @@ public final class Timestamps {
     return result;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Format the nano part of a timestamp or a duration.
-   */
+  /** Format the nano part of a timestamp or a duration. */
   static String formatNanos(int nanos) {
-    assert nanos >= 1 && nanos <= 999999999;
     // Determine whether to use 3, 6, or 9 digits for the nano part.
     if (nanos % NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND == 0) {
       return String.format("%1$03d", nanos / NANOS_PER_MILLISECOND);
diff --git a/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormatTest.java b/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormatTest.java
index c11114c0..32739d44 100644
--- a/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormatTest.java
+++ b/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/JsonFormatTest.java
@@ -60,12 +60,10 @@ import com.google.protobuf.util.JsonTestProto.TestOneof;
 import com.google.protobuf.util.JsonTestProto.TestStruct;
 import com.google.protobuf.util.JsonTestProto.TestTimestamp;
 import com.google.protobuf.util.JsonTestProto.TestWrappers;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 public class JsonFormatTest extends TestCase {
   private void setAllFields(TestAllTypes.Builder builder) {
@@ -819,6 +817,15 @@ public class JsonFormatTest extends TestCase {
         printer.print(message));
     assertRoundTripEquals(message, registry);
 
+    TestAny messageWithDefaultAnyValue =
+        TestAny.newBuilder().setAnyValue(Any.getDefaultInstance()).build();
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"anyValue\": {}\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(messageWithDefaultAnyValue));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(messageWithDefaultAnyValue, registry);
+
     // Well-known types have a special formatting when embedded in Any.
     //
     // 1. Any in Any.
@@ -952,6 +959,8 @@ public class JsonFormatTest extends TestCase {
             + "}",
         printer.print(anyMessage));
     assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+
+    // 7. Value (number type) in Any
     Value.Builder valueBuilder = Value.newBuilder();
     valueBuilder.setNumberValue(1);
     anyMessage = Any.pack(valueBuilder.build());
@@ -962,6 +971,95 @@ public class JsonFormatTest extends TestCase {
             + "}",
         printer.print(anyMessage));
     assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+
+    // 8. Value (null type) in Any
+    anyMessage = Any.pack(Value.newBuilder().setNullValue(NullValue.NULL_VALUE).build());
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value\",\n"
+            + "  \"value\": null\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(anyMessage));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(anyMessage, registry);
+  }
+
+  public void testAnyInMaps() throws Exception {
+    JsonFormat.TypeRegistry registry =
+        JsonFormat.TypeRegistry.newBuilder().add(TestAllTypes.getDescriptor()).build();
+    JsonFormat.Printer printer = JsonFormat.printer().usingTypeRegistry(registry);
+
+    TestAny.Builder testAny = TestAny.newBuilder();
+    testAny.putAnyMap("int32_wrapper", Any.pack(Int32Value.newBuilder().setValue(123).build()));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("int64_wrapper", Any.pack(Int64Value.newBuilder().setValue(456).build()));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("timestamp", Any.pack(Timestamps.parse("1969-12-31T23:59:59Z")));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("duration", Any.pack(Durations.parse("12345.1s")));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("field_mask", Any.pack(FieldMaskUtil.fromString("foo.bar,baz")));
+    Value numberValue = Value.newBuilder().setNumberValue(1.125).build();
+    Struct.Builder struct = Struct.newBuilder();
+    struct.putFields("number", numberValue);
+    testAny.putAnyMap("struct", Any.pack(struct.build()));
+    Value nullValue = Value.newBuilder().setNullValue(NullValue.NULL_VALUE).build();
+    testAny.putAnyMap(
+        "list_value",
+        Any.pack(ListValue.newBuilder().addValues(numberValue).addValues(nullValue).build()));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("number_value", Any.pack(numberValue));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("any_value_number", Any.pack(Any.pack(numberValue)));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("any_value_default", Any.pack(Any.getDefaultInstance()));
+    testAny.putAnyMap("default", Any.getDefaultInstance());
+
+    assertEquals(
+        "{\n"
+            + "  \"anyMap\": {\n"
+            + "    \"int32_wrapper\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": 123\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"int64_wrapper\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int64Value\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": \"456\"\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"timestamp\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": \"1969-12-31T23:59:59Z\"\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"duration\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": \"12345.100s\"\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"field_mask\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": \"foo.bar,baz\"\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"struct\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Struct\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": {\n"
+            + "        \"number\": 1.125\n"
+            + "      }\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"list_value\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.ListValue\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": [1.125, null]\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"number_value\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": 1.125\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"any_value_number\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": {\n"
+            + "        \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Value\",\n"
+            + "        \"value\": 1.125\n"
+            + "      }\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"any_value_default\": {\n"
+            + "      \"@type\": \"type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any\",\n"
+            + "      \"value\": {}\n"
+            + "    },\n"
+            + "    \"default\": {}\n"
+            + "  }\n"
+            + "}",
+        printer.print(testAny.build()));
+    assertRoundTripEquals(testAny.build(), registry);
   }
 
   public void testParserMissingTypeUrl() throws Exception {
@@ -1016,8 +1114,10 @@ public class JsonFormatTest extends TestCase {
 
   public void testParserRejectInvalidBase64() throws Exception {
     assertRejects("optionalBytes", "!@#$");
-    // We use standard BASE64 with paddings.
-    assertRejects("optionalBytes", "AQI");
+  }
+
+  public void testParserAcceptBase64Variants() throws Exception {
+    assertAccepts("optionalBytes", "AQI");
   }
 
   public void testParserRejectInvalidEnumValue() throws Exception {
diff --git a/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/TimeUtilTest.java b/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/TimeUtilTest.java
index a41528ec..5af83d88 100644
--- a/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/TimeUtilTest.java
+++ b/java/util/src/test/java/com/google/protobuf/util/TimeUtilTest.java
@@ -32,14 +32,11 @@ package com.google.protobuf.util;
 
 import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
 import com.google.protobuf.Timestamp;
-
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
-import org.junit.Assert;
-
 import java.text.ParseException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import org.junit.Assert;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link TimeUtil}. */
 public class TimeUtilTest extends TestCase {
diff --git a/java/util/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/util/json_test.proto b/java/util/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/util/json_test.proto
index 4bf223f2..bd22f65a 100644
--- a/java/util/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/util/json_test.proto
+++ b/java/util/src/test/proto/com/google/protobuf/util/json_test.proto
@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@ message TestStruct {
 
 message TestAny {
   google.protobuf.Any any_value = 1;
+  map<string, google.protobuf.Any> any_map = 2;
 }
 
 message TestCustomJsonName {
diff --git a/js/binary/proto_test.js b/js/binary/proto_test.js
index 14d0f42e..26e1d30f 100644
--- a/js/binary/proto_test.js
+++ b/js/binary/proto_test.js
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ describe('protoBinaryTest', function() {
     msg.setRepeatedBytesList([BYTES_B64, BYTES_B64]);
     assertGetters();
 
-    msg.setRepeatedBytesList(null);
+    msg.setRepeatedBytesList([]);
     assertEquals(0, msg.getRepeatedBytesList().length);
     assertEquals(0, msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asB64().length);
     assertEquals(0, msg.getRepeatedBytesList_asU8().length);
diff --git a/js/debug.js b/js/debug.js
index 3c1ada02..46b24853 100644
--- a/js/debug.js
+++ b/js/debug.js
@@ -95,8 +95,7 @@ jspb.debug.dump_ = function(thing) {
     if (match && name != 'getExtension' &&
         name != 'getJsPbMessageId') {
       var has = 'has' + match[1];
-      if (!thing[has] || thing[has]())
-      {
+      if (!thing[has] || thing[has]()) {
         var val = thing[name]();
         object[jspb.debug.formatFieldName_(match[1])] = jspb.debug.dump_(val);
       }
diff --git a/js/debug_test.js b/js/debug_test.js
index 01cbf891..702cc76e 100644
--- a/js/debug_test.js
+++ b/js/debug_test.js
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ describe('debugTest', function() {
       'aBoolean': true
     }, jspb.debug.dump(message));
 
-    message.setAString(undefined);
+    message.clearAString();
 
     assertObjectEquals({
       $name: 'proto.jspb.test.Simple1',
diff --git a/js/map.js b/js/map.js
index e6406a60..0f8401c4 100644
--- a/js/map.js
+++ b/js/map.js
@@ -103,7 +103,10 @@ jspb.Map.prototype.toArray = function() {
       var m = this.map_;
       for (var p in m) {
         if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(m, p)) {
-          m[p].valueWrapper.toArray();
+          var valueWrapper = /** @type {?jspb.Message} */ (m[p].valueWrapper);
+          if (valueWrapper) {
+            valueWrapper.toArray();
+          }
         }
       }
     }
@@ -343,13 +346,13 @@ jspb.Map.prototype.has = function(key) {
  * number.
  * @param {number} fieldNumber
  * @param {!jspb.BinaryWriter} writer
- * @param {function(this:jspb.BinaryWriter,number,K)=} keyWriterFn
+ * @param {!function(this:jspb.BinaryWriter,number,K)} keyWriterFn
  *     The method on BinaryWriter that writes type K to the stream.
- * @param {function(this:jspb.BinaryWriter,number,V)|
- *         function(this:jspb.BinaryReader,V,?)=} valueWriterFn
+ * @param {!function(this:jspb.BinaryWriter,number,V)|
+ *          function(this:jspb.BinaryReader,V,?)} valueWriterFn
  *     The method on BinaryWriter that writes type V to the stream.  May be
  *     writeMessage, in which case the second callback arg form is used.
- * @param {?function(V,!jspb.BinaryWriter)=} opt_valueWriterCallback
+ * @param {function(V,!jspb.BinaryWriter)=} opt_valueWriterCallback
  *    The BinaryWriter serialization callback for type V, if V is a message
  *    type.
  */
@@ -376,14 +379,15 @@ jspb.Map.prototype.serializeBinary = function(
  * Read one key/value message from the given BinaryReader. Compatible as the
  * `reader` callback parameter to jspb.BinaryReader.readMessage, to be called
  * when a key/value pair submessage is encountered.
+ * @template K, V
  * @param {!jspb.Map} map
  * @param {!jspb.BinaryReader} reader
- * @param {function(this:jspb.BinaryReader):K=} keyReaderFn
+ * @param {!function(this:jspb.BinaryReader):K} keyReaderFn
  *     The method on BinaryReader that reads type K from the stream.
  *
- * @param {function(this:jspb.BinaryReader):V|
- *         function(this:jspb.BinaryReader,V,
- *                  function(V,!jspb.BinaryReader))=} valueReaderFn
+ * @param {!function(this:jspb.BinaryReader):V|
+ *          function(this:jspb.BinaryReader,V,
+ *                  function(V,!jspb.BinaryReader))} valueReaderFn
  *    The method on BinaryReader that reads type V from the stream. May be
  *    readMessage, in which case the second callback arg form is used.
  *
diff --git a/js/maps_test.js b/js/maps_test.js
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..3ffb510b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/js/maps_test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+goog.require('goog.testing.asserts');
+goog.require('goog.userAgent');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessage');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessageNoBinary');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestMapFields');
+goog.require('proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary');
+
+/**
+ * Helper: check that the given map has exactly this set of (sorted) entries.
+ * @param {!jspb.Map} map
+ * @param {!Array<!Array<?>>} entries
+ */
+function checkMapEquals(map, entries) {
+  var arr = map.toArray();
+  assertEquals(arr.length, entries.length);
+  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+    assertElementsEquals(arr[i], entries[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts an ES6 iterator to an array.
+ * @template T
+ * @param {!Iterator<T>} iter an iterator
+ * @return {!Array<T>}
+ */
+function toArray(iter) {
+  var arr = [];
+  while (true) {
+    var val = iter.next();
+    if (val.done) {
+      break;
+    }
+    arr.push(val.value);
+  }
+  return arr;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Helper: generate test methods for this TestMapFields class.
+ * @param {?} msgInfo
+ * @param {?} submessageCtor
+ * @param {!string} suffix
+ */
+function makeTests(msgInfo, submessageCtor, suffix) {
+  /**
+   * Helper: fill all maps on a TestMapFields.
+   * @param {?} msg
+   */
+  var fillMapFields = function(msg) {
+    msg.getMapStringStringMap().set('asdf', 'jkl;').set('key 2', 'hello world');
+    msg.getMapStringInt32Map().set('a', 1).set('b', -2);
+    msg.getMapStringInt64Map().set('c', 0x100000000).set('d', 0x200000000);
+    msg.getMapStringBoolMap().set('e', true).set('f', false);
+    msg.getMapStringDoubleMap().set('g', 3.14159).set('h', 2.71828);
+    msg.getMapStringEnumMap()
+        .set('i', proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum.MAP_VALUE_BAR)
+        .set('j', proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum.MAP_VALUE_BAZ);
+    msg.getMapStringMsgMap()
+        .set('k', new submessageCtor())
+        .set('l', new submessageCtor());
+    msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get('k').setFoo(42);
+    msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get('l').setFoo(84);
+    msg.getMapInt32StringMap().set(-1, 'a').set(42, 'b');
+    msg.getMapInt64StringMap().set(0x123456789abc, 'c').set(0xcba987654321, 'd');
+    msg.getMapBoolStringMap().set(false, 'e').set(true, 'f');
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Helper: check all maps on a TestMapFields.
+   * @param {?} msg
+   */
+  var checkMapFields = function(msg) {
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringStringMap(), [
+          ['asdf', 'jkl;'],
+          ['key 2', 'hello world']
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringInt32Map(), [
+          ['a', 1],
+          ['b', -2]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringInt64Map(), [
+          ['c', 0x100000000],
+          ['d', 0x200000000]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringBoolMap(), [
+          ['e', true],
+          ['f', false]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringDoubleMap(), [
+          ['g', 3.14159],
+          ['h', 2.71828]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapStringEnumMap(), [
+          ['i', proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum.MAP_VALUE_BAR],
+          ['j', proto.jspb.test.MapValueEnum.MAP_VALUE_BAZ]
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapInt32StringMap(), [
+          [-1, 'a'],
+          [42, 'b']
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapInt64StringMap(), [
+          [0x123456789abc, 'c'],
+          [0xcba987654321, 'd']
+    ]);
+    checkMapEquals(msg.getMapBoolStringMap(), [
+          [false, 'e'],
+          [true, 'f']
+    ]);
+
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().getLength(), 2);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get('k').getFoo(), 42);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get('l').getFoo(), 84);
+
+    var entries = toArray(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().entries());
+    assertEquals(entries.length, 2);
+    entries.forEach(function(entry) {
+      var key = entry[0];
+      var val = entry[1];
+      assert(val === msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get(key));
+    });
+
+    msg.getMapStringMsgMap().forEach(function(val, key) {
+      assert(val === msg.getMapStringMsgMap().get(key));
+    });
+  };
+
+  it('testMapStringStringField' + suffix, function() {
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringStringMap().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringInt32Map().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringInt64Map().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringBoolMap().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringDoubleMap().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringEnumMap().getLength(), 0);
+    assertEquals(msg.getMapStringMsgMap().getLength(), 0);
+
+    // Re-create to clear out any internally-cached wrappers, etc.
+    msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    var m = msg.getMapStringStringMap();
+    assertEquals(m.has('asdf'), false);
+    assertEquals(m.get('asdf'), undefined);
+    m.set('asdf', 'hello world');
+    assertEquals(m.has('asdf'), true);
+    assertEquals(m.get('asdf'), 'hello world');
+    m.set('jkl;', 'key 2');
+    assertEquals(m.has('jkl;'), true);
+    assertEquals(m.get('jkl;'), 'key 2');
+    assertEquals(m.getLength(), 2);
+    var it = m.entries();
+    assertElementsEquals(it.next().value, ['asdf', 'hello world']);
+    assertElementsEquals(it.next().value, ['jkl;', 'key 2']);
+    assertEquals(it.next().done, true);
+    checkMapEquals(m, [
+        ['asdf', 'hello world'],
+        ['jkl;', 'key 2']
+    ]);
+    m.del('jkl;');
+    assertEquals(m.has('jkl;'), false);
+    assertEquals(m.get('jkl;'), undefined);
+    assertEquals(m.getLength(), 1);
+    it = m.keys();
+    assertEquals(it.next().value, 'asdf');
+    assertEquals(it.next().done, true);
+    it = m.values();
+    assertEquals(it.next().value, 'hello world');
+    assertEquals(it.next().done, true);
+
+    var count = 0;
+    m.forEach(function(value, key, map) {
+      assertEquals(map, m);
+      assertEquals(key, 'asdf');
+      assertEquals(value, 'hello world');
+      count++;
+    });
+    assertEquals(count, 1);
+
+    m.clear();
+    assertEquals(m.getLength(), 0);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests operations on maps with all key and value types.
+   */
+  it('testAllMapTypes' + suffix, function() {
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    fillMapFields(msg);
+    checkMapFields(msg);
+  });
+
+
+  if (msgInfo.deserializeBinary) {
+    /**
+     * Tests serialization and deserialization in binary format.
+     */
+    it('testBinaryFormat' + suffix, function() {
+      if (goog.userAgent.IE && !goog.userAgent.isDocumentModeOrHigher(10)) {
+        // IE8/9 currently doesn't support binary format because they lack
+        // TypedArray.
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Check that the format is correct.
+      var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+      msg.getMapStringStringMap().set('A', 'a');
+      var serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+      var expectedSerialized = [
+          0x0a, 0x6, // field 1 (map_string_string), delimited, length 6
+          0x0a, 0x1, // field 1 in submessage (key), delimited, length 1
+          0x41,      // ASCII 'A'
+          0x12, 0x1, // field 2 in submessage (value), delimited, length 1
+          0x61       // ASCII 'a'
+      ];
+      assertEquals(serialized.length, expectedSerialized.length);
+      for (var i = 0; i < serialized.length; i++) {
+        assertEquals(serialized[i], expectedSerialized[i]);
+      }
+
+      // Check that all map fields successfully round-trip.
+      msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+      fillMapFields(msg);
+      serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
+      var decoded = msgInfo.deserializeBinary(serialized);
+      checkMapFields(decoded);
+    });
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tests serialization and deserialization in JSPB format.
+   */
+  it('testJSPBFormat' + suffix, function() {
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    fillMapFields(msg);
+    var serialized = msg.serialize();
+    var decoded = msgInfo.deserialize(serialized);
+    checkMapFields(decoded);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Tests serialization and deserialization in JSPB format, when there is
+   * a submessage that also contains map entries.  This tests recursive
+   * sync.
+   */
+  it('testJSPBFormatNested' + suffix, function() {
+    var submsg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    var mapValue = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+
+    msg.getMapStringTestmapfieldsMap().set('test', mapValue);
+    msg.setTestMapFields(submsg);
+
+    fillMapFields(submsg);
+    fillMapFields(msg);
+    fillMapFields(mapValue);
+
+    var serialized = msg.serialize();
+
+    var decoded = msgInfo.deserialize(serialized);
+    checkMapFields(decoded);
+
+    var decodedSubmsg = decoded.getTestMapFields();
+    assertNotNull(decodedSubmsg);
+    checkMapFields(decodedSubmsg);
+
+    var decodedMapValue = decoded.getMapStringTestmapfieldsMap().get('test');
+    assertNotNull(decodedMapValue);
+    checkMapFields(decodedMapValue);
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Tests toObject()/fromObject().
+   */
+  it('testToFromObject' + suffix, function() {
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor();
+    fillMapFields(msg);
+    var obj = msg.toObject();
+    var decoded = msgInfo.fromObject(obj);
+    checkMapFields(decoded);
+    obj = msgInfo.deserialize(msg.serialize()).toObject();
+    decoded = msgInfo.fromObject(obj);
+    checkMapFields(decoded);
+  });
+
+
+  /**
+   * Exercises the lazy map<->underlying array sync.
+   */
+  it('testLazyMapSync' + suffix, function() {
+    // Start with a JSPB array containing a few map entries.
+    var entries = [
+        ['a', 'entry 1'],
+        ['c', 'entry 2'],
+        ['b', 'entry 3']
+    ];
+    var msg = new msgInfo.constructor([entries]);
+    assertEquals(entries.length, 3);
+    assertEquals(entries[0][0], 'a');
+    assertEquals(entries[1][0], 'c');
+    assertEquals(entries[2][0], 'b');
+    msg.getMapStringStringMap().del('a');
+    assertEquals(entries.length, 3);  // not yet sync'd
+    msg.toArray();                // force a sync
+    assertEquals(entries.length, 2);
+    assertEquals(entries[0][0], 'b'); // now in sorted order
+    assertEquals(entries[1][0], 'c');
+
+    var a = msg.toArray();
+    assertEquals(a[0], entries);  // retains original reference
+  });
+}
+
+describe('mapsTest', function() {
+  makeTests({
+    constructor: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFields,
+    fromObject: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFields.fromObject,
+    deserialize: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFields.deserialize,
+    deserializeBinary: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFields.deserializeBinary
+  }, proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessage, "_Binary");
+  makeTests({
+    constructor: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary,
+    fromObject: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary.fromObject,
+    deserialize: proto.jspb.test.TestMapFieldsNoBinary.deserialize,
+    deserializeBinary: null
+  }, proto.jspb.test.MapValueMessageNoBinary, "_NoBinary");
+});
diff --git a/js/message.js b/js/message.js
index 631ebe69..b150722a 100644
--- a/js/message.js
+++ b/js/message.js
@@ -106,17 +106,17 @@ jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo = function(fieldNumber, fieldName, ctor, toObjectFn,
 /**
  * Stores binary-related information for a single extension field.
  * @param {!jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo<T>} fieldInfo
- * @param {?function(number,?)=} binaryReaderFn
- * @param {?function(number,?)|function(number,?,?,?,?,?)=} binaryWriterFn
- * @param {?function(?,?)=} opt_binaryMessageSerializeFn
- * @param {?function(?,?)=} opt_binaryMessageDeserializeFn
- * @param {?boolean=} opt_isPacked
+ * @param {!function(number,?)} binaryReaderFn
+ * @param {!function(number,?)|function(number,?,?,?,?,?)} binaryWriterFn
+ * @param {function(?,?)=} opt_binaryMessageSerializeFn
+ * @param {function(?,?)=} opt_binaryMessageDeserializeFn
+ * @param {boolean=} opt_isPacked
  * @constructor
  * @struct
  * @template T
  */
 jspb.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo = function(fieldInfo, binaryReaderFn, binaryWriterFn,
-    binaryMessageSerializeFn, binaryMessageDeserializeFn, isPacked) {
+    opt_binaryMessageSerializeFn, opt_binaryMessageDeserializeFn, opt_isPacked) {
   /** @const */
   this.fieldInfo = fieldInfo;
   /** @const */
@@ -124,11 +124,11 @@ jspb.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo = function(fieldInfo, binaryReaderFn, binaryWriter
   /** @const */
   this.binaryWriterFn = binaryWriterFn;
   /** @const */
-  this.binaryMessageSerializeFn = binaryMessageSerializeFn;
+  this.binaryMessageSerializeFn = opt_binaryMessageSerializeFn;
   /** @const */
-  this.binaryMessageDeserializeFn = binaryMessageDeserializeFn;
+  this.binaryMessageDeserializeFn = opt_binaryMessageDeserializeFn;
   /** @const */
-  this.isPacked = isPacked;
+  this.isPacked = opt_isPacked;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ jspb.Message.assertConsistentTypes_ = function(array) {
  * @return {T} The field's value.
  * @protected
  */
-jspb.Message.getFieldProto3 = function(msg, fieldNumber, defaultValue) {
+jspb.Message.getFieldWithDefault = function(msg, fieldNumber, defaultValue) {
   var value = jspb.Message.getField(msg, fieldNumber);
   if (value == null) {
     return defaultValue;
@@ -811,6 +811,24 @@ jspb.Message.setField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value) {
 
 
 /**
+ * Adds a value to a repeated, primitive field.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {string|number|boolean|!Uint8Array} value New value
+ * @param {number=} opt_index Index where to put new value.
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.addToRepeatedField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value, opt_index) {
+  var arr = jspb.Message.getField(msg, fieldNumber);
+  if (opt_index != undefined) {
+    arr.splice(opt_index, 0, value);
+  } else {
+    arr.push(value);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
  * Sets the value of a field in a oneof union and clears all other fields in
  * the union.
  * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
@@ -907,6 +925,24 @@ jspb.Message.getWrapperField = function(msg, ctor, fieldNumber, opt_required) {
  * @protected
  */
 jspb.Message.getRepeatedWrapperField = function(msg, ctor, fieldNumber) {
+  jspb.Message.wrapRepeatedField_(msg, ctor, fieldNumber);
+  var val = msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber];
+  if (val == jspb.Message.EMPTY_LIST_SENTINEL_) {
+    val = msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = [];
+  }
+  return /** @type {!Array<!jspb.Message>} */ (val);
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Wraps underlying array into proto message representation if it wasn't done
+ * before.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {function(new:jspb.Message, ?Array)} ctor Constructor for the field.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @private
+ */
+jspb.Message.wrapRepeatedField_ = function(msg, ctor, fieldNumber) {
   if (!msg.wrappers_) {
     msg.wrappers_ = {};
   }
@@ -917,11 +953,6 @@ jspb.Message.getRepeatedWrapperField = function(msg, ctor, fieldNumber) {
     }
     msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = wrappers;
   }
-  var val = msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber];
-  if (val == jspb.Message.EMPTY_LIST_SENTINEL_) {
-    val = msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = [];
-  }
-  return /** @type {Array<!jspb.Message>} */ (val);
 };
 
 
@@ -981,6 +1012,48 @@ jspb.Message.setRepeatedWrapperField = function(msg, fieldNumber, value) {
 
 
 /**
+ * Add a message to a repeated proto field.
+ * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A jspb proto.
+ * @param {number} fieldNumber The field number.
+ * @param {T_CHILD|undefined} value Proto that will be added to the
+ *     repeated field.
+ * @param {function(new:T_CHILD, ?Array=)} ctor The constructor of the
+ *     message type.
+ * @param {number|undefined} index Index at which to insert the value.
+ * @return {T_CHILD_NOT_UNDEFINED} proto that was inserted to the repeated field
+ * @template MessageType
+ * Use go/closure-ttl to declare a non-undefined version of T_CHILD. Replace the
+ * undefined in blah|undefined with none. This is necessary because the compiler
+ * will infer T_CHILD to be |undefined.
+ * @template T_CHILD
+ * @template T_CHILD_NOT_UNDEFINED :=
+ *     cond(isUnknown(T_CHILD), unknown(),
+ *       mapunion(T_CHILD, (X) =>
+ *         cond(eq(X, 'undefined'), none(), X)))
+ * =:
+ * @protected
+ */
+jspb.Message.addToRepeatedWrapperField = function(
+    msg, fieldNumber, value, ctor, index) {
+  jspb.Message.wrapRepeatedField_(msg, ctor, fieldNumber);
+  var wrapperArray = msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber];
+  if (!wrapperArray) {
+    wrapperArray = msg.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = [];
+  }
+  var insertedValue = value ? value : new ctor();
+  var array = jspb.Message.getField(msg, fieldNumber);
+  if (index != undefined) {
+    wrapperArray.splice(index, 0, insertedValue);
+    array.splice(index, 0, insertedValue.toArray());
+  } else {
+    wrapperArray.push(insertedValue);
+    array.push(insertedValue.toArray());
+  }
+  return insertedValue;
+};
+
+
+/**
  * Converts a JsPb repeated message field into a map. The map will contain
  * protos unless an optional toObject function is given, in which case it will
  * contain objects suitable for Soy rendering.
@@ -1114,32 +1187,39 @@ jspb.Message.prototype.getExtension = function(fieldInfo) {
  * @param {jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo} fieldInfo Specifies the field to set.
  * @param {jspb.Message|string|Uint8Array|number|boolean|Array?} value The value
  *     to set.
+ * @return {THIS} For chaining
+ * @this {THIS}
+ * @template THIS
  */
 jspb.Message.prototype.setExtension = function(fieldInfo, value) {
-  if (!this.wrappers_) {
-    this.wrappers_ = {};
+  // Cast self, since the inferred THIS is unknown inside the function body.
+  // https://github.com/google/closure-compiler/issues/1411#issuecomment-232442220
+  var self = /** @type {!jspb.Message} */ (this);
+  if (!self.wrappers_) {
+    self.wrappers_ = {};
   }
-  jspb.Message.maybeInitEmptyExtensionObject_(this);
+  jspb.Message.maybeInitEmptyExtensionObject_(self);
   var fieldNumber = fieldInfo.fieldIndex;
   if (fieldInfo.isRepeated) {
     value = value || [];
     if (fieldInfo.isMessageType()) {
-      this.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = value;
-      this.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = goog.array.map(
+      self.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = value;
+      self.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = goog.array.map(
           /** @type {Array<jspb.Message>} */ (value), function(msg) {
         return msg.toArray();
       });
     } else {
-      this.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = value;
+      self.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = value;
     }
   } else {
     if (fieldInfo.isMessageType()) {
-      this.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = value;
-      this.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = value ? value.toArray() : value;
+      self.wrappers_[fieldNumber] = value;
+      self.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = value ? value.toArray() : value;
     } else {
-      this.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = value;
+      self.extensionObject_[fieldNumber] = value;
     }
   }
+  return self;
 };
 
 
@@ -1308,7 +1388,30 @@ jspb.Message.compareFields = function(field1, field2) {
 
 
 /**
- * Static clone function. NOTE: A type-safe method called "cloneMessage" exists
+ * Templated, type-safe cloneMessage definition.
+ * @return {THIS}
+ * @this {THIS}
+ * @template THIS
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.cloneMessage = function() {
+  return jspb.Message.cloneMessage(/** @type {!jspb.Message} */ (this));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Alias clone to cloneMessage. goog.object.unsafeClone uses clone to
+ * efficiently copy objects. Without this alias, copying jspb messages comes
+ * with a large performance penalty.
+ * @return {THIS}
+ * @this {THIS}
+ * @template THIS
+ */
+jspb.Message.prototype.clone = function() {
+  return jspb.Message.cloneMessage(/** @type {!jspb.Message} */ (this));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Static clone function. NOTE: A type-safe method called "cloneMessage"
+ * exists
  * on each generated JsPb class. Do not call this function directly.
  * @param {!jspb.Message} msg A message to clone.
  * @return {!jspb.Message} A deep clone of the given message.
@@ -1429,3 +1532,4 @@ jspb.Message.registry_ = {};
  * @type {!Object.<number, jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo>}
  */
 jspb.Message.messageSetExtensions = {};
+jspb.Message.messageSetExtensionsBinary = {};
diff --git a/js/message_test.js b/js/message_test.js
index b7791431..97c594c8 100644
--- a/js/message_test.js
+++ b/js/message_test.js
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ describe('Message test suite', function() {
     assertFalse(response.hasEnumField());
   });
 
-  it('testMessageRegistration', function() {
+  it('testMessageRegistration', /** @suppress {visibility} */ function() {
     // goog.require(SomeResponse) will include its library, which will in
     // turn add SomeResponse to the message registry.
     assertEquals(jspb.Message.registry_['res'], proto.jspb.test.SomeResponse);
@@ -297,47 +297,9 @@ describe('Message test suite', function() {
     var expected = [,,, [], []];
     expected[0] = expected[1] = expected[2] = undefined;
     assertObjectEquals(expected, foo.toArray());
-
-    // Test set(null). We could deprecated this in favor of clear(), but
-    // it's also convenient to have.
-    data = ['str', true, [11], [[22], [33]], ['s1', 's2']];
-    foo = new proto.jspb.test.OptionalFields(data);
-    foo.setAString(null);
-    foo.setABool(null);
-    foo.setANestedMessage(null);
-    foo.setARepeatedMessageList(null);
-    foo.setARepeatedStringList(null);
-    assertEquals('', foo.getAString());
-    assertEquals(false, foo.getABool());
-    assertNull(foo.getANestedMessage());
-    assertFalse(foo.hasAString());
-    assertFalse(foo.hasABool());
-    assertObjectEquals([], foo.getARepeatedMessageList());
-    assertObjectEquals([], foo.getARepeatedStringList());
-    assertObjectEquals([null, null, null, [], []], foo.toArray());
-
-    // Test set(undefined). Again, not something we really need, and not
-    // supported directly by our typing, but it should 'do the right thing'.
-    data = ['str', true, [11], [[22], [33]], ['s1', 's2']];
-    foo = new proto.jspb.test.OptionalFields(data);
-    foo.setAString(undefined);
-    foo.setABool(undefined);
-    foo.setANestedMessage(undefined);
-    foo.setARepeatedMessageList(undefined);
-    foo.setARepeatedStringList(undefined);
-    assertEquals('', foo.getAString());
-    assertEquals(false, foo.getABool());
-    assertUndefined(foo.getANestedMessage());
-    assertFalse(foo.hasAString());
-    assertFalse(foo.hasABool());
-    assertObjectEquals([], foo.getARepeatedMessageList());
-    assertObjectEquals([], foo.getARepeatedStringList());
-    expected = [,,, [], []];
-    expected[0] = expected[1] = expected[2] = undefined;
-    assertObjectEquals(expected, foo.toArray());
   });
 
-  it('testDifferenceRawObject', function() {
+  it('testDifferenceRawObject', /** @suppress {visibility} */ function() {
     var p1 = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', 'diff', {}]);
     var p2 = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['hi', 'what',
                                                {1000: 'unique'}]);
@@ -477,7 +439,7 @@ describe('Message test suite', function() {
     var extension = new proto.jspb.test.CloneExtension();
     extension.setExt('e1');
     original.setExtension(proto.jspb.test.IsExtension.extField, extension);
-    var clone = original.cloneMessage();
+    var clone = original.clone();
     assertArrayEquals(['v1',, ['x1', ['y1', 'z1']],,
       [['x2', ['y2', 'z2']], ['x3', ['y3', 'z3']]], bytes1,, { 100: [, 'e1'] }],
         clone.toArray());
@@ -712,11 +674,12 @@ describe('Message test suite', function() {
     assertArrayEquals([1, 2, 3, {1: 'hi'}], msg.toArray());
   });
 
-  it('testExtendedMessageEnsureObject', function() {
-    var data = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['str1',
-        {'a_key': 'an_object'}]);
-    assertEquals('an_object', data.extensionObject_['a_key']);
-  });
+  it('testExtendedMessageEnsureObject',
+     /** @suppress {visibility} */ function() {
+       var data =
+           new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['str1', {'a_key': 'an_object'}]);
+       assertEquals('an_object', data.extensionObject_['a_key']);
+     });
 
   it('testToObject_hasExtensionField', function() {
     var data = new proto.jspb.test.HasExtensions(['str1', {100: ['ext1']}]);
diff --git a/js/proto3_test.js b/js/proto3_test.js
index fab0fd44..3c929eff 100644
--- a/js/proto3_test.js
+++ b/js/proto3_test.js
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ describe('proto3Test', function() {
     msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_BAR);
     msg.setOptionalForeignEnum(proto.jspb.test.Proto3Enum.PROTO3_FOO);
     msg.setOneofUint32(32);
-    msg.setOneofUint32(null);
+    msg.clearOneofUint32();
 
 
     var serialized = msg.serializeBinary();
diff --git a/objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h b/objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h
index 67380704..e70138a0 100644
--- a/objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h
+++ b/objectivec/google/protobuf/Duration.pbobjc.h
@@ -92,6 +92,12 @@ typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBDuration_FieldNumber) {
  *       end.seconds += 1;
  *       end.nanos -= 1000000000;
  *     }
+ *
+ * Example 3: Compute Duration from datetime.timedelta in Python.
+ *
+ *     td = datetime.timedelta(days=3, minutes=10)
+ *     duration = Duration()
+ *     duration.FromTimedelta(td)
  **/
 @interface GPBDuration : GPBMessage
 
diff --git a/objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h b/objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h
index 6434ac18..07e60818 100644
--- a/objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h
+++ b/objectivec/google/protobuf/FieldMask.pbobjc.h
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBFieldMask_FieldNumber) {
  *     }
  *
  * A repeated field is not allowed except at the last position of a
- * field mask.
+ * paths string.
  *
  * If a FieldMask object is not present in a get operation, the
  * operation applies to all fields (as if a FieldMask of all fields
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBFieldMask_FieldNumber) {
  *
  * If a repeated field is specified for an update operation, the existing
  * repeated values in the target resource will be overwritten by the new values.
- * Note that a repeated field is only allowed in the last position of a field
- * mask.
+ * Note that a repeated field is only allowed in the last position of a `paths`
+ * string.
  *
  * If a sub-message is specified in the last position of the field mask for an
  * update operation, then the existing sub-message in the target resource is
diff --git a/objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h b/objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h
index 898f88e3..9c83d094 100644
--- a/objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h
+++ b/objectivec/google/protobuf/Timestamp.pbobjc.h
@@ -101,16 +101,14 @@ typedef GPB_ENUM(GPBTimestamp_FieldNumber) {
  *
  * Example 5: Compute Timestamp from current time in Python.
  *
- *     now = time.time()
- *     seconds = int(now)
- *     nanos = int((now - seconds) * 10**9)
- *     timestamp = Timestamp(seconds=seconds, nanos=nanos)
+ *     timestamp = Timestamp()
+ *     timestamp.GetCurrentTime()
  **/
 @interface GPBTimestamp : GPBMessage
 
 /**
  * Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch
- * 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
+ * 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
  * 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive.
  **/
 @property(nonatomic, readwrite) int64_t seconds;
diff --git a/php/tests/test.pb.php b/php/tests/test.pb.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed316b6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/php/tests/test.pb.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1385 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: test.proto
+
+namespace Foo;
+
+require_once('test_include.pb.php');
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+class TestMessage extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    private $optional_int32 = 0;
+    private $optional_int64 = 0;
+    private $optional_uint32 = 0;
+    private $optional_uint64 = 0;
+    private $optional_sint32 = 0;
+    private $optional_sint64 = 0;
+    private $optional_fixed32 = 0;
+    private $optional_fixed64 = 0;
+    private $optional_sfixed32 = 0;
+    private $optional_sfixed64 = 0;
+    private $optional_float = 0.0;
+    private $optional_double = 0.0;
+    private $optional_bool = false;
+    private $optional_string = '';
+    private $optional_bytes = '';
+    private $optional_enum = 0;
+    private $optional_message = null;
+    private $optional_included_message = null;
+    private $recursive = null;
+    private $repeated_int32;
+    private $repeated_int64;
+    private $repeated_uint32;
+    private $repeated_uint64;
+    private $repeated_sint32;
+    private $repeated_sint64;
+    private $repeated_fixed32;
+    private $repeated_fixed64;
+    private $repeated_sfixed32;
+    private $repeated_sfixed64;
+    private $repeated_float;
+    private $repeated_double;
+    private $repeated_bool;
+    private $repeated_string;
+    private $repeated_bytes;
+    private $repeated_enum;
+    private $repeated_message;
+    private $repeated_recursive;
+    private $map_int32_int32;
+    private $map_int64_int64;
+    private $map_uint32_uint32;
+    private $map_uint64_uint64;
+    private $map_sint32_sint32;
+    private $map_sint64_sint64;
+    private $map_fixed32_fixed32;
+    private $map_fixed64_fixed64;
+    private $map_sfixed32_sfixed32;
+    private $map_sfixed64_sfixed64;
+    private $map_int32_float;
+    private $map_int32_double;
+    private $map_bool_bool;
+    private $map_string_string;
+    private $map_int32_bytes;
+    private $map_int32_enum;
+    private $map_int32_message;
+    private $map_recursive;
+    protected $my_oneof;
+
+    public function getOptionalInt32()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_int32;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalInt32($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->optional_int32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalInt64()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_int64;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalInt64($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt64($var);
+        $this->optional_int64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalUint32()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_uint32;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalUint32($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint32($var);
+        $this->optional_uint32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalUint64()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_uint64;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalUint64($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint64($var);
+        $this->optional_uint64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalSint32()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_sint32;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalSint32($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->optional_sint32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalSint64()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_sint64;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalSint64($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt64($var);
+        $this->optional_sint64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalFixed32()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_fixed32;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalFixed32($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint32($var);
+        $this->optional_fixed32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalFixed64()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_fixed64;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalFixed64($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint64($var);
+        $this->optional_fixed64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalSfixed32()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_sfixed32;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalSfixed32($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->optional_sfixed32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalSfixed64()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_sfixed64;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalSfixed64($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt64($var);
+        $this->optional_sfixed64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalFloat()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_float;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalFloat($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkFloat($var);
+        $this->optional_float = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalDouble()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_double;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalDouble($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkDouble($var);
+        $this->optional_double = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalBool()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_bool;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalBool($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->optional_bool = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalString()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_string;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalString($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->optional_string = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalBytes()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_bytes;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalBytes($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, False);
+        $this->optional_bytes = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalEnum()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_enum;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalEnum($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Foo\TestEnum::class);
+        $this->optional_enum = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalMessage()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_message;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalMessage(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Foo\TestMessage_Sub::class);
+        $this->optional_message = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOptionalIncludedMessage()
+    {
+        return $this->optional_included_message;
+    }
+
+    public function setOptionalIncludedMessage(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Bar\TestInclude::class);
+        $this->optional_included_message = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRecursive()
+    {
+        return $this->recursive;
+    }
+
+    public function setRecursive(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Foo\TestMessage::class);
+        $this->recursive = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedInt32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_int32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedInt32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::INT32);
+        $this->repeated_int32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedInt64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_int64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedInt64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::INT64);
+        $this->repeated_int64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedUint32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_uint32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedUint32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::UINT32);
+        $this->repeated_uint32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedUint64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_uint64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedUint64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::UINT64);
+        $this->repeated_uint64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedSint32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_sint32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedSint32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::SINT32);
+        $this->repeated_sint32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedSint64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_sint64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedSint64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::SINT64);
+        $this->repeated_sint64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedFixed32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_fixed32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedFixed32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::FIXED32);
+        $this->repeated_fixed32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedFixed64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_fixed64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedFixed64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::FIXED64);
+        $this->repeated_fixed64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedSfixed32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_sfixed32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedSfixed32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::SFIXED32);
+        $this->repeated_sfixed32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedSfixed64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_sfixed64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedSfixed64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::SFIXED64);
+        $this->repeated_sfixed64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedFloat()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_float;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedFloat(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::FLOAT);
+        $this->repeated_float = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedDouble()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_double;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedDouble(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::DOUBLE);
+        $this->repeated_double = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedBool()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_bool;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedBool(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::BOOL);
+        $this->repeated_bool = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedString()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_string;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedString(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::STRING);
+        $this->repeated_string = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedBytes()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_bytes;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedBytes(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::BYTES);
+        $this->repeated_bytes = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedEnum()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_enum;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedEnum(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::ENUM, Foo\TestEnum::class);
+        $this->repeated_enum = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedMessage()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_message;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedMessage(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::MESSAGE, \Foo\TestMessage_Sub::class);
+        $this->repeated_message = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedRecursive()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_recursive;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedRecursive(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::MESSAGE, \Foo\TestMessage::class);
+        $this->repeated_recursive = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofInt32()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(51);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofInt32($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(51, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofInt64()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(52);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofInt64($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt64($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(52, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofUint32()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(53);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofUint32($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint32($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(53, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofUint64()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(54);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofUint64($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint64($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(54, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofSint32()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(55);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofSint32($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint32($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(55, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofSint64()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(56);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofSint64($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint64($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(56, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofFixed32()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(57);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofFixed32($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint32($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(57, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofFixed64()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(58);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofFixed64($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint64($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(58, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofSfixed32()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(59);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofSfixed32($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint32($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(59, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofSfixed64()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(60);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofSfixed64($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkUint64($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(60, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofDouble()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(61);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofDouble($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkDouble($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(61, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofFloat()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(62);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofFloat($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkFloat($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(62, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofBool()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(63);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofBool($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkBool($var);
+        $this->writeOneof(63, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofString()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(64);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofString($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, True);
+        $this->writeOneof(64, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofBytes()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(65);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofBytes($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkString($var, False);
+        $this->writeOneof(65, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofEnum()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(66);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofEnum($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkEnum($var, \Foo\TestEnum::class);
+        $this->writeOneof(66, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getOneofMessage()
+    {
+        return $this->readOneof(67);
+    }
+
+    public function setOneofMessage(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkMessage($var, \Foo\TestMessage_Sub::class);
+        $this->writeOneof(67, $var);
+    }
+
+    public function getMapInt32Int32()
+    {
+        return $this->map_int32_int32;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapInt32Int32(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_int32_int32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapInt64Int64()
+    {
+        return $this->map_int64_int64;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapInt64Int64(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_int64_int64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapUint32Uint32()
+    {
+        return $this->map_uint32_uint32;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapUint32Uint32(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_uint32_uint32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapUint64Uint64()
+    {
+        return $this->map_uint64_uint64;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapUint64Uint64(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_uint64_uint64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapSint32Sint32()
+    {
+        return $this->map_sint32_sint32;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapSint32Sint32(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_sint32_sint32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapSint64Sint64()
+    {
+        return $this->map_sint64_sint64;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapSint64Sint64(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_sint64_sint64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapFixed32Fixed32()
+    {
+        return $this->map_fixed32_fixed32;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapFixed32Fixed32(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_fixed32_fixed32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapFixed64Fixed64()
+    {
+        return $this->map_fixed64_fixed64;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapFixed64Fixed64(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_fixed64_fixed64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapSfixed32Sfixed32()
+    {
+        return $this->map_sfixed32_sfixed32;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapSfixed32Sfixed32(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_sfixed32_sfixed32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapSfixed64Sfixed64()
+    {
+        return $this->map_sfixed64_sfixed64;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapSfixed64Sfixed64(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_sfixed64_sfixed64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapInt32Float()
+    {
+        return $this->map_int32_float;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapInt32Float(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_int32_float = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapInt32Double()
+    {
+        return $this->map_int32_double;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapInt32Double(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_int32_double = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapBoolBool()
+    {
+        return $this->map_bool_bool;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapBoolBool(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_bool_bool = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapStringString()
+    {
+        return $this->map_string_string;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapStringString(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_string_string = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapInt32Bytes()
+    {
+        return $this->map_int32_bytes;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapInt32Bytes(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_int32_bytes = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapInt32Enum()
+    {
+        return $this->map_int32_enum;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapInt32Enum(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_int32_enum = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapInt32Message()
+    {
+        return $this->map_int32_message;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapInt32Message(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_int32_message = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMapRecursive()
+    {
+        return $this->map_recursive;
+    }
+
+    public function setMapRecursive(&$var)
+    {
+        $this->map_recursive = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getMyOneof()
+    {
+        return $this->my_oneof;
+    }
+
+}
+
+class TestMessage_Sub extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    private $a = 0;
+
+    public function getA()
+    {
+        return $this->a;
+    }
+
+    public function setA($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->a = $var;
+    }
+
+}
+
+class TestPackedMessage extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    private $repeated_int32;
+    private $repeated_int64;
+    private $repeated_uint32;
+    private $repeated_uint64;
+    private $repeated_sint32;
+    private $repeated_sint64;
+    private $repeated_fixed32;
+    private $repeated_fixed64;
+    private $repeated_sfixed32;
+    private $repeated_sfixed64;
+    private $repeated_float;
+    private $repeated_double;
+    private $repeated_bool;
+    private $repeated_enum;
+
+    public function getRepeatedInt32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_int32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedInt32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::INT32);
+        $this->repeated_int32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedInt64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_int64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedInt64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::INT64);
+        $this->repeated_int64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedUint32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_uint32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedUint32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::UINT32);
+        $this->repeated_uint32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedUint64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_uint64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedUint64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::UINT64);
+        $this->repeated_uint64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedSint32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_sint32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedSint32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::SINT32);
+        $this->repeated_sint32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedSint64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_sint64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedSint64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::SINT64);
+        $this->repeated_sint64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedFixed32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_fixed32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedFixed32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::FIXED32);
+        $this->repeated_fixed32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedFixed64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_fixed64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedFixed64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::FIXED64);
+        $this->repeated_fixed64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedSfixed32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_sfixed32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedSfixed32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::SFIXED32);
+        $this->repeated_sfixed32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedSfixed64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_sfixed64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedSfixed64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::SFIXED64);
+        $this->repeated_sfixed64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedFloat()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_float;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedFloat(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::FLOAT);
+        $this->repeated_float = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedDouble()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_double;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedDouble(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::DOUBLE);
+        $this->repeated_double = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedBool()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_bool;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedBool(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::BOOL);
+        $this->repeated_bool = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedEnum()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_enum;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedEnum(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::ENUM, Foo\TestEnum::class);
+        $this->repeated_enum = $var;
+    }
+
+}
+
+class TestUnpackedMessage extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    private $repeated_int32;
+    private $repeated_int64;
+    private $repeated_uint32;
+    private $repeated_uint64;
+    private $repeated_sint32;
+    private $repeated_sint64;
+    private $repeated_fixed32;
+    private $repeated_fixed64;
+    private $repeated_sfixed32;
+    private $repeated_sfixed64;
+    private $repeated_float;
+    private $repeated_double;
+    private $repeated_bool;
+    private $repeated_enum;
+
+    public function getRepeatedInt32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_int32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedInt32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::INT32);
+        $this->repeated_int32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedInt64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_int64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedInt64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::INT64);
+        $this->repeated_int64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedUint32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_uint32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedUint32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::UINT32);
+        $this->repeated_uint32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedUint64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_uint64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedUint64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::UINT64);
+        $this->repeated_uint64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedSint32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_sint32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedSint32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::SINT32);
+        $this->repeated_sint32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedSint64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_sint64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedSint64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::SINT64);
+        $this->repeated_sint64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedFixed32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_fixed32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedFixed32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::FIXED32);
+        $this->repeated_fixed32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedFixed64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_fixed64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedFixed64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::FIXED64);
+        $this->repeated_fixed64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedSfixed32()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_sfixed32;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedSfixed32(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::SFIXED32);
+        $this->repeated_sfixed32 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedSfixed64()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_sfixed64;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedSfixed64(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::SFIXED64);
+        $this->repeated_sfixed64 = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedFloat()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_float;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedFloat(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::FLOAT);
+        $this->repeated_float = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedDouble()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_double;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedDouble(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::DOUBLE);
+        $this->repeated_double = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedBool()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_bool;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedBool(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::BOOL);
+        $this->repeated_bool = $var;
+    }
+
+    public function getRepeatedEnum()
+    {
+        return $this->repeated_enum;
+    }
+
+    public function setRepeatedEnum(&$var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkRepeatedField($var, GPBType::ENUM, Foo\TestEnum::class);
+        $this->repeated_enum = $var;
+    }
+
+}
+
+class TestEnum
+{
+    const ZERO = 0;
+    const ONE = 1;
+}
+
+$pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+$pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(
+    "0a83250a0a746573742e70726f746f1203666f6f1a12746573745f696e63" .
+    "6c7564652e70726f746f22be1d0a0b546573744d65737361676512160a0e" .
+    "6f7074696f6e616c5f696e74333218012001280512160a0e6f7074696f6e" .
+    "616c5f696e74363418022001280312170a0f6f7074696f6e616c5f75696e" .
+    "74333218032001280d12170a0f6f7074696f6e616c5f75696e7436341804" .
+    "2001280412170a0f6f7074696f6e616c5f73696e74333218052001281112" .
+    "170a0f6f7074696f6e616c5f73696e74363418062001281212180a106f70" .
+    "74696f6e616c5f6669786564333218072001280712180a106f7074696f6e" .
+    "616c5f6669786564363418082001280612190a116f7074696f6e616c5f73" .
+    "6669786564333218092001280f12190a116f7074696f6e616c5f73666978" .
+    "65643634180a2001281012160a0e6f7074696f6e616c5f666c6f6174180b" .
+    "2001280212170a0f6f7074696f6e616c5f646f75626c65180c2001280112" .
+    "150a0d6f7074696f6e616c5f626f6f6c180d2001280812170a0f6f707469" .
+    "6f6e616c5f737472696e67180e2001280912160a0e6f7074696f6e616c5f" .
+    "6279746573180f2001280c12240a0d6f7074696f6e616c5f656e756d1810" .
+    "2001280e320d2e666f6f2e54657374456e756d122e0a106f7074696f6e61" .
+    "6c5f6d65737361676518112001280b32142e666f6f2e546573744d657373" .
+    "6167652e53756212330a196f7074696f6e616c5f696e636c756465645f6d" .
+    "65737361676518122001280b32102e6261722e54657374496e636c756465" .
+    "12230a0972656375727369766518132001280b32102e666f6f2e54657374" .
+    "4d65737361676512160a0e72657065617465645f696e743332181f200328" .
+    "0512160a0e72657065617465645f696e74363418202003280312170a0f72" .
+    "657065617465645f75696e74333218212003280d12170a0f726570656174" .
+    "65645f75696e74363418222003280412170a0f72657065617465645f7369" .
+    "6e74333218232003281112170a0f72657065617465645f73696e74363418" .
+    "242003281212180a1072657065617465645f666978656433321825200328" .
+    "0712180a1072657065617465645f6669786564363418262003280612190a" .
+    "1172657065617465645f736669786564333218272003280f12190a117265" .
+    "7065617465645f736669786564363418282003281012160a0e7265706561" .
+    "7465645f666c6f617418292003280212170a0f72657065617465645f646f" .
+    "75626c65182a2003280112150a0d72657065617465645f626f6f6c182b20" .
+    "03280812170a0f72657065617465645f737472696e67182c200328091216" .
+    "0a0e72657065617465645f6279746573182d2003280c12240a0d72657065" .
+    "617465645f656e756d182e2003280e320d2e666f6f2e54657374456e756d" .
+    "122e0a1072657065617465645f6d657373616765182f2003280b32142e66" .
+    "6f6f2e546573744d6573736167652e537562122c0a127265706561746564" .
+    "5f72656375727369766518302003280b32102e666f6f2e546573744d6573" .
+    "7361676512150a0b6f6e656f665f696e743332183320012805480012150a" .
+    "0b6f6e656f665f696e743634183420012803480012160a0c6f6e656f665f" .
+    "75696e74333218352001280d480012160a0c6f6e656f665f75696e743634" .
+    "183620012804480012160a0c6f6e656f665f73696e74333218372001280d" .
+    "480012160a0c6f6e656f665f73696e743634183820012804480012170a0d" .
+    "6f6e656f665f6669786564333218392001280d480012170a0d6f6e656f66" .
+    "5f66697865643634183a20012804480012180a0e6f6e656f665f73666978" .
+    "65643332183b2001280d480012180a0e6f6e656f665f7366697865643634" .
+    "183c20012804480012160a0c6f6e656f665f646f75626c65183d20012801" .
+    "480012150a0b6f6e656f665f666c6f6174183e20012802480012140a0a6f" .
+    "6e656f665f626f6f6c183f20012808480012160a0c6f6e656f665f737472" .
+    "696e67184020012809480012150a0b6f6e656f665f627974657318412001" .
+    "280c480012230a0a6f6e656f665f656e756d18422001280e320d2e666f6f" .
+    "2e54657374456e756d4800122d0a0d6f6e656f665f6d6573736167651843" .
+    "2001280b32142e666f6f2e546573744d6573736167652e5375624800123c" .
+    "0a0f6d61705f696e7433325f696e74333218472003280b32232e666f6f2e" .
+    "546573744d6573736167652e4d6170496e743332496e743332456e747279" .
+    "123c0a0f6d61705f696e7436345f696e74363418482003280b32232e666f" .
+    "6f2e546573744d6573736167652e4d6170496e743634496e743634456e74" .
+    "727912400a116d61705f75696e7433325f75696e74333218492003280b32" .
+    "252e666f6f2e546573744d6573736167652e4d617055696e74333255696e" .
+    "743332456e74727912400a116d61705f75696e7436345f75696e74363418" .
+    "4a2003280b32252e666f6f2e546573744d6573736167652e4d617055696e" .
+    "74363455696e743634456e74727912400a116d61705f73696e7433325f73" .
+    "696e743332184b2003280b32252e666f6f2e546573744d6573736167652e" .
+    "4d617053696e74333253696e743332456e74727912400a116d61705f7369" .
+    "6e7436345f73696e743634184c2003280b32252e666f6f2e546573744d65" .
+    "73736167652e4d617053696e74363453696e743634456e74727912440a13" .
+    "6d61705f666978656433325f66697865643332184d2003280b32272e666f" .
+    "6f2e546573744d6573736167652e4d617046697865643332466978656433" .
+    "32456e74727912440a136d61705f666978656436345f6669786564363418" .
+    "4e2003280b32272e666f6f2e546573744d6573736167652e4d6170466978" .
+    "6564363446697865643634456e74727912480a156d61705f736669786564" .
+    "33325f7366697865643332184f2003280b32292e666f6f2e546573744d65" .
+    "73736167652e4d617053666978656433325366697865643332456e747279" .
+    "12480a156d61705f73666978656436345f73666978656436341850200328" .
+    "0b32292e666f6f2e546573744d6573736167652e4d617053666978656436" .
+    "345366697865643634456e747279123c0a0f6d61705f696e7433325f666c" .
+    "6f617418512003280b32232e666f6f2e546573744d6573736167652e4d61" .
+    "70496e743332466c6f6174456e747279123e0a106d61705f696e7433325f" .
+    "646f75626c6518522003280b32242e666f6f2e546573744d657373616765" .
+    "2e4d6170496e743332446f75626c65456e74727912380a0d6d61705f626f" .
+    "6f6c5f626f6f6c18532003280b32212e666f6f2e546573744d6573736167" .
+    "652e4d6170426f6f6c426f6f6c456e74727912400a116d61705f73747269" .
+    "6e675f737472696e6718542003280b32252e666f6f2e546573744d657373" .
+    "6167652e4d6170537472696e67537472696e67456e747279123c0a0f6d61" .
+    "705f696e7433325f627974657318552003280b32232e666f6f2e54657374" .
+    "4d6573736167652e4d6170496e7433324279746573456e747279123a0a0e" .
+    "6d61705f696e7433325f656e756d18562003280b32222e666f6f2e546573" .
+    "744d6573736167652e4d6170496e743332456e756d456e74727912400a11" .
+    "6d61705f696e7433325f6d65737361676518572003280b32252e666f6f2e" .
+    "546573744d6573736167652e4d6170496e7433324d657373616765456e74" .
+    "727912390a0d6d61705f72656375727369766518582003280b32222e666f" .
+    "6f2e546573744d6573736167652e4d6170526563757273697665456e7472" .
+    "791a340a124d6170496e743332496e743332456e747279120b0a036b6579" .
+    "180120012805120d0a0576616c75651802200128053a0238011a340a124d" .
+    "6170496e743634496e743634456e747279120b0a036b6579180120012803" .
+    "120d0a0576616c75651802200128033a0238011a360a144d617055696e74" .
+    "333255696e743332456e747279120b0a036b657918012001280d120d0a05" .
+    "76616c756518022001280d3a0238011a360a144d617055696e7436345569" .
+    "6e743634456e747279120b0a036b6579180120012804120d0a0576616c75" .
+    "651802200128043a0238011a360a144d617053696e74333253696e743332" .
+    "456e747279120b0a036b6579180120012811120d0a0576616c7565180220" .
+    "0128113a0238011a360a144d617053696e74363453696e743634456e7472" .
+    "79120b0a036b6579180120012812120d0a0576616c75651802200128123a" .
+    "0238011a380a164d61704669786564333246697865643332456e74727912" .
+    "0b0a036b6579180120012807120d0a0576616c75651802200128073a0238" .
+    "011a380a164d61704669786564363446697865643634456e747279120b0a" .
+    "036b6579180120012806120d0a0576616c75651802200128063a0238011a" .
+    "3a0a184d617053666978656433325366697865643332456e747279120b0a" .
+    "036b657918012001280f120d0a0576616c756518022001280f3a0238011a" .
+    "3a0a184d617053666978656436345366697865643634456e747279120b0a" .
+    "036b6579180120012810120d0a0576616c75651802200128103a0238011a" .
+    "340a124d6170496e743332466c6f6174456e747279120b0a036b65791801" .
+    "20012805120d0a0576616c75651802200128023a0238011a350a134d6170" .
+    "496e743332446f75626c65456e747279120b0a036b657918012001280512" .
+    "0d0a0576616c75651802200128013a0238011a320a104d6170426f6f6c42" .
+    "6f6f6c456e747279120b0a036b6579180120012808120d0a0576616c7565" .
+    "1802200128083a0238011a360a144d6170537472696e67537472696e6745" .
+    "6e747279120b0a036b6579180120012809120d0a0576616c756518022001" .
+    "28093a0238011a340a124d6170496e7433324279746573456e747279120b" .
+    "0a036b6579180120012805120d0a0576616c756518022001280c3a023801" .
+    "1a420a114d6170496e743332456e756d456e747279120b0a036b65791801" .
+    "20012805121c0a0576616c756518022001280e320d2e666f6f2e54657374" .
+    "456e756d3a0238011a4c0a144d6170496e7433324d657373616765456e74" .
+    "7279120b0a036b657918012001280512230a0576616c756518022001280b" .
+    "32142e666f6f2e546573744d6573736167652e5375623a0238011a450a11" .
+    "4d6170526563757273697665456e747279120b0a036b6579180120012805" .
+    "121f0a0576616c756518022001280b32102e666f6f2e546573744d657373" .
+    "6167653a0238011a100a0353756212090a0161180120012805420a0a086d" .
+    "795f6f6e656f6622b7030a11546573745061636b65644d65737361676512" .
+    "1a0a0e72657065617465645f696e743332185a2003280542021001121a0a" .
+    "0e72657065617465645f696e743634185b2003280342021001121b0a0f72" .
+    "657065617465645f75696e743332185c2003280d42021001121b0a0f7265" .
+    "7065617465645f75696e743634185d2003280442021001121b0a0f726570" .
+    "65617465645f73696e743332185e2003281142021001121b0a0f72657065" .
+    "617465645f73696e743634185f2003281242021001121c0a107265706561" .
+    "7465645f6669786564333218602003280742021001121c0a107265706561" .
+    "7465645f6669786564363418612003280642021001121d0a117265706561" .
+    "7465645f736669786564333218622003280f42021001121d0a1172657065" .
+    "617465645f736669786564363418632003281042021001121a0a0e726570" .
+    "65617465645f666c6f617418642003280242021001121b0a0f7265706561" .
+    "7465645f646f75626c651865200328014202100112190a0d726570656174" .
+    "65645f626f6f6c1866200328084202100112280a0d72657065617465645f" .
+    "656e756d18672003280e320d2e666f6f2e54657374456e756d4202100122" .
+    "b9030a1354657374556e7061636b65644d657373616765121a0a0e726570" .
+    "65617465645f696e743332185a2003280542021000121a0a0e7265706561" .
+    "7465645f696e743634185b2003280342021000121b0a0f72657065617465" .
+    "645f75696e743332185c2003280d42021000121b0a0f7265706561746564" .
+    "5f75696e743634185d2003280442021000121b0a0f72657065617465645f" .
+    "73696e743332185e2003281142021000121b0a0f72657065617465645f73" .
+    "696e743634185f2003281242021000121c0a1072657065617465645f6669" .
+    "786564333218602003280742021000121c0a1072657065617465645f6669" .
+    "786564363418612003280642021000121d0a1172657065617465645f7366" .
+    "69786564333218622003280f42021000121d0a1172657065617465645f73" .
+    "6669786564363418632003281042021000121a0a0e72657065617465645f" .
+    "666c6f617418642003280242021000121b0a0f72657065617465645f646f" .
+    "75626c651865200328014202100012190a0d72657065617465645f626f6f" .
+    "6c1866200328084202100012280a0d72657065617465645f656e756d1867" .
+    "2003280e320d2e666f6f2e54657374456e756d420210002a1d0a08546573" .
+    "74456e756d12080a045a45524f100012070a034f4e451001620670726f74" .
+    "6f33"
+));
+
diff --git a/php/tests/test_include.pb.php b/php/tests/test_include.pb.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2c43cc41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/php/tests/test_include.pb.php
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php
+# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+# source: test_include.proto
+
+namespace Bar;
+
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\DescriptorPool;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBType;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\RepeatedField;
+use Google\Protobuf\Internal\GPBUtil;
+
+class TestInclude extends \Google\Protobuf\Internal\Message
+{
+    private $a = 0;
+
+    public function getA()
+    {
+        return $this->a;
+    }
+
+    public function setA($var)
+    {
+        GPBUtil::checkInt32($var);
+        $this->a = $var;
+    }
+
+}
+
+$pool = DescriptorPool::getGeneratedPool();
+
+$pool->internalAddGeneratedFile(hex2bin(
+    "0a3b0a12746573745f696e636c7564652e70726f746f120362617222180a" .
+    "0b54657374496e636c75646512090a0161180120012805620670726f746f" .
+    "33"
+));
+
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/descriptor.py b/python/google/protobuf/descriptor.py
index 873af306..e1f2e3b7 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/descriptor.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/descriptor.py
@@ -171,13 +171,6 @@ class _NestedDescriptorBase(DescriptorBase):
     self._serialized_start = serialized_start
     self._serialized_end = serialized_end
 
-  def GetTopLevelContainingType(self):
-    """Returns the root if this is a nested type, or itself if its the root."""
-    desc = self
-    while desc.containing_type is not None:
-      desc = desc.containing_type
-    return desc
-
   def CopyToProto(self, proto):
     """Copies this to the matching proto in descriptor_pb2.
 
@@ -497,7 +490,7 @@ class FieldDescriptor(DescriptorBase):
     def __new__(cls, name, full_name, index, number, type, cpp_type, label,
                 default_value, message_type, enum_type, containing_type,
                 is_extension, extension_scope, options=None,
-                has_default_value=True, containing_oneof=None):
+                has_default_value=True, containing_oneof=None, json_name=None):
       _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()
       if is_extension:
         return _message.default_pool.FindExtensionByName(full_name)
@@ -507,7 +500,7 @@ class FieldDescriptor(DescriptorBase):
   def __init__(self, name, full_name, index, number, type, cpp_type, label,
                default_value, message_type, enum_type, containing_type,
                is_extension, extension_scope, options=None,
-               has_default_value=True, containing_oneof=None):
+               has_default_value=True, containing_oneof=None, json_name=None):
     """The arguments are as described in the description of FieldDescriptor
     attributes above.
 
@@ -519,6 +512,10 @@ class FieldDescriptor(DescriptorBase):
     self.name = name
     self.full_name = full_name
     self._camelcase_name = None
+    if json_name is None:
+      self.json_name = _ToJsonName(name)
+    else:
+      self.json_name = json_name
     self.index = index
     self.number = number
     self.type = type
@@ -894,6 +891,31 @@ def _ToCamelCase(name):
   return ''.join(result)
 
 
+def _OptionsOrNone(descriptor_proto):
+  """Returns the value of the field `options`, or None if it is not set."""
+  if descriptor_proto.HasField('options'):
+    return descriptor_proto.options
+  else:
+    return None
+
+
+def _ToJsonName(name):
+  """Converts name to Json name and returns it."""
+  capitalize_next = False
+  result = []
+
+  for c in name:
+    if c == '_':
+      capitalize_next = True
+    elif capitalize_next:
+      result.append(c.upper())
+      capitalize_next = False
+    else:
+      result += c
+
+  return ''.join(result)
+
+
 def MakeDescriptor(desc_proto, package='', build_file_if_cpp=True,
                    syntax=None):
   """Make a protobuf Descriptor given a DescriptorProto protobuf.
@@ -970,6 +992,10 @@ def MakeDescriptor(desc_proto, package='', build_file_if_cpp=True,
     full_name = '.'.join(full_message_name + [field_proto.name])
     enum_desc = None
     nested_desc = None
+    if field_proto.json_name:
+      json_name = field_proto.json_name
+    else:
+      json_name = None
     if field_proto.HasField('type_name'):
       type_name = field_proto.type_name
       full_type_name = '.'.join(full_message_name +
@@ -984,10 +1010,11 @@ def MakeDescriptor(desc_proto, package='', build_file_if_cpp=True,
         field_proto.number, field_proto.type,
         FieldDescriptor.ProtoTypeToCppProtoType(field_proto.type),
         field_proto.label, None, nested_desc, enum_desc, None, False, None,
-        options=field_proto.options, has_default_value=False)
+        options=_OptionsOrNone(field_proto), has_default_value=False,
+        json_name=json_name)
     fields.append(field)
 
   desc_name = '.'.join(full_message_name)
   return Descriptor(desc_proto.name, desc_name, None, None, fields,
                     list(nested_types.values()), list(enum_types.values()), [],
-                    options=desc_proto.options)
+                    options=_OptionsOrNone(desc_proto))
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_pool.py b/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_pool.py
index 5c055ab9..5f43ee5f 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_pool.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/descriptor_pool.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ from google.protobuf import descriptor_database
 from google.protobuf import text_encoding
 
 
-_USE_C_DESCRIPTORS = descriptor._USE_C_DESCRIPTORS
+_USE_C_DESCRIPTORS = descriptor._USE_C_DESCRIPTORS  # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
 
 def _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(name):
@@ -80,6 +80,14 @@ def _NormalizeFullyQualifiedName(name):
   return name.lstrip('.')
 
 
+def _OptionsOrNone(descriptor_proto):
+  """Returns the value of the field `options`, or None if it is not set."""
+  if descriptor_proto.HasField('options'):
+    return descriptor_proto.options
+  else:
+    return None
+
+
 class DescriptorPool(object):
   """A collection of protobufs dynamically constructed by descriptor protos."""
 
@@ -326,78 +334,61 @@ class DescriptorPool(object):
           name=file_proto.name,
           package=file_proto.package,
           syntax=file_proto.syntax,
-          options=file_proto.options,
+          options=_OptionsOrNone(file_proto),
           serialized_pb=file_proto.SerializeToString(),
           dependencies=direct_deps,
           public_dependencies=public_deps)
-      if _USE_C_DESCRIPTORS:
-        # When using C++ descriptors, all objects defined in the file were added
-        # to the C++ database when the FileDescriptor was built above.
-        # Just add them to this descriptor pool.
-        def _AddMessageDescriptor(message_desc):
-          self._descriptors[message_desc.full_name] = message_desc
-          for nested in message_desc.nested_types:
-            _AddMessageDescriptor(nested)
-          for enum_type in message_desc.enum_types:
-            _AddEnumDescriptor(enum_type)
-        def _AddEnumDescriptor(enum_desc):
-          self._enum_descriptors[enum_desc.full_name] = enum_desc
-        for message_type in file_descriptor.message_types_by_name.values():
-          _AddMessageDescriptor(message_type)
-        for enum_type in file_descriptor.enum_types_by_name.values():
-          _AddEnumDescriptor(enum_type)
+      scope = {}
+
+      # This loop extracts all the message and enum types from all the
+      # dependencies of the file_proto. This is necessary to create the
+      # scope of available message types when defining the passed in
+      # file proto.
+      for dependency in built_deps:
+        scope.update(self._ExtractSymbols(
+            dependency.message_types_by_name.values()))
+        scope.update((_PrefixWithDot(enum.full_name), enum)
+                     for enum in dependency.enum_types_by_name.values())
+
+      for message_type in file_proto.message_type:
+        message_desc = self._ConvertMessageDescriptor(
+            message_type, file_proto.package, file_descriptor, scope,
+            file_proto.syntax)
+        file_descriptor.message_types_by_name[message_desc.name] = (
+            message_desc)
+
+      for enum_type in file_proto.enum_type:
+        file_descriptor.enum_types_by_name[enum_type.name] = (
+            self._ConvertEnumDescriptor(enum_type, file_proto.package,
+                                        file_descriptor, None, scope))
+
+      for index, extension_proto in enumerate(file_proto.extension):
+        extension_desc = self._MakeFieldDescriptor(
+            extension_proto, file_proto.package, index, is_extension=True)
+        extension_desc.containing_type = self._GetTypeFromScope(
+            file_descriptor.package, extension_proto.extendee, scope)
+        self._SetFieldType(extension_proto, extension_desc,
+                           file_descriptor.package, scope)
+        file_descriptor.extensions_by_name[extension_desc.name] = (
+            extension_desc)
+
+      for desc_proto in file_proto.message_type:
+        self._SetAllFieldTypes(file_proto.package, desc_proto, scope)
+
+      if file_proto.package:
+        desc_proto_prefix = _PrefixWithDot(file_proto.package)
       else:
-        scope = {}
-
-        # This loop extracts all the message and enum types from all the
-        # dependencies of the file_proto. This is necessary to create the
-        # scope of available message types when defining the passed in
-        # file proto.
-        for dependency in built_deps:
-          scope.update(self._ExtractSymbols(
-              dependency.message_types_by_name.values()))
-          scope.update((_PrefixWithDot(enum.full_name), enum)
-                       for enum in dependency.enum_types_by_name.values())
-
-        for message_type in file_proto.message_type:
-          message_desc = self._ConvertMessageDescriptor(
-              message_type, file_proto.package, file_descriptor, scope,
-              file_proto.syntax)
-          file_descriptor.message_types_by_name[message_desc.name] = (
-              message_desc)
-
-        for enum_type in file_proto.enum_type:
-          file_descriptor.enum_types_by_name[enum_type.name] = (
-              self._ConvertEnumDescriptor(enum_type, file_proto.package,
-                                          file_descriptor, None, scope))
-
-        for index, extension_proto in enumerate(file_proto.extension):
-          extension_desc = self._MakeFieldDescriptor(
-              extension_proto, file_proto.package, index, is_extension=True)
-          extension_desc.containing_type = self._GetTypeFromScope(
-              file_descriptor.package, extension_proto.extendee, scope)
-          self._SetFieldType(extension_proto, extension_desc,
-                            file_descriptor.package, scope)
-          file_descriptor.extensions_by_name[extension_desc.name] = (
-              extension_desc)
-
-        for desc_proto in file_proto.message_type:
-          self._SetAllFieldTypes(file_proto.package, desc_proto, scope)
-
-        if file_proto.package:
-          desc_proto_prefix = _PrefixWithDot(file_proto.package)
-        else:
-          desc_proto_prefix = ''
+        desc_proto_prefix = ''
 
-        for desc_proto in file_proto.message_type:
-          desc = self._GetTypeFromScope(
-              desc_proto_prefix, desc_proto.name, scope)
-          file_descriptor.message_types_by_name[desc_proto.name] = desc
+      for desc_proto in file_proto.message_type:
+        desc = self._GetTypeFromScope(
+            desc_proto_prefix, desc_proto.name, scope)
+        file_descriptor.message_types_by_name[desc_proto.name] = desc
 
-        for index, service_proto in enumerate(file_proto.service):
-          file_descriptor.services_by_name[service_proto.name] = (
-              self._MakeServiceDescriptor(service_proto, index, scope,
-                                          file_proto.package, file_descriptor))
+      for index, service_proto in enumerate(file_proto.service):
+        file_descriptor.services_by_name[service_proto.name] = (
+            self._MakeServiceDescriptor(service_proto, index, scope,
+                                        file_proto.package, file_descriptor))
 
       self.Add(file_proto)
       self._file_descriptors[file_proto.name] = file_descriptor
@@ -413,6 +404,7 @@ class DescriptorPool(object):
       package: The package the proto should be located in.
       file_desc: The file containing this message.
       scope: Dict mapping short and full symbols to message and enum types.
+      syntax: string indicating syntax of the file ("proto2" or "proto3")
 
     Returns:
       The added descriptor.
@@ -463,7 +455,7 @@ class DescriptorPool(object):
         nested_types=nested,
         enum_types=enums,
         extensions=extensions,
-        options=desc_proto.options,
+        options=_OptionsOrNone(desc_proto),
         is_extendable=is_extendable,
         extension_ranges=extension_ranges,
         file=file_desc,
@@ -517,7 +509,7 @@ class DescriptorPool(object):
                                      file=file_desc,
                                      values=values,
                                      containing_type=containing_type,
-                                     options=enum_proto.options)
+                                     options=_OptionsOrNone(enum_proto))
     scope['.%s' % enum_name] = desc
     self._enum_descriptors[enum_name] = desc
     return desc
@@ -562,7 +554,7 @@ class DescriptorPool(object):
         default_value=None,
         is_extension=is_extension,
         extension_scope=None,
-        options=field_proto.options)
+        options=_OptionsOrNone(field_proto))
 
   def _SetAllFieldTypes(self, package, desc_proto, scope):
     """Sets all the descriptor's fields's types.
@@ -681,7 +673,7 @@ class DescriptorPool(object):
         name=value_proto.name,
         index=index,
         number=value_proto.number,
-        options=value_proto.options,
+        options=_OptionsOrNone(value_proto),
         type=None)
 
   def _MakeServiceDescriptor(self, service_proto, service_index, scope,
@@ -711,7 +703,7 @@ class DescriptorPool(object):
                                         full_name=service_name,
                                         index=service_index,
                                         methods=methods,
-                                        options=service_proto.options,
+                                        options=_OptionsOrNone(service_proto),
                                         file=file_desc)
     return desc
 
@@ -740,7 +732,7 @@ class DescriptorPool(object):
                                        containing_service=None,
                                        input_type=input_type,
                                        output_type=output_type,
-                                       options=method_proto.options)
+                                       options=_OptionsOrNone(method_proto))
 
   def _ExtractSymbols(self, descriptors):
     """Pulls out all the symbols from descriptor protos.
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/any_test.proto b/python/google/protobuf/internal/any_test.proto
index cd641ca0..76a7ebd6 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/any_test.proto
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/any_test.proto
@@ -30,13 +30,21 @@
 
 // Author: jieluo@google.com (Jie Luo)
 
-syntax = "proto3";
+syntax = "proto2";
 
 package google.protobuf.internal;
 
 import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
 
 message TestAny {
-  google.protobuf.Any value = 1;
-  int32 int_value = 2;
+  optional google.protobuf.Any value = 1;
+  optional int32 int_value = 2;
+  extensions 10 to max;
+}
+
+message TestAnyExtension1 {
+  extend TestAny {
+    optional TestAnyExtension1 extension1 = 98418603;
+  }
+  optional int32 i = 15;
 }
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/containers.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/containers.py
index ce46d08c..de13018e 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/containers.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/containers.py
@@ -436,9 +436,11 @@ class ScalarMap(MutableMapping):
   """Simple, type-checked, dict-like container for holding repeated scalars."""
 
   # Disallows assignment to other attributes.
-  __slots__ = ['_key_checker', '_value_checker', '_values', '_message_listener']
+  __slots__ = ['_key_checker', '_value_checker', '_values', '_message_listener',
+               '_entry_descriptor']
 
-  def __init__(self, message_listener, key_checker, value_checker):
+  def __init__(self, message_listener, key_checker, value_checker,
+               entry_descriptor):
     """
     Args:
       message_listener: A MessageListener implementation.
@@ -448,10 +450,12 @@ class ScalarMap(MutableMapping):
         inserted into this container.
       value_checker: A type_checkers.ValueChecker instance to run on values
         inserted into this container.
+      entry_descriptor: The MessageDescriptor of a map entry: key and value.
     """
     self._message_listener = message_listener
     self._key_checker = key_checker
     self._value_checker = value_checker
+    self._entry_descriptor = entry_descriptor
     self._values = {}
 
   def __getitem__(self, key):
@@ -513,6 +517,9 @@ class ScalarMap(MutableMapping):
     self._values.clear()
     self._message_listener.Modified()
 
+  def GetEntryClass(self):
+    return self._entry_descriptor._concrete_class
+
 
 class MessageMap(MutableMapping):
 
@@ -520,9 +527,10 @@ class MessageMap(MutableMapping):
 
   # Disallows assignment to other attributes.
   __slots__ = ['_key_checker', '_values', '_message_listener',
-               '_message_descriptor']
+               '_message_descriptor', '_entry_descriptor']
 
-  def __init__(self, message_listener, message_descriptor, key_checker):
+  def __init__(self, message_listener, message_descriptor, key_checker,
+               entry_descriptor):
     """
     Args:
       message_listener: A MessageListener implementation.
@@ -532,10 +540,12 @@ class MessageMap(MutableMapping):
         inserted into this container.
       value_checker: A type_checkers.ValueChecker instance to run on values
         inserted into this container.
+      entry_descriptor: The MessageDescriptor of a map entry: key and value.
     """
     self._message_listener = message_listener
     self._message_descriptor = message_descriptor
     self._key_checker = key_checker
+    self._entry_descriptor = entry_descriptor
     self._values = {}
 
   def __getitem__(self, key):
@@ -613,3 +623,6 @@ class MessageMap(MutableMapping):
   def clear(self):
     self._values.clear()
     self._message_listener.Modified()
+
+  def GetEntryClass(self):
+    return self._entry_descriptor._concrete_class
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test.py
index 3c8c7935..d4de2d81 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_pool_test.py
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ class DescriptorPoolTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual('google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message',
                      msg1.full_name)
     self.assertEqual(None, msg1.containing_type)
+    self.assertFalse(msg1.has_options)
 
     nested_msg1 = msg1.nested_types[0]
     self.assertEqual('NestedFactory1Message', nested_msg1.name)
@@ -202,6 +203,7 @@ class DescriptorPoolTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertIsInstance(enum1, descriptor.EnumDescriptor)
     self.assertEqual(0, enum1.values_by_name['FACTORY_1_VALUE_0'].number)
     self.assertEqual(1, enum1.values_by_name['FACTORY_1_VALUE_1'].number)
+    self.assertFalse(enum1.has_options)
 
     nested_enum1 = self.pool.FindEnumTypeByName(
         'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message.NestedFactory1Enum')
@@ -234,6 +236,8 @@ class DescriptorPoolTest(unittest.TestCase):
         'google.protobuf.python.internal.Factory1Message.list_value')
     self.assertEqual(field.name, 'list_value')
     self.assertEqual(field.label, field.LABEL_REPEATED)
+    self.assertFalse(field.has_options)
+
     with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
       self.pool.FindFieldByName('Does not exist')
 
@@ -448,6 +452,7 @@ class EnumField(object):
     test.assertTrue(field_desc.has_default_value)
     test.assertEqual(enum_desc.values_by_name[self.default_value].number,
                      field_desc.default_value)
+    test.assertFalse(enum_desc.values_by_name[self.default_value].has_options)
     test.assertEqual(msg_desc, field_desc.containing_type)
     test.assertEqual(enum_desc, field_desc.enum_type)
 
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py
index 623198c8..1f148ab9 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/descriptor_test.py
@@ -766,6 +766,8 @@ class MakeDescriptorTest(unittest.TestCase):
                      'Foo2.Sub.bar_field')
     self.assertEqual(result.nested_types[0].fields[0].enum_type,
                      result.nested_types[0].enum_types[0])
+    self.assertFalse(result.has_options)
+    self.assertFalse(result.fields[0].has_options)
 
   def testMakeDescriptorWithUnsignedIntField(self):
     file_descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
@@ -818,6 +820,23 @@ class MakeDescriptorTest(unittest.TestCase):
       self.assertEqual(result.fields[index].camelcase_name,
                        camelcase_names[index])
 
+  def testJsonName(self):
+    descriptor_proto = descriptor_pb2.DescriptorProto()
+    descriptor_proto.name = 'TestJsonName'
+    names = ['field_name', 'fieldName', 'FieldName',
+             '_field_name', 'FIELD_NAME', 'json_name']
+    json_names = ['fieldName', 'fieldName', 'FieldName',
+                  'FieldName', 'FIELDNAME', '@type']
+    for index in range(len(names)):
+      field = descriptor_proto.field.add()
+      field.number = index + 1
+      field.name = names[index]
+    field.json_name = '@type'
+    result = descriptor.MakeDescriptor(descriptor_proto)
+    for index in range(len(json_names)):
+      self.assertEqual(result.fields[index].json_name,
+                       json_names[index])
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   unittest.main()
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/generator_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/generator_test.py
index 83ea5f50..7f13f9da 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/generator_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/generator_test.py
@@ -227,7 +227,8 @@ class GeneratorTest(unittest.TestCase):
                      [unittest_import_pb2.DESCRIPTOR])
     self.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.dependencies,
                      [unittest_import_public_pb2.DESCRIPTOR])
-
+    self.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.public_dependencies,
+                     [unittest_import_public_pb2.DESCRIPTOR])
   def testNoGenericServices(self):
     self.assertTrue(hasattr(unittest_no_generic_services_pb2, "TestMessage"))
     self.assertTrue(hasattr(unittest_no_generic_services_pb2, "FOO"))
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/json_format_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/json_format_test.py
index a5ee8ace..5ed65622 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/json_format_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/json_format_test.py
@@ -205,6 +205,15 @@ class JsonFormatTest(JsonFormatBase):
     parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
     self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
 
+  def testIntegersRepresentedAsFloat(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    json_format.Parse('{"int32Value": -2.147483648e9}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.int32_value, -2147483648)
+    json_format.Parse('{"int32Value": 1e5}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.int32_value, 100000)
+    json_format.Parse('{"int32Value": 1.0}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.int32_value, 1)
+
   def testMapFields(self):
     message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMap()
     message.bool_map[True] = 1
@@ -428,6 +437,9 @@ class JsonFormatTest(JsonFormatBase):
             '  "value": "hello",'
             '  "repeatedValue": [11.1, false, null, null]'
             '}'))
+    message.Clear()
+    json_format.Parse('{"value": null}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(message.value.WhichOneof('kind'), 'null_value')
 
   def testListValueMessage(self):
     message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestListValue()
@@ -600,6 +612,11 @@ class JsonFormatTest(JsonFormatBase):
                       '}',
                       parsed_message)
     self.assertEqual(message, parsed_message)
+    # Null and {} should have different behavior for sub message.
+    self.assertFalse(parsed_message.HasField('message_value'))
+    json_format.Parse('{"messageValue": {}}', parsed_message)
+    self.assertTrue(parsed_message.HasField('message_value'))
+    # Null is not allowed to be used as an element in repeated field.
     self.assertRaisesRegexp(
         json_format.ParseError,
         'Failed to parse repeatedInt32Value field: '
@@ -621,15 +638,16 @@ class JsonFormatTest(JsonFormatBase):
     self.CheckError('',
                     r'Failed to load JSON: (Expecting value)|(No JSON).')
 
-  def testParseBadEnumValue(self):
-    self.CheckError(
-        '{"enumValue": 1}',
-        'Enum value must be a string literal with double quotes. '
-        'Type "proto3.EnumType" has no value named 1.')
+  def testParseEnumValue(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    text = '{"enumValue": 0}'
+    json_format.Parse(text, message)
+    text = '{"enumValue": 1}'
+    json_format.Parse(text, message)
     self.CheckError(
         '{"enumValue": "baz"}',
-        'Enum value must be a string literal with double quotes. '
-        'Type "proto3.EnumType" has no value named baz.')
+        'Failed to parse enumValue field: Invalid enum value baz '
+        'for enum type proto3.EnumType.')
 
   def testParseBadIdentifer(self):
     self.CheckError('{int32Value: 1}',
@@ -672,12 +690,12 @@ class JsonFormatTest(JsonFormatBase):
     text = '{"int32Value": 0x12345}'
     self.assertRaises(json_format.ParseError,
                       json_format.Parse, text, message)
+    self.CheckError('{"int32Value": 1.5}',
+                    'Failed to parse int32Value field: '
+                    'Couldn\'t parse integer: 1.5.')
     self.CheckError('{"int32Value": 012345}',
                     (r'Failed to load JSON: Expecting \'?,\'? delimiter: '
                      r'line 1.'))
-    self.CheckError('{"int32Value": 1.0}',
-                    'Failed to parse int32Value field: '
-                    'Couldn\'t parse integer: 1.0.')
     self.CheckError('{"int32Value": " 1 "}',
                     'Failed to parse int32Value field: '
                     'Couldn\'t parse integer: " 1 ".')
@@ -687,9 +705,6 @@ class JsonFormatTest(JsonFormatBase):
     self.CheckError('{"int32Value": 12345678901234567890}',
                     'Failed to parse int32Value field: Value out of range: '
                     '12345678901234567890.')
-    self.CheckError('{"int32Value": 1e5}',
-                    'Failed to parse int32Value field: '
-                    'Couldn\'t parse integer: 100000.0.')
     self.CheckError('{"uint32Value": -1}',
                     'Failed to parse uint32Value field: '
                     'Value out of range: -1.')
@@ -810,6 +825,43 @@ class JsonFormatTest(JsonFormatBase):
             r'"value": 1234}')
     json_format.Parse(text, message)
 
+  def testPreservingProtoFieldNames(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    message.int32_value = 12345
+    self.assertEqual('{\n  "int32Value": 12345\n}',
+                     json_format.MessageToJson(message))
+    self.assertEqual('{\n  "int32_value": 12345\n}',
+                     json_format.MessageToJson(message, False, True))
+
+    # Parsers accept both original proto field names and lowerCamelCase names.
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    json_format.Parse('{"int32Value": 54321}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(54321, message.int32_value)
+    json_format.Parse('{"int32_value": 12345}', message)
+    self.assertEqual(12345, message.int32_value)
+
+  def testParseDict(self):
+    expected = 12345
+    js_dict = {'int32Value': expected}
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    json_format.ParseDict(js_dict, message)
+    self.assertEqual(expected, message.int32_value)
+
+  def testMessageToDict(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestMessage()
+    message.int32_value = 12345
+    expected = {'int32Value': 12345}
+    self.assertEqual(expected,
+                     json_format.MessageToDict(message))
+
+  def testJsonName(self):
+    message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestCustomJsonName()
+    message.value = 12345
+    self.assertEqual('{\n  "@value": 12345\n}',
+                     json_format.MessageToJson(message))
+    parsed_message = json_format_proto3_pb2.TestCustomJsonName()
+    self.CheckParseBack(message, parsed_message)
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   unittest.main()
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py
index 1e95adf9..9986c0d9 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ from google.protobuf import text_format
 from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
 from google.protobuf.internal import packed_field_test_pb2
 from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
+from google.protobuf.internal import testing_refleaks
 from google.protobuf import message
 from google.protobuf.internal import _parameterized
 
@@ -88,10 +89,13 @@ def IsNegInf(val):
   return isinf(val) and (val < 0)
 
 
-@_parameterized.Parameters(
-    (unittest_pb2),
-    (unittest_proto3_arena_pb2))
-class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
+BaseTestCase = testing_refleaks.BaseTestCase
+
+
+@_parameterized.NamedParameters(
+    ('_proto2', unittest_pb2),
+    ('_proto3', unittest_proto3_arena_pb2))
+class MessageTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def testBadUtf8String(self, message_module):
     if api_implementation.Type() != 'python':
@@ -957,7 +961,7 @@ class MessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 # Class to test proto2-only features (required, extensions, etc.)
-class Proto2Test(unittest.TestCase):
+class Proto2Test(BaseTestCase):
 
   def testFieldPresence(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
@@ -1113,6 +1117,7 @@ class Proto2Test(unittest.TestCase):
         optional_bytes=b'x',
         optionalgroup={'a': 400},
         optional_nested_message={'bb': 500},
+        optional_foreign_message={},
         optional_nested_enum='BAZ',
         repeatedgroup=[{'a': 600},
                        {'a': 700}],
@@ -1125,8 +1130,12 @@ class Proto2Test(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(300.5, message.optional_float)
     self.assertEqual(b'x', message.optional_bytes)
     self.assertEqual(400, message.optionalgroup.a)
-    self.assertIsInstance(message.optional_nested_message, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage)
+    self.assertIsInstance(message.optional_nested_message,
+                          unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage)
     self.assertEqual(500, message.optional_nested_message.bb)
+    self.assertTrue(message.HasField('optional_foreign_message'))
+    self.assertEqual(message.optional_foreign_message,
+                     unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage())
     self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ,
                      message.optional_nested_enum)
     self.assertEqual(2, len(message.repeatedgroup))
@@ -1164,7 +1173,7 @@ class Proto2Test(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 # Class to test proto3-only features/behavior (updated field presence & enums)
-class Proto3Test(unittest.TestCase):
+class Proto3Test(BaseTestCase):
 
   # Utility method for comparing equality with a map.
   def assertMapIterEquals(self, map_iter, dict_value):
@@ -1720,7 +1729,7 @@ class Proto3Test(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 
-class ValidTypeNamesTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class ValidTypeNamesTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def assertImportFromName(self, msg, base_name):
     # Parse <type 'module.class_name'> to extra 'some.name' as a string.
@@ -1741,7 +1750,7 @@ class ValidTypeNamesTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertImportFromName(pb.repeated_int32, 'Scalar')
     self.assertImportFromName(pb.repeated_nested_message, 'Composite')
 
-class PackedFieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class PackedFieldTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def setMessage(self, message):
     message.repeated_int32.append(1)
@@ -1800,10 +1809,14 @@ class PackedFieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
 @unittest.skipIf(api_implementation.Type() != 'cpp',
                  'explicit tests of the C++ implementation')
-class OversizeProtosTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def setUp(self):
-    self.file_desc = """
+class OversizeProtosTest(BaseTestCase):
+
+  @classmethod
+  def setUpClass(cls):
+    # At the moment, reference cycles between DescriptorPool and Message classes
+    # are not detected and these objects are never freed.
+    # To avoid errors with ReferenceLeakChecker, we create the class only once.
+    file_desc = """
       name: "f/f.msg2"
       package: "f"
       message_type {
@@ -1828,10 +1841,12 @@ class OversizeProtosTest(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     pool = descriptor_pool.DescriptorPool()
     desc = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
-    text_format.Parse(self.file_desc, desc)
+    text_format.Parse(file_desc, desc)
     pool.Add(desc)
-    self.proto_cls = message_factory.MessageFactory(pool).GetPrototype(
+    cls.proto_cls = message_factory.MessageFactory(pool).GetPrototype(
         pool.FindMessageTypeByName('f.msg2'))
+
+  def setUp(self):
     self.p = self.proto_cls()
     self.p.field.payload = 'c' * (1024 * 1024 * 64 + 1)
     self.p_serialized = self.p.SerializeToString()
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/python_message.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/python_message.py
index c0d0ad45..60b4baad 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/python_message.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/python_message.py
@@ -380,13 +380,15 @@ def _GetInitializeDefaultForMap(field):
   if _IsMessageMapField(field):
     def MakeMessageMapDefault(message):
       return containers.MessageMap(
-          message._listener_for_children, value_field.message_type, key_checker)
+          message._listener_for_children, value_field.message_type, key_checker,
+          field.message_type)
     return MakeMessageMapDefault
   else:
     value_checker = type_checkers.GetTypeChecker(value_field)
     def MakePrimitiveMapDefault(message):
       return containers.ScalarMap(
-          message._listener_for_children, key_checker, value_checker)
+          message._listener_for_children, key_checker, value_checker,
+          field.message_type)
     return MakePrimitiveMapDefault
 
 def _DefaultValueConstructorForField(field):
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/reflection_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/reflection_test.py
index 6f3b818a..dad79c37 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/reflection_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/reflection_test.py
@@ -60,9 +60,13 @@ from google.protobuf.internal import more_messages_pb2
 from google.protobuf.internal import message_set_extensions_pb2
 from google.protobuf.internal import wire_format
 from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
+from google.protobuf.internal import testing_refleaks
 from google.protobuf.internal import decoder
 
 
+BaseTestCase = testing_refleaks.BaseTestCase
+
+
 class _MiniDecoder(object):
   """Decodes a stream of values from a string.
 
@@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ class _MiniDecoder(object):
     return self._pos == len(self._bytes)
 
 
-class ReflectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class ReflectionTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def assertListsEqual(self, values, others):
     self.assertEqual(len(values), len(others))
@@ -1552,6 +1556,20 @@ class ReflectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optional_foreign_message'))
     self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_foreign_message.c)
 
+  def testDisconnectingInOneof(self):
+    m = unittest_pb2.TestOneof2()  # This message has two messages in a oneof.
+    m.foo_message.qux_int = 5
+    sub_message = m.foo_message
+    # Accessing another message's field does not clear the first one
+    self.assertEqual(m.foo_lazy_message.qux_int, 0)
+    self.assertEqual(m.foo_message.qux_int, 5)
+    # But mutating another message in the oneof detaches the first one.
+    m.foo_lazy_message.qux_int = 6
+    self.assertEqual(m.foo_message.qux_int, 0)
+    # The reference we got above was detached and is still valid.
+    self.assertEqual(sub_message.qux_int, 5)
+    sub_message.qux_int = 7
+
   def testOneOf(self):
     proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
     proto.oneof_uint32 = 10
@@ -1810,7 +1828,7 @@ class ReflectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
 #  into separate TestCase classes.
 
 
-class TestAllTypesEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestAllTypesEqualityTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def setUp(self):
     self.first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
@@ -1826,7 +1844,7 @@ class TestAllTypesEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
 
 
-class FullProtosEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class FullProtosEqualityTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   """Equality tests using completely-full protos as a starting point."""
 
@@ -1912,7 +1930,7 @@ class FullProtosEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
 
 
-class ExtensionEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class ExtensionEqualityTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def testExtensionEquality(self):
     first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
@@ -1945,7 +1963,7 @@ class ExtensionEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
 
 
-class MutualRecursionEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class MutualRecursionEqualityTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def testEqualityWithMutualRecursion(self):
     first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestMutualRecursionA()
@@ -1957,7 +1975,7 @@ class MutualRecursionEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
 
 
-class ByteSizeTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class ByteSizeTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def setUp(self):
     self.proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
@@ -2253,7 +2271,7 @@ class ByteSizeTest(unittest.TestCase):
 #   * Handling of empty submessages (with and without "has"
 #     bits set).
 
-class SerializationTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class SerializationTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def testSerializeEmtpyMessage(self):
     first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
@@ -2814,7 +2832,7 @@ class SerializationTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(3, proto.repeated_int32[2])
 
 
-class OptionsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class OptionsTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def testMessageOptions(self):
     proto = message_set_extensions_pb2.TestMessageSet()
@@ -2841,7 +2859,7 @@ class OptionsTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 
-class ClassAPITest(unittest.TestCase):
+class ClassAPITest(BaseTestCase):
 
   @unittest.skipIf(
       api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp' and api_implementation.Version() == 2,
@@ -2924,6 +2942,9 @@ class ClassAPITest(unittest.TestCase):
     text_format.Merge(file_descriptor_str, file_descriptor)
     return file_descriptor.SerializeToString()
 
+  @testing_refleaks.SkipReferenceLeakChecker('MakeDescriptor is not repeatable')
+  # This test can only run once; the second time, it raises errors about
+  # conflicting message descriptors.
   def testParsingFlatClassWithExplicitClassDeclaration(self):
     """Test that the generated class can parse a flat message."""
     # TODO(xiaofeng): This test fails with cpp implemetnation in the call
@@ -2948,6 +2969,7 @@ class ClassAPITest(unittest.TestCase):
     text_format.Merge(msg_str, msg)
     self.assertEqual(msg.flat, [0, 1, 2])
 
+  @testing_refleaks.SkipReferenceLeakChecker('MakeDescriptor is not repeatable')
   def testParsingFlatClass(self):
     """Test that the generated class can parse a flat message."""
     file_descriptor = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
@@ -2963,6 +2985,7 @@ class ClassAPITest(unittest.TestCase):
     text_format.Merge(msg_str, msg)
     self.assertEqual(msg.flat, [0, 1, 2])
 
+  @testing_refleaks.SkipReferenceLeakChecker('MakeDescriptor is not repeatable')
   def testParsingNestedClass(self):
     """Test that the generated class can parse a nested message."""
     file_descriptor = descriptor_pb2.FileDescriptorProto()
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/testing_refleaks.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/testing_refleaks.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b2787901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/testing_refleaks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+# https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""A subclass of unittest.TestCase which checks for reference leaks.
+
+To use:
+- Use testing_refleak.BaseTestCase instead of unittest.TestCase
+- Configure and compile Python with --with-pydebug
+
+If sys.gettotalrefcount() is not available (because Python was built without
+the Py_DEBUG option), then this module is a no-op and tests will run normally.
+"""
+
+import copy_reg
+import gc
+import sys
+
+try:
+  import unittest2 as unittest  #PY26
+except ImportError:
+  import unittest
+
+
+class LocalTestResult(unittest.TestResult):
+  """A TestResult which forwards events to a parent object, except for Skips."""
+
+  def __init__(self, parent_result):
+    unittest.TestResult.__init__(self)
+    self.parent_result = parent_result
+
+  def addError(self, test, error):
+    self.parent_result.addError(test, error)
+
+  def addFailure(self, test, error):
+    self.parent_result.addFailure(test, error)
+
+  def addSkip(self, test, reason):
+    pass
+
+
+class ReferenceLeakCheckerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+  """A TestCase which runs tests multiple times, collecting reference counts."""
+
+  NB_RUNS = 3
+
+  def run(self, result=None):
+    # python_message.py registers all Message classes to some pickle global
+    # registry, which makes the classes immortal.
+    # We save a copy of this registry, and reset it before we could references.
+    self._saved_pickle_registry = copy_reg.dispatch_table.copy()
+
+    # Run the test twice, to warm up the instance attributes.
+    super(ReferenceLeakCheckerTestCase, self).run(result=result)
+    super(ReferenceLeakCheckerTestCase, self).run(result=result)
+
+    oldrefcount = 0
+    local_result = LocalTestResult(result)
+
+    refcount_deltas = []
+    for _ in range(self.NB_RUNS):
+      oldrefcount = self._getRefcounts()
+      super(ReferenceLeakCheckerTestCase, self).run(result=local_result)
+      newrefcount = self._getRefcounts()
+      refcount_deltas.append(newrefcount - oldrefcount)
+    print refcount_deltas, self
+
+    try:
+      self.assertEqual(refcount_deltas, [0] * self.NB_RUNS)
+    except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+      result.addError(self, sys.exc_info())
+
+  def _getRefcounts(self):
+    copy_reg.dispatch_table.clear()
+    copy_reg.dispatch_table.update(self._saved_pickle_registry)
+    # It is sometimes necessary to gc.collect() multiple times, to ensure
+    # that all objects can be collected.
+    gc.collect()
+    gc.collect()
+    gc.collect()
+    return sys.gettotalrefcount()
+
+
+if hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):
+  BaseTestCase = ReferenceLeakCheckerTestCase
+  SkipReferenceLeakChecker = unittest.skip
+
+else:
+  # When PyDEBUG is not enabled, run the tests normally.
+  BaseTestCase = unittest.TestCase
+
+  def SkipReferenceLeakChecker(reason):
+    del reason  # Don't skip, so don't need a reason.
+    def Same(func):
+      return func
+    return Same
+
+
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py
index 0e38e0e9..ab481ab4 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/text_format_test.py
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ from google.protobuf import unittest_mset_pb2
 from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
 from google.protobuf import unittest_proto3_arena_pb2
 from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
+from google.protobuf.internal import any_test_pb2 as test_extend_any
 from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
 from google.protobuf.internal import message_set_extensions_pb2
 from google.protobuf import descriptor_pool
@@ -684,6 +685,21 @@ class Proto2Tests(TextFormatBase):
     self.assertEqual(23, message.message_set.Extensions[ext1].i)
     self.assertEqual('foo', message.message_set.Extensions[ext2].str)
 
+  def testExtensionInsideAnyMessage(self):
+    message = test_extend_any.TestAny()
+    text = ('value {\n'
+            '  [type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.internal.TestAny] {\n'
+            '    [google.protobuf.internal.TestAnyExtension1.extension1] {\n'
+            '      i: 10\n'
+            '    }\n'
+            '  }\n'
+            '}\n')
+    text_format.Merge(text, message, descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default())
+    self.CompareToGoldenText(
+        text_format.MessageToString(
+            message, descriptor_pool=descriptor_pool.Default()),
+        text)
+
   def testParseMessageByFieldNumber(self):
     message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
     text = ('34: 1\n' 'repeated_uint64: 2\n')
@@ -1184,7 +1200,8 @@ class TokenizerTest(unittest.TestCase):
             'ID7 : "aa\\"bb"\n\n\n\n ID8: {A:inf B:-inf C:true D:false}\n'
             'ID9: 22 ID10: -111111111111111111 ID11: -22\n'
             'ID12: 2222222222222222222 ID13: 1.23456f ID14: 1.2e+2f '
-            'false_bool:  0 true_BOOL:t \n true_bool1:  1 false_BOOL1:f ')
+            'false_bool:  0 true_BOOL:t \n true_bool1:  1 false_BOOL1:f '
+            'False_bool: False True_bool: True')
     tokenizer = text_format.Tokenizer(text.splitlines())
     methods = [(tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'identifier1'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeString, 'string1'),
@@ -1228,7 +1245,11 @@ class TokenizerTest(unittest.TestCase):
                (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'true_bool1'), ':',
                (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, True),
                (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'false_BOOL1'), ':',
-               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False)]
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'False_bool'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, False),
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeIdentifier, 'True_bool'), ':',
+               (tokenizer.ConsumeBool, True)]
 
     i = 0
     while not tokenizer.AtEnd():
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/unknown_fields_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/unknown_fields_test.py
index 84073f1c..d614eaa8 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/unknown_fields_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/unknown_fields_test.py
@@ -47,16 +47,20 @@ from google.protobuf.internal import encoder
 from google.protobuf.internal import message_set_extensions_pb2
 from google.protobuf.internal import missing_enum_values_pb2
 from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
+from google.protobuf.internal import testing_refleaks
 from google.protobuf.internal import type_checkers
 
 
+BaseTestCase = testing_refleaks.BaseTestCase
+
+
 def SkipIfCppImplementation(func):
   return unittest.skipIf(
       api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp' and api_implementation.Version() == 2,
       'C++ implementation does not expose unknown fields to Python')(func)
 
 
-class UnknownFieldsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class UnknownFieldsTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def setUp(self):
     self.descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
@@ -140,7 +144,7 @@ class UnknownFieldsTest(unittest.TestCase):
         b'', message.repeated_nested_message[0].SerializeToString())
 
 
-class UnknownFieldsAccessorsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class UnknownFieldsAccessorsTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def setUp(self):
     self.descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
@@ -149,21 +153,18 @@ class UnknownFieldsAccessorsTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.all_fields_data = self.all_fields.SerializeToString()
     self.empty_message = unittest_pb2.TestEmptyMessage()
     self.empty_message.ParseFromString(self.all_fields_data)
-    if api_implementation.Type() != 'cpp':
-      # _unknown_fields is an implementation detail.
-      self.unknown_fields = self.empty_message._unknown_fields
 
-  # All the tests that use GetField() check an implementation detail of the
-  # Python implementation, which stores unknown fields as serialized strings.
-  # These tests are skipped by the C++ implementation: it's enough to check that
-  # the message is correctly serialized.
+  # GetUnknownField() checks a detail of the Python implementation, which stores
+  # unknown fields as serialized strings. It cannot be used by the C++
+  # implementation: it's enough to check that the message is correctly
+  # serialized.
 
-  def GetField(self, name):
+  def GetUnknownField(self, name):
     field_descriptor = self.descriptor.fields_by_name[name]
     wire_type = type_checkers.FIELD_TYPE_TO_WIRE_TYPE[field_descriptor.type]
     field_tag = encoder.TagBytes(field_descriptor.number, wire_type)
     result_dict = {}
-    for tag_bytes, value in self.unknown_fields:
+    for tag_bytes, value in self.empty_message._unknown_fields:
       if tag_bytes == field_tag:
         decoder = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes._decoders_by_tag[tag_bytes][0]
         decoder(value, 0, len(value), self.all_fields, result_dict)
@@ -171,37 +172,37 @@ class UnknownFieldsAccessorsTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
   @SkipIfCppImplementation
   def testEnum(self):
-    value = self.GetField('optional_nested_enum')
+    value = self.GetUnknownField('optional_nested_enum')
     self.assertEqual(self.all_fields.optional_nested_enum, value)
 
   @SkipIfCppImplementation
   def testRepeatedEnum(self):
-    value = self.GetField('repeated_nested_enum')
+    value = self.GetUnknownField('repeated_nested_enum')
     self.assertEqual(self.all_fields.repeated_nested_enum, value)
 
   @SkipIfCppImplementation
   def testVarint(self):
-    value = self.GetField('optional_int32')
+    value = self.GetUnknownField('optional_int32')
     self.assertEqual(self.all_fields.optional_int32, value)
 
   @SkipIfCppImplementation
   def testFixed32(self):
-    value = self.GetField('optional_fixed32')
+    value = self.GetUnknownField('optional_fixed32')
     self.assertEqual(self.all_fields.optional_fixed32, value)
 
   @SkipIfCppImplementation
   def testFixed64(self):
-    value = self.GetField('optional_fixed64')
+    value = self.GetUnknownField('optional_fixed64')
     self.assertEqual(self.all_fields.optional_fixed64, value)
 
   @SkipIfCppImplementation
   def testLengthDelimited(self):
-    value = self.GetField('optional_string')
+    value = self.GetUnknownField('optional_string')
     self.assertEqual(self.all_fields.optional_string, value)
 
   @SkipIfCppImplementation
   def testGroup(self):
-    value = self.GetField('optionalgroup')
+    value = self.GetUnknownField('optionalgroup')
     self.assertEqual(self.all_fields.optionalgroup, value)
 
   def testCopyFrom(self):
@@ -241,43 +242,41 @@ class UnknownFieldsAccessorsTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(message.SerializeToString(), self.all_fields_data)
 
 
-class UnknownEnumValuesTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class UnknownEnumValuesTest(BaseTestCase):
 
   def setUp(self):
     self.descriptor = missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.DESCRIPTOR
 
     self.message = missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues()
+    # TestEnumValues.ZERO = 0, but does not exist in the other NestedEnum.
     self.message.optional_nested_enum = (
-      missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ZERO)
+        missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ZERO)
     self.message.repeated_nested_enum.extend([
-      missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ZERO,
-      missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ONE,
-      ])
+        missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ZERO,
+        missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ONE,
+        ])
     self.message.packed_nested_enum.extend([
-      missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ZERO,
-      missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ONE,
-      ])
+        missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ZERO,
+        missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues.ONE,
+        ])
     self.message_data = self.message.SerializeToString()
     self.missing_message = missing_enum_values_pb2.TestMissingEnumValues()
     self.missing_message.ParseFromString(self.message_data)
-    if api_implementation.Type() != 'cpp':
-      # _unknown_fields is an implementation detail.
-      self.unknown_fields = self.missing_message._unknown_fields
 
-  # All the tests that use GetField() check an implementation detail of the
-  # Python implementation, which stores unknown fields as serialized strings.
-  # These tests are skipped by the C++ implementation: it's enough to check that
-  # the message is correctly serialized.
+  # GetUnknownField() checks a detail of the Python implementation, which stores
+  # unknown fields as serialized strings. It cannot be used by the C++
+  # implementation: it's enough to check that the message is correctly
+  # serialized.
 
-  def GetField(self, name):
+  def GetUnknownField(self, name):
     field_descriptor = self.descriptor.fields_by_name[name]
     wire_type = type_checkers.FIELD_TYPE_TO_WIRE_TYPE[field_descriptor.type]
     field_tag = encoder.TagBytes(field_descriptor.number, wire_type)
     result_dict = {}
-    for tag_bytes, value in self.unknown_fields:
+    for tag_bytes, value in self.missing_message._unknown_fields:
       if tag_bytes == field_tag:
         decoder = missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues._decoders_by_tag[
-          tag_bytes][0]
+            tag_bytes][0]
         decoder(value, 0, len(value), self.message, result_dict)
     return result_dict[field_descriptor]
 
@@ -294,21 +293,39 @@ class UnknownEnumValuesTest(unittest.TestCase):
     # default value.
     self.assertEqual(missing.optional_nested_enum, 0)
 
-  @SkipIfCppImplementation
   def testUnknownEnumValue(self):
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+      # The CPP implementation of protos (wrongly) allows unknown enum values
+      # for proto2.
+      self.assertTrue(self.missing_message.HasField('optional_nested_enum'))
+      self.assertEqual(self.message.optional_nested_enum,
+                       self.missing_message.optional_nested_enum)
+    else:
+      # On the other hand, the Python implementation considers unknown values
+      # as unknown fields. This is the correct behavior.
+      self.assertFalse(self.missing_message.HasField('optional_nested_enum'))
+      value = self.GetUnknownField('optional_nested_enum')
+      self.assertEqual(self.message.optional_nested_enum, value)
+    self.missing_message.ClearField('optional_nested_enum')
     self.assertFalse(self.missing_message.HasField('optional_nested_enum'))
-    value = self.GetField('optional_nested_enum')
-    self.assertEqual(self.message.optional_nested_enum, value)
 
-  @SkipIfCppImplementation
   def testUnknownRepeatedEnumValue(self):
-    value = self.GetField('repeated_nested_enum')
-    self.assertEqual(self.message.repeated_nested_enum, value)
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+      # For repeated enums, both implementations agree.
+      self.assertEqual([], self.missing_message.repeated_nested_enum)
+    else:
+      self.assertEqual([], self.missing_message.repeated_nested_enum)
+      value = self.GetUnknownField('repeated_nested_enum')
+      self.assertEqual(self.message.repeated_nested_enum, value)
 
-  @SkipIfCppImplementation
   def testUnknownPackedEnumValue(self):
-    value = self.GetField('packed_nested_enum')
-    self.assertEqual(self.message.packed_nested_enum, value)
+    if api_implementation.Type() == 'cpp':
+      # For repeated enums, both implementations agree.
+      self.assertEqual([], self.missing_message.packed_nested_enum)
+    else:
+      self.assertEqual([], self.missing_message.packed_nested_enum)
+      value = self.GetUnknownField('packed_nested_enum')
+      self.assertEqual(self.message.packed_nested_enum, value)
 
   def testRoundTrip(self):
     new_message = missing_enum_values_pb2.TestEnumValues()
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types.py
index 7c5dffd0..d631abee 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types.py
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ _NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND = 1000
 _MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1000
 _MICROS_PER_SECOND = 1000000
 _SECONDS_PER_DAY = 24 * 3600
+_DURATION_SECONDS_MAX = 315576000000
 
 
 class Error(Exception):
@@ -247,6 +248,7 @@ class Duration(object):
       represent the exact Duration value. For example: "1s", "1.010s",
       "1.000000100s", "-3.100s"
     """
+    _CheckDurationValid(self.seconds, self.nanos)
     if self.seconds < 0 or self.nanos < 0:
       result = '-'
       seconds = - self.seconds + int((0 - self.nanos) // 1e9)
@@ -286,14 +288,17 @@ class Duration(object):
     try:
       pos = value.find('.')
       if pos == -1:
-        self.seconds = int(value[:-1])
-        self.nanos = 0
+        seconds = int(value[:-1])
+        nanos = 0
       else:
-        self.seconds = int(value[:pos])
+        seconds = int(value[:pos])
         if value[0] == '-':
-          self.nanos = int(round(float('-0{0}'.format(value[pos: -1])) *1e9))
+          nanos = int(round(float('-0{0}'.format(value[pos: -1])) *1e9))
         else:
-          self.nanos = int(round(float('0{0}'.format(value[pos: -1])) *1e9))
+          nanos = int(round(float('0{0}'.format(value[pos: -1])) *1e9))
+      _CheckDurationValid(seconds, nanos)
+      self.seconds = seconds
+      self.nanos = nanos
     except ValueError:
       raise ParseError(
           'Couldn\'t parse duration: {0}.'.format(value))
@@ -359,6 +364,17 @@ class Duration(object):
     self.nanos = nanos
 
 
+def _CheckDurationValid(seconds, nanos):
+  if seconds < -_DURATION_SECONDS_MAX or seconds > _DURATION_SECONDS_MAX:
+    raise Error(
+        'Duration is not valid: Seconds {0} must be in range '
+        '[-315576000000, 315576000000].'.format(seconds))
+  if nanos <= -_NANOS_PER_SECOND or nanos >= _NANOS_PER_SECOND:
+    raise Error(
+        'Duration is not valid: Nanos {0} must be in range '
+        '[-999999999, 999999999].'.format(nanos))
+
+
 def _RoundTowardZero(value, divider):
   """Truncates the remainder part after division."""
   # For some languanges, the sign of the remainder is implementation
@@ -379,13 +395,16 @@ class FieldMask(object):
 
   def ToJsonString(self):
     """Converts FieldMask to string according to proto3 JSON spec."""
-    return ','.join(self.paths)
+    camelcase_paths = []
+    for path in self.paths:
+      camelcase_paths.append(_SnakeCaseToCamelCase(path))
+    return ','.join(camelcase_paths)
 
   def FromJsonString(self, value):
     """Converts string to FieldMask according to proto3 JSON spec."""
     self.Clear()
     for path in value.split(','):
-      self.paths.append(path)
+      self.paths.append(_CamelCaseToSnakeCase(path))
 
   def IsValidForDescriptor(self, message_descriptor):
     """Checks whether the FieldMask is valid for Message Descriptor."""
@@ -472,6 +491,48 @@ def _CheckFieldMaskMessage(message):
         message_descriptor.full_name))
 
 
+def _SnakeCaseToCamelCase(path_name):
+  """Converts a path name from snake_case to camelCase."""
+  result = []
+  after_underscore = False
+  for c in path_name:
+    if c.isupper():
+      raise Error('Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: Path name '
+                  '{0} must not contain uppercase letters.'.format(path_name))
+    if after_underscore:
+      if c.islower():
+        result.append(c.upper())
+        after_underscore = False
+      else:
+        raise Error('Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: The '
+                    'character after a "_" must be a lowercase letter '
+                    'in path name {0}.'.format(path_name))
+    elif c == '_':
+      after_underscore = True
+    else:
+      result += c
+
+  if after_underscore:
+    raise Error('Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: Trailing "_" '
+                'in path name {0}.'.format(path_name))
+  return ''.join(result)
+
+
+def _CamelCaseToSnakeCase(path_name):
+  """Converts a field name from camelCase to snake_case."""
+  result = []
+  for c in path_name:
+    if c == '_':
+      raise ParseError('Fail to parse FieldMask: Path name '
+                       '{0} must not contain "_"s.'.format(path_name))
+    if c.isupper():
+      result += '_'
+      result += c.lower()
+    else:
+      result += c
+  return ''.join(result)
+
+
 class _FieldMaskTree(object):
   """Represents a FieldMask in a tree structure.
 
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types_test.py b/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types_test.py
index 2f32ac99..077f630f 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types_test.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/internal/well_known_types_test.py
@@ -303,6 +303,25 @@ class TimeUtilTest(TimeUtilTestBase):
         well_known_types.ParseError,
         'Couldn\'t parse duration: 1...2s.',
         message.FromJsonString, '1...2s')
+    text = '-315576000001.000000000s'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        well_known_types.Error,
+        r'Duration is not valid\: Seconds -315576000001 must be in range'
+        r' \[-315576000000\, 315576000000\].',
+        message.FromJsonString, text)
+    text = '315576000001.000000000s'
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        well_known_types.Error,
+        r'Duration is not valid\: Seconds 315576000001 must be in range'
+        r' \[-315576000000\, 315576000000\].',
+        message.FromJsonString, text)
+    message.seconds = -315576000001
+    message.nanos = 0
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        well_known_types.Error,
+        r'Duration is not valid\: Seconds -315576000001 must be in range'
+        r' \[-315576000000\, 315576000000\].',
+        message.ToJsonString)
 
 
 class FieldMaskTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -322,6 +341,20 @@ class FieldMaskTest(unittest.TestCase):
     mask.FromJsonString('foo,bar')
     self.assertEqual(['foo', 'bar'], mask.paths)
 
+    # Test camel case
+    mask.Clear()
+    mask.paths.append('foo_bar')
+    self.assertEqual('fooBar', mask.ToJsonString())
+    mask.paths.append('bar_quz')
+    self.assertEqual('fooBar,barQuz', mask.ToJsonString())
+
+    mask.FromJsonString('')
+    self.assertEqual('', mask.ToJsonString())
+    mask.FromJsonString('fooBar')
+    self.assertEqual(['foo_bar'], mask.paths)
+    mask.FromJsonString('fooBar,barQuz')
+    self.assertEqual(['foo_bar', 'bar_quz'], mask.paths)
+
   def testDescriptorToFieldMask(self):
     mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask()
     msg_descriptor = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.DESCRIPTOR
@@ -502,17 +535,68 @@ class FieldMaskTest(unittest.TestCase):
     nested_src.payload.repeated_int32.append(1234)
     nested_dst.payload.repeated_int32.append(5678)
     # Repeated fields will be appended by default.
-    mask.FromJsonString('payload.repeated_int32')
+    mask.FromJsonString('payload.repeatedInt32')
     mask.MergeMessage(nested_src, nested_dst)
     self.assertEqual(2, len(nested_dst.payload.repeated_int32))
     self.assertEqual(5678, nested_dst.payload.repeated_int32[0])
     self.assertEqual(1234, nested_dst.payload.repeated_int32[1])
     # Change the behavior to replace repeated fields.
-    mask.FromJsonString('payload.repeated_int32')
+    mask.FromJsonString('payload.repeatedInt32')
     mask.MergeMessage(nested_src, nested_dst, False, True)
     self.assertEqual(1, len(nested_dst.payload.repeated_int32))
     self.assertEqual(1234, nested_dst.payload.repeated_int32[0])
 
+  def testSnakeCaseToCamelCase(self):
+    self.assertEqual('fooBar',
+                     well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase('foo_bar'))
+    self.assertEqual('FooBar',
+                     well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase('_foo_bar'))
+    self.assertEqual('foo3Bar',
+                     well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase('foo3_bar'))
+
+    # No uppercase letter is allowed.
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        well_known_types.Error,
+        'Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: Path name Foo must '
+        'not contain uppercase letters.',
+        well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase,
+        'Foo')
+    # Any character after a "_" must be a lowercase letter.
+    #   1. "_" cannot be followed by another "_".
+    #   2. "_" cannot be followed by a digit.
+    #   3. "_" cannot appear as the last character.
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        well_known_types.Error,
+        'Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: The character after a '
+        '"_" must be a lowercase letter in path name foo__bar.',
+        well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase,
+        'foo__bar')
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        well_known_types.Error,
+        'Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: The character after a '
+        '"_" must be a lowercase letter in path name foo_3bar.',
+        well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase,
+        'foo_3bar')
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        well_known_types.Error,
+        'Fail to print FieldMask to Json string: Trailing "_" in path '
+        'name foo_bar_.',
+        well_known_types._SnakeCaseToCamelCase,
+        'foo_bar_')
+
+  def testCamelCaseToSnakeCase(self):
+    self.assertEqual('foo_bar',
+                     well_known_types._CamelCaseToSnakeCase('fooBar'))
+    self.assertEqual('_foo_bar',
+                     well_known_types._CamelCaseToSnakeCase('FooBar'))
+    self.assertEqual('foo3_bar',
+                     well_known_types._CamelCaseToSnakeCase('foo3Bar'))
+    self.assertRaisesRegexp(
+        well_known_types.ParseError,
+        'Fail to parse FieldMask: Path name foo_bar must not contain "_"s.',
+        well_known_types._CamelCaseToSnakeCase,
+        'foo_bar')
+
 
 class StructTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -529,52 +613,52 @@ class StructTest(unittest.TestCase):
     struct_list.add_struct()['subkey2'] = 9
 
     self.assertTrue(isinstance(struct, well_known_types.Struct))
-    self.assertEquals(5, struct['key1'])
-    self.assertEquals('abc', struct['key2'])
+    self.assertEqual(5, struct['key1'])
+    self.assertEqual('abc', struct['key2'])
     self.assertIs(True, struct['key3'])
-    self.assertEquals(11, struct['key4']['subkey'])
+    self.assertEqual(11, struct['key4']['subkey'])
     inner_struct = struct_class()
     inner_struct['subkey2'] = 9
-    self.assertEquals([6, 'seven', True, False, None, inner_struct],
-                      list(struct['key5'].items()))
+    self.assertEqual([6, 'seven', True, False, None, inner_struct],
+                     list(struct['key5'].items()))
 
     serialized = struct.SerializeToString()
 
     struct2 = struct_pb2.Struct()
     struct2.ParseFromString(serialized)
 
-    self.assertEquals(struct, struct2)
+    self.assertEqual(struct, struct2)
 
     self.assertTrue(isinstance(struct2, well_known_types.Struct))
-    self.assertEquals(5, struct2['key1'])
-    self.assertEquals('abc', struct2['key2'])
+    self.assertEqual(5, struct2['key1'])
+    self.assertEqual('abc', struct2['key2'])
     self.assertIs(True, struct2['key3'])
-    self.assertEquals(11, struct2['key4']['subkey'])
-    self.assertEquals([6, 'seven', True, False, None, inner_struct],
-                      list(struct2['key5'].items()))
+    self.assertEqual(11, struct2['key4']['subkey'])
+    self.assertEqual([6, 'seven', True, False, None, inner_struct],
+                     list(struct2['key5'].items()))
 
     struct_list = struct2['key5']
-    self.assertEquals(6, struct_list[0])
-    self.assertEquals('seven', struct_list[1])
-    self.assertEquals(True, struct_list[2])
-    self.assertEquals(False, struct_list[3])
-    self.assertEquals(None, struct_list[4])
-    self.assertEquals(inner_struct, struct_list[5])
+    self.assertEqual(6, struct_list[0])
+    self.assertEqual('seven', struct_list[1])
+    self.assertEqual(True, struct_list[2])
+    self.assertEqual(False, struct_list[3])
+    self.assertEqual(None, struct_list[4])
+    self.assertEqual(inner_struct, struct_list[5])
 
     struct_list[1] = 7
-    self.assertEquals(7, struct_list[1])
+    self.assertEqual(7, struct_list[1])
 
     struct_list.add_list().extend([1, 'two', True, False, None])
-    self.assertEquals([1, 'two', True, False, None],
-                      list(struct_list[6].items()))
+    self.assertEqual([1, 'two', True, False, None],
+                     list(struct_list[6].items()))
 
     text_serialized = str(struct)
     struct3 = struct_pb2.Struct()
     text_format.Merge(text_serialized, struct3)
-    self.assertEquals(struct, struct3)
+    self.assertEqual(struct, struct3)
 
     struct.get_or_create_struct('key3')['replace'] = 12
-    self.assertEquals(12, struct['key3']['replace'])
+    self.assertEqual(12, struct['key3']['replace'])
 
 
 class AnyTest(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/json_format.py b/python/google/protobuf/json_format.py
index edc0cb50..c42371d0 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/json_format.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/json_format.py
@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ class ParseError(Error):
   """Thrown in case of parsing error."""
 
 
-def MessageToJson(message, including_default_value_fields=False):
+def MessageToJson(message,
+                  including_default_value_fields=False,
+                  preserving_proto_field_name=False):
   """Converts protobuf message to JSON format.
 
   Args:
@@ -95,14 +97,42 @@ def MessageToJson(message, including_default_value_fields=False):
         repeated fields, and map fields will always be serialized.  If
         False, only serialize non-empty fields.  Singular message fields
         and oneof fields are not affected by this option.
+    preserving_proto_field_name: If True, use the original proto field
+        names as defined in the .proto file. If False, convert the field
+        names to lowerCamelCase.
 
   Returns:
     A string containing the JSON formatted protocol buffer message.
   """
-  printer = _Printer(including_default_value_fields)
+  printer = _Printer(including_default_value_fields,
+                     preserving_proto_field_name)
   return printer.ToJsonString(message)
 
 
+def MessageToDict(message,
+                  including_default_value_fields=False,
+                  preserving_proto_field_name=False):
+  """Converts protobuf message to a JSON dictionary.
+
+  Args:
+    message: The protocol buffers message instance to serialize.
+    including_default_value_fields: If True, singular primitive fields,
+        repeated fields, and map fields will always be serialized.  If
+        False, only serialize non-empty fields.  Singular message fields
+        and oneof fields are not affected by this option.
+    preserving_proto_field_name: If True, use the original proto field
+        names as defined in the .proto file. If False, convert the field
+        names to lowerCamelCase.
+
+  Returns:
+    A dict representation of the JSON formatted protocol buffer message.
+  """
+  printer = _Printer(including_default_value_fields,
+                     preserving_proto_field_name)
+  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+  return printer._MessageToJsonObject(message)
+
+
 def _IsMapEntry(field):
   return (field.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.TYPE_MESSAGE and
           field.message_type.has_options and
@@ -113,8 +143,10 @@ class _Printer(object):
   """JSON format printer for protocol message."""
 
   def __init__(self,
-               including_default_value_fields=False):
+               including_default_value_fields=False,
+               preserving_proto_field_name=False):
     self.including_default_value_fields = including_default_value_fields
+    self.preserving_proto_field_name = preserving_proto_field_name
 
   def ToJsonString(self, message):
     js = self._MessageToJsonObject(message)
@@ -137,7 +169,10 @@ class _Printer(object):
 
     try:
       for field, value in fields:
-        name = field.camelcase_name
+        if self.preserving_proto_field_name:
+          name = field.name
+        else:
+          name = field.json_name
         if _IsMapEntry(field):
           # Convert a map field.
           v_field = field.message_type.fields_by_name['value']
@@ -169,7 +204,10 @@ class _Printer(object):
                field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) or
               field.containing_oneof):
             continue
-          name = field.camelcase_name
+          if self.preserving_proto_field_name:
+            name = field.name
+          else:
+            name = field.json_name
           if name in js:
             # Skip the field which has been serailized already.
             continue
@@ -328,8 +366,22 @@ def Parse(text, message, ignore_unknown_fields=False):
       js = json.loads(text, object_pairs_hook=_DuplicateChecker)
   except ValueError as e:
     raise ParseError('Failed to load JSON: {0}.'.format(str(e)))
+  return ParseDict(js, message, ignore_unknown_fields)
+
+
+def ParseDict(js_dict, message, ignore_unknown_fields=False):
+  """Parses a JSON dictionary representation into a message.
+
+  Args:
+    js_dict: Dict representation of a JSON message.
+    message: A protocol buffer message to merge into.
+    ignore_unknown_fields: If True, do not raise errors for unknown fields.
+
+  Returns:
+    The same message passed as argument.
+  """
   parser = _Parser(ignore_unknown_fields)
-  parser.ConvertMessage(js, message)
+  parser.ConvertMessage(js_dict, message)
   return message
 
 
@@ -374,9 +426,13 @@ class _Parser(object):
     """
     names = []
     message_descriptor = message.DESCRIPTOR
+    fields_by_json_name = dict((f.json_name, f)
+                               for f in message_descriptor.fields)
     for name in js:
       try:
-        field = message_descriptor.fields_by_camelcase_name.get(name, None)
+        field = fields_by_json_name.get(name, None)
+        if not field:
+          field = message_descriptor.fields_by_name.get(name, None)
         if not field:
           if self.ignore_unknown_fields:
             continue
@@ -399,7 +455,12 @@ class _Parser(object):
 
         value = js[name]
         if value is None:
-          message.ClearField(field.name)
+          if (field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
+              and field.message_type.full_name == 'google.protobuf.Value'):
+            sub_message = getattr(message, field.name)
+            sub_message.null_value = 0
+          else:
+            message.ClearField(field.name)
           continue
 
         # Parse field value.
@@ -431,6 +492,7 @@ class _Parser(object):
                   _ConvertScalarFieldValue(item, field))
         elif field.cpp_type == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
           sub_message = getattr(message, field.name)
+          sub_message.SetInParent()
           self.ConvertMessage(value, sub_message)
         else:
           setattr(message, field.name, _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field))
@@ -574,10 +636,15 @@ def _ConvertScalarFieldValue(value, field, require_str=False):
     # Convert an enum value.
     enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_name.get(value, None)
     if enum_value is None:
-      raise ParseError(
-          'Enum value must be a string literal with double quotes. '
-          'Type "{0}" has no value named {1}.'.format(
-              field.enum_type.full_name, value))
+      try:
+        number = int(value)
+        enum_value = field.enum_type.values_by_number.get(number, None)
+      except ValueError:
+        raise ParseError('Invalid enum value {0} for enum type {1}.'.format(
+            value, field.enum_type.full_name))
+      if enum_value is None:
+        raise ParseError('Invalid enum value {0} for enum type {1}.'.format(
+            value, field.enum_type.full_name))
     return enum_value.number
 
 
@@ -593,7 +660,7 @@ def _ConvertInteger(value):
   Raises:
     ParseError: If an integer couldn't be consumed.
   """
-  if isinstance(value, float):
+  if isinstance(value, float) and not value.is_integer():
     raise ParseError('Couldn\'t parse integer: {0}.'.format(value))
 
   if isinstance(value, six.text_type) and value.find(' ') != -1:
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/message.py b/python/google/protobuf/message.py
index 606f735f..aab250e4 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/message.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/message.py
@@ -225,10 +225,11 @@ class Message(object):
   # """
   def ListFields(self):
     """Returns a list of (FieldDescriptor, value) tuples for all
-    fields in the message which are not empty.  A singular field is non-empty
-    if HasField() would return true, and a repeated field is non-empty if
-    it contains at least one element.  The fields are ordered by field
-    number"""
+    fields in the message which are not empty.  A message field is
+    non-empty if HasField() would return true. A singular primitive field
+    is non-empty if HasField() would return true in proto2 or it is non zero
+    in proto3. A repeated field is non-empty if it contains at least one
+    element.  The fields are ordered by field number"""
     raise NotImplementedError
 
   def HasField(self, field_name):
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/message_factory.py b/python/google/protobuf/message_factory.py
index 1b059d13..8ab1c513 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/message_factory.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/message_factory.py
@@ -103,13 +103,8 @@ class MessageFactory(object):
     result = {}
     for file_name in files:
       file_desc = self.pool.FindFileByName(file_name)
-      for name, msg in file_desc.message_types_by_name.items():
-        if file_desc.package:
-          full_name = '.'.join([file_desc.package, name])
-        else:
-          full_name = msg.name
-        result[full_name] = self.GetPrototype(
-            self.pool.FindMessageTypeByName(full_name))
+      for desc in file_desc.message_types_by_name.values():
+        result[desc.full_name] = self.GetPrototype(desc)
 
       # While the extension FieldDescriptors are created by the descriptor pool,
       # the python classes created in the factory need them to be registered
@@ -120,7 +115,7 @@ class MessageFactory(object):
       # ignore the registration if the original was the same, or raise
       # an error if they were different.
 
-      for name, extension in file_desc.extensions_by_name.items():
+      for extension in file_desc.extensions_by_name.values():
         if extension.containing_type.full_name not in self._classes:
           self.GetPrototype(extension.containing_type)
         extended_class = self._classes[extension.containing_type.full_name]
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.cc
index e6ef5ef5..924ae0b9 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.cc
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.cc
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_containers.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
 
 #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
@@ -204,8 +205,9 @@ static PyObject* GetOrBuildOptions(const DescriptorClass *descriptor) {
   // read-only instance.
   const Message& options(descriptor->options());
   const Descriptor *message_type = options.GetDescriptor();
-  CMessageClass* message_class(
-      cdescriptor_pool::GetMessageClass(pool, message_type));
+  PyMessageFactory* message_factory = pool->py_message_factory;
+  CMessageClass* message_class = message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+      message_factory, message_type);
   if (message_class == NULL) {
     // The Options message was not found in the current DescriptorPool.
     // This means that the pool cannot contain any extensions to the Options
@@ -213,7 +215,9 @@ static PyObject* GetOrBuildOptions(const DescriptorClass *descriptor) {
     // the chances of successfully parsing the options.
     PyErr_Clear();
     pool = GetDefaultDescriptorPool();
-    message_class = cdescriptor_pool::GetMessageClass(pool, message_type);
+    message_factory = pool->py_message_factory;
+    message_class = message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+      message_factory, message_type);
   }
   if (message_class == NULL) {
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Could not retrieve class for Options: %s",
@@ -243,7 +247,7 @@ static PyObject* GetOrBuildOptions(const DescriptorClass *descriptor) {
     options.SerializeToString(&serialized);
     io::CodedInputStream input(
         reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(serialized.c_str()), serialized.size());
-    input.SetExtensionRegistry(pool->pool, pool->message_factory);
+    input.SetExtensionRegistry(pool->pool, message_factory->message_factory);
     bool success = cmsg->message->MergePartialFromCodedStream(&input);
     if (!success) {
       PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Error parsing Options message");
@@ -439,8 +443,9 @@ static PyObject* GetConcreteClass(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
   // which contains this descriptor.
   // This might not be the one you expect! For example the returned object does
   // not know about extensions defined in a custom pool.
-  CMessageClass* concrete_class(cdescriptor_pool::GetMessageClass(
-      GetDescriptorPool_FromPool(_GetDescriptor(self)->file()->pool()),
+  CMessageClass* concrete_class(message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+      GetDescriptorPool_FromPool(
+          _GetDescriptor(self)->file()->pool())->py_message_factory,
       _GetDescriptor(self)));
   Py_XINCREF(concrete_class);
   return concrete_class->AsPyObject();
@@ -699,6 +704,10 @@ static PyObject* GetCamelcaseName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
   return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->camelcase_name());
 }
 
+static PyObject* GetJsonName(PyBaseDescriptor* self, void *closure) {
+  return PyString_FromCppString(_GetDescriptor(self)->json_name());
+}
+
 static PyObject* GetType(PyBaseDescriptor *self, void *closure) {
   return PyInt_FromLong(_GetDescriptor(self)->type());
 }
@@ -888,6 +897,7 @@ static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
   { "full_name", (getter)GetFullName, NULL, "Full name"},
   { "name", (getter)GetName, NULL, "Unqualified name"},
   { "camelcase_name", (getter)GetCamelcaseName, NULL, "Camelcase name"},
+  { "json_name", (getter)GetJsonName, NULL, "Json name"},
   { "type", (getter)GetType, NULL, "C++ Type"},
   { "cpp_type", (getter)GetCppType, NULL, "C++ Type"},
   { "label", (getter)GetLabel, NULL, "Label"},
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.cc
index cfd98690..a42e5431 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.cc
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.cc
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@
 #include <Python.h>
 
 #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_database.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
 
 #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
@@ -73,18 +73,16 @@ static PyDescriptorPool* _CreateDescriptorPool() {
   cpool->underlay = NULL;
   cpool->database = NULL;
 
-  DynamicMessageFactory* message_factory = new DynamicMessageFactory();
-  // This option might be the default some day.
-  message_factory->SetDelegateToGeneratedFactory(true);
-  cpool->message_factory = message_factory;
-
-  // TODO(amauryfa): Rewrite the SymbolDatabase in C so that it uses the same
-  // storage.
-  cpool->classes_by_descriptor =
-      new PyDescriptorPool::ClassesByMessageMap();
   cpool->descriptor_options =
       new hash_map<const void*, PyObject *>();
 
+  cpool->py_message_factory = message_factory::NewMessageFactory(
+      &PyMessageFactory_Type, cpool);
+  if (cpool->py_message_factory == NULL) {
+    Py_DECREF(cpool);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
   return cpool;
 }
 
@@ -151,20 +149,14 @@ static PyObject* New(PyTypeObject* type,
 }
 
 static void Dealloc(PyDescriptorPool* self) {
-  typedef PyDescriptorPool::ClassesByMessageMap::iterator iterator;
   descriptor_pool_map.erase(self->pool);
-  for (iterator it = self->classes_by_descriptor->begin();
-       it != self->classes_by_descriptor->end(); ++it) {
-    Py_DECREF(it->second);
-  }
-  delete self->classes_by_descriptor;
+  Py_CLEAR(self->py_message_factory);
   for (hash_map<const void*, PyObject*>::iterator it =
            self->descriptor_options->begin();
        it != self->descriptor_options->end(); ++it) {
     Py_DECREF(it->second);
   }
   delete self->descriptor_options;
-  delete self->message_factory;
   delete self->database;
   delete self->pool;
   Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
@@ -188,35 +180,8 @@ PyObject* FindMessageByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg) {
   return PyMessageDescriptor_FromDescriptor(message_descriptor);
 }
 
-// Add a message class to our database.
-int RegisterMessageClass(PyDescriptorPool* self,
-                         const Descriptor* message_descriptor,
-                         CMessageClass* message_class) {
-  Py_INCREF(message_class);
-  typedef PyDescriptorPool::ClassesByMessageMap::iterator iterator;
-  std::pair<iterator, bool> ret = self->classes_by_descriptor->insert(
-      std::make_pair(message_descriptor, message_class));
-  if (!ret.second) {
-    // Update case: DECREF the previous value.
-    Py_DECREF(ret.first->second);
-    ret.first->second = message_class;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
 
-// Retrieve the message class added to our database.
-CMessageClass* GetMessageClass(PyDescriptorPool* self,
-                               const Descriptor* message_descriptor) {
-  typedef PyDescriptorPool::ClassesByMessageMap::iterator iterator;
-  iterator ret = self->classes_by_descriptor->find(message_descriptor);
-  if (ret == self->classes_by_descriptor->end()) {
-    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "No message class registered for '%s'",
-                 message_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
-    return NULL;
-  } else {
-    return ret->second;
-  }
-}
+
 
 PyObject* FindFileByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg) {
   Py_ssize_t name_size;
@@ -228,11 +193,9 @@ PyObject* FindFileByName(PyDescriptorPool* self, PyObject* arg) {
   const FileDescriptor* file_descriptor =
       self->pool->FindFileByName(string(name, name_size));
   if (file_descriptor == NULL) {
-    PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Couldn't find file %.200s",
-                 name);
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_KeyError, "Couldn't find file %.200s", name);
     return NULL;
   }
-
   return PyFileDescriptor_FromDescriptor(file_descriptor);
 }
 
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h
index 2a42c112..8de6c60b 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@
 
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
-class MessageFactory;
-
 namespace python {
 
+class PyMessageFactory;
+
 // The (meta) type of all Messages classes.
 struct CMessageClass;
 
@@ -69,20 +69,10 @@ typedef struct PyDescriptorPool {
   // This pointer is owned.
   const DescriptorDatabase* database;
 
-  // DynamicMessageFactory used to create C++ instances of messages.
-  // This object cache the descriptors that were used, so the DescriptorPool
-  // needs to get rid of it before it can delete itself.
-  //
-  // Note: A C++ MessageFactory is different from the Python MessageFactory.
-  // The C++ one creates messages, when the Python one creates classes.
-  MessageFactory* message_factory;
-
-  // Make our own mapping to retrieve Python classes from C++ descriptors.
-  //
-  // Descriptor pointers stored here are owned by the DescriptorPool above.
-  // Python references to classes are owned by this PyDescriptorPool.
-  typedef hash_map<const Descriptor*, CMessageClass*> ClassesByMessageMap;
-  ClassesByMessageMap* classes_by_descriptor;
+  // The preferred MessageFactory to be used by descriptors.
+  // TODO(amauryfa): Don't create the Factory from the DescriptorPool, but
+  // use the one passed while creating message classes. And remove this member.
+  PyMessageFactory* py_message_factory;
 
   // Cache the options for any kind of descriptor.
   // Descriptor pointers are owned by the DescriptorPool above.
@@ -100,19 +90,6 @@ namespace cdescriptor_pool {
 const Descriptor* FindMessageTypeByName(PyDescriptorPool* self,
                                         const string& name);
 
-// Registers a new Python class for the given message descriptor.
-// On error, returns -1 with a Python exception set.
-int RegisterMessageClass(PyDescriptorPool* self,
-                         const Descriptor* message_descriptor,
-                         CMessageClass* message_class);
-
-// Retrieves the Python class registered with the given message descriptor.
-//
-// Returns a *borrowed* reference if found, otherwise returns NULL with an
-// exception set.
-CMessageClass* GetMessageClass(PyDescriptorPool* self,
-                               const Descriptor* message_descriptor);
-
 // The functions below are also exposed as methods of the DescriptorPool type.
 
 // Looks up a message by name. Returns a PyMessageDescriptor corresponding to
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.cc
index 21bbb8c2..dbb7bca0 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.cc
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.cc
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/message.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_scalar_container.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
@@ -60,35 +60,6 @@ PyObject* len(ExtensionDict* self) {
 #endif
 }
 
-// TODO(tibell): Use VisitCompositeField.
-int ReleaseExtension(ExtensionDict* self,
-                     PyObject* extension,
-                     const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
-  if (descriptor->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED) {
-    if (descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
-      if (repeated_composite_container::Release(
-              reinterpret_cast<RepeatedCompositeContainer*>(
-                  extension)) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (repeated_scalar_container::Release(
-              reinterpret_cast<RepeatedScalarContainer*>(
-                  extension)) < 0) {
-        return -1;
-      }
-    }
-  } else if (descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
-    if (cmessage::ReleaseSubMessage(
-            self->parent, descriptor,
-            reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(extension)) < 0) {
-      return -1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
 PyObject* subscript(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* key) {
   const FieldDescriptor* descriptor = cmessage::GetExtensionDescriptor(key);
   if (descriptor == NULL) {
@@ -130,8 +101,8 @@ PyObject* subscript(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* key) {
 
   if (descriptor->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED) {
     if (descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
-      CMessageClass* message_class = cdescriptor_pool::GetMessageClass(
-          cmessage::GetDescriptorPoolForMessage(self->parent),
+      CMessageClass* message_class = message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+          cmessage::GetFactoryForMessage(self->parent),
           descriptor->message_type());
       if (message_class == NULL) {
         return NULL;
@@ -183,47 +154,6 @@ int ass_subscript(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* key, PyObject* value) {
   return 0;
 }
 
-PyObject* ClearExtension(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* extension) {
-  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor =
-      cmessage::GetExtensionDescriptor(extension);
-  if (descriptor == NULL) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  PyObject* value = PyDict_GetItem(self->values, extension);
-  if (self->parent) {
-    if (value != NULL) {
-      if (ReleaseExtension(self, value, descriptor) < 0) {
-        return NULL;
-      }
-    }
-    if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(cmessage::ClearFieldByDescriptor(
-            self->parent, descriptor)) == NULL) {
-      return NULL;
-    }
-  }
-  if (PyDict_DelItem(self->values, extension) < 0) {
-    PyErr_Clear();
-  }
-  Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
-
-PyObject* HasExtension(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* extension) {
-  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor =
-      cmessage::GetExtensionDescriptor(extension);
-  if (descriptor == NULL) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  if (self->parent) {
-    return cmessage::HasFieldByDescriptor(self->parent, descriptor);
-  } else {
-    int exists = PyDict_Contains(self->values, extension);
-    if (exists < 0) {
-      return NULL;
-    }
-    return PyBool_FromLong(exists);
-  }
-}
-
 PyObject* _FindExtensionByName(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* name) {
   ScopedPyObjectPtr extensions_by_name(PyObject_GetAttrString(
       reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self->parent), "_extensions_by_name"));
@@ -282,8 +212,6 @@ static PyMappingMethods MpMethods = {
 
 #define EDMETHOD(name, args, doc) { #name, (PyCFunction)name, args, doc }
 static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
-  EDMETHOD(ClearExtension, METH_O, "Clears an extension from the object."),
-  EDMETHOD(HasExtension, METH_O, "Checks if the object has an extension."),
   EDMETHOD(_FindExtensionByName, METH_O,
            "Finds an extension by name."),
   EDMETHOD(_FindExtensionByNumber, METH_O,
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.h b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.h
index 2456eda1..65b87862 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.h
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/extension_dict.h
@@ -86,49 +86,6 @@ namespace extension_dict {
 // Builds an Extensions dict for a specific message.
 ExtensionDict* NewExtensionDict(CMessage *parent);
 
-// Gets the number of extension values in this ExtensionDict as a python object.
-//
-// Returns a new reference.
-PyObject* len(ExtensionDict* self);
-
-// Releases extensions referenced outside this dictionary to keep outside
-// references alive.
-//
-// Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
-int ReleaseExtension(ExtensionDict* self,
-                     PyObject* extension,
-                     const FieldDescriptor* descriptor);
-
-// Gets an extension from the dict for the given extension descriptor.
-//
-// Returns a new reference.
-PyObject* subscript(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* key);
-
-// Assigns a value to an extension in the dict. Can only be used for singular
-// simple types.
-//
-// Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
-int ass_subscript(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* key, PyObject* value);
-
-// Clears an extension from the dict. Will release the extension if there
-// is still an external reference left to it.
-//
-// Returns None on success.
-PyObject* ClearExtension(ExtensionDict* self,
-                                       PyObject* extension);
-
-// Gets an extension from the dict given the extension name as opposed to
-// descriptor.
-//
-// Returns a new reference.
-PyObject* _FindExtensionByName(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* name);
-
-// Gets an extension from the dict given the extension field number as
-// opposed to descriptor.
-//
-// Returns a new reference.
-PyObject* _FindExtensionByNumber(ExtensionDict* self, PyObject* number);
-
 }  // namespace extension_dict
 }  // namespace python
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.cc
index 0987b898..318c2e7c 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.cc
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.cc
@@ -42,7 +42,9 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
 
 #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
@@ -328,6 +330,15 @@ PyObject* Clear(PyObject* _self) {
   Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
+PyObject* GetEntryClass(PyObject* _self) {
+  MapContainer* self = GetMap(_self);
+  CMessageClass* message_class = message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+      cmessage::GetFactoryForMessage(self->parent),
+      self->parent_field_descriptor->message_type());
+  Py_XINCREF(message_class);
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(message_class);
+}
+
 PyObject* MapReflectionFriend::Contains(PyObject* _self, PyObject* key) {
   MapContainer* self = GetMap(_self);
 
@@ -400,12 +411,7 @@ PyObject *NewScalarMapContainer(
     return NULL;
   }
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
-  ScopedPyObjectPtr obj(PyType_GenericAlloc(
-        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject *>(ScalarMapContainer_Type), 0));
-#else
-  ScopedPyObjectPtr obj(PyType_GenericAlloc(&ScalarMapContainer_Type, 0));
-#endif
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr obj(PyType_GenericAlloc(ScalarMapContainer_Type, 0));
   if (obj.get() == NULL) {
     return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                         "Could not allocate new container.");
@@ -527,6 +533,8 @@ static PyMethodDef ScalarMapMethods[] = {
     "Removes all elements from the map." },
   { "get", ScalarMapGet, METH_VARARGS,
     "Gets the value for the given key if present, or otherwise a default" },
+  { "GetEntryClass", (PyCFunction)GetEntryClass, METH_NOARGS,
+    "Return the class used to build Entries of (key, value) pairs." },
   /*
   { "__deepcopy__", (PyCFunction)DeepCopy, METH_VARARGS,
     "Makes a deep copy of the class." },
@@ -536,6 +544,7 @@ static PyMethodDef ScalarMapMethods[] = {
   {NULL, NULL},
 };
 
+PyTypeObject *ScalarMapContainer_Type;
 #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
   static PyType_Slot ScalarMapContainer_Type_slots[] = {
       {Py_tp_dealloc, (void *)ScalarMapDealloc},
@@ -554,7 +563,6 @@ static PyMethodDef ScalarMapMethods[] = {
       Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
       ScalarMapContainer_Type_slots
   };
-  PyObject *ScalarMapContainer_Type;
 #else
   static PyMappingMethods ScalarMapMappingMethods = {
     MapReflectionFriend::Length,             // mp_length
@@ -562,7 +570,7 @@ static PyMethodDef ScalarMapMethods[] = {
     MapReflectionFriend::ScalarMapSetItem,   // mp_ass_subscript
   };
 
-  PyTypeObject ScalarMapContainer_Type = {
+  PyTypeObject _ScalarMapContainer_Type = {
     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
     FULL_MODULE_NAME ".ScalarMapContainer",  //  tp_name
     sizeof(MapContainer),                //  tp_basicsize
@@ -643,12 +651,7 @@ PyObject* NewMessageMapContainer(
     return NULL;
   }
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
-  PyObject* obj = PyType_GenericAlloc(
-        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject *>(MessageMapContainer_Type), 0);
-#else
-  PyObject* obj = PyType_GenericAlloc(&MessageMapContainer_Type, 0);
-#endif
+  PyObject* obj = PyType_GenericAlloc(MessageMapContainer_Type, 0);
   if (obj == NULL) {
     return PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                         "Could not allocate new container.");
@@ -780,6 +783,8 @@ static PyMethodDef MessageMapMethods[] = {
     "Gets the value for the given key if present, or otherwise a default" },
   { "get_or_create", MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapGetItem, METH_O,
     "Alias for getitem, useful to make explicit that the map is mutated." },
+  { "GetEntryClass", (PyCFunction)GetEntryClass, METH_NOARGS,
+    "Return the class used to build Entries of (key, value) pairs." },
   /*
   { "__deepcopy__", (PyCFunction)DeepCopy, METH_VARARGS,
     "Makes a deep copy of the class." },
@@ -789,6 +794,7 @@ static PyMethodDef MessageMapMethods[] = {
   {NULL, NULL},
 };
 
+PyTypeObject *MessageMapContainer_Type;
 #if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
   static PyType_Slot MessageMapContainer_Type_slots[] = {
       {Py_tp_dealloc, (void *)MessageMapDealloc},
@@ -807,8 +813,6 @@ static PyMethodDef MessageMapMethods[] = {
       Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
       MessageMapContainer_Type_slots
   };
-
-  PyObject *MessageMapContainer_Type;
 #else
   static PyMappingMethods MessageMapMappingMethods = {
     MapReflectionFriend::Length,              // mp_length
@@ -816,7 +820,7 @@ static PyMethodDef MessageMapMethods[] = {
     MapReflectionFriend::MessageMapSetItem,   // mp_ass_subscript
   };
 
-  PyTypeObject MessageMapContainer_Type = {
+  PyTypeObject _MessageMapContainer_Type = {
     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
     FULL_MODULE_NAME ".MessageMapContainer",  //  tp_name
     sizeof(MessageMapContainer),         //  tp_basicsize
@@ -965,6 +969,63 @@ PyTypeObject MapIterator_Type = {
   0,                                   //  tp_init
 };
 
+bool InitMapContainers() {
+  // ScalarMapContainer_Type derives from our MutableMapping type.
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr containers(PyImport_ImportModule(
+      "google.protobuf.internal.containers"));
+  if (containers == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr mutable_mapping(
+      PyObject_GetAttrString(containers.get(), "MutableMapping"));
+  if (mutable_mapping == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(mutable_mapping.get(), &PyType_Type)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  Py_INCREF(mutable_mapping.get());
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  PyObject* bases = PyTuple_New(1);
+  PyTuple_SET_ITEM(bases, 0, mutable_mapping.get());
+
+  ScalarMapContainer_Type = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(
+      PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&ScalarMapContainer_Type_spec, bases));
+#else
+  _ScalarMapContainer_Type.tp_base =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(mutable_mapping.get());
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&_ScalarMapContainer_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ScalarMapContainer_Type = &_ScalarMapContainer_Type;
+#endif
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&MapIterator_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  MessageMapContainer_Type = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(
+      PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&MessageMapContainer_Type_spec, bases));
+#else
+  Py_INCREF(mutable_mapping.get());
+  _MessageMapContainer_Type.tp_base =
+      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(mutable_mapping.get());
+
+  if (PyType_Ready(&_MessageMapContainer_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  MessageMapContainer_Type = &_MessageMapContainer_Type;
+#endif
+  return true;
+}
+
 }  // namespace python
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.h b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.h
index fbd6713f..615657b0 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.h
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.h
@@ -112,16 +112,10 @@ struct MessageMapContainer : public MapContainer {
   PyObject* message_dict;
 };
 
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
-  extern PyObject *MessageMapContainer_Type;
-  extern PyType_Spec MessageMapContainer_Type_spec;
-  extern PyObject *ScalarMapContainer_Type;
-  extern PyType_Spec ScalarMapContainer_Type_spec;
-#else
-  extern PyTypeObject MessageMapContainer_Type;
-  extern PyTypeObject ScalarMapContainer_Type;
-#endif
+bool InitMapContainers();
 
+extern PyTypeObject* MessageMapContainer_Type;
+extern PyTypeObject* ScalarMapContainer_Type;
 extern PyTypeObject MapIterator_Type;  // Both map types use the same iterator.
 
 // Builds a MapContainer object, from a parent message and a
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.cc
index 5535338d..1b325469 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.cc
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.cc
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_scalar_container.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
 
@@ -244,6 +245,12 @@ static PyObject* New(PyTypeObject* type,
     return NULL;
   }
 
+  // Messages have no __dict__
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr slots(PyTuple_New(0));
+  if (PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "__slots__", slots.get()) < 0) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
   // Build the arguments to the base metaclass.
   // We change the __bases__ classes.
   ScopedPyObjectPtr new_args;
@@ -300,16 +307,19 @@ static PyObject* New(PyTypeObject* type,
   newtype->message_descriptor = descriptor;
   // TODO(amauryfa): Don't always use the canonical pool of the descriptor,
   // use the MessageFactory optionally passed in the class dict.
-  newtype->py_descriptor_pool = GetDescriptorPool_FromPool(
-      descriptor->file()->pool());
-  if (newtype->py_descriptor_pool == NULL) {
+  PyDescriptorPool* py_descriptor_pool =
+      GetDescriptorPool_FromPool(descriptor->file()->pool());
+  if (py_descriptor_pool == NULL) {
     return NULL;
   }
-  Py_INCREF(newtype->py_descriptor_pool);
+  newtype->py_message_factory = py_descriptor_pool->py_message_factory;
+  Py_INCREF(newtype->py_message_factory);
 
-  // Add the message to the DescriptorPool.
-  if (cdescriptor_pool::RegisterMessageClass(newtype->py_descriptor_pool,
-                                             descriptor, newtype) < 0) {
+  // Register the message in the MessageFactory.
+  // TODO(amauryfa): Move this call to MessageFactory.GetPrototype() when the
+  // MessageFactory is fully implemented in C++.
+  if (message_factory::RegisterMessageClass(newtype->py_message_factory,
+                                            descriptor, newtype) < 0) {
     return NULL;
   }
 
@@ -321,8 +331,8 @@ static PyObject* New(PyTypeObject* type,
 }
 
 static void Dealloc(CMessageClass *self) {
-  Py_DECREF(self->py_message_descriptor);
-  Py_DECREF(self->py_descriptor_pool);
+  Py_XDECREF(self->py_message_descriptor);
+  Py_XDECREF(self->py_message_factory);
   Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
 }
 
@@ -752,15 +762,9 @@ bool CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
 
 namespace cmessage {
 
-PyDescriptorPool* GetDescriptorPoolForMessage(CMessage* message) {
-  // No need to check the type: the type of instances of CMessage is always
-  // an instance of CMessageClass. Let's prove it with a debug-only check.
+PyMessageFactory* GetFactoryForMessage(CMessage* message) {
   GOOGLE_DCHECK(PyObject_TypeCheck(message, &CMessage_Type));
-  return reinterpret_cast<CMessageClass*>(Py_TYPE(message))->py_descriptor_pool;
-}
-
-MessageFactory* GetFactoryForMessage(CMessage* message) {
-  return GetDescriptorPoolForMessage(message)->message_factory;
+  return reinterpret_cast<CMessageClass*>(Py_TYPE(message))->py_message_factory;
 }
 
 static int MaybeReleaseOverlappingOneofField(
@@ -813,7 +817,8 @@ static Message* GetMutableMessage(
     return NULL;
   }
   return reflection->MutableMessage(
-      parent_message, parent_field, GetFactoryForMessage(parent));
+      parent_message, parent_field,
+      GetFactoryForMessage(parent)->message_factory);
 }
 
 struct FixupMessageReference : public ChildVisitor {
@@ -1172,6 +1177,8 @@ int InitAttributes(CMessage* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
       }
       CMessage* cmessage = reinterpret_cast<CMessage*>(message.get());
       if (PyDict_Check(value)) {
+        // Make the message exist even if the dict is empty.
+        AssureWritable(cmessage);
         if (InitAttributes(cmessage, NULL, value) < 0) {
           return -1;
         }
@@ -1231,7 +1238,7 @@ static PyObject* New(PyTypeObject* cls,
   if (message_descriptor == NULL) {
     return NULL;
   }
-  const Message* default_message = type->py_descriptor_pool->message_factory
+  const Message* default_message = type->py_message_factory->message_factory
                                    ->GetPrototype(message_descriptor);
   if (default_message == NULL) {
     PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, message_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
@@ -1292,6 +1299,9 @@ struct ClearWeakReferences : public ChildVisitor {
 };
 
 static void Dealloc(CMessage* self) {
+  if (self->weakreflist) {
+    PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+  }
   // Null out all weak references from children to this message.
   GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(0, ForEachCompositeField(self, ClearWeakReferences()));
   if (self->extensions) {
@@ -1459,18 +1469,20 @@ PyObject* HasField(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg) {
 }
 
 PyObject* ClearExtension(CMessage* self, PyObject* extension) {
+  const FieldDescriptor* descriptor = GetExtensionDescriptor(extension);
+  if (descriptor == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
   if (self->extensions != NULL) {
-    return extension_dict::ClearExtension(self->extensions, extension);
-  } else {
-    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor = GetExtensionDescriptor(extension);
-    if (descriptor == NULL) {
-      return NULL;
-    }
-    if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(ClearFieldByDescriptor(self, descriptor)) == NULL) {
-      return NULL;
+    PyObject* value = PyDict_GetItem(self->extensions->values, extension);
+    if (value != NULL) {
+      if (InternalReleaseFieldByDescriptor(self, descriptor, value) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      PyDict_DelItem(self->extensions->values, extension);
     }
   }
-  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  return ClearFieldByDescriptor(self, descriptor);
 }
 
 PyObject* HasExtension(CMessage* self, PyObject* extension) {
@@ -1556,7 +1568,7 @@ int SetOwner(CMessage* self, const shared_ptr<Message>& new_owner) {
 Message* ReleaseMessage(CMessage* self,
                         const Descriptor* descriptor,
                         const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
-  MessageFactory* message_factory = GetFactoryForMessage(self);
+  MessageFactory* message_factory = GetFactoryForMessage(self)->message_factory;
   Message* released_message = self->message->GetReflection()->ReleaseMessage(
       self->message, field_descriptor, message_factory);
   // ReleaseMessage will return NULL which differs from
@@ -1624,12 +1636,19 @@ int InternalReleaseFieldByDescriptor(
 
 PyObject* ClearFieldByDescriptor(
     CMessage* self,
-    const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) {
-  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(descriptor, self->message)) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
+  if (!CheckFieldBelongsToMessage(field_descriptor, self->message)) {
     return NULL;
   }
   AssureWritable(self);
-  self->message->GetReflection()->ClearField(self->message, descriptor);
+  Message* message = self->message;
+  message->GetReflection()->ClearField(message, field_descriptor);
+  if (field_descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM &&
+      !message->GetReflection()->SupportsUnknownEnumValues()) {
+    UnknownFieldSet* unknown_field_set =
+        message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(message);
+    unknown_field_set->DeleteByNumber(field_descriptor->number());
+  }
   Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -1665,27 +1684,17 @@ PyObject* ClearField(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg) {
     arg = arg_in_oneof.get();
   }
 
-  PyObject* composite_field = self->composite_fields ?
-      PyDict_GetItem(self->composite_fields, arg) : NULL;
-
-  // Only release the field if there's a possibility that there are
-  // references to it.
-  if (composite_field != NULL) {
-    if (InternalReleaseFieldByDescriptor(self, field_descriptor,
-                                         composite_field) < 0) {
-      return NULL;
+  // Release the field if it exists in the dict of composite fields.
+  if (self->composite_fields) {
+    PyObject* value = PyDict_GetItem(self->composite_fields, arg);
+    if (value != NULL) {
+      if (InternalReleaseFieldByDescriptor(self, field_descriptor, value) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+      }
+      PyDict_DelItem(self->composite_fields, arg);
     }
-    PyDict_DelItem(self->composite_fields, arg);
-  }
-  message->GetReflection()->ClearField(message, field_descriptor);
-  if (field_descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM &&
-      !message->GetReflection()->SupportsUnknownEnumValues()) {
-    UnknownFieldSet* unknown_field_set =
-        message->GetReflection()->MutableUnknownFields(message);
-    unknown_field_set->DeleteByNumber(field_descriptor->number());
   }
-
-  Py_RETURN_NONE;
+  return ClearFieldByDescriptor(self, field_descriptor);
 }
 
 PyObject* Clear(CMessage* self) {
@@ -1927,8 +1936,8 @@ static PyObject* MergeFromString(CMessage* self, PyObject* arg) {
   if (allow_oversize_protos) {
     input.SetTotalBytesLimit(INT_MAX, INT_MAX);
   }
-  PyDescriptorPool* pool = GetDescriptorPoolForMessage(self);
-  input.SetExtensionRegistry(pool->pool, pool->message_factory);
+  PyMessageFactory* factory = GetFactoryForMessage(self);
+  input.SetExtensionRegistry(factory->pool->pool, factory->message_factory);
   bool success = self->message->MergePartialFromCodedStream(&input);
   if (success) {
     return PyInt_FromLong(input.CurrentPosition());
@@ -2108,8 +2117,8 @@ static PyObject* ListFields(CMessage* self) {
       // is no message class and we cannot retrieve the value.
       // TODO(amauryfa): consider building the class on the fly!
       if (fields[i]->message_type() != NULL &&
-          cdescriptor_pool::GetMessageClass(
-              GetDescriptorPoolForMessage(self),
+          message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+              GetFactoryForMessage(self),
               fields[i]->message_type()) == NULL) {
         PyErr_Clear();
         continue;
@@ -2306,12 +2315,12 @@ PyObject* InternalGetScalar(const Message* message,
 PyObject* InternalGetSubMessage(
     CMessage* self, const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor) {
   const Reflection* reflection = self->message->GetReflection();
-  PyDescriptorPool* pool = GetDescriptorPoolForMessage(self);
+  PyMessageFactory* factory = GetFactoryForMessage(self);
   const Message& sub_message = reflection->GetMessage(
-      *self->message, field_descriptor, pool->message_factory);
+      *self->message, field_descriptor, factory->message_factory);
 
-  CMessageClass* message_class = cdescriptor_pool::GetMessageClass(
-      pool, field_descriptor->message_type());
+  CMessageClass* message_class = message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+      factory, field_descriptor->message_type());
   if (message_class == NULL) {
     return NULL;
   }
@@ -2656,8 +2665,8 @@ PyObject* GetAttr(CMessage* self, PyObject* name) {
     const Descriptor* entry_type = field_descriptor->message_type();
     const FieldDescriptor* value_type = entry_type->FindFieldByName("value");
     if (value_type->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
-      CMessageClass* value_class = cdescriptor_pool::GetMessageClass(
-          GetDescriptorPoolForMessage(self), value_type->message_type());
+      CMessageClass* value_class = message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+          GetFactoryForMessage(self), value_type->message_type());
       if (value_class == NULL) {
         return NULL;
       }
@@ -2679,8 +2688,8 @@ PyObject* GetAttr(CMessage* self, PyObject* name) {
   if (field_descriptor->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED) {
     PyObject* py_container = NULL;
     if (field_descriptor->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
-      CMessageClass* message_class = cdescriptor_pool::GetMessageClass(
-          GetDescriptorPoolForMessage(self), field_descriptor->message_type());
+      CMessageClass* message_class = message_factory::GetMessageClass(
+          GetFactoryForMessage(self), field_descriptor->message_type());
       if (message_class == NULL) {
         return NULL;
       }
@@ -2775,7 +2784,7 @@ PyTypeObject CMessage_Type = {
   0,                                   //  tp_traverse
   0,                                   //  tp_clear
   (richcmpfunc)cmessage::RichCompare,  //  tp_richcompare
-  0,                                   //  tp_weaklistoffset
+  offsetof(CMessage, weakreflist),     //  tp_weaklistoffset
   0,                                   //  tp_iter
   0,                                   //  tp_iternext
   cmessage::Methods,                   //  tp_methods
@@ -2863,6 +2872,11 @@ bool InitProto2MessageModule(PyObject *m) {
     return false;
   }
 
+  // Initialize types and globals in message_factory.cc
+  if (!InitMessageFactory()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   // Initialize constants defined in this file.
   InitGlobals();
 
@@ -2944,69 +2958,15 @@ bool InitProto2MessageModule(PyObject *m) {
   }
 
   // Initialize Map container types.
-  {
-    // ScalarMapContainer_Type derives from our MutableMapping type.
-    ScopedPyObjectPtr containers(PyImport_ImportModule(
-        "google.protobuf.internal.containers"));
-    if (containers == NULL) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    ScopedPyObjectPtr mutable_mapping(
-        PyObject_GetAttrString(containers.get(), "MutableMapping"));
-    if (mutable_mapping == NULL) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(mutable_mapping.get(), &PyType_Type)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    Py_INCREF(mutable_mapping.get());
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
-    PyObject* bases = PyTuple_New(1);
-    PyTuple_SET_ITEM(bases, 0, mutable_mapping.get());
-
-    ScalarMapContainer_Type = 
-        PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&ScalarMapContainer_Type_spec, bases);
-    PyModule_AddObject(m, "ScalarMapContainer", ScalarMapContainer_Type);
-#else
-    ScalarMapContainer_Type.tp_base =
-        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(mutable_mapping.get());
-
-    if (PyType_Ready(&ScalarMapContainer_Type) < 0) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    PyModule_AddObject(m, "ScalarMapContainer",
-                       reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&ScalarMapContainer_Type));
-#endif
-
-    if (PyType_Ready(&MapIterator_Type) < 0) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    PyModule_AddObject(m, "MapIterator",
-                       reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&MapIterator_Type));
-
-
-#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
-    MessageMapContainer_Type = 
-        PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&MessageMapContainer_Type_spec, bases);
-    PyModule_AddObject(m, "MessageMapContainer", MessageMapContainer_Type);
-#else
-    Py_INCREF(mutable_mapping.get());
-    MessageMapContainer_Type.tp_base =
-        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(mutable_mapping.get());
-
-    if (PyType_Ready(&MessageMapContainer_Type) < 0) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    PyModule_AddObject(m, "MessageMapContainer",
-                       reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&MessageMapContainer_Type));
-#endif
+  if (!InitMapContainers()) {
+    return false;
   }
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "ScalarMapContainer",
+                     reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(ScalarMapContainer_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "MessageMapContainer",
+                     reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(MessageMapContainer_Type));
+  PyModule_AddObject(m, "MapIterator",
+                     reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&MapIterator_Type));
 
   if (PyType_Ready(&ExtensionDict_Type) < 0) {
     return false;
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.h b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.h
index c44a2ae2..1550724c 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.h
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message.h
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ using internal::shared_ptr;
 namespace python {
 
 struct ExtensionDict;
-struct PyDescriptorPool;
+struct PyMessageFactory;
 
 typedef struct CMessage {
   PyObject_HEAD;
@@ -112,6 +112,9 @@ typedef struct CMessage {
   // Similar to composite_fields, acting as a cache, but also contains the
   // required extension dict logic.
   ExtensionDict* extensions;
+
+  // Implements the "weakref" protocol for this object.
+  PyObject* weakreflist;
 } CMessage;
 
 extern PyTypeObject CMessage_Type;
@@ -132,14 +135,11 @@ struct CMessageClass {
   // Owned reference, used to keep the pointer above alive.
   PyObject* py_message_descriptor;
 
-  // The Python DescriptorPool used to create the class. It is needed to resolve
+  // The Python MessageFactory used to create the class. It is needed to resolve
   // fields descriptors, including extensions fields; its C++ MessageFactory is
   // used to instantiate submessages.
-  // This can be different from DESCRIPTOR.file.pool, in the case of a custom
-  // DescriptorPool which defines new extensions.
-  // We own the reference, because it's important to keep the descriptors and
-  // factory alive.
-  PyDescriptorPool* py_descriptor_pool;
+  // We own the reference, because it's important to keep the factory alive.
+  PyMessageFactory* py_message_factory;
 
   PyObject* AsPyObject() {
     return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(this);
@@ -154,14 +154,6 @@ namespace cmessage {
 // The caller must fill self->message, self->owner and eventually self->parent.
 CMessage* NewEmptyMessage(CMessageClass* type);
 
-// Release a submessage from its proto tree, making it a new top-level messgae.
-// A new message will be created if this is a read-only default instance.
-//
-// Corresponds to reflection api method ReleaseMessage.
-int ReleaseSubMessage(CMessage* self,
-                      const FieldDescriptor* field_descriptor,
-                      CMessage* child_cmessage);
-
 // Retrieves the C++ descriptor of a Python Extension descriptor.
 // On error, return NULL with an exception set.
 const FieldDescriptor* GetExtensionDescriptor(PyObject* extension);
@@ -262,14 +254,13 @@ int SetOwner(CMessage* self, const shared_ptr<Message>& new_owner);
 
 int AssureWritable(CMessage* self);
 
-// Returns the "best" DescriptorPool for the given message.
-// This is often equivalent to message.DESCRIPTOR.pool, but not always, when
-// the message class was created from a MessageFactory using a custom pool which
-// uses the generated pool as an underlay.
+// Returns the message factory for the given message.
+// This is equivalent to message.MESSAGE_FACTORY
 //
-// The returned pool is suitable for finding fields and building submessages,
+// The returned factory is suitable for finding fields and building submessages,
 // even in the case of extensions.
-PyDescriptorPool* GetDescriptorPoolForMessage(CMessage* message);
+// Returns a *borrowed* reference, and never fails because we pass a CMessage.
+PyMessageFactory* GetFactoryForMessage(CMessage* message);
 
 PyObject* SetAllowOversizeProtos(PyObject* m, PyObject* arg);
 
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ad89022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/scoped_pyobject_ptr.h>
+
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
+  #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03030000
+    #error "Python 3.0 - 3.2 are not supported."
+  #endif
+  #define PyString_AsStringAndSize(ob, charpp, sizep) \
+    (PyUnicode_Check(ob)? \
+       ((*(charpp) = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(ob, (sizep))) == NULL? -1: 0): \
+       PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(ob, (charpp), (sizep)))
+#endif
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace python {
+
+namespace message_factory {
+
+PyMessageFactory* NewMessageFactory(PyTypeObject* type, PyDescriptorPool* pool) {
+  PyMessageFactory* factory = reinterpret_cast<PyMessageFactory*>(
+      PyType_GenericAlloc(type, 0));
+  if (factory == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  DynamicMessageFactory* message_factory = new DynamicMessageFactory();
+  // This option might be the default some day.
+  message_factory->SetDelegateToGeneratedFactory(true);
+  factory->message_factory = message_factory;
+
+  factory->pool = pool;
+  // TODO(amauryfa): When the MessageFactory is not created from the
+  // DescriptorPool this reference should be owned, not borrowed.
+  // Py_INCREF(pool);
+
+  factory->classes_by_descriptor = new PyMessageFactory::ClassesByMessageMap();
+
+  return factory;
+}
+
+PyObject* New(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
+  static char* kwlist[] = {"pool", 0};
+  PyObject* pool = NULL;
+  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|O", kwlist, &pool)) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  ScopedPyObjectPtr owned_pool;
+  if (pool == NULL || pool == Py_None) {
+    owned_pool.reset(PyObject_CallFunction(
+        reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&PyDescriptorPool_Type), NULL));
+    if (owned_pool == NULL) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    pool = owned_pool.get();
+  } else {
+    if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(pool, &PyDescriptorPool_Type)) {
+      PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "Expected a DescriptorPool, got %s",
+                   pool->ob_type->tp_name);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(
+      NewMessageFactory(type, reinterpret_cast<PyDescriptorPool*>(pool)));
+}
+
+static void Dealloc(PyMessageFactory* self) {
+  // TODO(amauryfa): When the MessageFactory is not created from the
+  // DescriptorPool this reference should be owned, not borrowed.
+  // Py_CLEAR(self->pool);
+  typedef PyMessageFactory::ClassesByMessageMap::iterator iterator;
+  for (iterator it = self->classes_by_descriptor->begin();
+       it != self->classes_by_descriptor->end(); ++it) {
+    Py_DECREF(it->second);
+  }
+  delete self->classes_by_descriptor;
+  delete self->message_factory;
+  Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self));
+}
+
+// Add a message class to our database.
+int RegisterMessageClass(PyMessageFactory* self,
+                         const Descriptor* message_descriptor,
+                         CMessageClass* message_class) {
+  Py_INCREF(message_class);
+  typedef PyMessageFactory::ClassesByMessageMap::iterator iterator;
+  std::pair<iterator, bool> ret = self->classes_by_descriptor->insert(
+      std::make_pair(message_descriptor, message_class));
+  if (!ret.second) {
+    // Update case: DECREF the previous value.
+    Py_DECREF(ret.first->second);
+    ret.first->second = message_class;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Retrieve the message class added to our database.
+CMessageClass* GetMessageClass(PyMessageFactory* self,
+                               const Descriptor* message_descriptor) {
+  typedef PyMessageFactory::ClassesByMessageMap::iterator iterator;
+  iterator ret = self->classes_by_descriptor->find(message_descriptor);
+  if (ret == self->classes_by_descriptor->end()) {
+    PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "No message class registered for '%s'",
+                 message_descriptor->full_name().c_str());
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    return ret->second;
+  }
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef Methods[] = {
+    {NULL}};
+
+static PyObject* GetPool(PyMessageFactory* self, void* closure) {
+  Py_INCREF(self->pool);
+  return reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(self->pool);
+}
+
+static PyGetSetDef Getters[] = {
+    {"pool", (getter)GetPool, NULL, "DescriptorPool"},
+    {NULL}
+};
+
+}  // namespace message_factory
+
+PyTypeObject PyMessageFactory_Type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0) FULL_MODULE_NAME
+    ".MessageFactory",                        // tp_name
+    sizeof(PyMessageFactory),                 // tp_basicsize
+    0,                                        // tp_itemsize
+    (destructor)message_factory::Dealloc,     // tp_dealloc
+    0,                                        // tp_print
+    0,                                        // tp_getattr
+    0,                                        // tp_setattr
+    0,                                        // tp_compare
+    0,                                        // tp_repr
+    0,                                        // tp_as_number
+    0,                                        // tp_as_sequence
+    0,                                        // tp_as_mapping
+    0,                                        // tp_hash
+    0,                                        // tp_call
+    0,                                        // tp_str
+    0,                                        // tp_getattro
+    0,                                        // tp_setattro
+    0,                                        // tp_as_buffer
+    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,  // tp_flags
+    "A static Message Factory",               // tp_doc
+    0,                                        // tp_traverse
+    0,                                        // tp_clear
+    0,                                        // tp_richcompare
+    0,                                        // tp_weaklistoffset
+    0,                                        // tp_iter
+    0,                                        // tp_iternext
+    message_factory::Methods,                 // tp_methods
+    0,                                        // tp_members
+    message_factory::Getters,                 // tp_getset
+    0,                                        // tp_base
+    0,                                        // tp_dict
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_get
+    0,                                        // tp_descr_set
+    0,                                        // tp_dictoffset
+    0,                                        // tp_init
+    0,                                        // tp_alloc
+    message_factory::New,                     // tp_new
+    PyObject_Del,                             // tp_free
+};
+
+bool InitMessageFactory() {
+  if (PyType_Ready(&PyMessageFactory_Type) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07cccbfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/message_factory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_MESSAGE_FACTORY_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_MESSAGE_FACTORY_H__
+
+#include <Python.h>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/hash.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/pyext/descriptor_pool.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+class MessageFactory;
+
+namespace python {
+
+// The (meta) type of all Messages classes.
+struct CMessageClass;
+
+struct PyMessageFactory {
+  PyObject_HEAD
+
+  // DynamicMessageFactory used to create C++ instances of messages.
+  // This object cache the descriptors that were used, so the DescriptorPool
+  // needs to get rid of it before it can delete itself.
+  //
+  // Note: A C++ MessageFactory is different from the PyMessageFactory.
+  // The C++ one creates messages, when the Python one creates classes.
+  MessageFactory* message_factory;
+
+  // borrowed reference to a Python DescriptorPool.
+  // TODO(amauryfa): invert the dependency: the MessageFactory owns the
+  // DescriptorPool, not the opposite.
+  PyDescriptorPool* pool;
+
+  // Make our own mapping to retrieve Python classes from C++ descriptors.
+  //
+  // Descriptor pointers stored here are owned by the DescriptorPool above.
+  // Python references to classes are owned by this PyDescriptorPool.
+  typedef hash_map<const Descriptor*, CMessageClass*> ClassesByMessageMap;
+  ClassesByMessageMap* classes_by_descriptor;
+};
+
+extern PyTypeObject PyMessageFactory_Type;
+
+namespace message_factory {
+
+// Creates a new MessageFactory instance.
+PyMessageFactory* NewMessageFactory(PyTypeObject* type, PyDescriptorPool* pool);
+
+// Registers a new Python class for the given message descriptor.
+// On error, returns -1 with a Python exception set.
+int RegisterMessageClass(PyMessageFactory* self,
+                         const Descriptor* message_descriptor,
+                         CMessageClass* message_class);
+
+// Retrieves the Python class registered with the given message descriptor.
+//
+// Returns a *borrowed* reference if found, otherwise returns NULL with an
+// exception set.
+CMessageClass* GetMessageClass(PyMessageFactory* self,
+                               const Descriptor* message_descriptor);
+
+}  // namespace message_factory
+
+// Initialize objects used by this module.
+// On error, returns false with a Python exception set.
+bool InitMessageFactory();
+
+}  // namespace python
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_PYTHON_CPP_MESSAGE_FACTORY_H__
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.cc b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.cc
index bb2f6db2..43a2bc12 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.cc
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/pyext/repeated_composite_container.cc
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ static int SortPythonMessages(RepeatedCompositeContainer* self,
   ScopedPyObjectPtr m(PyObject_GetAttrString(self->child_messages, "sort"));
   if (m == NULL)
     return -1;
-  if (PyObject_Call(m.get(), args, kwds) == NULL)
+  if (ScopedPyObjectPtr(PyObject_Call(m.get(), args, kwds)) == NULL)
     return -1;
   if (self->message != NULL) {
     ReorderAttached(self);
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/symbol_database.py b/python/google/protobuf/symbol_database.py
index aa466abd..ecbef211 100644
--- a/python/google/protobuf/symbol_database.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/symbol_database.py
@@ -129,7 +129,8 @@ class SymbolDatabase(message_factory.MessageFactory):
 
     Only messages already created and registered will be returned; (this is the
     case for imported _pb2 modules)
-    But unlike MessageFactory, this version also returns nested messages.
+    But unlike MessageFactory, this version also returns already defined nested
+    messages, but does not register any message extensions.
 
     Args:
       files: The file names to extract messages from.
diff --git a/python/google/protobuf/text_format.py b/python/google/protobuf/text_format.py
index 06b79d77..90f6ce42 100755
--- a/python/google/protobuf/text_format.py
+++ b/python/google/protobuf/text_format.py
@@ -228,13 +228,13 @@ def _BuildMessageFromTypeName(type_name, descriptor_pool):
     wasn't found matching type_name.
   """
   # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
-  from google.protobuf import message_factory
-  factory = message_factory.MessageFactory(descriptor_pool)
+  from google.protobuf import symbol_database
+  database = symbol_database.Default()
   try:
     message_descriptor = descriptor_pool.FindMessageTypeByName(type_name)
   except KeyError:
     return None
-  message_type = factory.GetPrototype(message_descriptor)
+  message_type = database.GetPrototype(message_descriptor)
   return message_type()
 
 
@@ -317,8 +317,7 @@ class _Printer(object):
           # of this file to work around.
           #
           # TODO(haberman): refactor and optimize if this becomes an issue.
-          entry_submsg = field.message_type._concrete_class(key=key,
-                                                            value=value[key])
+          entry_submsg = value.GetEntryClass()(key=key, value=value[key])
           self.PrintField(field, entry_submsg)
       elif field.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptor.LABEL_REPEATED:
         for element in value:
@@ -749,8 +748,7 @@ class _Parser(object):
       if field.is_extension:
         sub_message = message.Extensions[field].add()
       elif is_map_entry:
-        # pylint: disable=protected-access
-        sub_message = field.message_type._concrete_class()
+        sub_message = getattr(message, field.name).GetEntryClass()()
       else:
         sub_message = getattr(message, field.name).add()
     else:
@@ -1448,9 +1446,9 @@ def ParseBool(text):
   Raises:
     ValueError: If text is not a valid boolean.
   """
-  if text in ('true', 't', '1'):
+  if text in ('true', 't', '1', 'True'):
     return True
-  elif text in ('false', 'f', '0'):
+  elif text in ('false', 'f', '0', 'False'):
     return False
   else:
     raise ValueError('Expected "true" or "false".')
diff --git a/src/Makefile.am b/src/Makefile.am
index c8b85447..aa0e7902 100644
--- a/src/Makefile.am
+++ b/src/Makefile.am
@@ -526,8 +526,10 @@ protoc_inputs =                                                   \
   google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.proto         \
   google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto               \
   google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.proto             \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.proto             \
   google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto             \
   google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.proto           \
   google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.proto                   \
   google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.proto         \
   google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_test_large_enum_value.proto
@@ -643,10 +645,14 @@ protoc_outputs =                                                  \
   google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.pb.h                \
   google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.pb.cc             \
   google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.pb.h              \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.pb.cc             \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.pb.h              \
   google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.pb.cc             \
   google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.pb.h              \
   google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.pb.cc \
   google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.pb.h  \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.pb.cc           \
+  google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.pb.h            \
   google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.pb.cc                   \
   google/protobuf/util/json_format_proto3.pb.h                    \
   google/protobuf/util/message_differencer_unittest.pb.cc         \
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.cc
index 80e96528..fa9d18a2 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.cc
@@ -44,20 +44,19 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto() {
   Any_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Any_descriptor_,
-      Any::default_instance_,
+      Any::internal_default_instance(),
       Any_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Any),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Any, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Any, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Any, _internal_metadata_));
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
-inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto);
 }
@@ -66,37 +65,49 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Any_descriptor_, &Any::default_instance());
+      Any_descriptor_, Any::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto() {
-  delete Any::default_instance_;
   delete Any_reflection_;
 }
 
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto() {
-  static bool already_here = false;
-  if (already_here) return;
-  already_here = true;
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_impl() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  Any::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  Any::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_impl);
+}
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_impl() {
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
     "\n\031google/protobuf/any.proto\022\017google.prot"
     "obuf\"&\n\003Any\022\020\n\010type_url\030\001 \001(\t\022\r\n\005value\030\002"
-    " \001(\014Br\n\023com.google.protobufB\010AnyProtoP\001Z"
-    "%github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/any\240\001"
-    "\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes"
-    "b\006proto3", 208);
+    " \001(\014Bo\n\023com.google.protobufB\010AnyProtoP\001Z"
+    "%github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/any\242\002"
+    "\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006p"
+    "roto3", 205);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/any.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
-  Any::default_instance_ = new Any();
-  Any::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto);
 }
 
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_impl);
+}
 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto {
   StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto() {
@@ -104,6 +115,16 @@ struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto {
   }
 } static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_;
 
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 void Any::PackFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& message) {
@@ -126,12 +147,12 @@ const int Any::kValueFieldNumber;
 
 Any::Any()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL), _any_metadata_(&type_url_, &value_) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Any)
 }
 
 void Any::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 Any::Any(const Any& from)
@@ -139,16 +160,14 @@ Any::Any(const Any& from)
     _internal_metadata_(NULL),
     _any_metadata_(&type_url_, &value_) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Any)
 }
 
 void Any::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 Any::~Any() {
@@ -159,8 +178,6 @@ Any::~Any() {
 void Any::SharedDtor() {
   type_url_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void Any::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -174,11 +191,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Any::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Any& Any::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Any* Any::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Any> Any::default_instance_;
 
 Any* Any::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   Any* n = new Any;
@@ -302,9 +319,9 @@ void Any::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Any::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Any::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Any)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional string type_url = 1;
   if (this->type_url().size() > 0) {
@@ -320,18 +337,17 @@ int Any::ByteSize() const {
         this->value());
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Any::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Any)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Any* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Any* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Any>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -339,15 +355,21 @@ void Any::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Any)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Any::MergeFrom(const Any& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Any)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Any::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Any& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.type_url().size() > 0) {
 
     type_url_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.type_url_);
@@ -369,7 +391,7 @@ void Any::CopyFrom(const Any& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Any)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Any::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -403,37 +425,37 @@ void Any::InternalSwap(Any* other) {
 void Any::clear_type_url() {
   type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- const ::std::string& Any::type_url() const {
+const ::std::string& Any::type_url() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
   return type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Any::set_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Any::set_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
   
   type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
 }
- void Any::set_type_url(const char* value) {
+void Any::set_type_url(const char* value) {
   
   type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
 }
- void Any::set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Any::set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
   
   type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
 }
- ::std::string* Any::mutable_type_url() {
+::std::string* Any::mutable_type_url() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
   return type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* Any::release_type_url() {
+::std::string* Any::release_type_url() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Any.type_url)
   
   return type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Any::set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url) {
+void Any::set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url) {
   if (type_url != NULL) {
     
   } else {
@@ -447,37 +469,37 @@ void Any::clear_type_url() {
 void Any::clear_value() {
   value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- const ::std::string& Any::value() const {
+const ::std::string& Any::value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Any.value)
   return value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Any::set_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Any::set_value(const ::std::string& value) {
   
   value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Any.value)
 }
- void Any::set_value(const char* value) {
+void Any::set_value(const char* value) {
   
   value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Any.value)
 }
- void Any::set_value(const void* value, size_t size) {
+void Any::set_value(const void* value, size_t size) {
   
   value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Any.value)
 }
- ::std::string* Any::mutable_value() {
+::std::string* Any::mutable_value() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Any.value)
   return value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* Any::release_value() {
+::std::string* Any::release_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Any.value)
   
   return value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Any::set_allocated_value(::std::string* value) {
+void Any::set_allocated_value(::std::string* value) {
   if (value != NULL) {
     
   } else {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.h
index 4ccdfb24..e4061bc7 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/any.pb.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ namespace protobuf {
 
 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
 void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
 
@@ -57,6 +58,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Any : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_in
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Any& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Any* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   // implements Any -----------------------------------------------
 
   void PackFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& message);
@@ -81,7 +86,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Any : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_in
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -97,6 +102,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Any : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_in
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Any* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Any& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -138,17 +144,17 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Any : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_in
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr type_url_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr value_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::AnyMetadata _any_metadata_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Any* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Any> default_instance_;
 };
 // ===================================================================
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/any.proto b/src/google/protobuf/any.proto
index 81dcf46c..9bd3f50a 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/any.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/any.proto
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/any";
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "AnyProto";
 option java_multiple_files = true;
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
 
 // `Any` contains an arbitrary serialized protocol buffer message along with a
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.cc
index d7fb644c..bd85bbdb 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.cc
@@ -55,14 +55,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
   Api_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Api_descriptor_,
-      Api::default_instance_,
+      Api::internal_default_instance(),
       Api_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Api),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Api, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Api, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Api, _internal_metadata_));
   Method_descriptor_ = file->message_type(1);
   static const int Method_offsets_[7] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Method, name_),
@@ -76,14 +75,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
   Method_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Method_descriptor_,
-      Method::default_instance_,
+      Method::internal_default_instance(),
       Method_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Method),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Method, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Method, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Method, _internal_metadata_));
   Mixin_descriptor_ = file->message_type(2);
   static const int Mixin_offsets_[2] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Mixin, name_),
@@ -92,20 +90,19 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
   Mixin_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Mixin_descriptor_,
-      Mixin::default_instance_,
+      Mixin::internal_default_instance(),
       Mixin_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Mixin),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Mixin, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Mixin, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Mixin, _internal_metadata_));
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
-inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto);
 }
@@ -114,33 +111,46 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Api_descriptor_, &Api::default_instance());
+      Api_descriptor_, Api::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Method_descriptor_, &Method::default_instance());
+      Method_descriptor_, Method::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Mixin_descriptor_, &Mixin::default_instance());
+      Mixin_descriptor_, Mixin::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
-  delete Api::default_instance_;
   delete Api_reflection_;
-  delete Method::default_instance_;
   delete Method_reflection_;
-  delete Mixin::default_instance_;
   delete Mixin_reflection_;
 }
 
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
-  static bool already_here = false;
-  if (already_here) return;
-  already_here = true;
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_impl() {
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 
-  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
-  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  Api::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  Method::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  Mixin::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  Api::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Method::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Mixin::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_impl);
+}
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_impl() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
     "\n\031google/protobuf/api.proto\022\017google.prot"
     "obuf\032$google/protobuf/source_context.pro"
@@ -157,20 +167,21 @@ void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
     "esponse_streaming\030\005 \001(\010\022(\n\007options\030\006 \003(\013"
     "2\027.google.protobuf.Option\022\'\n\006syntax\030\007 \001("
     "\0162\027.google.protobuf.Syntax\"#\n\005Mixin\022\014\n\004n"
-    "ame\030\001 \001(\t\022\014\n\004root\030\002 \001(\tBK\n\023com.google.pr"
-    "otobufB\010ApiProtoP\001\240\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Pro"
-    "tobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 708);
+    "ame\030\001 \001(\t\022\014\n\004root\030\002 \001(\tBH\n\023com.google.pr"
+    "otobufB\010ApiProtoP\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protob"
+    "uf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 705);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/api.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
-  Api::default_instance_ = new Api();
-  Method::default_instance_ = new Method();
-  Mixin::default_instance_ = new Mixin();
-  Api::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  Method::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  Mixin::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto);
 }
 
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_impl);
+}
 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto {
   StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto() {
@@ -178,6 +189,16 @@ struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto {
   }
 } static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_;
 
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
@@ -192,31 +213,30 @@ const int Api::kSyntaxFieldNumber;
 
 Api::Api()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Api)
 }
 
 void Api::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
-  source_context_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::SourceContext*>(&::google::protobuf::SourceContext::default_instance());
+  source_context_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::SourceContext*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::SourceContext::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 Api::Api(const Api& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Api)
 }
 
 void Api::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   version_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   source_context_ = NULL;
   syntax_ = 0;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 Api::~Api() {
@@ -227,9 +247,7 @@ Api::~Api() {
 void Api::SharedDtor() {
   name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   version_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-    delete source_context_;
-  }
+  delete source_context_;
 }
 
 void Api::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -243,11 +261,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Api::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Api& Api::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Api* Api::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Api> Api::default_instance_;
 
 Api* Api::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   Api* n = new Api;
@@ -532,9 +550,9 @@ void Api::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Api::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Api::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Api)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional string name = 1;
   if (this->name().size() > 0) {
@@ -564,41 +582,49 @@ int Api::ByteSize() const {
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.Method methods = 2;
-  total_size += 1 * this->methods_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->methods_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->methods(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->methods_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->methods(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
-  total_size += 1 * this->options_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->options_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->options(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->options_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->options(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.Mixin mixins = 6;
-  total_size += 1 * this->mixins_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->mixins_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->mixins(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->mixins_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->mixins(i));
+    }
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Api::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Api)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Api* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Api* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Api>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -606,15 +632,21 @@ void Api::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Api)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Api::MergeFrom(const Api& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Api)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Api::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Api& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   methods_.MergeFrom(from.methods_);
   options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
   mixins_.MergeFrom(from.mixins_);
@@ -645,7 +677,7 @@ void Api::CopyFrom(const Api& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Api)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Api::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -684,37 +716,37 @@ void Api::InternalSwap(Api* other) {
 void Api::clear_name() {
   name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- const ::std::string& Api::name() const {
+const ::std::string& Api::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.name)
   return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Api::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Api::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Api.name)
 }
- void Api::set_name(const char* value) {
+void Api::set_name(const char* value) {
   
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Api.name)
 }
- void Api::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Api::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Api.name)
 }
- ::std::string* Api::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* Api::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.name)
   return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* Api::release_name() {
+::std::string* Api::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Api.name)
   
   return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Api::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void Api::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     
   } else {
@@ -788,37 +820,37 @@ Api::options() const {
 void Api::clear_version() {
   version_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- const ::std::string& Api::version() const {
+const ::std::string& Api::version() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.version)
   return version_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Api::set_version(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Api::set_version(const ::std::string& value) {
   
   version_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Api.version)
 }
- void Api::set_version(const char* value) {
+void Api::set_version(const char* value) {
   
   version_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Api.version)
 }
- void Api::set_version(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Api::set_version(const char* value, size_t size) {
   
   version_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Api.version)
 }
- ::std::string* Api::mutable_version() {
+::std::string* Api::mutable_version() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Api.version)
   return version_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* Api::release_version() {
+::std::string* Api::release_version() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Api.version)
   
   return version_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Api::set_allocated_version(::std::string* version) {
+void Api::set_allocated_version(::std::string* version) {
   if (version != NULL) {
     
   } else {
@@ -830,7 +862,7 @@ void Api::clear_version() {
 
 // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
 bool Api::has_source_context() const {
-  return !_is_default_instance_ && source_context_ != NULL;
+  return this != internal_default_instance() && source_context_ != NULL;
 }
 void Api::clear_source_context() {
   if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
@@ -838,7 +870,8 @@ void Api::clear_source_context() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Api::source_context() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.source_context)
-  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_ : *default_instance_->source_context_;
+  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::SourceContext::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Api::mutable_source_context() {
   
@@ -900,11 +933,11 @@ Api::mixins() const {
 void Api::clear_syntax() {
   syntax_ = 0;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::Syntax Api::syntax() const {
+::google::protobuf::Syntax Api::syntax() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.syntax)
   return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Syntax >(syntax_);
 }
- void Api::set_syntax(::google::protobuf::Syntax value) {
+void Api::set_syntax(::google::protobuf::Syntax value) {
   
   syntax_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Api.syntax)
@@ -926,32 +959,29 @@ const int Method::kSyntaxFieldNumber;
 
 Method::Method()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Method)
 }
 
 void Method::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 Method::Method(const Method& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Method)
 }
 
 void Method::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   request_type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  request_streaming_ = false;
   response_type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  response_streaming_ = false;
-  syntax_ = 0;
+  ::memset(&request_streaming_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&syntax_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&request_streaming_) + sizeof(syntax_));
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 Method::~Method() {
@@ -963,8 +993,6 @@ void Method::SharedDtor() {
   name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   request_type_url_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   response_type_url_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void Method::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -978,11 +1006,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Method::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Method& Method::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Method* Method::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Method> Method::default_instance_;
 
 Method* Method::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   Method* n = new Method;
@@ -1068,10 +1096,10 @@ bool Method::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 3: {
         if (tag == 24) {
          parse_request_streaming:
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &request_streaming_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -1100,10 +1128,10 @@ bool Method::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 5: {
         if (tag == 40) {
          parse_response_streaming:
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &response_streaming_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -1287,9 +1315,9 @@ void Method::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Method::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Method::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Method)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional string name = 1;
   if (this->name().size() > 0) {
@@ -1329,25 +1357,27 @@ int Method::ByteSize() const {
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 6;
-  total_size += 1 * this->options_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->options_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->options(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->options_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->options(i));
+    }
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Method::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Method)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Method* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Method* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Method>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -1355,15 +1385,21 @@ void Method::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Method)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Method::MergeFrom(const Method& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Method)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Method::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Method& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
   if (from.name().size() > 0) {
 
@@ -1399,7 +1435,7 @@ void Method::CopyFrom(const Method& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Method)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Method::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1438,37 +1474,37 @@ void Method::InternalSwap(Method* other) {
 void Method::clear_name() {
   name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- const ::std::string& Method::name() const {
+const ::std::string& Method::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.name)
   return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Method::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Method::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.name)
 }
- void Method::set_name(const char* value) {
+void Method::set_name(const char* value) {
   
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Method.name)
 }
- void Method::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Method::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Method.name)
 }
- ::std::string* Method::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* Method::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.name)
   return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* Method::release_name() {
+::std::string* Method::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Method.name)
   
   return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Method::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void Method::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     
   } else {
@@ -1482,37 +1518,37 @@ void Method::clear_name() {
 void Method::clear_request_type_url() {
   request_type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- const ::std::string& Method::request_type_url() const {
+const ::std::string& Method::request_type_url() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
   return request_type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Method::set_request_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Method::set_request_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
   
   request_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
 }
- void Method::set_request_type_url(const char* value) {
+void Method::set_request_type_url(const char* value) {
   
   request_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
 }
- void Method::set_request_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Method::set_request_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
   
   request_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
 }
- ::std::string* Method::mutable_request_type_url() {
+::std::string* Method::mutable_request_type_url() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
   return request_type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* Method::release_request_type_url() {
+::std::string* Method::release_request_type_url() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Method.request_type_url)
   
   return request_type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Method::set_allocated_request_type_url(::std::string* request_type_url) {
+void Method::set_allocated_request_type_url(::std::string* request_type_url) {
   if (request_type_url != NULL) {
     
   } else {
@@ -1526,11 +1562,11 @@ void Method::clear_request_type_url() {
 void Method::clear_request_streaming() {
   request_streaming_ = false;
 }
- bool Method::request_streaming() const {
+bool Method::request_streaming() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.request_streaming)
   return request_streaming_;
 }
- void Method::set_request_streaming(bool value) {
+void Method::set_request_streaming(bool value) {
   
   request_streaming_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.request_streaming)
@@ -1540,37 +1576,37 @@ void Method::clear_request_streaming() {
 void Method::clear_response_type_url() {
   response_type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- const ::std::string& Method::response_type_url() const {
+const ::std::string& Method::response_type_url() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
   return response_type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Method::set_response_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Method::set_response_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
   
   response_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
 }
- void Method::set_response_type_url(const char* value) {
+void Method::set_response_type_url(const char* value) {
   
   response_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
 }
- void Method::set_response_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Method::set_response_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
   
   response_type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
 }
- ::std::string* Method::mutable_response_type_url() {
+::std::string* Method::mutable_response_type_url() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
   return response_type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* Method::release_response_type_url() {
+::std::string* Method::release_response_type_url() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Method.response_type_url)
   
   return response_type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Method::set_allocated_response_type_url(::std::string* response_type_url) {
+void Method::set_allocated_response_type_url(::std::string* response_type_url) {
   if (response_type_url != NULL) {
     
   } else {
@@ -1584,11 +1620,11 @@ void Method::clear_response_type_url() {
 void Method::clear_response_streaming() {
   response_streaming_ = false;
 }
- bool Method::response_streaming() const {
+bool Method::response_streaming() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.response_streaming)
   return response_streaming_;
 }
- void Method::set_response_streaming(bool value) {
+void Method::set_response_streaming(bool value) {
   
   response_streaming_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.response_streaming)
@@ -1628,11 +1664,11 @@ Method::options() const {
 void Method::clear_syntax() {
   syntax_ = 0;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::Syntax Method::syntax() const {
+::google::protobuf::Syntax Method::syntax() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Method.syntax)
   return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Syntax >(syntax_);
 }
- void Method::set_syntax(::google::protobuf::Syntax value) {
+void Method::set_syntax(::google::protobuf::Syntax value) {
   
   syntax_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Method.syntax)
@@ -1649,28 +1685,26 @@ const int Mixin::kRootFieldNumber;
 
 Mixin::Mixin()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Mixin)
 }
 
 void Mixin::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 Mixin::Mixin(const Mixin& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Mixin)
 }
 
 void Mixin::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   root_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 Mixin::~Mixin() {
@@ -1681,8 +1715,6 @@ Mixin::~Mixin() {
 void Mixin::SharedDtor() {
   name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   root_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void Mixin::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -1696,11 +1728,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Mixin::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Mixin& Mixin::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Mixin* Mixin::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Mixin> Mixin::default_instance_;
 
 Mixin* Mixin::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   Mixin* n = new Mixin;
@@ -1836,9 +1868,9 @@ void Mixin::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Mixin::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Mixin::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Mixin)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional string name = 1;
   if (this->name().size() > 0) {
@@ -1854,18 +1886,17 @@ int Mixin::ByteSize() const {
         this->root());
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Mixin::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Mixin)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Mixin* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Mixin* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Mixin>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -1873,15 +1904,21 @@ void Mixin::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Mixin)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Mixin::MergeFrom(const Mixin& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Mixin)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Mixin::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Mixin& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.name().size() > 0) {
 
     name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
@@ -1903,7 +1940,7 @@ void Mixin::CopyFrom(const Mixin& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Mixin)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Mixin::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1937,37 +1974,37 @@ void Mixin::InternalSwap(Mixin* other) {
 void Mixin::clear_name() {
   name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- const ::std::string& Mixin::name() const {
+const ::std::string& Mixin::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
   return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Mixin::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Mixin::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
 }
- void Mixin::set_name(const char* value) {
+void Mixin::set_name(const char* value) {
   
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
 }
- void Mixin::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Mixin::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
 }
- ::std::string* Mixin::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* Mixin::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
   return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* Mixin::release_name() {
+::std::string* Mixin::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Mixin.name)
   
   return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Mixin::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void Mixin::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     
   } else {
@@ -1981,37 +2018,37 @@ void Mixin::clear_name() {
 void Mixin::clear_root() {
   root_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- const ::std::string& Mixin::root() const {
+const ::std::string& Mixin::root() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
   return root_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Mixin::set_root(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Mixin::set_root(const ::std::string& value) {
   
   root_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
 }
- void Mixin::set_root(const char* value) {
+void Mixin::set_root(const char* value) {
   
   root_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
 }
- void Mixin::set_root(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Mixin::set_root(const char* value, size_t size) {
   
   root_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
 }
- ::std::string* Mixin::mutable_root() {
+::std::string* Mixin::mutable_root() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
   return root_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* Mixin::release_root() {
+::std::string* Mixin::release_root() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Mixin.root)
   
   return root_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Mixin::set_allocated_root(::std::string* root) {
+void Mixin::set_allocated_root(::std::string* root) {
   if (root != NULL) {
     
   } else {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.h
index 917f888b..ac18055d 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/api.pb.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ namespace protobuf {
 
 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
 void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
 
@@ -60,6 +61,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Api : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_in
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Api& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Api* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(Api* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -74,7 +79,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Api : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_in
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -90,6 +95,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Api : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_in
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Api* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Api& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -182,21 +188,21 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Api : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_in
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Method > methods_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Mixin > mixins_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr version_;
   ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context_;
-  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Mixin > mixins_;
   int syntax_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Api* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Api> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -215,6 +221,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Method : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Method& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Method* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(Method* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -229,7 +239,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Method : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -245,6 +255,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Method : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Method* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Method& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -327,21 +338,21 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Method : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr request_type_url_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr response_type_url_;
   bool request_streaming_;
   bool response_streaming_;
   int syntax_;
-  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Method* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Method> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -360,6 +371,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Mixin : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Mixin& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Mixin* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(Mixin* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -374,7 +389,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Mixin : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -390,6 +405,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Mixin : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Mixin* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Mixin& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -431,16 +447,16 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Mixin : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr root_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fapi_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Mixin* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Mixin> default_instance_;
 };
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -600,7 +616,7 @@ inline void Api::set_allocated_version(::std::string* version) {
 
 // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
 inline bool Api::has_source_context() const {
-  return !_is_default_instance_ && source_context_ != NULL;
+  return this != internal_default_instance() && source_context_ != NULL;
 }
 inline void Api::clear_source_context() {
   if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
@@ -608,7 +624,8 @@ inline void Api::clear_source_context() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Api::source_context() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Api.source_context)
-  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_ : *default_instance_->source_context_;
+  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::SourceContext::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Api::mutable_source_context() {
   
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/api.proto b/src/google/protobuf/api.proto
index dbe87b8f..bbbe9833 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/api.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/api.proto
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "ApiProto";
 option java_multiple_files = true;
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
 
 // Api is a light-weight descriptor for a protocol buffer service.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/arena.cc b/src/google/protobuf/arena.cc
index 78e20946..aa4e587c 100755
--- a/src/google/protobuf/arena.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/arena.cc
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
 
 #include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+
 
 #ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER
 #include <sanitizer/asan_interface.h>
@@ -125,10 +128,9 @@ Arena::Block* Arena::NewBlock(void* me, Block* my_last_block, size_t n,
   } else {
     size = start_block_size;
   }
-  if (n > size - kHeaderSize) {
-    // TODO(sanjay): Check if n + kHeaderSize would overflow
-    size = kHeaderSize + n;
-  }
+  // Verify that n + kHeaderSize won't overflow.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_LE(n, std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() - kHeaderSize);
+  size = std::max(size, kHeaderSize + n);
 
   Block* b = reinterpret_cast<Block*>(options_.block_alloc(size));
   b->pos = kHeaderSize + n;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/arena.h b/src/google/protobuf/arena.h
index 0a5eacee..f05277ed 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/arena.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/arena.h
@@ -79,8 +79,12 @@ template<typename T> void arena_destruct_object(void* object) {
 template<typename T> void arena_delete_object(void* object) {
   delete reinterpret_cast<T*>(object);
 }
-inline void arena_free(void* object, size_t /* size */) {
-  free(object);
+inline void arena_free(void* object, size_t size) {
+#if defined(__GXX_DELETE_WITH_SIZE__) || defined(__cpp_sized_deallocation)
+  ::operator delete(object, size);
+#else
+  ::operator delete(object);
+#endif
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
@@ -144,7 +148,7 @@ struct ArenaOptions {
         max_block_size(kDefaultMaxBlockSize),
         initial_block(NULL),
         initial_block_size(0),
-        block_alloc(&malloc),
+        block_alloc(&::operator new),
         block_dealloc(&internal::arena_free),
         on_arena_init(NULL),
         on_arena_reset(NULL),
@@ -454,7 +458,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
 
   // Combines SpaceAllocated and SpaceUsed. Returns a pair of
   // <space_allocated, space_used>.
-  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE pair<uint64, uint64> SpaceAllocatedAndUsed() const;
+  GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE std::pair<uint64, uint64> SpaceAllocatedAndUsed() const;
 
   // Frees all storage allocated by this arena after calling destructors
   // registered with OwnDestructor() and freeing objects registered with Own().
@@ -608,6 +612,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Arena {
                    const T>(static_cast<const T*>(0))) == sizeof(char) ||
                 google::protobuf::internal::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value> {};
 
+ private:
   // CreateMessage<T> requires that T supports arenas, but this private method
   // works whether or not T supports arenas. These are not exposed to user code
   // as it can cause confusing API usages, and end up having double free in
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc
index 5f33e939..35d00463 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/arena_unittest.cc
@@ -151,8 +151,6 @@ class MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughEight {
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(MustBeConstructedWithOneThroughEight);
 };
 
-}  // namespace
-
 TEST(ArenaTest, ArenaConstructable) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(Arena::is_arena_constructable<TestAllTypes>::type::value);
   EXPECT_TRUE(Arena::is_arena_constructable<const TestAllTypes>::type::value);
@@ -893,6 +891,24 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, UnsafeArenaRelease) {
   delete s;
 }
 
+TEST(ArenaTest, OneofMerge) {
+  Arena arena;
+  TestAllTypes* message0 = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+  TestAllTypes* message1 = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
+
+  message0->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_oneof_string(new string("x"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message0->has_oneof_string());
+  message1->unsafe_arena_set_allocated_oneof_string(new string("y"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(message1->has_oneof_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("x", message0->oneof_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("y", message1->oneof_string());
+  message0->MergeFrom(*message1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("y", message0->oneof_string());
+  EXPECT_EQ("y", message1->oneof_string());
+  delete message0->unsafe_arena_release_oneof_string();
+  delete message1->unsafe_arena_release_oneof_string();
+}
+
 TEST(ArenaTest, ArenaOneofReflection) {
   Arena arena;
   TestAllTypes* message = Arena::CreateMessage<TestAllTypes>(&arena);
@@ -923,7 +939,6 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, ArenaOneofReflection) {
   delete submsg;
 }
 
-namespace {
 void TestSwapRepeatedField(Arena* arena1, Arena* arena2) {
   // Test "safe" (copying) semantics for direct Swap() on RepeatedPtrField
   // between arenas.
@@ -962,7 +977,6 @@ void TestSwapRepeatedField(Arena* arena1, Arena* arena2) {
     EXPECT_EQ(i, field2.Get(i).optional_int32());
   }
 }
-}  // namespace
 
 TEST(ArenaTest, SwapRepeatedField) {
   Arena arena;
@@ -1104,8 +1118,6 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, MutableMessageReflection) {
 #endif  // !GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_RTTI
 
 
-namespace {
-
 void FillArenaAwareFields(TestAllTypes* message) {
   string test_string = "hello world";
   message->set_optional_int32(42);
@@ -1124,8 +1136,6 @@ void FillArenaAwareFields(TestAllTypes* message) {
   message->mutable_optional_lazy_message()->set_bb(42);
 }
 
-}
-
 // Test: no allocations occur on heap while touching all supported field types.
 TEST(ArenaTest, NoHeapAllocationsTest) {
   // Allocate a large initial block to avoid mallocs during hooked test.
@@ -1196,9 +1206,7 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, RepeatedFieldWithNonPODType) {
 }
 
 // Align n to next multiple of 8
-namespace {
 uint64 Align8(uint64 n) { return (n + 7) & -8; }
-}  // namespace
 
 TEST(ArenaTest, SpaceAllocated_and_Used) {
   ArenaOptions options;
@@ -1249,6 +1257,22 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, Alignment) {
   }
 }
 
+TEST(ArenaTest, BlockSizeSmallerThanAllocation) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i <= 8; ++i) {
+    ::google::protobuf::ArenaOptions opt;
+    opt.start_block_size = opt.max_block_size = i;
+    ::google::protobuf::Arena arena(opt);
+
+    *::google::protobuf::Arena::Create<int64>(&arena) = 42;
+    EXPECT_GE(arena.SpaceAllocated(), 8);
+    EXPECT_EQ(8, arena.SpaceUsed());
+
+    *::google::protobuf::Arena::Create<int64>(&arena) = 42;
+    EXPECT_GE(arena.SpaceAllocated(), 16);
+    EXPECT_EQ(16, arena.SpaceUsed());
+  }
+}
+
 TEST(ArenaTest, GetArenaShouldReturnTheArenaForArenaAllocatedMessages) {
   ::google::protobuf::Arena arena;
   ArenaMessage* message = Arena::CreateMessage<ArenaMessage>(&arena);
@@ -1349,5 +1373,7 @@ TEST(ArenaTest, ArenaHooksSanity) {
   EXPECT_EQ(1, ArenaHooksTestUtil::num_destruct);
 }
 
+
+}  // namespace
 }  // namespace protobuf
 }  // namespace google
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.cc
index 473eb4e6..f6ff1e5d 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.cc
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
 
 namespace google {
@@ -43,6 +44,33 @@ namespace protobuf {
 namespace compiler {
 
 CodeGenerator::~CodeGenerator() {}
+
+bool CodeGenerator::GenerateAll(
+    const vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
+    const string& parameter,
+    GeneratorContext* generator_context,
+    string* error) const {
+  // Default implemenation is just to call the per file method, and prefix any
+  // error string with the file to provide context.
+  bool succeeded = true;
+  for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+    const FileDescriptor* file = files[i];
+    succeeded = Generate(file, parameter, generator_context, error);
+    if (!succeeded && error && error->empty()) {
+      *error = "Code generator returned false but provided no error "
+               "description.";
+    }
+    if (error && !error->empty()) {
+      *error = file->name() + ": " + *error;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (!succeeded) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return succeeded;
+}
+
 GeneratorContext::~GeneratorContext() {}
 
 io::ZeroCopyOutputStream*
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h
index b989f151..642bbfad 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h
@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGenerator {
   // Generates code for the given proto file, generating one or more files in
   // the given output directory.
   //
-  // A parameter to be passed to the generator can be specified on the
-  // command line.  This is intended to be used by Java and similar languages
-  // to specify which specific class from the proto file is to be generated,
-  // though it could have other uses as well.  It is empty if no parameter was
-  // given.
+  // A parameter to be passed to the generator can be specified on the command
+  // line. This is intended to be used to pass generator specific parameters.
+  // It is empty if no parameter was given. ParseGeneratorParameter (below),
+  // can be used to accept multiple parameters within the single parameter
+  // command line flag.
   //
   // Returns true if successful.  Otherwise, sets *error to a description of
   // the problem (e.g. "invalid parameter") and returns false.
@@ -79,18 +79,11 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGenerator {
                         GeneratorContext* generator_context,
                         string* error) const = 0;
 
-  // Generates code for all given proto files, generating one or more files in
-  // the given output directory.
-  //
-  // This method should be called instead of |Generate()| when
-  // |HasGenerateAll()| returns |true|. It is used to emulate legacy semantics
-  // when more than one `.proto` file is specified on one compiler invocation.
+  // Generates code for all given proto files.
   //
-  // WARNING: Please do not use unless legacy semantics force the code generator
-  // to produce a single output file for all input files, or otherwise require
-  // an examination of all input files first. The canonical code generator
-  // design produces one output file per input .proto file, and we do not wish
-  // to encourage alternate designs.
+  // WARNING: The canonical code generator design produces one or two output
+  // files per input .proto file, and we do not wish to encourage alternate
+  // designs.
   //
   // A parameter is given as passed on the command line, as in |Generate()|
   // above.
@@ -100,15 +93,13 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGenerator {
   virtual bool GenerateAll(const vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
                            const string& parameter,
                            GeneratorContext* generator_context,
-                           string* error) const {
-    *error = "Unimplemented GenerateAll() method.";
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Returns true if the code generator expects to receive all FileDescriptors
-  // at once (via |GenerateAll()|), rather than one at a time (via
-  // |Generate()|). This is required to implement legacy semantics.
-  virtual bool HasGenerateAll() const { return false; }
+                           string* error) const;
+
+  // This is no longer used, but this class is part of the opensource protobuf
+  // library, so it has to remain to keep vtables the same for the current
+  // version of the library. When protobufs does a api breaking change, the
+  // method can be removed.
+  virtual bool HasGenerateAll() const { return true; }
 
  private:
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CodeGenerator);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc
index bb781b0a..0d1c30ce 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.cc
@@ -704,6 +704,7 @@ CommandLineInterface::CommandLineInterface()
   : mode_(MODE_COMPILE),
     print_mode_(PRINT_NONE),
     error_format_(ERROR_FORMAT_GCC),
+    direct_dependencies_explicitly_set_(false),
     imports_in_descriptor_set_(false),
     source_info_in_descriptor_set_(false),
     disallow_services_(false),
@@ -784,6 +785,24 @@ int CommandLineInterface::Run(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
               "--disallow_services was used." << endl;
       return 1;
     }
+
+    // Enforce --direct_dependencies
+    if (direct_dependencies_explicitly_set_) {
+      bool indirect_imports = false;
+      for (int i = 0; i < parsed_file->dependency_count(); i++) {
+        if (direct_dependencies_.find(parsed_file->dependency(i)->name()) ==
+            direct_dependencies_.end()) {
+          indirect_imports = true;
+          cerr << parsed_file->name()
+               << ": File is imported but not declared in "
+               << "--direct_dependencies: "
+               << parsed_file->dependency(i)->name() << std::endl;
+        }
+      }
+      if (indirect_imports) {
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   // We construct a separate GeneratorContext for each output location.  Note
@@ -897,6 +916,7 @@ void CommandLineInterface::Clear() {
   executable_name_.clear();
   proto_path_.clear();
   input_files_.clear();
+  direct_dependencies_.clear();
   output_directives_.clear();
   codec_type_.clear();
   descriptor_set_name_.clear();
@@ -907,6 +927,7 @@ void CommandLineInterface::Clear() {
   imports_in_descriptor_set_ = false;
   source_info_in_descriptor_set_ = false;
   disallow_services_ = false;
+  direct_dependencies_explicitly_set_ = false;
 }
 
 bool CommandLineInterface::MakeInputsBeProtoPathRelative(
@@ -1154,6 +1175,21 @@ CommandLineInterface::InterpretArgument(const string& name,
       proto_path_.push_back(pair<string, string>(virtual_path, disk_path));
     }
 
+  } else if (name == "--direct_dependencies") {
+    if (direct_dependencies_explicitly_set_) {
+      std::cerr << name << " may only be passed once. To specify multiple "
+                           "direct dependencies, pass them all as a single "
+                           "parameter separated by '"
+                << kPathSeparator << "'." << std::endl;
+      return PARSE_ARGUMENT_FAIL;
+    }
+
+    direct_dependencies_explicitly_set_ = true;
+    vector<string> direct = Split(
+        value, kPathSeparator, true);
+    GOOGLE_DCHECK(direct_dependencies_.empty());
+    direct_dependencies_.insert(direct.begin(), direct.end());
+
   } else if (name == "-o" || name == "--descriptor_set_out") {
     if (!descriptor_set_name_.empty()) {
       std::cerr << name << " may only be passed once." << std::endl;
@@ -1447,24 +1483,11 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::GenerateOutput(
       }
       parameters.append(generator_parameters_[output_directive.name]);
     }
-    if (output_directive.generator->HasGenerateAll()) {
-      if (!output_directive.generator->GenerateAll(
-          parsed_files, parameters, generator_context, &error)) {
-          // Generator returned an error.
-          std::cerr << output_directive.name << ": "
-                    << ": " << error << std::endl;
-          return false;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (int i = 0; i < parsed_files.size(); i++) {
-        if (!output_directive.generator->Generate(parsed_files[i], parameters,
-                                                  generator_context, &error)) {
-          // Generator returned an error.
-          std::cerr << output_directive.name << ": " << parsed_files[i]->name()
-                    << ": " << error << std::endl;
-          return false;
-        }
-      }
+    if (!output_directive.generator->GenerateAll(
+        parsed_files, parameters, generator_context, &error)) {
+      // Generator returned an error.
+      std::cerr << output_directive.name << ": " << error << std::endl;
+      return false;
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h
index 32084567..c38e65a3 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h
@@ -352,6 +352,11 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CommandLineInterface {
   vector<pair<string, string> > proto_path_;  // Search path for proto files.
   vector<string> input_files_;                // Names of the input proto files.
 
+  // Names of proto files which are allowed to be imported. Used by build
+  // systems to enforce depend-on-what-you-import.
+  set<string> direct_dependencies_;
+  bool direct_dependencies_explicitly_set_;
+
   // output_directives_ lists all the files we are supposed to output and what
   // generator to use for each.
   struct OutputDirective {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc
index dee438c6..56a07dbf 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface_unittest.cc
@@ -871,6 +871,92 @@ TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, AllowServicesHasService) {
   ExpectGenerated("test_generator", "", "foo.proto", "Foo");
 }
 
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DirectDependencies_Missing_EmptyList) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo { optional Bar bar = 1; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar { optional string text = 1; }");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir "
+      "--direct_dependencies= foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "foo.proto: File is imported but not declared in --direct_dependencies: "
+      "bar.proto\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DirectDependencies_Missing) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "import \"bla.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo { optional Bar bar = 1; optional Bla bla = 2; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar { optional string text = 1; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bla.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bla { optional int64 number = 1; }");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir "
+      "--direct_dependencies=bla.proto foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "foo.proto: File is imported but not declared in --direct_dependencies: "
+      "bar.proto\n");
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DirectDependencies_NoViolation) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo { optional Bar bar = 1; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar { optional string text = 1; }");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir "
+      "--direct_dependencies=bar.proto foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DirectDependencies_NoViolation_MultiImports) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "import \"bar.proto\";\n"
+                 "import \"bla.proto\";\n"
+                 "message Foo { optional Bar bar = 1; optional Bla bla = 2; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bar.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bar { optional string text = 1; }");
+  CreateTempFile("bla.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
+                 "message Bla { optional int64 number = 1; }");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir "
+      "--direct_dependencies=bar.proto:bla.proto foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectNoErrors();
+}
+
+TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, DirectDependencies_ProvidedMultipleTimes) {
+  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
+                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n");
+
+  Run("protocol_compiler --test_out=$tmpdir --proto_path=$tmpdir "
+      "--direct_dependencies=bar.proto --direct_dependencies=bla.proto "
+      "foo.proto");
+
+  ExpectErrorText(
+      "--direct_dependencies may only be passed once. To specify multiple "
+      "direct dependencies, pass them all as a single parameter separated by "
+      "':'.\n");
+}
+
 TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, CwdRelativeInputs) {
   // Test that we can accept working-directory-relative input files.
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc
index 77451ab1..deef290b 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_bootstrap_unittest.cc
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@ class MockGeneratorContext : public GeneratorContext {
                           &actual_contents, true));
     EXPECT_TRUE(actual_contents == *expected_contents)
       << physical_filename << " needs to be regenerated.  Please run "
-         "google/protobuf/compiler/release_compiler.sh and "
          "generate_descriptor_proto.sh. Then add this file "
          "to your CL.";
   }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc
index 62b7ed4e..6ced26bc 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum.cc
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ void EnumGenerator::GenerateMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
 
   printer->Print(vars,
     "bool $classname$_IsValid(int value) {\n"
-    "  switch(value) {\n");
+    "  switch (value) {\n");
 
   // Multiple values may have the same number.  Make sure we only cover
   // each number once by first constructing a set containing all valid
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc
index ffd81529..c3dfa817 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.cc
@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ void EnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
                                   bool is_inline) const {
   map<string, string> variables(variables_);
-  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
   printer->Print(variables,
-    "$inline$ $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+    "$inline$$type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return static_cast< $type$ >($name$_);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
+    "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
   if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
     printer->Print(variables,
     "  assert($type$_IsValid(value));\n");
@@ -187,16 +187,16 @@ void EnumOneofFieldGenerator::
 GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
                                   bool is_inline) const {
   map<string, string> variables(variables_);
-  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
   printer->Print(variables,
-    "$inline$ $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+    "$inline$$type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
     "    return static_cast< $type$ >($oneof_prefix$$name$_);\n"
     "  }\n"
     "  return static_cast< $type$ >($default$);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
+    "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
   if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
     printer->Print(variables,
     "  assert($type$_IsValid(value));\n");
@@ -263,13 +263,13 @@ void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
                                   bool is_inline) const {
   map<string, string> variables(variables_);
-  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
   printer->Print(variables,
-    "$inline$ $type$ $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
+    "$inline$$type$ $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return static_cast< $type$ >($name$_.Get(index));\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, $type$ value) {\n");
+    "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, $type$ value) {\n");
   if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
     printer->Print(variables,
     "  assert($type$_IsValid(value));\n");
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
     "  $name$_.Set(index, value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void $classname$::add_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
+    "$inline$void $classname$::add_$name$($type$ value) {\n");
   if (!HasPreservingUnknownEnumSemantics(descriptor_->file())) {
     printer->Print(variables,
     "  assert($type$_IsValid(value));\n");
@@ -288,12 +288,12 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n");
   printer->Print(variables,
-    "$inline$ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int>&\n"
+    "$inline$const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int>&\n"
     "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_;\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int>*\n"
+    "$inline$::google::protobuf::RepeatedField<int>*\n"
     "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return &$name$_;\n"
@@ -311,6 +311,11 @@ GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
 }
 
 void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::
+GenerateUnsafeMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->$name$_);\n");
 }
@@ -475,10 +480,11 @@ void RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator::
 GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
     "{\n"
-    "  int data_size = 0;\n");
+    "  size_t data_size = 0;\n"
+    "  unsigned int count = this->$name$_size();");
   printer->Indent();
   printer->Print(variables_,
-      "for (int i = 0; i < this->$name$_size(); i++) {\n"
+      "for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n"
       "  data_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::EnumSize(\n"
       "    this->$name$(i));\n"
       "}\n");
@@ -489,13 +495,14 @@ GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "  total_size += $tag_size$ +\n"
       "    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(data_size);\n"
       "}\n"
+      "int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(data_size);\n"
       "GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();\n"
-      "_$name$_cached_byte_size_ = data_size;\n"
+      "_$name$_cached_byte_size_ = cached_size;\n"
       "GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();\n"
       "total_size += data_size;\n");
   } else {
     printer->Print(variables_,
-      "total_size += $tag_size$ * this->$name$_size() + data_size;\n");
+      "total_size += ($tag_size$UL * count) + data_size;\n");
   }
   printer->Outdent();
   printer->Print("}\n");
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h
index fe21c575..57ffeec5 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_enum_field.h
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ class RepeatedEnumFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
                                          bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateUnsafeMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) const;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.cc
index c42f1627..4554c72c 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_extension.cc
@@ -178,28 +178,30 @@ void ExtensionGenerator::GenerateRegistration(io::Printer* printer) {
 
   switch (descriptor_->cpp_type()) {
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
-      printer->Print(vars,
-        "::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet::RegisterEnumExtension(\n"
-        "  &$extendee$::default_instance(),\n"
-        "  $number$, $field_type$, $is_repeated$, $is_packed$,\n");
+      printer->Print(
+          vars,
+          "::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet::RegisterEnumExtension(\n"
+          "  $extendee$::internal_default_instance(),\n"
+          "  $number$, $field_type$, $is_repeated$, $is_packed$,\n");
       printer->Print(
         "  &$type$_IsValid);\n",
         "type", ClassName(descriptor_->enum_type(), true));
       break;
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
-      printer->Print(vars,
-        "::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet::RegisterMessageExtension(\n"
-        "  &$extendee$::default_instance(),\n"
-        "  $number$, $field_type$, $is_repeated$, $is_packed$,\n");
       printer->Print(
-        "  &$type$::default_instance());\n",
-        "type", ClassName(descriptor_->message_type(), true));
+          vars,
+          "::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet::RegisterMessageExtension(\n"
+          "  $extendee$::internal_default_instance(),\n"
+          "  $number$, $field_type$, $is_repeated$, $is_packed$,\n");
+      printer->Print("  $type$::internal_default_instance());\n", "type",
+                     ClassName(descriptor_->message_type(), true));
       break;
     default:
-      printer->Print(vars,
-        "::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet::RegisterExtension(\n"
-        "  &$extendee$::default_instance(),\n"
-        "  $number$, $field_type$, $is_repeated$, $is_packed$);\n");
+      printer->Print(
+          vars,
+          "::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet::RegisterExtension(\n"
+          "  $extendee$::internal_default_instance(),\n"
+          "  $number$, $field_type$, $is_repeated$, $is_packed$);\n");
       break;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h
index 3b012527..fdd338a6 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_field.h
@@ -136,6 +136,13 @@ class FieldGenerator {
   // GenerateMergeFrom method.
   virtual void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const = 0;
 
+  // The same, but the generated code may or may not check the possibility that
+  // the two objects being merged have the same address.  To be safe, callers
+  // should avoid calling this unless they know the objects are different.
+  virtual void GenerateUnsafeMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+    GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+  }
+
   // Generate lines of code (statements, not declarations) which swaps
   // this field and the corresponding field of another message, which
   // is stored in the generated code variable "other". This is used to
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc
index b3eca660..369497ce 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_file.cc
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ FileGenerator::FileGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options)
       new ExtensionGenerator(file->extension(i), options));
   }
 
-  SplitStringUsing(file_->package(), ".", &package_parts_);
+  package_parts_ = Split(file_->package(), ".", true);
 }
 
 FileGenerator::~FileGenerator() {}
@@ -336,6 +336,20 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateSource(io::Printer* printer) {
 
   // Generate classes.
   for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    if (i == 0 && HasGeneratedMethods(file_, options_)) {
+      printer->Print(
+        "\n"
+        "namespace {\n"
+        "\n"
+        "static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD"
+        " GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;\n"
+        "static void MergeFromFail(int line) {\n"
+        "  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n"
+        "}  // namespace\n"
+        "\n");
+    }
     printer->Print("\n");
     printer->Print(kThickSeparator);
     printer->Print("\n");
@@ -449,6 +463,7 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateBuildDescriptors(io::Printer* printer) {
 
   // In optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME mode, we don't generate AssignDescriptors()
   // and we only use AddDescriptors() to allocate default instances.
+
   if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, options_)) {
     printer->Print(
         "\n"
@@ -500,15 +515,15 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateBuildDescriptors(io::Printer* printer) {
     // AssignDescriptors().  All later times, waits for the first call to
     // complete and then returns.
     printer->Print(
-      "namespace {\n"
-      "\n"
-      "GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);\n"
-      "inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {\n"
-      "  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,\n"
-      "                 &$assigndescriptorsname$);\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n",
-      "assigndescriptorsname", GlobalAssignDescriptorsName(file_->name()));
+        "namespace {\n"
+        "\n"
+        "GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);\n"
+        "void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {\n"
+        "  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,\n"
+        "                 &$assigndescriptorsname$);\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n",
+        "assigndescriptorsname", GlobalAssignDescriptorsName(file_->name()));
 
     // protobuf_RegisterTypes():  Calls
     // MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedType() for each message type.
@@ -548,44 +563,68 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateBuildDescriptors(io::Printer* printer) {
 
   // -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
-  // Now generate the AddDescriptors() function.
-  PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-      file_, options_, printer,
-      // With static initializers.
-      // Note that we don't need any special synchronization in the following
-      // code
-      // because it is called at static init time before any threads exist.
-      "void $adddescriptorsname$() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;\n"
-      "void $adddescriptorsname$() {\n"
-      "  static bool already_here = false;\n"
-      "  if (already_here) return;\n"
-      "  already_here = true;\n"
-      "  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;\n"
-      "\n",
-      // Without.
-      "void $adddescriptorsname$_impl() {\n"
+  // Now generate the InitDefaults() function.
+  printer->Print(
+      "void $initdefaultsname$_impl() {\n"
       "  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;\n"
       "\n",
       // Vars.
-      "adddescriptorsname", GlobalAddDescriptorsName(file_->name()));
+      "initdefaultsname", GlobalInitDefaultsName(file_->name()));
 
   printer->Indent();
 
-  // Call the AddDescriptors() methods for all of our dependencies, to make
+  // Call the InitDefaults() methods for all of our dependencies, to make
   // sure they get added first.
   for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
     const FileDescriptor* dependency = file_->dependency(i);
     // Print the namespace prefix for the dependency.
     string add_desc_name = QualifiedFileLevelSymbol(
-        dependency->package(), GlobalAddDescriptorsName(dependency->name()));
+        dependency->package(), GlobalInitDefaultsName(dependency->name()));
     // Call its AddDescriptors function.
     printer->Print(
       "$name$();\n",
       "name", add_desc_name);
   }
 
+  // Allocate and initialize default instances.  This can't be done lazily
+  // since default instances are returned by simple accessors and are used with
+  // extensions.  Speaking of which, we also register extensions at this time.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateDefaultInstanceAllocator(printer);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
+    extension_generators_[i]->GenerateRegistration(printer);
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
+    message_generators_[i]->GenerateDefaultInstanceInitializer(printer);
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print(
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE($initdefaultsname$_once_);\n"
+      "void $initdefaultsname$() {\n"
+      "  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&$initdefaultsname$_once_,\n"
+      "                 &$initdefaultsname$_impl);\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "initdefaultsname", GlobalInitDefaultsName(file_->name()));
+
+  // -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Now generate the AddDescriptors() function.
+  printer->Print(
+      "void $adddescriptorsname$_impl() {\n"
+      "  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;\n"
+      "\n"
+      "  $initdefaultsname$();\n",
+      // Vars.
+      "adddescriptorsname", GlobalAddDescriptorsName(file_->name()),
+      "initdefaultsname", GlobalInitDefaultsName(file_->name()));
+
+  printer->Indent();
   if (HasDescriptorMethods(file_, options_)) {
-    // Embed the descriptor.  We simply serialize the entire FileDescriptorProto
+    // Embed the descriptor.  We simply serialize the entire
+    // FileDescriptorProto
     // and embed it as a string literal, which is parsed and built into real
     // descriptors at initialization time.
     FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
@@ -655,30 +694,37 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateBuildDescriptors(io::Printer* printer) {
       "filename", file_->name());
   }
 
-  // Allocate and initialize default instances.  This can't be done lazily
-  // since default instances are returned by simple accessors and are used with
-  // extensions.  Speaking of which, we also register extensions at this time.
-  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
-    message_generators_[i]->GenerateDefaultInstanceAllocator(printer);
-  }
-  for (int i = 0; i < file_->extension_count(); i++) {
-    extension_generators_[i]->GenerateRegistration(printer);
-  }
-  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
-    message_generators_[i]->GenerateDefaultInstanceInitializer(printer);
+  // Call the AddDescriptors() methods for all of our dependencies, to make
+  // sure they get added first.
+  for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
+    const FileDescriptor* dependency = file_->dependency(i);
+    // Print the namespace prefix for the dependency.
+    string add_desc_name = QualifiedFileLevelSymbol(
+        dependency->package(), GlobalAddDescriptorsName(dependency->name()));
+    // Call its AddDescriptors function.
+    printer->Print("$adddescriptorsname$();\n", "adddescriptorsname",
+                   add_desc_name);
   }
 
   printer->Print(
-    "::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&$shutdownfilename$);\n",
-    "shutdownfilename", GlobalShutdownFileName(file_->name()));
+      "::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&$shutdownfilename$);\n",
+      "shutdownfilename", GlobalShutdownFileName(file_->name()));
 
   printer->Outdent();
   printer->Print(
-    "}\n"
-    "\n");
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE($adddescriptorsname$_once_);\n"
+      "void $adddescriptorsname$() {\n"
+      "  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&$adddescriptorsname$_once_,\n"
+      "                 &$adddescriptorsname$_impl);\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "adddescriptorsname", GlobalAddDescriptorsName(file_->name()));
 
-  PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-      file_, options_, printer,
+  if (!StaticInitializersForced(file_, options_)) {
+    printer->Print("#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER\n");
+  }
+  printer->Print(
       // With static initializers.
       "// Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.\n"
       "struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_$filename$ {\n"
@@ -686,15 +732,12 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateBuildDescriptors(io::Printer* printer) {
       "    $adddescriptorsname$();\n"
       "  }\n"
       "} static_descriptor_initializer_$filename$_;\n",
-      // Without.
-      "GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE($adddescriptorsname$_once_);\n"
-      "void $adddescriptorsname$() {\n"
-      "  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&$adddescriptorsname$_once_,\n"
-      "                 &$adddescriptorsname$_impl);\n"
-      "}\n",
       // Vars.
       "adddescriptorsname", GlobalAddDescriptorsName(file_->name()), "filename",
       FilenameIdentifier(file_->name()));
+  if (!StaticInitializersForced(file_, options_)) {
+    printer->Print("#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER\n");
+  }
 }
 
 void FileGenerator::GenerateNamespaceOpeners(io::Printer* printer) {
@@ -892,12 +935,14 @@ void FileGenerator::GenerateGlobalStateFunctionDeclarations(
   // Forward-declare the AddDescriptors, AssignDescriptors, and ShutdownFile
   // functions, so that we can declare them to be friends of each class.
   printer->Print(
-    "\n"
-    "// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.\n"
-    "void $dllexport_decl$$adddescriptorsname$();\n",
-    "adddescriptorsname", GlobalAddDescriptorsName(file_->name()),
-    "dllexport_decl",
-    options_.dllexport_decl.empty() ? "" : options_.dllexport_decl + " ");
+      "\n"
+      "// Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.\n"
+      "void $dllexport_decl$$adddescriptorsname$();\n"
+      "void $dllexport_decl$$initdefaultsname$();\n",
+      "initdefaultsname", GlobalInitDefaultsName(file_->name()),
+      "adddescriptorsname", GlobalAddDescriptorsName(file_->name()),
+      "dllexport_decl",
+      options_.dllexport_decl.empty() ? "" : options_.dllexport_decl + " ");
 
   printer->Print(
     // Note that we don't put dllexport_decl on these because they are only
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc
index 2ad4d36a..6d844cc2 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.cc
@@ -415,7 +415,8 @@ string DefaultValue(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
         CEscape(field->default_value_string())) +
         "\"";
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE:
-      return FieldMessageTypeName(field) + "::default_instance()";
+      return "*" + FieldMessageTypeName(field) +
+             "::internal_default_instance()";
   }
   // Can't actually get here; make compiler happy.  (We could add a default
   // case above but then we wouldn't get the nice compiler warning when a
@@ -444,6 +445,10 @@ string GlobalAddDescriptorsName(const string& filename) {
   return "protobuf_AddDesc_" + FilenameIdentifier(filename);
 }
 
+string GlobalInitDefaultsName(const string& filename) {
+  return "protobuf_InitDefaults_" + FilenameIdentifier(filename);
+}
+
 // Return the name of the AssignDescriptors() function for a given file.
 string GlobalAssignDescriptorsName(const string& filename) {
   return "protobuf_AssignDesc_" + FilenameIdentifier(filename);
@@ -500,40 +505,6 @@ bool StaticInitializersForced(const FileDescriptor* file,
   return false;
 }
 
-void PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-    const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options, io::Printer* printer,
-    const char* with_static_init, const char* without_static_init,
-    const char* var1, const string& val1, const char* var2,
-    const string& val2) {
-  map<string, string> vars;
-  if (var1) {
-    vars[var1] = val1;
-  }
-  if (var2) {
-    vars[var2] = val2;
-  }
-  PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-      vars, file, options, printer, with_static_init, without_static_init);
-}
-
-void PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(const map<string, string>& vars,
-                                             const FileDescriptor* file,
-                                             const Options& options,
-                                             io::Printer* printer,
-                                             const char* with_static_init,
-                                             const char* without_static_init) {
-  if (StaticInitializersForced(file, options)) {
-    printer->Print(vars, with_static_init);
-  } else {
-    printer->Print(vars, (string(
-      "#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER\n") +
-      without_static_init +
-      "#else\n" +
-      with_static_init +
-      "#endif\n").c_str());
-  }
-}
-
 
 static bool HasMapFields(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h
index 018acfca..3a0c0388 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_helpers.h
@@ -147,6 +147,9 @@ string FilenameIdentifier(const string& filename);
 // Return the name of the AddDescriptors() function for a given file.
 string GlobalAddDescriptorsName(const string& filename);
 
+// Return the name of the InitDefaults() function for a given file.
+string GlobalInitDefaultsName(const string& filename);
+
 // Return the name of the AssignDescriptors() function for a given file.
 string GlobalAssignDescriptorsName(const string& filename);
 
@@ -223,22 +226,6 @@ inline bool HasFastArraySerialization(const FileDescriptor* file,
 bool StaticInitializersForced(const FileDescriptor* file,
                               const Options& options);
 
-// Prints 'with_static_init' if static initializers have to be used for the
-// provided file. Otherwise emits both 'with_static_init' and
-// 'without_static_init' using #ifdef.
-void PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-    const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options, io::Printer* printer,
-    const char* with_static_init, const char* without_static_init,
-    const char* var1 = NULL, const string& val1 = "", const char* var2 = NULL,
-    const string& val2 = "");
-
-void PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(const map<string, string>& vars,
-                                             const FileDescriptor* file,
-                                             const Options& options,
-                                             io::Printer* printer,
-                                             const char* with_static_init,
-                                             const char* without_static_init);
-
 
 inline bool IsMapEntryMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
   return descriptor->options().map_entry();
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc
index 0588e34e..31ac9ca7 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_map_field.cc
@@ -399,7 +399,8 @@ void MapFieldGenerator::GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizes(
 void MapFieldGenerator::
 GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
-      "total_size += $tag_size$ * this->$name$_size();\n"
+      "total_size += $tag_size$ *\n"
+      "    ::google::protobuf::internal::FromIntSize(this->$name$_size());\n"
       "{\n"
       "  ::google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<$map_classname$> entry;\n"
       "  for (::google::protobuf::Map< $key_cpp$, $val_cpp$ >::const_iterator\n"
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc
index 1f1a0f1c..f5648663 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.cc
@@ -85,14 +85,13 @@ struct FieldOrderingByNumber {
 
 // Sort the fields of the given Descriptor by number into a new[]'d array
 // and return it.
-const FieldDescriptor** SortFieldsByNumber(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
-  const FieldDescriptor** fields =
-    new const FieldDescriptor*[descriptor->field_count()];
+std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> SortFieldsByNumber(
+    const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields(descriptor->field_count());
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
     fields[i] = descriptor->field(i);
   }
-  std::sort(fields, fields + descriptor->field_count(),
-            FieldOrderingByNumber());
+  std::sort(fields.begin(), fields.end(), FieldOrderingByNumber());
   return fields;
 }
 
@@ -227,59 +226,150 @@ class FieldGroup {
   // used in a vector.
 };
 
+// Helper for the code that emits the Clear() method.
+bool CanInitializeByZeroing(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_repeated() || field->is_extension()) return false;
+  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
+    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
+      return field->default_value_enum()->number() == 0;
+    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_INT32:
+      return field->default_value_int32() == 0;
+    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_INT64:
+      return field->default_value_int64() == 0;
+    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
+      return field->default_value_uint32() == 0;
+    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
+      return field->default_value_uint64() == 0;
+    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
+      return field->default_value_float() == 0;
+    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return field->default_value_double() == 0;
+    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
+      return field->default_value_bool() == false;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
 // Reorder 'fields' so that if the fields are output into a c++ class in the new
-// order, the alignment padding is minimized.  We try to do this while keeping
-// each field as close as possible to its original position so that we don't
-// reduce cache locality much for function that access each field in order.
+// order, fields of similiar family (see below) are together and within each
+// family, alignment padding is minimized.
+//
+// We try to do this while keeping each field as close as possible to its
+// declaration order (from the .proto file) so that we don't reduce cache
+// locality much for function that access each field in order.  This is also the
+// only (weak) signal we have for author intent concerning field layout.
+//
+// TODO(ckennelly):  Update these functions to use the optimized layout order
+// for their access patterns.
+//
+// TODO(ckennelly):  If/when we have profiles available for the compiler, use
+// those rather than respect declaration order.
+//
+// We classify each field into a particular "family" of fields, that we perform
+// the same operation on in our generated functions.
+//
+// REPEATED is placed first, as the C++ compiler automatically initializes
+// these fields in layout order.
+//
+// STRING is grouped next, as our Clear/SharedCtor/SharedDtor walks it and
+// calls ArenaStringPtr::Destroy on each.
+//
+// MESSAGE is grouped next, as our Clear/SharedDtor code walks it and calls
+// delete on each.  We initialize these fields with a NULL pointer (see
+// MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateConstructorCode).
+//   TODO(ckennelly):  memset these in SharedCtor.
+//
+// ZERO_INITIALIZABLE is memset in Clear/SharedCtor
+//
+// OTHER these fields are initialized one-by-one.
 void OptimizePadding(vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* fields) {
+  // The sorted numeric order of Family determines the declaration order in the
+  // memory layout.
+  enum Family {
+    REPEATED = 0,
+    STRING = 1,
+    MESSAGE = 2,
+    ZERO_INITIALIZABLE = 3,
+    OTHER = 4,
+    kMaxFamily
+  };
+
   // First divide fields into those that align to 1 byte, 4 bytes or 8 bytes.
-  vector<FieldGroup> aligned_to_1, aligned_to_4, aligned_to_8;
+  vector<FieldGroup> aligned_to_1[kMaxFamily];
+  vector<FieldGroup> aligned_to_4[kMaxFamily];
+  vector<FieldGroup> aligned_to_8[kMaxFamily];
   for (int i = 0; i < fields->size(); ++i) {
-    switch (EstimateAlignmentSize((*fields)[i])) {
-      case 1: aligned_to_1.push_back(FieldGroup(i, (*fields)[i])); break;
-      case 4: aligned_to_4.push_back(FieldGroup(i, (*fields)[i])); break;
-      case 8: aligned_to_8.push_back(FieldGroup(i, (*fields)[i])); break;
-      default:
-        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown alignment size.";
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = (*fields)[i];
+
+    Family f = OTHER;
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      f = REPEATED;
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING) {
+      f = STRING;
+    } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+      f = MESSAGE;
+    } else if (CanInitializeByZeroing(field)) {
+      f = ZERO_INITIALIZABLE;
     }
-  }
 
-  // Now group fields aligned to 1 byte into sets of 4, and treat those like a
-  // single field aligned to 4 bytes.
-  for (int i = 0; i < aligned_to_1.size(); i += 4) {
-    FieldGroup field_group;
-    for (int j = i; j < aligned_to_1.size() && j < i + 4; ++j) {
-      field_group.Append(aligned_to_1[j]);
+    switch (EstimateAlignmentSize(field)) {
+      case 1: aligned_to_1[f].push_back(FieldGroup(i, field)); break;
+      case 4: aligned_to_4[f].push_back(FieldGroup(i, field)); break;
+      case 8: aligned_to_8[f].push_back(FieldGroup(i, field)); break;
+      default:
+        GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown alignment size.";
     }
-    aligned_to_4.push_back(field_group);
   }
-  // Sort by preferred location to keep fields as close to their original
-  // location as possible.  Using stable_sort ensures that the output is
-  // consistent across runs.
-  std::stable_sort(aligned_to_4.begin(), aligned_to_4.end());
 
-  // Now group fields aligned to 4 bytes (or the 4-field groups created above)
-  // into pairs, and treat those like a single field aligned to 8 bytes.
-  for (int i = 0; i < aligned_to_4.size(); i += 2) {
-    FieldGroup field_group;
-    for (int j = i; j < aligned_to_4.size() && j < i + 2; ++j) {
-      field_group.Append(aligned_to_4[j]);
-    }
-    if (i == aligned_to_4.size() - 1) {
-      // Move incomplete 4-byte block to the end.
-      field_group.SetPreferredLocation(fields->size() + 1);
+  // For each family, group fields to optimize padding.
+  for (int f = 0; f < kMaxFamily; f++) {
+    // Now group fields aligned to 1 byte into sets of 4, and treat those like a
+    // single field aligned to 4 bytes.
+    for (int i = 0; i < aligned_to_1[f].size(); i += 4) {
+      FieldGroup field_group;
+      for (int j = i; j < aligned_to_1[f].size() && j < i + 4; ++j) {
+        field_group.Append(aligned_to_1[f][j]);
+      }
+      aligned_to_4[f].push_back(field_group);
+    }
+    // Sort by preferred location to keep fields as close to their declaration
+    // order as possible.  Using stable_sort ensures that the output is
+    // consistent across runs.
+    std::stable_sort(aligned_to_4[f].begin(), aligned_to_4[f].end());
+
+    // Now group fields aligned to 4 bytes (or the 4-field groups created above)
+    // into pairs, and treat those like a single field aligned to 8 bytes.
+    for (int i = 0; i < aligned_to_4[f].size(); i += 2) {
+      FieldGroup field_group;
+      for (int j = i; j < aligned_to_4[f].size() && j < i + 2; ++j) {
+        field_group.Append(aligned_to_4[f][j]);
+      }
+      if (i == aligned_to_4[f].size() - 1) {
+        if (f == OTHER) {
+          // Move incomplete 4-byte block to the beginning.  This is done to
+          // pair with the (possible) leftover blocks from the
+          // ZERO_INITIALIZABLE family.
+          field_group.SetPreferredLocation(-1);
+        } else {
+          // Move incomplete 4-byte block to the end.
+          field_group.SetPreferredLocation(fields->size() + 1);
+        }
+      }
+      aligned_to_8[f].push_back(field_group);
     }
-    aligned_to_8.push_back(field_group);
+    // Sort by preferred location.
+    std::stable_sort(aligned_to_8[f].begin(), aligned_to_8[f].end());
   }
-  // Sort by preferred location.
-  std::stable_sort(aligned_to_8.begin(), aligned_to_8.end());
 
   // Now pull out all the FieldDescriptors in order.
   fields->clear();
-  for (int i = 0; i < aligned_to_8.size(); ++i) {
-    fields->insert(fields->end(),
-                   aligned_to_8[i].fields().begin(),
-                   aligned_to_8[i].fields().end());
+  for (int f = 0; f < kMaxFamily; ++f) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < aligned_to_8[f].size(); ++i) {
+      fields->insert(fields->end(),
+                     aligned_to_8[f][i].fields().begin(),
+                     aligned_to_8[f][i].fields().end());
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -337,6 +427,20 @@ bool HasHasMethod(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
   return field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE;
 }
 
+size_t HasBitsSize(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+  // TODO(jieluo) - Optimize _has_bits_ for repeated and oneof fields.
+  size_t sizeof_has_bits = (descriptor->field_count() + 31) / 32 * 4;
+  if (descriptor->field_count() == 0) {
+    // Zero-size arrays aren't technically allowed, and MSVC in particular
+    // doesn't like them.  We still need to declare these arrays to make
+    // other code compile.  Since this is an uncommon case, we'll just declare
+    // them with size 1 and waste some space.  Oh well.
+    sizeof_has_bits = 4;
+  }
+
+  return sizeof_has_bits;
+}
+
 // Collects map entry message type information.
 void CollectMapInfo(const Descriptor* descriptor,
                     map<string, string>* variables) {
@@ -389,6 +493,15 @@ MessageGenerator::MessageGenerator(const Descriptor* descriptor,
           ExtensionGenerator>[descriptor->extension_count()]),
       use_dependent_base_(false) {
 
+  // Compute optimized field order to be used for layout and initialization
+  // purposes.
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
+      optimized_order_.push_back(descriptor_->field(i));
+    }
+  }
+  OptimizePadding(&optimized_order_);
+
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); i++) {
     nested_generators_[i].reset(
       new MessageGenerator(descriptor->nested_type(i), options));
@@ -644,11 +757,12 @@ GenerateSingularFieldHasBits(const FieldDescriptor* field,
           "  return !$name$_.IsCleared();\n"
           "}\n");
       } else {
-        printer->Print(vars,
-          "$inline$"
-          "bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
-          "  return !_is_default_instance_ && $name$_ != NULL;\n"
-          "}\n");
+        printer->Print(
+            vars,
+            "$inline$"
+            "bool $classname$::has_$name$() const {\n"
+            "  return this != internal_default_instance() && $name$_ != NULL;\n"
+            "}\n");
       }
     }
   }
@@ -805,31 +919,6 @@ GenerateFieldAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline) {
   }
 }
 
-// Helper for the code that emits the Clear() method.
-static bool CanClearByZeroing(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
-  if (field->is_repeated() || field->is_extension()) return false;
-  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
-    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
-      return field->default_value_enum()->number() == 0;
-    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_INT32:
-      return field->default_value_int32() == 0;
-    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_INT64:
-      return field->default_value_int64() == 0;
-    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
-      return field->default_value_uint32() == 0;
-    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
-      return field->default_value_uint64() == 0;
-    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
-      return field->default_value_float() == 0;
-    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
-      return field->default_value_double() == 0;
-    case internal::WireFormatLite::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
-      return field->default_value_bool() == false;
-    default:
-      return false;
-  }
-}
-
 void MessageGenerator::
 GenerateDependentBaseClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
   if (!use_dependent_base_) {
@@ -1009,19 +1098,13 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
         "\n");
   }
 
-  if (!StaticInitializersForced(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
-    printer->Print(vars,
-      "#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER\n"
-      "// Returns the internal default instance pointer. This function can\n"
-      "// return NULL thus should not be used by the user. This is intended\n"
-      "// for Protobuf internal code. Please use default_instance() declared\n"
-      "// above instead.\n"
+  // TODO(gerbens) make this private, while still granting other protos access.
+  printer->Print(
+      vars,
       "static inline const $classname$* internal_default_instance() {\n"
-      "  return default_instance_;\n"
+      "  return &default_instance_.get();\n"
       "}\n"
-      "#endif\n"
       "\n");
-  }
 
 
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
@@ -1068,7 +1151,7 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
       "void Clear();\n"
       "bool IsInitialized() const;\n"
       "\n"
-      "int ByteSize() const;\n"
+      "size_t ByteSizeLong() const;\n"
       "bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(\n"
       "    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);\n"
       "void SerializeWithCachedSizes(\n"
@@ -1131,7 +1214,8 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
     "void SharedCtor();\n"
     "void SharedDtor();\n"
     "void SetCachedSize(int size) const;\n"
-    "void InternalSwap($classname$* other);\n",
+    "void InternalSwap($classname$* other);\n"
+    "void UnsafeMergeFrom(const $classname$& from);\n",
     "classname", classname_);
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
     printer->Print(
@@ -1260,8 +1344,8 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
       !descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format() &&
       num_required_fields_ > 1) {
     printer->Print(
-        "// helper for ByteSize()\n"
-        "int RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const;\n\n");
+        "// helper for ByteSizeLong()\n"
+        "size_t RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const;\n\n");
   }
 
   // Prepare decls for _cached_size_ and _has_bits_.  Their position in the
@@ -1271,18 +1355,10 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
   // TODO(kenton):  Make _cached_size_ an atomic<int> when C++ supports it.
   const string cached_size_decl = "mutable int _cached_size_;\n";
 
-  // TODO(jieluo) - Optimize _has_bits_ for repeated and oneof fields.
-  size_t sizeof_has_bits = (descriptor_->field_count() + 31) / 32 * 4;
-  if (descriptor_->field_count() == 0) {
-    // Zero-size arrays aren't technically allowed, and MSVC in particular
-    // doesn't like them.  We still need to declare these arrays to make
-    // other code compile.  Since this is an uncommon case, we'll just declare
-    // them with size 1 and waste some space.  Oh well.
-    sizeof_has_bits = 4;
-  }
+  const size_t sizeof_has_bits = HasBitsSize(descriptor_);
   const string has_bits_decl = sizeof_has_bits == 0 ? "" :
-      "::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[" + SimpleItoa(sizeof_has_bits / 4) + "];\n";
-
+      "::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<" + SimpleItoa(sizeof_has_bits / 4) +
+      "> _has_bits_;\n";
 
   // To minimize padding, data members are divided into three sections:
   // (1) members assumed to align to 8 bytes
@@ -1326,45 +1402,27 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
       printer->Print(cached_size_decl.c_str());
       need_to_emit_cached_size = false;
     }
-  } else {
-    // Without field presence, we need another way to disambiguate the default
-    // instance, because the default instance's submessage fields (if any) store
-    // pointers to the default instances of the submessages even when they
-    // aren't present. Alternatives to this approach might be to (i) use a
-    // tagged pointer on all message fields, setting a tag bit for "not really
-    // present, just default instance"; or (ii) comparing |this| against the
-    // return value from GeneratedMessageFactory::GetPrototype() in all
-    // has_$field$() calls. However, both of these options are much more
-    // expensive (in code size and CPU overhead) than just checking a field in
-    // the message. Long-term, the best solution would be to rearchitect the
-    // default instance design not to store pointers to submessage default
-    // instances, and have reflection get those some other way; but that change
-    // would have too much impact on proto2.
-    printer->Print(
-      "bool _is_default_instance_;\n");
   }
 
   // Field members:
 
   // List fields which doesn't belong to any oneof
-  vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
   hash_map<string, int> fieldname_to_chunk;
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
     if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
       const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
-      fields.push_back(field);
       fieldname_to_chunk[FieldName(field)] = i / 8;
     }
   }
-  OptimizePadding(&fields);
+
   // Emit some private and static members
   runs_of_fields_ = vector< vector<string> >(1);
-  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); ++i) {
-    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+  for (int i = 0; i < optimized_order_.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = optimized_order_[i];
     const FieldGenerator& generator = field_generators_.get(field);
     generator.GenerateStaticMembers(printer);
     generator.GeneratePrivateMembers(printer);
-    if (CanClearByZeroing(field)) {
+    if (CanInitializeByZeroing(field)) {
       const string& fieldname = FieldName(field);
       if (!runs_of_fields_.back().empty() &&
           (fieldname_to_chunk[runs_of_fields_.back().back()] !=
@@ -1424,15 +1482,15 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
   // Declare AddDescriptors(), BuildDescriptors(), and ShutdownFile() as
   // friends so that they can access private static variables like
   // default_instance_ and reflection_.
-  PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-      descriptor_->file(), options_, printer,
-      // With static initializers.
-      "friend void $dllexport_decl$ $adddescriptorsname$();\n",
-      // Without.
-      "friend void $dllexport_decl$ $adddescriptorsname$_impl();\n",
-      // Vars.
-      "dllexport_decl", options_.dllexport_decl, "adddescriptorsname",
-      GlobalAddDescriptorsName(descriptor_->file()->name()));
+  printer->Print("friend void $dllexport_decl$ $initdefaultsname$_impl();\n",
+                 // Vars.
+                 "dllexport_decl", options_.dllexport_decl, "initdefaultsname",
+                 GlobalInitDefaultsName(descriptor_->file()->name()));
+  printer->Print("friend void $dllexport_decl$ $adddescriptorsname$_impl();\n",
+                 // Vars.
+                 "dllexport_decl", options_.dllexport_decl,
+                 "adddescriptorsname",
+                 GlobalAddDescriptorsName(descriptor_->file()->name()));
 
   printer->Print(
     "friend void $assigndescriptorsname$();\n"
@@ -1443,12 +1501,12 @@ GenerateClassDefinition(io::Printer* printer) {
     "shutdownfilename", GlobalShutdownFileName(descriptor_->file()->name()));
 
   printer->Print(
-    "void InitAsDefaultInstance();\n"
-    "static $classname$* default_instance_;\n",
-    "classname", classname_);
+      "void InitAsDefaultInstance();\n"
+      "static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<$classname$> default_instance_;\n",
+      "classname", classname_);
 
   printer->Outdent();
-  printer->Print(vars, "};");
+  printer->Print("};");
   GOOGLE_DCHECK(!need_to_emit_cached_size);
 }
 
@@ -1578,18 +1636,18 @@ GenerateDescriptorInitializer(io::Printer* printer, int index) {
       "::NewGeneratedMessageReflection";
   // Construct the reflection object.
   printer->Print(vars,
-    "$classname$_reflection_ =\n"
-    "  $fn$(\n"
-    "    $classname$_descriptor_,\n"
-    "    $classname$::default_instance_,\n"
-    "    $classname$_offsets_,\n");
+                 "$classname$_reflection_ =\n"
+                 "  $fn$(\n"
+                 "    $classname$_descriptor_,\n"
+                 "    $classname$::internal_default_instance(),\n"
+                 "    $classname$_offsets_,\n");
   if (!HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
     // If we don't have field presence, then _has_bits_ does not exist.
     printer->Print(vars,
     "    -1,\n");
   } else {
     printer->Print(vars,
-    "    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET($classname$, _has_bits_[0]),\n");
+    "    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET($classname$, _has_bits_),\n");
   }
 
   // Unknown field offset: either points to the unknown field set if embedded
@@ -1637,22 +1695,12 @@ GenerateDescriptorInitializer(io::Printer* printer, int index) {
   // not (because e.g. we don't have an unknown field set).
   if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
     printer->Print(vars,
-    "    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET("
-    "$classname$, _internal_metadata_),\n");
+                   "    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET("
+                   "$classname$, _internal_metadata_));\n");
   } else {
     printer->Print(vars,
-    "    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET("
-    "$classname$, _arena_),\n");
-  }
-
-  // is_default_instance_ offset.
-  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
-    printer->Print(vars,
-    "    -1);\n");
-  } else {
-    printer->Print(vars,
-    "    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET("
-    "$classname$, _is_default_instance_));\n");
+                   "    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET("
+                   "$classname$, _arena_));\n");
   }
 
   // Handle nested types.
@@ -1670,11 +1718,11 @@ GenerateTypeRegistrations(io::Printer* printer) {
   // Register this message type with the message factory.
   if (!IsMapEntryMessage(descriptor_)) {
     printer->Print(
-      "::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(\n"
-      "    $classname$_descriptor_, &$classname$::default_instance());\n",
-      "classname", classname_);
-  }
-  else {
+        "::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(\n"
+        "    $classname$_descriptor_, "
+        "$classname$::internal_default_instance());\n",
+        "classname", classname_);
+  } else {
     map<string, string> vars;
     CollectMapInfo(descriptor_, &vars);
     vars["classname"] = classname_;
@@ -1708,6 +1756,12 @@ GenerateTypeRegistrations(io::Printer* printer) {
 
 void MessageGenerator::
 GenerateDefaultInstanceAllocator(io::Printer* printer) {
+  // Force initialization of primitive values we depend on.
+  printer->Print(
+      StrCat(
+          uses_string_ ? "::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();\n" : "")
+          .c_str());
+
   // Construct the default instances of all fields, as they will be used
   // when creating the default instance of the entire message.
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
@@ -1720,9 +1774,8 @@ GenerateDefaultInstanceAllocator(io::Printer* printer) {
   // Construct the default instance.  We can't call InitAsDefaultInstance() yet
   // because we need to make sure all default instances that this one might
   // depend on are constructed first.
-  printer->Print(
-    "$classname$::default_instance_ = new $classname$();\n",
-    "classname", classname_);
+  printer->Print("$classname$::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();\n",
+                 "classname", classname_);
 
   if ((descriptor_->oneof_decl_count() > 0) &&
       HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
@@ -1741,8 +1794,9 @@ GenerateDefaultInstanceAllocator(io::Printer* printer) {
 void MessageGenerator::
 GenerateDefaultInstanceInitializer(io::Printer* printer) {
   printer->Print(
-    "$classname$::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();\n",
-    "classname", classname_);
+      "$classname$::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", classname_);
 
   // Register extensions.
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_count(); i++) {
@@ -1761,10 +1815,6 @@ GenerateDefaultInstanceInitializer(io::Printer* printer) {
 
 void MessageGenerator::
 GenerateShutdownCode(io::Printer* printer) {
-  printer->Print(
-    "delete $classname$::default_instance_;\n",
-    "classname", classname_);
-
   if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
     if (descriptor_->oneof_decl_count() > 0) {
       printer->Print(
@@ -1894,6 +1944,12 @@ GenerateClassMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
 
     GenerateIsInitialized(printer);
     printer->Print("\n");
+  } else {
+    printer->Print(
+      "void $classname$::UnsafeMergeFrom(const $classname$& from) {\n"
+      "  MergeFrom(from);\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "classname", classname_);
   }
 
   GenerateSwap(printer);
@@ -1966,15 +2022,15 @@ GenerateSharedConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
     "classname", classname_);
   printer->Indent();
 
-  if (!HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "  _is_default_instance_ = false;\n");
+  bool need_to_clear_cached_size = true;
+  // We reproduce the logic used for laying out _cached_sized_ in the class
+  // definition, as to initialize it in-order.
+  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file()) &&
+      (HasBitsSize(descriptor_) % 8) != 0) {
+    printer->Print("_cached_size_ = 0;\n");
+    need_to_clear_cached_size = false;
   }
 
-  printer->Print(StrCat(
-      uses_string_ ? "::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();\n" : "",
-      "_cached_size_ = 0;\n").c_str());
-
   if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_) &&
       !UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
     printer->Print(
@@ -1982,16 +2038,52 @@ GenerateSharedConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
         "    &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());\n");
   }
 
-  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
-    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
-      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
-          .GenerateConstructorCode(printer);
+  const FieldDescriptor* last_start = NULL;
+  // RunMap maps from fields that start each run to the number of fields in that
+  // run.  This is optimized for the common case that there are very few runs in
+  // a message and that most of the eligible fields appear together.
+  typedef hash_map<const FieldDescriptor*, size_t> RunMap;
+  RunMap runs;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < optimized_order_.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = optimized_order_[i];
+    // TODO(ckennelly):  Scalar messages (raw pointers) can be initialized by
+    // zero as well.
+    if (CanInitializeByZeroing(field)) {
+      if (last_start == NULL) {
+        last_start = field;
+      }
+
+      runs[last_start]++;
+    } else {
+      last_start = NULL;
     }
   }
 
-  if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));\n");
+  for (int i = 0; i < optimized_order_.size(); ++i) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = optimized_order_[i];
+    RunMap::const_iterator it = runs.find(field);
+
+    // We only apply the memset technique to runs of more than one field, as
+    // assignment is better than memset for generated code clarity.
+    if (it != runs.end() && it->second > 1) {
+      // Use a memset, then skip run_length fields.
+      const size_t run_length = it->second;
+      const string first_field_name = FieldName(field);
+      const string last_field_name =
+          FieldName(optimized_order_[i + run_length - 1]);
+
+      printer->Print(
+        "::memset(&$first$_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&$last$_) -\n"
+        "  reinterpret_cast<char*>(&$first$_) + sizeof($last$_));\n",
+        "first", first_field_name,
+        "last", last_field_name);
+
+      i += run_length - 1;
+      // ++i at the top of the loop.
+    } else {
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateConstructorCode(printer);
+    }
   }
 
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->oneof_decl_count(); i++) {
@@ -2000,6 +2092,10 @@ GenerateSharedConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
         "oneof_name", descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name());
   }
 
+  if (need_to_clear_cached_size) {
+    printer->Print("_cached_size_ = 0;\n");
+  }
+
   printer->Outdent();
   printer->Print("}\n\n");
 }
@@ -2013,7 +2109,8 @@ GenerateSharedDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
     // Do nothing when the message is allocated in an arena.
     printer->Print(
-      "if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {\n"
+      "::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();\n"
+      "if (arena != NULL) {\n"
       "  return;\n"
       "}\n"
       "\n");
@@ -2026,7 +2123,7 @@ GenerateSharedDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
       printer->Print(
           "_unknown_fields_.Destroy(\n"
           "    &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),\n"
-          "    GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+          "    arena);\n");
     } else {
       printer->Print(
           "_unknown_fields_.DestroyNoArena(\n"
@@ -2035,11 +2132,10 @@ GenerateSharedDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
 
   // Write the destructors for each field except oneof members.
-  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
-    if (!descriptor_->field(i)->containing_oneof()) {
-      field_generators_.get(descriptor_->field(i))
-                       .GenerateDestructorCode(printer);
-    }
+  // optimized_order_ does not contain oneof fields.
+  for (int i = 0; i < optimized_order_.size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = optimized_order_[i];
+    field_generators_.get(field).GenerateDestructorCode(printer);
   }
 
   // Generate code to destruct oneofs. Clearing should do the work.
@@ -2051,13 +2147,6 @@ GenerateSharedDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
         "oneof_name", descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->name());
   }
 
-  PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-      descriptor_->file(), options_, printer,
-      // With static initializers.
-      "if (this != default_instance_) {\n",
-      // Without.
-      "if (this != &default_instance()) {\n");
-
   // We need to delete all embedded messages.
   // TODO(kenton):  If we make unset messages point at default instances
   //   instead of NULL, then it would make sense to move this code into
@@ -2069,16 +2158,13 @@ GenerateSharedDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) {
         field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
       // Skip oneof members
       if (!field->containing_oneof()) {
-        printer->Print(
-            "  delete $name$_;\n",
-            "name", FieldName(field));
+        printer->Print("delete $name$_;\n", "name", FieldName(field));
       }
     }
   }
 
   printer->Outdent();
   printer->Print(
-    "  }\n"
     "}\n"
     "\n");
 }
@@ -2151,16 +2237,18 @@ GenerateStructors(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
 
   // Initialize member variables with arena constructor.
-  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
-    bool has_arena_constructor = descriptor_->field(i)->is_repeated();
+  for (int i = 0; i < optimized_order_.size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = optimized_order_[i];
+
+    bool has_arena_constructor = field->is_repeated();
     if (has_arena_constructor) {
       initializer_with_arena += string(",\n  ") +
-          FieldName(descriptor_->field(i)) + string("_(arena)");
+          FieldName(field) + string("_(arena)");
     }
   }
 
   if (IsAnyMessage(descriptor_)) {
-    initializer_with_arena += ",\n  _any_metadata_(&type_url, &value_)";
+    initializer_with_arena += ",\n  _any_metadata_(&type_url_, &value_)";
   }
 
   string initializer_null;
@@ -2173,27 +2261,31 @@ GenerateStructors(io::Printer* printer) {
   printer->Print(
       "$classname$::$classname$()\n"
       "  : $superclass$()$initializer$ {\n"
+      "  if (this != internal_default_instance()) $initdefaultsname$();\n"
       "  SharedCtor();\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n",
-      "classname", classname_,
-      "superclass", superclass,
-      "full_name", descriptor_->full_name(),
-      "initializer", initializer_null);
+      "classname", classname_, "superclass", superclass, "full_name",
+      descriptor_->full_name(), "initializer", initializer_null,
+      "initdefaultsname", GlobalInitDefaultsName(descriptor_->file()->name()));
 
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
     printer->Print(
-        "\n"
         "$classname$::$classname$(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)\n"
         "  : $initializer$ {\n"
+        // When arenas are used it's safe to assume we have finished
+        // static init time (protos with arenas are unsafe during static init)
+        "#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER\n"
+        "  $initdefaultsname$();\n"
+        "#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER\n"
         "  SharedCtor();\n"
         "  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);\n"
         "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:$full_name$)\n"
         "}\n",
-        "initializer", initializer_with_arena,
-        "classname", classname_,
-        "superclass", superclass,
-        "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
+        "initializer", initializer_with_arena, "classname", classname_,
+        "superclass", superclass, "full_name", descriptor_->full_name(),
+        "initdefaultsname",
+        GlobalInitDefaultsName(descriptor_->file()->name()));
   }
 
   printer->Print(
@@ -2201,11 +2293,6 @@ GenerateStructors(io::Printer* printer) {
     "void $classname$::InitAsDefaultInstance() {\n",
     "classname", classname_);
 
-  if (!HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
-    printer->Print(
-      "  _is_default_instance_ = true;\n");
-  }
-
   // The default instance needs all of its embedded message pointers
   // cross-linked to other default instances.  We can't do this initialization
   // in the constructor because some other default instances may not have been
@@ -2224,11 +2311,7 @@ GenerateStructors(io::Printer* printer) {
         name = classname_ + "_default_oneof_instance_->";
       }
       name += FieldName(field);
-      PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-          descriptor_->file(), options_, printer,
-          // With static initializers.
-          "  $name$_ = const_cast< $type$*>(&$type$::default_instance());\n",
-          // Without.
+      printer->Print(
           "  $name$_ = const_cast< $type$*>(\n"
           "      $type$::internal_default_instance());\n",
           // Vars.
@@ -2262,7 +2345,7 @@ GenerateStructors(io::Printer* printer) {
   printer->Print(" {\n");
   printer->Print(
     "  SharedCtor();\n"
-    "  MergeFrom(from);\n"
+    "  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
     "\n",
@@ -2304,37 +2387,29 @@ GenerateStructors(io::Printer* printer) {
   if (HasDescriptorMethods(descriptor_->file(), options_) &&
       !descriptor_->options().no_standard_descriptor_accessor()) {
     printer->Print(
-      "const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* $classname$::descriptor() {\n"
-      "  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();\n"
-      "  return $classname$_descriptor_;\n"
-      "}\n"
-      "\n",
-      "classname", classname_,
-      "adddescriptorsname",
-      GlobalAddDescriptorsName(descriptor_->file()->name()));
+        "const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* $classname$::descriptor() {\n"
+        "  protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();\n"
+        "  return $classname$_descriptor_;\n"
+        "}\n"
+        "\n",
+        "classname", classname_, "initdefaultsname",
+        GlobalInitDefaultsName(descriptor_->file()->name()));
   }
 
   printer->Print(
-    "const $classname$& $classname$::default_instance() {\n",
-    "classname", classname_);
-
-  PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-      descriptor_->file(), options_, printer,
-      // With static initializers.
-      "  if (default_instance_ == NULL) $adddescriptorsname$();\n",
-      // Without.
-      "  $adddescriptorsname$();\n",
-      // Vars.
-      "adddescriptorsname",
-      GlobalAddDescriptorsName(descriptor_->file()->name()));
+      "const $classname$& $classname$::default_instance() {\n"
+      "  $initdefaultsname$();\n"
+      "  return *internal_default_instance();\n"
+      "}\n",
+      "classname", classname_, "initdefaultsname",
+      GlobalInitDefaultsName(descriptor_->file()->name()));
 
   printer->Print(
-    "  return *default_instance_;\n"
-    "}\n"
-    "\n"
-    "$classname$* $classname$::default_instance_ = NULL;\n"
-    "\n",
-    "classname", classname_);
+      "\n"
+      "::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<$classname$> "
+      "$classname$::default_instance_;\n"
+      "\n",
+      "classname", classname_);
 
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
     printer->Print(
@@ -2463,7 +2538,7 @@ GenerateClear(io::Printer* printer) {
       int count = popcnt(mask);
       GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(count, 1);
       if (count == 1 ||
-          (count <= 4 && count == memset_field_count_for_chunk[i / 8])) {
+          count == memset_field_count_for_chunk[i / 8]) {
         // No "if" here because the chunk is trivial.
       } else {
         if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
@@ -2540,8 +2615,7 @@ GenerateClear(io::Printer* printer) {
 
   if (HasFieldPresence(descriptor_->file())) {
     // Step 5: Everything else.
-    printer->Print(
-      "::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));\n");
+    printer->Print("_has_bits_.Clear();\n");
   }
 
   if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
@@ -2584,7 +2658,7 @@ GenerateOneofClear(io::Printer* printer) {
                    "$full_name$)\n");
     printer->Indent();
     printer->Print(oneof_vars,
-        "switch($oneofname$_case()) {\n");
+        "switch ($oneofname$_case()) {\n");
     printer->Indent();
     for (int j = 0; j < descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field_count(); j++) {
       const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->oneof_decl(i)->field(j);
@@ -2639,7 +2713,7 @@ GenerateSwap(io::Printer* printer) {
         "    InternalSwap(other);\n"
         "  } else {\n"
         "    $classname$ temp;\n"
-        "    temp.MergeFrom(*this);\n"
+        "    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);\n"
         "    CopyFrom(*other);\n"
         "    other->CopyFrom(temp);\n"
         "  }\n"
@@ -2715,9 +2789,7 @@ GenerateMergeFrom(io::Printer* printer) {
         "void $classname$::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {\n"
         "// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:"
         "$full_name$)\n"
-        "  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {\n"
-        "    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);\n"
-        "  }\n",
+        "  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);\n",
         "classname", classname_, "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
     printer->Indent();
 
@@ -2726,7 +2798,7 @@ GenerateMergeFrom(io::Printer* printer) {
     // system, as the GOOGLE_CHECK above ensured that we have the same descriptor
     // for each message.
     printer->Print(
-      "const $classname$* source = \n"
+      "const $classname$* source =\n"
       "    ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const $classname$>(\n"
       "        &from);\n"
       "if (source == NULL) {\n"
@@ -2736,7 +2808,7 @@ GenerateMergeFrom(io::Printer* printer) {
       "} else {\n"
       "// @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:"
       "$full_name$)\n"
-      "  MergeFrom(*source);\n"
+      "  UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);\n"
       "}\n",
       "classname", classname_, "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
 
@@ -2758,9 +2830,15 @@ GenerateMergeFrom(io::Printer* printer) {
       "void $classname$::MergeFrom(const $classname$& from) {\n"
       "// @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:"
       "$full_name$)\n"
-      "  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {\n"
-      "    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);\n"
-      "  }\n",
+      "  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {\n"
+      "    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);\n"
+      "  } else {\n"
+      "    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);\n"
+      "  }\n"
+      "}\n"
+      "\n"
+      "void $classname$::UnsafeMergeFrom(const $classname$& from) {\n"
+      "  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);\n",
       "classname", classname_, "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
   printer->Indent();
 
@@ -2770,7 +2848,7 @@ GenerateMergeFrom(io::Printer* printer) {
     const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
 
     if (field->is_repeated()) {
-      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateMergingCode(printer);
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateUnsafeMergingCode(printer);
     }
   }
 
@@ -2865,7 +2943,8 @@ GenerateMergeFrom(io::Printer* printer) {
     if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
       printer->Print(
         "if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {\n"
-        "  mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());\n"
+        "  ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(\n"
+        "    from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);\n"
         "}\n");
     } else {
       printer->Print(
@@ -2911,7 +2990,7 @@ GenerateCopyFrom(io::Printer* printer) {
   printer->Print(
     "if (&from == this) return;\n"
     "Clear();\n"
-    "MergeFrom(from);\n");
+    "UnsafeMergeFrom(from);\n");
 
   printer->Outdent();
   printer->Print("}\n");
@@ -2926,13 +3005,9 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
       "    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {\n",
       "classname", classname_);
 
-    PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-        descriptor_->file(), options_, printer,
-        // With static initializers.
-        "  return _extensions_.ParseMessageSet(input, default_instance_,\n"
-        "                                      mutable_unknown_fields());\n",
-        // Without.
-        "  return _extensions_.ParseMessageSet(input, &default_instance(),\n"
+    printer->Print(
+        "  return _extensions_.ParseMessageSet(input, "
+        "internal_default_instance(),\n"
         "                                      mutable_unknown_fields());\n",
         // Vars.
         "classname", classname_);
@@ -2971,8 +3046,8 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
   printer->Print("for (;;) {\n");
   printer->Indent();
 
-  google::protobuf::scoped_array<const FieldDescriptor * > ordered_fields(
-      SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_));
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> ordered_fields =
+      SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_);
   uint32 maxtag = descriptor_->field_count() == 0 ? 0 :
       WireFormat::MakeTag(ordered_fields[descriptor_->field_count() - 1]);
   const int kCutoff0 = 127;               // fits in 1-byte varint
@@ -3000,7 +3075,7 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
 
     // Find repeated messages and groups now, to simplify what follows.
     hash_set<int> fields_with_parse_loop;
-    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < ordered_fields.size(); i++) {
       const FieldDescriptor* field = ordered_fields[i];
       if (field->is_repeated() &&
           (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE ||
@@ -3012,7 +3087,13 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
     // need_label is true if we generated "goto parse_$name$" while handling the
     // previous field.
     bool need_label = false;
-    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
+    // Pay attention to whether we are in a run of fields from the same oneof.
+    // Motivation: it would be unusual to parse multiple values for a single
+    // oneof, since only the last would be used.
+    const FieldDescriptor* last_of_current_oneof = NULL;
+    // The following is valid iff last_of_current_oneof is non-NULL.
+    int index_of_last_of_current_oneof = -1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < ordered_fields.size(); i++) {
       const FieldDescriptor* field = ordered_fields[i];
       const bool loops = fields_with_parse_loop.count(i) > 0;
       const bool next_field_loops = fields_with_parse_loop.count(i + 1) > 0;
@@ -3111,21 +3192,53 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
           "input->UnsafeDecrementRecursionDepth();\n");
       }
 
-      // If there are more fields, expect the next one.
+      // If there are more fields, expect the next one, unless we just parsed
+      // a oneof and the next field would be from the same oneof.  (There's no
+      // reason to expect something that makes what we just read irrelevant,
+      // so guess something after the current string of fields from this oneof.)
       need_label = false;
       if (!emitted_goto_next_tag) {
-        if (i + 1 == descriptor_->field_count()) {
+        // delta is the distance in ordered_fields[] from the current field to
+        // the field we'll guess is next.
+        int delta = last_of_current_oneof == NULL
+                        ? 1
+                        : std::max(index_of_last_of_current_oneof - i, 1);
+        if (i == index_of_last_of_current_oneof) {
+          printer->Outdent();
+          printer->Print(
+            " after_$last$:\n",
+            "last", FieldName(last_of_current_oneof));
+          printer->Indent();
+          last_of_current_oneof = NULL;
+        } else if (last_of_current_oneof == NULL) {
+          delta = 1;
+          // Check for the unlikely case that delta > 1 is better.
+          if (field->containing_oneof() != NULL) {
+            while (i + delta < ordered_fields.size() &&
+                   ordered_fields[i + delta]->containing_oneof() ==
+                       field->containing_oneof()) {
+              index_of_last_of_current_oneof = i + delta;
+              last_of_current_oneof = ordered_fields[i + delta];
+              ++delta;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (delta > 1) {
+          printer->Print(
+            "goto after_$last$;\n",
+            "last", FieldName(last_of_current_oneof));
+        } else if (i + delta == descriptor_->field_count()) {
           // Expect EOF.
           // TODO(kenton):  Expect group end-tag?
           printer->Print(
             "if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;\n");
         } else {
-          const FieldDescriptor* next_field = ordered_fields[i + 1];
+          const FieldDescriptor* next_field = ordered_fields[i + delta];
           printer->Print(
             "if (input->ExpectTag($next_tag$)) goto parse_$next_name$;\n",
             "next_tag", SimpleItoa(WireFormat::MakeTag(next_field)),
             "next_name", next_field->name());
-          need_label = true;
+          need_label = delta == 1;
         }
       }
 
@@ -3179,31 +3292,21 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
     printer->Print(") {\n");
     if (PreserveUnknownFields(descriptor_)) {
       if (UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_)) {
-        PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-            descriptor_->file(), options_, printer,
-            // With static initializers.
-            "  DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, default_instance_,\n"
-            "                              mutable_unknown_fields()));\n",
-            // Without.
-            "  DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, &default_instance(),\n"
+        printer->Print(
+            "  DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, "
+            "internal_default_instance(),\n"
             "                              mutable_unknown_fields()));\n");
       } else {
-        PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-            descriptor_->file(), options_, printer,
-            // With static initializers.
-            "  DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, default_instance_,\n"
-            "                              &unknown_fields_stream));\n",
-            // Without.
-            "  DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, &default_instance(),\n"
+        printer->Print(
+            "  DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, "
+            "internal_default_instance(),\n"
             "                              &unknown_fields_stream));\n");
       }
     } else {
-      PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-          descriptor_->file(), options_, printer,
+      printer->Print(
           // With static initializers.
-          "  DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, default_instance_);\n",
-          // Without.
-          "  DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, &default_instance());\n");
+          "  DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, "
+          "internal_default_instance());\n");
     }
     printer->Print(
       "  continue;\n"
@@ -3248,6 +3351,43 @@ GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) {
     "}\n", "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
 }
 
+void MessageGenerator::GenerateSerializeOneofFields(
+    io::Printer* printer, const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields,
+    bool to_array) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!fields.empty());
+  if (fields.size() == 1) {
+    GenerateSerializeOneField(printer, fields[0], to_array);
+    return;
+  }
+  // We have multiple mutually exclusive choices.  Emit a switch statement.
+  const OneofDescriptor* oneof = fields[0]->containing_oneof();
+  printer->Print(
+    "switch ($oneofname$_case()) {\n",
+    "oneofname", oneof->name());
+  printer->Indent();
+  for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
+    const FieldDescriptor* field = fields[i];
+    printer->Print(
+      "case k$field_name$:\n",
+      "field_name", UnderscoresToCamelCase(field->name(), true));
+    printer->Indent();
+    if (to_array) {
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
+          printer);
+    } else {
+      field_generators_.get(field).GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizes(printer);
+    }
+    printer->Print(
+      "break;\n");
+    printer->Outdent();
+  }
+  printer->Outdent();
+  // Doing nothing is an option.
+  printer->Print(
+    "  default: ;\n"
+    "}\n");
+}
+
 void MessageGenerator::GenerateSerializeOneField(
     io::Printer* printer, const FieldDescriptor* field, bool to_array) {
   PrintFieldComment(printer, field);
@@ -3382,10 +3522,61 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) {
 
 void MessageGenerator::
 GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesBody(io::Printer* printer, bool to_array) {
-  google::protobuf::scoped_array<const FieldDescriptor * > ordered_fields(
-      SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_));
+  // If there are multiple fields in a row from the same oneof then we
+  // coalesce them and emit a switch statement.  This is more efficient
+  // because it lets the C++ compiler know this is a "at most one can happen"
+  // situation. If we emitted "if (has_x()) ...; if (has_y()) ..." the C++
+  // compiler's emitted code might check has_y() even when has_x() is true.
+  class LazySerializerEmitter {
+   public:
+    LazySerializerEmitter(MessageGenerator* mg, io::Printer* printer,
+                          bool to_array)
+        : mg_(mg),
+          printer_(printer),
+          to_array_(to_array),
+          eager_(!HasFieldPresence(mg->descriptor_->file())) {}
+
+    ~LazySerializerEmitter() { Flush(); }
+
+    // If conditions allow, try to accumulate a run of fields from the same
+    // oneof, and handle them at the next Flush().
+    void Emit(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+      if (eager_ || MustFlush(field)) {
+        Flush();
+      }
+      if (field->containing_oneof() == NULL) {
+        mg_->GenerateSerializeOneField(printer_, field, to_array_);
+      } else {
+        v_.push_back(field);
+      }
+    }
 
-  vector<const Descriptor::ExtensionRange*> sorted_extensions;
+    void Flush() {
+      if (!v_.empty()) {
+        mg_->GenerateSerializeOneofFields(printer_, v_, to_array_);
+        v_.clear();
+      }
+    }
+
+   private:
+    // If we have multiple fields in v_ then they all must be from the same
+    // oneof.  Would adding field to v_ break that invariant?
+    bool MustFlush(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+      return !v_.empty() &&
+             v_[0]->containing_oneof() != field->containing_oneof();
+    }
+
+    MessageGenerator* mg_;
+    io::Printer* printer_;
+    const bool to_array_;
+    const bool eager_;
+    vector<const FieldDescriptor*> v_;
+  };
+
+  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> ordered_fields =
+      SortFieldsByNumber(descriptor_);
+
+  std::vector<const Descriptor::ExtensionRange*> sorted_extensions;
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->extension_range_count(); ++i) {
     sorted_extensions.push_back(descriptor_->extension_range(i));
   }
@@ -3393,22 +3584,26 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesBody(io::Printer* printer, bool to_array) {
             ExtensionRangeSorter());
 
   // Merge the fields and the extension ranges, both sorted by field number.
-  int i, j;
-  for (i = 0, j = 0;
-       i < descriptor_->field_count() || j < sorted_extensions.size();
-       ) {
-    if (i == descriptor_->field_count()) {
-      GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(printer,
-                                         sorted_extensions[j++],
-                                         to_array);
-    } else if (j == sorted_extensions.size()) {
-      GenerateSerializeOneField(printer, ordered_fields[i++], to_array);
-    } else if (ordered_fields[i]->number() < sorted_extensions[j]->start) {
-      GenerateSerializeOneField(printer, ordered_fields[i++], to_array);
-    } else {
-      GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(printer,
-                                         sorted_extensions[j++],
-                                         to_array);
+  {
+    LazySerializerEmitter e(this, printer, to_array);
+    int i, j;
+    for (i = 0, j = 0;
+         i < ordered_fields.size() || j < sorted_extensions.size();) {
+      if (i == descriptor_->field_count()) {
+        e.Flush();
+        GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(printer,
+                                           sorted_extensions[j++],
+                                           to_array);
+      } else if (j == sorted_extensions.size()) {
+        e.Emit(ordered_fields[i++]);
+      } else if (ordered_fields[i]->number() < sorted_extensions[j]->start) {
+        e.Emit(ordered_fields[i++]);
+      } else {
+        e.Flush();
+        GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(printer,
+                                           sorted_extensions[j++],
+                                           to_array);
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -3480,9 +3675,9 @@ GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) {
   if (descriptor_->options().message_set_wire_format()) {
     // Special-case MessageSet.
     printer->Print(
-        "int $classname$::ByteSize() const {\n"
+        "size_t $classname$::ByteSizeLong() const {\n"
         "// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_set_byte_size_start:$full_name$)\n"
-        "  int total_size = _extensions_.MessageSetByteSize();\n",
+        "  size_t total_size = _extensions_.MessageSetByteSize();\n",
         "classname", classname_, "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
     GOOGLE_CHECK(UseUnknownFieldSet(descriptor_->file(), options_));
     printer->Print(
@@ -3491,8 +3686,9 @@ GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) {
       "      ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(unknown_fields());\n"
       "}\n");
     printer->Print(
+      "  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);\n"
       "  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();\n"
-      "  _cached_size_ = total_size;\n"
+      "  _cached_size_ = cached_size;\n"
       "  GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();\n"
       "  return total_size;\n"
       "}\n");
@@ -3503,12 +3699,12 @@ GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) {
     // Emit a function (rarely used, we hope) that handles the required fields
     // by checking for each one individually.
     printer->Print(
-        "int $classname$::RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const {\n"
+        "size_t $classname$::RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const {\n"
         "// @@protoc_insertion_point(required_fields_byte_size_fallback_start:"
         "$full_name$)\n",
         "classname", classname_, "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
     printer->Indent();
-    printer->Print("int total_size = 0;\n");
+    printer->Print("size_t total_size = 0;\n");
     for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
       const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
       if (field->is_required()) {
@@ -3529,12 +3725,12 @@ GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
 
   printer->Print(
-      "int $classname$::ByteSize() const {\n"
+      "size_t $classname$::ByteSizeLong() const {\n"
       "// @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:$full_name$)\n",
       "classname", classname_, "full_name", descriptor_->full_name());
   printer->Indent();
   printer->Print(
-    "int total_size = 0;\n"
+    "size_t total_size = 0;\n"
     "\n");
 
   // Handle required fields (if any).  We expect all of them to be
@@ -3727,8 +3923,9 @@ GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) {
   // exact same value, it works on all common processors.  In a future version
   // of C++, _cached_size_ should be made into an atomic<int>.
   printer->Print(
+    "int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);\n"
     "GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();\n"
-    "_cached_size_ = total_size;\n"
+    "_cached_size_ = cached_size;\n"
     "GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();\n"
     "return total_size;\n");
 
@@ -3804,7 +4001,9 @@ GenerateIsInitialized(io::Printer* printer) {
   if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
     printer->Print(
       "\n"
-      "if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) return false;\n");
+      "if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {\n"
+      "  return false;\n"
+      "}\n");
   }
 
   printer->Outdent();
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h
index b1e3fe21..3bdc0ed3 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message.h
@@ -165,6 +165,11 @@ class MessageGenerator {
   void GenerateSerializeOneField(io::Printer* printer,
                                  const FieldDescriptor* field,
                                  bool unbounded);
+  // Generate a switch statement to serialize 2+ fields from the same oneof.
+  // Or, if fields.size() == 1, just call GenerateSerializeOneField().
+  void GenerateSerializeOneofFields(
+      io::Printer* printer, const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields,
+      bool to_array);
   void GenerateSerializeOneExtensionRange(
       io::Printer* printer, const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range,
       bool unbounded);
@@ -189,6 +194,11 @@ class MessageGenerator {
   string classname_;
   Options options_;
   FieldGeneratorMap field_generators_;
+  // optimized_order_ is the order we layout the message's fields in the class.
+  // This is reused to initialize the fields in-order for cache efficiency.
+  //
+  // optimized_order_ excludes oneof fields.
+  vector<const FieldDescriptor *> optimized_order_;
   vector< vector<string> > runs_of_fields_;  // that might be trivially cleared
   google::protobuf::scoped_array<google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<MessageGenerator> > nested_generators_;
   google::protobuf::scoped_array<google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<EnumGenerator> > enum_generators_;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc
index d021035d..ca7bae02 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_message_field.cc
@@ -161,8 +161,7 @@ void MessageFieldGenerator::GenerateNonInlineAccessorDefinitions(
       "  if ($name$_ == NULL) {\n"
       "    return NULL;\n"
       "  } else {\n"
-      "    $type$* temp = new $type$;\n"
-      "    temp->MergeFrom(*$name$_);\n"
+      "    $type$* temp = new $type$(*$name$_);\n"
       "    $name$_ = NULL;\n"
       "    return temp;\n"
       "  }\n"
@@ -346,23 +345,29 @@ GenerateDependentInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void MessageFieldGenerator::
 GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
                                   bool is_inline) const {
+  if (dependent_field_) {
+    // for dependent fields we cannot access its internal_default_instance,
+    // because the type is incomplete.
+    // TODO(gerbens) deprecate dependent base class.
+    map<string, string> variables(variables_);
+    variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
+    printer->Print(variables,
+      "$inline$const $type$& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+      "  return $name$_ != NULL ? *$name$_\n"
+      "                         : *internal_default_instance()->$name$_;\n"
+      "}\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
   map<string, string> variables(variables_);
   variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
   printer->Print(variables,
     "$inline$const $type$& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
-    "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n");
-
-  PrintHandlingOptionalStaticInitializers(
-      variables, descriptor_->file(), options_, printer,
-      // With static initializers.
-      "  return $name$_ != NULL ? *$name$_ : *default_instance_->$name$_;\n",
-      // Without.
-      "  return $name$_ != NULL ? *$name$_ : *default_instance().$name$_;\n");
-  printer->Print(variables, "}\n");
-
-  if (dependent_field_) {
-    return;
-  }
+    "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
+    "  return $name$_ != NULL ? *$name$_\n"
+    "                         : *$type$::internal_default_instance();\n"
+    "}\n");
 
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
     printer->Print(variables,
@@ -663,8 +668,8 @@ InternalGenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(const map<string, string>& variables,
       "    if ($this_message$GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {\n"
       // N.B.: safe to use the underlying field pointer here because we are sure
       // that it is non-NULL (because has_$name$() returned true).
-      "      $dependent_typename$* temp = new $dependent_typename$;\n"
-      "      temp->MergeFrom(*$field_member$);\n"
+      "      $dependent_typename$* temp = "
+      "new $dependent_typename$(*$field_member$);\n"
       "      $field_member$ = NULL;\n"
       "      return temp;\n"
       "    } else {\n"
@@ -1041,12 +1046,18 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void RepeatedMessageFieldGenerator::
 GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "total_size += $tag_size$ * this->$name$_size();\n"
-    "for (int i = 0; i < this->$name$_size(); i++) {\n"
+    "{\n"
+    "  unsigned int count = this->$name$_size();\n");
+  printer->Indent();
+  printer->Print(variables_,
+    "total_size += $tag_size$UL * count;\n"
+    "for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n"
     "  total_size +=\n"
     "    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::$declared_type$SizeNoVirtual(\n"
     "      this->$name$(i));\n"
     "}\n");
+  printer->Outdent();
+  printer->Print("}\n");
 }
 
 }  // namespace cpp
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc
index 650f0381..54b3d24a 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.cc
@@ -123,13 +123,13 @@ GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::
 GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline) const {
   map<string, string> variables(variables_);
-  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
   printer->Print(variables,
-    "$inline$ $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+    "$inline$$type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_;\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
     "  $set_hasbit$\n"
     "  $name$_ = value;\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
@@ -159,10 +159,10 @@ GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::
 GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
+    "$set_hasbit$\n"
     "DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<\n"
     "         $type$, $wire_format_field_type$>(\n"
-    "       input, &$name$_)));\n"
-    "$set_hasbit$\n");
+    "       input, &$name$_)));\n");
 }
 
 void PrimitiveFieldGenerator::
@@ -207,16 +207,16 @@ PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::~PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator() {}
 void PrimitiveOneofFieldGenerator::
 GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline) const {
   map<string, string> variables(variables_);
-  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
   printer->Print(variables,
-    "$inline$ $type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+    "$inline$$type$ $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
     "    return $oneof_prefix$$name$_;\n"
     "  }\n"
     "  return $default$;\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
     "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
     "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
     "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -298,27 +298,27 @@ GenerateAccessorDeclarations(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::
 GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer, bool is_inline) const {
   map<string, string> variables(variables_);
-  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
   printer->Print(variables,
-    "$inline$ $type$ $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
+    "$inline$$type$ $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_.Get(index);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, $type$ value) {\n"
+    "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, $type$ value) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Set(index, value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void $classname$::add_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
+    "$inline$void $classname$::add_$name$($type$ value) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Add(value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n");
   printer->Print(variables,
-    "$inline$ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ >&\n"
+    "$inline$const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ >&\n"
     "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_;\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ >*\n"
+    "$inline$::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< $type$ >*\n"
     "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return &$name$_;\n"
@@ -336,6 +336,11 @@ GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
 }
 
 void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::
+GenerateUnsafeMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::
 GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->$name$_);\n");
 }
@@ -420,18 +425,19 @@ void RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator::
 GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
     "{\n"
-    "  int data_size = 0;\n");
+    "  size_t data_size = 0;\n"
+    "  unsigned int count = this->$name$_size();\n");
   printer->Indent();
   int fixed_size = FixedSize(descriptor_->type());
   if (fixed_size == -1) {
     printer->Print(variables_,
-      "for (int i = 0; i < this->$name$_size(); i++) {\n"
+      "for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {\n"
       "  data_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::\n"
       "    $declared_type$Size(this->$name$(i));\n"
       "}\n");
   } else {
     printer->Print(variables_,
-      "data_size = $fixed_size$ * this->$name$_size();\n");
+      "data_size = $fixed_size$UL * count;\n");
   }
 
   if (descriptor_->is_packed()) {
@@ -440,13 +446,16 @@ GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "  total_size += $tag_size$ +\n"
       "    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(data_size);\n"
       "}\n"
+      "int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(data_size);\n"
       "GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();\n"
-      "_$name$_cached_byte_size_ = data_size;\n"
+      "_$name$_cached_byte_size_ = cached_size;\n"
       "GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();\n"
       "total_size += data_size;\n");
   } else {
     printer->Print(variables_,
-      "total_size += $tag_size$ * this->$name$_size() + data_size;\n");
+      "total_size += $tag_size$ *\n"
+      "              ::google::protobuf::internal::FromIntSize(this->$name$_size());\n"
+      "total_size += data_size;\n");
   }
   printer->Outdent();
   printer->Print("}\n");
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h
index 655ebde4..23cc697e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_primitive_field.h
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ class RepeatedPrimitiveFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
                                          bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  virtual void GenerateUnsafeMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) const;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc
index 1d743457..aee3d1ea 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.cc
@@ -166,25 +166,25 @@ void StringFieldGenerator::
 GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
                                   bool is_inline) const {
   map<string, string> variables(variables_);
-  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
     printer->Print(variables,
-      "$inline$ const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$inline$const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $name$_.Get($default_variable$);\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  $name$_.Set($default_variable$, value, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  $name$_.Set($default_variable$, $string_piece$(value),\n"
       "              GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ "
+      "$inline$"
       "void $classname$::set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value,\n"
       "    size_t size) {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
@@ -192,24 +192,24 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $name$_.Mutable($default_variable$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:$full_name$)\n"
       "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
       "  return $name$_.Release($default_variable$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$::std::string* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:$full_name$)\n"
       "  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);\n"
       "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
       "  return $name$_.UnsafeArenaRelease($default_variable$,\n"
       "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
       "  if ($name$ != NULL) {\n"
       "    $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  } else {\n"
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$(\n"
       "    ::std::string* $name$) {\n"
       "  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);\n"
       "  if ($name$ != NULL) {\n"
@@ -235,21 +235,21 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
   } else {
     // No-arena case.
     printer->Print(variables,
-      "$inline$ const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$inline$const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $name$_.GetNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  $name$_.SetNoArena($default_variable$, value);\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  $name$_.SetNoArena($default_variable$, $string_piece$(value));\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ "
+      "$inline$"
       "void $classname$::set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, "
       "size_t size) {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
@@ -257,17 +257,17 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "      $string_piece$(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $name$_.MutableNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:$full_name$)\n"
       "  $clear_hasbit$\n"
       "  return $name$_.ReleaseNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
       "  if ($name$ != NULL) {\n"
       "    $set_hasbit$\n"
       "  } else {\n"
@@ -339,8 +339,10 @@ GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void StringFieldGenerator::
 GenerateDestructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
+    // The variable |arena| is defined by the enclosing code.
+    // See MessageGenerator::GenerateSharedDestructorCode.
     printer->Print(variables_,
-      "$name$_.Destroy($default_variable$, GetArenaNoVirtual());\n");
+      "$name$_.Destroy($default_variable$, arena);\n");
   } else {
     printer->Print(variables_,
       "$name$_.DestroyNoArena($default_variable$);\n");
@@ -426,17 +428,17 @@ void StringOneofFieldGenerator::
 GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
                                   bool is_inline) const {
   map<string, string> variables(variables_);
-  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
   if (SupportsArenas(descriptor_)) {
     printer->Print(variables,
-      "$inline$ const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$inline$const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    return $oneof_prefix$$name$_.Get($default_variable$);\n"
       "  }\n"
       "  return *$default_variable$;\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -446,7 +448,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -456,7 +458,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "      $string_piece$(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ "
+      "$inline$"
       "void $classname$::set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value,\n"
       "                             size_t size) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
@@ -469,7 +471,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -479,7 +481,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "      GetArenaNoVirtual());\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:$full_name$)\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
@@ -489,7 +491,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "    return NULL;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$::std::string* $classname$::unsafe_arena_release_$name$() {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:$full_name$)\n"
       "  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
@@ -500,7 +502,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "    return NULL;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    $oneof_prefix$$name$_.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
       "  }\n"
@@ -512,7 +514,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "  }\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$("
+      "$inline$void $classname$::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_$name$("
       "::std::string* $name$) {\n"
       "  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
@@ -530,14 +532,14 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
   } else {
     // No-arena case.
     printer->Print(variables,
-      "$inline$ const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
+      "$inline$const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$() const {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    return $oneof_prefix$$name$_.GetNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
       "  }\n"
       "  return *$default_variable$;\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
@@ -547,7 +549,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "  $oneof_prefix$$name$_.SetNoArena($default_variable$, value);\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -557,7 +559,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "      $string_piece$(value));\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ "
+      "$inline$"
       "void $classname$::set_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
@@ -568,7 +570,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_$oneof_name$();\n"
       "    set_has_$name$();\n"
@@ -577,7 +579,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
       "  return $oneof_prefix$$name$_.MutableNoArena($default_variable$);\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
+      "$inline$::std::string* $classname$::$release_name$() {\n"
       "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:$full_name$)\n"
       "  if (has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    clear_has_$oneof_name$();\n"
@@ -586,7 +588,7 @@ GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
       "    return NULL;\n"
       "  }\n"
       "}\n"
-      "$inline$ void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
+      "$inline$void $classname$::set_allocated_$name$(::std::string* $name$) {\n"
       "  if (!has_$name$()) {\n"
       "    $oneof_prefix$$name$_.UnsafeSetDefault($default_variable$);\n"
       "  }\n"
@@ -732,55 +734,55 @@ void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::
 GenerateInlineAccessorDefinitions(io::Printer* printer,
                                   bool is_inline) const {
   map<string, string> variables(variables_);
-  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline" : "";
+  variables["inline"] = is_inline ? "inline " : "";
   printer->Print(variables,
-    "$inline$ const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
+    "$inline$const ::std::string& $classname$::$name$(int index) const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_.$cppget$(index);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$(int index) {\n"
+    "$inline$::std::string* $classname$::mutable_$name$(int index) {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_.Mutable(index);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, const ::std::string& value) {\n"
+    "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, const ::std::string& value) {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:$full_name$)\n"
     "  $name$_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, const char* value) {\n"
+    "$inline$void $classname$::set_$name$(int index, const char* value) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void "
+    "$inline$void "
     "$classname$::set_$name$"
     "(int index, const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Mutable(index)->assign(\n"
     "    reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ ::std::string* $classname$::add_$name$() {\n"
+    "$inline$::std::string* $classname$::add_$name$() {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_.Add();\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void $classname$::add_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
+    "$inline$void $classname$::add_$name$(const ::std::string& value) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Add()->assign(value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void $classname$::add_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
+    "$inline$void $classname$::add_$name$(const char* value) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Add()->assign(value);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ void "
+    "$inline$void "
     "$classname$::add_$name$(const $pointer_type$* value, size_t size) {\n"
     "  $name$_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:$full_name$)\n"
     "}\n");
   printer->Print(variables,
-    "$inline$ const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&\n"
+    "$inline$const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&\n"
     "$classname$::$name$() const {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return $name$_;\n"
     "}\n"
-    "$inline$ ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*\n"
+    "$inline$::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*\n"
     "$classname$::mutable_$name$() {\n"
     "  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:$full_name$)\n"
     "  return &$name$_;\n"
@@ -798,6 +800,11 @@ GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
 }
 
 void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::
+GenerateUnsafeMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
+  printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.$name$_);\n");
+}
+
+void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::
 GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_, "$name$_.UnsafeArenaSwap(&other->$name$_);\n");
 }
@@ -858,7 +865,8 @@ GenerateSerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(io::Printer* printer) const {
 void RepeatedStringFieldGenerator::
 GenerateByteSize(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(variables_,
-    "total_size += $tag_size$ * this->$name$_size();\n"
+    "total_size += $tag_size$ *\n"
+    "    ::google::protobuf::internal::FromIntSize(this->$name$_size());\n"
     "for (int i = 0; i < this->$name$_size(); i++) {\n"
     "  total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::$declared_type$Size(\n"
     "    this->$name$(i));\n"
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h
index cb4e8772..1dea7663 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_string_field.h
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ class RepeatedStringFieldGenerator : public FieldGenerator {
                                          bool is_inline) const;
   void GenerateClearingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
+  void GenerateUnsafeMergingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateSwappingCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateConstructorCode(io::Printer* printer) const;
   void GenerateMergeFromCodedStream(io::Printer* printer) const;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc
index b7b6039a..d214ef0a 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_unittest.cc
@@ -129,12 +129,12 @@ TEST(GeneratedDescriptorTest, IdenticalDescriptors) {
 
   // Test that descriptors are generated correctly by converting them to
   // FileDescriptorProtos and comparing.
-  FileDescriptorProto generated_decsriptor_proto, parsed_descriptor_proto;
-  generated_descriptor->CopyTo(&generated_decsriptor_proto);
+  FileDescriptorProto generated_descriptor_proto, parsed_descriptor_proto;
+  generated_descriptor->CopyTo(&generated_descriptor_proto);
   parsed_descriptor->CopyTo(&parsed_descriptor_proto);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(parsed_descriptor_proto.DebugString(),
-            generated_decsriptor_proto.DebugString());
+            generated_descriptor_proto.DebugString());
 }
 
 #if !defined(GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_CMAKE_BUILD) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc
index 5e387285..3cbc530e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_file.cc
@@ -189,8 +189,6 @@ void MaybeRestartJavaMethod(io::Printer* printer,
     *bytecode_estimate = 0;
   }
 }
-
-
 }  // namespace
 
 FileGenerator::FileGenerator(const FileDescriptor* file, const Options& options,
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc
index 16c5bec5..07aa3565 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field.cc
@@ -92,7 +92,11 @@ void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
   const JavaType valueJavaType = GetJavaType(value);
 
   (*variables)["key_type"] = TypeName(key, name_resolver, false);
-  (*variables)["boxed_key_type"] = TypeName(key, name_resolver, true);
+  string boxed_key_type = TypeName(key, name_resolver, true);
+  (*variables)["boxed_key_type"] = boxed_key_type;
+  // Used for calling the serialization function.
+  (*variables)["short_key_type"] =
+      boxed_key_type.substr(boxed_key_type.rfind('.') + 1);
   (*variables)["key_wire_type"] = WireType(key);
   (*variables)["key_default_value"] = DefaultValue(key, true, name_resolver);
   (*variables)["key_null_check"] = IsReferenceType(keyJavaType) ?
@@ -147,6 +151,7 @@ void SetMessageVariables(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor,
       name_resolver->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor->file()) +
       ".internal_" + UniqueFileScopeIdentifier(descriptor->message_type()) +
       "_descriptor, ";
+  (*variables)["ver"] = GeneratedCodeVersionSuffix();
 }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -661,21 +666,23 @@ GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
         variables_,
         "com.google.protobuf.ByteString bytes = input.readBytes();\n"
         "com.google.protobuf.MapEntry<$type_parameters$>\n"
-        "$name$ = $default_entry$.getParserForType().parseFrom(bytes);\n");
+        "$name$__ = $default_entry$.getParserForType().parseFrom(bytes);\n");
     printer->Print(
         variables_,
-        "if ($value_enum_type$.forNumber($name$.getValue()) == null) {\n"
+        "if ($value_enum_type$.forNumber($name$__.getValue()) == null) {\n"
         "  unknownFields.mergeLengthDelimitedField($number$, bytes);\n"
         "} else {\n"
-        "  $name$_.getMutableMap().put($name$.getKey(), $name$.getValue());\n"
+        "  $name$_.getMutableMap().put(\n"
+        "      $name$__.getKey(), $name$__.getValue());\n"
         "}\n");
   } else {
     printer->Print(
         variables_,
         "com.google.protobuf.MapEntry<$type_parameters$>\n"
-        "$name$ = input.readMessage(\n"
+        "$name$__ = input.readMessage(\n"
         "    $default_entry$.getParserForType(), extensionRegistry);\n"
-        "$name$_.getMutableMap().put($name$.getKey(), $name$.getValue());\n");
+        "$name$_.getMutableMap().put(\n"
+        "    $name$__.getKey(), $name$__.getValue());\n");
   }
 }
 
@@ -688,15 +695,12 @@ void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::
 GenerateSerializationCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
   printer->Print(
       variables_,
-      "for (java.util.Map.Entry<$type_parameters$> entry\n"
-      "     : internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap().entrySet()) {\n"
-      "  com.google.protobuf.MapEntry<$type_parameters$>\n"
-      "  $name$ = $default_entry$.newBuilderForType()\n"
-      "      .setKey(entry.getKey())\n"
-      "      .setValue(entry.getValue())\n"
-      "      .build();\n"
-      "  output.writeMessage($number$, $name$);\n"
-      "}\n");
+      "com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessage$ver$\n"
+      "  .serialize$short_key_type$MapTo(\n"
+      "    output,\n"
+      "    internalGet$capitalized_name$(),\n"
+      "    $default_entry$,\n"
+      "    $number$);\n");
 }
 
 void ImmutableMapFieldGenerator::
@@ -706,12 +710,12 @@ GenerateSerializedSizeCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
       "for (java.util.Map.Entry<$type_parameters$> entry\n"
       "     : internalGet$capitalized_name$().getMap().entrySet()) {\n"
       "  com.google.protobuf.MapEntry<$type_parameters$>\n"
-      "  $name$ = $default_entry$.newBuilderForType()\n"
+      "  $name$__ = $default_entry$.newBuilderForType()\n"
       "      .setKey(entry.getKey())\n"
       "      .setValue(entry.getValue())\n"
       "      .build();\n"
       "  size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream\n"
-      "      .computeMessageSize($number$, $name$);\n"
+      "      .computeMessageSize($number$, $name$__);\n"
       "}\n");
 }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc
index 0d3bea17..5f102e07 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_map_field_lite.cc
@@ -765,14 +765,14 @@ GenerateParsingCode(io::Printer* printer) const {
     printer->Print(
         variables_,
         "com.google.protobuf.ByteString bytes = input.readBytes();\n"
-        "java.util.Map.Entry<$type_parameters$> $name$ =\n"
+        "java.util.Map.Entry<$type_parameters$> $name$__ =\n"
         "    $default_entry$.parseEntry(bytes, extensionRegistry);\n");
     printer->Print(
         variables_,
-        "if ($value_enum_type$.forNumber($name$.getValue()) == null) {\n"
+        "if ($value_enum_type$.forNumber($name$__.getValue()) == null) {\n"
         "  super.mergeLengthDelimitedField($number$, bytes);\n"
         "} else {\n"
-        "  $name$_.put($name$);\n"
+        "  $name$_.put($name$__);\n"
         "}\n");
   } else {
     printer->Print(
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc
index 6c80d070..68d28b05 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message.cc
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ void ImmutableMessageGenerator::GenerateIsInitialized(
         case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED:
           if (IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
             printer->Print(
-              "for ($type$ item : get$name$().values()) {\n"
+              "for ($type$ item : get$name$Map().values()) {\n"
               "  if (!item.isInitialized()) {\n"
               "    memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
               "    return false;\n"
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc
index 42154694..cd82c51a 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_builder.cc
@@ -184,6 +184,11 @@ Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
       "}\n"
       "\n");
   } else {
+    // Override methods declared in GeneratedMessage to return the concrete
+    // generated type so callsites won't depend on GeneratedMessage. This
+    // is needed to keep binary compatibility when we change generated code
+    // to subclass a different GeneratedMessage class (e.g., in v3.0.0 release
+    // we changed all generated code to subclass GeneratedMessageV3).
     printer->Print(
       "public final Builder setUnknownFields(\n"
       "    final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {\n"
@@ -456,6 +461,11 @@ GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
     "\n",
     "classname", name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(descriptor_));
 
+  // Override methods declared in GeneratedMessage to return the concrete
+  // generated type so callsites won't depend on GeneratedMessage. This
+  // is needed to keep binary compatibility when we change generated code
+  // to subclass a different GeneratedMessage class (e.g., in v3.0.0 release
+  // we changed all generated code to subclass GeneratedMessageV3).
   printer->Print(
     "public Builder clone() {\n"
     "  return (Builder) super.clone();\n"
@@ -596,7 +606,6 @@ GenerateCommonBuilderMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
       "  return this;\n"
       "}\n"
       "\n");
-
   }
 }
 
@@ -690,7 +699,7 @@ void MessageBuilderGenerator::GenerateIsInitialized(
         case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED:
           if (IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
             printer->Print(
-              "for ($type$ item : get$name$().values()) {\n"
+              "for ($type$ item : get$name$Map().values()) {\n"
               "  if (!item.isInitialized()) {\n"
               "    return false;\n"
               "  }\n"
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc
index 14281816..cba18360 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_field_lite.cc
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ GenerateInterfaceMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
 
 void ImmutableMessageFieldLiteGenerator::
 GenerateMembers(io::Printer* printer) const {
+
   printer->Print(variables_,
     "private $type$ $name$_;\n");
   PrintExtraFieldInfo(variables_, printer);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc
index 7c8c4a03..0c5a1f8a 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_message_lite.cc
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
   MaybePrintGeneratedAnnotation(context_, printer, descriptor_,
                                 /* immutable = */ true);
 
+
   // The builder_type stores the super type name of the nested Builder class.
   string builder_type;
   if (descriptor_->extension_range_count() > 0) {
@@ -203,7 +204,6 @@ void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::Generate(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
   printer->Indent();
 
-
   GenerateConstructor(printer);
 
   // Nested types
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ void ImmutableMessageLiteGenerator::GenerateDynamicMethodIsInitialized(
         case FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REPEATED:
           if (IsMapEntry(field->message_type())) {
             printer->Print(
-              "for ($type$ item : get$name$().values()) {\n"
+              "for ($type$ item : get$name$Map().values()) {\n"
               "  if (!item.isInitialized()) {\n"
               "    if (shouldMemoize) {\n"
               "      memoizedIsInitialized = 0;\n"
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.cc
index 9f34f010..cfa8295d 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.cc
@@ -184,6 +184,10 @@ void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateAbstractMethods(io::Printer* printer) {
   }
 }
 
+string ImmutableServiceGenerator::GetOutput(const MethodDescriptor* method) {
+  return name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(method->output_type());
+}
+
 void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateCallMethod(io::Printer* printer) {
   printer->Print(
     "\n"
@@ -209,8 +213,7 @@ void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateCallMethod(io::Printer* printer) {
     vars["method"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(method);
     vars["input"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(
         method->input_type());
-    vars["output"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(
-        method->output_type());
+    vars["output"] = GetOutput(method);
     printer->Print(vars,
       "case $index$:\n"
       "  this.$method$(controller, ($input$)request,\n"
@@ -257,8 +260,7 @@ void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateCallBlockingMethod(
     vars["method"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(method);
     vars["input"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(
         method->input_type());
-    vars["output"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(
-        method->output_type());
+    vars["output"] = GetOutput(method);
     printer->Print(vars,
       "case $index$:\n"
       "  return impl.$method$(controller, ($input$)request);\n");
@@ -353,8 +355,7 @@ void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateStub(io::Printer* printer) {
 
     map<string, string> vars;
     vars["index"] = SimpleItoa(i);
-    vars["output"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(
-        method->output_type());
+    vars["output"] = GetOutput(method);
     printer->Print(vars,
       "channel.callMethod(\n"
       "  getDescriptor().getMethods().get($index$),\n"
@@ -418,8 +419,7 @@ void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateBlockingStub(io::Printer* printer) {
 
     map<string, string> vars;
     vars["index"] = SimpleItoa(i);
-    vars["output"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(
-        method->output_type());
+    vars["output"] = GetOutput(method);
     printer->Print(vars,
       "return ($output$) channel.callBlockingMethod(\n"
       "  getDescriptor().getMethods().get($index$),\n"
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateMethodSignature(io::Printer* printer,
   map<string, string> vars;
   vars["name"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(method);
   vars["input"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(method->input_type());
-  vars["output"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(method->output_type());
+  vars["output"] = GetOutput(method);
   vars["abstract"] = (is_abstract == IS_ABSTRACT) ? "abstract" : "";
   printer->Print(vars,
     "public $abstract$ void $name$(\n"
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ void ImmutableServiceGenerator::GenerateBlockingMethodSignature(
   map<string, string> vars;
   vars["method"] = UnderscoresToCamelCase(method);
   vars["input"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(method->input_type());
-  vars["output"] = name_resolver_->GetImmutableClassName(method->output_type());
+  vars["output"] = GetOutput(method);
   printer->Print(vars,
     "\n"
     "public $output$ $method$(\n"
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h
index 5fc9e2f6..12b3f942 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_service.h
@@ -122,6 +122,9 @@ class ImmutableServiceGenerator : public ServiceGenerator {
   void GenerateBlockingMethodSignature(io::Printer* printer,
                                        const MethodDescriptor* method);
 
+  // Return the output type of the method.
+  string GetOutput(const MethodDescriptor* method);
+
   Context* context_;
   ClassNameResolver* name_resolver_;
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(ImmutableServiceGenerator);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc
index 52893721..18bf1f51 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_shared_code_generator.cc
@@ -119,7 +119,6 @@ void SharedCodeGenerator::Generate(GeneratorContext* context,
   }
 }
 
-
 void SharedCodeGenerator::GenerateDescriptors(io::Printer* printer) {
   // Embed the descriptor.  We simply serialize the entire FileDescriptorProto
   // and embed it as a string literal, which is parsed and built into real
@@ -134,7 +133,6 @@ void SharedCodeGenerator::GenerateDescriptors(io::Printer* printer) {
   FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
   file_->CopyTo(&file_proto);
 
-
   string file_data;
   file_proto.SerializeToString(&file_data);
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.cc
index 58c77d00..1a882057 100755
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.cc
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ string StripProto(const string& filename) {
 
 // Given a filename like foo/bar/baz.proto, returns the corresponding JavaScript
 // file foo/bar/baz.js.
-string GetJSFilename(const string& filename) {
-  return StripProto(filename) + "_pb.js";
+string GetJSFilename(const GeneratorOptions& options, const string& filename) {
+  return StripProto(filename) + options.GetFileNameExtension();
 }
 
 // Given a filename like foo/bar/baz.proto, returns the root directory
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ string GetPath(const GeneratorOptions& options,
 string MaybeCrossFileRef(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                          const FileDescriptor* from_file,
                          const Descriptor* to_message) {
-  if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::IMPORT_COMMONJS &&
+  if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportCommonJs &&
       from_file != to_message->file()) {
     // Cross-file ref in CommonJS needs to use the module alias instead of
     // the global name.
@@ -405,21 +405,24 @@ string ToFileName(const string& input) {
 // that top-level extensions should go in.
 string GetExtensionFileName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                             const FileDescriptor* file) {
-  return options.output_dir + "/" + ToFileName(GetPath(options, file)) + ".js";
+  return options.output_dir + "/" + ToFileName(GetPath(options, file)) +
+         options.GetFileNameExtension();
 }
 
 // When we're generating one output file per type name, this is the filename
 // that a top-level message should go in.
 string GetMessageFileName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                           const Descriptor* desc) {
-  return options.output_dir + "/" + ToFileName(desc->name()) + ".js";
+  return options.output_dir + "/" + ToFileName(desc->name()) +
+         options.GetFileNameExtension();
 }
 
 // When we're generating one output file per type name, this is the filename
 // that a top-level message should go in.
 string GetEnumFileName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                        const EnumDescriptor* desc) {
-  return options.output_dir + "/" + ToFileName(desc->name()) + ".js";
+  return options.output_dir + "/" + ToFileName(desc->name()) +
+         options.GetFileNameExtension();
 }
 
 // Returns the message/response ID, if set.
@@ -444,9 +447,19 @@ bool IgnoreField(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
 }
 
 
+// Used inside Google only -- do not remove.
+bool ShouldTreatMapsAsRepeatedFields(const FileDescriptor& descriptor) {
+  return false;
+}
+
 // Do we ignore this message type?
 bool IgnoreMessage(const GeneratorOptions& options, const Descriptor* d) {
-  return d->options().map_entry();
+  return d->options().map_entry() &&
+         !ShouldTreatMapsAsRepeatedFields(*d->file());
+}
+
+bool IsMap(const GeneratorOptions& options, const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  return field->is_map() && !ShouldTreatMapsAsRepeatedFields(*field->file());
 }
 
 // Does JSPB ignore this entire oneof? True only if all fields are ignored.
@@ -459,10 +472,8 @@ bool IgnoreOneof(const OneofDescriptor* oneof) {
   return true;
 }
 
-string JSIdent(const GeneratorOptions& options,
-               const FieldDescriptor* field,
-               bool is_upper_camel,
-               bool is_map) {
+string JSIdent(const GeneratorOptions& options, const FieldDescriptor* field,
+               bool is_upper_camel, bool is_map, bool drop_list) {
   string result;
   if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP) {
     result = is_upper_camel ?
@@ -473,10 +484,10 @@ string JSIdent(const GeneratorOptions& options,
         ToUpperCamel(ParseLowerUnderscore(field->name())) :
         ToLowerCamel(ParseLowerUnderscore(field->name()));
   }
-  if (is_map || (field->is_map())) {
+  if (is_map || IsMap(options, field)) {
     // JSPB-style or proto3-style map.
     result += "Map";
-  } else if (field->is_repeated()) {
+  } else if (!drop_list && field->is_repeated()) {
     // Repeated field.
     result += "List";
   }
@@ -485,11 +496,10 @@ string JSIdent(const GeneratorOptions& options,
 
 string JSObjectFieldName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                          const FieldDescriptor* field) {
-  string name = JSIdent(
-      options,
-      field,
-      /* is_upper_camel = */ false,
-      /* is_map = */ false);
+  string name = JSIdent(options, field,
+                        /* is_upper_camel = */ false,
+                        /* is_map = */ false,
+                        /* drop_list = */ false);
   if (IsReserved(name)) {
     name = "pb_" + name;
   }
@@ -514,10 +524,11 @@ string JSByteGetterSuffix(BytesMode bytes_mode) {
 // name, e.g. MyField for .getMyField().
 string JSGetterName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                     const FieldDescriptor* field,
-                    BytesMode bytes_mode = BYTES_DEFAULT) {
+                    BytesMode bytes_mode = BYTES_DEFAULT,
+                    bool drop_list = false) {
   string name = JSIdent(options, field,
                         /* is_upper_camel = */ true,
-                        /* is_map = */ false);
+                        /* is_map = */ false, drop_list);
   if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
     string suffix = JSByteGetterSuffix(bytes_mode);
     if (!suffix.empty()) {
@@ -535,7 +546,8 @@ string JSMapGetterName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                        const FieldDescriptor* field) {
   return JSIdent(options, field,
                  /* is_upper_camel = */ true,
-                 /* is_map = */ true);
+                 /* is_map = */ true,
+                 /* drop_list = */ false);
 }
 
 
@@ -768,6 +780,10 @@ string MaybeNumberString(const FieldDescriptor* field, const string& orig) {
 }
 
 string JSFieldDefault(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+    return "[]";
+  }
+
   switch (field->cpp_type()) {
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
       return MaybeNumberString(
@@ -909,20 +925,91 @@ string JSTypeName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
   }
 }
 
-bool HasFieldPresence(const FieldDescriptor* field);
+bool UseBrokenPresenceSemantics(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
+    return options.broken_proto3_semantics;
+  } else if (field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2) {
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(FATAL) << "We can only handle syntax=proto2 and syntax=proto3.";
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns true for fields that return "null" from accessors when they are
+// unset.  This should normally only be true for non-repeated submessages, but
+// we have legacy users who relied on old behavior where accessors behaved this
+// way.
+bool ReturnsNullWhenUnset(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                          const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+      field->is_optional()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // TODO(haberman): remove this case and unconditionally return false.
+  return UseBrokenPresenceSemantics(options, field) && !field->is_repeated() &&
+         !field->has_default_value();
+}
+
+// In a sane world, this would be the same as ReturnsNullWhenUnset().  But in
+// the status quo, some fields declare that they never return null/undefined
+// even though they actually do:
+//   * required fields
+//   * optional enum fields
+//   * proto3 primitive fields.
+bool DeclaredReturnTypeIsNullable(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                  const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_required() || field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3 &&
+      field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return ReturnsNullWhenUnset(options, field);
+}
+
+bool SetterAcceptsUndefined(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                            const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (ReturnsNullWhenUnset(options, field)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Broken presence semantics always accepts undefined for setters.
+  return UseBrokenPresenceSemantics(options, field);
+}
+
+bool SetterAcceptsNull(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                       const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (ReturnsNullWhenUnset(options, field)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // With broken presence semantics, fields with defaults accept "null" for
+  // setters, but other fields do not.  This is a strange quirk of the old
+  // codegen.
+  return UseBrokenPresenceSemantics(options, field) &&
+         field->has_default_value();
+}
+
+// Returns types which are known to by non-nullable by default.
+// The style guide requires that we omit "!" in this case.
+bool IsPrimitive(const string& type) {
+  return type == "undefined" || type == "string" || type == "number" ||
+         type == "boolean";
+}
 
 string JSFieldTypeAnnotation(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                              const FieldDescriptor* field,
-                             bool force_optional,
+                             bool is_setter_argument,
                              bool force_present,
                              bool singular_if_not_packed,
                              BytesMode bytes_mode = BYTES_DEFAULT) {
-  bool is_primitive =
-      (field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM &&
-       field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
-        (field->type() != FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES ||
-            bytes_mode == BYTES_B64));
-
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(!(is_setter_argument && force_present));
   string jstype = JSTypeName(options, field, bytes_mode);
 
   if (field->is_repeated() &&
@@ -931,27 +1018,35 @@ string JSFieldTypeAnnotation(const GeneratorOptions& options,
         bytes_mode == BYTES_DEFAULT) {
       jstype = "(Array<!Uint8Array>|Array<string>)";
     } else {
-      if (!is_primitive) {
+      if (!IsPrimitive(jstype)) {
         jstype = "!" + jstype;
       }
       jstype = "Array.<" + jstype + ">";
     }
-    if (!force_optional) {
-      jstype = "!" + jstype;
-    }
   }
 
-  if (field->is_optional() && is_primitive &&
-      force_optional && !force_present) {
-    jstype += "?";
-  } else if (field->is_required() && !is_primitive && !force_optional) {
-    jstype = "!" + jstype;
-  }
+  bool is_null_or_undefined = false;
 
-  if (force_optional && HasFieldPresence(field)) {
-    jstype += "|undefined";
+  if (is_setter_argument) {
+    if (SetterAcceptsNull(options, field)) {
+      jstype = "?" + jstype;
+      is_null_or_undefined = true;
+    }
+
+    if (SetterAcceptsUndefined(options, field)) {
+      jstype += "|undefined";
+      is_null_or_undefined = true;
+    }
+  } else if (force_present) {
+    // Don't add null or undefined.
+  } else {
+    if (DeclaredReturnTypeIsNullable(options, field)) {
+      jstype = "?" + jstype;
+      is_null_or_undefined = true;
+    }
   }
-  if (force_present && jstype[0] != '!' && !is_primitive) {
+
+  if (!is_null_or_undefined && !IsPrimitive(jstype)) {
     jstype = "!" + jstype;
   }
 
@@ -1007,9 +1102,10 @@ string JSReturnDoc(const GeneratorOptions& options,
   return "";
 }
 
-bool HasRepeatedFields(const Descriptor* desc) {
+bool HasRepeatedFields(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                       const Descriptor* desc) {
   for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
-    if (desc->field(i)->is_repeated() && !desc->field(i)->is_map()) {
+    if (desc->field(i)->is_repeated() && !IsMap(options, desc->field(i))) {
       return true;
     }
   }
@@ -1020,8 +1116,9 @@ static const char* kRepeatedFieldArrayName = ".repeatedFields_";
 
 string RepeatedFieldsArrayName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                                const Descriptor* desc) {
-  return HasRepeatedFields(desc) ?
-      (GetPath(options, desc) + kRepeatedFieldArrayName) : "null";
+  return HasRepeatedFields(options, desc)
+             ? (GetPath(options, desc) + kRepeatedFieldArrayName)
+             : "null";
 }
 
 bool HasOneofFields(const Descriptor* desc) {
@@ -1041,10 +1138,11 @@ string OneofFieldsArrayName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
       (GetPath(options, desc) + kOneofGroupArrayName) : "null";
 }
 
-string RepeatedFieldNumberList(const Descriptor* desc) {
+string RepeatedFieldNumberList(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                               const Descriptor* desc) {
   std::vector<string> numbers;
   for (int i = 0; i < desc->field_count(); i++) {
-    if (desc->field(i)->is_repeated() && !desc->field(i)->is_map()) {
+    if (desc->field(i)->is_repeated() && !IsMap(options, desc->field(i))) {
       numbers.push_back(JSFieldIndex(desc->field(i)));
     }
   }
@@ -1108,7 +1206,7 @@ string JSExtensionsObjectName(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                               const FileDescriptor* from_file,
                               const Descriptor* desc) {
   if (desc->full_name() == "google.protobuf.bridge.MessageSet") {
-    // TODO(haberman): fix this for the IMPORT_COMMONJS case.
+    // TODO(haberman): fix this for the kImportCommonJs case.
     return "jspb.Message.messageSetExtensions";
   } else {
     return MaybeCrossFileRef(options, from_file, desc) + ".extensions";
@@ -1130,7 +1228,7 @@ const FieldDescriptor* MapFieldValue(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
 
 string FieldDefinition(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                        const FieldDescriptor* field) {
-  if (field->is_map()) {
+  if (IsMap(options, field)) {
     const FieldDescriptor* key_field = MapFieldKey(field);
     const FieldDescriptor* value_field = MapFieldValue(field);
     string key_type = ProtoTypeName(options, key_field);
@@ -1254,47 +1352,24 @@ string GetPivot(const Descriptor* desc) {
   return SimpleItoa(pivot);
 }
 
-// Returns true for fields that represent "null" as distinct from the default
-// value. See http://go/proto3#heading=h.kozewqqcqhuz for more information.
-bool HasFieldPresence(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
-  if (field->is_repeated()) {
+// Whether this field represents presence.  For fields with presence, we
+// generate extra methods (clearFoo() and hasFoo()) for this field.
+bool HasFieldPresence(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                      const FieldDescriptor* field) {
+  if (field->is_repeated() || field->is_map()) {
+    // We say repeated fields and maps don't have presence, but we still do
+    // generate clearFoo() methods for them through a special case elsewhere.
     return false;
   }
 
-  return
-      (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) ||
-      (field->containing_oneof() != NULL) ||
-      (field->file()->syntax() != FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3);
-}
-
-// For proto3 fields without presence, returns a string representing the default
-// value in JavaScript. See http://go/proto3#heading=h.kozewqqcqhuz for more
-// information.
-string Proto3PrimitiveFieldDefault(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
-  switch (field->cpp_type()) {
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
-      return "0";
-    }
-
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
-      return "0";
-
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
-      return "false";
-
-    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:  // includes BYTES
-      return "\"\"";
-
-    default:
-      // MESSAGE is handled separately.
-      assert(false);
-      return "";
+  if (UseBrokenPresenceSemantics(options, field)) {
+    // Proto3 files with broken presence semantics have field presence.
+    return true;
   }
+
+  return field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE ||
+         field->containing_oneof() != NULL ||
+         field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO2;
 }
 
 // We use this to implement the semantics that same file can be generated
@@ -1524,8 +1599,19 @@ void Generator::GenerateProvides(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                                  std::set<string>* provided) const {
   for (std::set<string>::iterator it = provided->begin();
        it != provided->end(); ++it) {
-    printer->Print("goog.provide('$name$');\n",
-                   "name", *it);
+    if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportClosure) {
+      printer->Print("goog.provide('$name$');\n", "name", *it);
+    } else {
+      // We aren't using Closure's import system, but we use goog.exportSymbol()
+      // to construct the expected tree of objects, eg.
+      //
+      //   goog.exportSymbol('foo.bar.Baz', null, this);
+      //
+      //   // Later generated code expects foo.bar = {} to exist:
+      //   foo.bar.Baz = function() { /* ... */ }
+      printer->Print("goog.exportSymbol('$name$', null, global);\n", "name",
+                     *it);
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -1548,7 +1634,7 @@ void Generator::GenerateRequiresForLibrary(
     const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
     const vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
     std::set<string>* provided) const {
-  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(options.import_style, GeneratorOptions::IMPORT_CLOSURE);
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(options.import_style, GeneratorOptions::kImportClosure);
   // For Closure imports we need to import every message type individually.
   std::set<string> required;
   std::set<string> forwards;
@@ -1623,6 +1709,10 @@ void Generator::GenerateRequiresImpl(const GeneratorOptions& options,
     }
   }
   if (require_extension) {
+    if (options.binary) {
+      printer->Print(
+          "goog.require('jspb.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo');\n");
+    }
     printer->Print(
         "goog.require('jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo');\n");
   }
@@ -1755,14 +1845,13 @@ void Generator::GenerateClass(const GeneratorOptions& options,
       GenerateClassDeserializeBinary(options, printer, desc);
       GenerateClassSerializeBinary(options, printer, desc);
     }
-    GenerateClassClone(options, printer, desc);
     GenerateClassRegistration(options, printer, desc);
     GenerateClassFields(options, printer, desc);
     if (IsExtendable(desc) && desc->full_name() != "google.protobuf.bridge.MessageSet") {
       GenerateClassExtensionFieldInfo(options, printer, desc);
     }
 
-    if (options.import_style != GeneratorOptions:: IMPORT_CLOSURE) {
+    if (options.import_style != GeneratorOptions::kImportClosure) {
       for (int i = 0; i < desc->extension_count(); i++) {
         GenerateExtension(options, printer, desc->extension(i));
       }
@@ -1820,7 +1909,7 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassConstructor(const GeneratorOptions& options,
 void Generator::GenerateClassFieldInfo(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                                        io::Printer* printer,
                                        const Descriptor* desc) const {
-  if (HasRepeatedFields(desc)) {
+  if (HasRepeatedFields(options, desc)) {
     printer->Print(
         "/**\n"
         " * List of repeated fields within this message type.\n"
@@ -1831,7 +1920,7 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassFieldInfo(const GeneratorOptions& options,
         "\n",
         "classname", GetPath(options, desc),
         "rptfieldarray", kRepeatedFieldArrayName,
-        "rptfields", RepeatedFieldNumberList(desc));
+        "rptfields", RepeatedFieldNumberList(options, desc));
   }
 
   if (HasOneofFields(desc)) {
@@ -2000,14 +2089,59 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassToObject(const GeneratorOptions& options,
       "classname", GetPath(options, desc));
 }
 
+void Generator::GenerateFieldValueExpression(io::Printer* printer,
+                                             const char *obj_reference,
+                                             const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                             bool use_default) const {
+  bool is_float_or_double =
+      field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT ||
+      field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE;
+  if (use_default) {
+    if (is_float_or_double) {
+      // Coerce "Nan" and "Infinity" to actual float values.
+      //
+      // This will change null to 0, but that doesn't matter since we're getting
+      // with a default.
+      printer->Print("+");
+    }
+
+    printer->Print(
+        "jspb.Message.getFieldWithDefault($obj$, $index$, $default$)",
+        "obj", obj_reference,
+        "index", JSFieldIndex(field),
+        "default", JSFieldDefault(field));
+  } else {
+    if (is_float_or_double) {
+      if (field->is_required()) {
+        // Use "+" to convert all fields to numeric (including null).
+        printer->Print(
+            "+jspb.Message.getField($obj$, $index$)",
+            "index", JSFieldIndex(field),
+            "obj", obj_reference);
+      } else {
+        // Converts "NaN" and "Infinity" while preserving null.
+        printer->Print(
+            "jspb.Message.get$cardinality$FloatingPointField($obj$, $index$)",
+            "cardinality", field->is_repeated() ? "Repeated" : "Optional",
+            "index", JSFieldIndex(field),
+            "obj", obj_reference);
+      }
+    } else {
+      printer->Print("jspb.Message.getField($obj$, $index$)",
+                     "index", JSFieldIndex(field),
+                     "obj", obj_reference);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 void Generator::GenerateClassFieldToObject(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                                            io::Printer* printer,
                                            const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
   printer->Print("$fieldname$: ",
                  "fieldname", JSObjectFieldName(options, field));
 
-  if (field->is_map()) {
-    printer->Print("(f = msg.get$name$(true)) ? f.toArray() : []",
+  if (IsMap(options, field)) {
+    printer->Print("(f = msg.get$name$()) ? f.toArray() : []",
                    "name", JSGetterName(options, field));
   } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
     // Message field.
@@ -2024,40 +2158,29 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassFieldToObject(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                      "getter", JSGetterName(options, field),
                      "type", SubmessageTypeRef(options, field));
     }
+  } else if (field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
+    // For bytes fields we want to always return the B64 data.
+    printer->Print("msg.get$getter$()",
+                   "getter", JSGetterName(options, field, BYTES_B64));
   } else {
-    // Simple field (singular or repeated).
-    if ((!HasFieldPresence(field) && !field->is_repeated()) ||
-        field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES) {
-      // Delegate to the generated get<field>() method in order not to duplicate
-      // the proto3-field-default-value or byte-coercion logic here.
-      printer->Print("msg.get$getter$()",
-                     "getter", JSGetterName(options, field, BYTES_B64));
-    } else {
-      if (field->has_default_value()) {
-        printer->Print("!msg.has$name$() ? $defaultValue$ : ",
-                       "name", JSGetterName(options, field),
-                       "defaultValue", JSFieldDefault(field));
-      }
-      if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT ||
-          field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE) {
-        if (field->is_repeated()) {
-          printer->Print("jspb.Message.getRepeatedFloatingPointField("
-                         "msg, $index$)",
-                         "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
-        } else if (field->is_optional() && !field->has_default_value()) {
-          printer->Print("jspb.Message.getOptionalFloatingPointField("
-                         "msg, $index$)",
-                         "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
-        } else {
-          // Convert "NaN" to NaN.
-          printer->Print("+jspb.Message.getField(msg, $index$)",
-                         "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
-        }
-      } else {
-        printer->Print("jspb.Message.getField(msg, $index$)",
-                       "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
-      }
+    bool use_default = field->has_default_value();
+
+    if (field->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3 &&
+        // Repeated fields get initialized to their default in the constructor
+        // (why?), so we emit a plain getField() call for them.
+        !field->is_repeated() && !UseBrokenPresenceSemantics(options, field)) {
+      // Proto3 puts all defaults (including implicit defaults) in toObject().
+      // But for proto2 we leave the existing semantics unchanged: unset fields
+      // without default are unset.
+      use_default = true;
     }
+
+    // We don't implement this by calling the accessors, because the semantics
+    // of the accessors are changing independently of the toObject() semantics.
+    // We are migrating the accessors to return defaults instead of null, but
+    // it may take longer to migrate toObject (or we might not want to do it at
+    // all).  So we want to generate independent code.
+    GenerateFieldValueExpression(printer, "msg", field, use_default);
   }
 }
 
@@ -2091,8 +2214,7 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassFieldFromObject(
     const GeneratorOptions& options,
     io::Printer* printer,
     const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
-
-  if (field->is_map()) {
+  if (IsMap(options, field)) {
     // `msg` is a newly-constructed message object that has not yet built any
     // map containers wrapping underlying arrays, so we can simply directly set
     // the array here without fear of a stale wrapper.
@@ -2133,21 +2255,6 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassFieldFromObject(
   }
 }
 
-void Generator::GenerateClassClone(const GeneratorOptions& options,
-                                   io::Printer* printer,
-                                   const Descriptor* desc) const {
-  printer->Print(
-      "/**\n"
-      " * Creates a deep clone of this proto. No data is shared with the "
-      "original.\n"
-      " * @return {!$name$} The clone.\n"
-      " */\n"
-      "$name$.prototype.cloneMessage = function() {\n"
-      "  return /** @type {!$name$} */ (jspb.Message.cloneMessage(this));\n"
-      "};\n\n\n",
-      "name", GetPath(options, desc));
-}
-
 void Generator::GenerateClassRegistration(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                                           io::Printer* printer,
                                           const Descriptor* desc) const {
@@ -2175,12 +2282,11 @@ void GenerateBytesWrapper(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                           io::Printer* printer,
                           const FieldDescriptor* field,
                           BytesMode bytes_mode) {
-  string type =
-      JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
-                            /* force_optional = */ false,
-                            /* force_present = */ !HasFieldPresence(field),
-                            /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false,
-                            bytes_mode);
+  string type = JSFieldTypeAnnotation(
+      options, field,
+      /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
+      /* force_present = */ false,
+      /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false, bytes_mode);
   printer->Print(
       "/**\n"
       " * $fielddef$\n"
@@ -2208,20 +2314,20 @@ void GenerateBytesWrapper(const GeneratorOptions& options,
 void Generator::GenerateClassField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                                    io::Printer* printer,
                                    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
-  if (field->is_map()) {
+  if (IsMap(options, field)) {
     const FieldDescriptor* key_field = MapFieldKey(field);
     const FieldDescriptor* value_field = MapFieldValue(field);
     // Map field: special handling to instantiate the map object on demand.
     string key_type =
         JSFieldTypeAnnotation(
             options, key_field,
-            /* force_optional = */ false,
+            /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
             /* force_present = */ true,
             /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false);
     string value_type =
         JSFieldTypeAnnotation(
             options, value_field,
-            /* force_optional = */ false,
+            /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
             /* force_present = */ true,
             /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false);
 
@@ -2275,7 +2381,7 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
         "fielddef", FieldDefinition(options, field),
         "comment", FieldComments(field, BYTES_DEFAULT),
         "type", JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
-                                      /* force_optional = */ false,
+                                      /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
                                       /* force_present = */ false,
                                       /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false));
     printer->Print(
@@ -2289,7 +2395,7 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
         "class", GetPath(options, field->containing_type()),
         "name", JSGetterName(options, field),
         "type", JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
-                                      /* force_optional = */ false,
+                                      /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
                                       /* force_present = */ false,
                                       /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false),
         "rpt", (field->is_repeated() ? "Repeated" : ""),
@@ -2298,12 +2404,12 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
         "required", (field->label() == FieldDescriptor::LABEL_REQUIRED ?
                      ", 1" : ""));
     printer->Print(
-        "/** @param {$optionaltype$} value $returndoc$ */\n"
+        "/** @param {$optionaltype$} value$returndoc$ */\n"
         "$class$.prototype.set$name$ = function(value) {\n"
         "  jspb.Message.set$oneoftag$$repeatedtag$WrapperField(",
         "optionaltype",
         JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
-                              /* force_optional = */ true,
+                              /* is_setter_argument = */ true,
                               /* force_present = */ false,
                               /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false),
         "returndoc", JSReturnDoc(options, field),
@@ -2322,16 +2428,9 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                        (", " + JSOneofArray(options, field)) : ""),
         "returnvalue", JSReturnClause(field));
 
-    printer->Print(
-        "$class$.prototype.clear$name$ = function() {\n"
-        "  this.set$name$($clearedvalue$);$returnvalue$\n"
-        "};\n"
-        "\n"
-        "\n",
-        "class", GetPath(options, field->containing_type()),
-        "name", JSGetterName(options, field),
-        "clearedvalue", (field->is_repeated() ? "[]" : "undefined"),
-        "returnvalue", JSReturnClause(field));
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      GenerateRepeatedMessageHelperMethods(options, printer, field);
+    }
 
   } else {
     bool untyped =
@@ -2345,12 +2444,12 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
     BytesMode bytes_mode =
         field->type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES && !options.binary ?
             BYTES_B64 : BYTES_DEFAULT;
-    string typed_annotation =
-        JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
-                              /* force_optional = */ false,
-                              /* force_present = */ !HasFieldPresence(field),
-                              /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false,
-                              /* bytes_mode = */ bytes_mode);
+    string typed_annotation = JSFieldTypeAnnotation(
+        options, field,
+        /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
+        /* force_present = */ false,
+        /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false,
+        /* bytes_mode = */ bytes_mode);
     if (untyped) {
       printer->Print(
           "/**\n"
@@ -2382,36 +2481,21 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
           "type", typed_annotation);
     }
 
-    // For proto3 fields without presence, use special getters that will return
-    // defaults when the field is unset, possibly constructing a value if
-    // required.
-    if (!HasFieldPresence(field) && !field->is_repeated()) {
-      printer->Print("jspb.Message.getFieldProto3(this, $index$, $default$)",
-                     "index", JSFieldIndex(field),
-                     "default", Proto3PrimitiveFieldDefault(field));
-    } else {
-      if (!field->is_repeated()) {
-        printer->Print("!this.has$name$() ? $defaultValue$ : ",
-                       "name", JSGetterName(options, field),
-                       "defaultValue", JSFieldDefault(field));
-      }
-      if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT ||
-          field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE) {
-        if (field->is_repeated()) {
-          printer->Print("jspb.Message.getRepeatedFloatingPointField("
-                         "this, $index$)",
-                         "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
-        } else {
-          // Convert "NaN" to NaN.
-          printer->Print("+jspb.Message.getField(this, $index$)",
-                         "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
-        }
-      } else {
-        printer->Print("jspb.Message.getField(this, $index$)",
-                       "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
-      }
+    bool use_default = !ReturnsNullWhenUnset(options, field);
+
+    // Raw fields with no default set should just return undefined.
+    if (untyped && !field->has_default_value()) {
+      use_default = false;
+    }
+
+    // Repeated fields get initialized to their default in the constructor
+    // (why?), so we emit a plain getField() call for them.
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      use_default = false;
     }
 
+    GenerateFieldValueExpression(printer, "this", field, use_default);
+
     if (untyped) {
       printer->Print(
           ";\n"
@@ -2434,17 +2518,17 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
     if (untyped) {
       printer->Print(
           "/**\n"
-          " * @param {*} value $returndoc$\n"
+          " * @param {*} value$returndoc$\n"
           " */\n",
           "returndoc", JSReturnDoc(options, field));
     } else {
       printer->Print(
-          "/** @param {$optionaltype$} value $returndoc$ */\n",
-          "optionaltype",
-          JSFieldTypeAnnotation(options, field,
-                                /* force_optional = */ true,
-                                /* force_present = */ !HasFieldPresence(field),
-                                /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false),
+          "/** @param {$optionaltype$} value$returndoc$ */\n", "optionaltype",
+          JSFieldTypeAnnotation(
+              options, field,
+              /* is_setter_argument = */ true,
+              /* force_present = */ false,
+              /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false),
           "returndoc", JSReturnDoc(options, field));
     }
     printer->Print(
@@ -2471,36 +2555,70 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
     if (untyped) {
       printer->Print(
           "/**\n"
-          " * Clears the value. $returndoc$\n"
+          " * Clears the value.$returndoc$\n"
           " */\n",
           "returndoc", JSReturnDoc(options, field));
     }
 
-    if (HasFieldPresence(field) || field->is_repeated()) {
-      printer->Print(
-          "$class$.prototype.clear$name$ = function() {\n"
-          "  jspb.Message.set$oneoftag$Field(this, $index$$oneofgroup$, ",
-          "class", GetPath(options, field->containing_type()),
-          "name", JSGetterName(options, field),
-          "oneoftag", (field->containing_oneof() ? "Oneof" : ""),
-          "oneofgroup", (field->containing_oneof() ?
-                         (", " + JSOneofArray(options, field)) : ""),
-          "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
-      printer->Print(
-          "$clearedvalue$);$returnvalue$\n"
-          "};\n"
-          "\n"
-          "\n",
-          "clearedvalue", (field->is_repeated() ? "[]" : "undefined"),
-          "returnvalue", JSReturnClause(field));
+
+    if (field->is_repeated()) {
+      GenerateRepeatedPrimitiveHelperMethods(options, printer, field, untyped);
     }
   }
 
-  if (HasFieldPresence(field)) {
+  // Generate clearFoo() method for map fields, repeated fields, and other
+  // fields with presence.
+  if (IsMap(options, field)) {
+    printer->Print(
+        "$class$.prototype.clear$name$ = function() {\n"
+        "  this.get$name$().clear();$returnvalue$\n"
+        "};\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n",
+        "class", GetPath(options, field->containing_type()),
+        "name", JSGetterName(options, field),
+        "returnvalue", JSReturnClause(field));
+  } else if (field->is_repeated() ||
+             (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
+              !field->is_required())) {
+    // Fields where we can delegate to the regular setter.
+    printer->Print(
+        "$class$.prototype.clear$name$ = function() {\n"
+        "  this.set$name$($clearedvalue$);$returnvalue$\n"
+        "};\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n",
+        "class", GetPath(options, field->containing_type()),
+        "name", JSGetterName(options, field),
+        "clearedvalue", (field->is_repeated() ? "[]" : "undefined"),
+        "returnvalue", JSReturnClause(field));
+  } else if (HasFieldPresence(options, field)) {
+    // Fields where we can't delegate to the regular setter because it doesn't
+    // accept "undefined" as an argument.
+    printer->Print(
+        "$class$.prototype.clear$name$ = function() {\n"
+        "  jspb.Message.set$maybeoneof$Field(this, "
+        "$index$$maybeoneofgroup$, ",
+        "class", GetPath(options, field->containing_type()),
+        "name", JSGetterName(options, field),
+        "maybeoneof", (field->containing_oneof() ? "Oneof" : ""),
+        "maybeoneofgroup", (field->containing_oneof() ?
+                           (", " + JSOneofArray(options, field)) : ""),
+        "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
+    printer->Print(
+        "$clearedvalue$);$returnvalue$\n"
+        "};\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n",
+        "clearedvalue", (field->is_repeated() ? "[]" : "undefined"),
+        "returnvalue", JSReturnClause(field));
+  }
+
+  if (HasFieldPresence(options, field)) {
     printer->Print(
         "/**\n"
         " * Returns whether this field is set.\n"
-        " * @return{!boolean}\n"
+        " * @return {!boolean}\n"
         " */\n"
         "$class$.prototype.has$name$ = function() {\n"
         "  return jspb.Message.getField(this, $index$) != null;\n"
@@ -2513,6 +2631,59 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassField(const GeneratorOptions& options,
   }
 }
 
+void Generator::GenerateRepeatedPrimitiveHelperMethods(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field, bool untyped) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * @param {!$optionaltype$} value\n"
+      " * @param {number=} opt_index\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$class$.prototype.add$name$ = function(value, opt_index) {\n"
+      "  jspb.Message.addToRepeatedField(this, $index$",
+      "class", GetPath(options, field->containing_type()), "name",
+      JSGetterName(options, field, BYTES_DEFAULT,
+                   /* drop_list = */ true),
+      "optionaltype", JSTypeName(options, field, BYTES_DEFAULT), "index",
+      JSFieldIndex(field));
+  printer->Print(
+      "$oneofgroup$, $type$value$rptvalueinit$$typeclose$, opt_index);\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "\n",
+      "type", untyped ? "/** @type{string|number|boolean|!Uint8Array} */(" : "",
+      "typeclose", untyped ? ")" : "", "oneofgroup",
+      (field->containing_oneof() ? (", " + JSOneofArray(options, field)) : ""),
+      "rptvalueinit", "");
+}
+
+void Generator::GenerateRepeatedMessageHelperMethods(
+    const GeneratorOptions& options, io::Printer* printer,
+    const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
+  printer->Print(
+      "/**\n"
+      " * @param {!$optionaltype$=} opt_value\n"
+      " * @param {number=} opt_index\n"
+      " * @return {!$optionaltype$}\n"
+      " */\n"
+      "$class$.prototype.add$name$ = function(opt_value, opt_index) {\n"
+      "  return jspb.Message.addTo$repeatedtag$WrapperField(",
+      "optionaltype", JSTypeName(options, field, BYTES_DEFAULT), "class",
+      GetPath(options, field->containing_type()), "name",
+      JSGetterName(options, field, BYTES_DEFAULT,
+                   /* drop_list = */ true),
+      "repeatedtag", (field->is_repeated() ? "Repeated" : ""));
+
+  printer->Print(
+      "this, $index$$oneofgroup$, opt_value, $ctor$, opt_index);\n"
+      "};\n"
+      "\n"
+      "\n",
+      "index", JSFieldIndex(field), "oneofgroup",
+      (field->containing_oneof() ? (", " + JSOneofArray(options, field)) : ""),
+      "ctor", GetPath(options, field->message_type()));
+}
+
 void Generator::GenerateClassExtensionFieldInfo(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                                                 io::Printer* printer,
                                                 const Descriptor* desc) const {
@@ -2554,7 +2725,7 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassExtensionFieldInfo(const GeneratorOptions& options,
           "so that it\n"
           " * works in OPTIMIZED mode.\n"
           " *\n"
-          " * @type {!Object.<number, jspb.ExtensionFieldInfo>}\n"
+          " * @type {!Object.<number, jspb.ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo>}\n"
           " */\n"
           "$class$.extensionsBinary = {};\n"
           "\n",
@@ -2636,7 +2807,7 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassDeserializeBinaryField(
   printer->Print("    case $num$:\n",
                  "num", SimpleItoa(field->number()));
 
-  if (field->is_map()) {
+  if (IsMap(options, field)) {
     const FieldDescriptor* key_field = MapFieldKey(field);
     const FieldDescriptor* value_field = MapFieldValue(field);
     printer->Print(
@@ -2757,11 +2928,18 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassSerializeBinaryField(
     const GeneratorOptions& options,
     io::Printer* printer,
     const FieldDescriptor* field) const {
-  if (HasFieldPresence(field) &&
+  if (HasFieldPresence(options, field) &&
       field->cpp_type() != FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+    string typed_annotation = JSFieldTypeAnnotation(
+        options, field,
+        /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
+        /* force_present = */ false,
+        /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false,
+        /* bytes_mode = */ BYTES_DEFAULT);
     printer->Print(
-        "  f = jspb.Message.getField(this, $index$);\n",
-        "index", JSFieldIndex(field));
+        "  f = /** @type {$type$} */ (jspb.Message.getField(this, $index$));\n",
+        "index", JSFieldIndex(field),
+        "type", typed_annotation);
   } else {
     printer->Print(
         "  f = this.get$name$($nolazy$);\n",
@@ -2770,17 +2948,16 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassSerializeBinaryField(
         "nolazy", (field->is_map()) ? "true" : "");
   }
 
-
   // Print an `if (condition)` statement that evaluates to true if the field
   // goes on the wire.
-  if (field->is_map()) {
+  if (IsMap(options, field)) {
     printer->Print(
         "  if (f && f.getLength() > 0) {\n");
   } else if (field->is_repeated()) {
     printer->Print(
         "  if (f.length > 0) {\n");
   } else {
-    if (HasFieldPresence(field)) {
+    if (HasFieldPresence(options, field)) {
       printer->Print(
           "  if (f != null) {\n");
     } else {
@@ -2820,7 +2997,7 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassSerializeBinaryField(
   }
 
   // Write the field on the wire.
-  if (field->is_map()) {
+  if (IsMap(options, field)) {
     const FieldDescriptor* key_field = MapFieldKey(field);
     const FieldDescriptor* value_field = MapFieldValue(field);
     printer->Print(
@@ -2845,7 +3022,7 @@ void Generator::GenerateClassSerializeBinaryField(
         "index", SimpleItoa(field->number()));
 
     if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE &&
-        !(field->is_map())) {
+        !IsMap(options, field)) {
       printer->Print(
           ",\n"
           "      $submsg$.serializeBinaryToWriter\n",
@@ -2907,7 +3084,7 @@ void Generator::GenerateExtension(const GeneratorOptions& options,
       "class", extension_scope,
       "extensionType", JSFieldTypeAnnotation(
           options, field,
-          /* force_optional = */ false,
+          /* is_setter_argument = */ false,
           /* force_present = */ true,
           /* singular_if_not_packed = */ false));
   printer->Print(
@@ -2946,11 +3123,11 @@ void Generator::GenerateExtension(const GeneratorOptions& options,
         "binaryMessageSerializeFn",
         (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) ?
         (SubmessageTypeRef(options, field) +
-         ".serializeBinaryToWriter") : "null",
+         ".serializeBinaryToWriter") : "undefined",
         "binaryMessageDeserializeFn",
         (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) ?
         (SubmessageTypeRef(options, field) +
-         ".deserializeBinaryFromReader") : "null");
+         ".deserializeBinaryFromReader") : "undefined");
 
     printer->Print(
         "    $isPacked$);\n",
@@ -3005,17 +3182,31 @@ bool GeneratorOptions::ParseFromOptions(
       library = options[i].second;
     } else if (options[i].first == "import_style") {
       if (options[i].second == "closure") {
-        import_style = IMPORT_CLOSURE;
+        import_style = kImportClosure;
       } else if (options[i].second == "commonjs") {
-        import_style = IMPORT_COMMONJS;
+        import_style = kImportCommonJs;
       } else if (options[i].second == "browser") {
-        import_style = IMPORT_BROWSER;
+        import_style = kImportBrowser;
       } else if (options[i].second == "es6") {
-        import_style = IMPORT_ES6;
+        import_style = kImportEs6;
       } else {
         *error = "Unknown import style " + options[i].second + ", expected " +
                  "one of: closure, commonjs, browser, es6.";
       }
+    } else if (options[i].first == "extension") {
+      extension = options[i].second;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "one_output_file_per_input_file") {
+      if (!options[i].second.empty()) {
+        *error = "Unexpected option value for one_output_file_per_input_file";
+        return false;
+      }
+      one_output_file_per_input_file = true;
+    } else if (options[i].first == "broken_proto3_semantics") {
+      if (!options[i].second.empty()) {
+        *error = "Unexpected option value for broken_proto3_semantics";
+        return false;
+      }
+      broken_proto3_semantics = true;
     } else {
       // Assume any other option is an output directory, as long as it is a bare
       // `key` rather than a `key=value` option.
@@ -3027,14 +3218,37 @@ bool GeneratorOptions::ParseFromOptions(
     }
   }
 
-  if (!library.empty() && import_style != IMPORT_CLOSURE) {
-    *error = "The library option should only be used for "
-             "import_style=closure";
+  if (import_style != kImportClosure &&
+      (add_require_for_enums || testonly || !library.empty() ||
+       error_on_name_conflict || broken_proto3_semantics ||
+       extension != ".js" || one_output_file_per_input_file)) {
+    *error =
+        "The add_require_for_enums, testonly, library, error_on_name_conflict, "
+        "broken_proto3_semantics, extension, and "
+        "one_output_file_per_input_file options should only be used for "
+        "import_style=closure";
+    return false;
   }
 
   return true;
 }
 
+GeneratorOptions::OutputMode GeneratorOptions::output_mode() const {
+  // We use one output file per input file if we are not using Closure or if
+  // this is explicitly requested.
+  if (import_style != kImportClosure || one_output_file_per_input_file) {
+    return kOneOutputFilePerInputFile;
+  }
+
+  // If a library name is provided, we put everything in that one file.
+  if (!library.empty()) {
+    return kEverythingInOneFile;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, we create one output file per type.
+  return kOneOutputFilePerType;
+}
+
 void Generator::GenerateFilesInDepOrder(
     const GeneratorOptions& options,
     io::Printer* printer,
@@ -3081,7 +3295,7 @@ void Generator::GenerateFile(const GeneratorOptions& options,
   GenerateHeader(options, printer);
 
   // Generate "require" statements.
-  if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::IMPORT_COMMONJS) {
+  if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportCommonJs) {
     printer->Print("var jspb = require('google-protobuf');\n");
     printer->Print("var goog = jspb;\n");
     printer->Print("var global = Function('return this')();\n\n");
@@ -3091,42 +3305,43 @@ void Generator::GenerateFile(const GeneratorOptions& options,
       printer->Print(
           "var $alias$ = require('$file$');\n",
           "alias", ModuleAlias(name),
-          "file", GetRootPath(file->name(), name) + GetJSFilename(name));
+          "file", GetRootPath(file->name(), name) + GetJSFilename(options, name));
     }
   }
 
-  // We aren't using Closure's import system, but we use goog.exportSymbol()
-  // to construct the expected tree of objects, eg.
-  //
-  //   goog.exportSymbol('foo.bar.Baz', null, this);
-  //
-  //   // Later generated code expects foo.bar = {} to exist:
-  //   foo.bar.Baz = function() { /* ... */ }
   set<string> provided;
-
-  // Cover the case where this file declares extensions but no messages.
-  // This will ensure that the file-level object will be declared to hold
-  // the extensions.
+  set<const FieldDescriptor*> extensions;
   for (int i = 0; i < file->extension_count(); i++) {
-    provided.insert(file->extension(i)->full_name());
+    // We honor the jspb::ignore option here only when working with
+    // Closure-style imports. Use of this option is discouraged and so we want
+    // to avoid adding new support for it.
+    if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportClosure &&
+        IgnoreField(file->extension(i))) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    provided.insert(GetPath(options, file) + "." +
+                    JSObjectFieldName(options, file->extension(i)));
+    extensions.insert(file->extension(i));
   }
 
   FindProvidesForFile(options, printer, file, &provided);
-  for (std::set<string>::iterator it = provided.begin();
-       it != provided.end(); ++it) {
-    printer->Print("goog.exportSymbol('$name$', null, global);\n",
-                   "name", *it);
+  GenerateProvides(options, printer, &provided);
+  vector<const FileDescriptor*> files;
+  files.push_back(file);
+  if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportClosure) {
+    GenerateRequiresForLibrary(options, printer, files, &provided);
   }
 
   GenerateClassesAndEnums(options, printer, file);
 
-  // Extensions nested inside messages are emitted inside
-  // GenerateClassesAndEnums().
-  for (int i = 0; i < file->extension_count(); i++) {
-    GenerateExtension(options, printer, file->extension(i));
+  // Generate code for top-level extensions. Extensions nested inside messages
+  // are emitted inside GenerateClassesAndEnums().
+  for (set<const FieldDescriptor*>::const_iterator it = extensions.begin();
+       it != extensions.end(); ++it) {
+    GenerateExtension(options, printer, *it);
   }
 
-  if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::IMPORT_COMMONJS) {
+  if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::kImportCommonJs) {
     printer->Print("goog.object.extend(exports, $package$);\n",
                    "package", GetPath(options, file));
   }
@@ -3144,15 +3359,10 @@ bool Generator::GenerateAll(const vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
   }
 
 
-  // There are three schemes for where output files go:
-  //
-  // - import_style = IMPORT_CLOSURE, library non-empty: all output in one file
-  // - import_style = IMPORT_CLOSURE, library empty: one output file per type
-  // - import_style != IMPORT_CLOSURE: one output file per .proto file
-  if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::IMPORT_CLOSURE &&
-      options.library != "") {
+  if (options.output_mode() == GeneratorOptions::kEverythingInOneFile) {
     // All output should go in a single file.
-    string filename = options.output_dir + "/" + options.library + ".js";
+    string filename = options.output_dir + "/" + options.library +
+                      options.GetFileNameExtension();
     google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(context->Open(filename));
     GOOGLE_CHECK(output.get());
     io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
@@ -3187,7 +3397,7 @@ bool Generator::GenerateAll(const vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
     if (printer.failed()) {
       return false;
     }
-  } else if (options.import_style == GeneratorOptions::IMPORT_CLOSURE) {
+  } else if (options.output_mode() == GeneratorOptions::kOneOutputFilePerType) {
     set<const void*> allowed_set;
     if (!GenerateJspbAllowedSet(options, files, &allowed_set, error)) {
       return false;
@@ -3279,13 +3489,14 @@ bool Generator::GenerateAll(const vector<const FileDescriptor*>& files,
         }
       }
     }
-  } else {
+  } else /* options.output_mode() == kOneOutputFilePerInputFile */ {
     // Generate one output file per input (.proto) file.
 
     for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
       const google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file = files[i];
 
-      string filename = options.output_dir + "/" + GetJSFilename(file->name());
+      string filename =
+          options.output_dir + "/" + GetJSFilename(options, file->name());
       google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(context->Open(filename));
       GOOGLE_CHECK(output.get());
       io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h
index 056c9897..4ca3493c 100755
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <set>
 
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
 
 namespace google {
@@ -53,43 +55,74 @@ namespace compiler {
 namespace js {
 
 struct GeneratorOptions {
-  // Add a `goog.requires()` call for each enum type used. If not set, a forward
-  // declaration with `goog.forwardDeclare` is produced instead.
-  bool add_require_for_enums;
-  // Set this as a test-only module via `goog.setTestOnly();`.
-  bool testonly;
   // Output path.
   string output_dir;
   // Namespace prefix.
   string namespace_prefix;
-  // Create a library with name <name>_lib.js rather than a separate .js file
-  // per type?
-  string library;
-  // Error if there are two types that would generate the same output file?
-  bool error_on_name_conflict;
   // Enable binary-format support?
   bool binary;
   // What style of imports should be used.
   enum ImportStyle {
-    IMPORT_CLOSURE,    // goog.require()
-    IMPORT_COMMONJS,   // require()
-    IMPORT_BROWSER,    // no import statements
-    IMPORT_ES6,        // import { member } from ''
+    kImportClosure,   // goog.require()
+    kImportCommonJs,  // require()
+    kImportBrowser,   // no import statements
+    kImportEs6,       // import { member } from ''
   } import_style;
 
   GeneratorOptions()
-      : add_require_for_enums(false),
-        testonly(false),
-        output_dir("."),
+      : output_dir("."),
         namespace_prefix(""),
+        binary(false),
+        import_style(kImportClosure),
+        add_require_for_enums(false),
+        testonly(false),
         library(""),
         error_on_name_conflict(false),
-        binary(false),
-        import_style(IMPORT_CLOSURE) {}
+        broken_proto3_semantics(false),
+        extension(".js"),
+        one_output_file_per_input_file(false) {}
 
   bool ParseFromOptions(
       const vector< pair< string, string > >& options,
       string* error);
+
+  // Returns the file name extension to use for generated code.
+  string GetFileNameExtension() const {
+    return import_style == kImportClosure ? extension : "_pb.js";
+  }
+
+  enum OutputMode {
+    // Create an output file for each input .proto file.
+    kOneOutputFilePerInputFile,
+    // Create an output file for each type.
+    kOneOutputFilePerType,
+    // Put everything in a single file named by the library option.
+    kEverythingInOneFile,
+  };
+
+  // Indicates how to output the generated code based on the provided options.
+  OutputMode output_mode() const;
+
+  // The remaining options are only relevant when we are using kImportClosure.
+
+  // Add a `goog.requires()` call for each enum type used. If not set, a
+  // forward declaration with `goog.forwardDeclare` is produced instead.
+  bool add_require_for_enums;
+  // Set this as a test-only module via `goog.setTestOnly();`.
+  bool testonly;
+  // Create a library with name <name>_lib.js rather than a separate .js file
+  // per type?
+  string library;
+  // Error if there are two types that would generate the same output file?
+  bool error_on_name_conflict;
+  // Preserve the broken proto3 semantics from the old codegen? This amounts
+  // to using proto2 field presence semantics even for proto3 files. DO NOT
+  // USE except for migrating legacy code.
+  bool broken_proto3_semantics;
+  // The extension to use for output file names.
+  string extension;
+  // Create a separate output file for each input file?
+  bool one_output_file_per_input_file;
 };
 
 // CodeGenerator implementation which generates a JavaScript source file and
@@ -207,6 +240,11 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT Generator : public CodeGenerator {
                                io::Printer* printer,
                                const FileDescriptor* file) const;
 
+  void GenerateFieldValueExpression(io::Printer* printer,
+                                    const char* obj_reference,
+                                    const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                    bool use_default) const;
+
   // Generate definition for one class.
   void GenerateClass(const GeneratorOptions& options,
                      io::Printer* printer,
@@ -276,6 +314,17 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT Generator : public CodeGenerator {
                          io::Printer* printer,
                          const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
 
+  // Generate addFoo() method for repeated primitive fields.
+  void GenerateRepeatedPrimitiveHelperMethods(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                              io::Printer* printer,
+                                              const FieldDescriptor* field,
+                                              bool untyped) const;
+
+  // Generate addFoo() method for repeated message fields.
+  void GenerateRepeatedMessageHelperMethods(const GeneratorOptions& options,
+                                            io::Printer* printer,
+                                            const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
+
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Generator);
 };
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc
index b83b8f32..aca2a5b9 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/main.cc
@@ -32,14 +32,20 @@
 
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/cpp/cpp_generator.h>
+
+#ifndef OPENSOURCE_PROTOBUF_CPP_BOOTSTRAP
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/java/java_generator.h>
+#endif  // ! OPENSOURCE_PROTOBUF_CPP_BOOTSTRAP
+
+#ifndef OPENSOURCE_PROTOBUF_CPP_BOOTSTRAP
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/javanano/javanano_generator.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/php/php_generator.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/ruby/ruby_generator.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/csharp/csharp_generator.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/objectivec/objectivec_generator.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/compiler/js/js_generator.h>
+#endif  // ! OPENSOURCE_PROTOBUF_CPP_BOOTSTRAP
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
 
@@ -51,12 +57,15 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
   cli.RegisterGenerator("--cpp_out", "--cpp_opt", &cpp_generator,
                         "Generate C++ header and source.");
 
+#ifndef OPENSOURCE_PROTOBUF_CPP_BOOTSTRAP
   // Proto2 Java
   google::protobuf::compiler::java::JavaGenerator java_generator;
   cli.RegisterGenerator("--java_out", &java_generator,
                         "Generate Java source file.");
+#endif  // !OPENSOURCE_PROTOBUF_CPP_BOOTSTRAP
 
 
+#ifndef OPENSOURCE_PROTOBUF_CPP_BOOTSTRAP
   // Proto2 Python
   google::protobuf::compiler::python::Generator py_generator;
   cli.RegisterGenerator("--python_out", &py_generator,
@@ -91,6 +100,7 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
   google::protobuf::compiler::js::Generator js_generator;
   cli.RegisterGenerator("--js_out", &js_generator,
                         "Generate JavaScript source.");
+#endif  // !OPENSOURCE_PROTOBUF_CPP_BOOTSTRAP
 
   return cli.Run(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc
index 2ff50f61..e1087601 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.cc
@@ -118,35 +118,16 @@ bool GenerateCode(const CodeGeneratorRequest& request,
 
   GeneratorResponseContext context(response, parsed_files);
 
-  if (generator.HasGenerateAll()) {
-    string error;
-    bool succeeded = generator.GenerateAll(
-        parsed_files, request.parameter(), &context, &error);
-
-    if (!succeeded && error.empty()) {
-      error = "Code generator returned false but provided no error "
-              "description.";
-    }
-    if (!error.empty()) {
-      response->set_error(error);
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (int i = 0; i < parsed_files.size(); i++) {
-      const FileDescriptor* file = parsed_files[i];
-
-      string error;
-      bool succeeded = generator.Generate(
-          file, request.parameter(), &context, &error);
-
-      if (!succeeded && error.empty()) {
-        error = "Code generator returned false but provided no error "
-                "description.";
-      }
-      if (!error.empty()) {
-        response->set_error(file->name() + ": " + error);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+  string error;
+  bool succeeded = generator.GenerateAll(
+      parsed_files, request.parameter(), &context, &error);
+
+  if (!succeeded && error.empty()) {
+    error = "Code generator returned false but provided no error "
+            "description.";
+  }
+  if (!error.empty()) {
+    response->set_error(error);
   }
 
   return true;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc
index 5247f9a2..1c19d46a 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.cc
@@ -52,14 +52,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
   CodeGeneratorRequest_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       CodeGeneratorRequest_descriptor_,
-      CodeGeneratorRequest::default_instance_,
+      CodeGeneratorRequest::internal_default_instance(),
       CodeGeneratorRequest_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorRequest, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorRequest, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(CodeGeneratorRequest),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorRequest, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorRequest, _internal_metadata_));
   CodeGeneratorResponse_descriptor_ = file->message_type(1);
   static const int CodeGeneratorResponse_offsets_[2] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorResponse, error_),
@@ -68,14 +67,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
   CodeGeneratorResponse_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       CodeGeneratorResponse_descriptor_,
-      CodeGeneratorResponse::default_instance_,
+      CodeGeneratorResponse::internal_default_instance(),
       CodeGeneratorResponse_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorResponse, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorResponse, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(CodeGeneratorResponse),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorResponse, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorResponse, _internal_metadata_));
   CodeGeneratorResponse_File_descriptor_ = CodeGeneratorResponse_descriptor_->nested_type(0);
   static const int CodeGeneratorResponse_File_offsets_[3] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorResponse_File, name_),
@@ -85,20 +83,19 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
   CodeGeneratorResponse_File_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       CodeGeneratorResponse_File_descriptor_,
-      CodeGeneratorResponse_File::default_instance_,
+      CodeGeneratorResponse_File::internal_default_instance(),
       CodeGeneratorResponse_File_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorResponse_File, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorResponse_File, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(CodeGeneratorResponse_File),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorResponse_File, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(CodeGeneratorResponse_File, _internal_metadata_));
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
-inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto);
 }
@@ -107,32 +104,45 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      CodeGeneratorRequest_descriptor_, &CodeGeneratorRequest::default_instance());
+      CodeGeneratorRequest_descriptor_, CodeGeneratorRequest::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      CodeGeneratorResponse_descriptor_, &CodeGeneratorResponse::default_instance());
+      CodeGeneratorResponse_descriptor_, CodeGeneratorResponse::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      CodeGeneratorResponse_File_descriptor_, &CodeGeneratorResponse_File::default_instance());
+      CodeGeneratorResponse_File_descriptor_, CodeGeneratorResponse_File::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
-  delete CodeGeneratorRequest::default_instance_;
   delete CodeGeneratorRequest_reflection_;
-  delete CodeGeneratorResponse::default_instance_;
   delete CodeGeneratorResponse_reflection_;
-  delete CodeGeneratorResponse_File::default_instance_;
   delete CodeGeneratorResponse_File_reflection_;
 }
 
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
-  static bool already_here = false;
-  if (already_here) return;
-  already_here = true;
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_impl() {
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 
-  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  CodeGeneratorRequest::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  CodeGeneratorResponse::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  CodeGeneratorResponse_File::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  CodeGeneratorRequest::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  CodeGeneratorResponse::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  CodeGeneratorResponse_File::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_impl);
+}
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_impl() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
     "\n%google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto\022"
     "\030google.protobuf.compiler\032 google/protob"
@@ -148,15 +158,15 @@ void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
     "rotosZ\tplugin_go", 456);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
-  CodeGeneratorRequest::default_instance_ = new CodeGeneratorRequest();
-  CodeGeneratorResponse::default_instance_ = new CodeGeneratorResponse();
-  CodeGeneratorResponse_File::default_instance_ = new CodeGeneratorResponse_File();
-  CodeGeneratorRequest::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  CodeGeneratorResponse::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  CodeGeneratorResponse_File::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto);
 }
 
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_impl);
+}
 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto {
   StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto() {
@@ -164,6 +174,16 @@ struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto
   }
 } static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_;
 
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
@@ -174,6 +194,7 @@ const int CodeGeneratorRequest::kProtoFileFieldNumber;
 
 CodeGeneratorRequest::CodeGeneratorRequest()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
 }
@@ -185,15 +206,13 @@ CodeGeneratorRequest::CodeGeneratorRequest(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorRequest::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   parameter_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 CodeGeneratorRequest::~CodeGeneratorRequest() {
@@ -203,8 +222,6 @@ CodeGeneratorRequest::~CodeGeneratorRequest() {
 
 void CodeGeneratorRequest::SharedDtor() {
   parameter_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorRequest::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -218,11 +235,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* CodeGeneratorRequest::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const CodeGeneratorRequest& CodeGeneratorRequest::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-CodeGeneratorRequest* CodeGeneratorRequest::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<CodeGeneratorRequest> CodeGeneratorRequest::default_instance_;
 
 CodeGeneratorRequest* CodeGeneratorRequest::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   CodeGeneratorRequest* n = new CodeGeneratorRequest;
@@ -239,7 +256,7 @@ void CodeGeneratorRequest::Clear() {
   }
   file_to_generate_.Clear();
   proto_file_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -406,9 +423,9 @@ void CodeGeneratorRequest::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int CodeGeneratorRequest::ByteSize() const {
+size_t CodeGeneratorRequest::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional string parameter = 2;
   if (has_parameter()) {
@@ -418,18 +435,22 @@ int CodeGeneratorRequest::ByteSize() const {
   }
 
   // repeated string file_to_generate = 1;
-  total_size += 1 * this->file_to_generate_size();
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::FromIntSize(this->file_to_generate_size());
   for (int i = 0; i < this->file_to_generate_size(); i++) {
     total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
       this->file_to_generate(i));
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto proto_file = 15;
-  total_size += 1 * this->proto_file_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->proto_file_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->proto_file(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->proto_file_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->proto_file(i));
+    }
   }
 
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
@@ -437,18 +458,17 @@ int CodeGeneratorRequest::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorRequest::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const CodeGeneratorRequest* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const CodeGeneratorRequest* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const CodeGeneratorRequest>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -456,16 +476,22 @@ void CodeGeneratorRequest::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorRequest::MergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
-  file_to_generate_.MergeFrom(from.file_to_generate_);
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::UnsafeMergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
+  file_to_generate_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.file_to_generate_);
   proto_file_.MergeFrom(from.proto_file_);
   if (from._has_bits_[1 / 32] & (0xffu << (1 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_parameter()) {
@@ -474,7 +500,8 @@ void CodeGeneratorRequest::MergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from) {
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -489,7 +516,7 @@ void CodeGeneratorRequest::CopyFrom(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool CodeGeneratorRequest::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -529,49 +556,49 @@ int CodeGeneratorRequest::file_to_generate_size() const {
 void CodeGeneratorRequest::clear_file_to_generate() {
   file_to_generate_.Clear();
 }
- const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorRequest::file_to_generate(int index) const {
+const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorRequest::file_to_generate(int index) const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
   return file_to_generate_.Get(index);
 }
- ::std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_file_to_generate(int index) {
+::std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_file_to_generate(int index) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
   return file_to_generate_.Mutable(index);
 }
- void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
   file_to_generate_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
 }
- void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value) {
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value) {
   file_to_generate_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_file_to_generate(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
   file_to_generate_.Mutable(index)->assign(
     reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
 }
- ::std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate() {
+::std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
   return file_to_generate_.Add();
 }
- void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(const ::std::string& value) {
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(const ::std::string& value) {
   file_to_generate_.Add()->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(const char* value) {
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(const char* value) {
   file_to_generate_.Add()->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::add_file_to_generate(const char* value, size_t size) {
   file_to_generate_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
 }
- const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
 CodeGeneratorRequest::file_to_generate() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
   return file_to_generate_;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
 CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_file_to_generate() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.file_to_generate)
   return &file_to_generate_;
@@ -591,37 +618,37 @@ void CodeGeneratorRequest::clear_parameter() {
   parameter_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_parameter();
 }
- const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorRequest::parameter() const {
+const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorRequest::parameter() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
   return parameter_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(const ::std::string& value) {
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_parameter();
   parameter_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(const char* value) {
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(const char* value) {
   set_has_parameter();
   parameter_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_parameter(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_parameter();
   parameter_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
 }
- ::std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_parameter() {
+::std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::mutable_parameter() {
   set_has_parameter();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
   return parameter_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::release_parameter() {
+::std::string* CodeGeneratorRequest::release_parameter() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorRequest.parameter)
   clear_has_parameter();
   return parameter_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_allocated_parameter(::std::string* parameter) {
+void CodeGeneratorRequest::set_allocated_parameter(::std::string* parameter) {
   if (parameter != NULL) {
     set_has_parameter();
   } else {
@@ -673,6 +700,7 @@ const int CodeGeneratorResponse_File::kContentFieldNumber;
 
 CodeGeneratorResponse_File::CodeGeneratorResponse_File()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
 }
@@ -684,17 +712,15 @@ CodeGeneratorResponse_File::CodeGeneratorResponse_File(const CodeGeneratorRespon
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   insertion_point_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   content_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 CodeGeneratorResponse_File::~CodeGeneratorResponse_File() {
@@ -706,8 +732,6 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::SharedDtor() {
   name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   insertion_point_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   content_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -721,11 +745,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-CodeGeneratorResponse_File* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<CodeGeneratorResponse_File> CodeGeneratorResponse_File::default_instance_;
 
 CodeGeneratorResponse_File* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   CodeGeneratorResponse_File* n = new CodeGeneratorResponse_File;
@@ -748,7 +772,7 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::Clear() {
       content_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
   }
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -921,9 +945,9 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int CodeGeneratorResponse_File::ByteSize() const {
+size_t CodeGeneratorResponse_File::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 7u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
@@ -953,18 +977,17 @@ int CodeGeneratorResponse_File::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const CodeGeneratorResponse_File* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const CodeGeneratorResponse_File* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const CodeGeneratorResponse_File>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -972,15 +995,21 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& fr
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::MergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::UnsafeMergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_name()) {
       set_has_name();
@@ -996,7 +1025,8 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::MergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& fro
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1011,7 +1041,7 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::CopyFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& from
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool CodeGeneratorResponse_File::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1050,6 +1080,7 @@ const int CodeGeneratorResponse::kFileFieldNumber;
 
 CodeGeneratorResponse::CodeGeneratorResponse()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
 }
@@ -1061,15 +1092,13 @@ CodeGeneratorResponse::CodeGeneratorResponse(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorResponse::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   error_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 CodeGeneratorResponse::~CodeGeneratorResponse() {
@@ -1079,8 +1108,6 @@ CodeGeneratorResponse::~CodeGeneratorResponse() {
 
 void CodeGeneratorResponse::SharedDtor() {
   error_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorResponse::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -1094,11 +1121,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* CodeGeneratorResponse::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const CodeGeneratorResponse& CodeGeneratorResponse::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-CodeGeneratorResponse* CodeGeneratorResponse::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<CodeGeneratorResponse> CodeGeneratorResponse::default_instance_;
 
 CodeGeneratorResponse* CodeGeneratorResponse::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   CodeGeneratorResponse* n = new CodeGeneratorResponse;
@@ -1114,7 +1141,7 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse::Clear() {
     error_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   }
   file_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -1241,9 +1268,9 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int CodeGeneratorResponse::ByteSize() const {
+size_t CodeGeneratorResponse::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional string error = 1;
   if (has_error()) {
@@ -1253,11 +1280,14 @@ int CodeGeneratorResponse::ByteSize() const {
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File file = 15;
-  total_size += 1 * this->file_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->file_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->file(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->file_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->file(i));
+    }
   }
 
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
@@ -1265,18 +1295,17 @@ int CodeGeneratorResponse::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorResponse::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const CodeGeneratorResponse* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const CodeGeneratorResponse* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const CodeGeneratorResponse>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -1284,15 +1313,21 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void CodeGeneratorResponse::MergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::UnsafeMergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   file_.MergeFrom(from.file_);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_error()) {
@@ -1301,7 +1336,8 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse::MergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from) {
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1316,7 +1352,7 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse::CopyFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool CodeGeneratorResponse::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1361,37 +1397,37 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::clear_name() {
   name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_name();
 }
- const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::name() const {
+const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
   return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(const char* value) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(const char* value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
 }
- ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::mutable_name() {
   set_has_name();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
   return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::release_name() {
+::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.name)
   clear_has_name();
   return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     set_has_name();
   } else {
@@ -1415,37 +1451,37 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::clear_insertion_point() {
   insertion_point_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_insertion_point();
 }
- const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::insertion_point() const {
+const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::insertion_point() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
   return insertion_point_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(const ::std::string& value) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_insertion_point();
   insertion_point_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(const char* value) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(const char* value) {
   set_has_insertion_point();
   insertion_point_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_insertion_point(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_insertion_point();
   insertion_point_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
 }
- ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::mutable_insertion_point() {
+::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::mutable_insertion_point() {
   set_has_insertion_point();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
   return insertion_point_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::release_insertion_point() {
+::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::release_insertion_point() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.insertion_point)
   clear_has_insertion_point();
   return insertion_point_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_allocated_insertion_point(::std::string* insertion_point) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_allocated_insertion_point(::std::string* insertion_point) {
   if (insertion_point != NULL) {
     set_has_insertion_point();
   } else {
@@ -1469,37 +1505,37 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::clear_content() {
   content_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_content();
 }
- const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::content() const {
+const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse_File::content() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
   return content_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(const ::std::string& value) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_content();
   content_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(const char* value) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(const char* value) {
   set_has_content();
   content_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_content(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_content();
   content_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
 }
- ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::mutable_content() {
+::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::mutable_content() {
   set_has_content();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
   return content_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::release_content() {
+::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse_File::release_content() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.File.content)
   clear_has_content();
   return content_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_allocated_content(::std::string* content) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse_File::set_allocated_content(::std::string* content) {
   if (content != NULL) {
     set_has_content();
   } else {
@@ -1527,37 +1563,37 @@ void CodeGeneratorResponse::clear_error() {
   error_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_error();
 }
- const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse::error() const {
+const ::std::string& CodeGeneratorResponse::error() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
   return error_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(const ::std::string& value) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_error();
   error_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(const char* value) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(const char* value) {
   set_has_error();
   error_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_error(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_error();
   error_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
 }
- ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse::mutable_error() {
+::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse::mutable_error() {
   set_has_error();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
   return error_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse::release_error() {
+::std::string* CodeGeneratorResponse::release_error() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.compiler.CodeGeneratorResponse.error)
   clear_has_error();
   return error_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_allocated_error(::std::string* error) {
+void CodeGeneratorResponse::set_allocated_error(::std::string* error) {
   if (error != NULL) {
     set_has_error();
   } else {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h
index 282c977d..709ab6ba 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.pb.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ namespace compiler {
 
 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 void LIBPROTOC_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
+void LIBPROTOC_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
 void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
 
@@ -68,6 +69,10 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorRequest : public ::google::protobuf::Message
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const CodeGeneratorRequest& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const CodeGeneratorRequest* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(CodeGeneratorRequest* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -82,7 +87,7 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorRequest : public ::google::protobuf::Message
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -98,6 +103,7 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorRequest : public ::google::protobuf::Message
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(CodeGeneratorRequest* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorRequest& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -159,17 +165,18 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorRequest : public ::google::protobuf::Message
   inline void clear_has_parameter();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> file_to_generate_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr parameter_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto > proto_file_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOC_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr parameter_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOC_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOC_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static CodeGeneratorRequest* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<CodeGeneratorRequest> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -196,6 +203,10 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse_File : public ::google::protobuf::M
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const CodeGeneratorResponse_File* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(CodeGeneratorResponse_File* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -210,7 +221,7 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse_File : public ::google::protobuf::M
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -226,6 +237,7 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse_File : public ::google::protobuf::M
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(CodeGeneratorResponse_File* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse_File& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -287,17 +299,18 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse_File : public ::google::protobuf::M
   inline void clear_has_content();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr insertion_point_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr content_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOC_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOC_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOC_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static CodeGeneratorResponse_File* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<CodeGeneratorResponse_File> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -324,6 +337,10 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const CodeGeneratorResponse& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const CodeGeneratorResponse* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(CodeGeneratorResponse* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -338,7 +355,7 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -354,6 +371,7 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(CodeGeneratorResponse* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const CodeGeneratorResponse& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -401,16 +419,17 @@ class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT CodeGeneratorResponse : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   inline void clear_has_error();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr error_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::compiler::CodeGeneratorResponse_File > file_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOC_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr error_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOC_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOC_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fcompiler_2fplugin_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static CodeGeneratorResponse* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<CodeGeneratorResponse> default_instance_;
 };
 // ===================================================================
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc
index d5468a0c..3b1b0d1d 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/compiler/python/python_generator.cc
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ string StripProto(const string& filename) {
 // Returns the Python module name expected for a given .proto filename.
 string ModuleName(const string& filename) {
   string basename = StripProto(filename);
-  StripString(&basename, "-", '_');
-  StripString(&basename, "/", '.');
+  ReplaceCharacters(&basename, "-", '_');
+  ReplaceCharacters(&basename, "/", '.');
   return basename + "_pb2";
 }
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ bool Generator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
   file_ = file;
   string module_name = ModuleName(file->name());
   string filename = module_name;
-  StripString(&filename, ".", '/');
+  ReplaceCharacters(&filename, ".", '/');
   filename += ".py";
 
   FileDescriptorProto fdp;
@@ -430,6 +430,15 @@ void Generator::PrintFileDescriptor() const {
     }
     printer_->Print("]");
   }
+  if (file_->public_dependency_count() > 0) {
+    printer_->Print(",\npublic_dependencies=[");
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->public_dependency_count(); ++i) {
+      string module_alias = ModuleAlias(file_->public_dependency(i)->name());
+      printer_->Print("$module_alias$.DESCRIPTOR,", "module_alias",
+                      module_alias);
+    }
+    printer_->Print("]");
+  }
 
   // TODO(falk): Also print options and fix the message_type, enum_type,
   //             service and extension later in the generation.
@@ -1094,6 +1103,8 @@ void Generator::PrintFieldDescriptor(
   m["default_value"] = StringifyDefaultValue(field);
   m["is_extension"] = is_extension ? "True" : "False";
   m["options"] = OptionsValue("FieldOptions", options_string);
+  m["json_name"] = field.has_json_name() ?
+      ", json_name='" + field.json_name() + "'": "";
   // We always set message_type and enum_type to None at this point, and then
   // these fields in correctly after all referenced descriptors have been
   // defined and/or imported (see FixForeignFieldsInDescriptors()).
@@ -1104,7 +1115,7 @@ void Generator::PrintFieldDescriptor(
     "  has_default_value=$has_default_value$, default_value=$default_value$,\n"
     "  message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,\n"
     "  is_extension=$is_extension$, extension_scope=None,\n"
-    "  options=$options$)";
+    "  options=$options$$json_name$)";
   printer_->Print(m, field_descriptor_decl);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc
index 9b20946c..4dccb585 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 #undef PACKAGE  // autoheader #defines this.  :(
 
 namespace google {
+
 namespace protobuf {
 
 const FieldDescriptor::CppType
@@ -164,6 +165,15 @@ const int FieldDescriptor::kLastReservedNumber;
 
 namespace {
 
+// Note:  I distrust ctype.h due to locales.
+char ToUpper(char ch) {
+  return (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') ? (ch - 'a' + 'A') : ch;
+}
+
+char ToLower(char ch) {
+  return (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') ? (ch - 'A' + 'a') : ch;
+}
+
 string ToCamelCase(const string& input, bool lower_first) {
   bool capitalize_next = !lower_first;
   string result;
@@ -173,12 +183,7 @@ string ToCamelCase(const string& input, bool lower_first) {
     if (input[i] == '_') {
       capitalize_next = true;
     } else if (capitalize_next) {
-      // Note:  I distrust ctype.h due to locales.
-      if ('a' <= input[i] && input[i] <= 'z') {
-        result.push_back(input[i] - 'a' + 'A');
-      } else {
-        result.push_back(input[i]);
-      }
+      result.push_back(ToUpper(input[i]));
       capitalize_next = false;
     } else {
       result.push_back(input[i]);
@@ -186,13 +191,116 @@ string ToCamelCase(const string& input, bool lower_first) {
   }
 
   // Lower-case the first letter.
-  if (lower_first && !result.empty() && 'A' <= result[0] && result[0] <= 'Z') {
-      result[0] = result[0] - 'A' + 'a';
+  if (lower_first && !result.empty()) {
+    result[0] = ToLower(result[0]);
   }
 
   return result;
 }
 
+string ToJsonName(const string& input) {
+  bool capitalize_next = false;
+  string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if (input[i] == '_') {
+      capitalize_next = true;
+    } else if (capitalize_next) {
+      result.push_back(ToUpper(input[i]));
+      capitalize_next = false;
+    } else {
+      result.push_back(input[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+string EnumValueToPascalCase(const string& input) {
+  bool next_upper = true;
+  string result;
+  result.reserve(input.size());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < input.size(); i++) {
+    if (input[i] == '_') {
+      next_upper = true;
+    } else {
+      if (next_upper) {
+        result.push_back(ToUpper(input[i]));
+      } else {
+        result.push_back(ToLower(input[i]));
+      }
+      next_upper = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Class to remove an enum prefix from enum values.
+class PrefixRemover {
+ public:
+  PrefixRemover(StringPiece prefix) {
+    // Strip underscores and lower-case the prefix.
+    for (int i = 0; i < prefix.size(); i++) {
+      if (prefix[i] != '_') {
+        prefix_ += ascii_tolower(prefix[i]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Tries to remove the enum prefix from this enum value.
+  // If this is not possible, returns the input verbatim.
+  string MaybeRemove(StringPiece str) {
+    // We can't just lowercase and strip str and look for a prefix.
+    // We need to properly recognize the difference between:
+    //
+    //   enum Foo {
+    //     FOO_BAR_BAZ = 0;
+    //     FOO_BARBAZ = 1;
+    //   }
+    //
+    // This is acceptable (though perhaps not advisable) because even when
+    // we PascalCase, these two will still be distinct (BarBaz vs. Barbaz).
+    size_t i, j;
+
+    // Skip past prefix_ in str if we can.
+    for (i = 0, j = 0; i < str.size() && j < prefix_.size(); i++) {
+      if (str[i] == '_') {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (ascii_tolower(str[i]) != prefix_[j++]) {
+        return str.as_string();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If we didn't make it through the prefix, we've failed to strip the
+    // prefix.
+    if (j < prefix_.size()) {
+      return str.as_string();
+    }
+
+    // Skip underscores between prefix and further characters.
+    while (i < str.size() && str[i] == '_') {
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    // Enum label can't be the empty string.
+    if (i == str.size()) {
+      return str.as_string();
+    }
+
+    // We successfully stripped the prefix.
+    str.remove_prefix(i);
+    return str.as_string();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  string prefix_;
+};
+
 // A DescriptorPool contains a bunch of hash_maps to implement the
 // various Find*By*() methods.  Since hashtable lookups are O(1), it's
 // most efficient to construct a fixed set of large hash_maps used by
@@ -2390,6 +2498,17 @@ void FieldDescriptor::DebugString(int depth,
     strings::SubstituteAndAppend(contents, " [default = $0",
                                  DefaultValueAsString(true));
   }
+  if (has_json_name_) {
+    if (!bracketed) {
+      bracketed = true;
+      contents->append("[");
+    } else {
+      contents->append(", ");
+    }
+    contents->append("json_name = \"");
+    contents->append(CEscape(json_name()));
+    contents->append("\"");
+  }
 
   string formatted_options;
   if (FormatBracketedOptions(depth, options(), &formatted_options)) {
@@ -2980,6 +3099,8 @@ class DescriptorBuilder {
   void BuildOneof(const OneofDescriptorProto& proto,
                   Descriptor* parent,
                   OneofDescriptor* result);
+  void CheckEnumValueUniqueness(const EnumDescriptorProto& proto,
+                                const EnumDescriptor* result);
   void BuildEnum(const EnumDescriptorProto& proto,
                  const Descriptor* parent,
                  EnumDescriptor* result);
@@ -4232,7 +4353,7 @@ void DescriptorBuilder::BuildFieldOrExtension(const FieldDescriptorProto& proto,
     result->json_name_ = tables_->AllocateString(proto.json_name());
   } else {
     result->has_json_name_ = false;
-    result->json_name_ = result->camelcase_name_;
+    result->json_name_ = tables_->AllocateString(ToJsonName(proto.name()));
   }
 
   // Some compilers do not allow static_cast directly between two enum types,
@@ -4540,6 +4661,61 @@ void DescriptorBuilder::BuildOneof(const OneofDescriptorProto& proto,
             proto, Symbol(result));
 }
 
+void DescriptorBuilder::CheckEnumValueUniqueness(
+    const EnumDescriptorProto& proto, const EnumDescriptor* result) {
+
+  // Check that enum labels are still unique when we remove the enum prefix from
+  // values that have it.
+  //
+  // This will fail for something like:
+  //
+  //   enum MyEnum {
+  //     MY_ENUM_FOO = 0;
+  //     FOO = 1;
+  //   }
+  //
+  // By enforcing this reasonable constraint, we allow code generators to strip
+  // the prefix and/or PascalCase it without creating conflicts.  This can lead
+  // to much nicer language-specific enums like:
+  //
+  //   enum NameType {
+  //     FirstName = 1,
+  //     LastName = 2,
+  //   }
+  //
+  // Instead of:
+  //
+  //   enum NameType {
+  //     NAME_TYPE_FIRST_NAME = 1,
+  //     NAME_TYPE_LAST_NAME = 2,
+  //   }
+  PrefixRemover remover(result->name());
+  map<string, const google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptor*> values;
+  for (int i = 0; i < result->value_count(); i++) {
+    const google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptor* value = result->value(i);
+    string stripped =
+        EnumValueToPascalCase(remover.MaybeRemove(value->name()));
+    std::pair<map<string, const google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptor*>::iterator, bool>
+        insert_result = values.insert(std::make_pair(stripped, value));
+    bool inserted = insert_result.second;
+
+    // We don't throw the error if the two conflicting symbols are identical, or
+    // if they map to the same number.  In the former case, the normal symbol
+    // duplication error will fire so we don't need to (and its error message
+    // will make more sense). We allow the latter case so users can create
+    // aliases which add or remove the prefix (code generators that do prefix
+    // stripping should de-dup the labels in this case).
+    if (!inserted && insert_result.first->second->name() != value->name() &&
+        insert_result.first->second->number() != value->number()) {
+      AddError(value->full_name(), proto.value(i),
+               DescriptorPool::ErrorCollector::NAME,
+               "When enum name is stripped and label is PascalCased (" +
+                   stripped + "), this value label conflicts with " +
+                   values[stripped]->name());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 void DescriptorBuilder::BuildEnum(const EnumDescriptorProto& proto,
                                   const Descriptor* parent,
                                   EnumDescriptor* result) {
@@ -4568,6 +4744,8 @@ void DescriptorBuilder::BuildEnum(const EnumDescriptorProto& proto,
 
   BUILD_ARRAY(proto, result, value, BuildEnumValue, result);
 
+  CheckEnumValueUniqueness(proto, result);
+
   // Copy options.
   if (!proto.has_options()) {
     result->options_ = NULL;  // Will set to default_instance later.
@@ -5254,7 +5432,6 @@ void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateProto3Enum(
   }
 }
 
-
 void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateMessageOptions(Descriptor* message,
                                                const DescriptorProto& proto) {
   VALIDATE_OPTIONS_FROM_ARRAY(message, field, Field);
@@ -5275,7 +5452,6 @@ void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateMessageOptions(Descriptor* message,
                               max_extension_range));
     }
   }
-
 }
 
 void DescriptorBuilder::ValidateFieldOptions(FieldDescriptor* field,
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.h b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.h
index b040b62c..0151e1d9 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.h
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ struct SourceLocation {
   // See the comments in SourceCodeInfo.Location (descriptor.proto) for details.
   string leading_comments;
   string trailing_comments;
-  vector<string> leading_detached_comments;
+  std::vector<string> leading_detached_comments;
 };
 
 // Options when generating machine-parsable output from a descriptor with
@@ -558,6 +558,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldDescriptor {
   // Does this field have an explicitly-declared default value?
   bool has_default_value() const;
 
+  // Whether the user has specified the json_name field option in the .proto
+  // file.
+  bool has_json_name() const;
+
   // Get the field default value if cpp_type() == CPPTYPE_INT32.  If no
   // explicit default was defined, the default is 0.
   int32 default_value_int32() const;
@@ -683,7 +687,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldDescriptor {
   // file.
   bool has_json_name_;
   // If has_json_name_ is true, it's the value specified by the user.
-  // Otherwise, it has the same value as lowercase_name_.
+  // Otherwise, it has the same value as camelcase_name_.
   const string* json_name_;
   const FileDescriptor* file_;
   int number_;
@@ -1699,6 +1703,7 @@ PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, message_type, const Descriptor*)
 PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, enum_type, const EnumDescriptor*)
 PROTOBUF_DEFINE_OPTIONS_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, FieldOptions)
 PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, has_default_value, bool)
+PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, has_json_name, bool)
 PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, default_value_int32 , int32 )
 PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, default_value_int64 , int64 )
 PROTOBUF_DEFINE_ACCESSOR(FieldDescriptor, default_value_uint32, uint32)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc
index 13e8776f..3f310801 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc
@@ -120,14 +120,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   FileDescriptorSet_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       FileDescriptorSet_descriptor_,
-      FileDescriptorSet::default_instance_,
+      FileDescriptorSet::internal_default_instance(),
       FileDescriptorSet_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileDescriptorSet, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileDescriptorSet, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(FileDescriptorSet),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileDescriptorSet, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileDescriptorSet, _internal_metadata_));
   FileDescriptorProto_descriptor_ = file->message_type(1);
   static const int FileDescriptorProto_offsets_[12] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileDescriptorProto, name_),
@@ -146,14 +145,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   FileDescriptorProto_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       FileDescriptorProto_descriptor_,
-      FileDescriptorProto::default_instance_,
+      FileDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance(),
       FileDescriptorProto_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileDescriptorProto, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileDescriptorProto, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(FileDescriptorProto),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_));
   DescriptorProto_descriptor_ = file->message_type(2);
   static const int DescriptorProto_offsets_[10] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, name_),
@@ -170,14 +168,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   DescriptorProto_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       DescriptorProto_descriptor_,
-      DescriptorProto::default_instance_,
+      DescriptorProto::internal_default_instance(),
       DescriptorProto_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(DescriptorProto),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_));
   DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_descriptor_ = DescriptorProto_descriptor_->nested_type(0);
   static const int DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_offsets_[2] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange, start_),
@@ -186,14 +183,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_descriptor_,
-      DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance_,
+      DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::internal_default_instance(),
       DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange, _internal_metadata_));
   DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_descriptor_ = DescriptorProto_descriptor_->nested_type(1);
   static const int DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_offsets_[2] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange, start_),
@@ -202,14 +198,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_descriptor_,
-      DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_,
+      DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::internal_default_instance(),
       DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange, _internal_metadata_));
   FieldDescriptorProto_descriptor_ = file->message_type(3);
   static const int FieldDescriptorProto_offsets_[10] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldDescriptorProto, name_),
@@ -226,14 +221,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   FieldDescriptorProto_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       FieldDescriptorProto_descriptor_,
-      FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance_,
+      FieldDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance(),
       FieldDescriptorProto_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldDescriptorProto, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldDescriptorProto, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(FieldDescriptorProto),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_));
   FieldDescriptorProto_Type_descriptor_ = FieldDescriptorProto_descriptor_->enum_type(0);
   FieldDescriptorProto_Label_descriptor_ = FieldDescriptorProto_descriptor_->enum_type(1);
   OneofDescriptorProto_descriptor_ = file->message_type(4);
@@ -244,14 +238,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   OneofDescriptorProto_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       OneofDescriptorProto_descriptor_,
-      OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance_,
+      OneofDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance(),
       OneofDescriptorProto_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OneofDescriptorProto, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OneofDescriptorProto, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(OneofDescriptorProto),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OneofDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OneofDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_));
   EnumDescriptorProto_descriptor_ = file->message_type(5);
   static const int EnumDescriptorProto_offsets_[3] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumDescriptorProto, name_),
@@ -261,14 +254,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   EnumDescriptorProto_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       EnumDescriptorProto_descriptor_,
-      EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance_,
+      EnumDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance(),
       EnumDescriptorProto_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumDescriptorProto, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumDescriptorProto, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(EnumDescriptorProto),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_));
   EnumValueDescriptorProto_descriptor_ = file->message_type(6);
   static const int EnumValueDescriptorProto_offsets_[3] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValueDescriptorProto, name_),
@@ -278,14 +270,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   EnumValueDescriptorProto_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       EnumValueDescriptorProto_descriptor_,
-      EnumValueDescriptorProto::default_instance_,
+      EnumValueDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance(),
       EnumValueDescriptorProto_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValueDescriptorProto, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValueDescriptorProto, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(EnumValueDescriptorProto),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValueDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValueDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_));
   ServiceDescriptorProto_descriptor_ = file->message_type(7);
   static const int ServiceDescriptorProto_offsets_[3] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ServiceDescriptorProto, name_),
@@ -295,14 +286,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   ServiceDescriptorProto_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       ServiceDescriptorProto_descriptor_,
-      ServiceDescriptorProto::default_instance_,
+      ServiceDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance(),
       ServiceDescriptorProto_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ServiceDescriptorProto, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ServiceDescriptorProto, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(ServiceDescriptorProto),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ServiceDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ServiceDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_));
   MethodDescriptorProto_descriptor_ = file->message_type(8);
   static const int MethodDescriptorProto_offsets_[6] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MethodDescriptorProto, name_),
@@ -315,20 +305,18 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   MethodDescriptorProto_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       MethodDescriptorProto_descriptor_,
-      MethodDescriptorProto::default_instance_,
+      MethodDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance(),
       MethodDescriptorProto_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MethodDescriptorProto, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MethodDescriptorProto, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(MethodDescriptorProto),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MethodDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MethodDescriptorProto, _internal_metadata_));
   FileOptions_descriptor_ = file->message_type(9);
-  static const int FileOptions_offsets_[15] = {
+  static const int FileOptions_offsets_[14] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, java_package_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, java_outer_classname_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, java_multiple_files_),
-    GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, java_generate_equals_and_hash_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, java_string_check_utf8_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, optimize_for_),
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, go_package_),
@@ -344,14 +332,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   FileOptions_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       FileOptions_descriptor_,
-      FileOptions::default_instance_,
+      FileOptions::internal_default_instance(),
       FileOptions_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, _extensions_),
       sizeof(FileOptions),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FileOptions, _internal_metadata_));
   FileOptions_OptimizeMode_descriptor_ = FileOptions_descriptor_->enum_type(0);
   MessageOptions_descriptor_ = file->message_type(10);
   static const int MessageOptions_offsets_[5] = {
@@ -364,14 +351,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   MessageOptions_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       MessageOptions_descriptor_,
-      MessageOptions::default_instance_,
+      MessageOptions::internal_default_instance(),
       MessageOptions_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MessageOptions, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MessageOptions, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MessageOptions, _extensions_),
       sizeof(MessageOptions),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MessageOptions, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MessageOptions, _internal_metadata_));
   FieldOptions_descriptor_ = file->message_type(11);
   static const int FieldOptions_offsets_[7] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, ctype_),
@@ -385,14 +371,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   FieldOptions_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       FieldOptions_descriptor_,
-      FieldOptions::default_instance_,
+      FieldOptions::internal_default_instance(),
       FieldOptions_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, _extensions_),
       sizeof(FieldOptions),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldOptions, _internal_metadata_));
   FieldOptions_CType_descriptor_ = FieldOptions_descriptor_->enum_type(0);
   FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor_ = FieldOptions_descriptor_->enum_type(1);
   OneofOptions_descriptor_ = file->message_type(12);
@@ -402,14 +387,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   OneofOptions_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       OneofOptions_descriptor_,
-      OneofOptions::default_instance_,
+      OneofOptions::internal_default_instance(),
       OneofOptions_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OneofOptions, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OneofOptions, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OneofOptions, _extensions_),
       sizeof(OneofOptions),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OneofOptions, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(OneofOptions, _internal_metadata_));
   EnumOptions_descriptor_ = file->message_type(13);
   static const int EnumOptions_offsets_[3] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumOptions, allow_alias_),
@@ -419,14 +403,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   EnumOptions_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       EnumOptions_descriptor_,
-      EnumOptions::default_instance_,
+      EnumOptions::internal_default_instance(),
       EnumOptions_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumOptions, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumOptions, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumOptions, _extensions_),
       sizeof(EnumOptions),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumOptions, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumOptions, _internal_metadata_));
   EnumValueOptions_descriptor_ = file->message_type(14);
   static const int EnumValueOptions_offsets_[2] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValueOptions, deprecated_),
@@ -435,14 +418,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   EnumValueOptions_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       EnumValueOptions_descriptor_,
-      EnumValueOptions::default_instance_,
+      EnumValueOptions::internal_default_instance(),
       EnumValueOptions_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValueOptions, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValueOptions, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValueOptions, _extensions_),
       sizeof(EnumValueOptions),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValueOptions, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValueOptions, _internal_metadata_));
   ServiceOptions_descriptor_ = file->message_type(15);
   static const int ServiceOptions_offsets_[2] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ServiceOptions, deprecated_),
@@ -451,14 +433,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   ServiceOptions_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       ServiceOptions_descriptor_,
-      ServiceOptions::default_instance_,
+      ServiceOptions::internal_default_instance(),
       ServiceOptions_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ServiceOptions, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ServiceOptions, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ServiceOptions, _extensions_),
       sizeof(ServiceOptions),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ServiceOptions, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ServiceOptions, _internal_metadata_));
   MethodOptions_descriptor_ = file->message_type(16);
   static const int MethodOptions_offsets_[2] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MethodOptions, deprecated_),
@@ -467,14 +448,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   MethodOptions_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       MethodOptions_descriptor_,
-      MethodOptions::default_instance_,
+      MethodOptions::internal_default_instance(),
       MethodOptions_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MethodOptions, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MethodOptions, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MethodOptions, _extensions_),
       sizeof(MethodOptions),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MethodOptions, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(MethodOptions, _internal_metadata_));
   UninterpretedOption_descriptor_ = file->message_type(17);
   static const int UninterpretedOption_offsets_[7] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UninterpretedOption, name_),
@@ -488,14 +468,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   UninterpretedOption_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       UninterpretedOption_descriptor_,
-      UninterpretedOption::default_instance_,
+      UninterpretedOption::internal_default_instance(),
       UninterpretedOption_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UninterpretedOption, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UninterpretedOption, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(UninterpretedOption),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UninterpretedOption, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UninterpretedOption, _internal_metadata_));
   UninterpretedOption_NamePart_descriptor_ = UninterpretedOption_descriptor_->nested_type(0);
   static const int UninterpretedOption_NamePart_offsets_[2] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UninterpretedOption_NamePart, name_part_),
@@ -504,14 +483,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   UninterpretedOption_NamePart_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       UninterpretedOption_NamePart_descriptor_,
-      UninterpretedOption_NamePart::default_instance_,
+      UninterpretedOption_NamePart::internal_default_instance(),
       UninterpretedOption_NamePart_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UninterpretedOption_NamePart, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UninterpretedOption_NamePart, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(UninterpretedOption_NamePart),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UninterpretedOption_NamePart, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UninterpretedOption_NamePart, _internal_metadata_));
   SourceCodeInfo_descriptor_ = file->message_type(18);
   static const int SourceCodeInfo_offsets_[1] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo, location_),
@@ -519,14 +497,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   SourceCodeInfo_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       SourceCodeInfo_descriptor_,
-      SourceCodeInfo::default_instance_,
+      SourceCodeInfo::internal_default_instance(),
       SourceCodeInfo_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(SourceCodeInfo),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo, _internal_metadata_));
   SourceCodeInfo_Location_descriptor_ = SourceCodeInfo_descriptor_->nested_type(0);
   static const int SourceCodeInfo_Location_offsets_[5] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo_Location, path_),
@@ -538,14 +515,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   SourceCodeInfo_Location_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       SourceCodeInfo_Location_descriptor_,
-      SourceCodeInfo_Location::default_instance_,
+      SourceCodeInfo_Location::internal_default_instance(),
       SourceCodeInfo_Location_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo_Location, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo_Location, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(SourceCodeInfo_Location),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo_Location, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceCodeInfo_Location, _internal_metadata_));
   GeneratedCodeInfo_descriptor_ = file->message_type(19);
   static const int GeneratedCodeInfo_offsets_[1] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(GeneratedCodeInfo, annotation_),
@@ -553,14 +529,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   GeneratedCodeInfo_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       GeneratedCodeInfo_descriptor_,
-      GeneratedCodeInfo::default_instance_,
+      GeneratedCodeInfo::internal_default_instance(),
       GeneratedCodeInfo_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(GeneratedCodeInfo, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(GeneratedCodeInfo, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(GeneratedCodeInfo),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(GeneratedCodeInfo, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(GeneratedCodeInfo, _internal_metadata_));
   GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_descriptor_ = GeneratedCodeInfo_descriptor_->nested_type(0);
   static const int GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_offsets_[4] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation, path_),
@@ -571,20 +546,19 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
   GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_descriptor_,
-      GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::default_instance_,
+      GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::internal_default_instance(),
       GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_offsets_,
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation, _has_bits_[0]),
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation, _has_bits_),
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation, _internal_metadata_),
-      -1);
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation, _internal_metadata_));
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
-inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
 }
@@ -593,119 +567,164 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      FileDescriptorSet_descriptor_, &FileDescriptorSet::default_instance());
+      FileDescriptorSet_descriptor_, FileDescriptorSet::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      FileDescriptorProto_descriptor_, &FileDescriptorProto::default_instance());
+      FileDescriptorProto_descriptor_, FileDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      DescriptorProto_descriptor_, &DescriptorProto::default_instance());
+      DescriptorProto_descriptor_, DescriptorProto::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_descriptor_, &DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance());
+      DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_descriptor_, DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_descriptor_, &DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance());
+      DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_descriptor_, DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      FieldDescriptorProto_descriptor_, &FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance());
+      FieldDescriptorProto_descriptor_, FieldDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      OneofDescriptorProto_descriptor_, &OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance());
+      OneofDescriptorProto_descriptor_, OneofDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      EnumDescriptorProto_descriptor_, &EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance());
+      EnumDescriptorProto_descriptor_, EnumDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      EnumValueDescriptorProto_descriptor_, &EnumValueDescriptorProto::default_instance());
+      EnumValueDescriptorProto_descriptor_, EnumValueDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      ServiceDescriptorProto_descriptor_, &ServiceDescriptorProto::default_instance());
+      ServiceDescriptorProto_descriptor_, ServiceDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      MethodDescriptorProto_descriptor_, &MethodDescriptorProto::default_instance());
+      MethodDescriptorProto_descriptor_, MethodDescriptorProto::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      FileOptions_descriptor_, &FileOptions::default_instance());
+      FileOptions_descriptor_, FileOptions::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      MessageOptions_descriptor_, &MessageOptions::default_instance());
+      MessageOptions_descriptor_, MessageOptions::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      FieldOptions_descriptor_, &FieldOptions::default_instance());
+      FieldOptions_descriptor_, FieldOptions::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      OneofOptions_descriptor_, &OneofOptions::default_instance());
+      OneofOptions_descriptor_, OneofOptions::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      EnumOptions_descriptor_, &EnumOptions::default_instance());
+      EnumOptions_descriptor_, EnumOptions::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      EnumValueOptions_descriptor_, &EnumValueOptions::default_instance());
+      EnumValueOptions_descriptor_, EnumValueOptions::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      ServiceOptions_descriptor_, &ServiceOptions::default_instance());
+      ServiceOptions_descriptor_, ServiceOptions::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      MethodOptions_descriptor_, &MethodOptions::default_instance());
+      MethodOptions_descriptor_, MethodOptions::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      UninterpretedOption_descriptor_, &UninterpretedOption::default_instance());
+      UninterpretedOption_descriptor_, UninterpretedOption::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      UninterpretedOption_NamePart_descriptor_, &UninterpretedOption_NamePart::default_instance());
+      UninterpretedOption_NamePart_descriptor_, UninterpretedOption_NamePart::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      SourceCodeInfo_descriptor_, &SourceCodeInfo::default_instance());
+      SourceCodeInfo_descriptor_, SourceCodeInfo::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      SourceCodeInfo_Location_descriptor_, &SourceCodeInfo_Location::default_instance());
+      SourceCodeInfo_Location_descriptor_, SourceCodeInfo_Location::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      GeneratedCodeInfo_descriptor_, &GeneratedCodeInfo::default_instance());
+      GeneratedCodeInfo_descriptor_, GeneratedCodeInfo::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_descriptor_, &GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::default_instance());
+      GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_descriptor_, GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
-  delete FileDescriptorSet::default_instance_;
   delete FileDescriptorSet_reflection_;
-  delete FileDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
   delete FileDescriptorProto_reflection_;
-  delete DescriptorProto::default_instance_;
   delete DescriptorProto_reflection_;
-  delete DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance_;
   delete DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange_reflection_;
-  delete DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_;
   delete DescriptorProto_ReservedRange_reflection_;
-  delete FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
   delete FieldDescriptorProto_reflection_;
-  delete OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
   delete OneofDescriptorProto_reflection_;
-  delete EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
   delete EnumDescriptorProto_reflection_;
-  delete EnumValueDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
   delete EnumValueDescriptorProto_reflection_;
-  delete ServiceDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
   delete ServiceDescriptorProto_reflection_;
-  delete MethodDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
   delete MethodDescriptorProto_reflection_;
-  delete FileOptions::default_instance_;
   delete FileOptions_reflection_;
-  delete MessageOptions::default_instance_;
   delete MessageOptions_reflection_;
-  delete FieldOptions::default_instance_;
   delete FieldOptions_reflection_;
-  delete OneofOptions::default_instance_;
   delete OneofOptions_reflection_;
-  delete EnumOptions::default_instance_;
   delete EnumOptions_reflection_;
-  delete EnumValueOptions::default_instance_;
   delete EnumValueOptions_reflection_;
-  delete ServiceOptions::default_instance_;
   delete ServiceOptions_reflection_;
-  delete MethodOptions::default_instance_;
   delete MethodOptions_reflection_;
-  delete UninterpretedOption::default_instance_;
   delete UninterpretedOption_reflection_;
-  delete UninterpretedOption_NamePart::default_instance_;
   delete UninterpretedOption_NamePart_reflection_;
-  delete SourceCodeInfo::default_instance_;
   delete SourceCodeInfo_reflection_;
-  delete SourceCodeInfo_Location::default_instance_;
   delete SourceCodeInfo_Location_reflection_;
-  delete GeneratedCodeInfo::default_instance_;
   delete GeneratedCodeInfo_reflection_;
-  delete GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::default_instance_;
   delete GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation_reflection_;
 }
 
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
-  static bool already_here = false;
-  if (already_here) return;
-  already_here = true;
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  FileDescriptorSet::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  FileDescriptorProto::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  DescriptorProto::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  EnumValueDescriptorProto::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  ServiceDescriptorProto::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  MethodDescriptorProto::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  FileOptions::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  MessageOptions::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  FieldOptions::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  OneofOptions::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  EnumOptions::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  EnumValueOptions::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ServiceOptions::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  MethodOptions::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  UninterpretedOption::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  UninterpretedOption_NamePart::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  SourceCodeInfo::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  SourceCodeInfo_Location::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  GeneratedCodeInfo::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  FileDescriptorSet::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  FileDescriptorProto::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  DescriptorProto::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  EnumValueDescriptorProto::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ServiceDescriptorProto::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  MethodDescriptorProto::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  FileOptions::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  MessageOptions::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  FieldOptions::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  OneofOptions::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  EnumOptions::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  EnumValueOptions::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ServiceOptions::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  MethodOptions::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  UninterpretedOption::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  UninterpretedOption_NamePart::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  SourceCodeInfo::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  SourceCodeInfo_Location::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  GeneratedCodeInfo::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl);
+}
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl() {
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
     "\n google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\022\017goog"
     "le.protobuf\"G\n\021FileDescriptorSet\0222\n\004file"
@@ -772,29 +791,28 @@ void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
     "\n\013output_type\030\003 \001(\t\022/\n\007options\030\004 \001(\0132\036.g"
     "oogle.protobuf.MethodOptions\022\037\n\020client_s"
     "treaming\030\005 \001(\010:\005false\022\037\n\020server_streamin"
-    "g\030\006 \001(\010:\005false\"\207\005\n\013FileOptions\022\024\n\014java_p"
+    "g\030\006 \001(\010:\005false\"\331\004\n\013FileOptions\022\024\n\014java_p"
     "ackage\030\001 \001(\t\022\034\n\024java_outer_classname\030\010 \001"
-    "(\t\022\"\n\023java_multiple_files\030\n \001(\010:\005false\022,"
-    "\n\035java_generate_equals_and_hash\030\024 \001(\010:\005f"
-    "alse\022%\n\026java_string_check_utf8\030\033 \001(\010:\005fa"
-    "lse\022F\n\014optimize_for\030\t \001(\0162).google.proto"
-    "buf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode:\005SPEED\022\022\n\ng"
-    "o_package\030\013 \001(\t\022\"\n\023cc_generic_services\030\020"
-    " \001(\010:\005false\022$\n\025java_generic_services\030\021 \001"
-    "(\010:\005false\022\"\n\023py_generic_services\030\022 \001(\010:\005"
-    "false\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030\027 \001(\010:\005false\022\037\n\020cc_e"
-    "nable_arenas\030\037 \001(\010:\005false\022\031\n\021objc_class_"
-    "prefix\030$ \001(\t\022\030\n\020csharp_namespace\030% \001(\t\022C"
-    "\n\024uninterpreted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.google.p"
-    "rotobuf.UninterpretedOption\":\n\014OptimizeM"
-    "ode\022\t\n\005SPEED\020\001\022\r\n\tCODE_SIZE\020\002\022\020\n\014LITE_RU"
-    "NTIME\020\003*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002J\004\010&\020\'\"\346\001\n\016MessageOpti"
-    "ons\022&\n\027message_set_wire_format\030\001 \001(\010:\005fa"
-    "lse\022.\n\037no_standard_descriptor_accessor\030\002"
-    " \001(\010:\005false\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030\003 \001(\010:\005false\022\021"
-    "\n\tmap_entry\030\007 \001(\010\022C\n\024uninterpreted_optio"
-    "n\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.google.protobuf.Uninterpreted"
-    "Option*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"\230\003\n\014FieldOptions\022:\n\005ct"
+    "(\t\022\"\n\023java_multiple_files\030\n \001(\010:\005false\022%"
+    "\n\026java_string_check_utf8\030\033 \001(\010:\005false\022F\n"
+    "\014optimize_for\030\t \001(\0162).google.protobuf.Fi"
+    "leOptions.OptimizeMode:\005SPEED\022\022\n\ngo_pack"
+    "age\030\013 \001(\t\022\"\n\023cc_generic_services\030\020 \001(\010:\005"
+    "false\022$\n\025java_generic_services\030\021 \001(\010:\005fa"
+    "lse\022\"\n\023py_generic_services\030\022 \001(\010:\005false\022"
+    "\031\n\ndeprecated\030\027 \001(\010:\005false\022\037\n\020cc_enable_"
+    "arenas\030\037 \001(\010:\005false\022\031\n\021objc_class_prefix"
+    "\030$ \001(\t\022\030\n\020csharp_namespace\030% \001(\t\022C\n\024unin"
+    "terpreted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.google.protobu"
+    "f.UninterpretedOption\":\n\014OptimizeMode\022\t\n"
+    "\005SPEED\020\001\022\r\n\tCODE_SIZE\020\002\022\020\n\014LITE_RUNTIME\020"
+    "\003*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002J\004\010&\020\'\"\354\001\n\016MessageOptions\022&\n"
+    "\027message_set_wire_format\030\001 \001(\010:\005false\022.\n"
+    "\037no_standard_descriptor_accessor\030\002 \001(\010:\005"
+    "false\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030\003 \001(\010:\005false\022\021\n\tmap_"
+    "entry\030\007 \001(\010\022C\n\024uninterpreted_option\030\347\007 \003"
+    "(\0132$.google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption"
+    "*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002J\004\010\010\020\t\"\236\003\n\014FieldOptions\022:\n\005ct"
     "ype\030\001 \001(\0162#.google.protobuf.FieldOptions"
     ".CType:\006STRING\022\016\n\006packed\030\002 \001(\010\022\?\n\006jstype"
     "\030\006 \001(\0162$.google.protobuf.FieldOptions.JS"
@@ -804,97 +822,52 @@ void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
     "ogle.protobuf.UninterpretedOption\"/\n\005CTy"
     "pe\022\n\n\006STRING\020\000\022\010\n\004CORD\020\001\022\020\n\014STRING_PIECE"
     "\020\002\"5\n\006JSType\022\r\n\tJS_NORMAL\020\000\022\r\n\tJS_STRING"
-    "\020\001\022\r\n\tJS_NUMBER\020\002*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"^\n\014OneofOpt"
-    "ions\022C\n\024uninterpreted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.go"
-    "ogle.protobuf.UninterpretedOption*\t\010\350\007\020\200"
-    "\200\200\200\002\"\215\001\n\013EnumOptions\022\023\n\013allow_alias\030\002 \001("
-    "\010\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030\003 \001(\010:\005false\022C\n\024uninterp"
-    "reted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.google.protobuf.Un"
-    "interpretedOption*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"}\n\020EnumValu"
-    "eOptions\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030\001 \001(\010:\005false\022C\n\024u"
-    "ninterpreted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.google.prot"
-    "obuf.UninterpretedOption*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"{\n\016S"
-    "erviceOptions\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030! \001(\010:\005false"
-    "\022C\n\024uninterpreted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.google"
-    ".protobuf.UninterpretedOption*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002"
-    "\"z\n\rMethodOptions\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030! \001(\010:\005f"
-    "alse\022C\n\024uninterpreted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.go"
-    "ogle.protobuf.UninterpretedOption*\t\010\350\007\020\200"
-    "\200\200\200\002\"\236\002\n\023UninterpretedOption\022;\n\004name\030\002 \003"
-    "(\0132-.google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption"
-    ".NamePart\022\030\n\020identifier_value\030\003 \001(\t\022\032\n\022p"
-    "ositive_int_value\030\004 \001(\004\022\032\n\022negative_int_"
-    "value\030\005 \001(\003\022\024\n\014double_value\030\006 \001(\001\022\024\n\014str"
-    "ing_value\030\007 \001(\014\022\027\n\017aggregate_value\030\010 \001(\t"
-    "\0323\n\010NamePart\022\021\n\tname_part\030\001 \002(\t\022\024\n\014is_ex"
-    "tension\030\002 \002(\010\"\325\001\n\016SourceCodeInfo\022:\n\010loca"
-    "tion\030\001 \003(\0132(.google.protobuf.SourceCodeI"
-    "nfo.Location\032\206\001\n\010Location\022\020\n\004path\030\001 \003(\005B"
-    "\002\020\001\022\020\n\004span\030\002 \003(\005B\002\020\001\022\030\n\020leading_comment"
-    "s\030\003 \001(\t\022\031\n\021trailing_comments\030\004 \001(\t\022!\n\031le"
-    "ading_detached_comments\030\006 \003(\t\"\247\001\n\021Genera"
-    "tedCodeInfo\022A\n\nannotation\030\001 \003(\0132-.google"
-    ".protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation\032O"
-    "\n\nAnnotation\022\020\n\004path\030\001 \003(\005B\002\020\001\022\023\n\013source"
-    "_file\030\002 \001(\t\022\r\n\005begin\030\003 \001(\005\022\013\n\003end\030\004 \001(\005B"
-    "[\n\023com.google.protobufB\020DescriptorProtos"
-    "H\001Z\ndescriptor\240\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\032Google.Protobu"
-    "f.Reflection", 5292);
+    "\020\001\022\r\n\tJS_NUMBER\020\002*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002J\004\010\004\020\005\"^\n\014On"
+    "eofOptions\022C\n\024uninterpreted_option\030\347\007 \003("
+    "\0132$.google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption*"
+    "\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"\215\001\n\013EnumOptions\022\023\n\013allow_alia"
+    "s\030\002 \001(\010\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030\003 \001(\010:\005false\022C\n\024un"
+    "interpreted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.google.proto"
+    "buf.UninterpretedOption*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"}\n\020En"
+    "umValueOptions\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030\001 \001(\010:\005fals"
+    "e\022C\n\024uninterpreted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$.googl"
+    "e.protobuf.UninterpretedOption*\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200"
+    "\002\"{\n\016ServiceOptions\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030! \001(\010:"
+    "\005false\022C\n\024uninterpreted_option\030\347\007 \003(\0132$."
+    "google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption*\t\010\350\007"
+    "\020\200\200\200\200\002\"z\n\rMethodOptions\022\031\n\ndeprecated\030! "
+    "\001(\010:\005false\022C\n\024uninterpreted_option\030\347\007 \003("
+    "\0132$.google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption*"
+    "\t\010\350\007\020\200\200\200\200\002\"\236\002\n\023UninterpretedOption\022;\n\004na"
+    "me\030\002 \003(\0132-.google.protobuf.Uninterpreted"
+    "Option.NamePart\022\030\n\020identifier_value\030\003 \001("
+    "\t\022\032\n\022positive_int_value\030\004 \001(\004\022\032\n\022negativ"
+    "e_int_value\030\005 \001(\003\022\024\n\014double_value\030\006 \001(\001\022"
+    "\024\n\014string_value\030\007 \001(\014\022\027\n\017aggregate_value"
+    "\030\010 \001(\t\0323\n\010NamePart\022\021\n\tname_part\030\001 \002(\t\022\024\n"
+    "\014is_extension\030\002 \002(\010\"\325\001\n\016SourceCodeInfo\022:"
+    "\n\010location\030\001 \003(\0132(.google.protobuf.Sourc"
+    "eCodeInfo.Location\032\206\001\n\010Location\022\020\n\004path\030"
+    "\001 \003(\005B\002\020\001\022\020\n\004span\030\002 \003(\005B\002\020\001\022\030\n\020leading_c"
+    "omments\030\003 \001(\t\022\031\n\021trailing_comments\030\004 \001(\t"
+    "\022!\n\031leading_detached_comments\030\006 \003(\t\"\247\001\n\021"
+    "GeneratedCodeInfo\022A\n\nannotation\030\001 \003(\0132-."
+    "google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annota"
+    "tion\032O\n\nAnnotation\022\020\n\004path\030\001 \003(\005B\002\020\001\022\023\n\013"
+    "source_file\030\002 \001(\t\022\r\n\005begin\030\003 \001(\005\022\013\n\003end\030"
+    "\004 \001(\005BX\n\023com.google.protobufB\020Descriptor"
+    "ProtosH\001Z\ndescriptor\242\002\003GPB\252\002\032Google.Prot"
+    "obuf.Reflection", 5255);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
-  FileDescriptorSet::default_instance_ = new FileDescriptorSet();
-  FileDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new FileDescriptorProto();
-  DescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new DescriptorProto();
-  DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance_ = new DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange();
-  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_ = new DescriptorProto_ReservedRange();
-  FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new FieldDescriptorProto();
-  OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new OneofDescriptorProto();
-  EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new EnumDescriptorProto();
-  EnumValueDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new EnumValueDescriptorProto();
-  ServiceDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new ServiceDescriptorProto();
-  MethodDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = new MethodDescriptorProto();
-  FileOptions::default_instance_ = new FileOptions();
-  MessageOptions::default_instance_ = new MessageOptions();
-  FieldOptions::default_instance_ = new FieldOptions();
-  OneofOptions::default_instance_ = new OneofOptions();
-  EnumOptions::default_instance_ = new EnumOptions();
-  EnumValueOptions::default_instance_ = new EnumValueOptions();
-  ServiceOptions::default_instance_ = new ServiceOptions();
-  MethodOptions::default_instance_ = new MethodOptions();
-  UninterpretedOption::default_instance_ = new UninterpretedOption();
-  UninterpretedOption_NamePart::default_instance_ = new UninterpretedOption_NamePart();
-  SourceCodeInfo::default_instance_ = new SourceCodeInfo();
-  SourceCodeInfo_Location::default_instance_ = new SourceCodeInfo_Location();
-  GeneratedCodeInfo::default_instance_ = new GeneratedCodeInfo();
-  GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::default_instance_ = new GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation();
-  FileDescriptorSet::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  FileDescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  DescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  EnumValueDescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  ServiceDescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  MethodDescriptorProto::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  FileOptions::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  MessageOptions::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  FieldOptions::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  OneofOptions::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  EnumOptions::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  EnumValueOptions::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  ServiceOptions::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  MethodOptions::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  UninterpretedOption::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  UninterpretedOption_NamePart::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  SourceCodeInfo::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  SourceCodeInfo_Location::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  GeneratedCodeInfo::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto);
 }
 
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl);
+}
 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto {
   StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto() {
@@ -902,6 +875,16 @@ struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto {
   }
 } static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_;
 
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
@@ -910,6 +893,7 @@ const int FileDescriptorSet::kFileFieldNumber;
 
 FileDescriptorSet::FileDescriptorSet()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
 }
@@ -921,13 +905,12 @@ FileDescriptorSet::FileDescriptorSet(const FileDescriptorSet& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
 }
 
 void FileDescriptorSet::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 FileDescriptorSet::~FileDescriptorSet() {
@@ -936,8 +919,6 @@ FileDescriptorSet::~FileDescriptorSet() {
 }
 
 void FileDescriptorSet::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void FileDescriptorSet::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -951,11 +932,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FileDescriptorSet::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const FileDescriptorSet& FileDescriptorSet::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-FileDescriptorSet* FileDescriptorSet::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FileDescriptorSet> FileDescriptorSet::default_instance_;
 
 FileDescriptorSet* FileDescriptorSet::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   FileDescriptorSet* n = new FileDescriptorSet;
@@ -968,7 +949,7 @@ FileDescriptorSet* FileDescriptorSet::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) cons
 void FileDescriptorSet::Clear() {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
   file_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -1057,16 +1038,19 @@ void FileDescriptorSet::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int FileDescriptorSet::ByteSize() const {
+size_t FileDescriptorSet::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto file = 1;
-  total_size += 1 * this->file_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->file_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->file(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->file_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->file(i));
+    }
   }
 
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
@@ -1074,18 +1058,17 @@ int FileDescriptorSet::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void FileDescriptorSet::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const FileDescriptorSet* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const FileDescriptorSet* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FileDescriptorSet>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -1093,18 +1076,25 @@ void FileDescriptorSet::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void FileDescriptorSet::MergeFrom(const FileDescriptorSet& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorSet::UnsafeMergeFrom(const FileDescriptorSet& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   file_.MergeFrom(from.file_);
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1119,7 +1109,7 @@ void FileDescriptorSet::CopyFrom(const FileDescriptorSet& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorSet)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool FileDescriptorSet::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1201,32 +1191,33 @@ const int FileDescriptorProto::kSyntaxFieldNumber;
 
 FileDescriptorProto::FileDescriptorProto()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void FileDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::FileOptions*>(&::google::protobuf::FileOptions::default_instance());
-  source_code_info_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo*>(&::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo::default_instance());
+  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::FileOptions*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::FileOptions::internal_default_instance());
+  source_code_info_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 FileDescriptorProto::FileDescriptorProto(const FileDescriptorProto& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void FileDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   package_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  syntax_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   options_ = NULL;
   source_code_info_ = NULL;
-  syntax_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 FileDescriptorProto::~FileDescriptorProto() {
@@ -1238,10 +1229,8 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
   name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   package_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   syntax_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-    delete options_;
-    delete source_code_info_;
-  }
+  delete options_;
+  delete source_code_info_;
 }
 
 void FileDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -1255,11 +1244,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FileDescriptorProto::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const FileDescriptorProto& FileDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-FileDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FileDescriptorProto> FileDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
 
 FileDescriptorProto* FileDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   FileDescriptorProto* n = new FileDescriptorProto;
@@ -1297,7 +1286,7 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::Clear() {
   enum_type_.Clear();
   service_.Clear();
   extension_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -1740,9 +1729,9 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int FileDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
+size_t FileDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
@@ -1784,7 +1773,8 @@ int FileDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
   }
   // repeated string dependency = 3;
-  total_size += 1 * this->dependency_size();
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::FromIntSize(this->dependency_size());
   for (int i = 0; i < this->dependency_size(); i++) {
     total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
       this->dependency(i));
@@ -1792,54 +1782,72 @@ int FileDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
   // repeated int32 public_dependency = 10;
   {
-    int data_size = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < this->public_dependency_size(); i++) {
+    size_t data_size = 0;
+    unsigned int count = this->public_dependency_size();
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
       data_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
         Int32Size(this->public_dependency(i));
     }
-    total_size += 1 * this->public_dependency_size() + data_size;
+    total_size += 1 *
+                  ::google::protobuf::internal::FromIntSize(this->public_dependency_size());
+    total_size += data_size;
   }
 
   // repeated int32 weak_dependency = 11;
   {
-    int data_size = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < this->weak_dependency_size(); i++) {
+    size_t data_size = 0;
+    unsigned int count = this->weak_dependency_size();
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
       data_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
         Int32Size(this->weak_dependency(i));
     }
-    total_size += 1 * this->weak_dependency_size() + data_size;
+    total_size += 1 *
+                  ::google::protobuf::internal::FromIntSize(this->weak_dependency_size());
+    total_size += data_size;
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto message_type = 4;
-  total_size += 1 * this->message_type_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->message_type_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->message_type(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->message_type_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->message_type(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 5;
-  total_size += 1 * this->enum_type_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->enum_type_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->enum_type(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->enum_type_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->enum_type(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto service = 6;
-  total_size += 1 * this->service_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->service_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->service(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->service_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->service(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 7;
-  total_size += 1 * this->extension_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->extension_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->extension(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->extension_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->extension(i));
+    }
   }
 
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
@@ -1847,18 +1855,17 @@ int FileDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void FileDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const FileDescriptorProto* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const FileDescriptorProto* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FileDescriptorProto>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -1866,18 +1873,24 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void FileDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const FileDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
-  dependency_.MergeFrom(from.dependency_);
-  public_dependency_.MergeFrom(from.public_dependency_);
-  weak_dependency_.MergeFrom(from.weak_dependency_);
+}
+
+void FileDescriptorProto::UnsafeMergeFrom(const FileDescriptorProto& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
+  dependency_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.dependency_);
+  public_dependency_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.public_dependency_);
+  weak_dependency_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.weak_dependency_);
   message_type_.MergeFrom(from.message_type_);
   enum_type_.MergeFrom(from.enum_type_);
   service_.MergeFrom(from.service_);
@@ -1905,7 +1918,8 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const FileDescriptorProto& from) {
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1920,7 +1934,7 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const FileDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool FileDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1982,37 +1996,37 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
   name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_name();
 }
- const ::std::string& FileDescriptorProto::name() const {
+const ::std::string& FileDescriptorProto::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
   set_has_name();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.name)
   clear_has_name();
   return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     set_has_name();
   } else {
@@ -2036,37 +2050,37 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::clear_package() {
   package_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_package();
 }
- const ::std::string& FileDescriptorProto::package() const {
+const ::std::string& FileDescriptorProto::package() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
   return package_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_package();
   package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(const char* value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(const char* value) {
   set_has_package();
   package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_package(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_package();
   package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
 }
- ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_package() {
+::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_package() {
   set_has_package();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
   return package_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::release_package() {
+::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::release_package() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.package)
   clear_has_package();
   return package_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_package(::std::string* package) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_package(::std::string* package) {
   if (package != NULL) {
     set_has_package();
   } else {
@@ -2083,49 +2097,49 @@ int FileDescriptorProto::dependency_size() const {
 void FileDescriptorProto::clear_dependency() {
   dependency_.Clear();
 }
- const ::std::string& FileDescriptorProto::dependency(int index) const {
+const ::std::string& FileDescriptorProto::dependency(int index) const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
   return dependency_.Get(index);
 }
- ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_dependency(int index) {
+::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_dependency(int index) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
   return dependency_.Mutable(index);
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
   dependency_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, const char* value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, const char* value) {
   dependency_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_dependency(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
   dependency_.Mutable(index)->assign(
     reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
 }
- ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency() {
+::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
   return dependency_.Add();
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(const ::std::string& value) {
   dependency_.Add()->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(const char* value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(const char* value) {
   dependency_.Add()->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::add_dependency(const char* value, size_t size) {
   dependency_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
 }
- const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
 FileDescriptorProto::dependency() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
   return dependency_;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
 FileDescriptorProto::mutable_dependency() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.dependency)
   return &dependency_;
@@ -2138,24 +2152,24 @@ int FileDescriptorProto::public_dependency_size() const {
 void FileDescriptorProto::clear_public_dependency() {
   public_dependency_.Clear();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 FileDescriptorProto::public_dependency(int index) const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 FileDescriptorProto::public_dependency(int index) const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
   return public_dependency_.Get(index);
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_public_dependency(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_public_dependency(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   public_dependency_.Set(index, value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::add_public_dependency(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::add_public_dependency(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   public_dependency_.Add(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
 }
- const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
 FileDescriptorProto::public_dependency() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
   return public_dependency_;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
 FileDescriptorProto::mutable_public_dependency() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.public_dependency)
   return &public_dependency_;
@@ -2168,24 +2182,24 @@ int FileDescriptorProto::weak_dependency_size() const {
 void FileDescriptorProto::clear_weak_dependency() {
   weak_dependency_.Clear();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 FileDescriptorProto::weak_dependency(int index) const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 FileDescriptorProto::weak_dependency(int index) const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
   return weak_dependency_.Get(index);
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_weak_dependency(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_weak_dependency(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   weak_dependency_.Set(index, value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::add_weak_dependency(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::add_weak_dependency(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   weak_dependency_.Add(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
 }
- const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
 FileDescriptorProto::weak_dependency() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
   return weak_dependency_;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
 FileDescriptorProto::mutable_weak_dependency() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.weak_dependency)
   return &weak_dependency_;
@@ -2327,7 +2341,8 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::FileOptions& FileDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::FileOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::FileOptions* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -2371,7 +2386,8 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::clear_source_code_info() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo& FileDescriptorProto::source_code_info() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.source_code_info)
-  return source_code_info_ != NULL ? *source_code_info_ : *default_instance_->source_code_info_;
+  return source_code_info_ != NULL ? *source_code_info_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_source_code_info() {
   set_has_source_code_info();
@@ -2413,37 +2429,37 @@ void FileDescriptorProto::clear_syntax() {
   syntax_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_syntax();
 }
- const ::std::string& FileDescriptorProto::syntax() const {
+const ::std::string& FileDescriptorProto::syntax() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
   return syntax_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_syntax();
   syntax_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(const char* value) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(const char* value) {
   set_has_syntax();
   syntax_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_syntax(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_syntax();
   syntax_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
 }
- ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_syntax() {
+::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_syntax() {
   set_has_syntax();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
   return syntax_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::release_syntax() {
+::std::string* FileDescriptorProto::release_syntax() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.syntax)
   clear_has_syntax();
   return syntax_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_syntax(::std::string* syntax) {
+void FileDescriptorProto::set_allocated_syntax(::std::string* syntax) {
   if (syntax != NULL) {
     set_has_syntax();
   } else {
@@ -2464,6 +2480,7 @@ const int DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::kEndFieldNumber;
 
 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
 }
@@ -2475,15 +2492,14 @@ DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange(const DescriptorP
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
-  start_ = 0;
-  end_ = 0;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  ::memset(&start_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&start_) + sizeof(end_));
 }
 
 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::~DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange() {
@@ -2492,8 +2508,6 @@ DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::~DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange() {
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -2507,11 +2521,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::descriptor
 }
 
 const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange> DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::default_instance_;
 
 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* n = new DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange;
@@ -2544,7 +2558,7 @@ void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::Clear() {
 #undef ZR_HELPER_
 #undef ZR_
 
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -2563,10 +2577,10 @@ bool DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional int32 start = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 8) {
+          set_has_start();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &start_)));
-          set_has_start();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -2578,10 +2592,10 @@ bool DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 16) {
          parse_end:
+          set_has_end();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &end_)));
-          set_has_end();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -2653,9 +2667,9 @@ void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::ByteSize() const {
+size_t DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3u) {
     // optional int32 start = 1;
@@ -2678,18 +2692,17 @@ int DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -2697,15 +2710,21 @@ void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::UnsafeMergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_start()) {
       set_start(from.start());
@@ -2715,7 +2734,8 @@ void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRa
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -2730,7 +2750,7 @@ void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::CopyFrom(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRan
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -2768,6 +2788,7 @@ const int DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::kEndFieldNumber;
 
 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
 }
@@ -2779,15 +2800,14 @@ DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange(const DescriptorPro
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
-  start_ = 0;
-  end_ = 0;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  ::memset(&start_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&start_) + sizeof(end_));
 }
 
 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::~DescriptorProto_ReservedRange() {
@@ -2796,8 +2816,6 @@ DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::~DescriptorProto_ReservedRange() {
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -2811,11 +2829,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::descriptor(
 }
 
 const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<DescriptorProto_ReservedRange> DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::default_instance_;
 
 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* n = new DescriptorProto_ReservedRange;
@@ -2848,7 +2866,7 @@ void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::Clear() {
 #undef ZR_HELPER_
 #undef ZR_
 
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -2867,10 +2885,10 @@ bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional int32 start = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 8) {
+          set_has_start();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &start_)));
-          set_has_start();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -2882,10 +2900,10 @@ bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 16) {
          parse_end:
+          set_has_end();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &end_)));
-          set_has_end();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -2957,9 +2975,9 @@ void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::ByteSize() const {
+size_t DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3u) {
     // optional int32 start = 1;
@@ -2982,18 +3000,17 @@ int DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -3001,15 +3018,21 @@ void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message&
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::UnsafeMergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_start()) {
       set_start(from.start());
@@ -3019,7 +3042,8 @@ void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRang
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -3034,7 +3058,7 @@ void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::CopyFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -3080,28 +3104,28 @@ const int DescriptorProto::kReservedNameFieldNumber;
 
 DescriptorProto::DescriptorProto()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions*>(&::google::protobuf::MessageOptions::default_instance());
+  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 DescriptorProto::DescriptorProto(const DescriptorProto& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   options_ = NULL;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 DescriptorProto::~DescriptorProto() {
@@ -3111,9 +3135,7 @@ DescriptorProto::~DescriptorProto() {
 
 void DescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
   name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-    delete options_;
-  }
+  delete options_;
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -3127,11 +3149,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* DescriptorProto::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const DescriptorProto& DescriptorProto::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-DescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<DescriptorProto> DescriptorProto::default_instance_;
 
 DescriptorProto* DescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   DescriptorProto* n = new DescriptorProto;
@@ -3159,7 +3181,7 @@ void DescriptorProto::Clear() {
   oneof_decl_.Clear();
   reserved_range_.Clear();
   reserved_name_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -3526,9 +3548,9 @@ void DescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int DescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
+size_t DescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 129u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
@@ -3547,63 +3569,85 @@ int DescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
   }
   // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto field = 2;
-  total_size += 1 * this->field_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->field_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->field(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->field_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->field(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto extension = 6;
-  total_size += 1 * this->extension_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->extension_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->extension(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->extension_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->extension(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto nested_type = 3;
-  total_size += 1 * this->nested_type_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->nested_type_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->nested_type(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->nested_type_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->nested_type(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto enum_type = 4;
-  total_size += 1 * this->enum_type_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->enum_type_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->enum_type(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->enum_type_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->enum_type(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange extension_range = 5;
-  total_size += 1 * this->extension_range_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->extension_range_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->extension_range(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->extension_range_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->extension_range(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto oneof_decl = 8;
-  total_size += 1 * this->oneof_decl_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->oneof_decl_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->oneof_decl(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->oneof_decl_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->oneof_decl(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange reserved_range = 9;
-  total_size += 1 * this->reserved_range_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->reserved_range_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->reserved_range(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->reserved_range_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->reserved_range(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated string reserved_name = 10;
-  total_size += 1 * this->reserved_name_size();
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::FromIntSize(this->reserved_name_size());
   for (int i = 0; i < this->reserved_name_size(); i++) {
     total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
       this->reserved_name(i));
@@ -3614,18 +3658,17 @@ int DescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const DescriptorProto* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const DescriptorProto* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const DescriptorProto>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -3633,15 +3676,21 @@ void DescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void DescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void DescriptorProto::UnsafeMergeFrom(const DescriptorProto& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   field_.MergeFrom(from.field_);
   extension_.MergeFrom(from.extension_);
   nested_type_.MergeFrom(from.nested_type_);
@@ -3649,7 +3698,7 @@ void DescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto& from) {
   extension_range_.MergeFrom(from.extension_range_);
   oneof_decl_.MergeFrom(from.oneof_decl_);
   reserved_range_.MergeFrom(from.reserved_range_);
-  reserved_name_.MergeFrom(from.reserved_name_);
+  reserved_name_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.reserved_name_);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_name()) {
       set_has_name();
@@ -3660,7 +3709,8 @@ void DescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const DescriptorProto& from) {
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -3675,7 +3725,7 @@ void DescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const DescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool DescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -3736,11 +3786,11 @@ void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::clear_start() {
   start_ = 0;
   clear_has_start();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::start() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::start() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.start)
   return start_;
 }
- void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::set_start(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::set_start(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   set_has_start();
   start_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.start)
@@ -3760,11 +3810,11 @@ void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::clear_end() {
   end_ = 0;
   clear_has_end();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::end() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::end() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.end)
   return end_;
 }
- void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange::set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   set_has_end();
   end_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ExtensionRange.end)
@@ -3788,11 +3838,11 @@ void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::clear_start() {
   start_ = 0;
   clear_has_start();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::start() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::start() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.start)
   return start_;
 }
- void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_start(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_start(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   set_has_start();
   start_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.start)
@@ -3812,11 +3862,11 @@ void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::clear_end() {
   end_ = 0;
   clear_has_end();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::end() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::end() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.end)
   return end_;
 }
- void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void DescriptorProto_ReservedRange::set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   set_has_end();
   end_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.ReservedRange.end)
@@ -3840,37 +3890,37 @@ void DescriptorProto::clear_name() {
   name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_name();
 }
- const ::std::string& DescriptorProto::name() const {
+const ::std::string& DescriptorProto::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void DescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void DescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void DescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+void DescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void DescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void DescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
 }
- ::std::string* DescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* DescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
   set_has_name();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* DescriptorProto::release_name() {
+::std::string* DescriptorProto::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.name)
   clear_has_name();
   return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void DescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void DescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     set_has_name();
   } else {
@@ -4076,7 +4126,8 @@ void DescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions& DescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::MessageOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* DescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -4141,49 +4192,49 @@ int DescriptorProto::reserved_name_size() const {
 void DescriptorProto::clear_reserved_name() {
   reserved_name_.Clear();
 }
- const ::std::string& DescriptorProto::reserved_name(int index) const {
+const ::std::string& DescriptorProto::reserved_name(int index) const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
   return reserved_name_.Get(index);
 }
- ::std::string* DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_name(int index) {
+::std::string* DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_name(int index) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
   return reserved_name_.Mutable(index);
 }
- void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
   reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
 }
- void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value) {
+void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value) {
   reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
 }
- void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+void DescriptorProto::set_reserved_name(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
   reserved_name_.Mutable(index)->assign(
     reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
 }
- ::std::string* DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name() {
+::std::string* DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
   return reserved_name_.Add();
 }
- void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   reserved_name_.Add()->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
 }
- void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const char* value) {
+void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const char* value) {
   reserved_name_.Add()->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
 }
- void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void DescriptorProto::add_reserved_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   reserved_name_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
 }
- const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
 DescriptorProto::reserved_name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
   return reserved_name_;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
 DescriptorProto::mutable_reserved_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.reserved_name)
   return &reserved_name_;
@@ -4198,7 +4249,7 @@ const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* FieldDescriptorProto_Type_descriptor()
   return FieldDescriptorProto_Type_descriptor_;
 }
 bool FieldDescriptorProto_Type_IsValid(int value) {
-  switch(value) {
+  switch (value) {
     case 1:
     case 2:
     case 3:
@@ -4251,7 +4302,7 @@ const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* FieldDescriptorProto_Label_descriptor(
   return FieldDescriptorProto_Label_descriptor_;
 }
 bool FieldDescriptorProto_Label_IsValid(int value) {
-  switch(value) {
+  switch (value) {
     case 1:
     case 2:
     case 3:
@@ -4284,36 +4335,36 @@ const int FieldDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber;
 
 FieldDescriptorProto::FieldDescriptorProto()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void FieldDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions*>(&::google::protobuf::FieldOptions::default_instance());
+  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 FieldDescriptorProto::FieldDescriptorProto(const FieldDescriptorProto& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void FieldDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  number_ = 0;
-  label_ = 1;
-  type_ = 1;
   type_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   extendee_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   default_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  oneof_index_ = 0;
   json_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   options_ = NULL;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  ::memset(&number_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&oneof_index_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&number_) + sizeof(oneof_index_));
+  label_ = 1;
+  type_ = 1;
 }
 
 FieldDescriptorProto::~FieldDescriptorProto() {
@@ -4327,9 +4378,7 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
   extendee_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   default_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   json_name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-    delete options_;
-  }
+  delete options_;
 }
 
 void FieldDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -4343,11 +4392,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FieldDescriptorProto::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const FieldDescriptorProto& FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-FieldDescriptorProto* FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FieldDescriptorProto> FieldDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
 
 FieldDescriptorProto* FieldDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   FieldDescriptorProto* n = new FieldDescriptorProto;
@@ -4359,11 +4408,27 @@ FieldDescriptorProto* FieldDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena
 
 void FieldDescriptorProto::Clear() {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) \
+  _Pragma("clang diagnostic push") \
+  _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Winvalid-offsetof\"") \
+  __builtin_offsetof(FieldDescriptorProto, f) \
+  _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#else
+#define ZR_HELPER_(f) reinterpret_cast<char*>(\
+  &reinterpret_cast<FieldDescriptorProto*>(16)->f)
+#endif
+
+#define ZR_(first, last) do {\
+  ::memset(&(first), 0,\
+           ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
+} while (0)
+
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 255u) {
+    ZR_(number_, oneof_index_);
     if (has_name()) {
       name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
-    number_ = 0;
     label_ = 1;
     type_ = 1;
     if (has_type_name()) {
@@ -4375,7 +4440,6 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::Clear() {
     if (has_default_value()) {
       default_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
-    oneof_index_ = 0;
   }
   if (_has_bits_[8 / 32] & 768u) {
     if (has_json_name()) {
@@ -4385,7 +4449,11 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::Clear() {
       if (options_ != NULL) options_->::google::protobuf::FieldOptions::Clear();
     }
   }
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+
+#undef ZR_HELPER_
+#undef ZR_
+
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -4438,10 +4506,10 @@ bool FieldDescriptorProto::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 3: {
         if (tag == 24) {
          parse_number:
+          set_has_number();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &number_)));
-          set_has_number();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -4540,10 +4608,10 @@ bool FieldDescriptorProto::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 9: {
         if (tag == 72) {
          parse_oneof_index:
+          set_has_oneof_index();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &oneof_index_)));
-          set_has_oneof_index();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -4774,9 +4842,9 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int FieldDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
+size_t FieldDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 255u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
@@ -4855,18 +4923,17 @@ int FieldDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void FieldDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const FieldDescriptorProto* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const FieldDescriptorProto* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FieldDescriptorProto>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -4874,15 +4941,21 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void FieldDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const FieldDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void FieldDescriptorProto::UnsafeMergeFrom(const FieldDescriptorProto& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_name()) {
       set_has_name();
@@ -4923,7 +4996,8 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const FieldDescriptorProto& from) {
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -4938,7 +5012,7 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const FieldDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool FieldDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -4994,37 +5068,37 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
   name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_name();
 }
- const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::name() const {
+const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
   set_has_name();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.name)
   clear_has_name();
   return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     set_has_name();
   } else {
@@ -5048,11 +5122,11 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_number() {
   number_ = 0;
   clear_has_number();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 FieldDescriptorProto::number() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 FieldDescriptorProto::number() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.number)
   return number_;
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   set_has_number();
   number_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.number)
@@ -5072,11 +5146,11 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_label() {
   label_ = 1;
   clear_has_label();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label FieldDescriptorProto::label() const {
+::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label FieldDescriptorProto::label() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.label)
   return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label >(label_);
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_label(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_label(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label value) {
   assert(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Label_IsValid(value));
   set_has_label();
   label_ = value;
@@ -5097,11 +5171,11 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_type() {
   type_ = 1;
   clear_has_type();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::type() const {
+::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type FieldDescriptorProto::type() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type)
   return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type >(type_);
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type value) {
   assert(::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto_Type_IsValid(value));
   set_has_type();
   type_ = value;
@@ -5122,37 +5196,37 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_type_name() {
   type_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_type_name();
 }
- const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::type_name() const {
+const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::type_name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
   return type_name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_type_name();
   type_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(const char* value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(const char* value) {
   set_has_type_name();
   type_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_type_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_type_name();
   type_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
 }
- ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_type_name() {
+::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_type_name() {
   set_has_type_name();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
   return type_name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_type_name() {
+::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_type_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.type_name)
   clear_has_type_name();
   return type_name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_type_name(::std::string* type_name) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_type_name(::std::string* type_name) {
   if (type_name != NULL) {
     set_has_type_name();
   } else {
@@ -5176,37 +5250,37 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_extendee() {
   extendee_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_extendee();
 }
- const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::extendee() const {
+const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::extendee() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
   return extendee_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_extendee();
   extendee_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(const char* value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(const char* value) {
   set_has_extendee();
   extendee_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_extendee(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_extendee();
   extendee_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
 }
- ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_extendee() {
+::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_extendee() {
   set_has_extendee();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
   return extendee_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_extendee() {
+::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_extendee() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.extendee)
   clear_has_extendee();
   return extendee_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_extendee(::std::string* extendee) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_extendee(::std::string* extendee) {
   if (extendee != NULL) {
     set_has_extendee();
   } else {
@@ -5230,37 +5304,37 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_default_value() {
   default_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_default_value();
 }
- const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::default_value() const {
+const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::default_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
   return default_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_default_value();
   default_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(const char* value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(const char* value) {
   set_has_default_value();
   default_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_default_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_default_value();
   default_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
 }
- ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_default_value() {
+::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_default_value() {
   set_has_default_value();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
   return default_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_default_value() {
+::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_default_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.default_value)
   clear_has_default_value();
   return default_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_default_value(::std::string* default_value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_default_value(::std::string* default_value) {
   if (default_value != NULL) {
     set_has_default_value();
   } else {
@@ -5284,11 +5358,11 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_oneof_index() {
   oneof_index_ = 0;
   clear_has_oneof_index();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 FieldDescriptorProto::oneof_index() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 FieldDescriptorProto::oneof_index() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index)
   return oneof_index_;
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_oneof_index(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_oneof_index(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   set_has_oneof_index();
   oneof_index_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.oneof_index)
@@ -5308,37 +5382,37 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_json_name() {
   json_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_json_name();
 }
- const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::json_name() const {
+const ::std::string& FieldDescriptorProto::json_name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
   return json_name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_json_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_json_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_json_name();
   json_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_json_name(const char* value) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_json_name(const char* value) {
   set_has_json_name();
   json_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_json_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_json_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_json_name();
   json_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
 }
- ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_json_name() {
+::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_json_name() {
   set_has_json_name();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
   return json_name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_json_name() {
+::std::string* FieldDescriptorProto::release_json_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.json_name)
   clear_has_json_name();
   return json_name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_json_name(::std::string* json_name) {
+void FieldDescriptorProto::set_allocated_json_name(::std::string* json_name) {
   if (json_name != NULL) {
     set_has_json_name();
   } else {
@@ -5364,7 +5438,8 @@ void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions& FieldDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::FieldOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -5403,28 +5478,28 @@ const int OneofDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber;
 
 OneofDescriptorProto::OneofDescriptorProto()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void OneofDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::OneofOptions*>(&::google::protobuf::OneofOptions::default_instance());
+  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::OneofOptions*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::OneofOptions::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 OneofDescriptorProto::OneofDescriptorProto(const OneofDescriptorProto& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void OneofDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   options_ = NULL;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 OneofDescriptorProto::~OneofDescriptorProto() {
@@ -5434,9 +5509,7 @@ OneofDescriptorProto::~OneofDescriptorProto() {
 
 void OneofDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
   name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-    delete options_;
-  }
+  delete options_;
 }
 
 void OneofDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -5450,11 +5523,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* OneofDescriptorProto::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const OneofDescriptorProto& OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-OneofDescriptorProto* OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<OneofDescriptorProto> OneofDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
 
 OneofDescriptorProto* OneofDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   OneofDescriptorProto* n = new OneofDescriptorProto;
@@ -5474,7 +5547,7 @@ void OneofDescriptorProto::Clear() {
       if (options_ != NULL) options_->::google::protobuf::OneofOptions::Clear();
     }
   }
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -5597,9 +5670,9 @@ void OneofDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int OneofDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
+size_t OneofDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
@@ -5622,18 +5695,17 @@ int OneofDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void OneofDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const OneofDescriptorProto* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const OneofDescriptorProto* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const OneofDescriptorProto>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -5641,15 +5713,21 @@ void OneofDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void OneofDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const OneofDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void OneofDescriptorProto::UnsafeMergeFrom(const OneofDescriptorProto& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_name()) {
       set_has_name();
@@ -5660,7 +5738,8 @@ void OneofDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const OneofDescriptorProto& from) {
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -5675,7 +5754,7 @@ void OneofDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const OneofDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool OneofDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -5723,37 +5802,37 @@ void OneofDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
   name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_name();
 }
- const ::std::string& OneofDescriptorProto::name() const {
+const ::std::string& OneofDescriptorProto::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void OneofDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- ::std::string* OneofDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* OneofDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
   set_has_name();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* OneofDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+::std::string* OneofDescriptorProto::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.name)
   clear_has_name();
   return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void OneofDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void OneofDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     set_has_name();
   } else {
@@ -5779,7 +5858,8 @@ void OneofDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::OneofOptions& OneofDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::OneofOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::OneofOptions* OneofDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -5819,28 +5899,28 @@ const int EnumDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber;
 
 EnumDescriptorProto::EnumDescriptorProto()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void EnumDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions*>(&::google::protobuf::EnumOptions::default_instance());
+  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 EnumDescriptorProto::EnumDescriptorProto(const EnumDescriptorProto& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void EnumDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   options_ = NULL;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 EnumDescriptorProto::~EnumDescriptorProto() {
@@ -5850,9 +5930,7 @@ EnumDescriptorProto::~EnumDescriptorProto() {
 
 void EnumDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
   name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-    delete options_;
-  }
+  delete options_;
 }
 
 void EnumDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -5866,11 +5944,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* EnumDescriptorProto::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const EnumDescriptorProto& EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-EnumDescriptorProto* EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumDescriptorProto> EnumDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
 
 EnumDescriptorProto* EnumDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   EnumDescriptorProto* n = new EnumDescriptorProto;
@@ -5891,7 +5969,7 @@ void EnumDescriptorProto::Clear() {
     }
   }
   value_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -6044,9 +6122,9 @@ void EnumDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int EnumDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
+size_t EnumDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 5u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
@@ -6065,11 +6143,14 @@ int EnumDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
   }
   // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto value = 2;
-  total_size += 1 * this->value_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->value_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->value(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->value_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->value(i));
+    }
   }
 
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
@@ -6077,18 +6158,17 @@ int EnumDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void EnumDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const EnumDescriptorProto* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const EnumDescriptorProto* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const EnumDescriptorProto>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -6096,15 +6176,21 @@ void EnumDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void EnumDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void EnumDescriptorProto::UnsafeMergeFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   value_.MergeFrom(from.value_);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_name()) {
@@ -6116,7 +6202,8 @@ void EnumDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto& from) {
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -6131,7 +6218,7 @@ void EnumDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool EnumDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -6181,37 +6268,37 @@ void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
   name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_name();
 }
- const ::std::string& EnumDescriptorProto::name() const {
+const ::std::string& EnumDescriptorProto::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void EnumDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- ::std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
   set_has_name();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+::std::string* EnumDescriptorProto::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.name)
   clear_has_name();
   return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void EnumDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void EnumDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     set_has_name();
   } else {
@@ -6267,7 +6354,8 @@ void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions& EnumDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::EnumOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -6307,29 +6395,29 @@ const int EnumValueDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber;
 
 EnumValueDescriptorProto::EnumValueDescriptorProto()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void EnumValueDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions*>(&::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions::default_instance());
+  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 EnumValueDescriptorProto::EnumValueDescriptorProto(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void EnumValueDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  number_ = 0;
   options_ = NULL;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  number_ = 0;
 }
 
 EnumValueDescriptorProto::~EnumValueDescriptorProto() {
@@ -6339,9 +6427,7 @@ EnumValueDescriptorProto::~EnumValueDescriptorProto() {
 
 void EnumValueDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
   name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-    delete options_;
-  }
+  delete options_;
 }
 
 void EnumValueDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -6355,11 +6441,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* EnumValueDescriptorProto::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const EnumValueDescriptorProto& EnumValueDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-EnumValueDescriptorProto* EnumValueDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumValueDescriptorProto> EnumValueDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
 
 EnumValueDescriptorProto* EnumValueDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   EnumValueDescriptorProto* n = new EnumValueDescriptorProto;
@@ -6380,7 +6466,7 @@ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::Clear() {
       if (options_ != NULL) options_->::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions::Clear();
     }
   }
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -6416,10 +6502,10 @@ bool EnumValueDescriptorProto::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 16) {
          parse_number:
+          set_has_number();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &number_)));
-          set_has_number();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -6528,9 +6614,9 @@ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int EnumValueDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
+size_t EnumValueDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 7u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
@@ -6560,18 +6646,17 @@ int EnumValueDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void EnumValueDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const EnumValueDescriptorProto* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const EnumValueDescriptorProto* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const EnumValueDescriptorProto>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -6579,15 +6664,21 @@ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void EnumValueDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::UnsafeMergeFrom(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_name()) {
       set_has_name();
@@ -6601,7 +6692,8 @@ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from) {
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -6616,7 +6708,7 @@ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool EnumValueDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -6665,37 +6757,37 @@ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
   name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_name();
 }
- const ::std::string& EnumValueDescriptorProto::name() const {
+const ::std::string& EnumValueDescriptorProto::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- ::std::string* EnumValueDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* EnumValueDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
   set_has_name();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* EnumValueDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+::std::string* EnumValueDescriptorProto::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.name)
   clear_has_name();
   return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     set_has_name();
   } else {
@@ -6719,11 +6811,11 @@ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_number() {
   number_ = 0;
   clear_has_number();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 EnumValueDescriptorProto::number() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 EnumValueDescriptorProto::number() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.number)
   return number_;
 }
- void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void EnumValueDescriptorProto::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   set_has_number();
   number_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.number)
@@ -6745,7 +6837,8 @@ void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions& EnumValueDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* EnumValueDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -6785,28 +6878,28 @@ const int ServiceDescriptorProto::kOptionsFieldNumber;
 
 ServiceDescriptorProto::ServiceDescriptorProto()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void ServiceDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions*>(&::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions::default_instance());
+  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 ServiceDescriptorProto::ServiceDescriptorProto(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void ServiceDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   options_ = NULL;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 ServiceDescriptorProto::~ServiceDescriptorProto() {
@@ -6816,9 +6909,7 @@ ServiceDescriptorProto::~ServiceDescriptorProto() {
 
 void ServiceDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
   name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-    delete options_;
-  }
+  delete options_;
 }
 
 void ServiceDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -6832,11 +6923,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* ServiceDescriptorProto::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const ServiceDescriptorProto& ServiceDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-ServiceDescriptorProto* ServiceDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<ServiceDescriptorProto> ServiceDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
 
 ServiceDescriptorProto* ServiceDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   ServiceDescriptorProto* n = new ServiceDescriptorProto;
@@ -6857,7 +6948,7 @@ void ServiceDescriptorProto::Clear() {
     }
   }
   method_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -7010,9 +7101,9 @@ void ServiceDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int ServiceDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
+size_t ServiceDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 5u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
@@ -7031,11 +7122,14 @@ int ServiceDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
 
   }
   // repeated .google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto method = 2;
-  total_size += 1 * this->method_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->method_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->method(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->method_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->method(i));
+    }
   }
 
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
@@ -7043,18 +7137,17 @@ int ServiceDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void ServiceDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const ServiceDescriptorProto* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const ServiceDescriptorProto* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const ServiceDescriptorProto>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -7062,15 +7155,21 @@ void ServiceDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from)
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void ServiceDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::UnsafeMergeFrom(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   method_.MergeFrom(from.method_);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_name()) {
@@ -7082,7 +7181,8 @@ void ServiceDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from) {
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -7097,7 +7197,7 @@ void ServiceDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool ServiceDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -7147,37 +7247,37 @@ void ServiceDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
   name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_name();
 }
- const ::std::string& ServiceDescriptorProto::name() const {
+const ::std::string& ServiceDescriptorProto::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- ::std::string* ServiceDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* ServiceDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
   set_has_name();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* ServiceDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+::std::string* ServiceDescriptorProto::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.name)
   clear_has_name();
   return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void ServiceDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     set_has_name();
   } else {
@@ -7233,7 +7333,8 @@ void ServiceDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions& ServiceDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* ServiceDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -7276,32 +7377,32 @@ const int MethodDescriptorProto::kServerStreamingFieldNumber;
 
 MethodDescriptorProto::MethodDescriptorProto()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void MethodDescriptorProto::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions*>(&::google::protobuf::MethodOptions::default_instance());
+  options_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 MethodDescriptorProto::MethodDescriptorProto(const MethodDescriptorProto& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
 }
 
 void MethodDescriptorProto::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   input_type_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   output_type_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   options_ = NULL;
-  client_streaming_ = false;
-  server_streaming_ = false;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  ::memset(&client_streaming_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&server_streaming_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&client_streaming_) + sizeof(server_streaming_));
 }
 
 MethodDescriptorProto::~MethodDescriptorProto() {
@@ -7313,9 +7414,7 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::SharedDtor() {
   name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   input_type_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   output_type_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-    delete options_;
-  }
+  delete options_;
 }
 
 void MethodDescriptorProto::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -7329,11 +7428,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* MethodDescriptorProto::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const MethodDescriptorProto& MethodDescriptorProto::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-MethodDescriptorProto* MethodDescriptorProto::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<MethodDescriptorProto> MethodDescriptorProto::default_instance_;
 
 MethodDescriptorProto* MethodDescriptorProto::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   MethodDescriptorProto* n = new MethodDescriptorProto;
@@ -7380,7 +7479,7 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::Clear() {
 #undef ZR_HELPER_
 #undef ZR_
 
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -7463,10 +7562,10 @@ bool MethodDescriptorProto::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 5: {
         if (tag == 40) {
          parse_client_streaming:
+          set_has_client_streaming();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &client_streaming_)));
-          set_has_client_streaming();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -7478,10 +7577,10 @@ bool MethodDescriptorProto::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 6: {
         if (tag == 48) {
          parse_server_streaming:
+          set_has_server_streaming();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &server_streaming_)));
-          set_has_server_streaming();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -7629,9 +7728,9 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int MethodDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
+size_t MethodDescriptorProto::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 63u) {
     // optional string name = 1;
@@ -7678,18 +7777,17 @@ int MethodDescriptorProto::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void MethodDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const MethodDescriptorProto* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const MethodDescriptorProto* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const MethodDescriptorProto>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -7697,15 +7795,21 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void MethodDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const MethodDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void MethodDescriptorProto::UnsafeMergeFrom(const MethodDescriptorProto& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_name()) {
       set_has_name();
@@ -7730,7 +7834,8 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::MergeFrom(const MethodDescriptorProto& from) {
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -7745,7 +7850,7 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::CopyFrom(const MethodDescriptorProto& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool MethodDescriptorProto::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -7797,37 +7902,37 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_name() {
   name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_name();
 }
- const ::std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::name() const {
+const ::std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_name();
   name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
 }
- ::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_name() {
   set_has_name();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
   return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::release_name() {
+::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.name)
   clear_has_name();
   return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     set_has_name();
   } else {
@@ -7851,37 +7956,37 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_input_type() {
   input_type_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_input_type();
 }
- const ::std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::input_type() const {
+const ::std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::input_type() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
   return input_type_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(const ::std::string& value) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_input_type();
   input_type_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(const char* value) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(const char* value) {
   set_has_input_type();
   input_type_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_input_type(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_input_type();
   input_type_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
 }
- ::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_input_type() {
+::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_input_type() {
   set_has_input_type();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
   return input_type_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::release_input_type() {
+::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::release_input_type() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.input_type)
   clear_has_input_type();
   return input_type_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_input_type(::std::string* input_type) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_input_type(::std::string* input_type) {
   if (input_type != NULL) {
     set_has_input_type();
   } else {
@@ -7905,37 +8010,37 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_output_type() {
   output_type_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_output_type();
 }
- const ::std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::output_type() const {
+const ::std::string& MethodDescriptorProto::output_type() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
   return output_type_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(const ::std::string& value) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_output_type();
   output_type_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(const char* value) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(const char* value) {
   set_has_output_type();
   output_type_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_output_type(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_output_type();
   output_type_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
 }
- ::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_output_type() {
+::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_output_type() {
   set_has_output_type();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
   return output_type_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::release_output_type() {
+::std::string* MethodDescriptorProto::release_output_type() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.output_type)
   clear_has_output_type();
   return output_type_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_output_type(::std::string* output_type) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_allocated_output_type(::std::string* output_type) {
   if (output_type != NULL) {
     set_has_output_type();
   } else {
@@ -7961,7 +8066,8 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions& MethodDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::MethodOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -8003,11 +8109,11 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_client_streaming() {
   client_streaming_ = false;
   clear_has_client_streaming();
 }
- bool MethodDescriptorProto::client_streaming() const {
+bool MethodDescriptorProto::client_streaming() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.client_streaming)
   return client_streaming_;
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_client_streaming(bool value) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_client_streaming(bool value) {
   set_has_client_streaming();
   client_streaming_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.client_streaming)
@@ -8027,11 +8133,11 @@ void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_server_streaming() {
   server_streaming_ = false;
   clear_has_server_streaming();
 }
- bool MethodDescriptorProto::server_streaming() const {
+bool MethodDescriptorProto::server_streaming() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.server_streaming)
   return server_streaming_;
 }
- void MethodDescriptorProto::set_server_streaming(bool value) {
+void MethodDescriptorProto::set_server_streaming(bool value) {
   set_has_server_streaming();
   server_streaming_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.server_streaming)
@@ -8046,7 +8152,7 @@ const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* FileOptions_OptimizeMode_descriptor()
   return FileOptions_OptimizeMode_descriptor_;
 }
 bool FileOptions_OptimizeMode_IsValid(int value) {
-  switch(value) {
+  switch (value) {
     case 1:
     case 2:
     case 3:
@@ -8068,7 +8174,6 @@ const int FileOptions::OptimizeMode_ARRAYSIZE;
 const int FileOptions::kJavaPackageFieldNumber;
 const int FileOptions::kJavaOuterClassnameFieldNumber;
 const int FileOptions::kJavaMultipleFilesFieldNumber;
-const int FileOptions::kJavaGenerateEqualsAndHashFieldNumber;
 const int FileOptions::kJavaStringCheckUtf8FieldNumber;
 const int FileOptions::kOptimizeForFieldNumber;
 const int FileOptions::kGoPackageFieldNumber;
@@ -8084,6 +8189,7 @@ const int FileOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 
 FileOptions::FileOptions()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
 }
@@ -8095,28 +8201,20 @@ FileOptions::FileOptions(const FileOptions& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
 }
 
 void FileOptions::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   java_package_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   java_outer_classname_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  java_multiple_files_ = false;
-  java_generate_equals_and_hash_ = false;
-  java_string_check_utf8_ = false;
-  optimize_for_ = 1;
   go_package_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  cc_generic_services_ = false;
-  java_generic_services_ = false;
-  py_generic_services_ = false;
-  deprecated_ = false;
-  cc_enable_arenas_ = false;
   objc_class_prefix_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   csharp_namespace_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  ::memset(&java_multiple_files_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&cc_enable_arenas_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&java_multiple_files_) + sizeof(cc_enable_arenas_));
+  optimize_for_ = 1;
 }
 
 FileOptions::~FileOptions() {
@@ -8130,8 +8228,6 @@ void FileOptions::SharedDtor() {
   go_package_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   objc_class_prefix_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   csharp_namespace_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void FileOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -8145,11 +8241,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FileOptions::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const FileOptions& FileOptions::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-FileOptions* FileOptions::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FileOptions> FileOptions::default_instance_;
 
 FileOptions* FileOptions::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   FileOptions* n = new FileOptions;
@@ -8179,7 +8275,7 @@ void FileOptions::Clear() {
 } while (0)
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 255u) {
-    ZR_(java_multiple_files_, cc_generic_services_);
+    ZR_(java_multiple_files_, java_generic_services_);
     if (has_java_package()) {
       java_package_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
@@ -8191,8 +8287,8 @@ void FileOptions::Clear() {
       go_package_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
   }
-  if (_has_bits_[8 / 32] & 16128u) {
-    ZR_(java_generic_services_, cc_enable_arenas_);
+  if (_has_bits_[8 / 32] & 7936u) {
+    ZR_(py_generic_services_, cc_enable_arenas_);
     if (has_objc_class_prefix()) {
       objc_class_prefix_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
     }
@@ -8205,7 +8301,7 @@ void FileOptions::Clear() {
 #undef ZR_
 
   uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -8278,10 +8374,10 @@ bool FileOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 10: {
         if (tag == 80) {
          parse_java_multiple_files:
+          set_has_java_multiple_files();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &java_multiple_files_)));
-          set_has_java_multiple_files();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -8310,10 +8406,10 @@ bool FileOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 16: {
         if (tag == 128) {
          parse_cc_generic_services:
+          set_has_cc_generic_services();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &cc_generic_services_)));
-          set_has_cc_generic_services();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -8325,10 +8421,10 @@ bool FileOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 17: {
         if (tag == 136) {
          parse_java_generic_services:
+          set_has_java_generic_services();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &java_generic_services_)));
-          set_has_java_generic_services();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -8340,25 +8436,10 @@ bool FileOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 18: {
         if (tag == 144) {
          parse_py_generic_services:
-          DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
-                   bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
-                 input, &py_generic_services_)));
           set_has_py_generic_services();
-        } else {
-          goto handle_unusual;
-        }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(160)) goto parse_java_generate_equals_and_hash;
-        break;
-      }
-
-      // optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default = false];
-      case 20: {
-        if (tag == 160) {
-         parse_java_generate_equals_and_hash:
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
-                 input, &java_generate_equals_and_hash_)));
-          set_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
+                 input, &py_generic_services_)));
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -8370,10 +8451,10 @@ bool FileOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 23: {
         if (tag == 184) {
          parse_deprecated:
+          set_has_deprecated();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &deprecated_)));
-          set_has_deprecated();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -8385,10 +8466,10 @@ bool FileOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 27: {
         if (tag == 216) {
          parse_java_string_check_utf8:
+          set_has_java_string_check_utf8();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &java_string_check_utf8_)));
-          set_has_java_string_check_utf8();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -8400,10 +8481,10 @@ bool FileOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 31: {
         if (tag == 248) {
          parse_cc_enable_arenas:
+          set_has_cc_enable_arenas();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &cc_enable_arenas_)));
-          set_has_cc_enable_arenas();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -8470,7 +8551,7 @@ bool FileOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
           goto success;
         }
         if ((8000u <= tag)) {
-          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, default_instance_,
+          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, internal_default_instance(),
                                       mutable_unknown_fields()));
           continue;
         }
@@ -8548,11 +8629,6 @@ void FileOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(18, this->py_generic_services(), output);
   }
 
-  // optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default = false];
-  if (has_java_generate_equals_and_hash()) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(20, this->java_generate_equals_and_hash(), output);
-  }
-
   // optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];
   if (has_deprecated()) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBool(23, this->deprecated(), output);
@@ -8668,11 +8744,6 @@ void FileOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
     target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(18, this->py_generic_services(), target);
   }
 
-  // optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default = false];
-  if (has_java_generate_equals_and_hash()) {
-    target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(20, this->java_generate_equals_and_hash(), target);
-  }
-
   // optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];
   if (has_deprecated()) {
     target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteBoolToArray(23, this->deprecated(), target);
@@ -8729,9 +8800,9 @@ void FileOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int FileOptions::ByteSize() const {
+size_t FileOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 255u) {
     // optional string java_package = 1;
@@ -8753,11 +8824,6 @@ int FileOptions::ByteSize() const {
       total_size += 1 + 1;
     }
 
-    // optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default = false];
-    if (has_java_generate_equals_and_hash()) {
-      total_size += 2 + 1;
-    }
-
     // optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];
     if (has_java_string_check_utf8()) {
       total_size += 2 + 1;
@@ -8781,13 +8847,13 @@ int FileOptions::ByteSize() const {
       total_size += 2 + 1;
     }
 
-  }
-  if (_has_bits_[8 / 32] & 16128u) {
     // optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];
     if (has_java_generic_services()) {
       total_size += 2 + 1;
     }
 
+  }
+  if (_has_bits_[8 / 32] & 7936u) {
     // optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];
     if (has_py_generic_services()) {
       total_size += 2 + 1;
@@ -8819,11 +8885,14 @@ int FileOptions::ByteSize() const {
 
   }
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  total_size += 2 * this->uninterpreted_option_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->uninterpreted_option_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->uninterpreted_option_size();
+    total_size += 2UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+    }
   }
 
   total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
@@ -8833,18 +8902,17 @@ int FileOptions::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void FileOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const FileOptions* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const FileOptions* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FileOptions>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -8852,15 +8920,21 @@ void FileOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void FileOptions::MergeFrom(const FileOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void FileOptions::UnsafeMergeFrom(const FileOptions& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_java_package()) {
@@ -8874,9 +8948,6 @@ void FileOptions::MergeFrom(const FileOptions& from) {
     if (from.has_java_multiple_files()) {
       set_java_multiple_files(from.java_multiple_files());
     }
-    if (from.has_java_generate_equals_and_hash()) {
-      set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(from.java_generate_equals_and_hash());
-    }
     if (from.has_java_string_check_utf8()) {
       set_java_string_check_utf8(from.java_string_check_utf8());
     }
@@ -8890,11 +8961,11 @@ void FileOptions::MergeFrom(const FileOptions& from) {
     if (from.has_cc_generic_services()) {
       set_cc_generic_services(from.cc_generic_services());
     }
-  }
-  if (from._has_bits_[8 / 32] & (0xffu << (8 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_java_generic_services()) {
       set_java_generic_services(from.java_generic_services());
     }
+  }
+  if (from._has_bits_[8 / 32] & (0xffu << (8 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_py_generic_services()) {
       set_py_generic_services(from.py_generic_services());
     }
@@ -8915,7 +8986,8 @@ void FileOptions::MergeFrom(const FileOptions& from) {
   }
   _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -8930,14 +9002,16 @@ void FileOptions::CopyFrom(const FileOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FileOptions)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool FileOptions::IsInitialized() const {
 
   if (!::google::protobuf::internal::AllAreInitialized(this->uninterpreted_option())) return false;
 
-  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) return false;
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -8949,7 +9023,6 @@ void FileOptions::InternalSwap(FileOptions* other) {
   java_package_.Swap(&other->java_package_);
   java_outer_classname_.Swap(&other->java_outer_classname_);
   std::swap(java_multiple_files_, other->java_multiple_files_);
-  std::swap(java_generate_equals_and_hash_, other->java_generate_equals_and_hash_);
   std::swap(java_string_check_utf8_, other->java_string_check_utf8_);
   std::swap(optimize_for_, other->optimize_for_);
   go_package_.Swap(&other->go_package_);
@@ -8992,37 +9065,37 @@ void FileOptions::clear_java_package() {
   java_package_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_java_package();
 }
- const ::std::string& FileOptions::java_package() const {
+const ::std::string& FileOptions::java_package() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
   return java_package_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileOptions::set_java_package(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FileOptions::set_java_package(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_java_package();
   java_package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
 }
- void FileOptions::set_java_package(const char* value) {
+void FileOptions::set_java_package(const char* value) {
   set_has_java_package();
   java_package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
 }
- void FileOptions::set_java_package(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FileOptions::set_java_package(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_java_package();
   java_package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
 }
- ::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_java_package() {
+::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_java_package() {
   set_has_java_package();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
   return java_package_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FileOptions::release_java_package() {
+::std::string* FileOptions::release_java_package() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_package)
   clear_has_java_package();
   return java_package_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileOptions::set_allocated_java_package(::std::string* java_package) {
+void FileOptions::set_allocated_java_package(::std::string* java_package) {
   if (java_package != NULL) {
     set_has_java_package();
   } else {
@@ -9046,37 +9119,37 @@ void FileOptions::clear_java_outer_classname() {
   java_outer_classname_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_java_outer_classname();
 }
- const ::std::string& FileOptions::java_outer_classname() const {
+const ::std::string& FileOptions::java_outer_classname() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
   return java_outer_classname_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_java_outer_classname();
   java_outer_classname_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
 }
- void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(const char* value) {
+void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(const char* value) {
   set_has_java_outer_classname();
   java_outer_classname_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
 }
- void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FileOptions::set_java_outer_classname(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_java_outer_classname();
   java_outer_classname_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
 }
- ::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_java_outer_classname() {
+::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_java_outer_classname() {
   set_has_java_outer_classname();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
   return java_outer_classname_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FileOptions::release_java_outer_classname() {
+::std::string* FileOptions::release_java_outer_classname() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_outer_classname)
   clear_has_java_outer_classname();
   return java_outer_classname_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileOptions::set_allocated_java_outer_classname(::std::string* java_outer_classname) {
+void FileOptions::set_allocated_java_outer_classname(::std::string* java_outer_classname) {
   if (java_outer_classname != NULL) {
     set_has_java_outer_classname();
   } else {
@@ -9100,59 +9173,35 @@ void FileOptions::clear_java_multiple_files() {
   java_multiple_files_ = false;
   clear_has_java_multiple_files();
 }
- bool FileOptions::java_multiple_files() const {
+bool FileOptions::java_multiple_files() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_multiple_files)
   return java_multiple_files_;
 }
- void FileOptions::set_java_multiple_files(bool value) {
+void FileOptions::set_java_multiple_files(bool value) {
   set_has_java_multiple_files();
   java_multiple_files_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_multiple_files)
 }
 
-// optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default = false];
-bool FileOptions::has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
-}
-void FileOptions::set_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
-}
-void FileOptions::clear_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
-}
-void FileOptions::clear_java_generate_equals_and_hash() {
-  java_generate_equals_and_hash_ = false;
-  clear_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
-}
- bool FileOptions::java_generate_equals_and_hash() const {
-  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generate_equals_and_hash)
-  return java_generate_equals_and_hash_;
-}
- void FileOptions::set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(bool value) {
-  set_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
-  java_generate_equals_and_hash_ = value;
-  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generate_equals_and_hash)
-}
-
 // optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];
 bool FileOptions::has_java_string_check_utf8() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
 }
 void FileOptions::set_has_java_string_check_utf8() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_has_java_string_check_utf8() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_java_string_check_utf8() {
   java_string_check_utf8_ = false;
   clear_has_java_string_check_utf8();
 }
- bool FileOptions::java_string_check_utf8() const {
+bool FileOptions::java_string_check_utf8() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_string_check_utf8)
   return java_string_check_utf8_;
 }
- void FileOptions::set_java_string_check_utf8(bool value) {
+void FileOptions::set_java_string_check_utf8(bool value) {
   set_has_java_string_check_utf8();
   java_string_check_utf8_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_string_check_utf8)
@@ -9160,23 +9209,23 @@ void FileOptions::clear_java_string_check_utf8() {
 
 // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];
 bool FileOptions::has_optimize_for() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
 }
 void FileOptions::set_has_optimize_for() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_has_optimize_for() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_optimize_for() {
   optimize_for_ = 1;
   clear_has_optimize_for();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode FileOptions::optimize_for() const {
+::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode FileOptions::optimize_for() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.optimize_for)
   return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode >(optimize_for_);
 }
- void FileOptions::set_optimize_for(::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode value) {
+void FileOptions::set_optimize_for(::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode value) {
   assert(::google::protobuf::FileOptions_OptimizeMode_IsValid(value));
   set_has_optimize_for();
   optimize_for_ = value;
@@ -9185,49 +9234,49 @@ void FileOptions::clear_optimize_for() {
 
 // optional string go_package = 11;
 bool FileOptions::has_go_package() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000040u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
 }
 void FileOptions::set_has_go_package() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_has_go_package() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_go_package() {
   go_package_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_go_package();
 }
- const ::std::string& FileOptions::go_package() const {
+const ::std::string& FileOptions::go_package() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
   return go_package_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileOptions::set_go_package(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FileOptions::set_go_package(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_go_package();
   go_package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
 }
- void FileOptions::set_go_package(const char* value) {
+void FileOptions::set_go_package(const char* value) {
   set_has_go_package();
   go_package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
 }
- void FileOptions::set_go_package(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FileOptions::set_go_package(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_go_package();
   go_package_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
 }
- ::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_go_package() {
+::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_go_package() {
   set_has_go_package();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
   return go_package_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FileOptions::release_go_package() {
+::std::string* FileOptions::release_go_package() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.go_package)
   clear_has_go_package();
   return go_package_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileOptions::set_allocated_go_package(::std::string* go_package) {
+void FileOptions::set_allocated_go_package(::std::string* go_package) {
   if (go_package != NULL) {
     set_has_go_package();
   } else {
@@ -9239,23 +9288,23 @@ void FileOptions::clear_go_package() {
 
 // optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];
 bool FileOptions::has_cc_generic_services() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000080u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000040u) != 0;
 }
 void FileOptions::set_has_cc_generic_services() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_has_cc_generic_services() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_cc_generic_services() {
   cc_generic_services_ = false;
   clear_has_cc_generic_services();
 }
- bool FileOptions::cc_generic_services() const {
+bool FileOptions::cc_generic_services() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_generic_services)
   return cc_generic_services_;
 }
- void FileOptions::set_cc_generic_services(bool value) {
+void FileOptions::set_cc_generic_services(bool value) {
   set_has_cc_generic_services();
   cc_generic_services_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_generic_services)
@@ -9263,23 +9312,23 @@ void FileOptions::clear_cc_generic_services() {
 
 // optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];
 bool FileOptions::has_java_generic_services() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000100u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000080u) != 0;
 }
 void FileOptions::set_has_java_generic_services() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_has_java_generic_services() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000100u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_java_generic_services() {
   java_generic_services_ = false;
   clear_has_java_generic_services();
 }
- bool FileOptions::java_generic_services() const {
+bool FileOptions::java_generic_services() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generic_services)
   return java_generic_services_;
 }
- void FileOptions::set_java_generic_services(bool value) {
+void FileOptions::set_java_generic_services(bool value) {
   set_has_java_generic_services();
   java_generic_services_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generic_services)
@@ -9287,23 +9336,23 @@ void FileOptions::clear_java_generic_services() {
 
 // optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];
 bool FileOptions::has_py_generic_services() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000200u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000100u) != 0;
 }
 void FileOptions::set_has_py_generic_services() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_has_py_generic_services() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000200u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000100u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_py_generic_services() {
   py_generic_services_ = false;
   clear_has_py_generic_services();
 }
- bool FileOptions::py_generic_services() const {
+bool FileOptions::py_generic_services() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.py_generic_services)
   return py_generic_services_;
 }
- void FileOptions::set_py_generic_services(bool value) {
+void FileOptions::set_py_generic_services(bool value) {
   set_has_py_generic_services();
   py_generic_services_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.py_generic_services)
@@ -9311,23 +9360,23 @@ void FileOptions::clear_py_generic_services() {
 
 // optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];
 bool FileOptions::has_deprecated() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000400u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000200u) != 0;
 }
 void FileOptions::set_has_deprecated() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000400u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_has_deprecated() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000400u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000200u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_deprecated() {
   deprecated_ = false;
   clear_has_deprecated();
 }
- bool FileOptions::deprecated() const {
+bool FileOptions::deprecated() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.deprecated)
   return deprecated_;
 }
- void FileOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+void FileOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
   set_has_deprecated();
   deprecated_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.deprecated)
@@ -9335,23 +9384,23 @@ void FileOptions::clear_deprecated() {
 
 // optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];
 bool FileOptions::has_cc_enable_arenas() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000800u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000400u) != 0;
 }
 void FileOptions::set_has_cc_enable_arenas() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000800u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000400u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_has_cc_enable_arenas() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000800u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000400u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_cc_enable_arenas() {
   cc_enable_arenas_ = false;
   clear_has_cc_enable_arenas();
 }
- bool FileOptions::cc_enable_arenas() const {
+bool FileOptions::cc_enable_arenas() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_enable_arenas)
   return cc_enable_arenas_;
 }
- void FileOptions::set_cc_enable_arenas(bool value) {
+void FileOptions::set_cc_enable_arenas(bool value) {
   set_has_cc_enable_arenas();
   cc_enable_arenas_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.cc_enable_arenas)
@@ -9359,49 +9408,49 @@ void FileOptions::clear_cc_enable_arenas() {
 
 // optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
 bool FileOptions::has_objc_class_prefix() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00001000u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000800u) != 0;
 }
 void FileOptions::set_has_objc_class_prefix() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00001000u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000800u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_has_objc_class_prefix() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00001000u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000800u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_objc_class_prefix() {
   objc_class_prefix_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_objc_class_prefix();
 }
- const ::std::string& FileOptions::objc_class_prefix() const {
+const ::std::string& FileOptions::objc_class_prefix() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
   return objc_class_prefix_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_objc_class_prefix();
   objc_class_prefix_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
 }
- void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value) {
+void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value) {
   set_has_objc_class_prefix();
   objc_class_prefix_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
 }
- void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FileOptions::set_objc_class_prefix(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_objc_class_prefix();
   objc_class_prefix_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
 }
- ::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_objc_class_prefix() {
+::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_objc_class_prefix() {
   set_has_objc_class_prefix();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
   return objc_class_prefix_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FileOptions::release_objc_class_prefix() {
+::std::string* FileOptions::release_objc_class_prefix() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.objc_class_prefix)
   clear_has_objc_class_prefix();
   return objc_class_prefix_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileOptions::set_allocated_objc_class_prefix(::std::string* objc_class_prefix) {
+void FileOptions::set_allocated_objc_class_prefix(::std::string* objc_class_prefix) {
   if (objc_class_prefix != NULL) {
     set_has_objc_class_prefix();
   } else {
@@ -9413,49 +9462,49 @@ void FileOptions::clear_objc_class_prefix() {
 
 // optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
 bool FileOptions::has_csharp_namespace() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00002000u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00001000u) != 0;
 }
 void FileOptions::set_has_csharp_namespace() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00002000u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00001000u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_has_csharp_namespace() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00002000u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00001000u;
 }
 void FileOptions::clear_csharp_namespace() {
   csharp_namespace_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_csharp_namespace();
 }
- const ::std::string& FileOptions::csharp_namespace() const {
+const ::std::string& FileOptions::csharp_namespace() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
   return csharp_namespace_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_csharp_namespace();
   csharp_namespace_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
 }
- void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const char* value) {
+void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const char* value) {
   set_has_csharp_namespace();
   csharp_namespace_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
 }
- void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FileOptions::set_csharp_namespace(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_csharp_namespace();
   csharp_namespace_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
 }
- ::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_csharp_namespace() {
+::std::string* FileOptions::mutable_csharp_namespace() {
   set_has_csharp_namespace();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
   return csharp_namespace_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* FileOptions::release_csharp_namespace() {
+::std::string* FileOptions::release_csharp_namespace() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.FileOptions.csharp_namespace)
   clear_has_csharp_namespace();
   return csharp_namespace_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void FileOptions::set_allocated_csharp_namespace(::std::string* csharp_namespace) {
+void FileOptions::set_allocated_csharp_namespace(::std::string* csharp_namespace) {
   if (csharp_namespace != NULL) {
     set_has_csharp_namespace();
   } else {
@@ -9509,6 +9558,7 @@ const int MessageOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 
 MessageOptions::MessageOptions()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
 }
@@ -9520,17 +9570,14 @@ MessageOptions::MessageOptions(const MessageOptions& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
 }
 
 void MessageOptions::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
-  message_set_wire_format_ = false;
-  no_standard_descriptor_accessor_ = false;
-  deprecated_ = false;
-  map_entry_ = false;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  ::memset(&message_set_wire_format_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&map_entry_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&message_set_wire_format_) + sizeof(map_entry_));
 }
 
 MessageOptions::~MessageOptions() {
@@ -9539,8 +9586,6 @@ MessageOptions::~MessageOptions() {
 }
 
 void MessageOptions::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void MessageOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -9554,11 +9599,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* MessageOptions::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const MessageOptions& MessageOptions::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-MessageOptions* MessageOptions::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<MessageOptions> MessageOptions::default_instance_;
 
 MessageOptions* MessageOptions::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   MessageOptions* n = new MessageOptions;
@@ -9593,7 +9638,7 @@ void MessageOptions::Clear() {
 #undef ZR_
 
   uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -9612,10 +9657,10 @@ bool MessageOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 8) {
+          set_has_message_set_wire_format();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &message_set_wire_format_)));
-          set_has_message_set_wire_format();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -9627,10 +9672,10 @@ bool MessageOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 16) {
          parse_no_standard_descriptor_accessor:
+          set_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &no_standard_descriptor_accessor_)));
-          set_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -9642,10 +9687,10 @@ bool MessageOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 3: {
         if (tag == 24) {
          parse_deprecated:
+          set_has_deprecated();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &deprecated_)));
-          set_has_deprecated();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -9657,10 +9702,10 @@ bool MessageOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 7: {
         if (tag == 56) {
          parse_map_entry:
+          set_has_map_entry();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &map_entry_)));
-          set_has_map_entry();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -9693,7 +9738,7 @@ bool MessageOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
           goto success;
         }
         if ((8000u <= tag)) {
-          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, default_instance_,
+          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, internal_default_instance(),
                                       mutable_unknown_fields()));
           continue;
         }
@@ -9795,9 +9840,9 @@ void MessageOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int MessageOptions::ByteSize() const {
+size_t MessageOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 15u) {
     // optional bool message_set_wire_format = 1 [default = false];
@@ -9822,11 +9867,14 @@ int MessageOptions::ByteSize() const {
 
   }
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  total_size += 2 * this->uninterpreted_option_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->uninterpreted_option_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->uninterpreted_option_size();
+    total_size += 2UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+    }
   }
 
   total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
@@ -9836,18 +9884,17 @@ int MessageOptions::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void MessageOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const MessageOptions* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const MessageOptions* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const MessageOptions>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -9855,15 +9902,21 @@ void MessageOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void MessageOptions::MergeFrom(const MessageOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void MessageOptions::UnsafeMergeFrom(const MessageOptions& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_message_set_wire_format()) {
@@ -9881,7 +9934,8 @@ void MessageOptions::MergeFrom(const MessageOptions& from) {
   }
   _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -9896,14 +9950,16 @@ void MessageOptions::CopyFrom(const MessageOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.MessageOptions)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool MessageOptions::IsInitialized() const {
 
   if (!::google::protobuf::internal::AllAreInitialized(this->uninterpreted_option())) return false;
 
-  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) return false;
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -9948,11 +10004,11 @@ void MessageOptions::clear_message_set_wire_format() {
   message_set_wire_format_ = false;
   clear_has_message_set_wire_format();
 }
- bool MessageOptions::message_set_wire_format() const {
+bool MessageOptions::message_set_wire_format() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.message_set_wire_format)
   return message_set_wire_format_;
 }
- void MessageOptions::set_message_set_wire_format(bool value) {
+void MessageOptions::set_message_set_wire_format(bool value) {
   set_has_message_set_wire_format();
   message_set_wire_format_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.message_set_wire_format)
@@ -9972,11 +10028,11 @@ void MessageOptions::clear_no_standard_descriptor_accessor() {
   no_standard_descriptor_accessor_ = false;
   clear_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor();
 }
- bool MessageOptions::no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const {
+bool MessageOptions::no_standard_descriptor_accessor() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.no_standard_descriptor_accessor)
   return no_standard_descriptor_accessor_;
 }
- void MessageOptions::set_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(bool value) {
+void MessageOptions::set_no_standard_descriptor_accessor(bool value) {
   set_has_no_standard_descriptor_accessor();
   no_standard_descriptor_accessor_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.no_standard_descriptor_accessor)
@@ -9996,11 +10052,11 @@ void MessageOptions::clear_deprecated() {
   deprecated_ = false;
   clear_has_deprecated();
 }
- bool MessageOptions::deprecated() const {
+bool MessageOptions::deprecated() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.deprecated)
   return deprecated_;
 }
- void MessageOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+void MessageOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
   set_has_deprecated();
   deprecated_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.deprecated)
@@ -10020,11 +10076,11 @@ void MessageOptions::clear_map_entry() {
   map_entry_ = false;
   clear_has_map_entry();
 }
- bool MessageOptions::map_entry() const {
+bool MessageOptions::map_entry() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.map_entry)
   return map_entry_;
 }
- void MessageOptions::set_map_entry(bool value) {
+void MessageOptions::set_map_entry(bool value) {
   set_has_map_entry();
   map_entry_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MessageOptions.map_entry)
@@ -10069,7 +10125,7 @@ const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* FieldOptions_CType_descriptor() {
   return FieldOptions_CType_descriptor_;
 }
 bool FieldOptions_CType_IsValid(int value) {
-  switch(value) {
+  switch (value) {
     case 0:
     case 1:
     case 2:
@@ -10092,7 +10148,7 @@ const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor() {
   return FieldOptions_JSType_descriptor_;
 }
 bool FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(int value) {
-  switch(value) {
+  switch (value) {
     case 0:
     case 1:
     case 2:
@@ -10122,6 +10178,7 @@ const int FieldOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 
 FieldOptions::FieldOptions()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
 }
@@ -10133,19 +10190,14 @@ FieldOptions::FieldOptions(const FieldOptions& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
 }
 
 void FieldOptions::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
-  ctype_ = 0;
-  packed_ = false;
-  jstype_ = 0;
-  lazy_ = false;
-  deprecated_ = false;
-  weak_ = false;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  ::memset(&ctype_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&weak_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&ctype_) + sizeof(weak_));
 }
 
 FieldOptions::~FieldOptions() {
@@ -10154,8 +10206,6 @@ FieldOptions::~FieldOptions() {
 }
 
 void FieldOptions::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void FieldOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -10169,11 +10219,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FieldOptions::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const FieldOptions& FieldOptions::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-FieldOptions* FieldOptions::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FieldOptions> FieldOptions::default_instance_;
 
 FieldOptions* FieldOptions::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   FieldOptions* n = new FieldOptions;
@@ -10202,16 +10252,13 @@ void FieldOptions::Clear() {
            ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
 } while (0)
 
-  if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 63u) {
-    ZR_(ctype_, jstype_);
-    ZR_(packed_, weak_);
-  }
+  ZR_(ctype_, weak_);
 
 #undef ZR_HELPER_
 #undef ZR_
 
   uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -10250,10 +10297,10 @@ bool FieldOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 16) {
          parse_packed:
+          set_has_packed();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &packed_)));
-          set_has_packed();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -10265,10 +10312,10 @@ bool FieldOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 3: {
         if (tag == 24) {
          parse_deprecated:
+          set_has_deprecated();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &deprecated_)));
-          set_has_deprecated();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -10280,10 +10327,10 @@ bool FieldOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 5: {
         if (tag == 40) {
          parse_lazy:
+          set_has_lazy();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &lazy_)));
-          set_has_lazy();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -10315,10 +10362,10 @@ bool FieldOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 10: {
         if (tag == 80) {
          parse_weak:
+          set_has_weak();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &weak_)));
-          set_has_weak();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -10351,7 +10398,7 @@ bool FieldOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
           goto success;
         }
         if ((8000u <= tag)) {
-          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, default_instance_,
+          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, internal_default_instance(),
                                       mutable_unknown_fields()));
           continue;
         }
@@ -10477,9 +10524,9 @@ void FieldOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int FieldOptions::ByteSize() const {
+size_t FieldOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 63u) {
     // optional .google.protobuf.FieldOptions.CType ctype = 1 [default = STRING];
@@ -10516,11 +10563,14 @@ int FieldOptions::ByteSize() const {
 
   }
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  total_size += 2 * this->uninterpreted_option_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->uninterpreted_option_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->uninterpreted_option_size();
+    total_size += 2UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+    }
   }
 
   total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
@@ -10530,18 +10580,17 @@ int FieldOptions::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void FieldOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const FieldOptions* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const FieldOptions* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FieldOptions>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -10549,15 +10598,21 @@ void FieldOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void FieldOptions::MergeFrom(const FieldOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void FieldOptions::UnsafeMergeFrom(const FieldOptions& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_ctype()) {
@@ -10581,7 +10636,8 @@ void FieldOptions::MergeFrom(const FieldOptions& from) {
   }
   _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -10596,14 +10652,16 @@ void FieldOptions::CopyFrom(const FieldOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldOptions)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool FieldOptions::IsInitialized() const {
 
   if (!::google::protobuf::internal::AllAreInitialized(this->uninterpreted_option())) return false;
 
-  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) return false;
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -10650,11 +10708,11 @@ void FieldOptions::clear_ctype() {
   ctype_ = 0;
   clear_has_ctype();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions::ctype() const {
+::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType FieldOptions::ctype() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.ctype)
   return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType >(ctype_);
 }
- void FieldOptions::set_ctype(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType value) {
+void FieldOptions::set_ctype(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType value) {
   assert(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_CType_IsValid(value));
   set_has_ctype();
   ctype_ = value;
@@ -10675,11 +10733,11 @@ void FieldOptions::clear_packed() {
   packed_ = false;
   clear_has_packed();
 }
- bool FieldOptions::packed() const {
+bool FieldOptions::packed() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.packed)
   return packed_;
 }
- void FieldOptions::set_packed(bool value) {
+void FieldOptions::set_packed(bool value) {
   set_has_packed();
   packed_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.packed)
@@ -10699,11 +10757,11 @@ void FieldOptions::clear_jstype() {
   jstype_ = 0;
   clear_has_jstype();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::jstype() const {
+::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType FieldOptions::jstype() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.jstype)
   return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType >(jstype_);
 }
- void FieldOptions::set_jstype(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType value) {
+void FieldOptions::set_jstype(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType value) {
   assert(::google::protobuf::FieldOptions_JSType_IsValid(value));
   set_has_jstype();
   jstype_ = value;
@@ -10724,11 +10782,11 @@ void FieldOptions::clear_lazy() {
   lazy_ = false;
   clear_has_lazy();
 }
- bool FieldOptions::lazy() const {
+bool FieldOptions::lazy() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.lazy)
   return lazy_;
 }
- void FieldOptions::set_lazy(bool value) {
+void FieldOptions::set_lazy(bool value) {
   set_has_lazy();
   lazy_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.lazy)
@@ -10748,11 +10806,11 @@ void FieldOptions::clear_deprecated() {
   deprecated_ = false;
   clear_has_deprecated();
 }
- bool FieldOptions::deprecated() const {
+bool FieldOptions::deprecated() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.deprecated)
   return deprecated_;
 }
- void FieldOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+void FieldOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
   set_has_deprecated();
   deprecated_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.deprecated)
@@ -10772,11 +10830,11 @@ void FieldOptions::clear_weak() {
   weak_ = false;
   clear_has_weak();
 }
- bool FieldOptions::weak() const {
+bool FieldOptions::weak() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.weak)
   return weak_;
 }
- void FieldOptions::set_weak(bool value) {
+void FieldOptions::set_weak(bool value) {
   set_has_weak();
   weak_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldOptions.weak)
@@ -10822,6 +10880,7 @@ const int OneofOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 
 OneofOptions::OneofOptions()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
 }
@@ -10833,13 +10892,12 @@ OneofOptions::OneofOptions(const OneofOptions& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
 }
 
 void OneofOptions::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 OneofOptions::~OneofOptions() {
@@ -10848,8 +10906,6 @@ OneofOptions::~OneofOptions() {
 }
 
 void OneofOptions::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void OneofOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -10863,11 +10919,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* OneofOptions::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const OneofOptions& OneofOptions::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-OneofOptions* OneofOptions::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<OneofOptions> OneofOptions::default_instance_;
 
 OneofOptions* OneofOptions::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   OneofOptions* n = new OneofOptions;
@@ -10881,7 +10937,7 @@ void OneofOptions::Clear() {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
   _extensions_.Clear();
   uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -10921,7 +10977,7 @@ bool OneofOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
           goto success;
         }
         if ((8000u <= tag)) {
-          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, default_instance_,
+          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, internal_default_instance(),
                                       mutable_unknown_fields()));
           continue;
         }
@@ -10983,16 +11039,19 @@ void OneofOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int OneofOptions::ByteSize() const {
+size_t OneofOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  total_size += 2 * this->uninterpreted_option_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->uninterpreted_option_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->uninterpreted_option_size();
+    total_size += 2UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+    }
   }
 
   total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
@@ -11002,18 +11061,17 @@ int OneofOptions::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void OneofOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const OneofOptions* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const OneofOptions* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const OneofOptions>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -11021,19 +11079,26 @@ void OneofOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void OneofOptions::MergeFrom(const OneofOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void OneofOptions::UnsafeMergeFrom(const OneofOptions& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
   _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -11048,14 +11113,16 @@ void OneofOptions::CopyFrom(const OneofOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.OneofOptions)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool OneofOptions::IsInitialized() const {
 
   if (!::google::protobuf::internal::AllAreInitialized(this->uninterpreted_option())) return false;
 
-  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) return false;
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -11124,6 +11191,7 @@ const int EnumOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 
 EnumOptions::EnumOptions()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
 }
@@ -11135,15 +11203,14 @@ EnumOptions::EnumOptions(const EnumOptions& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
 }
 
 void EnumOptions::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
-  allow_alias_ = false;
-  deprecated_ = false;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  ::memset(&allow_alias_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&deprecated_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&allow_alias_) + sizeof(deprecated_));
 }
 
 EnumOptions::~EnumOptions() {
@@ -11152,8 +11219,6 @@ EnumOptions::~EnumOptions() {
 }
 
 void EnumOptions::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void EnumOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -11167,11 +11232,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* EnumOptions::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const EnumOptions& EnumOptions::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-EnumOptions* EnumOptions::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumOptions> EnumOptions::default_instance_;
 
 EnumOptions* EnumOptions::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   EnumOptions* n = new EnumOptions;
@@ -11206,7 +11271,7 @@ void EnumOptions::Clear() {
 #undef ZR_
 
   uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -11225,10 +11290,10 @@ bool EnumOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional bool allow_alias = 2;
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 16) {
+          set_has_allow_alias();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &allow_alias_)));
-          set_has_allow_alias();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -11240,10 +11305,10 @@ bool EnumOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 3: {
         if (tag == 24) {
          parse_deprecated:
+          set_has_deprecated();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &deprecated_)));
-          set_has_deprecated();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -11276,7 +11341,7 @@ bool EnumOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
           goto success;
         }
         if ((8000u <= tag)) {
-          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, default_instance_,
+          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, internal_default_instance(),
                                       mutable_unknown_fields()));
           continue;
         }
@@ -11358,9 +11423,9 @@ void EnumOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int EnumOptions::ByteSize() const {
+size_t EnumOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 3u) {
     // optional bool allow_alias = 2;
@@ -11375,11 +11440,14 @@ int EnumOptions::ByteSize() const {
 
   }
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  total_size += 2 * this->uninterpreted_option_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->uninterpreted_option_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->uninterpreted_option_size();
+    total_size += 2UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+    }
   }
 
   total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
@@ -11389,18 +11457,17 @@ int EnumOptions::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void EnumOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const EnumOptions* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const EnumOptions* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const EnumOptions>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -11408,15 +11475,21 @@ void EnumOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void EnumOptions::MergeFrom(const EnumOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void EnumOptions::UnsafeMergeFrom(const EnumOptions& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_allow_alias()) {
@@ -11428,7 +11501,8 @@ void EnumOptions::MergeFrom(const EnumOptions& from) {
   }
   _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -11443,14 +11517,16 @@ void EnumOptions::CopyFrom(const EnumOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumOptions)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool EnumOptions::IsInitialized() const {
 
   if (!::google::protobuf::internal::AllAreInitialized(this->uninterpreted_option())) return false;
 
-  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) return false;
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -11493,11 +11569,11 @@ void EnumOptions::clear_allow_alias() {
   allow_alias_ = false;
   clear_has_allow_alias();
 }
- bool EnumOptions::allow_alias() const {
+bool EnumOptions::allow_alias() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.allow_alias)
   return allow_alias_;
 }
- void EnumOptions::set_allow_alias(bool value) {
+void EnumOptions::set_allow_alias(bool value) {
   set_has_allow_alias();
   allow_alias_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.allow_alias)
@@ -11517,11 +11593,11 @@ void EnumOptions::clear_deprecated() {
   deprecated_ = false;
   clear_has_deprecated();
 }
- bool EnumOptions::deprecated() const {
+bool EnumOptions::deprecated() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.deprecated)
   return deprecated_;
 }
- void EnumOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+void EnumOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
   set_has_deprecated();
   deprecated_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumOptions.deprecated)
@@ -11568,6 +11644,7 @@ const int EnumValueOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 
 EnumValueOptions::EnumValueOptions()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
 }
@@ -11579,14 +11656,13 @@ EnumValueOptions::EnumValueOptions(const EnumValueOptions& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
 }
 
 void EnumValueOptions::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   deprecated_ = false;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 EnumValueOptions::~EnumValueOptions() {
@@ -11595,8 +11671,6 @@ EnumValueOptions::~EnumValueOptions() {
 }
 
 void EnumValueOptions::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void EnumValueOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -11610,11 +11684,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* EnumValueOptions::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const EnumValueOptions& EnumValueOptions::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-EnumValueOptions* EnumValueOptions::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumValueOptions> EnumValueOptions::default_instance_;
 
 EnumValueOptions* EnumValueOptions::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   EnumValueOptions* n = new EnumValueOptions;
@@ -11629,7 +11703,7 @@ void EnumValueOptions::Clear() {
   _extensions_.Clear();
   deprecated_ = false;
   uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -11648,10 +11722,10 @@ bool EnumValueOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 8) {
+          set_has_deprecated();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &deprecated_)));
-          set_has_deprecated();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -11684,7 +11758,7 @@ bool EnumValueOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
           goto success;
         }
         if ((8000u <= tag)) {
-          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, default_instance_,
+          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, internal_default_instance(),
                                       mutable_unknown_fields()));
           continue;
         }
@@ -11756,9 +11830,9 @@ void EnumValueOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int EnumValueOptions::ByteSize() const {
+size_t EnumValueOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional bool deprecated = 1 [default = false];
   if (has_deprecated()) {
@@ -11766,11 +11840,14 @@ int EnumValueOptions::ByteSize() const {
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  total_size += 2 * this->uninterpreted_option_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->uninterpreted_option_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->uninterpreted_option_size();
+    total_size += 2UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+    }
   }
 
   total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
@@ -11780,18 +11857,17 @@ int EnumValueOptions::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void EnumValueOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const EnumValueOptions* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const EnumValueOptions* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const EnumValueOptions>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -11799,15 +11875,21 @@ void EnumValueOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void EnumValueOptions::MergeFrom(const EnumValueOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void EnumValueOptions::UnsafeMergeFrom(const EnumValueOptions& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_deprecated()) {
@@ -11816,7 +11898,8 @@ void EnumValueOptions::MergeFrom(const EnumValueOptions& from) {
   }
   _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -11831,14 +11914,16 @@ void EnumValueOptions::CopyFrom(const EnumValueOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool EnumValueOptions::IsInitialized() const {
 
   if (!::google::protobuf::internal::AllAreInitialized(this->uninterpreted_option())) return false;
 
-  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) return false;
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -11880,11 +11965,11 @@ void EnumValueOptions::clear_deprecated() {
   deprecated_ = false;
   clear_has_deprecated();
 }
- bool EnumValueOptions::deprecated() const {
+bool EnumValueOptions::deprecated() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.deprecated)
   return deprecated_;
 }
- void EnumValueOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+void EnumValueOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
   set_has_deprecated();
   deprecated_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValueOptions.deprecated)
@@ -11931,6 +12016,7 @@ const int ServiceOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 
 ServiceOptions::ServiceOptions()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
 }
@@ -11942,14 +12028,13 @@ ServiceOptions::ServiceOptions(const ServiceOptions& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
 }
 
 void ServiceOptions::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   deprecated_ = false;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 ServiceOptions::~ServiceOptions() {
@@ -11958,8 +12043,6 @@ ServiceOptions::~ServiceOptions() {
 }
 
 void ServiceOptions::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void ServiceOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -11973,11 +12056,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* ServiceOptions::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const ServiceOptions& ServiceOptions::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-ServiceOptions* ServiceOptions::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<ServiceOptions> ServiceOptions::default_instance_;
 
 ServiceOptions* ServiceOptions::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   ServiceOptions* n = new ServiceOptions;
@@ -11992,7 +12075,7 @@ void ServiceOptions::Clear() {
   _extensions_.Clear();
   deprecated_ = false;
   uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -12011,10 +12094,10 @@ bool ServiceOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
       case 33: {
         if (tag == 264) {
+          set_has_deprecated();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &deprecated_)));
-          set_has_deprecated();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -12047,7 +12130,7 @@ bool ServiceOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
           goto success;
         }
         if ((8000u <= tag)) {
-          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, default_instance_,
+          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, internal_default_instance(),
                                       mutable_unknown_fields()));
           continue;
         }
@@ -12119,9 +12202,9 @@ void ServiceOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int ServiceOptions::ByteSize() const {
+size_t ServiceOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
   if (has_deprecated()) {
@@ -12129,11 +12212,14 @@ int ServiceOptions::ByteSize() const {
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  total_size += 2 * this->uninterpreted_option_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->uninterpreted_option_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->uninterpreted_option_size();
+    total_size += 2UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+    }
   }
 
   total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
@@ -12143,18 +12229,17 @@ int ServiceOptions::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void ServiceOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const ServiceOptions* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const ServiceOptions* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const ServiceOptions>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -12162,15 +12247,21 @@ void ServiceOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void ServiceOptions::MergeFrom(const ServiceOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void ServiceOptions::UnsafeMergeFrom(const ServiceOptions& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_deprecated()) {
@@ -12179,7 +12270,8 @@ void ServiceOptions::MergeFrom(const ServiceOptions& from) {
   }
   _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -12194,14 +12286,16 @@ void ServiceOptions::CopyFrom(const ServiceOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool ServiceOptions::IsInitialized() const {
 
   if (!::google::protobuf::internal::AllAreInitialized(this->uninterpreted_option())) return false;
 
-  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) return false;
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -12243,11 +12337,11 @@ void ServiceOptions::clear_deprecated() {
   deprecated_ = false;
   clear_has_deprecated();
 }
- bool ServiceOptions::deprecated() const {
+bool ServiceOptions::deprecated() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.deprecated)
   return deprecated_;
 }
- void ServiceOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+void ServiceOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
   set_has_deprecated();
   deprecated_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.ServiceOptions.deprecated)
@@ -12294,6 +12388,7 @@ const int MethodOptions::kUninterpretedOptionFieldNumber;
 
 MethodOptions::MethodOptions()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
 }
@@ -12305,14 +12400,13 @@ MethodOptions::MethodOptions(const MethodOptions& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
 }
 
 void MethodOptions::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   deprecated_ = false;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 MethodOptions::~MethodOptions() {
@@ -12321,8 +12415,6 @@ MethodOptions::~MethodOptions() {
 }
 
 void MethodOptions::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void MethodOptions::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -12336,11 +12428,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* MethodOptions::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const MethodOptions& MethodOptions::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-MethodOptions* MethodOptions::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<MethodOptions> MethodOptions::default_instance_;
 
 MethodOptions* MethodOptions::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   MethodOptions* n = new MethodOptions;
@@ -12355,7 +12447,7 @@ void MethodOptions::Clear() {
   _extensions_.Clear();
   deprecated_ = false;
   uninterpreted_option_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -12374,10 +12466,10 @@ bool MethodOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
       case 33: {
         if (tag == 264) {
+          set_has_deprecated();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &deprecated_)));
-          set_has_deprecated();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -12410,7 +12502,7 @@ bool MethodOptions::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
           goto success;
         }
         if ((8000u <= tag)) {
-          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, default_instance_,
+          DO_(_extensions_.ParseField(tag, input, internal_default_instance(),
                                       mutable_unknown_fields()));
           continue;
         }
@@ -12482,9 +12574,9 @@ void MethodOptions::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int MethodOptions::ByteSize() const {
+size_t MethodOptions::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional bool deprecated = 33 [default = false];
   if (has_deprecated()) {
@@ -12492,11 +12584,14 @@ int MethodOptions::ByteSize() const {
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption uninterpreted_option = 999;
-  total_size += 2 * this->uninterpreted_option_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->uninterpreted_option_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->uninterpreted_option_size();
+    total_size += 2UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->uninterpreted_option(i));
+    }
   }
 
   total_size += _extensions_.ByteSize();
@@ -12506,18 +12601,17 @@ int MethodOptions::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void MethodOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const MethodOptions* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const MethodOptions* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const MethodOptions>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -12525,15 +12619,21 @@ void MethodOptions::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void MethodOptions::MergeFrom(const MethodOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void MethodOptions::UnsafeMergeFrom(const MethodOptions& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   uninterpreted_option_.MergeFrom(from.uninterpreted_option_);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_deprecated()) {
@@ -12542,7 +12642,8 @@ void MethodOptions::MergeFrom(const MethodOptions& from) {
   }
   _extensions_.MergeFrom(from._extensions_);
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -12557,14 +12658,16 @@ void MethodOptions::CopyFrom(const MethodOptions& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.MethodOptions)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool MethodOptions::IsInitialized() const {
 
   if (!::google::protobuf::internal::AllAreInitialized(this->uninterpreted_option())) return false;
 
-  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) return false;
+  if (!_extensions_.IsInitialized()) {
+    return false;
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -12606,11 +12709,11 @@ void MethodOptions::clear_deprecated() {
   deprecated_ = false;
   clear_has_deprecated();
 }
- bool MethodOptions::deprecated() const {
+bool MethodOptions::deprecated() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.deprecated)
   return deprecated_;
 }
- void MethodOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
+void MethodOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
   set_has_deprecated();
   deprecated_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.MethodOptions.deprecated)
@@ -12657,6 +12760,7 @@ const int UninterpretedOption_NamePart::kIsExtensionFieldNumber;
 
 UninterpretedOption_NamePart::UninterpretedOption_NamePart()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
 }
@@ -12668,16 +12772,14 @@ UninterpretedOption_NamePart::UninterpretedOption_NamePart(const UninterpretedOp
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
 }
 
 void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_part_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   is_extension_ = false;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 UninterpretedOption_NamePart::~UninterpretedOption_NamePart() {
@@ -12687,8 +12789,6 @@ UninterpretedOption_NamePart::~UninterpretedOption_NamePart() {
 
 void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::SharedDtor() {
   name_part_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -12702,11 +12802,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::descriptor()
 }
 
 const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& UninterpretedOption_NamePart::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-UninterpretedOption_NamePart* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<UninterpretedOption_NamePart> UninterpretedOption_NamePart::default_instance_;
 
 UninterpretedOption_NamePart* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   UninterpretedOption_NamePart* n = new UninterpretedOption_NamePart;
@@ -12724,7 +12824,7 @@ void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::Clear() {
     }
     is_extension_ = false;
   }
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -12760,10 +12860,10 @@ bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 16) {
          parse_is_extension:
+          set_has_is_extension();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &is_extension_)));
-          set_has_is_extension();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -12846,9 +12946,9 @@ void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int UninterpretedOption_NamePart::RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const {
+size_t UninterpretedOption_NamePart::RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(required_fields_byte_size_fallback_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (has_name_part()) {
     // required string name_part = 1;
@@ -12864,9 +12964,9 @@ int UninterpretedOption_NamePart::RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const {
 
   return total_size;
 }
-int UninterpretedOption_NamePart::ByteSize() const {
+size_t UninterpretedOption_NamePart::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (((_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000003) ^ 0x00000003) == 0) {  // All required fields are present.
     // required string name_part = 1;
@@ -12885,18 +12985,17 @@ int UninterpretedOption_NamePart::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const UninterpretedOption_NamePart* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const UninterpretedOption_NamePart* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const UninterpretedOption_NamePart>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -12904,15 +13003,21 @@ void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message&
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::MergeFrom(const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::UnsafeMergeFrom(const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_name_part()) {
       set_has_name_part();
@@ -12923,7 +13028,8 @@ void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::MergeFrom(const UninterpretedOption_NamePart&
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -12938,7 +13044,7 @@ void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::CopyFrom(const UninterpretedOption_NamePart&
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -12982,6 +13088,7 @@ const int UninterpretedOption::kAggregateValueFieldNumber;
 
 UninterpretedOption::UninterpretedOption()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
 }
@@ -12993,20 +13100,17 @@ UninterpretedOption::UninterpretedOption(const UninterpretedOption& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
 }
 
 void UninterpretedOption::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   identifier_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  positive_int_value_ = GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0);
-  negative_int_value_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
-  double_value_ = 0;
   string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   aggregate_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  ::memset(&positive_int_value_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&double_value_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&positive_int_value_) + sizeof(double_value_));
 }
 
 UninterpretedOption::~UninterpretedOption() {
@@ -13018,8 +13122,6 @@ void UninterpretedOption::SharedDtor() {
   identifier_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   string_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   aggregate_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void UninterpretedOption::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -13033,11 +13135,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* UninterpretedOption::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const UninterpretedOption& UninterpretedOption::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-UninterpretedOption* UninterpretedOption::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<UninterpretedOption> UninterpretedOption::default_instance_;
 
 UninterpretedOption* UninterpretedOption::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   UninterpretedOption* n = new UninterpretedOption;
@@ -13082,7 +13184,7 @@ void UninterpretedOption::Clear() {
 #undef ZR_
 
   name_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -13135,10 +13237,10 @@ bool UninterpretedOption::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 4: {
         if (tag == 32) {
          parse_positive_int_value:
+          set_has_positive_int_value();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::uint64, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT64>(
                  input, &positive_int_value_)));
-          set_has_positive_int_value();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -13150,10 +13252,10 @@ bool UninterpretedOption::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 5: {
         if (tag == 40) {
          parse_negative_int_value:
+          set_has_negative_int_value();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int64, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT64>(
                  input, &negative_int_value_)));
-          set_has_negative_int_value();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -13165,10 +13267,10 @@ bool UninterpretedOption::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 6: {
         if (tag == 49) {
          parse_double_value:
+          set_has_double_value();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    double, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_DOUBLE>(
                  input, &double_value_)));
-          set_has_double_value();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -13348,9 +13450,9 @@ void UninterpretedOption::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int UninterpretedOption::ByteSize() const {
+size_t UninterpretedOption::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[1 / 32] & 126u) {
     // optional string identifier_value = 3;
@@ -13395,11 +13497,14 @@ int UninterpretedOption::ByteSize() const {
 
   }
   // repeated .google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart name = 2;
-  total_size += 1 * this->name_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->name_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->name(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->name_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->name(i));
+    }
   }
 
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
@@ -13407,18 +13512,17 @@ int UninterpretedOption::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void UninterpretedOption::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const UninterpretedOption* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const UninterpretedOption* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const UninterpretedOption>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -13426,15 +13530,21 @@ void UninterpretedOption::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void UninterpretedOption::MergeFrom(const UninterpretedOption& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void UninterpretedOption::UnsafeMergeFrom(const UninterpretedOption& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   name_.MergeFrom(from.name_);
   if (from._has_bits_[1 / 32] & (0xffu << (1 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_identifier_value()) {
@@ -13460,7 +13570,8 @@ void UninterpretedOption::MergeFrom(const UninterpretedOption& from) {
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -13475,7 +13586,7 @@ void UninterpretedOption::CopyFrom(const UninterpretedOption& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool UninterpretedOption::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -13526,37 +13637,37 @@ void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::clear_name_part() {
   name_part_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_name_part();
 }
- const ::std::string& UninterpretedOption_NamePart::name_part() const {
+const ::std::string& UninterpretedOption_NamePart::name_part() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
   return name_part_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(const ::std::string& value) {
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_name_part();
   name_part_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
 }
- void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(const char* value) {
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(const char* value) {
   set_has_name_part();
   name_part_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
 }
- void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_name_part(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_name_part();
   name_part_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
 }
- ::std::string* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::mutable_name_part() {
+::std::string* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::mutable_name_part() {
   set_has_name_part();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
   return name_part_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::release_name_part() {
+::std::string* UninterpretedOption_NamePart::release_name_part() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.name_part)
   clear_has_name_part();
   return name_part_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_allocated_name_part(::std::string* name_part) {
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_allocated_name_part(::std::string* name_part) {
   if (name_part != NULL) {
     set_has_name_part();
   } else {
@@ -13580,11 +13691,11 @@ void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::clear_is_extension() {
   is_extension_ = false;
   clear_has_is_extension();
 }
- bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::is_extension() const {
+bool UninterpretedOption_NamePart::is_extension() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.is_extension)
   return is_extension_;
 }
- void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_is_extension(bool value) {
+void UninterpretedOption_NamePart::set_is_extension(bool value) {
   set_has_is_extension();
   is_extension_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.NamePart.is_extension)
@@ -13638,37 +13749,37 @@ void UninterpretedOption::clear_identifier_value() {
   identifier_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_identifier_value();
 }
- const ::std::string& UninterpretedOption::identifier_value() const {
+const ::std::string& UninterpretedOption::identifier_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
   return identifier_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_identifier_value();
   identifier_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(const char* value) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(const char* value) {
   set_has_identifier_value();
   identifier_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_identifier_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_identifier_value();
   identifier_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
 }
- ::std::string* UninterpretedOption::mutable_identifier_value() {
+::std::string* UninterpretedOption::mutable_identifier_value() {
   set_has_identifier_value();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
   return identifier_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* UninterpretedOption::release_identifier_value() {
+::std::string* UninterpretedOption::release_identifier_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.identifier_value)
   clear_has_identifier_value();
   return identifier_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_allocated_identifier_value(::std::string* identifier_value) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_allocated_identifier_value(::std::string* identifier_value) {
   if (identifier_value != NULL) {
     set_has_identifier_value();
   } else {
@@ -13692,11 +13803,11 @@ void UninterpretedOption::clear_positive_int_value() {
   positive_int_value_ = GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0);
   clear_has_positive_int_value();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::uint64 UninterpretedOption::positive_int_value() const {
+::google::protobuf::uint64 UninterpretedOption::positive_int_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.positive_int_value)
   return positive_int_value_;
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_positive_int_value(::google::protobuf::uint64 value) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_positive_int_value(::google::protobuf::uint64 value) {
   set_has_positive_int_value();
   positive_int_value_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.positive_int_value)
@@ -13716,11 +13827,11 @@ void UninterpretedOption::clear_negative_int_value() {
   negative_int_value_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
   clear_has_negative_int_value();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int64 UninterpretedOption::negative_int_value() const {
+::google::protobuf::int64 UninterpretedOption::negative_int_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.negative_int_value)
   return negative_int_value_;
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_negative_int_value(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_negative_int_value(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
   set_has_negative_int_value();
   negative_int_value_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.negative_int_value)
@@ -13740,11 +13851,11 @@ void UninterpretedOption::clear_double_value() {
   double_value_ = 0;
   clear_has_double_value();
 }
- double UninterpretedOption::double_value() const {
+double UninterpretedOption::double_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.double_value)
   return double_value_;
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_double_value(double value) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_double_value(double value) {
   set_has_double_value();
   double_value_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.double_value)
@@ -13764,37 +13875,37 @@ void UninterpretedOption::clear_string_value() {
   string_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_string_value();
 }
- const ::std::string& UninterpretedOption::string_value() const {
+const ::std::string& UninterpretedOption::string_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
   return string_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_string_value();
   string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(const char* value) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(const char* value) {
   set_has_string_value();
   string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(const void* value, size_t size) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_string_value(const void* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_string_value();
   string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
 }
- ::std::string* UninterpretedOption::mutable_string_value() {
+::std::string* UninterpretedOption::mutable_string_value() {
   set_has_string_value();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
   return string_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* UninterpretedOption::release_string_value() {
+::std::string* UninterpretedOption::release_string_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.string_value)
   clear_has_string_value();
   return string_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value) {
   if (string_value != NULL) {
     set_has_string_value();
   } else {
@@ -13818,37 +13929,37 @@ void UninterpretedOption::clear_aggregate_value() {
   aggregate_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_aggregate_value();
 }
- const ::std::string& UninterpretedOption::aggregate_value() const {
+const ::std::string& UninterpretedOption::aggregate_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
   return aggregate_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_aggregate_value();
   aggregate_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(const char* value) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(const char* value) {
   set_has_aggregate_value();
   aggregate_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_aggregate_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_aggregate_value();
   aggregate_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
 }
- ::std::string* UninterpretedOption::mutable_aggregate_value() {
+::std::string* UninterpretedOption::mutable_aggregate_value() {
   set_has_aggregate_value();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
   return aggregate_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* UninterpretedOption::release_aggregate_value() {
+::std::string* UninterpretedOption::release_aggregate_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.UninterpretedOption.aggregate_value)
   clear_has_aggregate_value();
   return aggregate_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void UninterpretedOption::set_allocated_aggregate_value(::std::string* aggregate_value) {
+void UninterpretedOption::set_allocated_aggregate_value(::std::string* aggregate_value) {
   if (aggregate_value != NULL) {
     set_has_aggregate_value();
   } else {
@@ -13872,6 +13983,7 @@ const int SourceCodeInfo_Location::kLeadingDetachedCommentsFieldNumber;
 
 SourceCodeInfo_Location::SourceCodeInfo_Location()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
 }
@@ -13883,16 +13995,14 @@ SourceCodeInfo_Location::SourceCodeInfo_Location(const SourceCodeInfo_Location&
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
 }
 
 void SourceCodeInfo_Location::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   leading_comments_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   trailing_comments_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 SourceCodeInfo_Location::~SourceCodeInfo_Location() {
@@ -13903,8 +14013,6 @@ SourceCodeInfo_Location::~SourceCodeInfo_Location() {
 void SourceCodeInfo_Location::SharedDtor() {
   leading_comments_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   trailing_comments_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void SourceCodeInfo_Location::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -13918,11 +14026,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* SourceCodeInfo_Location::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const SourceCodeInfo_Location& SourceCodeInfo_Location::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-SourceCodeInfo_Location* SourceCodeInfo_Location::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<SourceCodeInfo_Location> SourceCodeInfo_Location::default_instance_;
 
 SourceCodeInfo_Location* SourceCodeInfo_Location::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   SourceCodeInfo_Location* n = new SourceCodeInfo_Location;
@@ -13945,7 +14053,7 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::Clear() {
   path_.Clear();
   span_.Clear();
   leading_detached_comments_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -14203,9 +14311,9 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int SourceCodeInfo_Location::ByteSize() const {
+size_t SourceCodeInfo_Location::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[2 / 32] & 12u) {
     // optional string leading_comments = 3;
@@ -14225,8 +14333,9 @@ int SourceCodeInfo_Location::ByteSize() const {
   }
   // repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
   {
-    int data_size = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < this->path_size(); i++) {
+    size_t data_size = 0;
+    unsigned int count = this->path_size();
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
       data_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
         Int32Size(this->path(i));
     }
@@ -14234,16 +14343,18 @@ int SourceCodeInfo_Location::ByteSize() const {
       total_size += 1 +
         ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(data_size);
     }
+    int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(data_size);
     GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-    _path_cached_byte_size_ = data_size;
+    _path_cached_byte_size_ = cached_size;
     GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
     total_size += data_size;
   }
 
   // repeated int32 span = 2 [packed = true];
   {
-    int data_size = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < this->span_size(); i++) {
+    size_t data_size = 0;
+    unsigned int count = this->span_size();
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
       data_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
         Int32Size(this->span(i));
     }
@@ -14251,14 +14362,16 @@ int SourceCodeInfo_Location::ByteSize() const {
       total_size += 1 +
         ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(data_size);
     }
+    int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(data_size);
     GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-    _span_cached_byte_size_ = data_size;
+    _span_cached_byte_size_ = cached_size;
     GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
     total_size += data_size;
   }
 
   // repeated string leading_detached_comments = 6;
-  total_size += 1 * this->leading_detached_comments_size();
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::FromIntSize(this->leading_detached_comments_size());
   for (int i = 0; i < this->leading_detached_comments_size(); i++) {
     total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
       this->leading_detached_comments(i));
@@ -14269,18 +14382,17 @@ int SourceCodeInfo_Location::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void SourceCodeInfo_Location::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const SourceCodeInfo_Location* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const SourceCodeInfo_Location* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const SourceCodeInfo_Location>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -14288,18 +14400,24 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from)
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void SourceCodeInfo_Location::MergeFrom(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
-  path_.MergeFrom(from.path_);
-  span_.MergeFrom(from.span_);
-  leading_detached_comments_.MergeFrom(from.leading_detached_comments_);
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::UnsafeMergeFrom(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
+  path_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.path_);
+  span_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.span_);
+  leading_detached_comments_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.leading_detached_comments_);
   if (from._has_bits_[2 / 32] & (0xffu << (2 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_leading_comments()) {
       set_has_leading_comments();
@@ -14311,7 +14429,8 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::MergeFrom(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from) {
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -14326,7 +14445,7 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::CopyFrom(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool SourceCodeInfo_Location::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -14366,6 +14485,7 @@ const int SourceCodeInfo::kLocationFieldNumber;
 
 SourceCodeInfo::SourceCodeInfo()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
 }
@@ -14377,13 +14497,12 @@ SourceCodeInfo::SourceCodeInfo(const SourceCodeInfo& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
 }
 
 void SourceCodeInfo::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 SourceCodeInfo::~SourceCodeInfo() {
@@ -14392,8 +14511,6 @@ SourceCodeInfo::~SourceCodeInfo() {
 }
 
 void SourceCodeInfo::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void SourceCodeInfo::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -14407,11 +14524,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* SourceCodeInfo::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const SourceCodeInfo& SourceCodeInfo::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-SourceCodeInfo* SourceCodeInfo::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<SourceCodeInfo> SourceCodeInfo::default_instance_;
 
 SourceCodeInfo* SourceCodeInfo::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   SourceCodeInfo* n = new SourceCodeInfo;
@@ -14424,7 +14541,7 @@ SourceCodeInfo* SourceCodeInfo::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
 void SourceCodeInfo::Clear() {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
   location_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -14513,16 +14630,19 @@ void SourceCodeInfo::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int SourceCodeInfo::ByteSize() const {
+size_t SourceCodeInfo::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location location = 1;
-  total_size += 1 * this->location_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->location_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->location(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->location_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->location(i));
+    }
   }
 
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
@@ -14530,18 +14650,17 @@ int SourceCodeInfo::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void SourceCodeInfo::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const SourceCodeInfo* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const SourceCodeInfo* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const SourceCodeInfo>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -14549,18 +14668,25 @@ void SourceCodeInfo::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void SourceCodeInfo::MergeFrom(const SourceCodeInfo& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void SourceCodeInfo::UnsafeMergeFrom(const SourceCodeInfo& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   location_.MergeFrom(from.location_);
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -14575,7 +14701,7 @@ void SourceCodeInfo::CopyFrom(const SourceCodeInfo& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool SourceCodeInfo::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -14612,24 +14738,24 @@ int SourceCodeInfo_Location::path_size() const {
 void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_path() {
   path_.Clear();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 SourceCodeInfo_Location::path(int index) const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 SourceCodeInfo_Location::path(int index) const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
   return path_.Get(index);
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_path(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_path(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   path_.Set(index, value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_path(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_path(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   path_.Add(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
 }
- const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
 SourceCodeInfo_Location::path() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
   return path_;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
 SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_path() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.path)
   return &path_;
@@ -14642,24 +14768,24 @@ int SourceCodeInfo_Location::span_size() const {
 void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_span() {
   span_.Clear();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 SourceCodeInfo_Location::span(int index) const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 SourceCodeInfo_Location::span(int index) const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
   return span_.Get(index);
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_span(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_span(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   span_.Set(index, value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_span(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_span(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   span_.Add(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
 }
- const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
 SourceCodeInfo_Location::span() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
   return span_;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
 SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_span() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.span)
   return &span_;
@@ -14679,37 +14805,37 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_leading_comments() {
   leading_comments_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_leading_comments();
 }
- const ::std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_comments() const {
+const ::std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_comments() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
   return leading_comments_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(const ::std::string& value) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_leading_comments();
   leading_comments_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(const char* value) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(const char* value) {
   set_has_leading_comments();
   leading_comments_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_comments(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_leading_comments();
   leading_comments_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
 }
- ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_comments() {
+::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_comments() {
   set_has_leading_comments();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
   return leading_comments_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::release_leading_comments() {
+::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::release_leading_comments() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_comments)
   clear_has_leading_comments();
   return leading_comments_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_allocated_leading_comments(::std::string* leading_comments) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_allocated_leading_comments(::std::string* leading_comments) {
   if (leading_comments != NULL) {
     set_has_leading_comments();
   } else {
@@ -14733,37 +14859,37 @@ void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_trailing_comments() {
   trailing_comments_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_trailing_comments();
 }
- const ::std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::trailing_comments() const {
+const ::std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::trailing_comments() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
   return trailing_comments_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(const ::std::string& value) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_trailing_comments();
   trailing_comments_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(const char* value) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(const char* value) {
   set_has_trailing_comments();
   trailing_comments_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_trailing_comments(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_trailing_comments();
   trailing_comments_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
 }
- ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_trailing_comments() {
+::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_trailing_comments() {
   set_has_trailing_comments();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
   return trailing_comments_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::release_trailing_comments() {
+::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::release_trailing_comments() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.trailing_comments)
   clear_has_trailing_comments();
   return trailing_comments_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_allocated_trailing_comments(::std::string* trailing_comments) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_allocated_trailing_comments(::std::string* trailing_comments) {
   if (trailing_comments != NULL) {
     set_has_trailing_comments();
   } else {
@@ -14780,49 +14906,49 @@ int SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments_size() const {
 void SourceCodeInfo_Location::clear_leading_detached_comments() {
   leading_detached_comments_.Clear();
 }
- const ::std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments(int index) const {
+const ::std::string& SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments(int index) const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
   return leading_detached_comments_.Get(index);
 }
- ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_detached_comments(int index) {
+::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_detached_comments(int index) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
   return leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index);
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
   leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value) {
   leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::set_leading_detached_comments(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
   leading_detached_comments_.Mutable(index)->assign(
     reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
 }
- ::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments() {
+::std::string* SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
   return leading_detached_comments_.Add();
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const ::std::string& value) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const ::std::string& value) {
   leading_detached_comments_.Add()->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value) {
   leading_detached_comments_.Add()->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
 }
- void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void SourceCodeInfo_Location::add_leading_detached_comments(const char* value, size_t size) {
   leading_detached_comments_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
 }
- const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
 SourceCodeInfo_Location::leading_detached_comments() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
   return leading_detached_comments_;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
 SourceCodeInfo_Location::mutable_leading_detached_comments() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.SourceCodeInfo.Location.leading_detached_comments)
   return &leading_detached_comments_;
@@ -14875,6 +15001,7 @@ const int GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::kEndFieldNumber;
 
 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
 }
@@ -14886,17 +15013,15 @@ GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation(const GeneratedCodeIn
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
 }
 
 void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::SharedCtor() {
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
   source_file_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  begin_ = 0;
-  end_ = 0;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  ::memset(&begin_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&end_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&begin_) + sizeof(end_));
 }
 
 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::~GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation() {
@@ -14906,8 +15031,6 @@ GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::~GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation() {
 
 void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::SharedDtor() {
   source_file_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -14921,11 +15044,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::descriptor()
 }
 
 const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation> GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::default_instance_;
 
 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* n = new GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation;
@@ -14964,7 +15087,7 @@ void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::Clear() {
 #undef ZR_
 
   path_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -15018,10 +15141,10 @@ bool GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 3: {
         if (tag == 24) {
          parse_begin:
+          set_has_begin();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &begin_)));
-          set_has_begin();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -15033,10 +15156,10 @@ bool GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 4: {
         if (tag == 32) {
          parse_end:
+          set_has_end();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &end_)));
-          set_has_end();
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -15153,9 +15276,9 @@ void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::ByteSize() const {
+size_t GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   if (_has_bits_[1 / 32] & 14u) {
     // optional string source_file = 2;
@@ -15182,8 +15305,9 @@ int GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::ByteSize() const {
   }
   // repeated int32 path = 1 [packed = true];
   {
-    int data_size = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < this->path_size(); i++) {
+    size_t data_size = 0;
+    unsigned int count = this->path_size();
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
       data_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
         Int32Size(this->path(i));
     }
@@ -15191,8 +15315,9 @@ int GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::ByteSize() const {
       total_size += 1 +
         ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(data_size);
     }
+    int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(data_size);
     GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-    _path_cached_byte_size_ = data_size;
+    _path_cached_byte_size_ = cached_size;
     GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
     total_size += data_size;
   }
@@ -15202,18 +15327,17 @@ int GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -15221,16 +15345,22 @@ void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message&
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::MergeFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
-  path_.MergeFrom(from.path_);
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::UnsafeMergeFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
+  path_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.path_);
   if (from._has_bits_[1 / 32] & (0xffu << (1 % 32))) {
     if (from.has_source_file()) {
       set_has_source_file();
@@ -15244,7 +15374,8 @@ void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::MergeFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation&
     }
   }
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -15259,7 +15390,7 @@ void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::CopyFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation&
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -15298,6 +15429,7 @@ const int GeneratedCodeInfo::kAnnotationFieldNumber;
 
 GeneratedCodeInfo::GeneratedCodeInfo()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
 }
@@ -15309,13 +15441,12 @@ GeneratedCodeInfo::GeneratedCodeInfo(const GeneratedCodeInfo& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
 }
 
 void GeneratedCodeInfo::SharedCtor() {
   _cached_size_ = 0;
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
 }
 
 GeneratedCodeInfo::~GeneratedCodeInfo() {
@@ -15324,8 +15455,6 @@ GeneratedCodeInfo::~GeneratedCodeInfo() {
 }
 
 void GeneratedCodeInfo::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void GeneratedCodeInfo::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -15339,11 +15468,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* GeneratedCodeInfo::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const GeneratedCodeInfo& GeneratedCodeInfo::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-GeneratedCodeInfo* GeneratedCodeInfo::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<GeneratedCodeInfo> GeneratedCodeInfo::default_instance_;
 
 GeneratedCodeInfo* GeneratedCodeInfo::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   GeneratedCodeInfo* n = new GeneratedCodeInfo;
@@ -15356,7 +15485,7 @@ GeneratedCodeInfo* GeneratedCodeInfo::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) cons
 void GeneratedCodeInfo::Clear() {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
   annotation_.Clear();
-  ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
+  _has_bits_.Clear();
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
     mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
   }
@@ -15445,16 +15574,19 @@ void GeneratedCodeInfo::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int GeneratedCodeInfo::ByteSize() const {
+size_t GeneratedCodeInfo::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation annotation = 1;
-  total_size += 1 * this->annotation_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->annotation_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->annotation(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->annotation_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->annotation(i));
+    }
   }
 
   if (_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
@@ -15462,18 +15594,17 @@ int GeneratedCodeInfo::ByteSize() const {
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
         unknown_fields());
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void GeneratedCodeInfo::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const GeneratedCodeInfo* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const GeneratedCodeInfo* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const GeneratedCodeInfo>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -15481,18 +15612,25 @@ void GeneratedCodeInfo::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void GeneratedCodeInfo::MergeFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void GeneratedCodeInfo::UnsafeMergeFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   annotation_.MergeFrom(from.annotation_);
   if (from._internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields()) {
-    mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
+    ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      from.unknown_fields(), &_internal_metadata_);
   }
 }
 
@@ -15507,7 +15645,7 @@ void GeneratedCodeInfo::CopyFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool GeneratedCodeInfo::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -15544,24 +15682,24 @@ int GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::path_size() const {
 void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::clear_path() {
   path_.Clear();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::path(int index) const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::path(int index) const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.path)
   return path_.Get(index);
 }
- void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_path(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_path(int index, ::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   path_.Set(index, value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.path)
 }
- void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::add_path(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::add_path(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   path_.Add(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.path)
 }
- const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
+const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >&
 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::path() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.path)
   return path_;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
+::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 >*
 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::mutable_path() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.path)
   return &path_;
@@ -15581,37 +15719,37 @@ void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::clear_source_file() {
   source_file_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   clear_has_source_file();
 }
- const ::std::string& GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::source_file() const {
+const ::std::string& GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::source_file() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
   return source_file_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_source_file(const ::std::string& value) {
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_source_file(const ::std::string& value) {
   set_has_source_file();
   source_file_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
 }
- void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_source_file(const char* value) {
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_source_file(const char* value) {
   set_has_source_file();
   source_file_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
 }
- void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_source_file(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_source_file(const char* value, size_t size) {
   set_has_source_file();
   source_file_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
 }
- ::std::string* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::mutable_source_file() {
+::std::string* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::mutable_source_file() {
   set_has_source_file();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
   return source_file_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::release_source_file() {
+::std::string* GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::release_source_file() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.source_file)
   clear_has_source_file();
   return source_file_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_allocated_source_file(::std::string* source_file) {
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_allocated_source_file(::std::string* source_file) {
   if (source_file != NULL) {
     set_has_source_file();
   } else {
@@ -15635,11 +15773,11 @@ void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::clear_begin() {
   begin_ = 0;
   clear_has_begin();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::begin() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::begin() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.begin)
   return begin_;
 }
- void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_begin(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_begin(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   set_has_begin();
   begin_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.begin)
@@ -15659,11 +15797,11 @@ void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::clear_end() {
   end_ = 0;
   clear_has_end();
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::end() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::end() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.end)
   return end_;
 }
- void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation::set_end(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   set_has_end();
   end_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.GeneratedCodeInfo.Annotation.end)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h
index f5f97f37..13f60520 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ namespace protobuf {
 
 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
@@ -204,6 +205,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorSet : public ::google::protobuf::Message
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const FileDescriptorSet& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const FileDescriptorSet* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(FileDescriptorSet* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -218,7 +223,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorSet : public ::google::protobuf::Message
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -234,6 +239,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorSet : public ::google::protobuf::Message
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(FileDescriptorSet* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const FileDescriptorSet& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -265,15 +271,16 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorSet : public ::google::protobuf::Message
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto > file_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static FileDescriptorSet* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FileDescriptorSet> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -300,6 +307,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const FileDescriptorProto& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const FileDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(FileDescriptorProto* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -314,7 +325,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -330,6 +341,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(FileDescriptorProto* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const FileDescriptorProto& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -501,10 +513,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   inline void clear_has_syntax();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr package_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> dependency_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 > public_dependency_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 > weak_dependency_;
@@ -512,15 +522,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto > enum_type_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptorProto > service_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto > extension_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr package_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr syntax_;
   ::google::protobuf::FileOptions* options_;
   ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* source_code_info_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr syntax_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static FileDescriptorProto* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FileDescriptorProto> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -547,6 +560,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange : public ::google::proto
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -561,7 +578,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange : public ::google::proto
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -577,6 +594,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange : public ::google::proto
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -614,16 +632,17 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange : public ::google::proto
   inline void clear_has_end();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::int32 start_;
   ::google::protobuf::int32 end_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -650,6 +669,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ReservedRange : public ::google::protob
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -664,7 +687,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ReservedRange : public ::google::protob
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -680,6 +703,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ReservedRange : public ::google::protob
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const DescriptorProto_ReservedRange& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -717,16 +741,17 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto_ReservedRange : public ::google::protob
   inline void clear_has_end();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::int32 start_;
   ::google::protobuf::int32 end_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static DescriptorProto_ReservedRange* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<DescriptorProto_ReservedRange> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -753,6 +778,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const DescriptorProto& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const DescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(DescriptorProto* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -767,7 +796,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -783,6 +812,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(DescriptorProto* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const DescriptorProto& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -930,24 +960,25 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   inline void clear_has_options();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto > field_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::FieldDescriptorProto > extension_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto > nested_type_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptorProto > enum_type_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ExtensionRange > extension_range_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::OneofDescriptorProto > oneof_decl_;
-  ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* options_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::DescriptorProto_ReservedRange > reserved_range_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> reserved_name_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* options_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static DescriptorProto* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<DescriptorProto> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -974,6 +1005,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messa
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const FieldDescriptorProto& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const FieldDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(FieldDescriptorProto* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -988,7 +1023,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messa
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -1004,6 +1039,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messa
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(FieldDescriptorProto* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const FieldDescriptorProto& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -1226,24 +1262,25 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messa
   inline void clear_has_options();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
-  ::google::protobuf::int32 number_;
-  int label_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr type_name_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr extendee_;
-  int type_;
-  ::google::protobuf::int32 oneof_index_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr default_value_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr json_name_;
   ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* options_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 number_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 oneof_index_;
+  int label_;
+  int type_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static FieldDescriptorProto* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FieldDescriptorProto> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1270,6 +1307,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messa
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const OneofDescriptorProto& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const OneofDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(OneofDescriptorProto* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -1284,7 +1325,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messa
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -1300,6 +1341,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messa
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(OneofDescriptorProto* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const OneofDescriptorProto& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -1344,16 +1386,17 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messa
   inline void clear_has_options();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::OneofOptions* options_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static OneofDescriptorProto* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<OneofDescriptorProto> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1380,6 +1423,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const EnumDescriptorProto& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const EnumDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(EnumDescriptorProto* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -1394,7 +1441,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -1410,6 +1457,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(EnumDescriptorProto* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const EnumDescriptorProto& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -1466,17 +1514,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   inline void clear_has_options();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValueDescriptorProto > value_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* options_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static EnumDescriptorProto* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumDescriptorProto> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1503,6 +1552,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::M
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const EnumValueDescriptorProto& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const EnumValueDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(EnumValueDescriptorProto* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -1517,7 +1570,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::M
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -1533,6 +1586,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::M
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(EnumValueDescriptorProto* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const EnumValueDescriptorProto& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -1586,17 +1640,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::M
   inline void clear_has_options();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* options_;
   ::google::protobuf::int32 number_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static EnumValueDescriptorProto* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumValueDescriptorProto> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1623,6 +1678,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Mes
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const ServiceDescriptorProto& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const ServiceDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(ServiceDescriptorProto* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -1637,7 +1696,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Mes
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -1653,6 +1712,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Mes
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(ServiceDescriptorProto* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const ServiceDescriptorProto& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -1709,17 +1769,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Mes
   inline void clear_has_options();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::MethodDescriptorProto > method_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* options_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static ServiceDescriptorProto* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<ServiceDescriptorProto> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1746,6 +1807,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Mess
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const MethodDescriptorProto& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const MethodDescriptorProto* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(MethodDescriptorProto* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -1760,7 +1825,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Mess
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -1776,6 +1841,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Mess
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(MethodDescriptorProto* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const MethodDescriptorProto& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -1866,7 +1932,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Mess
   inline void clear_has_server_streaming();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr input_type_;
@@ -1874,12 +1940,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodDescriptorProto : public ::google::protobuf::Mess
   ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* options_;
   bool client_streaming_;
   bool server_streaming_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static MethodDescriptorProto* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<MethodDescriptorProto> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1906,6 +1973,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const FileOptions& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const FileOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(FileOptions* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -1920,7 +1991,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -1936,6 +2007,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(FileOptions* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const FileOptions& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -2010,13 +2082,6 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   bool java_multiple_files() const;
   void set_java_multiple_files(bool value);
 
-  // optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default = false];
-  bool has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() const;
-  void clear_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
-  static const int kJavaGenerateEqualsAndHashFieldNumber = 20;
-  bool java_generate_equals_and_hash() const;
-  void set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(bool value);
-
   // optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];
   bool has_java_string_check_utf8() const;
   void clear_java_string_check_utf8();
@@ -2123,8 +2188,6 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   inline void clear_has_java_outer_classname();
   inline void set_has_java_multiple_files();
   inline void clear_has_java_multiple_files();
-  inline void set_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
-  inline void clear_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
   inline void set_has_java_string_check_utf8();
   inline void clear_has_java_string_check_utf8();
   inline void set_has_optimize_for();
@@ -2149,29 +2212,29 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FileOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr java_package_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr java_outer_classname_;
-  bool java_multiple_files_;
-  bool java_generate_equals_and_hash_;
-  bool java_string_check_utf8_;
-  bool cc_generic_services_;
-  int optimize_for_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr go_package_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr objc_class_prefix_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr csharp_namespace_;
-  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
+  bool java_multiple_files_;
+  bool java_string_check_utf8_;
+  bool cc_generic_services_;
   bool java_generic_services_;
   bool py_generic_services_;
   bool deprecated_;
   bool cc_enable_arenas_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  int optimize_for_;
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static FileOptions* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FileOptions> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2198,6 +2261,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const MessageOptions& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const MessageOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(MessageOptions* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -2212,7 +2279,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -2228,6 +2295,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(MessageOptions* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const MessageOptions& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -2298,19 +2366,20 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
   bool message_set_wire_format_;
   bool no_standard_descriptor_accessor_;
   bool deprecated_;
   bool map_entry_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static MessageOptions* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<MessageOptions> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2337,6 +2406,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const FieldOptions& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const FieldOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(FieldOptions* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -2351,7 +2424,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -2367,6 +2440,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(FieldOptions* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const FieldOptions& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -2511,21 +2585,22 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
   int ctype_;
   int jstype_;
-  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
   bool packed_;
   bool lazy_;
   bool deprecated_;
   bool weak_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static FieldOptions* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FieldOptions> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2552,6 +2627,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const OneofOptions& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const OneofOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(OneofOptions* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -2566,7 +2645,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -2582,6 +2661,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(OneofOptions* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const OneofOptions& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -2616,15 +2696,16 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OneofOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static OneofOptions* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<OneofOptions> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2651,6 +2732,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const EnumOptions& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const EnumOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(EnumOptions* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -2665,7 +2750,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -2681,6 +2766,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(EnumOptions* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const EnumOptions& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -2733,17 +2819,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
   bool allow_alias_;
   bool deprecated_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static EnumOptions* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumOptions> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2770,6 +2857,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const EnumValueOptions& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const EnumValueOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(EnumValueOptions* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -2784,7 +2875,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -2800,6 +2891,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(EnumValueOptions* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const EnumValueOptions& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -2843,16 +2935,17 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValueOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
   bool deprecated_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static EnumValueOptions* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumValueOptions> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2879,6 +2972,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const ServiceOptions& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const ServiceOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(ServiceOptions* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -2893,7 +2990,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -2909,6 +3006,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(ServiceOptions* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const ServiceOptions& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -2952,16 +3050,17 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
   bool deprecated_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static ServiceOptions* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<ServiceOptions> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2988,6 +3087,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const MethodOptions& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const MethodOptions* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(MethodOptions* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -3002,7 +3105,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -3018,6 +3121,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(MethodOptions* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const MethodOptions& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -3061,16 +3165,17 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodOptions : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ExtensionSet _extensions_;
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption > uninterpreted_option_;
   bool deprecated_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static MethodOptions* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<MethodOptions> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -3097,6 +3202,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UninterpretedOption_NamePart : public ::google::protobu
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const UninterpretedOption_NamePart* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(UninterpretedOption_NamePart* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -3111,7 +3220,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UninterpretedOption_NamePart : public ::google::protobu
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -3127,6 +3236,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UninterpretedOption_NamePart : public ::google::protobu
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(UninterpretedOption_NamePart* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const UninterpretedOption_NamePart& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -3168,20 +3278,21 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UninterpretedOption_NamePart : public ::google::protobu
   inline void set_has_is_extension();
   inline void clear_has_is_extension();
 
-  // helper for ByteSize()
-  int RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const;
+  // helper for ByteSizeLong()
+  size_t RequiredFieldsByteSizeFallback() const;
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_part_;
   bool is_extension_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static UninterpretedOption_NamePart* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<UninterpretedOption_NamePart> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -3208,6 +3319,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UninterpretedOption : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const UninterpretedOption& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const UninterpretedOption* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(UninterpretedOption* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -3222,7 +3337,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UninterpretedOption : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -3238,6 +3353,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UninterpretedOption : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(UninterpretedOption* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const UninterpretedOption& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -3340,21 +3456,22 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UninterpretedOption : public ::google::protobuf::Messag
   inline void clear_has_aggregate_value();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::UninterpretedOption_NamePart > name_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr identifier_value_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr string_value_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr aggregate_value_;
   ::google::protobuf::uint64 positive_int_value_;
   ::google::protobuf::int64 negative_int_value_;
   double double_value_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr string_value_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr aggregate_value_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static UninterpretedOption* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<UninterpretedOption> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -3381,6 +3498,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo_Location : public ::google::protobuf::Me
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const SourceCodeInfo_Location& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const SourceCodeInfo_Location* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(SourceCodeInfo_Location* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -3395,7 +3516,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo_Location : public ::google::protobuf::Me
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -3411,6 +3532,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo_Location : public ::google::protobuf::Me
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(SourceCodeInfo_Location* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const SourceCodeInfo_Location& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -3498,21 +3620,22 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo_Location : public ::google::protobuf::Me
   inline void clear_has_trailing_comments();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 > path_;
   mutable int _path_cached_byte_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 > span_;
   mutable int _span_cached_byte_size_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> leading_detached_comments_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr leading_comments_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr trailing_comments_;
-  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> leading_detached_comments_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static SourceCodeInfo_Location* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<SourceCodeInfo_Location> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -3539,6 +3662,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const SourceCodeInfo& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const SourceCodeInfo* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(SourceCodeInfo* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -3553,7 +3680,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -3569,6 +3696,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(SourceCodeInfo* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const SourceCodeInfo& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -3602,15 +3730,16 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceCodeInfo : public ::google::protobuf::Message /*
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo_Location > location_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static SourceCodeInfo* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<SourceCodeInfo> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -3637,6 +3766,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation : public ::google::protobu
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -3651,7 +3784,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation : public ::google::protobu
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -3667,6 +3800,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation : public ::google::protobu
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -3730,19 +3864,20 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation : public ::google::protobu
   inline void clear_has_end();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedField< ::google::protobuf::int32 > path_;
   mutable int _path_cached_byte_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr source_file_;
   ::google::protobuf::int32 begin_;
   ::google::protobuf::int32 end_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -3769,6 +3904,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedCodeInfo : public ::google::protobuf::Message
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const GeneratedCodeInfo& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const GeneratedCodeInfo* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(GeneratedCodeInfo* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -3783,7 +3922,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedCodeInfo : public ::google::protobuf::Message
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -3799,6 +3938,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedCodeInfo : public ::google::protobuf::Message
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(GeneratedCodeInfo* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const GeneratedCodeInfo& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -3832,15 +3972,16 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedCodeInfo : public ::google::protobuf::Message
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::HasBits<1> _has_bits_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::GeneratedCodeInfo_Annotation > annotation_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fdescriptor_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static GeneratedCodeInfo* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<GeneratedCodeInfo> default_instance_;
 };
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -4243,7 +4384,8 @@ inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::FileOptions& FileDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::FileOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::FileOptions* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -4287,7 +4429,8 @@ inline void FileDescriptorProto::clear_source_code_info() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo& FileDescriptorProto::source_code_info() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileDescriptorProto.source_code_info)
-  return source_code_info_ != NULL ? *source_code_info_ : *default_instance_->source_code_info_;
+  return source_code_info_ != NULL ? *source_code_info_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::SourceCodeInfo* FileDescriptorProto::mutable_source_code_info() {
   set_has_source_code_info();
@@ -4727,7 +4870,8 @@ inline void DescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions& DescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::MessageOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::MessageOptions* DescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -5228,7 +5372,8 @@ inline void FieldDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions& FieldDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::FieldOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::FieldOptions* FieldDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -5330,7 +5475,8 @@ inline void OneofDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::OneofOptions& OneofDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.OneofDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::OneofOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::OneofOptions* OneofDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -5462,7 +5608,8 @@ inline void EnumDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions& EnumDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::EnumOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::EnumOptions* EnumDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -5588,7 +5735,8 @@ inline void EnumValueDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions& EnumValueDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValueDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::EnumValueOptions* EnumValueDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -5720,7 +5868,8 @@ inline void ServiceDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions& ServiceDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.ServiceDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::ServiceOptions* ServiceDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -5930,7 +6079,8 @@ inline void MethodDescriptorProto::clear_options() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions& MethodDescriptorProto::options() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.MethodDescriptorProto.options)
-  return options_ != NULL ? *options_ : *default_instance_->options_;
+  return options_ != NULL ? *options_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::MethodOptions::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::MethodOptions* MethodDescriptorProto::mutable_options() {
   set_has_options();
@@ -6142,39 +6292,15 @@ inline void FileOptions::set_java_multiple_files(bool value) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_multiple_files)
 }
 
-// optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default = false];
-inline bool FileOptions::has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
-}
-inline void FileOptions::set_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
-}
-inline void FileOptions::clear_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
-}
-inline void FileOptions::clear_java_generate_equals_and_hash() {
-  java_generate_equals_and_hash_ = false;
-  clear_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
-}
-inline bool FileOptions::java_generate_equals_and_hash() const {
-  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generate_equals_and_hash)
-  return java_generate_equals_and_hash_;
-}
-inline void FileOptions::set_java_generate_equals_and_hash(bool value) {
-  set_has_java_generate_equals_and_hash();
-  java_generate_equals_and_hash_ = value;
-  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FileOptions.java_generate_equals_and_hash)
-}
-
 // optional bool java_string_check_utf8 = 27 [default = false];
 inline bool FileOptions::has_java_string_check_utf8() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000008u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::set_has_java_string_check_utf8() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000008u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_has_java_string_check_utf8() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000008u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_java_string_check_utf8() {
   java_string_check_utf8_ = false;
@@ -6192,13 +6318,13 @@ inline void FileOptions::set_java_string_check_utf8(bool value) {
 
 // optional .google.protobuf.FileOptions.OptimizeMode optimize_for = 9 [default = SPEED];
 inline bool FileOptions::has_optimize_for() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000010u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::set_has_optimize_for() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000010u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_has_optimize_for() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000010u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_optimize_for() {
   optimize_for_ = 1;
@@ -6217,13 +6343,13 @@ inline void FileOptions::set_optimize_for(::google::protobuf::FileOptions_Optimi
 
 // optional string go_package = 11;
 inline bool FileOptions::has_go_package() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000040u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000020u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::set_has_go_package() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000020u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_has_go_package() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000020u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_go_package() {
   go_package_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
@@ -6271,13 +6397,13 @@ inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_go_package(::std::string* go_package) {
 
 // optional bool cc_generic_services = 16 [default = false];
 inline bool FileOptions::has_cc_generic_services() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000080u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000040u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::set_has_cc_generic_services() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000040u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_has_cc_generic_services() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000040u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_cc_generic_services() {
   cc_generic_services_ = false;
@@ -6295,13 +6421,13 @@ inline void FileOptions::set_cc_generic_services(bool value) {
 
 // optional bool java_generic_services = 17 [default = false];
 inline bool FileOptions::has_java_generic_services() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000100u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000080u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::set_has_java_generic_services() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000080u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_has_java_generic_services() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000100u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000080u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_java_generic_services() {
   java_generic_services_ = false;
@@ -6319,13 +6445,13 @@ inline void FileOptions::set_java_generic_services(bool value) {
 
 // optional bool py_generic_services = 18 [default = false];
 inline bool FileOptions::has_py_generic_services() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000200u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000100u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::set_has_py_generic_services() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000100u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_has_py_generic_services() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000200u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000100u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_py_generic_services() {
   py_generic_services_ = false;
@@ -6343,13 +6469,13 @@ inline void FileOptions::set_py_generic_services(bool value) {
 
 // optional bool deprecated = 23 [default = false];
 inline bool FileOptions::has_deprecated() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000400u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000200u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::set_has_deprecated() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000400u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000200u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_has_deprecated() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000400u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000200u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_deprecated() {
   deprecated_ = false;
@@ -6367,13 +6493,13 @@ inline void FileOptions::set_deprecated(bool value) {
 
 // optional bool cc_enable_arenas = 31 [default = false];
 inline bool FileOptions::has_cc_enable_arenas() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000800u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000400u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::set_has_cc_enable_arenas() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000800u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000400u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_has_cc_enable_arenas() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000800u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000400u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_cc_enable_arenas() {
   cc_enable_arenas_ = false;
@@ -6391,13 +6517,13 @@ inline void FileOptions::set_cc_enable_arenas(bool value) {
 
 // optional string objc_class_prefix = 36;
 inline bool FileOptions::has_objc_class_prefix() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00001000u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000800u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::set_has_objc_class_prefix() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00001000u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000800u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_has_objc_class_prefix() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00001000u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000800u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_objc_class_prefix() {
   objc_class_prefix_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
@@ -6445,13 +6571,13 @@ inline void FileOptions::set_allocated_objc_class_prefix(::std::string* objc_cla
 
 // optional string csharp_namespace = 37;
 inline bool FileOptions::has_csharp_namespace() const {
-  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00002000u) != 0;
+  return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00001000u) != 0;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::set_has_csharp_namespace() {
-  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00002000u;
+  _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00001000u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_has_csharp_namespace() {
-  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00002000u;
+  _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00001000u;
 }
 inline void FileOptions::clear_csharp_namespace() {
   csharp_namespace_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
index 28410d4a..23a9fe92 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.proto
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "DescriptorProtos";
 option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.Reflection";
 option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 
 // descriptor.proto must be optimized for speed because reflection-based
 // algorithms don't work during bootstrapping.
@@ -306,19 +305,10 @@ message FileOptions {
   // top-level extensions defined in the file.
   optional bool java_multiple_files = 10 [default=false];
 
-  // If set true, then the Java code generator will generate equals() and
-  // hashCode() methods for all messages defined in the .proto file.
-  // This increases generated code size, potentially substantially for large
-  // protos, which may harm a memory-constrained application.
-  // - In the full runtime this is a speed optimization, as the
-  // AbstractMessage base class includes reflection-based implementations of
-  // these methods.
-  // - In the lite runtime, setting this option changes the semantics of
-  // equals() and hashCode() to more closely match those of the full runtime;
-  // the generated methods compute their results based on field values rather
-  // than object identity. (Implementations should not assume that hashcodes
-  // will be consistent across runtimes or versions of the protocol compiler.)
-  optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [default=false];
+  // BEGIN PROTOBUF-OPENSOURCE
+  // // This option does nothing.
+  // optional bool java_generate_equals_and_hash = 20 [deprecated=true];
+  // END PROTOBUF-OPENSOURCE
 
   // If set true, then the Java2 code generator will generate code that
   // throws an exception whenever an attempt is made to assign a non-UTF-8
@@ -448,6 +438,8 @@ message MessageOptions {
 
   // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
   extensions 1000 to max;
+
+  reserved 8;  // javalite_serializable
 }
 
 message FieldOptions {
@@ -471,7 +463,6 @@ message FieldOptions {
   // false will avoid using packed encoding.
   optional bool packed = 2;
 
-
   // The jstype option determines the JavaScript type used for values of the
   // field.  The option is permitted only for 64 bit integral and fixed types
   // (int64, uint64, sint64, fixed64, sfixed64).  By default these types are
@@ -512,7 +503,7 @@ message FieldOptions {
   //
   //
   // Note that implementations may choose not to check required fields within
-  // a lazy sub-message.  That is, calling IsInitialized() on the outher message
+  // a lazy sub-message.  That is, calling IsInitialized() on the outer message
   // may return true even if the inner message has missing required fields.
   // This is necessary because otherwise the inner message would have to be
   // parsed in order to perform the check, defeating the purpose of lazy
@@ -538,6 +529,8 @@ message FieldOptions {
 
   // Clients can define custom options in extensions of this message. See above.
   extensions 1000 to max;
+
+  reserved 4;  // removed jtype
 }
 
 message OneofOptions {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc
index 4183138f..07953416 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_unittest.cc
@@ -773,9 +773,9 @@ TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldFullName) {
 TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldJsonName) {
   EXPECT_EQ("fieldName1", message4_->field(0)->json_name());
   EXPECT_EQ("fieldName2", message4_->field(1)->json_name());
-  EXPECT_EQ("fieldName3", message4_->field(2)->json_name());
-  EXPECT_EQ("fieldName4", message4_->field(3)->json_name());
-  EXPECT_EQ("fIELDNAME5", message4_->field(4)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldName3", message4_->field(2)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldName4", message4_->field(3)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FIELDNAME5", message4_->field(4)->json_name());
   EXPECT_EQ("@type", message4_->field(5)->json_name());
 
   DescriptorProto proto;
@@ -793,10 +793,20 @@ TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldJsonName) {
   ASSERT_EQ(6, proto.field_size());
   EXPECT_EQ("fieldName1", proto.field(0).json_name());
   EXPECT_EQ("fieldName2", proto.field(1).json_name());
-  EXPECT_EQ("fieldName3", proto.field(2).json_name());
-  EXPECT_EQ("fieldName4", proto.field(3).json_name());
-  EXPECT_EQ("fIELDNAME5", proto.field(4).json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldName3", proto.field(2).json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldName4", proto.field(3).json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FIELDNAME5", proto.field(4).json_name());
   EXPECT_EQ("@type", proto.field(5).json_name());
+
+  // Test generated descriptor.
+  const Descriptor* generated = protobuf_unittest::TestJsonName::descriptor();
+  ASSERT_EQ(6, generated->field_count());
+  EXPECT_EQ("fieldName1", generated->field(0)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("fieldName2", generated->field(1)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldName3", generated->field(2)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FieldName4", generated->field(3)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("FIELDNAME5", generated->field(4)->json_name());
+  EXPECT_EQ("@type", generated->field(5)->json_name());
 }
 
 TEST_F(DescriptorTest, FieldFile) {
@@ -5553,6 +5563,60 @@ TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryConflictsWithEnum) {
       "with an existing enum type.\n");
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, EnumValuesConflictWhenPrefixesStripped) {
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'FOO_ENUM_BAZ' number: 0 }"
+      "  value { name: 'BAZ' number: 1 }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: BAZ: NAME: When enum name is stripped and label is "
+      "PascalCased (Baz), this value label conflicts with FOO_ENUM_BAZ\n");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'FOOENUM_BAZ' number: 0 }"
+      "  value { name: 'BAZ' number: 1 }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: BAZ: NAME: When enum name is stripped and label is "
+      "PascalCased (Baz), this value label conflicts with FOOENUM_BAZ\n");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'FOO_ENUM_BAR_BAZ' number: 0 }"
+      "  value { name: 'BAR__BAZ' number: 1 }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: BAR__BAZ: NAME: When enum name is stripped and label is "
+      "PascalCased (BarBaz), this value label conflicts with "
+      "FOO_ENUM_BAR_BAZ\n");
+
+  BuildFileWithErrors(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'FOO_ENUM__BAR_BAZ' number: 0 }"
+      "  value { name: 'BAR_BAZ' number: 1 }"
+      "}",
+      "foo.proto: BAR_BAZ: NAME: When enum name is stripped and label is "
+      "PascalCased (BarBaz), this value label conflicts with "
+      "FOO_ENUM__BAR_BAZ\n");
+
+  // This isn't an error because the underscore will cause the PascalCase to
+  // differ by case (BarBaz vs. Barbaz).
+  BuildFile(
+      "name: 'foo.proto' "
+      "enum_type {"
+      "  name: 'FooEnum' "
+      "  value { name: 'BAR_BAZ' number: 0 }"
+      "  value { name: 'BARBAZ' number: 1 }"
+      "}");
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidationErrorTest, MapEntryConflictsWithOneof) {
   FileDescriptorProto file_proto;
   FillValidMapEntry(&file_proto);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc
index 884f6ccb..0e1be63c 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.cc
@@ -44,20 +44,19 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto() {
   Duration_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Duration_descriptor_,
-      Duration::default_instance_,
+      Duration::internal_default_instance(),
       Duration_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Duration),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Duration, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Duration, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Duration, _internal_metadata_));
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
-inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto);
 }
@@ -66,37 +65,48 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Duration_descriptor_, &Duration::default_instance());
+      Duration_descriptor_, Duration::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto() {
-  delete Duration::default_instance_;
   delete Duration_reflection_;
 }
 
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto() {
-  static bool already_here = false;
-  if (already_here) return;
-  already_here = true;
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_impl() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  Duration::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  Duration::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_impl);
+}
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_impl() {
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
     "\n\036google/protobuf/duration.proto\022\017google"
     ".protobuf\"*\n\010Duration\022\017\n\007seconds\030\001 \001(\003\022\r"
     "\n\005nanos\030\002 \001(\005B|\n\023com.google.protobufB\rDu"
     "rationProtoP\001Z*github.com/golang/protobu"
-    "f/ptypes/duration\240\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Prot"
+    "f/ptypes/duration\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Prot"
     "obuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 227);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/duration.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
-  Duration::default_instance_ = new Duration();
-  Duration::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto);
 }
 
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_impl);
+}
 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto {
   StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto() {
@@ -104,6 +114,16 @@ struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto {
   }
 } static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_;
 
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
@@ -113,27 +133,36 @@ const int Duration::kNanosFieldNumber;
 
 Duration::Duration()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Duration)
 }
+Duration::Duration(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Duration)
+}
 
 void Duration::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 Duration::Duration(const Duration& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Duration)
 }
 
 void Duration::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::memset(&seconds_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&nanos_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&seconds_) + sizeof(nanos_));
   _cached_size_ = 0;
-  seconds_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
-  nanos_ = 0;
 }
 
 Duration::~Duration() {
@@ -142,10 +171,19 @@ Duration::~Duration() {
 }
 
 void Duration::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    return;
   }
+
 }
 
+void Duration::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Duration* _this = reinterpret_cast< Duration* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Duration::RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
+}
 void Duration::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
   _cached_size_ = size;
@@ -157,18 +195,14 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Duration::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Duration& Duration::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Duration* Duration::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Duration> Duration::default_instance_;
 
 Duration* Duration::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
-  Duration* n = new Duration;
-  if (arena != NULL) {
-    arena->Own(n);
-  }
-  return n;
+  return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<Duration>(arena);
 }
 
 void Duration::Clear() {
@@ -209,10 +243,10 @@ bool Duration::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional int64 seconds = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 8) {
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int64, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT64>(
                  input, &seconds_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -224,10 +258,10 @@ bool Duration::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 16) {
          parse_nanos:
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &nanos_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -290,9 +324,9 @@ void Duration::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Duration::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Duration::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional int64 seconds = 1;
   if (this->seconds() != 0) {
@@ -308,18 +342,17 @@ int Duration::ByteSize() const {
         this->nanos());
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Duration::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Duration* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Duration* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Duration>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -327,15 +360,21 @@ void Duration::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Duration)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Duration::MergeFrom(const Duration& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Duration::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Duration& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.seconds() != 0) {
     set_seconds(from.seconds());
   }
@@ -355,7 +394,7 @@ void Duration::CopyFrom(const Duration& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Duration)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Duration::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -365,6 +404,18 @@ bool Duration::IsInitialized() const {
 
 void Duration::Swap(Duration* other) {
   if (other == this) return;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  } else {
+    Duration temp;
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
+    CopyFrom(*other);
+    other->CopyFrom(temp);
+  }
+}
+void Duration::UnsafeArenaSwap(Duration* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
   InternalSwap(other);
 }
 void Duration::InternalSwap(Duration* other) {
@@ -389,11 +440,11 @@ void Duration::InternalSwap(Duration* other) {
 void Duration::clear_seconds() {
   seconds_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int64 Duration::seconds() const {
+::google::protobuf::int64 Duration::seconds() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Duration.seconds)
   return seconds_;
 }
- void Duration::set_seconds(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
+void Duration::set_seconds(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
   
   seconds_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Duration.seconds)
@@ -403,11 +454,11 @@ void Duration::clear_seconds() {
 void Duration::clear_nanos() {
   nanos_ = 0;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 Duration::nanos() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 Duration::nanos() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Duration.nanos)
   return nanos_;
 }
- void Duration::set_nanos(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void Duration::set_nanos(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   
   nanos_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Duration.nanos)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.h
index 44307347..fe135b1e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/duration.pb.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ namespace protobuf {
 
 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
 void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
 
@@ -53,9 +54,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@prot
     return *this;
   }
 
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArena() const { return GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Duration& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Duration* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Duration* other);
   void Swap(Duration* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -70,7 +80,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@prot
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -86,6 +96,12 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@prot
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Duration* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Duration& from);
+  protected:
+  explicit Duration(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -117,16 +133,19 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Duration : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@prot
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
   ::google::protobuf::int64 seconds_;
   ::google::protobuf::int32 nanos_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fduration_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Duration* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Duration> default_instance_;
 };
 // ===================================================================
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/duration.proto b/src/google/protobuf/duration.proto
index 96c1796d..7f461f40 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/duration.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/duration.proto
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ syntax = "proto3";
 package google.protobuf;
 
 option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
 option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/duration";
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "DurationProto";
 option java_multiple_files = true;
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
 
 // A Duration represents a signed, fixed-length span of time represented
@@ -81,6 +81,12 @@ option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
 //       end.nanos -= 1000000000;
 //     }
 //
+// Example 3: Compute Duration from datetime.timedelta in Python.
+//
+//     td = datetime.timedelta(days=3, minutes=10)
+//     duration = Duration()
+//     duration.FromTimedelta(td)
+//
 //
 message Duration {
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.cc b/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.cc
index 5d914bf6..f51bc9d6 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.cc
@@ -223,7 +223,6 @@ class DynamicMessage : public Message {
     int oneof_case_offset;
     int unknown_fields_offset;
     int extensions_offset;
-    int is_default_instance_offset;
 
     // Not owned by the TypeInfo.
     DynamicMessageFactory* factory;  // The factory that created this object.
@@ -332,11 +331,6 @@ void DynamicMessage::SharedCtor() {
         uint32(0);
   }
 
-  if (type_info_->is_default_instance_offset != -1) {
-    *reinterpret_cast<bool*>(
-        OffsetToPointer(type_info_->is_default_instance_offset)) = false;
-  }
-
   new(OffsetToPointer(type_info_->unknown_fields_offset)) UnknownFieldSet;
 
   if (type_info_->extensions_offset != -1) {
@@ -556,14 +550,6 @@ void DynamicMessage::CrossLinkPrototypes() {
         factory->GetPrototypeNoLock(field->message_type());
     }
   }
-
-  // Set as the default instance -- this affects field-presence semantics for
-  // proto3.
-  if (type_info_->is_default_instance_offset != -1) {
-    void* is_default_instance_ptr =
-        OffsetToPointer(type_info_->is_default_instance_offset);
-    *reinterpret_cast<bool*>(is_default_instance_ptr) = true;
-  }
 }
 
 Message* DynamicMessage::New() const {
@@ -683,15 +669,6 @@ const Message* DynamicMessageFactory::GetPrototypeNoLock(
     size = AlignOffset(size);
   }
 
-  // The is_default_instance member, if any.
-  if (type->file()->syntax() == FileDescriptor::SYNTAX_PROTO3) {
-    type_info->is_default_instance_offset = size;
-    size += sizeof(bool);
-    size = AlignOffset(size);
-  } else {
-    type_info->is_default_instance_offset = -1;
-  }
-
   // The oneof_case, if any. It is an array of uint32s.
   if (type->oneof_decl_count() > 0) {
     type_info->oneof_case_offset = size;
@@ -769,35 +746,18 @@ const Message* DynamicMessageFactory::GetPrototypeNoLock(
     ConstructDefaultOneofInstance(type_info->type,
                                   type_info->offsets.get(),
                                   type_info->default_oneof_instance);
-    type_info->reflection.reset(
-        new GeneratedMessageReflection(
-            type_info->type,
-            type_info->prototype,
-            type_info->offsets.get(),
-            type_info->has_bits_offset,
-            type_info->unknown_fields_offset,
-            type_info->extensions_offset,
-            type_info->default_oneof_instance,
-            type_info->oneof_case_offset,
-            type_info->pool,
-            this,
-            type_info->size,
-            -1 /* arena_offset */,
-            type_info->is_default_instance_offset));
+    type_info->reflection.reset(new GeneratedMessageReflection(
+        type_info->type, type_info->prototype, type_info->offsets.get(),
+        type_info->has_bits_offset, type_info->unknown_fields_offset,
+        type_info->extensions_offset, type_info->default_oneof_instance,
+        type_info->oneof_case_offset, type_info->pool, this, type_info->size,
+        -1 /* arena_offset */));
   } else {
-    type_info->reflection.reset(
-        new GeneratedMessageReflection(
-            type_info->type,
-            type_info->prototype,
-            type_info->offsets.get(),
-            type_info->has_bits_offset,
-            type_info->unknown_fields_offset,
-            type_info->extensions_offset,
-            type_info->pool,
-            this,
-            type_info->size,
-            -1 /* arena_offset */,
-            type_info->is_default_instance_offset));
+    type_info->reflection.reset(new GeneratedMessageReflection(
+        type_info->type, type_info->prototype, type_info->offsets.get(),
+        type_info->has_bits_offset, type_info->unknown_fields_offset,
+        type_info->extensions_offset, type_info->pool, this, type_info->size,
+        -1 /* arena_offset */));
   }
   // Cross link prototypes.
   prototype->CrossLinkPrototypes();
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc
index 7ef97790..45bba99b 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.cc
@@ -42,20 +42,19 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto() {
   Empty_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Empty_descriptor_,
-      Empty::default_instance_,
+      Empty::internal_default_instance(),
       Empty_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Empty),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Empty, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Empty, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Empty, _internal_metadata_));
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
-inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto);
 }
@@ -64,36 +63,47 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Empty_descriptor_, &Empty::default_instance());
+      Empty_descriptor_, Empty::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto() {
-  delete Empty::default_instance_;
   delete Empty_reflection_;
 }
 
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto() {
-  static bool already_here = false;
-  if (already_here) return;
-  already_here = true;
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_impl() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  Empty::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  Empty::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_impl);
+}
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_impl() {
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
     "\n\033google/protobuf/empty.proto\022\017google.pr"
-    "otobuf\"\007\n\005EmptyBy\n\023com.google.protobufB\n"
+    "otobuf\"\007\n\005EmptyBv\n\023com.google.protobufB\n"
     "EmptyProtoP\001Z\'github.com/golang/protobuf"
-    "/ptypes/empty\240\001\001\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Proto"
-    "buf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 186);
+    "/ptypes/empty\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf"
+    ".WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 183);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/empty.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
-  Empty::default_instance_ = new Empty();
-  Empty::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto);
 }
 
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_impl);
+}
 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto {
   StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto() {
@@ -101,6 +111,16 @@ struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto {
   }
 } static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_;
 
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
@@ -108,32 +128,33 @@ struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto {
 
 Empty::Empty()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Empty)
 }
-
 Empty::Empty(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
   _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
   SharedCtor();
   RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Empty)
 }
 
 void Empty::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 Empty::Empty(const Empty& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Empty)
 }
 
 void Empty::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
   _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
@@ -143,12 +164,11 @@ Empty::~Empty() {
 }
 
 void Empty::SharedDtor() {
-  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void Empty::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
@@ -168,11 +188,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Empty::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Empty& Empty::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Empty* Empty::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Empty> Empty::default_instance_;
 
 Empty* Empty::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<Empty>(arena);
@@ -222,22 +242,21 @@ void Empty::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Empty::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Empty::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Empty::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Empty* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Empty* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Empty>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -245,17 +264,23 @@ void Empty::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Empty)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Empty::MergeFrom(const Empty& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
 }
 
+void Empty::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Empty& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
+}
+
 void Empty::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
   if (&from == this) return;
@@ -267,7 +292,7 @@ void Empty::CopyFrom(const Empty& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Empty)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Empty::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -281,7 +306,7 @@ void Empty::Swap(Empty* other) {
     InternalSwap(other);
   } else {
     Empty temp;
-    temp.MergeFrom(*this);
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
     CopyFrom(*other);
     other->CopyFrom(temp);
   }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.h
index a4059fac..37b0c144 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/empty.pb.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ namespace protobuf {
 
 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
 void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
 
@@ -60,6 +61,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Empty : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Empty& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Empty* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void UnsafeArenaSwap(Empty* other);
   void Swap(Empty* other);
 
@@ -75,7 +80,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Empty : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -91,6 +96,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Empty : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Empty* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Empty& from);
   protected:
   explicit Empty(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
@@ -118,14 +124,14 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Empty : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
   typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
   typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fempty_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Empty* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Empty> default_instance_;
 };
 // ===================================================================
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/empty.proto b/src/google/protobuf/empty.proto
index 37f4cd10..03cacd23 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/empty.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/empty.proto
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/empty";
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "EmptyProto";
 option java_multiple_files = true;
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
 option cc_enable_arenas = true;
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc
index 7d20a0f8..ad164e3e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc
@@ -1354,8 +1354,8 @@ void ExtensionSet::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   }
 }
 
-int ExtensionSet::ByteSize() const {
-  int total_size = 0;
+size_t ExtensionSet::ByteSize() const {
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   for (ExtensionMap::const_iterator iter = extensions_.begin();
        iter != extensions_.end(); ++iter) {
@@ -1536,8 +1536,8 @@ void ExtensionSet::Extension::SerializeFieldWithCachedSizes(
   }
 }
 
-int ExtensionSet::Extension::ByteSize(int number) const {
-  int result = 0;
+size_t ExtensionSet::Extension::ByteSize(int number) const {
+  size_t result = 0;
 
   if (is_repeated) {
     if (is_packed) {
@@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ int ExtensionSet::Extension::ByteSize(int number) const {
 #define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, LOWERCASE)                        \
         case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                              \
           result += WireFormatLite::k##CAMELCASE##Size *                    \
-                    repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size();                   \
+                    FromIntSize(repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size());      \
           break
         HANDLE_TYPE( FIXED32,  Fixed32, uint32);
         HANDLE_TYPE( FIXED64,  Fixed64, uint64);
@@ -1582,7 +1582,7 @@ int ExtensionSet::Extension::ByteSize(int number) const {
           break;
       }
 
-      cached_size = result;
+      cached_size = ToCachedSize(result);
       if (result > 0) {
         result += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(result);
         result += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(
@@ -1590,12 +1590,13 @@ int ExtensionSet::Extension::ByteSize(int number) const {
                 WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED));
       }
     } else {
-      int tag_size = WireFormatLite::TagSize(number, real_type(type));
+      size_t tag_size = WireFormatLite::TagSize(number, real_type(type));
 
       switch (real_type(type)) {
 #define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, LOWERCASE)                        \
         case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                              \
-          result += tag_size * repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size();        \
+          result += tag_size *                                              \
+                    FromIntSize(repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size());      \
           for (int i = 0; i < repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size(); i++) {  \
             result += WireFormatLite::CAMELCASE##Size(                      \
               repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->Get(i));                        \
@@ -1619,7 +1620,7 @@ int ExtensionSet::Extension::ByteSize(int number) const {
 #define HANDLE_TYPE(UPPERCASE, CAMELCASE, LOWERCASE)                        \
         case WireFormatLite::TYPE_##UPPERCASE:                              \
           result += (tag_size + WireFormatLite::k##CAMELCASE##Size) *       \
-                    repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size();                   \
+                    FromIntSize(repeated_##LOWERCASE##_value->size());      \
           break
         HANDLE_TYPE( FIXED32,  Fixed32, uint32);
         HANDLE_TYPE( FIXED64,  Fixed64, uint64);
@@ -1652,7 +1653,7 @@ int ExtensionSet::Extension::ByteSize(int number) const {
 #undef HANDLE_TYPE
       case WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE: {
         if (is_lazy) {
-          int size = lazymessage_value->ByteSize();
+          size_t size = lazymessage_value->ByteSize();
           result += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(size) + size;
         } else {
           result += WireFormatLite::MessageSize(*message_value);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.h b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.h
index 3e1d1ef5..f5aa8de9 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.h
@@ -423,10 +423,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ExtensionSet {
   uint8* SerializeMessageSetWithCachedSizesToArray(uint8* target) const;
 
   // Returns the total serialized size of all the extensions.
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSize() const;
 
   // Like ByteSize() but uses MessageSet format.
-  int MessageSetByteSize() const;
+  size_t MessageSetByteSize() const;
 
   // Returns (an estimate of) the total number of bytes used for storing the
   // extensions in memory, excluding sizeof(*this).  If the ExtensionSet is
@@ -551,8 +551,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ExtensionSet {
         int number,
         bool deterministic,
         uint8* target) const;
-    int ByteSize(int number) const;
-    int MessageSetItemByteSize(int number) const;
+    size_t ByteSize(int number) const;
+    size_t MessageSetItemByteSize(int number) const;
     void Clear();
     int GetSize() const;
     void Free();
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc
index b26a246c..1bbc8fef 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ void ExtensionSet::Extension::SerializeMessageSetItemWithCachedSizes(
   output->WriteTag(WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemEndTag);
 }
 
-int ExtensionSet::Extension::MessageSetItemByteSize(int number) const {
+size_t ExtensionSet::Extension::MessageSetItemByteSize(int number) const {
   if (type != WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE || is_repeated) {
     // Not a valid MessageSet extension, but compute the byte size for it the
     // normal way.
@@ -758,13 +758,13 @@ int ExtensionSet::Extension::MessageSetItemByteSize(int number) const {
 
   if (is_cleared) return 0;
 
-  int our_size = WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemTagsSize;
+  size_t our_size = WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemTagsSize;
 
   // type_id
   our_size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(number);
 
   // message
-  int message_size = 0;
+  size_t message_size = 0;
   if (is_lazy) {
     message_size = lazymessage_value->ByteSize();
   } else {
@@ -785,8 +785,8 @@ void ExtensionSet::SerializeMessageSetWithCachedSizes(
   }
 }
 
-int ExtensionSet::MessageSetByteSize() const {
-  int total_size = 0;
+size_t ExtensionSet::MessageSetByteSize() const {
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   for (ExtensionMap::const_iterator iter = extensions_.begin();
        iter != extensions_.end(); ++iter) {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_unittest.cc
index 688afedb..a70a2ff6 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_unittest.cc
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ TEST(ExtensionSetTest, SpaceUsedExcludingSelf) {
     }                                                                          \
     int expected_size = sizeof(cpptype) * (16 -                                \
         kMinRepeatedFieldAllocationSize) + empty_repeated_field_size;          \
-    EXPECT_EQ(expected_size, message.SpaceUsed()) << #type;                    \
+    EXPECT_LE(expected_size, message.SpaceUsed()) << #type;                    \
   } while (0)
 
   TEST_REPEATED_EXTENSIONS_SPACE_USED(int32   , int32 , 101);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc
index d2acc38b..ffe513d3 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.cc
@@ -43,20 +43,19 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto() {
   FieldMask_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       FieldMask_descriptor_,
-      FieldMask::default_instance_,
+      FieldMask::internal_default_instance(),
       FieldMask_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(FieldMask),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldMask, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldMask, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FieldMask, _internal_metadata_));
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
-inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto);
 }
@@ -65,36 +64,48 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      FieldMask_descriptor_, &FieldMask::default_instance());
+      FieldMask_descriptor_, FieldMask::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto() {
-  delete FieldMask::default_instance_;
   delete FieldMask_reflection_;
 }
 
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto() {
-  static bool already_here = false;
-  if (already_here) return;
-  already_here = true;
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_impl() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  FieldMask::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  FieldMask::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_impl);
+}
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_impl() {
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
     "\n google/protobuf/field_mask.proto\022\017goog"
     "le.protobuf\"\032\n\tFieldMask\022\r\n\005paths\030\001 \003(\tB"
-    "Q\n\023com.google.protobufB\016FieldMaskProtoP\001"
-    "\240\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTyp"
-    "esb\006proto3", 170);
+    "N\n\023com.google.protobufB\016FieldMaskProtoP\001"
+    "\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb"
+    "\006proto3", 167);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/field_mask.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
-  FieldMask::default_instance_ = new FieldMask();
-  FieldMask::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto);
 }
 
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_impl);
+}
 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto {
   StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto() {
@@ -102,6 +113,16 @@ struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto {
   }
 } static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_;
 
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
@@ -110,25 +131,23 @@ const int FieldMask::kPathsFieldNumber;
 
 FieldMask::FieldMask()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
 }
 
 void FieldMask::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 FieldMask::FieldMask(const FieldMask& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
 }
 
 void FieldMask::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
   _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
@@ -138,8 +157,6 @@ FieldMask::~FieldMask() {
 }
 
 void FieldMask::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void FieldMask::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -153,11 +170,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FieldMask::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const FieldMask& FieldMask::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-FieldMask* FieldMask::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FieldMask> FieldMask::default_instance_;
 
 FieldMask* FieldMask::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   FieldMask* n = new FieldMask;
@@ -256,29 +273,29 @@ void FieldMask::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int FieldMask::ByteSize() const {
+size_t FieldMask::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // repeated string paths = 1;
-  total_size += 1 * this->paths_size();
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::FromIntSize(this->paths_size());
   for (int i = 0; i < this->paths_size(); i++) {
     total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
       this->paths(i));
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void FieldMask::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const FieldMask* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const FieldMask* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FieldMask>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -286,16 +303,22 @@ void FieldMask::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void FieldMask::MergeFrom(const FieldMask& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
-  paths_.MergeFrom(from.paths_);
+}
+
+void FieldMask::UnsafeMergeFrom(const FieldMask& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
+  paths_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.paths_);
 }
 
 void FieldMask::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
@@ -309,7 +332,7 @@ void FieldMask::CopyFrom(const FieldMask& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FieldMask)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool FieldMask::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -345,49 +368,49 @@ int FieldMask::paths_size() const {
 void FieldMask::clear_paths() {
   paths_.Clear();
 }
- const ::std::string& FieldMask::paths(int index) const {
+const ::std::string& FieldMask::paths(int index) const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
   return paths_.Get(index);
 }
- ::std::string* FieldMask::mutable_paths(int index) {
+::std::string* FieldMask::mutable_paths(int index) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
   return paths_.Mutable(index);
 }
- void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
   paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
 }
- void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const char* value) {
+void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const char* value) {
   paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
 }
- void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FieldMask::set_paths(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
   paths_.Mutable(index)->assign(
     reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
 }
- ::std::string* FieldMask::add_paths() {
+::std::string* FieldMask::add_paths() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
   return paths_.Add();
 }
- void FieldMask::add_paths(const ::std::string& value) {
+void FieldMask::add_paths(const ::std::string& value) {
   paths_.Add()->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
 }
- void FieldMask::add_paths(const char* value) {
+void FieldMask::add_paths(const char* value) {
   paths_.Add()->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
 }
- void FieldMask::add_paths(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void FieldMask::add_paths(const char* value, size_t size) {
   paths_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
 }
- const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
 FieldMask::paths() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
   return paths_;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
 FieldMask::mutable_paths() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.FieldMask.paths)
   return &paths_;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h
index 460e1338..dd83fca5 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.pb.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ namespace protobuf {
 
 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
 void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
 
@@ -56,6 +57,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldMask : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const FieldMask& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const FieldMask* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(FieldMask* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldMask : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -86,6 +91,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldMask : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(FieldMask* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const FieldMask& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -121,15 +127,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldMask : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> paths_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ffield_5fmask_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static FieldMask* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FieldMask> default_instance_;
 };
 // ===================================================================
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto b/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
index c51de09a..b6d32a79 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/field_mask.proto
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "FieldMaskProto";
 option java_multiple_files = true;
 option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 
 // `FieldMask` represents a set of symbolic field paths, for example:
 //
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 //     }
 //
 // A repeated field is not allowed except at the last position of a
-// field mask.
+// paths string.
 //
 // If a FieldMask object is not present in a get operation, the
 // operation applies to all fields (as if a FieldMask of all fields
@@ -109,8 +108,8 @@ option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 //
 // If a repeated field is specified for an update operation, the existing
 // repeated values in the target resource will be overwritten by the new values.
-// Note that a repeated field is only allowed in the last position of a field
-// mask.
+// Note that a repeated field is only allowed in the last position of a `paths`
+// string.
 //
 // If a sub-message is specified in the last position of the field mask for an
 // update operation, then the existing sub-message in the target resource is
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc
index d1f7b5ca..6f418433 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc
@@ -173,62 +173,43 @@ static void ReportReflectionUsageEnumTypeError(
 // ===================================================================
 
 GeneratedMessageReflection::GeneratedMessageReflection(
-    const Descriptor* descriptor,
-    const Message* default_instance,
-    const int offsets[],
-    int has_bits_offset,
-    int unknown_fields_offset,
-    int extensions_offset,
-    const DescriptorPool* descriptor_pool,
-    MessageFactory* factory,
-    int object_size,
-    int arena_offset,
-    int is_default_instance_offset)
-  : descriptor_       (descriptor),
-    default_instance_ (default_instance),
-    offsets_          (offsets),
-    has_bits_offset_  (has_bits_offset),
-    unknown_fields_offset_(unknown_fields_offset),
-    extensions_offset_(extensions_offset),
-    arena_offset_     (arena_offset),
-    is_default_instance_offset_(is_default_instance_offset),
-    object_size_      (object_size),
-    descriptor_pool_  ((descriptor_pool == NULL) ?
-                         DescriptorPool::generated_pool() :
-                         descriptor_pool),
-    message_factory_  (factory) {
-}
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, const Message* default_instance,
+    const int offsets[], int has_bits_offset, int unknown_fields_offset,
+    int extensions_offset, const DescriptorPool* descriptor_pool,
+    MessageFactory* factory, int object_size, int arena_offset)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      default_instance_(default_instance),
+      offsets_(offsets),
+      has_bits_offset_(has_bits_offset),
+      unknown_fields_offset_(unknown_fields_offset),
+      extensions_offset_(extensions_offset),
+      arena_offset_(arena_offset),
+      object_size_(object_size),
+      descriptor_pool_((descriptor_pool == NULL)
+                           ? DescriptorPool::generated_pool()
+                           : descriptor_pool),
+      message_factory_(factory) {}
 
 GeneratedMessageReflection::GeneratedMessageReflection(
-    const Descriptor* descriptor,
-    const Message* default_instance,
-    const int offsets[],
-    int has_bits_offset,
-    int unknown_fields_offset,
-    int extensions_offset,
-    const void* default_oneof_instance,
-    int oneof_case_offset,
-    const DescriptorPool* descriptor_pool,
-    MessageFactory* factory,
-    int object_size,
-    int arena_offset,
-    int is_default_instance_offset)
-  : descriptor_       (descriptor),
-    default_instance_ (default_instance),
-    default_oneof_instance_ (default_oneof_instance),
-    offsets_          (offsets),
-    has_bits_offset_  (has_bits_offset),
-    oneof_case_offset_(oneof_case_offset),
-    unknown_fields_offset_(unknown_fields_offset),
-    extensions_offset_(extensions_offset),
-    arena_offset_     (arena_offset),
-    is_default_instance_offset_(is_default_instance_offset),
-    object_size_      (object_size),
-    descriptor_pool_  ((descriptor_pool == NULL) ?
-                         DescriptorPool::generated_pool() :
-                         descriptor_pool),
-    message_factory_  (factory) {
-}
+    const Descriptor* descriptor, const Message* default_instance,
+    const int offsets[], int has_bits_offset, int unknown_fields_offset,
+    int extensions_offset, const void* default_oneof_instance,
+    int oneof_case_offset, const DescriptorPool* descriptor_pool,
+    MessageFactory* factory, int object_size, int arena_offset)
+    : descriptor_(descriptor),
+      default_instance_(default_instance),
+      default_oneof_instance_(default_oneof_instance),
+      offsets_(offsets),
+      has_bits_offset_(has_bits_offset),
+      oneof_case_offset_(oneof_case_offset),
+      unknown_fields_offset_(unknown_fields_offset),
+      extensions_offset_(extensions_offset),
+      arena_offset_(arena_offset),
+      object_size_(object_size),
+      descriptor_pool_((descriptor_pool == NULL)
+                           ? DescriptorPool::generated_pool()
+                           : descriptor_pool),
+      message_factory_(factory) {}
 
 GeneratedMessageReflection::~GeneratedMessageReflection() {}
 
@@ -1026,6 +1007,11 @@ struct FieldNumberSorter {
     return left->number() < right->number();
   }
 };
+
+inline bool IsIndexInHasBitSet(const uint32* has_bit_set, uint32 index) {
+  return ((has_bit_set[index / 32] >> (index % 32)) & static_cast<uint32>(1))
+      != 0;
+}
 }  // namespace
 
 void GeneratedMessageReflection::ListFields(
@@ -1036,6 +1022,12 @@ void GeneratedMessageReflection::ListFields(
   // Optimization:  The default instance never has any fields set.
   if (&message == default_instance_) return;
 
+  // Optimization: Avoid calling GetHasBits() and HasOneofField() many times
+  // within the field loop.
+  const uint32* const has_bits = GetHasBits(message);
+  const uint32* const oneof_case_array = reinterpret_cast<const uint32*>(
+      reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(&message) + oneof_case_offset_);
+
   output->reserve(descriptor_->field_count());
   for (int i = 0; i < descriptor_->field_count(); i++) {
     const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor_->field(i);
@@ -1044,11 +1036,18 @@ void GeneratedMessageReflection::ListFields(
         output->push_back(field);
       }
     } else {
-      if (field->containing_oneof()) {
-        if (HasOneofField(message, field)) {
+      const OneofDescriptor* containing_oneof = field->containing_oneof();
+      if (containing_oneof) {
+        // Equivalent to: HasOneofField(message, field)
+        if (oneof_case_array[containing_oneof->index()] == field->number()) {
           output->push_back(field);
         }
-      } else if (HasBit(message, field)) {
+      } else if (has_bits) {
+        // Equivalent to: HasBit(message, field)
+        if (IsIndexInHasBitSet(has_bits, i)) {
+          output->push_back(field);
+        }
+      } else if (HasBit(message, field)) {  // Fall back on proto3-style HasBit.
         output->push_back(field);
       }
     }
@@ -2001,12 +2000,7 @@ GeneratedMessageReflection::MutableInternalMetadataWithArena(
 inline bool
 GeneratedMessageReflection::GetIsDefaultInstance(
     const Message& message) const {
-  if (is_default_instance_offset_ == kHasNoDefaultInstanceField) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  const void* ptr = reinterpret_cast<const uint8*>(&message) +
-      is_default_instance_offset_;
-  return *reinterpret_cast<const bool*>(ptr);
+  return &message == default_instance_;
 }
 
 // Simple accessors for manipulating has_bits_.
@@ -2063,8 +2057,7 @@ inline bool GeneratedMessageReflection::HasBit(
       }
     }
   }
-  return GetHasBits(message)[field->index() / 32] &
-    (1 << (field->index() % 32));
+  return IsIndexInHasBitSet(GetHasBits(message), field->index());
 }
 
 inline void GeneratedMessageReflection::SetBit(
@@ -2072,7 +2065,9 @@ inline void GeneratedMessageReflection::SetBit(
   if (has_bits_offset_ == -1) {
     return;
   }
-  MutableHasBits(message)[field->index() / 32] |= (1 << (field->index() % 32));
+  const uint32 index = static_cast<uint32>(field->index());
+  MutableHasBits(message)[index / 32] |=
+      (static_cast<uint32>(1) << (index % 32));
 }
 
 inline void GeneratedMessageReflection::ClearBit(
@@ -2080,7 +2075,9 @@ inline void GeneratedMessageReflection::ClearBit(
   if (has_bits_offset_ == -1) {
     return;
   }
-  MutableHasBits(message)[field->index() / 32] &= ~(1 << (field->index() % 32));
+  const uint32 index = static_cast<uint32>(field->index());
+  MutableHasBits(message)[index / 32] &=
+      ~(static_cast<uint32>(1) << (index % 32));
 }
 
 inline void GeneratedMessageReflection::SwapBit(
@@ -2275,19 +2272,11 @@ GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
     int object_size,
     int arena_offset,
     int is_default_instance_offset) {
-  return new GeneratedMessageReflection(descriptor,
-                                        default_instance,
-                                        offsets,
-                                        has_bits_offset,
-                                        unknown_fields_offset,
-                                        extensions_offset,
-                                        default_oneof_instance,
-                                        oneof_case_offset,
-                                        DescriptorPool::generated_pool(),
-                                        MessageFactory::generated_factory(),
-                                        object_size,
-                                        arena_offset,
-                                        is_default_instance_offset);
+  return new GeneratedMessageReflection(
+      descriptor, default_instance, offsets, has_bits_offset,
+      unknown_fields_offset, extensions_offset, default_oneof_instance,
+      oneof_case_offset, DescriptorPool::generated_pool(),
+      MessageFactory::generated_factory(), object_size, arena_offset);
 }
 
 GeneratedMessageReflection*
@@ -2301,17 +2290,11 @@ GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
     int object_size,
     int arena_offset,
     int is_default_instance_offset) {
-  return new GeneratedMessageReflection(descriptor,
-                                        default_instance,
-                                        offsets,
-                                        has_bits_offset,
-                                        unknown_fields_offset,
-                                        extensions_offset,
-                                        DescriptorPool::generated_pool(),
-                                        MessageFactory::generated_factory(),
-                                        object_size,
-                                        arena_offset,
-                                        is_default_instance_offset);
+  return new GeneratedMessageReflection(
+      descriptor, default_instance, offsets, has_bits_offset,
+      unknown_fields_offset, extensions_offset,
+      DescriptorPool::generated_pool(), MessageFactory::generated_factory(),
+      object_size, arena_offset);
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h
index 15fc802c..1413b110 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h
@@ -132,15 +132,11 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedMessageReflection : public Reflection {
   //                  by sizeof().
   GeneratedMessageReflection(const Descriptor* descriptor,
                              const Message* default_instance,
-                             const int offsets[],
-                             int has_bits_offset,
-                             int unknown_fields_offset,
-                             int extensions_offset,
+                             const int offsets[], int has_bits_offset,
+                             int unknown_fields_offset, int extensions_offset,
                              const DescriptorPool* pool,
-                             MessageFactory* factory,
-                             int object_size,
-                             int arena_offset,
-                             int is_default_instance_offset = -1);
+                             MessageFactory* factory, int object_size,
+                             int arena_offset);
 
   // Similar with the construction above. Call this construction if the
   // message has oneof definition.
@@ -168,17 +164,12 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedMessageReflection : public Reflection {
   //   other parameters are the same with the construction above.
   GeneratedMessageReflection(const Descriptor* descriptor,
                              const Message* default_instance,
-                             const int offsets[],
-                             int has_bits_offset,
-                             int unknown_fields_offset,
-                             int extensions_offset,
+                             const int offsets[], int has_bits_offset,
+                             int unknown_fields_offset, int extensions_offset,
                              const void* default_oneof_instance,
-                             int oneof_case_offset,
-                             const DescriptorPool* pool,
-                             MessageFactory* factory,
-                             int object_size,
-                             int arena_offset,
-                             int is_default_instance_offset = -1);
+                             int oneof_case_offset, const DescriptorPool* pool,
+                             MessageFactory* factory, int object_size,
+                             int arena_offset);
   ~GeneratedMessageReflection();
 
   // Shorter-to-call helpers for the above two constructions that work if the
@@ -226,11 +217,11 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedMessageReflection : public Reflection {
   Message* ReleaseLast(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
   void Swap(Message* message1, Message* message2) const;
   void SwapFields(Message* message1, Message* message2,
-                  const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields) const;
+                  const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields) const;
   void SwapElements(Message* message, const FieldDescriptor* field,
                     int index1, int index2) const;
   void ListFields(const Message& message,
-                  vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const;
+                  std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* output) const;
 
   int32  GetInt32 (const Message& message,
                    const FieldDescriptor* field) const;
@@ -448,11 +439,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT GeneratedMessageReflection : public Reflection {
   int unknown_fields_offset_;
   int extensions_offset_;
   int arena_offset_;
-  int is_default_instance_offset_;
   int object_size_;
 
-  static const int kHasNoDefaultInstanceField = -1;
-
   const DescriptorPool* descriptor_pool_;
   MessageFactory* message_factory_;
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc
index 7ad6d61c..73f55927 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc
@@ -48,15 +48,15 @@ double NaN() {
   return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
 }
 
-const ::std::string* empty_string_;
+ExplicitlyConstructed< ::std::string> fixed_address_empty_string;
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(empty_string_once_init_);
 
 void DeleteEmptyString() {
-  delete empty_string_;
+  GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited().~string();
 }
 
 void InitEmptyString() {
-  empty_string_ = new string;
+  fixed_address_empty_string.DefaultConstruct();
   OnShutdown(&DeleteEmptyString);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h
index 8967726e..871acca5 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/has_bits.h>
 
 namespace google {
 
@@ -70,22 +71,49 @@ namespace internal {
 LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT double Infinity();
 LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT double NaN();
 
+// This type is used to define a global variable, without it's constructor
+// and destructor run on start and end of the program lifetime. This circumvents
+// the initial construction order fiasco, while keeping the address of the
+// empty string a compile time constant.
+template <typename T>
+class ExplicitlyConstructed {
+ public:
+  void DefaultConstruct() {
+    new (&union_) T();
+    init_ = true;
+  }
+
+  bool IsInitialized() { return init_; }
+
+  const T& get() const { return reinterpret_cast<const T&>(union_); }
+  T* get_mutable() { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(&union_); }
+
+ private:
+  // Prefer c++14 aligned_storage, but for compatibility this will do.
+  union AlignedUnion {
+    char space[sizeof(T)];
+    int64 align_to_int64;
+    void* align_to_ptr;
+  } union_;
+  bool init_;  // false by linker
+};
+
 // TODO(jieluo): Change to template. We have tried to use template,
 // but it causes net/rpc/python:rpcutil_test fail (the empty string will
 // init twice). It may related to swig. Change to template after we
 // found the solution.
 
-// Default empty string object. Don't use the pointer directly. Instead, call
+// Default empty string object. Don't use this directly. Instead, call
 // GetEmptyString() to get the reference.
-LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT extern const ::std::string* empty_string_;
+extern ExplicitlyConstructed< ::std::string> fixed_address_empty_string;
 LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT extern ProtobufOnceType empty_string_once_init_;
 LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void InitEmptyString();
 
 
 LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT inline const ::std::string& GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited() {
-  assert(empty_string_ != NULL);
-  return *empty_string_;
+  return fixed_address_empty_string.get();
 }
+
 LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT inline const ::std::string& GetEmptyString() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&empty_string_once_init_, &InitEmptyString);
   return GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited();
@@ -106,20 +134,28 @@ template <class Type> bool AllAreInitialized(const Type& t) {
   return true;
 }
 
-class ArenaString;
-
-// Read a length (varint32), followed by a string, from *input.  Return a
-// pointer to a copy of the string that resides in *arena.  Requires both
-// args to be non-NULL.  If something goes wrong while reading the data
-// then NULL is returned (e.g., input does not start with a valid varint).
-LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ArenaString* ReadArenaString(
-    ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input,
-    ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
-
 // Helper function to crash on merge failure.
 // Moved out of generated code to reduce binary size.
 LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void MergeFromFail(const char* file, int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
 
+// We compute sizes as size_t but cache them as int.  This function converts a
+// computed size to a cached size.  Since we don't proceed with serialization if
+// the total size was > INT_MAX, it is not important what this function returns
+// for inputs > INT_MAX.
+inline int ToCachedSize(size_t size) {
+  return static_cast<int>(size);
+}
+
+// We mainly calculate sizes in terms of size_t, but some functions that compute
+// sizes return "int".  These int sizes are expected to always be positive.
+// This function is more efficient than casting an int to size_t directly on
+// 64-bit platforms because it avoids making the compiler emit a sign extending
+// instruction, which we don't want and don't want to pay for.
+inline size_t FromIntSize(int size) {
+  // Convert to unsigned before widening so sign extension is not necessary.
+  return static_cast<unsigned int>(size);
+}
+
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace protobuf
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/has_bits.h b/src/google/protobuf/has_bits.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..133bc02a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/has_bits.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_BITS_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_BITS_H__
+
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace internal {
+
+template<size_t doublewords>
+class HasBits {
+ public:
+  HasBits() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE { Clear(); }
+
+  void Clear() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    memset(has_bits_, 0, sizeof(has_bits_));
+  }
+
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32& operator[](int index) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    return has_bits_[index];
+  }
+
+  const ::google::protobuf::uint32& operator[](int index) const GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    return has_bits_[index];
+  }
+
+  bool operator==(const HasBits<doublewords>& rhs) const {
+    return memcmp(has_bits_, rhs.has_bits_, sizeof(has_bits_)) == 0;
+  }
+
+  bool operator!=(const HasBits<doublewords>& rhs) const {
+    return !(*this == rhs);
+  }
+ private:
+  ::google::protobuf::uint32 has_bits_[doublewords];
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_HAS_BITS_H__
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
index a5675e79..08394ca7 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/port.h>
 
 
 namespace google {
@@ -902,46 +903,18 @@ bool CodedOutputStream::Refresh() {
   }
 }
 
-int CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32Fallback(uint32 value) {
+size_t CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32Fallback(uint32 value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_NE(0, value);  // This is enforced by our caller.
+
+  return 1 + Bits::Log2FloorNonZero(value) / 7;
+}
+
+size_t CodedOutputStream::VarintSize64(uint64 value) {
   if (value < (1 << 7)) {
     return 1;
-  } else if (value < (1 << 14)) {
-    return 2;
-  } else if (value < (1 << 21)) {
-    return 3;
-  } else if (value < (1 << 28)) {
-    return 4;
-  } else {
-    return 5;
   }
-}
 
-int CodedOutputStream::VarintSize64(uint64 value) {
-  if (value < (1ull << 35)) {
-    if (value < (1ull << 7)) {
-      return 1;
-    } else if (value < (1ull << 14)) {
-      return 2;
-    } else if (value < (1ull << 21)) {
-      return 3;
-    } else if (value < (1ull << 28)) {
-      return 4;
-    } else {
-      return 5;
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (value < (1ull << 42)) {
-      return 6;
-    } else if (value < (1ull << 49)) {
-      return 7;
-    } else if (value < (1ull << 56)) {
-      return 8;
-    } else if (value < (1ull << 63)) {
-      return 9;
-    } else {
-      return 10;
-    }
-  }
+  return 1 + Bits::Log2FloorNonZero64(value) / 7;
 }
 
 uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteStringWithSizeToArray(const string& str,
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h
index 316da765..1402cc17 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h
@@ -784,17 +784,17 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedOutputStream {
                                                         uint8* target);
 
   // Returns the number of bytes needed to encode the given value as a varint.
-  static int VarintSize32(uint32 value);
+  static size_t VarintSize32(uint32 value);
   // Returns the number of bytes needed to encode the given value as a varint.
-  static int VarintSize64(uint64 value);
+  static size_t VarintSize64(uint64 value);
 
   // If negative, 10 bytes.  Otheriwse, same as VarintSize32().
-  static int VarintSize32SignExtended(int32 value);
+  static size_t VarintSize32SignExtended(int32 value);
 
   // Compile-time equivalent of VarintSize32().
   template <uint32 Value>
   struct StaticVarintSize32 {
-    static const int value =
+    static const size_t value =
         (Value < (1 << 7))
             ? 1
             : (Value < (1 << 14))
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CodedOutputStream {
   GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_ALWAYS_INLINE static uint8* WriteVarint64ToArrayInline(
       uint64 value, uint8* target);
 
-  static int VarintSize32Fallback(uint32 value);
+  static size_t VarintSize32Fallback(uint32 value);
 
   // See above.  Other projects may use "friend" to allow them to call this.
   static void SetDefaultSerializationDeterministic() {
@@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ inline uint8* CodedOutputStream::WriteTagToArray(
   return WriteVarint32ToArray(value, target);
 }
 
-inline int CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(uint32 value) {
+inline size_t CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(uint32 value) {
   if (value < (1 << 7)) {
     return 1;
   } else  {
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ inline int CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(uint32 value) {
   }
 }
 
-inline int CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32SignExtended(int32 value) {
+inline size_t CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32SignExtended(int32 value) {
   if (value < 0) {
     return 10;     // TODO(kenton):  Make this a symbolic constant.
   } else {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc
index a8108e45..9f1ebc3f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream_unittest.cc
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 #define ULL(x) GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(x)
 
 namespace google {
+
 namespace protobuf {
 namespace io {
 namespace {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h b/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h
index 0746fa6a..3365790e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT IstreamInputStream : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
   // If a block_size is given, it specifies the number of bytes that
   // should be read and returned with each call to Next().  Otherwise,
   // a reasonable default is used.
-  explicit IstreamInputStream(istream* stream, int block_size = -1);
+  explicit IstreamInputStream(std::istream* stream, int block_size = -1);
   ~IstreamInputStream();
 
   // implements ZeroCopyInputStream ----------------------------------
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT IstreamInputStream : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
  private:
   class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CopyingIstreamInputStream : public CopyingInputStream {
    public:
-    CopyingIstreamInputStream(istream* input);
+    CopyingIstreamInputStream(std::istream* input);
     ~CopyingIstreamInputStream();
 
     // implements CopyingInputStream ---------------------------------
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT IstreamInputStream : public ZeroCopyInputStream {
 
    private:
     // The stream.
-    istream* input_;
+    std::istream* input_;
 
     GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CopyingIstreamInputStream);
   };
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OstreamOutputStream : public ZeroCopyOutputStream {
   // If a block_size is given, it specifies the size of the buffers
   // that should be returned by Next().  Otherwise, a reasonable default
   // is used.
-  explicit OstreamOutputStream(ostream* stream, int block_size = -1);
+  explicit OstreamOutputStream(std::ostream* stream, int block_size = -1);
   ~OstreamOutputStream();
 
   // implements ZeroCopyOutputStream ---------------------------------
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OstreamOutputStream : public ZeroCopyOutputStream {
  private:
   class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT CopyingOstreamOutputStream : public CopyingOutputStream {
    public:
-    CopyingOstreamOutputStream(ostream* output);
+    CopyingOstreamOutputStream(std::ostream* output);
     ~CopyingOstreamOutputStream();
 
     // implements CopyingOutputStream --------------------------------
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT OstreamOutputStream : public ZeroCopyOutputStream {
 
    private:
     // The stream.
-    ostream* output_;
+    std::ostream* output_;
 
     GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CopyingOstreamOutputStream);
   };
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map.h b/src/google/protobuf/map.h
index bfc63b0f..2d295510 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map.h
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ class Map {
   void Init() {
     if (old_style_)
       deprecated_elements_ = Arena::Create<DeprecatedInnerMap>(
-          arena_, 0, hasher(), equal_to<Key>(),
+          arena_, 0, hasher(), std::equal_to<Key>(),
           MapAllocator<std::pair<const Key, MapPair<Key, T>*> >(arena_));
     else
       elements_ =
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ class Map {
       // If arena is not given, malloc needs to be called which doesn't
       // construct element object.
       if (arena_ == NULL) {
-        return reinterpret_cast<pointer>(malloc(n * sizeof(value_type)));
+        return static_cast<pointer>(::operator new(n * sizeof(value_type)));
       } else {
         return reinterpret_cast<pointer>(
             Arena::CreateArray<uint8>(arena_, n * sizeof(value_type)));
@@ -605,7 +605,11 @@ class Map {
 
     void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) {
       if (arena_ == NULL) {
-        free(p);
+#if defined(__GXX_DELETE_WITH_SIZE__) || defined(__cpp_sized_deallocation)
+        ::operator delete(p, n * sizeof(value_type));
+#else
+        ::operator delete(p);
+#endif
       }
     }
 
@@ -1351,7 +1355,7 @@ class Map {
     GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(InnerMap);
   };  // end of class InnerMap
 
-  typedef hash_map<Key, value_type*, hash<Key>, equal_to<Key>,
+  typedef hash_map<Key, value_type*, hash<Key>, std::equal_to<Key>,
                    MapAllocator<std::pair<const Key, MapPair<Key, T>*> > >
       DeprecatedInnerMap;
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_entry.h b/src/google/protobuf/map_entry.h
index e87eda64..abcd4529 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_entry.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_entry.h
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ class MapEntry : public MapEntryBase {
     return entry_lite_.MergePartialFromCodedStream(input);
   }
 
-  int ByteSize() const {
-    return entry_lite_.ByteSize();
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const {
+    return entry_lite_.ByteSizeLong();
   }
 
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h
index 4dedfd57..3fb58220 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_entry_lite.h
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class MapEntryLite : public MessageLite {
       kKeyFieldNumber, KeyTypeHandler::kWireType);
   static const uint8 kValueTag = GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_MAKE_TAG(
       kValueFieldNumber, ValueTypeHandler::kWireType);
-  static const int kTagSize = 1;
+  static const size_t kTagSize = 1;
 
  public:
   ~MapEntryLite() {
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ class MapEntryLite : public MessageLite {
     }
   }
 
-  int ByteSize() const {
-    int size = 0;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const {
+    size_t size = 0;
     size += has_key() ? kTagSize + KeyTypeHandler::ByteSize(key()) : 0;
     size += has_value() ? kTagSize + ValueTypeHandler::ByteSize(value()) : 0;
     return size;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h b/src/google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h
index 685a770f..a21c92d9 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/map_type_handler.h
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type> {
       MapWireFieldTypeTraits<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::kIsEnum;
 
   // Functions used in parsing and serialization. ===================
-  static inline int ByteSize(const MapEntryAccessorType& value);
+  static inline size_t ByteSize(const MapEntryAccessorType& value);
   static inline int GetCachedSize(const MapEntryAccessorType& value);
   static inline bool Read(io::CodedInputStream* input,
                           MapEntryAccessorType* value);
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ MAP_HANDLER(BOOL)
 #undef MAP_HANDLER
 
 template <typename Type>
-inline int
+inline size_t
 MapTypeHandler<WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE, Type>::ByteSize(
     const MapEntryAccessorType& value) {
   return WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(value);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/message.cc b/src/google/protobuf/message.cc
index f18077dd..c8de458c 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/message.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/message.cc
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/map_field.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
@@ -146,9 +146,9 @@ void Message::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes(*this, GetCachedSize(), output);
 }
 
-int Message::ByteSize() const {
-  int size = WireFormat::ByteSize(*this);
-  SetCachedSize(size);
+size_t Message::ByteSizeLong() const {
+  size_t size = WireFormat::ByteSize(*this);
+  SetCachedSize(internal::ToCachedSize(size));
   return size;
 }
 
@@ -299,8 +299,8 @@ class GeneratedMessageFactory : public MessageFactory {
   hash_map<const char*, RegistrationFunc*,
            hash<const char*>, streq> file_map_;
 
-  // Initialized lazily, so requires locking.
   Mutex mutex_;
+  // Initialized lazily, so requires locking.
   hash_map<const Descriptor*, const Message*> type_map_;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/message.h b/src/google/protobuf/message.h
index 9705e97e..bee25f77 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/message.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/message.h
@@ -271,10 +271,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Message : public MessageLite {
   bool ParsePartialFromFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor);
   // Parse a protocol buffer from a C++ istream.  If successful, the entire
   // input will be consumed.
-  bool ParseFromIstream(istream* input);
+  bool ParseFromIstream(std::istream* input);
   // Like ParseFromIstream(), but accepts messages that are missing
   // required fields.
-  bool ParsePartialFromIstream(istream* input);
+  bool ParsePartialFromIstream(std::istream* input);
 
   // Serialize the message and write it to the given file descriptor.  All
   // required fields must be set.
@@ -283,9 +283,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Message : public MessageLite {
   bool SerializePartialToFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) const;
   // Serialize the message and write it to the given C++ ostream.  All
   // required fields must be set.
-  bool SerializeToOstream(ostream* output) const;
+  bool SerializeToOstream(std::ostream* output) const;
   // Like SerializeToOstream(), but allows missing required fields.
-  bool SerializePartialToOstream(ostream* output) const;
+  bool SerializePartialToOstream(std::ostream* output) const;
 
 
   // Reflection-based methods ----------------------------------------
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Message : public MessageLite {
   virtual bool IsInitialized() const;
   virtual void CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(const MessageLite& other);
   virtual bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
-  virtual int ByteSize() const;
+  virtual size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   virtual void SerializeWithCachedSizes(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
 
  private:
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc
index ba56db95..9d6da264 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc
@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@
 //  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
 //  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
 
-#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
 #include <string>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/logging.h>
@@ -58,9 +59,9 @@ namespace {
 // protobuf implementation but is more likely caused by concurrent modification
 // of the message.  This function attempts to distinguish between the two and
 // provide a useful error message.
-void ByteSizeConsistencyError(int byte_size_before_serialization,
-                              int byte_size_after_serialization,
-                              int bytes_produced_by_serialization,
+void ByteSizeConsistencyError(size_t byte_size_before_serialization,
+                              size_t byte_size_after_serialization,
+                              size_t bytes_produced_by_serialization,
                               const MessageLite& message) {
   GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(byte_size_before_serialization, byte_size_after_serialization)
       << message.GetTypeName()
@@ -236,12 +237,15 @@ bool MessageLite::SerializeToCodedStream(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
   return SerializePartialToCodedStream(output);
 }
 
+size_t MessageLite::ByteSizeLong() const {
+  return internal::FromIntSize(ByteSize());
+}
+
 bool MessageLite::SerializePartialToCodedStream(
     io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
-  const int size = ByteSize();  // Force size to be cached.
-  if (size < 0) {
-    // Messages >2G cannot be serialized due to overflow computing ByteSize.
-    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Error computing ByteSize (possible overflow?).";
+  const size_t size = ByteSizeLong();  // Force size to be cached.
+  if (size > INT_MAX) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Exceeded maximum protobuf size of 2GB.";
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -249,7 +253,7 @@ bool MessageLite::SerializePartialToCodedStream(
   if (buffer != NULL) {
     uint8* end = SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(buffer);
     if (end - buffer != size) {
-      ByteSizeConsistencyError(size, ByteSize(), end - buffer, *this);
+      ByteSizeConsistencyError(size, ByteSizeLong(), end - buffer, *this);
     }
     return true;
   } else {
@@ -261,7 +265,7 @@ bool MessageLite::SerializePartialToCodedStream(
     int final_byte_count = output->ByteCount();
 
     if (final_byte_count - original_byte_count != size) {
-      ByteSizeConsistencyError(size, ByteSize(),
+      ByteSizeConsistencyError(size, ByteSizeLong(),
                                final_byte_count - original_byte_count, *this);
     }
 
@@ -287,11 +291,10 @@ bool MessageLite::AppendToString(string* output) const {
 }
 
 bool MessageLite::AppendPartialToString(string* output) const {
-  int old_size = output->size();
-  int byte_size = ByteSize();
-  if (byte_size < 0) {
-    // Messages >2G cannot be serialized due to overflow computing ByteSize.
-    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Error computing ByteSize (possible overflow?).";
+  size_t old_size = output->size();
+  size_t byte_size = ByteSizeLong();
+  if (byte_size > INT_MAX) {
+    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "Exceeded maximum protobuf size of 2GB.";
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -300,7 +303,7 @@ bool MessageLite::AppendPartialToString(string* output) const {
       reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(io::mutable_string_data(output) + old_size);
   uint8* end = SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
   if (end - start != byte_size) {
-    ByteSizeConsistencyError(byte_size, ByteSize(), end - start, *this);
+    ByteSizeConsistencyError(byte_size, ByteSizeLong(), end - start, *this);
   }
   return true;
 }
@@ -321,12 +324,12 @@ bool MessageLite::SerializeToArray(void* data, int size) const {
 }
 
 bool MessageLite::SerializePartialToArray(void* data, int size) const {
-  int byte_size = ByteSize();
+  int byte_size = ByteSizeLong();
   if (size < byte_size) return false;
   uint8* start = reinterpret_cast<uint8*>(data);
   uint8* end = SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(start);
   if (end - start != byte_size) {
-    ByteSizeConsistencyError(byte_size, ByteSize(), end - start, *this);
+    ByteSizeConsistencyError(byte_size, ByteSizeLong(), end - start, *this);
   }
   return true;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.h
index 2bdfe496..d3c3b1f0 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.h
@@ -239,12 +239,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageLite {
   bool AppendPartialToString(string* output) const;
 
   // Computes the serialized size of the message.  This recursively calls
-  // ByteSize() on all embedded messages.  If a subclass does not override
-  // this, it MUST override SetCachedSize().
+  // ByteSize() on all embedded messages.  Subclasses MUST override either
+  // ByteSize() or ByteSizeLong() (overriding both is fine).
   //
   // ByteSize() is generally linear in the number of fields defined for the
   // proto.
-  virtual int ByteSize() const = 0;
+  virtual int ByteSize() const { return ByteSizeLong(); }
+  virtual size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
 
   // Serializes the message without recomputing the size.  The message must
   // not have changed since the last call to ByteSize(); if it has, the results
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc
index d668a1a6..3af05808 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/message_unittest.cc
@@ -265,6 +265,24 @@ TEST(MessageTest, CheckOverflow) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(message.AppendToCord(&serialized));
 }
 
+TEST(MessageTest, CheckBigOverflow) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+  // Create a message with size just over 4GB. We should be able to detect this
+  // too, even though it will make a plain "int" wrap back to a positive number.
+  const string data(1024, 'x');
+  Cord one_megabyte;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
+    one_megabyte.Append(data);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4 * 1024 + 1; ++i) {
+    message.add_repeated_cord()->CopyFrom(one_megabyte);
+  }
+
+  Cord serialized;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.AppendToCord(&serialized));
+}
+
 #endif  // PROTOBUF_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 namespace {
@@ -272,6 +290,12 @@ namespace {
 class NegativeByteSize : public unittest::TestRequired {
  public:
   virtual int ByteSize() const { return -1; }
+
+  // The implementation of ByteSizeLong() from MessageLite, to simulate what
+  // would happen if TestRequired *hadn't* overridden it already.
+  virtual size_t ByteSizeLong() const {
+    return static_cast<unsigned int>(ByteSize());
+  }
 };
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -319,6 +343,18 @@ TEST(MessageTest, ParseFailsOnInvalidMessageEnd) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromArray("\014", 1));
 }
 
+// Regression test for b/23630858
+TEST(MessageTest, MessageIsStillValidAfterParseFails) {
+  unittest::TestAllTypes message;
+
+  // 9 0xFFs for the "optional_uint64" field.
+  string invalid_data = "\x20\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF";
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(message.ParseFromString(invalid_data));
+  message.Clear();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, message.optional_uint64());
+}
+
 namespace {
 
 void ExpectMessageMerged(const unittest::TestAllTypes& message) {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/metadata.h b/src/google/protobuf/metadata.h
index fdee150b..6e3eef63 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/metadata.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/metadata.h
@@ -152,10 +152,6 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT InternalMetadataWithArena {
   }
 };
 
-// Temporary compatibility typedef. Remove once this is released in components
-// and upb CL is submitted.
-typedef InternalMetadataWithArena InternalMetadata;
-
 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace protobuf
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/reflection.h b/src/google/protobuf/reflection.h
index 2391f453..d5a6653c 100755
--- a/src/google/protobuf/reflection.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/reflection.h
@@ -80,6 +80,12 @@ class RepeatedFieldRef<
 
   typedef IteratorType iterator;
   typedef IteratorType const_iterator;
+  typedef T value_type;
+  typedef T& reference;
+  typedef const T& const_reference;
+  typedef int size_type;
+  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+
   iterator begin() const {
     return iterator(data_, accessor_, true);
   }
@@ -202,11 +208,18 @@ class RepeatedFieldRef<
 
   typedef IteratorType iterator;
   typedef IteratorType const_iterator;
+  typedef T value_type;
+  typedef T& reference;
+  typedef const T& const_reference;
+  typedef int size_type;
+  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+
   iterator begin() const {
     return iterator(data_, accessor_, true, NewMessage());
   }
   iterator end() const {
-    return iterator(data_, accessor_, false, NewMessage());
+    // The end iterator must not be dereferenced, no need for scratch space.
+    return iterator(data_, accessor_, false, NULL);
   }
 
  private:
@@ -428,13 +441,13 @@ class RepeatedFieldRefIterator
  public:
   // Constructor for non-message fields.
   RepeatedFieldRefIterator(const void* data,
-                           const RepeatedFieldAccessor* accessor,
-                           bool begin)
-      : data_(data), accessor_(accessor),
-        iterator_(begin ? accessor->BeginIterator(data) :
-                          accessor->EndIterator(data)),
-        scratch_space_(new AccessorValueType) {
-  }
+                           const RepeatedFieldAccessor* accessor, bool begin)
+      : data_(data),
+        accessor_(accessor),
+        iterator_(begin ? accessor->BeginIterator(data)
+                        : accessor->EndIterator(data)),
+        // The end iterator must not be dereferenced, no need for scratch space.
+        scratch_space_(begin ? new AccessorValueType : NULL) {}
   // Constructor for message fields.
   RepeatedFieldRefIterator(const void* data,
                            const RepeatedFieldAccessor* accessor,
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h b/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h
index 4775911e..45d8c650 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ReflectionOps {
   // the front of each name.
   static void FindInitializationErrors(const Message& message,
                                        const string& prefix,
-                                       vector<string>* errors);
+                                       std::vector<string>* errors);
 
  private:
   // All methods are static.  No need to construct.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.cc b/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.cc
index 77004f59..5ca964c1 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.cc
@@ -58,14 +58,16 @@ void** RepeatedPtrFieldBase::InternalExtend(int extend_amount) {
            (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() - kRepHeaderSize) /
            sizeof(old_rep->elements[0]))
       << "Requested size is too large to fit into size_t.";
+  size_t bytes = kRepHeaderSize + sizeof(old_rep->elements[0]) * new_size;
   if (arena == NULL) {
-    rep_ = reinterpret_cast<Rep*>(
-        new char[kRepHeaderSize + sizeof(old_rep->elements[0]) * new_size]);
+    rep_ = reinterpret_cast<Rep*>(::operator new(bytes));
   } else {
     rep_ = reinterpret_cast<Rep*>(
-        ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateArray<char>(arena,
-            kRepHeaderSize + sizeof(old_rep->elements[0]) * new_size));
+        ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateArray<char>(arena, bytes));
   }
+#if defined(__GXX_DELETE_WITH_SIZE__) || defined(__cpp_sized_deallocation)
+  const int old_total_size = total_size_;
+#endif
   total_size_ = new_size;
   if (old_rep && old_rep->allocated_size > 0) {
     memcpy(rep_->elements, old_rep->elements,
@@ -75,7 +77,13 @@ void** RepeatedPtrFieldBase::InternalExtend(int extend_amount) {
     rep_->allocated_size = 0;
   }
   if (arena == NULL) {
-    delete [] reinterpret_cast<char*>(old_rep);
+#if defined(__GXX_DELETE_WITH_SIZE__) || defined(__cpp_sized_deallocation)
+    const size_t old_size =
+        old_total_size * sizeof(rep_->elements[0]) + kRepHeaderSize;
+    ::operator delete(static_cast<void*>(old_rep), old_size);
+#else
+    ::operator delete(static_cast<void*>(old_rep));
+#endif
   }
   return &rep_->elements[current_size_];
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h b/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h
index bc567555..0a41495f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h
@@ -120,6 +120,10 @@ class RepeatedField {
 
   const Element& Get(int index) const;
   Element* Mutable(int index);
+
+  const Element& operator[](int index) const { return Get(index); }
+  Element& operator[](int index) { return *Mutable(index); }
+
   void Set(int index, const Element& value);
   void Add(const Element& value);
   Element* Add();
@@ -134,6 +138,7 @@ class RepeatedField {
 
   void Clear();
   void MergeFrom(const RepeatedField& other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const RepeatedField& other);
   void CopyFrom(const RepeatedField& other);
 
   // Reserve space to expand the field to at least the given size.  If the
@@ -284,7 +289,12 @@ class RepeatedField {
         e->Element::~Element();
       }
       if (rep->arena == NULL) {
-        delete[] reinterpret_cast<char*>(rep);
+#if defined(__GXX_DELETE_WITH_SIZE__) || defined(__cpp_sized_deallocation)
+        const size_t bytes = size * sizeof(*e) + kRepHeaderSize;
+        ::operator delete(static_cast<void*>(rep), bytes);
+#else
+        ::operator delete(static_cast<void*>(rep));
+#endif
       }
     }
   }
@@ -742,6 +752,9 @@ class RepeatedPtrField : public internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase {
   Element* Mutable(int index);
   Element* Add();
 
+  const Element& operator[](int index) const { return Get(index); }
+  Element& operator[](int index) { return *Mutable(index); }
+
   // Remove the last element in the array.
   // Ownership of the element is retained by the array.
   void RemoveLast();
@@ -753,6 +766,7 @@ class RepeatedPtrField : public internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase {
 
   void Clear();
   void MergeFrom(const RepeatedPtrField& other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const RepeatedPtrField& other) { MergeFrom(other); }
   void CopyFrom(const RepeatedPtrField& other);
 
   // Reserve space to expand the field to at least the given size.  This only
@@ -1138,8 +1152,7 @@ inline void RepeatedField<Element>::Clear() {
 }
 
 template <typename Element>
-inline void RepeatedField<Element>::MergeFrom(const RepeatedField& other) {
-  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(&other, this);
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::UnsafeMergeFrom(const RepeatedField& other) {
   if (other.current_size_ != 0) {
     Reserve(current_size_ + other.current_size_);
     CopyArray(rep_->elements + current_size_,
@@ -1149,6 +1162,12 @@ inline void RepeatedField<Element>::MergeFrom(const RepeatedField& other) {
 }
 
 template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::MergeFrom(const RepeatedField& other) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(&other, this);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
 inline void RepeatedField<Element>::CopyFrom(const RepeatedField& other) {
   if (&other == this) return;
   Clear();
@@ -1265,13 +1284,12 @@ void RepeatedField<Element>::Reserve(int new_size) {
            (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() - kRepHeaderSize) /
            sizeof(Element))
       << "Requested size is too large to fit into size_t.";
+  size_t bytes = kRepHeaderSize + sizeof(Element) * new_size;
   if (arena == NULL) {
-    rep_ = reinterpret_cast<Rep*>(
-        new char[kRepHeaderSize + sizeof(Element) * new_size]);
+    rep_ = static_cast<Rep*>(::operator new(bytes));
   } else {
     rep_ = reinterpret_cast<Rep*>(
-            ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateArray<char>(arena,
-                kRepHeaderSize + sizeof(Element) * new_size));
+            ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateArray<char>(arena, bytes));
   }
   rep_->arena = arena;
   int old_total_size = total_size_;
@@ -1363,7 +1381,12 @@ void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Destroy() {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       TypeHandler::Delete(cast<TypeHandler>(elements[i]), NULL);
     }
-    delete[] reinterpret_cast<char*>(rep_);
+#if defined(__GXX_DELETE_WITH_SIZE__) || defined(__cpp_sized_deallocation)
+    const size_t size = total_size_ * sizeof(elements[0]) + kRepHeaderSize;
+    ::operator delete(static_cast<void*>(rep_), size);
+#else
+    ::operator delete(static_cast<void*>(rep_));
+#endif
   }
   rep_ = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc
index 39b24b33..33547146 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field_unittest.cc
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ TEST(RepeatedField, Small) {
   EXPECT_EQ(field.size(), 0);
   // Additional bytes are for 'struct Rep' header.
   int expected_usage = 4 * sizeof(int) + sizeof(Arena*);
-  EXPECT_EQ(field.SpaceUsedExcludingSelf(), expected_usage);
+  EXPECT_GE(field.SpaceUsedExcludingSelf(), expected_usage);
 }
 
 
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ TEST(RepeatedField, ReserveMoreThanDouble) {
   RepeatedField<int> field;
   field.Reserve(20);
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(20, ReservedSpace(&field));
+  EXPECT_LE(20, ReservedSpace(&field));
 }
 
 TEST(RepeatedField, ReserveLessThanDouble) {
@@ -215,9 +215,10 @@ TEST(RepeatedField, ReserveLessThanDouble) {
   // field to grow by double instead.
   RepeatedField<int> field;
   field.Reserve(20);
-  field.Reserve(30);
+  int capacity = field.Capacity();
+  field.Reserve(capacity * 1.5);
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(40, ReservedSpace(&field));
+  EXPECT_LE(2 * capacity, ReservedSpace(&field));
 }
 
 TEST(RepeatedField, ReserveLessThanExisting) {
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ TEST(RepeatedField, ReserveLessThanExisting) {
   field.Reserve(10);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(previous_ptr, field.data());
-  EXPECT_EQ(20, ReservedSpace(&field));
+  EXPECT_LE(20, ReservedSpace(&field));
 }
 
 TEST(RepeatedField, Resize) {
@@ -397,6 +398,16 @@ TEST(RepeatedField, MutableDataIsMutable) {
   EXPECT_EQ(2, field.Get(0));
 }
 
+TEST(RepeatedField, SubscriptOperators) {
+  RepeatedField<int> field;
+  field.Add(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, field.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, field[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Mutable(0), &field[0]);
+  const RepeatedField<int>& const_field = field;
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.data(), &const_field[0]);
+}
+
 TEST(RepeatedField, Truncate) {
   RepeatedField<int> field;
 
@@ -470,11 +481,11 @@ TEST(RepeatedField, ClearThenReserveMore) {
   EXPECT_EQ(32, field.size());
   field.Clear();
   EXPECT_EQ(0, field.size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(32, field.Capacity());
+  EXPECT_LE(32, field.Capacity());
 
   field.Reserve(1024);
   EXPECT_EQ(0, field.size());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1024, field.Capacity());
+  EXPECT_LE(1024, field.Capacity());
   // Finish test -- |field| should destroy the cleared-but-not-yet-destroyed
   // strings.
 }
@@ -629,15 +640,18 @@ TEST(RepeatedPtrField, ReserveMoreThanDouble) {
   RepeatedPtrField<string> field;
   field.Reserve(20);
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(20, ReservedSpace(&field));
+  EXPECT_LE(20, ReservedSpace(&field));
 }
 
 TEST(RepeatedPtrField, ReserveLessThanDouble) {
   RepeatedPtrField<string> field;
   field.Reserve(20);
-  field.Reserve(30);
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(40, ReservedSpace(&field));
+  int capacity = field.Capacity();
+  // Grow by 1.5x
+  field.Reserve(capacity + (capacity >> 2));
+
+  EXPECT_LE(2 * capacity, ReservedSpace(&field));
 }
 
 TEST(RepeatedPtrField, ReserveLessThanExisting) {
@@ -647,7 +661,7 @@ TEST(RepeatedPtrField, ReserveLessThanExisting) {
   field.Reserve(10);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(previous_ptr, field.data());
-  EXPECT_EQ(20, ReservedSpace(&field));
+  EXPECT_LE(20, ReservedSpace(&field));
 }
 
 TEST(RepeatedPtrField, ReserveDoesntLoseAllocated) {
@@ -918,6 +932,16 @@ TEST(RepeatedPtrField, MutableDataIsMutable) {
   EXPECT_EQ("2", field.Get(0));
 }
 
+TEST(RepeatedPtrField, SubscriptOperators) {
+  RepeatedPtrField<string> field;
+  *field.Add() = "1";
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", field.Get(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", field[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(field.Mutable(0), &field[0]);
+  const RepeatedPtrField<string>& const_field = field;
+  EXPECT_EQ(*field.data(), &const_field[0]);
+}
+
 TEST(RepeatedPtrField, ExtractSubrange) {
   // Exhaustively test every subrange in arrays of all sizes from 0 through 9
   // with 0 through 3 cleared elements at the end.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc
index 019ccf15..195a5d49 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.cc
@@ -43,20 +43,19 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto() {
   SourceContext_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       SourceContext_descriptor_,
-      SourceContext::default_instance_,
+      SourceContext::internal_default_instance(),
       SourceContext_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(SourceContext),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceContext, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceContext, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(SourceContext, _internal_metadata_));
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
-inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto);
 }
@@ -65,36 +64,48 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      SourceContext_descriptor_, &SourceContext::default_instance());
+      SourceContext_descriptor_, SourceContext::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto() {
-  delete SourceContext::default_instance_;
   delete SourceContext_reflection_;
 }
 
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto() {
-  static bool already_here = false;
-  if (already_here) return;
-  already_here = true;
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_impl() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  SourceContext::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  SourceContext::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_impl);
+}
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_impl() {
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
     "\n$google/protobuf/source_context.proto\022\017"
     "google.protobuf\"\"\n\rSourceContext\022\021\n\tfile"
-    "_name\030\001 \001(\tBU\n\023com.google.protobufB\022Sour"
-    "ceContextProtoP\001\240\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Proto"
-    "buf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 186);
+    "_name\030\001 \001(\tBR\n\023com.google.protobufB\022Sour"
+    "ceContextProtoP\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf"
+    ".WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 183);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/source_context.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
-  SourceContext::default_instance_ = new SourceContext();
-  SourceContext::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto);
 }
 
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_impl);
+}
 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto {
   StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto() {
@@ -102,6 +113,16 @@ struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto
   }
 } static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_;
 
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
@@ -110,27 +131,25 @@ const int SourceContext::kFileNameFieldNumber;
 
 SourceContext::SourceContext()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
 }
 
 void SourceContext::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 SourceContext::SourceContext(const SourceContext& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
 }
 
 void SourceContext::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   file_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 SourceContext::~SourceContext() {
@@ -140,8 +159,6 @@ SourceContext::~SourceContext() {
 
 void SourceContext::SharedDtor() {
   file_name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void SourceContext::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -155,11 +172,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* SourceContext::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const SourceContext& SourceContext::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-SourceContext* SourceContext::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<SourceContext> SourceContext::default_instance_;
 
 SourceContext* SourceContext::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   SourceContext* n = new SourceContext;
@@ -256,9 +273,9 @@ void SourceContext::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int SourceContext::ByteSize() const {
+size_t SourceContext::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional string file_name = 1;
   if (this->file_name().size() > 0) {
@@ -267,18 +284,17 @@ int SourceContext::ByteSize() const {
         this->file_name());
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void SourceContext::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const SourceContext* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const SourceContext* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const SourceContext>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -286,15 +302,21 @@ void SourceContext::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void SourceContext::MergeFrom(const SourceContext& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void SourceContext::UnsafeMergeFrom(const SourceContext& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.file_name().size() > 0) {
 
     file_name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.file_name_);
@@ -312,7 +334,7 @@ void SourceContext::CopyFrom(const SourceContext& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.SourceContext)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool SourceContext::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -345,37 +367,37 @@ void SourceContext::InternalSwap(SourceContext* other) {
 void SourceContext::clear_file_name() {
   file_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- const ::std::string& SourceContext::file_name() const {
+const ::std::string& SourceContext::file_name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
   return file_name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void SourceContext::set_file_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void SourceContext::set_file_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
   file_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
 }
- void SourceContext::set_file_name(const char* value) {
+void SourceContext::set_file_name(const char* value) {
   
   file_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
 }
- void SourceContext::set_file_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void SourceContext::set_file_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
   
   file_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
 }
- ::std::string* SourceContext::mutable_file_name() {
+::std::string* SourceContext::mutable_file_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
   return file_name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* SourceContext::release_file_name() {
+::std::string* SourceContext::release_file_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.SourceContext.file_name)
   
   return file_name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void SourceContext::set_allocated_file_name(::std::string* file_name) {
+void SourceContext::set_allocated_file_name(::std::string* file_name) {
   if (file_name != NULL) {
     
   } else {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h
index 163b1eb0..b82f1f27 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/source_context.pb.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ namespace protobuf {
 
 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
 void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
 
@@ -56,6 +57,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceContext : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const SourceContext& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const SourceContext* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void Swap(SourceContext* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceContext : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -86,6 +91,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceContext : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(SourceContext* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const SourceContext& from);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -116,15 +122,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT SourceContext : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr file_name_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static SourceContext* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<SourceContext> default_instance_;
 };
 // ===================================================================
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto b/src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto
index a2c08e2b..79137ce8 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/source_context.proto
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "SourceContextProto";
 option java_multiple_files = true;
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
 
 // `SourceContext` represents information about the source of a
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc
index 998ea0e0..c609f879 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.cc
@@ -59,14 +59,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
   Struct_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Struct_descriptor_,
-      Struct::default_instance_,
+      Struct::internal_default_instance(),
       Struct_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Struct),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Struct, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Struct, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Struct, _internal_metadata_));
   Struct_FieldsEntry_descriptor_ = Struct_descriptor_->nested_type(0);
   Value_descriptor_ = file->message_type(1);
   static const int Value_offsets_[7] = {
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
   Value_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Value_descriptor_,
-      Value::default_instance_,
+      Value::internal_default_instance(),
       Value_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
@@ -89,8 +88,7 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
       Value_default_oneof_instance_,
       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Value, _oneof_case_[0]),
       sizeof(Value),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Value, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Value, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Value, _internal_metadata_));
   ListValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(2);
   static const int ListValue_offsets_[1] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ListValue, values_),
@@ -98,21 +96,20 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
   ListValue_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       ListValue_descriptor_,
-      ListValue::default_instance_,
+      ListValue::internal_default_instance(),
       ListValue_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(ListValue),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ListValue, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ListValue, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(ListValue, _internal_metadata_));
   NullValue_descriptor_ = file->enum_type(0);
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
-inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto);
 }
@@ -121,7 +118,7 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Struct_descriptor_, &Struct::default_instance());
+      Struct_descriptor_, Struct::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
         Struct_FieldsEntry_descriptor_,
         ::google::protobuf::internal::MapEntry<
@@ -132,30 +129,43 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
             0>::CreateDefaultInstance(
                 Struct_FieldsEntry_descriptor_));
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Value_descriptor_, &Value::default_instance());
+      Value_descriptor_, Value::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      ListValue_descriptor_, &ListValue::default_instance());
+      ListValue_descriptor_, ListValue::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
-  delete Struct::default_instance_;
   delete Struct_reflection_;
-  delete Value::default_instance_;
   delete Value_default_oneof_instance_;
   delete Value_reflection_;
-  delete ListValue::default_instance_;
   delete ListValue_reflection_;
 }
 
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
-  static bool already_here = false;
-  if (already_here) return;
-  already_here = true;
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_impl() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  Struct::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  Value::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  Value_default_oneof_instance_ = new ValueOneofInstance();
+  ListValue::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  Struct::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Value::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ListValue::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_impl);
+}
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_impl() {
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
     "\n\034google/protobuf/struct.proto\022\017google.p"
     "rotobuf\"\204\001\n\006Struct\0223\n\006fields\030\001 \003(\0132#.goo"
@@ -171,21 +181,19 @@ void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
     "es\030\001 \003(\0132\026.google.protobuf.Value*\033\n\tNull"
     "Value\022\016\n\nNULL_VALUE\020\000B\201\001\n\023com.google.pro"
     "tobufB\013StructProtoP\001Z1github.com/golang/"
-    "protobuf/ptypes/struct;structpb\240\001\001\242\002\003GPB"
+    "protobuf/ptypes/struct;structpb\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB"
     "\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto"
     "3", 641);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/struct.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
-  Struct::default_instance_ = new Struct();
-  Value::default_instance_ = new Value();
-  Value_default_oneof_instance_ = new ValueOneofInstance();
-  ListValue::default_instance_ = new ListValue();
-  Struct::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  Value::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  ListValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto);
 }
 
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_impl);
+}
 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto {
   StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto() {
@@ -197,7 +205,7 @@ const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* NullValue_descriptor() {
   return NullValue_descriptor_;
 }
 bool NullValue_IsValid(int value) {
-  switch(value) {
+  switch (value) {
     case 0:
       return true;
     default:
@@ -206,6 +214,16 @@ bool NullValue_IsValid(int value) {
 }
 
 
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
@@ -214,30 +232,39 @@ const int Struct::kFieldsFieldNumber;
 
 Struct::Struct()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Struct)
 }
+Struct::Struct(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  fields_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Struct)
+}
 
 void Struct::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 Struct::Struct(const Struct& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Struct)
 }
 
 void Struct::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   fields_.SetAssignDescriptorCallback(
       protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce);
   fields_.SetEntryDescriptor(
       &::google::protobuf::Struct_FieldsEntry_descriptor_);
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 Struct::~Struct() {
@@ -246,10 +273,19 @@ Struct::~Struct() {
 }
 
 void Struct::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    return;
   }
+
 }
 
+void Struct::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Struct* _this = reinterpret_cast< Struct* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Struct::RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
+}
 void Struct::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
   _cached_size_ = size;
@@ -261,18 +297,14 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Struct::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Struct& Struct::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Struct* Struct::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Struct> Struct::default_instance_;
 
 Struct* Struct::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
-  Struct* n = new Struct;
-  if (arena != NULL) {
-    arena->Own(n);
-  }
-  return n;
+  return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<Struct>(arena);
 }
 
 void Struct::Clear() {
@@ -373,6 +405,9 @@ void Struct::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
             items[i]->first, items[i]->second));
         ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
             1, *entry, output);
+        if (entry->GetArena() != NULL) {
+          entry.release();
+        }
         Utf8Check::Check(items[i]);
       }
     } else {
@@ -384,6 +419,9 @@ void Struct::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
             it->first, it->second));
         ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteMessageMaybeToArray(
             1, *entry, output);
+        if (entry->GetArena() != NULL) {
+          entry.release();
+        }
         Utf8Check::Check(&*it);
       }
     }
@@ -431,6 +469,9 @@ void Struct::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
                    InternalWriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
                        1, *entry, deterministic, target);
 ;
+        if (entry->GetArena() != NULL) {
+          entry.release();
+        }
         Utf8Check::Check(items[i]);
       }
     } else {
@@ -444,6 +485,9 @@ void Struct::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
                    InternalWriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
                        1, *entry, deterministic, target);
 ;
+        if (entry->GetArena() != NULL) {
+          entry.release();
+        }
         Utf8Check::Check(&*it);
       }
     }
@@ -453,35 +497,41 @@ void Struct::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Struct::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Struct::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // map<string, .google.protobuf.Value> fields = 1;
-  total_size += 1 * this->fields_size();
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::FromIntSize(this->fields_size());
   {
     ::google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Struct_FieldsEntry> entry;
     for (::google::protobuf::Map< ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value >::const_iterator
         it = this->fields().begin();
         it != this->fields().end(); ++it) {
+      if (entry.get() != NULL && entry->GetArena() != NULL) {
+        entry.release();
+      }
       entry.reset(fields_.NewEntryWrapper(it->first, it->second));
       total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::
           MessageSizeNoVirtual(*entry);
     }
+    if (entry.get() != NULL && entry->GetArena() != NULL) {
+      entry.release();
+    }
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Struct::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Struct* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Struct* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Struct>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -489,15 +539,21 @@ void Struct::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Struct)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Struct::MergeFrom(const Struct& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Struct::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Struct& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   fields_.MergeFrom(from.fields_);
 }
 
@@ -512,7 +568,7 @@ void Struct::CopyFrom(const Struct& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Struct)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Struct::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -522,6 +578,18 @@ bool Struct::IsInitialized() const {
 
 void Struct::Swap(Struct* other) {
   if (other == this) return;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  } else {
+    Struct temp;
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
+    CopyFrom(*other);
+    other->CopyFrom(temp);
+  }
+}
+void Struct::UnsafeArenaSwap(Struct* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
   InternalSwap(other);
 }
 void Struct::InternalSwap(Struct* other) {
@@ -574,33 +642,43 @@ const int Value::kListValueFieldNumber;
 
 Value::Value()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Value)
 }
+Value::Value(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Value)
+}
 
 void Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
   Value_default_oneof_instance_->null_value_ = 0;
   Value_default_oneof_instance_->number_value_ = 0;
   Value_default_oneof_instance_->string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   Value_default_oneof_instance_->bool_value_ = false;
-  Value_default_oneof_instance_->struct_value_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::Struct*>(&::google::protobuf::Struct::default_instance());
-  Value_default_oneof_instance_->list_value_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::ListValue*>(&::google::protobuf::ListValue::default_instance());
+  Value_default_oneof_instance_->struct_value_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::Struct*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::Struct::internal_default_instance());
+  Value_default_oneof_instance_->list_value_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::ListValue*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::ListValue::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 Value::Value(const Value& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Value)
 }
 
 void Value::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   clear_has_kind();
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 Value::~Value() {
@@ -609,13 +687,22 @@ Value::~Value() {
 }
 
 void Value::SharedDtor() {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+
   if (has_kind()) {
     clear_kind();
   }
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
+void Value::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Value* _this = reinterpret_cast< Value* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Value::RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
+}
 void Value::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
   _cached_size_ = size;
@@ -627,23 +714,19 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Value::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Value& Value::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Value* Value::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Value> Value::default_instance_;
 
 Value* Value::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
-  Value* n = new Value;
-  if (arena != NULL) {
-    arena->Own(n);
-  }
-  return n;
+  return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<Value>(arena);
 }
 
 void Value::clear_kind() {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(one_of_clear_start:google.protobuf.Value)
-  switch(kind_case()) {
+  switch (kind_case()) {
     case kNullValue: {
       // No need to clear
       break;
@@ -653,7 +736,8 @@ void Value::clear_kind() {
       break;
     }
     case kStringValue: {
-      kind_.string_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+      kind_.string_value_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+          GetArenaNoVirtual());
       break;
     }
     case kBoolValue: {
@@ -661,11 +745,15 @@ void Value::clear_kind() {
       break;
     }
     case kStructValue: {
-      delete kind_.struct_value_;
+      if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL) {
+        delete kind_.struct_value_;
+      }
       break;
     }
     case kListValue: {
-      delete kind_.list_value_;
+      if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL) {
+        delete kind_.list_value_;
+      }
       break;
     }
     case KIND_NOT_SET: {
@@ -702,14 +790,13 @@ bool Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(17)) goto parse_number_value;
+        goto after_list_value;
         break;
       }
 
       // optional double number_value = 2;
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 17) {
-         parse_number_value:
           clear_kind();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    double, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_DOUBLE>(
@@ -718,14 +805,13 @@ bool Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(26)) goto parse_string_value;
+        goto after_list_value;
         break;
       }
 
       // optional string string_value = 3;
       case 3: {
         if (tag == 26) {
-         parse_string_value:
           DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
                 input, this->mutable_string_value()));
           DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
@@ -735,14 +821,13 @@ bool Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(32)) goto parse_bool_value;
+        goto after_list_value;
         break;
       }
 
       // optional bool bool_value = 4;
       case 4: {
         if (tag == 32) {
-         parse_bool_value:
           clear_kind();
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
@@ -751,14 +836,13 @@ bool Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
-        if (input->ExpectTag(42)) goto parse_struct_value;
+        goto after_list_value;
         break;
       }
 
       // optional .google.protobuf.Struct struct_value = 5;
       case 5: {
         if (tag == 42) {
-         parse_struct_value:
           DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadMessageNoVirtual(
                input, mutable_struct_value()));
         } else {
@@ -777,6 +861,7 @@ bool Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
+       after_list_value:
         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
         break;
       }
@@ -895,9 +980,9 @@ void Value::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Value::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Value::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Value)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   switch (kind_case()) {
     // optional .google.protobuf.NullValue null_value = 1;
@@ -941,18 +1026,17 @@ int Value::ByteSize() const {
       break;
     }
   }
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Value)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Value* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Value* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Value>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -960,15 +1044,21 @@ void Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Value)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Value::MergeFrom(const Value& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Value)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Value::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Value& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   switch (from.kind_case()) {
     case kNullValue: {
       set_null_value(from.null_value());
@@ -1011,7 +1101,7 @@ void Value::CopyFrom(const Value& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Value)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Value::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1021,6 +1111,18 @@ bool Value::IsInitialized() const {
 
 void Value::Swap(Value* other) {
   if (other == this) return;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  } else {
+    Value temp;
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
+    CopyFrom(*other);
+    other->CopyFrom(temp);
+  }
+}
+void Value::UnsafeArenaSwap(Value* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
   InternalSwap(other);
 }
 void Value::InternalSwap(Value* other) {
@@ -1054,14 +1156,14 @@ void Value::clear_null_value() {
     clear_has_kind();
   }
 }
- ::google::protobuf::NullValue Value::null_value() const {
+::google::protobuf::NullValue Value::null_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.null_value)
   if (has_null_value()) {
     return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::NullValue >(kind_.null_value_);
   }
   return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::NullValue >(0);
 }
- void Value::set_null_value(::google::protobuf::NullValue value) {
+void Value::set_null_value(::google::protobuf::NullValue value) {
   if (!has_null_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_null_value();
@@ -1083,14 +1185,14 @@ void Value::clear_number_value() {
     clear_has_kind();
   }
 }
- double Value::number_value() const {
+double Value::number_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.number_value)
   if (has_number_value()) {
     return kind_.number_value_;
   }
   return 0;
 }
- void Value::set_number_value(double value) {
+void Value::set_number_value(double value) {
   if (!has_number_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_number_value();
@@ -1108,77 +1210,105 @@ void Value::set_has_string_value() {
 }
 void Value::clear_string_value() {
   if (has_string_value()) {
-    kind_.string_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+    kind_.string_value_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+        GetArenaNoVirtual());
     clear_has_kind();
   }
 }
- const ::std::string& Value::string_value() const {
+const ::std::string& Value::string_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
   if (has_string_value()) {
-    return kind_.string_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+    return kind_.string_value_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   }
   return *&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited();
 }
- void Value::set_string_value(const ::std::string& value) {
-  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+void Value::set_string_value(const ::std::string& value) {
   if (!has_string_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_string_value();
     kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   }
-  kind_.string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  kind_.string_value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
 }
- void Value::set_string_value(const char* value) {
+void Value::set_string_value(const char* value) {
   if (!has_string_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_string_value();
     kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   }
-  kind_.string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(value));
+  kind_.string_value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
 }
- void Value::set_string_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Value::set_string_value(const char* value,
+                             size_t size) {
   if (!has_string_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_string_value();
     kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   }
-  kind_.string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
-      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  kind_.string_value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
 }
- ::std::string* Value::mutable_string_value() {
+::std::string* Value::mutable_string_value() {
   if (!has_string_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_string_value();
     kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   }
+  return kind_.string_value_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
-  return kind_.string_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- ::std::string* Value::release_string_value() {
+::std::string* Value::release_string_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
   if (has_string_value()) {
     clear_has_kind();
-    return kind_.string_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+    return kind_.string_value_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+        GetArenaNoVirtual());
   } else {
     return NULL;
   }
 }
- void Value::set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value) {
+::std::string* Value::unsafe_arena_release_string_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (has_string_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+    return kind_.string_value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(
+        &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+void Value::set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value) {
   if (!has_string_value()) {
     kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   }
   clear_kind();
   if (string_value != NULL) {
     set_has_string_value();
-    kind_.string_value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-        string_value);
+    kind_.string_value_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), string_value,
+        GetArenaNoVirtual());
   }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
 }
+void Value::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (!has_string_value()) {
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  clear_kind();
+  if (string_value) {
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), string_value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
 
 // optional bool bool_value = 4;
 bool Value::has_bool_value() const {
@@ -1193,14 +1323,14 @@ void Value::clear_bool_value() {
     clear_has_kind();
   }
 }
- bool Value::bool_value() const {
+bool Value::bool_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.bool_value)
   if (has_bool_value()) {
     return kind_.bool_value_;
   }
   return false;
 }
- void Value::set_bool_value(bool value) {
+void Value::set_bool_value(bool value) {
   if (!has_bool_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_bool_value();
@@ -1218,7 +1348,9 @@ void Value::set_has_struct_value() {
 }
 void Value::clear_struct_value() {
   if (has_struct_value()) {
-    delete kind_.struct_value_;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL) {
+      delete kind_.struct_value_;
+    }
     clear_has_kind();
   }
 }
@@ -1232,7 +1364,9 @@ void Value::clear_struct_value() {
   if (!has_struct_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_struct_value();
-    kind_.struct_value_ = new ::google::protobuf::Struct;
+    kind_.struct_value_ = 
+      ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< ::google::protobuf::Struct >(
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
   return kind_.struct_value_;
@@ -1241,6 +1375,42 @@ void Value::clear_struct_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
   if (has_struct_value()) {
     clear_has_kind();
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+      ::google::protobuf::Struct* temp = new ::google::protobuf::Struct(*kind_.struct_value_);
+      kind_.struct_value_ = NULL;
+      return temp;
+    } else {
+      ::google::protobuf::Struct* temp = kind_.struct_value_;
+      kind_.struct_value_ = NULL;
+      return temp;
+    }
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+void Value::set_allocated_struct_value(::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value) {
+  clear_kind();
+  if (struct_value) {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL &&
+        ::google::protobuf::Arena::GetArena(struct_value) == NULL) {
+      GetArenaNoVirtual()->Own(struct_value);
+    } else if (GetArenaNoVirtual() !=
+               ::google::protobuf::Arena::GetArena(struct_value)) {
+      ::google::protobuf::Struct* new_struct_value = 
+          ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< ::google::protobuf::Struct >(
+          GetArenaNoVirtual());
+      new_struct_value->CopyFrom(*struct_value);
+      struct_value = new_struct_value;
+    }
+    set_has_struct_value();
+    kind_.struct_value_ = struct_value;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::Struct* Value::unsafe_arena_release_struct_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+  if (has_struct_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
     ::google::protobuf::Struct* temp = kind_.struct_value_;
     kind_.struct_value_ = NULL;
     return temp;
@@ -1248,13 +1418,13 @@ void Value::clear_struct_value() {
     return NULL;
   }
 }
-void Value::set_allocated_struct_value(::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value) {
+ void Value::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_struct_value(::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value) {
   clear_kind();
   if (struct_value) {
     set_has_struct_value();
     kind_.struct_value_ = struct_value;
   }
-  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
 }
 
 // optional .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
@@ -1266,7 +1436,9 @@ void Value::set_has_list_value() {
 }
 void Value::clear_list_value() {
   if (has_list_value()) {
-    delete kind_.list_value_;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL) {
+      delete kind_.list_value_;
+    }
     clear_has_kind();
   }
 }
@@ -1280,7 +1452,9 @@ void Value::clear_list_value() {
   if (!has_list_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_list_value();
-    kind_.list_value_ = new ::google::protobuf::ListValue;
+    kind_.list_value_ = 
+      ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< ::google::protobuf::ListValue >(
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
   return kind_.list_value_;
@@ -1289,6 +1463,42 @@ void Value::clear_list_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
   if (has_list_value()) {
     clear_has_kind();
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+      ::google::protobuf::ListValue* temp = new ::google::protobuf::ListValue(*kind_.list_value_);
+      kind_.list_value_ = NULL;
+      return temp;
+    } else {
+      ::google::protobuf::ListValue* temp = kind_.list_value_;
+      kind_.list_value_ = NULL;
+      return temp;
+    }
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+void Value::set_allocated_list_value(::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value) {
+  clear_kind();
+  if (list_value) {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL &&
+        ::google::protobuf::Arena::GetArena(list_value) == NULL) {
+      GetArenaNoVirtual()->Own(list_value);
+    } else if (GetArenaNoVirtual() !=
+               ::google::protobuf::Arena::GetArena(list_value)) {
+      ::google::protobuf::ListValue* new_list_value = 
+          ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< ::google::protobuf::ListValue >(
+          GetArenaNoVirtual());
+      new_list_value->CopyFrom(*list_value);
+      list_value = new_list_value;
+    }
+    set_has_list_value();
+    kind_.list_value_ = list_value;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+}
+ ::google::protobuf::ListValue* Value::unsafe_arena_release_list_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+  if (has_list_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
     ::google::protobuf::ListValue* temp = kind_.list_value_;
     kind_.list_value_ = NULL;
     return temp;
@@ -1296,13 +1506,13 @@ void Value::clear_list_value() {
     return NULL;
   }
 }
-void Value::set_allocated_list_value(::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value) {
+ void Value::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_list_value(::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value) {
   clear_kind();
   if (list_value) {
     set_has_list_value();
     kind_.list_value_ = list_value;
   }
-  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
 }
 
 bool Value::has_kind() const {
@@ -1324,24 +1534,34 @@ const int ListValue::kValuesFieldNumber;
 
 ListValue::ListValue()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.ListValue)
 }
+ListValue::ListValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  values_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.ListValue)
+}
 
 void ListValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 ListValue::ListValue(const ListValue& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.ListValue)
 }
 
 void ListValue::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
   _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
@@ -1351,10 +1571,19 @@ ListValue::~ListValue() {
 }
 
 void ListValue::SharedDtor() {
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    return;
   }
+
 }
 
+void ListValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  ListValue* _this = reinterpret_cast< ListValue* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void ListValue::RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
+}
 void ListValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
   _cached_size_ = size;
@@ -1366,18 +1595,14 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* ListValue::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const ListValue& ListValue::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-ListValue* ListValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<ListValue> ListValue::default_instance_;
 
 ListValue* ListValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
-  ListValue* n = new ListValue;
-  if (arena != NULL) {
-    arena->Own(n);
-  }
-  return n;
+  return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<ListValue>(arena);
 }
 
 void ListValue::Clear() {
@@ -1459,30 +1684,32 @@ void ListValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int ListValue::ByteSize() const {
+size_t ListValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
-  total_size += 1 * this->values_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->values_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->values(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->values_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->values(i));
+    }
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void ListValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const ListValue* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const ListValue* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const ListValue>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -1490,15 +1717,21 @@ void ListValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.ListValue)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void ListValue::MergeFrom(const ListValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void ListValue::UnsafeMergeFrom(const ListValue& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   values_.MergeFrom(from.values_);
 }
 
@@ -1513,7 +1746,7 @@ void ListValue::CopyFrom(const ListValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.ListValue)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool ListValue::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1523,6 +1756,18 @@ bool ListValue::IsInitialized() const {
 
 void ListValue::Swap(ListValue* other) {
   if (other == this) return;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  } else {
+    ListValue temp;
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
+    CopyFrom(*other);
+    other->CopyFrom(temp);
+  }
+}
+void ListValue::UnsafeArenaSwap(ListValue* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
   InternalSwap(other);
 }
 void ListValue::InternalSwap(ListValue* other) {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.h
index d98a12e2..34b9bfb8 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/struct.pb.h
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ namespace protobuf {
 
 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
 void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
 
@@ -78,9 +79,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Struct : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
     return *this;
   }
 
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArena() const { return GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Struct& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Struct* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Struct* other);
   void Swap(Struct* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -95,7 +105,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Struct : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -111,6 +121,12 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Struct : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Struct* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Struct& from);
+  protected:
+  explicit Struct(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -140,7 +156,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Struct : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
   typedef ::google::protobuf::internal::MapEntryLite<
       ::std::string, ::google::protobuf::Value,
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_STRING,
@@ -153,12 +171,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Struct : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_MESSAGE,
       0 > fields_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Struct* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Struct> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -174,6 +193,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
     return *this;
   }
 
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArena() const { return GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Value& default_instance();
 
@@ -187,6 +210,11 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
     KIND_NOT_SET = 0,
   };
 
+  static inline const Value* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Value* other);
   void Swap(Value* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -201,7 +229,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -217,6 +245,12 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Value* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Value& from);
+  protected:
+  explicit Value(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -263,6 +297,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   ::std::string* mutable_string_value();
   ::std::string* release_string_value();
   void set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value);
+  ::std::string* unsafe_arena_release_string_value();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_string_value(
+      ::std::string* string_value);
 
   // optional bool bool_value = 4;
   private:
@@ -277,19 +314,37 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   bool has_struct_value() const;
   void clear_struct_value();
   static const int kStructValueFieldNumber = 5;
+  private:
+  void _slow_mutable_struct_value();
+  void _slow_set_allocated_struct_value(
+      ::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena, ::google::protobuf::Struct** struct_value);
+  ::google::protobuf::Struct* _slow_release_struct_value();
+  public:
   const ::google::protobuf::Struct& struct_value() const;
   ::google::protobuf::Struct* mutable_struct_value();
   ::google::protobuf::Struct* release_struct_value();
   void set_allocated_struct_value(::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value);
+  ::google::protobuf::Struct* unsafe_arena_release_struct_value();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_struct_value(
+      ::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value);
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
   bool has_list_value() const;
   void clear_list_value();
   static const int kListValueFieldNumber = 6;
+  private:
+  void _slow_mutable_list_value();
+  void _slow_set_allocated_list_value(
+      ::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena, ::google::protobuf::ListValue** list_value);
+  ::google::protobuf::ListValue* _slow_release_list_value();
+  public:
   const ::google::protobuf::ListValue& list_value() const;
   ::google::protobuf::ListValue* mutable_list_value();
   ::google::protobuf::ListValue* release_list_value();
   void set_allocated_list_value(::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value);
+  ::google::protobuf::ListValue* unsafe_arena_release_list_value();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_list_value(
+      ::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value);
 
   KindCase kind_case() const;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Value)
@@ -306,7 +361,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   inline void clear_has_kind();
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
   union KindUnion {
     KindUnion() {}
     int null_value_;
@@ -319,12 +376,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   mutable int _cached_size_;
   ::google::protobuf::uint32 _oneof_case_[1];
 
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Value* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Value> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -340,9 +398,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ListValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
     return *this;
   }
 
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArena() const { return GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const ListValue& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const ListValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(ListValue* other);
   void Swap(ListValue* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -357,7 +424,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ListValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -373,6 +440,12 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ListValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(ListValue* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const ListValue& from);
+  protected:
+  explicit ListValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -404,15 +477,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ListValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Value > values_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fstruct_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static ListValue* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<ListValue> default_instance_;
 };
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -511,25 +587,26 @@ inline void Value::set_has_string_value() {
 }
 inline void Value::clear_string_value() {
   if (has_string_value()) {
-    kind_.string_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+    kind_.string_value_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+        GetArenaNoVirtual());
     clear_has_kind();
   }
 }
 inline const ::std::string& Value::string_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
   if (has_string_value()) {
-    return kind_.string_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+    return kind_.string_value_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   }
   return *&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited();
 }
 inline void Value::set_string_value(const ::std::string& value) {
-  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
   if (!has_string_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_string_value();
     kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   }
-  kind_.string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  kind_.string_value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
 }
 inline void Value::set_string_value(const char* value) {
@@ -538,18 +615,20 @@ inline void Value::set_string_value(const char* value) {
     set_has_string_value();
     kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   }
-  kind_.string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(value));
+  kind_.string_value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      ::std::string(value), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
 }
-inline void Value::set_string_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+inline void Value::set_string_value(const char* value,
+                             size_t size) {
   if (!has_string_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_string_value();
     kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   }
-  kind_.string_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
-      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  kind_.string_value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
 }
 inline ::std::string* Value::mutable_string_value() {
@@ -558,14 +637,27 @@ inline ::std::string* Value::mutable_string_value() {
     set_has_string_value();
     kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   }
+  return kind_.string_value_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
-  return kind_.string_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
 inline ::std::string* Value::release_string_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
   if (has_string_value()) {
     clear_has_kind();
-    return kind_.string_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+    return kind_.string_value_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+        GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+inline ::std::string* Value::unsafe_arena_release_string_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (has_string_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
+    return kind_.string_value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(
+        &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   } else {
     return NULL;
   }
@@ -577,11 +669,23 @@ inline void Value::set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value) {
   clear_kind();
   if (string_value != NULL) {
     set_has_string_value();
-    kind_.string_value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-        string_value);
+    kind_.string_value_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), string_value,
+        GetArenaNoVirtual());
   }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
 }
+inline void Value::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_string_value(::std::string* string_value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (!has_string_value()) {
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  }
+  clear_kind();
+  if (string_value) {
+    set_has_string_value();
+    kind_.string_value_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), string_value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.string_value)
+}
 
 // optional bool bool_value = 4;
 inline bool Value::has_bool_value() const {
@@ -621,7 +725,9 @@ inline void Value::set_has_struct_value() {
 }
 inline void Value::clear_struct_value() {
   if (has_struct_value()) {
-    delete kind_.struct_value_;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL) {
+      delete kind_.struct_value_;
+    }
     clear_has_kind();
   }
 }
@@ -635,7 +741,9 @@ inline ::google::protobuf::Struct* Value::mutable_struct_value() {
   if (!has_struct_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_struct_value();
-    kind_.struct_value_ = new ::google::protobuf::Struct;
+    kind_.struct_value_ = 
+      ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< ::google::protobuf::Struct >(
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
   return kind_.struct_value_;
@@ -644,6 +752,42 @@ inline ::google::protobuf::Struct* Value::release_struct_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
   if (has_struct_value()) {
     clear_has_kind();
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+      ::google::protobuf::Struct* temp = new ::google::protobuf::Struct(*kind_.struct_value_);
+      kind_.struct_value_ = NULL;
+      return temp;
+    } else {
+      ::google::protobuf::Struct* temp = kind_.struct_value_;
+      kind_.struct_value_ = NULL;
+      return temp;
+    }
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+inline void Value::set_allocated_struct_value(::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value) {
+  clear_kind();
+  if (struct_value) {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL &&
+        ::google::protobuf::Arena::GetArena(struct_value) == NULL) {
+      GetArenaNoVirtual()->Own(struct_value);
+    } else if (GetArenaNoVirtual() !=
+               ::google::protobuf::Arena::GetArena(struct_value)) {
+      ::google::protobuf::Struct* new_struct_value = 
+          ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< ::google::protobuf::Struct >(
+          GetArenaNoVirtual());
+      new_struct_value->CopyFrom(*struct_value);
+      struct_value = new_struct_value;
+    }
+    set_has_struct_value();
+    kind_.struct_value_ = struct_value;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+}
+inline  ::google::protobuf::Struct* Value::unsafe_arena_release_struct_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+  if (has_struct_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
     ::google::protobuf::Struct* temp = kind_.struct_value_;
     kind_.struct_value_ = NULL;
     return temp;
@@ -651,13 +795,13 @@ inline ::google::protobuf::Struct* Value::release_struct_value() {
     return NULL;
   }
 }
-inline void Value::set_allocated_struct_value(::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value) {
+inline  void Value::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_struct_value(::google::protobuf::Struct* struct_value) {
   clear_kind();
   if (struct_value) {
     set_has_struct_value();
     kind_.struct_value_ = struct_value;
   }
-  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.struct_value)
 }
 
 // optional .google.protobuf.ListValue list_value = 6;
@@ -669,7 +813,9 @@ inline void Value::set_has_list_value() {
 }
 inline void Value::clear_list_value() {
   if (has_list_value()) {
-    delete kind_.list_value_;
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL) {
+      delete kind_.list_value_;
+    }
     clear_has_kind();
   }
 }
@@ -683,7 +829,9 @@ inline ::google::protobuf::ListValue* Value::mutable_list_value() {
   if (!has_list_value()) {
     clear_kind();
     set_has_list_value();
-    kind_.list_value_ = new ::google::protobuf::ListValue;
+    kind_.list_value_ = 
+      ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< ::google::protobuf::ListValue >(
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
   return kind_.list_value_;
@@ -692,6 +840,42 @@ inline ::google::protobuf::ListValue* Value::release_list_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
   if (has_list_value()) {
     clear_has_kind();
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+      ::google::protobuf::ListValue* temp = new ::google::protobuf::ListValue(*kind_.list_value_);
+      kind_.list_value_ = NULL;
+      return temp;
+    } else {
+      ::google::protobuf::ListValue* temp = kind_.list_value_;
+      kind_.list_value_ = NULL;
+      return temp;
+    }
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+inline void Value::set_allocated_list_value(::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value) {
+  clear_kind();
+  if (list_value) {
+    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL &&
+        ::google::protobuf::Arena::GetArena(list_value) == NULL) {
+      GetArenaNoVirtual()->Own(list_value);
+    } else if (GetArenaNoVirtual() !=
+               ::google::protobuf::Arena::GetArena(list_value)) {
+      ::google::protobuf::ListValue* new_list_value = 
+          ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage< ::google::protobuf::ListValue >(
+          GetArenaNoVirtual());
+      new_list_value->CopyFrom(*list_value);
+      list_value = new_list_value;
+    }
+    set_has_list_value();
+    kind_.list_value_ = list_value;
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+}
+inline  ::google::protobuf::ListValue* Value::unsafe_arena_release_list_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+  if (has_list_value()) {
+    clear_has_kind();
     ::google::protobuf::ListValue* temp = kind_.list_value_;
     kind_.list_value_ = NULL;
     return temp;
@@ -699,13 +883,13 @@ inline ::google::protobuf::ListValue* Value::release_list_value() {
     return NULL;
   }
 }
-inline void Value::set_allocated_list_value(::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value) {
+inline  void Value::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_list_value(::google::protobuf::ListValue* list_value) {
   clear_kind();
   if (list_value) {
     set_has_list_value();
     kind_.list_value_ = list_value;
   }
-  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Value.list_value)
 }
 
 inline bool Value::has_kind() const {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto b/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto
index beeba811..7d7808e7 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/struct.proto
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ syntax = "proto3";
 package google.protobuf;
 
 option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
 option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/struct;structpb";
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "StructProto";
 option java_multiple_files = true;
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
 
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/port.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/port.h
index d7f93b4c..376be5f7 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/port.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/port.h
@@ -327,6 +327,61 @@ static inline uint64 bswap_64(uint64 x) {
 #endif
 
 // ===================================================================
+// from google3/util/bits/bits.h
+
+class Bits {
+ public:
+  static uint32 Log2FloorNonZero(uint32 n) {
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+  return 31 ^ __builtin_clz(n);
+#elif defined(COMPILER_MSVC) && defined(_M_IX86)
+  _asm {
+    bsr ebx, n
+    mov n, ebx
+  }
+  return n;
+#else
+  return Log2FloorNonZero_Portable(n);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  static uint64 Log2FloorNonZero64(uint64 n) {
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+  return 63 ^ __builtin_clzll(n);
+#else
+  return Log2FloorNonZero64_Portable(n);
+#endif
+  }
+ private:
+  static int Log2FloorNonZero_Portable(uint32 n) {
+    if (n == 0)
+      return -1;
+    int log = 0;
+    uint32 value = n;
+    for (int i = 4; i >= 0; --i) {
+      int shift = (1 << i);
+      uint32 x = value >> shift;
+      if (x != 0) {
+        value = x;
+        log += shift;
+      }
+    }
+    assert(value == 1);
+    return log;
+  }
+
+  static int Log2FloorNonZero64_Portable(uint64 n) {
+    const uint32 topbits = static_cast<uint32>(n >> 32);
+    if (topbits == 0) {
+      // Top bits are zero, so scan in bottom bits
+      return Log2FloorNonZero(static_cast<uint32>(n));
+    } else {
+      return 32 + Log2FloorNonZero(topbits);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// ===================================================================
 // from google3/util/endian/endian.h
 LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT uint32 ghtonl(uint32 x);
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc
index 7ba92e8f..4fa8e99f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc
@@ -93,6 +93,21 @@ void StripString(string* s, const char* remove, char replacewith) {
   }
 }
 
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ReplaceCharacters
+//    Replaces any occurrence of the character 'remove' (or the characters
+//    in 'remove') with the character 'replacewith'.
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+void ReplaceCharacters(string *s, const char *remove, char replacewith) {
+  const char *str_start = s->c_str();
+  const char *str = str_start;
+  for (str = strpbrk(str, remove);
+       str != NULL;
+       str = strpbrk(str + 1, remove)) {
+    (*s)[str - str_start] = replacewith;
+  }
+}
+
 void StripWhitespace(string* str) {
   int str_length = str->length();
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h
index 8bdd6110..df28c94d 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ inline string StripSuffixString(const string& str, const string& suffix) {
 }
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-// StripString
+// ReplaceCharacters
 //    Replaces any occurrence of the character 'remove' (or the characters
 //    in 'remove') with the character 'replacewith'.
 //    Good for keeping html characters or protocol characters (\t) out
@@ -155,6 +155,8 @@ inline string StripSuffixString(const string& str, const string& suffix) {
 // StripWhitespace
 //    Removes whitespaces from both ends of the given string.
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void ReplaceCharacters(string* s, const char* remove,
+                                          char replacewith);
 LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT void StripString(string* s, const char* remove,
                                     char replacewith);
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc b/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc
index 66b2648b..5192eca9 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc
@@ -393,6 +393,16 @@ class TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl {
       DO(ConsumeAnyValue(full_type_name,
                          message->GetDescriptor()->file()->pool(),
                          &serialized_value));
+      if (singular_overwrite_policy_ == FORBID_SINGULAR_OVERWRITES) {
+        // Fail if any_type_url_field has already been specified.
+        if ((!any_type_url_field->is_repeated() &&
+             reflection->HasField(*message, any_type_url_field)) ||
+            (!any_value_field->is_repeated() &&
+             reflection->HasField(*message, any_value_field))) {
+          ReportError("Non-repeated Any specified multiple times.");
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
       reflection->SetString(
           message, any_type_url_field,
           string(prefix + full_type_name));
@@ -515,18 +525,21 @@ class TextFormat::Parser::ParserImpl {
     }
 
     if (field->is_repeated() && TryConsume("[")) {
-      // Short repeated format, e.g.  "foo: [1, 2, 3]"
-      while (true) {
-        if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
-          // Perform special handling for embedded message types.
-          DO(ConsumeFieldMessage(message, reflection, field));
-        } else {
-          DO(ConsumeFieldValue(message, reflection, field));
-        }
-        if (TryConsume("]")) {
-          break;
+      // Short repeated format, e.g.  "foo: [1, 2, 3]".
+      if (!TryConsume("]")) {
+        // "foo: []" is treated as empty.
+        while (true) {
+          if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
+            // Perform special handling for embedded message types.
+            DO(ConsumeFieldMessage(message, reflection, field));
+          } else {
+            DO(ConsumeFieldValue(message, reflection, field));
+          }
+          if (TryConsume("]")) {
+            break;
+          }
+          DO(Consume(","));
         }
-        DO(Consume(","));
       }
     } else if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
       DO(ConsumeFieldMessage(message, reflection, field));
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/text_format.h b/src/google/protobuf/text_format.h
index ef3d4a8f..2873d339 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/text_format.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/text_format.h
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT TextFormat {
                                  io::ZeroCopyOutputStream* output);
 
   // Like Print(), but outputs directly to a string.
+  // Note: output will be cleared before prior to printing, and will
+  // be left empty even if printing fails.
   static bool PrintToString(const Message& message, string* output);
 
   // Like PrintUnknownFields(), but outputs directly to a string.
@@ -301,8 +303,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT TextFormat {
     int64 truncate_string_field_longer_than_;
 
     google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<const FieldValuePrinter> default_field_value_printer_;
-    typedef map<const FieldDescriptor*,
-                const FieldValuePrinter*> CustomPrinterMap;
+    typedef std::map<const FieldDescriptor*,
+                     const FieldValuePrinter*> CustomPrinterMap;
     CustomPrinterMap custom_printers_;
   };
 
@@ -391,11 +393,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT TextFormat {
     ParseInfoTree* CreateNested(const FieldDescriptor* field);
 
     // Defines the map from the index-th field descriptor to its parse location.
-    typedef map<const FieldDescriptor*, vector<ParseLocation> > LocationMap;
+    typedef std::map<const FieldDescriptor*,
+                     std::vector<ParseLocation> > LocationMap;
 
     // Defines the map from the index-th field descriptor to the nested parse
     // info tree.
-    typedef map<const FieldDescriptor*, vector<ParseInfoTree*> > NestedMap;
+    typedef std::map<const FieldDescriptor*,
+                     std::vector<ParseInfoTree*> > NestedMap;
 
     LocationMap locations_;
     NestedMap nested_;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc b/src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc
index c9521cc3..2f1bd455 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/text_format_unittest.cc
@@ -157,7 +157,21 @@ TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ShortPrimitiveRepeateds) {
   TextFormat::Printer printer;
   printer.SetUseShortRepeatedPrimitives(true);
   string text;
-  printer.PrintToString(proto_, &text);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.PrintToString(proto_, &text));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("optional_int32: 123\n"
+            "repeated_int32: [456, 789]\n"
+            "repeated_string: \"foo\"\n"
+            "repeated_string: \"bar\"\n"
+            "repeated_nested_message {\n  bb: 2\n}\n"
+            "repeated_nested_message {\n  bb: 3\n}\n"
+            "repeated_nested_enum: [FOO, BAR]\n",
+            text);
+
+  // Verify that any existing data in the string is cleared when
+  // PrintToString() is called.
+  text = "just some data here...\n\nblah blah";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.PrintToString(proto_, &text));
 
   EXPECT_EQ("optional_int32: 123\n"
             "repeated_int32: [456, 789]\n"
@@ -170,7 +184,7 @@ TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ShortPrimitiveRepeateds) {
 
   // Try in single-line mode.
   printer.SetSingleLineMode(true);
-  printer.PrintToString(proto_, &text);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(printer.PrintToString(proto_, &text));
 
   EXPECT_EQ("optional_int32: 123 "
             "repeated_int32: [456, 789] "
@@ -659,6 +673,87 @@ TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseShortRepeatedForm) {
   EXPECT_EQ(4, proto_.repeatedgroup(1).a());
 }
 
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseShortRepeatedWithTrailingComma) {
+  string parse_string = "repeated_int32: [456,]\n";
+  ASSERT_FALSE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+  parse_string = "repeated_nested_enum: [  FOO , ]";
+  ASSERT_FALSE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+  parse_string = "repeated_string: [ \"foo\", ]";
+  ASSERT_FALSE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+  parse_string = "repeated_nested_message: [ { bb: 1 }, ]";
+  ASSERT_FALSE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+  parse_string = "RepeatedGroup [{ a: 3 },]\n";
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseShortRepeatedEmpty) {
+  string parse_string =
+      "repeated_int32: []\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: []\n"
+      "repeated_string: []\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message: []\n"
+      "RepeatedGroup []\n";
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, proto_.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, proto_.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, proto_.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, proto_.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, proto_.repeatedgroup_size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TextFormatTest, ParseShortRepeatedConcatenatedWithEmpty) {
+  string parse_string =
+      // Starting with empty [] should have no impact.
+      "repeated_int32: []\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: []\n"
+      "repeated_string: []\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message: []\n"
+      "RepeatedGroup []\n"
+      // Mixed short-form and long-form are simply concatenated.
+      "repeated_int32: 1\n"
+      "repeated_int32: [456, 789]\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: [  FOO ,BAR, # comment\n"
+      "                         3]\n"
+      // Note that while the printer won't print repeated strings in short-form,
+      // the parser will accept them.
+      "repeated_string: [ \"foo\", 'bar' ]\n"
+      // Repeated message
+      "repeated_nested_message: [ { bb: 1 }, { bb : 2 }]\n"
+      // Repeated group
+      "RepeatedGroup [{ a: 3 },{ a: 4 }]\n"
+      // Adding empty [] should have no impact.
+      "repeated_int32: []\n"
+      "repeated_nested_enum: []\n"
+      "repeated_string: []\n"
+      "repeated_nested_message: []\n"
+      "RepeatedGroup []\n";
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::ParseFromString(parse_string, &proto_));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, proto_.repeated_int32_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, proto_.repeated_int32(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(456, proto_.repeated_int32(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(789, proto_.repeated_int32(2));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(3, proto_.repeated_nested_enum_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::FOO, proto_.repeated_nested_enum(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAR, proto_.repeated_nested_enum(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(unittest::TestAllTypes::BAZ, proto_.repeated_nested_enum(2));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, proto_.repeated_string_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ("foo", proto_.repeated_string(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("bar", proto_.repeated_string(1));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, proto_.repeated_nested_message_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, proto_.repeated_nested_message(0).bb());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, proto_.repeated_nested_message(1).bb());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2, proto_.repeatedgroup_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, proto_.repeatedgroup(0).a());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, proto_.repeatedgroup(1).a());
+}
+
 
 TEST_F(TextFormatTest, Comments) {
   // Test that comments are ignored.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc
index e6c9c58b..54c6e868 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.cc
@@ -44,20 +44,19 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto() {
   Timestamp_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Timestamp_descriptor_,
-      Timestamp::default_instance_,
+      Timestamp::internal_default_instance(),
       Timestamp_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Timestamp),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Timestamp, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Timestamp, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Timestamp, _internal_metadata_));
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
-inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto);
 }
@@ -66,37 +65,48 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Timestamp_descriptor_, &Timestamp::default_instance());
+      Timestamp_descriptor_, Timestamp::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto() {
-  delete Timestamp::default_instance_;
   delete Timestamp_reflection_;
 }
 
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto() {
-  static bool already_here = false;
-  if (already_here) return;
-  already_here = true;
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_impl() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  Timestamp::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  Timestamp::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_impl);
+}
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_impl() {
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
     "\n\037google/protobuf/timestamp.proto\022\017googl"
     "e.protobuf\"+\n\tTimestamp\022\017\n\007seconds\030\001 \001(\003"
-    "\022\r\n\005nanos\030\002 \001(\005B\201\001\n\023com.google.protobufB"
-    "\016TimestampProtoP\001Z+github.com/golang/pro"
-    "tobuf/ptypes/timestamp\240\001\001\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Goo"
-    "gle.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 235);
+    "\022\r\n\005nanos\030\002 \001(\005B~\n\023com.google.protobufB\016"
+    "TimestampProtoP\001Z+github.com/golang/prot"
+    "obuf/ptypes/timestamp\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google."
+    "Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 231);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
-  Timestamp::default_instance_ = new Timestamp();
-  Timestamp::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto);
 }
 
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_impl);
+}
 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto {
   StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto() {
@@ -104,6 +114,16 @@ struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto {
   }
 } static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_;
 
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
@@ -113,35 +133,36 @@ const int Timestamp::kNanosFieldNumber;
 
 Timestamp::Timestamp()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
 }
-
 Timestamp::Timestamp(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
   _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
   SharedCtor();
   RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
 }
 
 void Timestamp::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 Timestamp::Timestamp(const Timestamp& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
 }
 
 void Timestamp::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
+  ::memset(&seconds_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&nanos_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&seconds_) + sizeof(nanos_));
   _cached_size_ = 0;
-  seconds_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
-  nanos_ = 0;
 }
 
 Timestamp::~Timestamp() {
@@ -150,12 +171,11 @@ Timestamp::~Timestamp() {
 }
 
 void Timestamp::SharedDtor() {
-  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void Timestamp::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
@@ -175,11 +195,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Timestamp::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Timestamp& Timestamp::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Timestamp* Timestamp::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Timestamp> Timestamp::default_instance_;
 
 Timestamp* Timestamp::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<Timestamp>(arena);
@@ -223,10 +243,10 @@ bool Timestamp::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional int64 seconds = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 8) {
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int64, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT64>(
                  input, &seconds_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -238,10 +258,10 @@ bool Timestamp::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 16) {
          parse_nanos:
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &nanos_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -304,9 +324,9 @@ void Timestamp::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Timestamp::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Timestamp::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional int64 seconds = 1;
   if (this->seconds() != 0) {
@@ -322,18 +342,17 @@ int Timestamp::ByteSize() const {
         this->nanos());
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Timestamp::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Timestamp* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Timestamp* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Timestamp>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -341,15 +360,21 @@ void Timestamp::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Timestamp::MergeFrom(const Timestamp& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Timestamp::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Timestamp& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.seconds() != 0) {
     set_seconds(from.seconds());
   }
@@ -369,7 +394,7 @@ void Timestamp::CopyFrom(const Timestamp& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Timestamp)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Timestamp::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -383,7 +408,7 @@ void Timestamp::Swap(Timestamp* other) {
     InternalSwap(other);
   } else {
     Timestamp temp;
-    temp.MergeFrom(*this);
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
     CopyFrom(*other);
     other->CopyFrom(temp);
   }
@@ -415,11 +440,11 @@ void Timestamp::InternalSwap(Timestamp* other) {
 void Timestamp::clear_seconds() {
   seconds_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int64 Timestamp::seconds() const {
+::google::protobuf::int64 Timestamp::seconds() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Timestamp.seconds)
   return seconds_;
 }
- void Timestamp::set_seconds(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
+void Timestamp::set_seconds(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
   
   seconds_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Timestamp.seconds)
@@ -429,11 +454,11 @@ void Timestamp::clear_seconds() {
 void Timestamp::clear_nanos() {
   nanos_ = 0;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 Timestamp::nanos() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 Timestamp::nanos() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Timestamp.nanos)
   return nanos_;
 }
- void Timestamp::set_nanos(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void Timestamp::set_nanos(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   
   nanos_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Timestamp.nanos)
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h
index 2d685120..acc1e7d3 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ namespace protobuf {
 
 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
 void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
 
@@ -60,6 +61,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Timestamp : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Timestamp& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Timestamp* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void UnsafeArenaSwap(Timestamp* other);
   void Swap(Timestamp* other);
 
@@ -75,7 +80,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Timestamp : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -91,6 +96,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Timestamp : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Timestamp* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Timestamp& from);
   protected:
   explicit Timestamp(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
@@ -130,16 +136,16 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Timestamp : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
   typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
   typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   ::google::protobuf::int64 seconds_;
   ::google::protobuf::int32 nanos_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftimestamp_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Timestamp* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Timestamp> default_instance_;
 };
 // ===================================================================
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto b/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
index 7992a858..67e2eba4 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/timestamp.proto
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/timestamp";
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "TimestampProto";
 option java_multiple_files = true;
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
 
 // A Timestamp represents a point in time independent of any time zone
@@ -90,16 +89,14 @@ option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
 //
 // Example 5: Compute Timestamp from current time in Python.
 //
-//     now = time.time()
-//     seconds = int(now)
-//     nanos = int((now - seconds) * 10**9)
-//     timestamp = Timestamp(seconds=seconds, nanos=nanos)
+//     timestamp = Timestamp()
+//     timestamp.GetCurrentTime()
 //
 //
 message Timestamp {
 
   // Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch
-  // 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
+  // 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to
   // 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive.
   int64 seconds = 1;
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.cc
index fc7d5332..0c6de296 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.cc
@@ -63,14 +63,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
   Type_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Type_descriptor_,
-      Type::default_instance_,
+      Type::internal_default_instance(),
       Type_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Type),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Type, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Type, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Type, _internal_metadata_));
   Field_descriptor_ = file->message_type(1);
   static const int Field_offsets_[10] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, kind_),
@@ -87,14 +86,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
   Field_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Field_descriptor_,
-      Field::default_instance_,
+      Field::internal_default_instance(),
       Field_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Field),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Field, _internal_metadata_));
   Field_Kind_descriptor_ = Field_descriptor_->enum_type(0);
   Field_Cardinality_descriptor_ = Field_descriptor_->enum_type(1);
   Enum_descriptor_ = file->message_type(2);
@@ -108,14 +106,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
   Enum_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Enum_descriptor_,
-      Enum::default_instance_,
+      Enum::internal_default_instance(),
       Enum_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Enum),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Enum, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Enum, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Enum, _internal_metadata_));
   EnumValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(3);
   static const int EnumValue_offsets_[3] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValue, name_),
@@ -125,14 +122,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
   EnumValue_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       EnumValue_descriptor_,
-      EnumValue::default_instance_,
+      EnumValue::internal_default_instance(),
       EnumValue_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(EnumValue),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValue, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValue, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(EnumValue, _internal_metadata_));
   Option_descriptor_ = file->message_type(4);
   static const int Option_offsets_[2] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Option, name_),
@@ -141,21 +137,20 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
   Option_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Option_descriptor_,
-      Option::default_instance_,
+      Option::internal_default_instance(),
       Option_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Option),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Option, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Option, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Option, _internal_metadata_));
   Syntax_descriptor_ = file->enum_type(0);
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
-inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto);
 }
@@ -164,41 +159,58 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Type_descriptor_, &Type::default_instance());
+      Type_descriptor_, Type::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Field_descriptor_, &Field::default_instance());
+      Field_descriptor_, Field::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Enum_descriptor_, &Enum::default_instance());
+      Enum_descriptor_, Enum::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      EnumValue_descriptor_, &EnumValue::default_instance());
+      EnumValue_descriptor_, EnumValue::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Option_descriptor_, &Option::default_instance());
+      Option_descriptor_, Option::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
-  delete Type::default_instance_;
   delete Type_reflection_;
-  delete Field::default_instance_;
   delete Field_reflection_;
-  delete Enum::default_instance_;
   delete Enum_reflection_;
-  delete EnumValue::default_instance_;
   delete EnumValue_reflection_;
-  delete Option::default_instance_;
   delete Option_reflection_;
 }
 
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
-  static bool already_here = false;
-  if (already_here) return;
-  already_here = true;
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl() {
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 
-  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
-  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  Type::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  Field::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  Enum::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  EnumValue::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  Option::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  Type::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Field::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Enum::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  EnumValue::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Option::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl);
+}
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
     "\n\032google/protobuf/type.proto\022\017google.pro"
     "tobuf\032\031google/protobuf/any.proto\032$google"
@@ -237,23 +249,20 @@ void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
     "\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \001(\t\022#\n\005value\030\002 \001(\0132\024.google.p"
     "rotobuf.Any*.\n\006Syntax\022\021\n\rSYNTAX_PROTO2\020\000"
     "\022\021\n\rSYNTAX_PROTO3\020\001BL\n\023com.google.protob"
-    "ufB\tTypeProtoP\001\240\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protob"
+    "ufB\tTypeProtoP\001\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protob"
     "uf.WellKnownTypesb\006proto3", 1545);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/type.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
-  Type::default_instance_ = new Type();
-  Field::default_instance_ = new Field();
-  Enum::default_instance_ = new Enum();
-  EnumValue::default_instance_ = new EnumValue();
-  Option::default_instance_ = new Option();
-  Type::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  Field::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  Enum::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  EnumValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  Option::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fany_2eproto();
+  ::google::protobuf::protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fsource_5fcontext_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto);
 }
 
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl);
+}
 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto {
   StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto() {
@@ -265,7 +274,7 @@ const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* Syntax_descriptor() {
   return Syntax_descriptor_;
 }
 bool Syntax_IsValid(int value) {
-  switch(value) {
+  switch (value) {
     case 0:
     case 1:
       return true;
@@ -275,8 +284,51 @@ bool Syntax_IsValid(int value) {
 }
 
 
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
 // ===================================================================
 
+void Type::_slow_mutable_source_context() {
+  source_context_ = ::google::protobuf::Arena::Create< ::google::protobuf::SourceContext >(
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Type::_slow_release_source_context() {
+  if (source_context_ == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = new ::google::protobuf::SourceContext(*source_context_);
+    source_context_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  }
+}
+::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Type::unsafe_arena_release_source_context() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+  
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+void Type::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_source_context(
+    ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  if (source_context) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
+}
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
 const int Type::kNameFieldNumber;
 const int Type::kFieldsFieldNumber;
@@ -288,30 +340,42 @@ const int Type::kSyntaxFieldNumber;
 
 Type::Type()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Type)
 }
+Type::Type(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  fields_(arena),
+  oneofs_(arena),
+  options_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Type)
+}
 
 void Type::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
-  source_context_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::SourceContext*>(&::google::protobuf::SourceContext::default_instance());
+  source_context_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::SourceContext*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::SourceContext::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 Type::Type(const Type& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Type)
 }
 
 void Type::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   source_context_ = NULL;
   syntax_ = 0;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 Type::~Type() {
@@ -320,12 +384,21 @@ Type::~Type() {
 }
 
 void Type::SharedDtor() {
-  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-    delete source_context_;
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    return;
   }
+
+  name_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);
+  delete source_context_;
 }
 
+void Type::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Type* _this = reinterpret_cast< Type* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Type::RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
+}
 void Type::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
   _cached_size_ = size;
@@ -337,23 +410,19 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Type::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Type& Type::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Type* Type::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Type> Type::default_instance_;
 
 Type* Type::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
-  Type* n = new Type;
-  if (arena != NULL) {
-    arena->Own(n);
-  }
-  return n;
+  return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<Type>(arena);
 }
 
 void Type::Clear() {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Type)
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
   source_context_ = NULL;
   syntax_ = 0;
@@ -597,9 +666,9 @@ void Type::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Type::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Type::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Type)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional string name = 1;
   if (this->name().size() > 0) {
@@ -622,40 +691,46 @@ int Type::ByteSize() const {
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
-  total_size += 1 * this->fields_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->fields_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->fields(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->fields_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->fields(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated string oneofs = 3;
-  total_size += 1 * this->oneofs_size();
+  total_size += 1 *
+      ::google::protobuf::internal::FromIntSize(this->oneofs_size());
   for (int i = 0; i < this->oneofs_size(); i++) {
     total_size += ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
       this->oneofs(i));
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 4;
-  total_size += 1 * this->options_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->options_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->options(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->options_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->options(i));
+    }
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Type::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Type)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Type* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Type* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Type>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -663,21 +738,26 @@ void Type::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Type)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Type::MergeFrom(const Type& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Type)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Type::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Type& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   fields_.MergeFrom(from.fields_);
-  oneofs_.MergeFrom(from.oneofs_);
+  oneofs_.UnsafeMergeFrom(from.oneofs_);
   options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
   if (from.name().size() > 0) {
-
-    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+    set_name(from.name());
   }
   if (from.has_source_context()) {
     mutable_source_context()->::google::protobuf::SourceContext::MergeFrom(from.source_context());
@@ -698,7 +778,7 @@ void Type::CopyFrom(const Type& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Type)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Type::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -708,6 +788,18 @@ bool Type::IsInitialized() const {
 
 void Type::Swap(Type* other) {
   if (other == this) return;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  } else {
+    Type temp;
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
+    CopyFrom(*other);
+    other->CopyFrom(temp);
+  }
+}
+void Type::UnsafeArenaSwap(Type* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
   InternalSwap(other);
 }
 void Type::InternalSwap(Type* other) {
@@ -734,47 +826,69 @@ void Type::InternalSwap(Type* other) {
 
 // optional string name = 1;
 void Type::clear_name() {
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- const ::std::string& Type::name() const {
+const ::std::string& Type::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.name)
-  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Type::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Type::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Type.name)
 }
- void Type::set_name(const char* value) {
+void Type::set_name(const char* value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Type.name)
 }
- void Type::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Type::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.name)
 }
- ::std::string* Type::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* Type::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.name)
-  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- ::std::string* Type::release_name() {
+::std::string* Type::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Type.name)
   
-  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- void Type::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+::std::string* Type::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+void Type::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     
   } else {
     
   }
-  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.name)
 }
+void Type::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    ::std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
 
 // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
 int Type::fields_size() const {
@@ -813,49 +927,49 @@ int Type::oneofs_size() const {
 void Type::clear_oneofs() {
   oneofs_.Clear();
 }
- const ::std::string& Type::oneofs(int index) const {
+const ::std::string& Type::oneofs(int index) const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
   return oneofs_.Get(index);
 }
- ::std::string* Type::mutable_oneofs(int index) {
+::std::string* Type::mutable_oneofs(int index) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
   return oneofs_.Mutable(index);
 }
- void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
+void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const ::std::string& value) {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
   oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
 }
- void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const char* value) {
+void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const char* value) {
   oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
 }
- void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Type::set_oneofs(int index, const char* value, size_t size) {
   oneofs_.Mutable(index)->assign(
     reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
 }
- ::std::string* Type::add_oneofs() {
+::std::string* Type::add_oneofs() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
   return oneofs_.Add();
 }
- void Type::add_oneofs(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Type::add_oneofs(const ::std::string& value) {
   oneofs_.Add()->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
 }
- void Type::add_oneofs(const char* value) {
+void Type::add_oneofs(const char* value) {
   oneofs_.Add()->assign(value);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_char:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
 }
- void Type::add_oneofs(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Type::add_oneofs(const char* value, size_t size) {
   oneofs_.Add()->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_add_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
 }
- const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
+const ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>&
 Type::oneofs() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_list:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
   return oneofs_;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
+::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string>*
 Type::mutable_oneofs() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable_list:google.protobuf.Type.oneofs)
   return &oneofs_;
@@ -893,7 +1007,7 @@ Type::options() const {
 
 // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
 bool Type::has_source_context() const {
-  return !_is_default_instance_ && source_context_ != NULL;
+  return this != internal_default_instance() && source_context_ != NULL;
 }
 void Type::clear_source_context() {
   if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
@@ -901,12 +1015,13 @@ void Type::clear_source_context() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Type::source_context() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
-  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_ : *default_instance_->source_context_;
+  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::SourceContext::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Type::mutable_source_context() {
   
   if (source_context_ == NULL) {
-    source_context_ = new ::google::protobuf::SourceContext;
+    _slow_mutable_source_context();
   }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
   return source_context_;
@@ -914,12 +1029,24 @@ const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Type::source_context() const {
 ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Type::release_source_context() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
   
-  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
-  source_context_ = NULL;
-  return temp;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+    return _slow_release_source_context();
+  } else {
+    ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+    source_context_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  }
 }
-void Type::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
-  delete source_context_;
+ void Type::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == NULL) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  if (source_context != NULL) {
+    if (message_arena != NULL) {
+      message_arena->Own(source_context);
+    }
+  }
   source_context_ = source_context;
   if (source_context) {
     
@@ -933,11 +1060,11 @@ void Type::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* sourc
 void Type::clear_syntax() {
   syntax_ = 0;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::Syntax Type::syntax() const {
+::google::protobuf::Syntax Type::syntax() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.syntax)
   return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Syntax >(syntax_);
 }
- void Type::set_syntax(::google::protobuf::Syntax value) {
+void Type::set_syntax(::google::protobuf::Syntax value) {
   
   syntax_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Type.syntax)
@@ -952,7 +1079,7 @@ const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* Field_Kind_descriptor() {
   return Field_Kind_descriptor_;
 }
 bool Field_Kind_IsValid(int value) {
-  switch(value) {
+  switch (value) {
     case 0:
     case 1:
     case 2:
@@ -1007,7 +1134,7 @@ const ::google::protobuf::EnumDescriptor* Field_Cardinality_descriptor() {
   return Field_Cardinality_descriptor_;
 }
 bool Field_Cardinality_IsValid(int value) {
-  switch(value) {
+  switch (value) {
     case 0:
     case 1:
     case 2:
@@ -1042,35 +1169,41 @@ const int Field::kDefaultValueFieldNumber;
 
 Field::Field()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Field)
 }
+Field::Field(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  options_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Field)
+}
 
 void Field::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 Field::Field(const Field& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Field)
 }
 
 void Field::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
-  kind_ = 0;
-  cardinality_ = 0;
-  number_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   type_url_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  oneof_index_ = 0;
-  packed_ = false;
   json_name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   default_value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ::memset(&kind_, 0, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&packed_) -
+    reinterpret_cast<char*>(&kind_) + sizeof(packed_));
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 Field::~Field() {
@@ -1079,14 +1212,23 @@ Field::~Field() {
 }
 
 void Field::SharedDtor() {
-  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  type_url_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  json_name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  default_value_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    return;
   }
+
+  name_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);
+  type_url_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);
+  json_name_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);
+  default_value_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);
 }
 
+void Field::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Field* _this = reinterpret_cast< Field* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Field::RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
+}
 void Field::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
   _cached_size_ = size;
@@ -1098,18 +1240,14 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Field::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Field& Field::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Field* Field::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Field> Field::default_instance_;
 
 Field* Field::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
-  Field* n = new Field;
-  if (arena != NULL) {
-    arena->Own(n);
-  }
-  return n;
+  return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<Field>(arena);
 }
 
 void Field::Clear() {
@@ -1130,13 +1268,11 @@ void Field::Clear() {
            ZR_HELPER_(last) - ZR_HELPER_(first) + sizeof(last));\
 } while (0)
 
-  ZR_(kind_, cardinality_);
-  ZR_(number_, oneof_index_);
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  packed_ = false;
-  json_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  default_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  ZR_(kind_, packed_);
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  type_url_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  json_name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  default_value_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 
 #undef ZR_HELPER_
 #undef ZR_
@@ -1189,10 +1325,10 @@ bool Field::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 3: {
         if (tag == 24) {
          parse_number:
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &number_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -1238,10 +1374,10 @@ bool Field::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 7: {
         if (tag == 56) {
          parse_oneof_index:
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &oneof_index_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -1253,10 +1389,10 @@ bool Field::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 8: {
         if (tag == 64) {
          parse_packed:
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &packed_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -1501,9 +1637,9 @@ void Field::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Field::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Field::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Field)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.Field.Kind kind = 1;
   if (this->kind() != 0) {
@@ -1565,25 +1701,27 @@ int Field::ByteSize() const {
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 9;
-  total_size += 1 * this->options_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->options_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->options(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->options_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->options(i));
+    }
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Field::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Field)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Field* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Field* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Field>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -1591,15 +1729,21 @@ void Field::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Field)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Field::MergeFrom(const Field& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Field)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Field::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Field& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
   if (from.kind() != 0) {
     set_kind(from.kind());
@@ -1611,12 +1755,10 @@ void Field::MergeFrom(const Field& from) {
     set_number(from.number());
   }
   if (from.name().size() > 0) {
-
-    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+    set_name(from.name());
   }
   if (from.type_url().size() > 0) {
-
-    type_url_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.type_url_);
+    set_type_url(from.type_url());
   }
   if (from.oneof_index() != 0) {
     set_oneof_index(from.oneof_index());
@@ -1625,12 +1767,10 @@ void Field::MergeFrom(const Field& from) {
     set_packed(from.packed());
   }
   if (from.json_name().size() > 0) {
-
-    json_name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.json_name_);
+    set_json_name(from.json_name());
   }
   if (from.default_value().size() > 0) {
-
-    default_value_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.default_value_);
+    set_default_value(from.default_value());
   }
 }
 
@@ -1645,7 +1785,7 @@ void Field::CopyFrom(const Field& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Field)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Field::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1655,6 +1795,18 @@ bool Field::IsInitialized() const {
 
 void Field::Swap(Field* other) {
   if (other == this) return;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  } else {
+    Field temp;
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
+    CopyFrom(*other);
+    other->CopyFrom(temp);
+  }
+}
+void Field::UnsafeArenaSwap(Field* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
   InternalSwap(other);
 }
 void Field::InternalSwap(Field* other) {
@@ -1687,11 +1839,11 @@ void Field::InternalSwap(Field* other) {
 void Field::clear_kind() {
   kind_ = 0;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::Field_Kind Field::kind() const {
+::google::protobuf::Field_Kind Field::kind() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.kind)
   return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Field_Kind >(kind_);
 }
- void Field::set_kind(::google::protobuf::Field_Kind value) {
+void Field::set_kind(::google::protobuf::Field_Kind value) {
   
   kind_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.kind)
@@ -1701,11 +1853,11 @@ void Field::clear_kind() {
 void Field::clear_cardinality() {
   cardinality_ = 0;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality Field::cardinality() const {
+::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality Field::cardinality() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.cardinality)
   return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality >(cardinality_);
 }
- void Field::set_cardinality(::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality value) {
+void Field::set_cardinality(::google::protobuf::Field_Cardinality value) {
   
   cardinality_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.cardinality)
@@ -1715,11 +1867,11 @@ void Field::clear_cardinality() {
 void Field::clear_number() {
   number_ = 0;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 Field::number() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 Field::number() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.number)
   return number_;
 }
- void Field::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void Field::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   
   number_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.number)
@@ -1727,101 +1879,145 @@ void Field::clear_number() {
 
 // optional string name = 4;
 void Field::clear_name() {
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- const ::std::string& Field::name() const {
+const ::std::string& Field::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.name)
-  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Field::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Field::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.name)
 }
- void Field::set_name(const char* value) {
+void Field::set_name(const char* value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.name)
 }
- void Field::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Field::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.name)
 }
- ::std::string* Field::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* Field::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.name)
-  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- ::std::string* Field::release_name() {
+::std::string* Field::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Field.name)
   
-  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- void Field::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+::std::string* Field::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+void Field::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     
   } else {
     
   }
-  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.name)
 }
+void Field::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    ::std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
 
 // optional string type_url = 6;
 void Field::clear_type_url() {
-  type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  type_url_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- const ::std::string& Field::type_url() const {
+const ::std::string& Field::type_url() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
-  return type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return type_url_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Field::set_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Field::set_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  type_url_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
 }
- void Field::set_type_url(const char* value) {
+void Field::set_type_url(const char* value) {
   
-  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  type_url_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
 }
- void Field::set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Field::set_type_url(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  type_url_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
 }
- ::std::string* Field::mutable_type_url() {
+::std::string* Field::mutable_type_url() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
-  return type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return type_url_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- ::std::string* Field::release_type_url() {
+::std::string* Field::release_type_url() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
   
-  return type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return type_url_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- void Field::set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url) {
+::std::string* Field::unsafe_arena_release_type_url() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return type_url_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+void Field::set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url) {
   if (type_url != NULL) {
     
   } else {
     
   }
-  type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), type_url);
+  type_url_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), type_url,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
 }
+void Field::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_type_url(
+    ::std::string* type_url) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (type_url != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  type_url_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      type_url, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
 
 // optional int32 oneof_index = 7;
 void Field::clear_oneof_index() {
   oneof_index_ = 0;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 Field::oneof_index() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 Field::oneof_index() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.oneof_index)
   return oneof_index_;
 }
- void Field::set_oneof_index(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void Field::set_oneof_index(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   
   oneof_index_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.oneof_index)
@@ -1831,11 +2027,11 @@ void Field::clear_oneof_index() {
 void Field::clear_packed() {
   packed_ = false;
 }
- bool Field::packed() const {
+bool Field::packed() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.packed)
   return packed_;
 }
- void Field::set_packed(bool value) {
+void Field::set_packed(bool value) {
   
   packed_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.packed)
@@ -1873,96 +2069,173 @@ Field::options() const {
 
 // optional string json_name = 10;
 void Field::clear_json_name() {
-  json_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  json_name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- const ::std::string& Field::json_name() const {
+const ::std::string& Field::json_name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
-  return json_name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return json_name_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Field::set_json_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Field::set_json_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  json_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  json_name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
 }
- void Field::set_json_name(const char* value) {
+void Field::set_json_name(const char* value) {
   
-  json_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  json_name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
 }
- void Field::set_json_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Field::set_json_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  json_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  json_name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
 }
- ::std::string* Field::mutable_json_name() {
+::std::string* Field::mutable_json_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
-  return json_name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return json_name_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- ::std::string* Field::release_json_name() {
+::std::string* Field::release_json_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
   
-  return json_name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return json_name_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+::std::string* Field::unsafe_arena_release_json_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return json_name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- void Field::set_allocated_json_name(::std::string* json_name) {
+void Field::set_allocated_json_name(::std::string* json_name) {
   if (json_name != NULL) {
     
   } else {
     
   }
-  json_name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), json_name);
+  json_name_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), json_name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
 }
+void Field::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_json_name(
+    ::std::string* json_name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (json_name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  json_name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      json_name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+}
 
 // optional string default_value = 11;
 void Field::clear_default_value() {
-  default_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  default_value_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- const ::std::string& Field::default_value() const {
+const ::std::string& Field::default_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
-  return default_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return default_value_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Field::set_default_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Field::set_default_value(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  default_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  default_value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
 }
- void Field::set_default_value(const char* value) {
+void Field::set_default_value(const char* value) {
   
-  default_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  default_value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
 }
- void Field::set_default_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Field::set_default_value(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  default_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  default_value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
 }
- ::std::string* Field::mutable_default_value() {
+::std::string* Field::mutable_default_value() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
-  return default_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return default_value_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- ::std::string* Field::release_default_value() {
+::std::string* Field::release_default_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
   
-  return default_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return default_value_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+::std::string* Field::unsafe_arena_release_default_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return default_value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- void Field::set_allocated_default_value(::std::string* default_value) {
+void Field::set_allocated_default_value(::std::string* default_value) {
   if (default_value != NULL) {
     
   } else {
     
   }
-  default_value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), default_value);
+  default_value_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), default_value,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
 }
+void Field::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_default_value(
+    ::std::string* default_value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (default_value != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  default_value_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      default_value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+}
 
 #endif  // PROTOBUF_INLINE_NOT_IN_HEADERS
 
 // ===================================================================
 
+void Enum::_slow_mutable_source_context() {
+  source_context_ = ::google::protobuf::Arena::Create< ::google::protobuf::SourceContext >(
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Enum::_slow_release_source_context() {
+  if (source_context_ == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = new ::google::protobuf::SourceContext(*source_context_);
+    source_context_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  }
+}
+::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Enum::unsafe_arena_release_source_context() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+  
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+  source_context_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+void Enum::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_source_context(
+    ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  source_context_ = source_context;
+  if (source_context) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
+}
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
 const int Enum::kNameFieldNumber;
 const int Enum::kEnumvalueFieldNumber;
@@ -1973,30 +2246,41 @@ const int Enum::kSyntaxFieldNumber;
 
 Enum::Enum()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Enum)
 }
+Enum::Enum(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  enumvalue_(arena),
+  options_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Enum)
+}
 
 void Enum::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
-  source_context_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::SourceContext*>(&::google::protobuf::SourceContext::default_instance());
+  source_context_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::SourceContext*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::SourceContext::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 Enum::Enum(const Enum& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Enum)
 }
 
 void Enum::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   source_context_ = NULL;
   syntax_ = 0;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 Enum::~Enum() {
@@ -2005,12 +2289,21 @@ Enum::~Enum() {
 }
 
 void Enum::SharedDtor() {
-  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-    delete source_context_;
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    return;
   }
+
+  name_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);
+  delete source_context_;
 }
 
+void Enum::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Enum* _this = reinterpret_cast< Enum* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Enum::RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
+}
 void Enum::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
   _cached_size_ = size;
@@ -2022,23 +2315,19 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Enum::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Enum& Enum::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Enum* Enum::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Enum> Enum::default_instance_;
 
 Enum* Enum::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
-  Enum* n = new Enum;
-  if (arena != NULL) {
-    arena->Own(n);
-  }
-  return n;
+  return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<Enum>(arena);
 }
 
 void Enum::Clear() {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
   source_context_ = NULL;
   syntax_ = 0;
@@ -2241,9 +2530,9 @@ void Enum::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Enum::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Enum::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional string name = 1;
   if (this->name().size() > 0) {
@@ -2266,33 +2555,38 @@ int Enum::ByteSize() const {
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
-  total_size += 1 * this->enumvalue_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->enumvalue_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->enumvalue(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->enumvalue_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->enumvalue(i));
+    }
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
-  total_size += 1 * this->options_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->options_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->options(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->options_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->options(i));
+    }
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Enum::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Enum* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Enum* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Enum>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -2300,20 +2594,25 @@ void Enum::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Enum)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Enum::MergeFrom(const Enum& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Enum::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Enum& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   enumvalue_.MergeFrom(from.enumvalue_);
   options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
   if (from.name().size() > 0) {
-
-    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+    set_name(from.name());
   }
   if (from.has_source_context()) {
     mutable_source_context()->::google::protobuf::SourceContext::MergeFrom(from.source_context());
@@ -2334,7 +2633,7 @@ void Enum::CopyFrom(const Enum& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Enum)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Enum::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -2344,6 +2643,18 @@ bool Enum::IsInitialized() const {
 
 void Enum::Swap(Enum* other) {
   if (other == this) return;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  } else {
+    Enum temp;
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
+    CopyFrom(*other);
+    other->CopyFrom(temp);
+  }
+}
+void Enum::UnsafeArenaSwap(Enum* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
   InternalSwap(other);
 }
 void Enum::InternalSwap(Enum* other) {
@@ -2369,47 +2680,69 @@ void Enum::InternalSwap(Enum* other) {
 
 // optional string name = 1;
 void Enum::clear_name() {
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- const ::std::string& Enum::name() const {
+const ::std::string& Enum::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
-  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Enum::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Enum::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
 }
- void Enum::set_name(const char* value) {
+void Enum::set_name(const char* value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
 }
- void Enum::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Enum::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
 }
- ::std::string* Enum::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* Enum::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
-  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- ::std::string* Enum::release_name() {
+::std::string* Enum::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
   
-  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+::std::string* Enum::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- void Enum::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+void Enum::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     
   } else {
     
   }
-  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
 }
+void Enum::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    ::std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
 
 // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
 int Enum::enumvalue_size() const {
@@ -2473,7 +2806,7 @@ Enum::options() const {
 
 // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
 bool Enum::has_source_context() const {
-  return !_is_default_instance_ && source_context_ != NULL;
+  return this != internal_default_instance() && source_context_ != NULL;
 }
 void Enum::clear_source_context() {
   if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
@@ -2481,12 +2814,13 @@ void Enum::clear_source_context() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Enum::source_context() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
-  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_ : *default_instance_->source_context_;
+  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::SourceContext::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Enum::mutable_source_context() {
   
   if (source_context_ == NULL) {
-    source_context_ = new ::google::protobuf::SourceContext;
+    _slow_mutable_source_context();
   }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
   return source_context_;
@@ -2494,12 +2828,24 @@ const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Enum::source_context() const {
 ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Enum::release_source_context() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
   
-  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
-  source_context_ = NULL;
-  return temp;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+    return _slow_release_source_context();
+  } else {
+    ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+    source_context_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  }
 }
-void Enum::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
-  delete source_context_;
+ void Enum::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == NULL) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  if (source_context != NULL) {
+    if (message_arena != NULL) {
+      message_arena->Own(source_context);
+    }
+  }
   source_context_ = source_context;
   if (source_context) {
     
@@ -2513,11 +2859,11 @@ void Enum::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* sourc
 void Enum::clear_syntax() {
   syntax_ = 0;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::Syntax Enum::syntax() const {
+::google::protobuf::Syntax Enum::syntax() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.syntax)
   return static_cast< ::google::protobuf::Syntax >(syntax_);
 }
- void Enum::set_syntax(::google::protobuf::Syntax value) {
+void Enum::set_syntax(::google::protobuf::Syntax value) {
   
   syntax_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Enum.syntax)
@@ -2535,28 +2881,37 @@ const int EnumValue::kOptionsFieldNumber;
 
 EnumValue::EnumValue()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
 }
+EnumValue::EnumValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena),
+  options_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
+}
 
 void EnumValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 EnumValue::EnumValue(const EnumValue& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
 }
 
 void EnumValue::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   number_ = 0;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 EnumValue::~EnumValue() {
@@ -2565,11 +2920,20 @@ EnumValue::~EnumValue() {
 }
 
 void EnumValue::SharedDtor() {
-  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    return;
   }
+
+  name_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);
 }
 
+void EnumValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  EnumValue* _this = reinterpret_cast< EnumValue* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void EnumValue::RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
+}
 void EnumValue::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
   _cached_size_ = size;
@@ -2581,23 +2945,19 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* EnumValue::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const EnumValue& EnumValue::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-EnumValue* EnumValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumValue> EnumValue::default_instance_;
 
 EnumValue* EnumValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
-  EnumValue* n = new EnumValue;
-  if (arena != NULL) {
-    arena->Own(n);
-  }
-  return n;
+  return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<EnumValue>(arena);
 }
 
 void EnumValue::Clear() {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   number_ = 0;
   options_.Clear();
 }
@@ -2632,10 +2992,10 @@ bool EnumValue::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       case 2: {
         if (tag == 16) {
          parse_number:
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &number_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -2739,9 +3099,9 @@ void EnumValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int EnumValue::ByteSize() const {
+size_t EnumValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional string name = 1;
   if (this->name().size() > 0) {
@@ -2758,25 +3118,27 @@ int EnumValue::ByteSize() const {
   }
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.Option options = 3;
-  total_size += 1 * this->options_size();
-  for (int i = 0; i < this->options_size(); i++) {
-    total_size +=
-      ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
-        this->options(i));
+  {
+    unsigned int count = this->options_size();
+    total_size += 1UL * count;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      total_size +=
+        ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+          this->options(i));
+    }
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void EnumValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const EnumValue* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const EnumValue* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const EnumValue>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -2784,19 +3146,24 @@ void EnumValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void EnumValue::MergeFrom(const EnumValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void EnumValue::UnsafeMergeFrom(const EnumValue& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   options_.MergeFrom(from.options_);
   if (from.name().size() > 0) {
-
-    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+    set_name(from.name());
   }
   if (from.number() != 0) {
     set_number(from.number());
@@ -2814,7 +3181,7 @@ void EnumValue::CopyFrom(const EnumValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.EnumValue)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool EnumValue::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -2824,6 +3191,18 @@ bool EnumValue::IsInitialized() const {
 
 void EnumValue::Swap(EnumValue* other) {
   if (other == this) return;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  } else {
+    EnumValue temp;
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
+    CopyFrom(*other);
+    other->CopyFrom(temp);
+  }
+}
+void EnumValue::UnsafeArenaSwap(EnumValue* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
   InternalSwap(other);
 }
 void EnumValue::InternalSwap(EnumValue* other) {
@@ -2847,57 +3226,79 @@ void EnumValue::InternalSwap(EnumValue* other) {
 
 // optional string name = 1;
 void EnumValue::clear_name() {
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- const ::std::string& EnumValue::name() const {
+const ::std::string& EnumValue::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
-  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void EnumValue::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void EnumValue::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
 }
- void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value) {
+void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
 }
- void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
 }
- ::std::string* EnumValue::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* EnumValue::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
-  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- ::std::string* EnumValue::release_name() {
+::std::string* EnumValue::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
   
-  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- void EnumValue::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+::std::string* EnumValue::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+void EnumValue::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     
   } else {
     
   }
-  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
 }
+void EnumValue::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    ::std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
 
 // optional int32 number = 2;
 void EnumValue::clear_number() {
   number_ = 0;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 EnumValue::number() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 EnumValue::number() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValue.number)
   return number_;
 }
- void EnumValue::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void EnumValue::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   
   number_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValue.number)
@@ -2937,6 +3338,39 @@ EnumValue::options() const {
 
 // ===================================================================
 
+void Option::_slow_mutable_value() {
+  value_ = ::google::protobuf::Arena::Create< ::google::protobuf::Any >(
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+::google::protobuf::Any* Option::_slow_release_value() {
+  if (value_ == NULL) {
+    return NULL;
+  } else {
+    ::google::protobuf::Any* temp = new ::google::protobuf::Any(*value_);
+    value_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  }
+}
+::google::protobuf::Any* Option::unsafe_arena_release_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+  
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* temp = value_;
+  value_ = NULL;
+  return temp;
+}
+void Option::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_value(
+    ::google::protobuf::Any* value) {
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL) {
+    delete value_;
+  }
+  value_ = value;
+  if (value) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.value)
+}
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
 const int Option::kNameFieldNumber;
 const int Option::kValueFieldNumber;
@@ -2944,29 +3378,38 @@ const int Option::kValueFieldNumber;
 
 Option::Option()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Option)
 }
+Option::Option(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
+  : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
+  _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  SharedCtor();
+  RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Option)
+}
 
 void Option::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
-  value_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::Any*>(&::google::protobuf::Any::default_instance());
+  value_ = const_cast< ::google::protobuf::Any*>(
+      ::google::protobuf::Any::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 Option::Option(const Option& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Option)
 }
 
 void Option::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   name_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
   value_ = NULL;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 Option::~Option() {
@@ -2975,12 +3418,21 @@ Option::~Option() {
 }
 
 void Option::SharedDtor() {
-  name_.DestroyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-    delete value_;
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
+    return;
   }
+
+  name_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);
+  delete value_;
 }
 
+void Option::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
+  Option* _this = reinterpret_cast< Option* >(object);
+  (void)_this;
+}
+void Option::RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) {
+}
 void Option::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
   _cached_size_ = size;
@@ -2992,23 +3444,19 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Option::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Option& Option::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Option* Option::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Option> Option::default_instance_;
 
 Option* Option::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
-  Option* n = new Option;
-  if (arena != NULL) {
-    arena->Own(n);
-  }
-  return n;
+  return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<Option>(arena);
 }
 
 void Option::Clear() {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_clear_start:google.protobuf.Option)
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && value_ != NULL) delete value_;
   value_ = NULL;
 }
@@ -3121,9 +3569,9 @@ void Option::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Option::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Option::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Option)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional string name = 1;
   if (this->name().size() > 0) {
@@ -3139,18 +3587,17 @@ int Option::ByteSize() const {
         *this->value_);
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Option::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Option)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Option* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Option* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Option>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -3158,18 +3605,23 @@ void Option::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Option)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Option::MergeFrom(const Option& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Option)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
-  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+}
 
-    name_.AssignWithDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), from.name_);
+void Option::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Option& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
+  if (from.name().size() > 0) {
+    set_name(from.name());
   }
   if (from.has_value()) {
     mutable_value()->::google::protobuf::Any::MergeFrom(from.value());
@@ -3187,7 +3639,7 @@ void Option::CopyFrom(const Option& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Option)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Option::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -3197,6 +3649,18 @@ bool Option::IsInitialized() const {
 
 void Option::Swap(Option* other) {
   if (other == this) return;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
+    InternalSwap(other);
+  } else {
+    Option temp;
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
+    CopyFrom(*other);
+    other->CopyFrom(temp);
+  }
+}
+void Option::UnsafeArenaSwap(Option* other) {
+  if (other == this) return;
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() == other->GetArenaNoVirtual());
   InternalSwap(other);
 }
 void Option::InternalSwap(Option* other) {
@@ -3219,51 +3683,73 @@ void Option::InternalSwap(Option* other) {
 
 // optional string name = 1;
 void Option::clear_name() {
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- const ::std::string& Option::name() const {
+const ::std::string& Option::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Option.name)
-  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void Option::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
+void Option::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Option.name)
 }
- void Option::set_name(const char* value) {
+void Option::set_name(const char* value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Option.name)
 }
- void Option::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+void Option::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Option.name)
 }
- ::std::string* Option::mutable_name() {
+::std::string* Option::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Option.name)
-  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- ::std::string* Option::release_name() {
+::std::string* Option::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Option.name)
   
-  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- void Option::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
+::std::string* Option::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+void Option::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
     
   } else {
     
   }
-  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.name)
 }
+void Option::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    ::std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
 
 // optional .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
 bool Option::has_value() const {
-  return !_is_default_instance_ && value_ != NULL;
+  return this != internal_default_instance() && value_ != NULL;
 }
 void Option::clear_value() {
   if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && value_ != NULL) delete value_;
@@ -3271,12 +3757,13 @@ void Option::clear_value() {
 }
 const ::google::protobuf::Any& Option::value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Option.value)
-  return value_ != NULL ? *value_ : *default_instance_->value_;
+  return value_ != NULL ? *value_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::Any::internal_default_instance();
 }
 ::google::protobuf::Any* Option::mutable_value() {
   
   if (value_ == NULL) {
-    value_ = new ::google::protobuf::Any;
+    _slow_mutable_value();
   }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Option.value)
   return value_;
@@ -3284,12 +3771,24 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Any& Option::value() const {
 ::google::protobuf::Any* Option::release_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Option.value)
   
-  ::google::protobuf::Any* temp = value_;
-  value_ = NULL;
-  return temp;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+    return _slow_release_value();
+  } else {
+    ::google::protobuf::Any* temp = value_;
+    value_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  }
 }
-void Option::set_allocated_value(::google::protobuf::Any* value) {
-  delete value_;
+ void Option::set_allocated_value(::google::protobuf::Any* value) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == NULL) {
+    delete value_;
+  }
+  if (value != NULL) {
+    if (message_arena != NULL) {
+      message_arena->Own(value);
+    }
+  }
   value_ = value;
   if (value) {
     
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.h
index bb485e92..7a4d5aae 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/type.pb.h
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ namespace protobuf {
 
 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
 void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
 
@@ -142,9 +143,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Type : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_i
     return *this;
   }
 
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArena() const { return GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Type& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Type* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Type* other);
   void Swap(Type* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -159,7 +169,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Type : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_i
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -175,6 +185,12 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Type : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_i
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Type* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Type& from);
+  protected:
+  explicit Type(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -200,6 +216,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Type : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_i
   ::std::string* mutable_name();
   ::std::string* release_name();
   void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  ::std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      ::std::string* name);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
   int fields_size() const;
@@ -245,10 +264,17 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Type : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_i
   bool has_source_context() const;
   void clear_source_context();
   static const int kSourceContextFieldNumber = 5;
+  private:
+  void _slow_mutable_source_context();
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* _slow_release_source_context();
+  public:
   const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& source_context() const;
   ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* mutable_source_context();
   ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* release_source_context();
   void set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context);
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* unsafe_arena_release_source_context();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_source_context(
+      ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context);
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 6;
   void clear_syntax();
@@ -260,20 +286,23 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Type : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_i
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Field > fields_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::std::string> oneofs_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context_;
   int syntax_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Type* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Type> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -289,9 +318,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Field : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
     return *this;
   }
 
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArena() const { return GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Field& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Field* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Field* other);
   void Swap(Field* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -306,7 +344,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Field : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -322,6 +360,12 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Field : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Field* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Field& from);
+  protected:
+  explicit Field(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -455,6 +499,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Field : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   ::std::string* mutable_name();
   ::std::string* release_name();
   void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  ::std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      ::std::string* name);
 
   // optional string type_url = 6;
   void clear_type_url();
@@ -466,6 +513,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Field : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   ::std::string* mutable_type_url();
   ::std::string* release_type_url();
   void set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url);
+  ::std::string* unsafe_arena_release_type_url();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_type_url(
+      ::std::string* type_url);
 
   // optional int32 oneof_index = 7;
   void clear_oneof_index();
@@ -501,6 +551,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Field : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   ::std::string* mutable_json_name();
   ::std::string* release_json_name();
   void set_allocated_json_name(::std::string* json_name);
+  ::std::string* unsafe_arena_release_json_name();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_json_name(
+      ::std::string* json_name);
 
   // optional string default_value = 11;
   void clear_default_value();
@@ -512,29 +565,35 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Field : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_
   ::std::string* mutable_default_value();
   ::std::string* release_default_value();
   void set_allocated_default_value(::std::string* default_value);
+  ::std::string* unsafe_arena_release_default_value();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_default_value(
+      ::std::string* default_value);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Field)
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
-  int kind_;
-  int cardinality_;
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
+  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
-  ::google::protobuf::int32 number_;
-  ::google::protobuf::int32 oneof_index_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr type_url_;
-  ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr json_name_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr default_value_;
+  int kind_;
+  int cardinality_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 number_;
+  ::google::protobuf::int32 oneof_index_;
   bool packed_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Field* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Field> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -550,9 +609,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Enum : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_i
     return *this;
   }
 
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArena() const { return GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Enum& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Enum* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Enum* other);
   void Swap(Enum* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -567,7 +635,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Enum : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_i
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -583,6 +651,12 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Enum : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_i
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Enum* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Enum& from);
+  protected:
+  explicit Enum(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -608,6 +682,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Enum : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_i
   ::std::string* mutable_name();
   ::std::string* release_name();
   void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  ::std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      ::std::string* name);
 
   // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
   int enumvalue_size() const;
@@ -637,10 +714,17 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Enum : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_i
   bool has_source_context() const;
   void clear_source_context();
   static const int kSourceContextFieldNumber = 4;
+  private:
+  void _slow_mutable_source_context();
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* _slow_release_source_context();
+  public:
   const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& source_context() const;
   ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* mutable_source_context();
   ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* release_source_context();
   void set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context);
+  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* unsafe_arena_release_source_context();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_source_context(
+      ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context);
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.Syntax syntax = 5;
   void clear_syntax();
@@ -652,19 +736,22 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Enum : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc_i
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::EnumValue > enumvalue_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context_;
   int syntax_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Enum* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Enum> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -680,9 +767,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
     return *this;
   }
 
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArena() const { return GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const EnumValue& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const EnumValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(EnumValue* other);
   void Swap(EnumValue* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -697,7 +793,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -713,6 +809,12 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(EnumValue* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const EnumValue& from);
+  protected:
+  explicit EnumValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -738,6 +840,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   ::std::string* mutable_name();
   ::std::string* release_name();
   void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  ::std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      ::std::string* name);
 
   // optional int32 number = 2;
   void clear_number();
@@ -761,17 +866,20 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT EnumValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
   ::google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField< ::google::protobuf::Option > options_;
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::int32 number_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static EnumValue* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<EnumValue> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -787,9 +895,18 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Option : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
     return *this;
   }
 
+  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArena() const { return GetArenaNoVirtual(); }
+  inline void* GetMaybeArenaPointer() const {
+    return MaybeArenaPtr();
+  }
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Option& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Option* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
+  void UnsafeArenaSwap(Option* other);
   void Swap(Option* other);
 
   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
@@ -804,7 +921,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Option : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -820,6 +937,12 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Option : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Option* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Option& from);
+  protected:
+  explicit Option(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
+  private:
+  static void ArenaDtor(void* object);
+  inline void RegisterArenaDtor(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
   inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
     return _internal_metadata_.arena();
@@ -845,30 +968,43 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Option : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
   ::std::string* mutable_name();
   ::std::string* release_name();
   void set_allocated_name(::std::string* name);
+  ::std::string* unsafe_arena_release_name();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+      ::std::string* name);
 
   // optional .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
   bool has_value() const;
   void clear_value();
   static const int kValueFieldNumber = 2;
+  private:
+  void _slow_mutable_value();
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* _slow_release_value();
+  public:
   const ::google::protobuf::Any& value() const;
   ::google::protobuf::Any* mutable_value();
   ::google::protobuf::Any* release_value();
   void set_allocated_value(::google::protobuf::Any* value);
+  ::google::protobuf::Any* unsafe_arena_release_value();
+  void unsafe_arena_set_allocated_value(
+      ::google::protobuf::Any* value);
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.protobuf.Option)
  private:
 
   ::google::protobuf::internal::InternalMetadataWithArena _internal_metadata_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
+  friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
+  typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
+  typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr name_;
   ::google::protobuf::Any* value_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2ftype_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Option* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Option> default_instance_;
 };
 // ===================================================================
 
@@ -880,37 +1016,46 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Option : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@protoc
 
 // optional string name = 1;
 inline void Type::clear_name() {
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline const ::std::string& Type::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.name)
-  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
 inline void Type::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Type.name)
 }
 inline void Type::set_name(const char* value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Type.name)
 }
-inline void Type::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+inline void Type::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Type.name)
 }
 inline ::std::string* Type::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.name)
-  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline ::std::string* Type::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Type.name)
   
-  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Type::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline void Type::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
@@ -918,9 +1063,22 @@ inline void Type::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   } else {
     
   }
-  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.name)
 }
+inline void Type::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    ::std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Type.name)
+}
 
 // repeated .google.protobuf.Field fields = 2;
 inline int Type::fields_size() const {
@@ -1039,7 +1197,7 @@ Type::options() const {
 
 // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 5;
 inline bool Type::has_source_context() const {
-  return !_is_default_instance_ && source_context_ != NULL;
+  return this != internal_default_instance() && source_context_ != NULL;
 }
 inline void Type::clear_source_context() {
   if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
@@ -1047,12 +1205,13 @@ inline void Type::clear_source_context() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Type::source_context() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
-  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_ : *default_instance_->source_context_;
+  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::SourceContext::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Type::mutable_source_context() {
   
   if (source_context_ == NULL) {
-    source_context_ = new ::google::protobuf::SourceContext;
+    _slow_mutable_source_context();
   }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
   return source_context_;
@@ -1060,12 +1219,24 @@ inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Type::mutable_source_context() {
 inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Type::release_source_context() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Type.source_context)
   
-  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
-  source_context_ = NULL;
-  return temp;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+    return _slow_release_source_context();
+  } else {
+    ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+    source_context_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  }
 }
-inline void Type::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
-  delete source_context_;
+inline  void Type::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == NULL) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  if (source_context != NULL) {
+    if (message_arena != NULL) {
+      message_arena->Own(source_context);
+    }
+  }
   source_context_ = source_context;
   if (source_context) {
     
@@ -1137,37 +1308,46 @@ inline void Field::set_number(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
 
 // optional string name = 4;
 inline void Field::clear_name() {
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline const ::std::string& Field::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.name)
-  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
 inline void Field::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.name)
 }
 inline void Field::set_name(const char* value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.name)
 }
-inline void Field::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+inline void Field::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.name)
 }
 inline ::std::string* Field::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.name)
-  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline ::std::string* Field::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Field.name)
   
-  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Field::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline void Field::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
@@ -1175,43 +1355,65 @@ inline void Field::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   } else {
     
   }
-  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.name)
 }
+inline void Field::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    ::std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.name)
+}
 
 // optional string type_url = 6;
 inline void Field::clear_type_url() {
-  type_url_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  type_url_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline const ::std::string& Field::type_url() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
-  return type_url_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return type_url_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
 inline void Field::set_type_url(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  type_url_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
 }
 inline void Field::set_type_url(const char* value) {
   
-  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  type_url_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
 }
-inline void Field::set_type_url(const char* value, size_t size) {
+inline void Field::set_type_url(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  type_url_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  type_url_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
 }
 inline ::std::string* Field::mutable_type_url() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
-  return type_url_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return type_url_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline ::std::string* Field::release_type_url() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
   
-  return type_url_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return type_url_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Field::unsafe_arena_release_type_url() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return type_url_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline void Field::set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url) {
   if (type_url != NULL) {
@@ -1219,9 +1421,22 @@ inline void Field::set_allocated_type_url(::std::string* type_url) {
   } else {
     
   }
-  type_url_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), type_url);
+  type_url_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), type_url,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
 }
+inline void Field::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_type_url(
+    ::std::string* type_url) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (type_url != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  type_url_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      type_url, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.type_url)
+}
 
 // optional int32 oneof_index = 7;
 inline void Field::clear_oneof_index() {
@@ -1283,37 +1498,46 @@ Field::options() const {
 
 // optional string json_name = 10;
 inline void Field::clear_json_name() {
-  json_name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  json_name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline const ::std::string& Field::json_name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
-  return json_name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return json_name_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
 inline void Field::set_json_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  json_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  json_name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
 }
 inline void Field::set_json_name(const char* value) {
   
-  json_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  json_name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
 }
-inline void Field::set_json_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+inline void Field::set_json_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  json_name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  json_name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
 }
 inline ::std::string* Field::mutable_json_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
-  return json_name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return json_name_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline ::std::string* Field::release_json_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
   
-  return json_name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return json_name_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Field::unsafe_arena_release_json_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return json_name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline void Field::set_allocated_json_name(::std::string* json_name) {
   if (json_name != NULL) {
@@ -1321,43 +1545,65 @@ inline void Field::set_allocated_json_name(::std::string* json_name) {
   } else {
     
   }
-  json_name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), json_name);
+  json_name_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), json_name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
 }
+inline void Field::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_json_name(
+    ::std::string* json_name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (json_name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  json_name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      json_name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.json_name)
+}
 
 // optional string default_value = 11;
 inline void Field::clear_default_value() {
-  default_value_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  default_value_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline const ::std::string& Field::default_value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
-  return default_value_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return default_value_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
 inline void Field::set_default_value(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  default_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  default_value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
 }
 inline void Field::set_default_value(const char* value) {
   
-  default_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  default_value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
 }
-inline void Field::set_default_value(const char* value, size_t size) {
+inline void Field::set_default_value(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  default_value_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  default_value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
 }
 inline ::std::string* Field::mutable_default_value() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
-  return default_value_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return default_value_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline ::std::string* Field::release_default_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
   
-  return default_value_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return default_value_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Field::unsafe_arena_release_default_value() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return default_value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline void Field::set_allocated_default_value(::std::string* default_value) {
   if (default_value != NULL) {
@@ -1365,9 +1611,22 @@ inline void Field::set_allocated_default_value(::std::string* default_value) {
   } else {
     
   }
-  default_value_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), default_value);
+  default_value_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), default_value,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
 }
+inline void Field::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_default_value(
+    ::std::string* default_value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (default_value != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  default_value_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      default_value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Field.default_value)
+}
 
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1375,37 +1634,46 @@ inline void Field::set_allocated_default_value(::std::string* default_value) {
 
 // optional string name = 1;
 inline void Enum::clear_name() {
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline const ::std::string& Enum::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
-  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
 inline void Enum::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
 }
 inline void Enum::set_name(const char* value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
 }
-inline void Enum::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+inline void Enum::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
 }
 inline ::std::string* Enum::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
-  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline ::std::string* Enum::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
   
-  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Enum::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline void Enum::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
@@ -1413,9 +1681,22 @@ inline void Enum::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   } else {
     
   }
-  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
 }
+inline void Enum::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    ::std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Enum.name)
+}
 
 // repeated .google.protobuf.EnumValue enumvalue = 2;
 inline int Enum::enumvalue_size() const {
@@ -1479,7 +1760,7 @@ Enum::options() const {
 
 // optional .google.protobuf.SourceContext source_context = 4;
 inline bool Enum::has_source_context() const {
-  return !_is_default_instance_ && source_context_ != NULL;
+  return this != internal_default_instance() && source_context_ != NULL;
 }
 inline void Enum::clear_source_context() {
   if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && source_context_ != NULL) delete source_context_;
@@ -1487,12 +1768,13 @@ inline void Enum::clear_source_context() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::SourceContext& Enum::source_context() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
-  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_ : *default_instance_->source_context_;
+  return source_context_ != NULL ? *source_context_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::SourceContext::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Enum::mutable_source_context() {
   
   if (source_context_ == NULL) {
-    source_context_ = new ::google::protobuf::SourceContext;
+    _slow_mutable_source_context();
   }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
   return source_context_;
@@ -1500,12 +1782,24 @@ inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Enum::mutable_source_context() {
 inline ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* Enum::release_source_context() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Enum.source_context)
   
-  ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
-  source_context_ = NULL;
-  return temp;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+    return _slow_release_source_context();
+  } else {
+    ::google::protobuf::SourceContext* temp = source_context_;
+    source_context_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  }
 }
-inline void Enum::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
-  delete source_context_;
+inline  void Enum::set_allocated_source_context(::google::protobuf::SourceContext* source_context) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == NULL) {
+    delete source_context_;
+  }
+  if (source_context != NULL) {
+    if (message_arena != NULL) {
+      message_arena->Own(source_context);
+    }
+  }
   source_context_ = source_context;
   if (source_context) {
     
@@ -1535,37 +1829,46 @@ inline void Enum::set_syntax(::google::protobuf::Syntax value) {
 
 // optional string name = 1;
 inline void EnumValue::clear_name() {
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline const ::std::string& EnumValue::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
-  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
 inline void EnumValue::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
 }
 inline void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
 }
-inline void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+inline void EnumValue::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
 }
 inline ::std::string* EnumValue::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
-  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline ::std::string* EnumValue::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
   
-  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline ::std::string* EnumValue::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline void EnumValue::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
@@ -1573,9 +1876,22 @@ inline void EnumValue::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   } else {
     
   }
-  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
 }
+inline void EnumValue::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    ::std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.EnumValue.name)
+}
 
 // optional int32 number = 2;
 inline void EnumValue::clear_number() {
@@ -1627,37 +1943,46 @@ EnumValue::options() const {
 
 // optional string name = 1;
 inline void Option::clear_name() {
-  name_.ClearToEmptyNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  name_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline const ::std::string& Option::name() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Option.name)
-  return name_.GetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
 inline void Option::set_name(const ::std::string& value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value);
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Option.name)
 }
 inline void Option::set_name(const char* value) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
+              GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.Option.name)
 }
-inline void Option::set_name(const char* value, size_t size) {
+inline void Option::set_name(const char* value,
+    size_t size) {
   
-  name_.SetNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
-      ::std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size));
+  name_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.Option.name)
 }
 inline ::std::string* Option::mutable_name() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Option.name)
-  return name_.MutableNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline ::std::string* Option::release_name() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Option.name)
   
-  return name_.ReleaseNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  return name_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
+}
+inline ::std::string* Option::unsafe_arena_release_name() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  
+  return name_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
 inline void Option::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   if (name != NULL) {
@@ -1665,13 +1990,26 @@ inline void Option::set_allocated_name(::std::string* name) {
   } else {
     
   }
-  name_.SetAllocatedNoArena(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name);
+  name_.SetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), name,
+      GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.name)
 }
+inline void Option::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_name(
+    ::std::string* name) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  name_.UnsafeArenaSetAllocated(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
+      name, GetArenaNoVirtual());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_set_allocated:google.protobuf.Option.name)
+}
 
 // optional .google.protobuf.Any value = 2;
 inline bool Option::has_value() const {
-  return !_is_default_instance_ && value_ != NULL;
+  return this != internal_default_instance() && value_ != NULL;
 }
 inline void Option::clear_value() {
   if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == NULL && value_ != NULL) delete value_;
@@ -1679,12 +2017,13 @@ inline void Option::clear_value() {
 }
 inline const ::google::protobuf::Any& Option::value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Option.value)
-  return value_ != NULL ? *value_ : *default_instance_->value_;
+  return value_ != NULL ? *value_
+                         : *::google::protobuf::Any::internal_default_instance();
 }
 inline ::google::protobuf::Any* Option::mutable_value() {
   
   if (value_ == NULL) {
-    value_ = new ::google::protobuf::Any;
+    _slow_mutable_value();
   }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.Option.value)
   return value_;
@@ -1692,12 +2031,24 @@ inline ::google::protobuf::Any* Option::mutable_value() {
 inline ::google::protobuf::Any* Option::release_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.Option.value)
   
-  ::google::protobuf::Any* temp = value_;
-  value_ = NULL;
-  return temp;
+  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+    return _slow_release_value();
+  } else {
+    ::google::protobuf::Any* temp = value_;
+    value_ = NULL;
+    return temp;
+  }
 }
-inline void Option::set_allocated_value(::google::protobuf::Any* value) {
-  delete value_;
+inline  void Option::set_allocated_value(::google::protobuf::Any* value) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* message_arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (message_arena == NULL) {
+    delete value_;
+  }
+  if (value != NULL) {
+    if (message_arena != NULL) {
+      message_arena->Own(value);
+    }
+  }
   value_ = value;
   if (value) {
     
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/type.proto b/src/google/protobuf/type.proto
index 1c9cf53d..504cd25d 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/type.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/type.proto
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
 import "google/protobuf/source_context.proto";
 
 option csharp_namespace = "Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes";
+option cc_enable_arenas = true;
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "TypeProto";
 option java_multiple_files = true;
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
 
 // A protocol buffer message type.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto b/src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
index d5206d24..cc2f4b34 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unittest.proto
@@ -878,3 +878,11 @@ service TestService {
 message BarRequest  {}
 message BarResponse {}
 
+message TestJsonName {
+  optional int32 field_name1 = 1;
+  optional int32 fieldName2 = 2;
+  optional int32 FieldName3 = 3;
+  optional int32 _field_name4 = 4;
+  optional int32 FIELD_NAME5 = 5;
+  optional int32 field_name6 = 6 [json_name = "@type"];
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc b/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc
index 8ee99d48..bca3fbf8 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/metadata.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/stl_util.h>
 
@@ -116,6 +117,12 @@ void UnknownFieldSet::MergeFromAndDestroy(UnknownFieldSet* other) {
   other->fields_ = NULL;
 }
 
+void UnknownFieldSet::MergeToInternalMetdata(
+    const UnknownFieldSet& other,
+    internal::InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata) {
+  metadata->mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(other);
+}
+
 int UnknownFieldSet::SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const {
   if (fields_ == NULL) return 0;
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h b/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h
index aa752916..c2ad8918 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ namespace protobuf {
     class ZeroCopyInputStream;      // zero_copy_stream.h
   }
   namespace internal {
+    class InternalMetadataWithArena;  // metadata.h
     class WireFormat;               // wire_format.h
     class MessageSetFieldSkipperUsingCord;
                                     // extension_set_heavy.cc
@@ -92,6 +93,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UnknownFieldSet {
   // Similar to above, but this function will destroy the contents of other.
   void MergeFromAndDestroy(UnknownFieldSet* other);
 
+  // Merge the contents an UnknownFieldSet with the UnknownFieldSet in
+  // *metadata, if there is one.  If *metadata doesn't have an UnknownFieldSet
+  // then add one to it and make it be a copy of the first arg.
+  static void MergeToInternalMetdata(
+      const UnknownFieldSet& other,
+      internal::InternalMetadataWithArena* metadata);
+
   // Swaps the contents of some other UnknownFieldSet with this one.
   inline void Swap(UnknownFieldSet* x);
 
@@ -175,7 +183,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UnknownField {
     TYPE_GROUP
   };
 
-  // The field's tag number, as seen on the wire.
+  // The field's field number, as seen on the wire.
   inline int number() const;
 
   // The field type.
@@ -204,7 +212,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UnknownField {
   void SerializeLengthDelimitedNoTag(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
   uint8* SerializeLengthDelimitedNoTagToArray(uint8* target) const;
 
-  inline int GetLengthDelimitedSize() const;
+  inline size_t GetLengthDelimitedSize() const;
 
  private:
   friend class UnknownFieldSet;
@@ -330,9 +338,9 @@ inline UnknownFieldSet* UnknownField::mutable_group() {
   return group_;
 }
 
-inline int UnknownField::GetLengthDelimitedSize() const {
+inline size_t UnknownField::GetLengthDelimitedSize() const {
   GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ(TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, type());
-  return static_cast<int>(length_delimited_.string_value_->size());
+  return length_delimited_.string_value_->size();
 }
 
 inline void UnknownField::SetType(Type type) {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h
index 715560ed..3c70a314 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/field_comparator.h
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DefaultFieldComparator : public FieldComparator {
   };
 
   // Defines the map to store the tolerances for floating point comparison.
-  typedef map<const FieldDescriptor*, Tolerance> ToleranceMap;
+  typedef std::map<const FieldDescriptor*, Tolerance> ToleranceMap;
 
   // The following methods get executed when CompareFields is called for the
   // basic types (instead of submessages). They return true on success. One
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc
index ef8da427..eeb55c6b 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.cc
@@ -259,7 +259,8 @@ StatusOr<string> DataPiece::ToBytes() const {
   }
 }
 
-StatusOr<int> DataPiece::ToEnum(const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type) const {
+StatusOr<int> DataPiece::ToEnum(const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type,
+                                bool use_lower_camel_for_enums) const {
   if (type_ == TYPE_NULL) return google::protobuf::NULL_VALUE;
 
   if (type_ == TYPE_STRING) {
@@ -268,20 +269,34 @@ StatusOr<int> DataPiece::ToEnum(const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type) const {
     const google::protobuf::EnumValue* value =
         FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(enum_type, enum_name);
     if (value != NULL) return value->number();
+
+    // Check if int version of enum is sent as string.
+    StatusOr<int32> int_value = ToInt32();
+    if (int_value.ok()) {
+      if (const google::protobuf::EnumValue* enum_value =
+              FindEnumValueByNumberOrNull(enum_type, int_value.ValueOrDie())) {
+        return enum_value->number();
+      }
+    }
+
     // Next try a normalized name.
     for (string::iterator it = enum_name.begin(); it != enum_name.end(); ++it) {
       *it = *it == '-' ? '_' : ascii_toupper(*it);
     }
     value = FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(enum_type, enum_name);
     if (value != NULL) return value->number();
-  } else {
-    StatusOr<int32> value = ToInt32();
-    if (value.ok()) {
-      if (const google::protobuf::EnumValue* enum_value =
-              FindEnumValueByNumberOrNull(enum_type, value.ValueOrDie())) {
-        return enum_value->number();
-      }
+
+    // If use_lower_camel_for_enums is true try with enum name without
+    // underscore. This will also accept camel case names as the enum_name has
+    // been normalized before.
+    if (use_lower_camel_for_enums) {
+      value = FindEnumValueByNameWithoutUnderscoreOrNull(enum_type, enum_name);
+      if (value != NULL) return value->number();
     }
+  } else {
+    // We don't need to check whether the value is actually declared in the
+    // enum because we preserve unknown enum values as well.
+    return ToInt32();
   }
   return InvalidArgument(
       ValueAsStringOrDefault("Cannot find enum with given value."));
@@ -354,6 +369,7 @@ bool DataPiece::DecodeBase64(StringPiece src, string* dest) const {
 
 void DataPiece::InternalCopy(const DataPiece& other) {
   type_ = other.type_;
+  use_strict_base64_decoding_ = other.use_strict_base64_decoding_;
   switch (type_) {
     case TYPE_INT32:
     case TYPE_INT64:
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h
index e82cdbac..83516d09 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/datapiece.h
@@ -76,13 +76,22 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DataPiece {
   };
 
   // Constructors and Destructor
-  explicit DataPiece(const int32 value) : type_(TYPE_INT32), i32_(value) {}
-  explicit DataPiece(const int64 value) : type_(TYPE_INT64), i64_(value) {}
-  explicit DataPiece(const uint32 value) : type_(TYPE_UINT32), u32_(value) {}
-  explicit DataPiece(const uint64 value) : type_(TYPE_UINT64), u64_(value) {}
-  explicit DataPiece(const double value) : type_(TYPE_DOUBLE), double_(value) {}
-  explicit DataPiece(const float value) : type_(TYPE_FLOAT), float_(value) {}
-  explicit DataPiece(const bool value) : type_(TYPE_BOOL), bool_(value) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const int32 value)
+      : type_(TYPE_INT32), i32_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const int64 value)
+      : type_(TYPE_INT64), i64_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const uint32 value)
+      : type_(TYPE_UINT32), u32_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const uint64 value)
+      : type_(TYPE_UINT64), u64_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const double value)
+      : type_(TYPE_DOUBLE),
+        double_(value),
+        use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const float value)
+      : type_(TYPE_FLOAT), float_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
+  explicit DataPiece(const bool value)
+      : type_(TYPE_BOOL), bool_(value), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
   DataPiece(StringPiece value, bool use_strict_base64_decoding)
       : type_(TYPE_STRING),
         str_(StringPiecePod::CreateFromStringPiece(value)),
@@ -108,6 +117,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DataPiece {
   // Accessors
   Type type() const { return type_; }
 
+  bool use_strict_base64_decoding() { return use_strict_base64_decoding_; }
+
   StringPiece str() const {
     GOOGLE_LOG_IF(DFATAL, type_ != TYPE_STRING) << "Not a string type.";
     return str_;
@@ -148,16 +159,20 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DataPiece {
   // string, first attempts conversion by name, trying names as follows:
   //   1) the directly provided string value.
   //   2) the value upper-cased and replacing '-' by '_'
+  //   3) if use_lower_camel_for_enums is true it also attempts by comparing
+  //   enum name without underscore with the value upper cased above.
   // If the value is not a string, attempts to convert to a 32-bit integer.
   // If none of these succeeds, returns a conversion error status.
-  util::StatusOr<int> ToEnum(const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type) const;
+  util::StatusOr<int> ToEnum(const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type,
+                               bool use_lower_camel_for_enums) const;
 
  private:
   // Disallow implicit constructor.
   DataPiece();
 
   // Helper to create NULL or ENUM types.
-  DataPiece(Type type, int32 val) : type_(type), i32_(val) {}
+  DataPiece(Type type, int32 val)
+      : type_(type), i32_(val), use_strict_base64_decoding_(false) {}
 
   // For numeric conversion between
   //     int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double, float and bool
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc
index 3479949b..ac1ed9ab 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/default_value_objectwriter.cc
@@ -557,26 +557,29 @@ DefaultValueObjectWriter* DefaultValueObjectWriter::EndList() {
 void DefaultValueObjectWriter::RenderDataPiece(StringPiece name,
                                                const DataPiece& data) {
   MaybePopulateChildrenOfAny(current_);
-  util::StatusOr<string> data_string = data.ToString();
   if (current_->type() != NULL && current_->type()->name() == kAnyType &&
-      name == "@type" && data_string.ok()) {
-    const string& string_value = data_string.ValueOrDie();
-    // If the type of current_ is "Any" and its "@type" field is being set here,
-    // sets the type of current_ to be the type specified by the "@type".
-    util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> found_type =
-        typeinfo_->ResolveTypeUrl(string_value);
-    if (!found_type.ok()) {
-      GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to resolve type '" << string_value << "'.";
-    } else {
-      current_->set_type(found_type.ValueOrDie());
-    }
-    current_->set_is_any(true);
-    // If the "@type" field is placed after other fields, we should populate
-    // other children of primitive type now. Otherwise, we should wait until the
-    // first value field is rendered before we populate the children, because
-    // the "value" field of a Any message could be omitted.
-    if (current_->number_of_children() > 1 && current_->type() != NULL) {
-      current_->PopulateChildren(typeinfo_);
+      name == "@type") {
+    util::StatusOr<string> data_string = data.ToString();
+    if (data_string.ok()) {
+      const string& string_value = data_string.ValueOrDie();
+      // If the type of current_ is "Any" and its "@type" field is being set
+      // here, sets the type of current_ to be the type specified by the
+      // "@type".
+      util::StatusOr<const google::protobuf::Type*> found_type =
+          typeinfo_->ResolveTypeUrl(string_value);
+      if (!found_type.ok()) {
+        GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to resolve type '" << string_value << "'.";
+      } else {
+        current_->set_type(found_type.ValueOrDie());
+      }
+      current_->set_is_any(true);
+      // If the "@type" field is placed after other fields, we should populate
+      // other children of primitive type now. Otherwise, we should wait until
+      // the first value field is rendered before we populate the children,
+      // because the "value" field of a Any message could be omitted.
+      if (current_->number_of_children() > 1 && current_->type() != NULL) {
+        current_->PopulateChildren(typeinfo_);
+      }
     }
   }
   Node* child = current_->FindChild(name);
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h
index 3f063936..1dc814a3 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/error_listener.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ErrorListener {
 
   // Reports an invalid name at the given location.
   virtual void InvalidName(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
-                           StringPiece unknown_name, StringPiece message) = 0;
+                           StringPiece invalid_name, StringPiece message) = 0;
 
   // Reports an invalid value for a field.
   virtual void InvalidValue(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT NoopErrorListener : public ErrorListener {
   virtual ~NoopErrorListener() {}
 
   virtual void InvalidName(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
-                           StringPiece unknown_name, StringPiece message) {}
+                           StringPiece invalid_name, StringPiece message) {}
 
   virtual void InvalidValue(const LocationTrackerInterface& loc,
                             StringPiece type_name, StringPiece value) {}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc
index b84210c1..6e4edd88 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.cc
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderBytes(StringPiece name,
   string base64;
 
   if (use_websafe_base64_for_bytes_)
-    WebSafeBase64Escape(value.ToString(), &base64);
+    WebSafeBase64EscapeWithPadding(value.ToString(), &base64);
   else
     Base64Escape(value, &base64);
 
@@ -164,19 +164,32 @@ JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderNull(StringPiece name) {
   return RenderSimple(name, "null");
 }
 
+JsonObjectWriter* JsonObjectWriter::RenderNullAsEmpty(StringPiece name) {
+  return RenderSimple(name, "");
+}
+
 void JsonObjectWriter::WritePrefix(StringPiece name) {
   bool not_first = !element()->is_first();
   if (not_first) WriteChar(',');
   if (not_first || !element()->is_root()) NewLine();
-  if (!name.empty()) {
+  bool empty_key_ok = GetAndResetEmptyKeyOk();
+  if (!name.empty() || empty_key_ok) {
     WriteChar('"');
-    ArrayByteSource source(name);
-    JsonEscaping::Escape(&source, &sink_);
+    if (!name.empty()) {
+      ArrayByteSource source(name);
+      JsonEscaping::Escape(&source, &sink_);
+    }
     stream_->WriteString("\":");
     if (!indent_string_.empty()) WriteChar(' ');
   }
 }
 
+bool JsonObjectWriter::GetAndResetEmptyKeyOk() {
+  bool retval = empty_name_ok_for_next_key_;
+  empty_name_ok_for_next_key_ = false;
+  return retval;
+}
+
 }  // namespace converter
 }  // namespace util
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h
index cb7e2fb3..31edc292 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter.h
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT JsonObjectWriter : public StructuredObjectWriter {
         stream_(out),
         sink_(out),
         indent_string_(indent_string.ToString()),
-        use_websafe_base64_for_bytes_(false) {}
+        use_websafe_base64_for_bytes_(false),
+        empty_name_ok_for_next_key_(false) {}
   virtual ~JsonObjectWriter();
 
   // ObjectWriter methods.
@@ -111,11 +112,19 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT JsonObjectWriter : public StructuredObjectWriter {
   virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderString(StringPiece name, StringPiece value);
   virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderBytes(StringPiece name, StringPiece value);
   virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderNull(StringPiece name);
+  virtual JsonObjectWriter* RenderNullAsEmpty(StringPiece name);
 
   void set_use_websafe_base64_for_bytes(bool value) {
     use_websafe_base64_for_bytes_ = value;
   }
 
+  // Whether empty strings should be rendered for the next JSON key. This
+  // setting is only valid until the next key is rendered, after which it gets
+  // reset to false.
+  virtual void empty_name_ok_for_next_key() {
+    empty_name_ok_for_next_key_ = true;
+  }
+
  protected:
   class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Element : public BaseElement {
    public:
@@ -195,6 +204,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT JsonObjectWriter : public StructuredObjectWriter {
   // Writes an individual character to the output.
   void WriteChar(const char c) { stream_->WriteRaw(&c, sizeof(c)); }
 
+  // Returns the current value of empty_name_ok_for_next_key_ and resets it to
+  // false.
+  bool GetAndResetEmptyKeyOk();
+
   google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Element> element_;
   google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* stream_;
   ByteSinkWrapper sink_;
@@ -204,6 +217,11 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT JsonObjectWriter : public StructuredObjectWriter {
   // to regular base64 encoding.
   bool use_websafe_base64_for_bytes_;
 
+  // Whether empty strings should be rendered for the next JSON key. This
+  // setting is only valid until the next key is rendered, after which it gets
+  // reset to false.
+  bool empty_name_ok_for_next_key_;
+
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(JsonObjectWriter);
 };
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc
index b87b06ac..bbd9d78a 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_objectwriter_test.cc
@@ -299,11 +299,11 @@ TEST_F(JsonObjectWriterTest, TestWebsafeByteEncoding) {
   ow_ = new JsonObjectWriter("", out_stream_);
   ow_->set_use_websafe_base64_for_bytes(true);
   ow_->StartObject("")
-      ->RenderBytes("bytes", "\x03\xef\xc0")
+      ->RenderBytes("bytes", "\x03\xef\xc0\x10")
       ->EndObject();
 
   // Test that we get websafe base64 encoding when explicitly asked.
-  EXPECT_EQ("{\"bytes\":\"A-_A\"}",
+  EXPECT_EQ("{\"bytes\":\"A-_AEA==\"}",
             output_.substr(0, out_stream_->ByteCount()));
 }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc
index be51ce56..a8d48eff 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.cc
@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ JsonStreamParser::JsonStreamParser(ObjectWriter* ow)
       parsed_storage_(),
       string_open_(0),
       chunk_storage_(),
-      coerce_to_utf8_(false) {
+      coerce_to_utf8_(false),
+      allow_empty_null_(false) {
   // Initialize the stack with a single value to be parsed.
   stack_.push(VALUE);
 }
@@ -277,6 +278,10 @@ util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseValue(TokenType type) {
     case UNKNOWN:
       return ReportUnknown("Expected a value.");
     default: {
+      if (allow_empty_null_ && IsEmptyNullAllowed(type)) {
+        return ParseEmptyNull();
+      }
+
       // Special case for having been cut off while parsing, wait for more data.
       // This handles things like 'fals' being at the end of the string, we
       // don't know if the next char would be e, completing it, or something
@@ -293,8 +298,8 @@ util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseString() {
   util::Status result = ParseStringHelper();
   if (result.ok()) {
     ow_->RenderString(key_, parsed_);
-    key_.clear();
-    parsed_.clear();
+    key_ = StringPiece();
+    parsed_ = StringPiece();
     parsed_storage_.clear();
   }
   return result;
@@ -469,17 +474,17 @@ util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseNumber() {
     switch (number.type) {
       case NumberResult::DOUBLE:
         ow_->RenderDouble(key_, number.double_val);
-        key_.clear();
+        key_ = StringPiece();
         break;
 
       case NumberResult::INT:
         ow_->RenderInt64(key_, number.int_val);
-        key_.clear();
+        key_ = StringPiece();
         break;
 
       case NumberResult::UINT:
         ow_->RenderUint64(key_, number.uint_val);
-        key_.clear();
+        key_ = StringPiece();
         break;
 
       default:
@@ -563,7 +568,7 @@ util::Status JsonStreamParser::HandleBeginObject() {
   GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ('{', *p_.data());
   Advance();
   ow_->StartObject(key_);
-  key_.clear();
+  key_ = StringPiece();
   stack_.push(ENTRY);
   return util::Status::OK;
 }
@@ -613,7 +618,7 @@ util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseEntry(TokenType type) {
       } else {
         key_ = parsed_;
       }
-      parsed_.clear();
+      parsed_ = StringPiece();
     }
   } else if (type == BEGIN_KEY) {
     // Key is a bare key (back compat), create a StringPiece pointing to it.
@@ -646,7 +651,7 @@ util::Status JsonStreamParser::HandleBeginArray() {
   GOOGLE_DCHECK_EQ('[', *p_.data());
   Advance();
   ow_->StartList(key_);
-  key_.clear();
+  key_ = StringPiece();
   stack_.push(ARRAY_VALUE);
   return util::Status::OK;
 }
@@ -663,7 +668,8 @@ util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseArrayValue(TokenType type) {
   }
 
   // The ParseValue call may push something onto the stack so we need to make
-  // sure an ARRAY_MID is after it, so we push it on now.
+  // sure an ARRAY_MID is after it, so we push it on now. Also, the parsing of
+  // empty-null array value is relying on this ARRAY_MID token.
   stack_.push(ARRAY_MID);
   util::Status result = ParseValue(type);
   if (result == util::Status::CANCELLED) {
@@ -697,25 +703,37 @@ util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseArrayMid(TokenType type) {
 
 util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseTrue() {
   ow_->RenderBool(key_, true);
-  key_.clear();
+  key_ = StringPiece();
   p_.remove_prefix(true_len);
   return util::Status::OK;
 }
 
 util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseFalse() {
   ow_->RenderBool(key_, false);
-  key_.clear();
+  key_ = StringPiece();
   p_.remove_prefix(false_len);
   return util::Status::OK;
 }
 
 util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseNull() {
   ow_->RenderNull(key_);
-  key_.clear();
+  key_ = StringPiece();
   p_.remove_prefix(null_len);
   return util::Status::OK;
 }
 
+util::Status JsonStreamParser::ParseEmptyNull() {
+  ow_->RenderNull(key_);
+  key_ = StringPiece();
+  return util::Status::OK;
+}
+
+bool JsonStreamParser::IsEmptyNullAllowed(TokenType type) {
+  if (stack_.empty()) return false;
+  return (stack_.top() == ARRAY_MID && type == VALUE_SEPARATOR) ||
+         stack_.top() == OBJ_MID;
+}
+
 util::Status JsonStreamParser::ReportFailure(StringPiece message) {
   static const int kContextLength = 20;
   const char* p_start = p_.data();
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h
index 0278c28f..78b35cc2 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser.h
@@ -179,6 +179,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT JsonStreamParser {
   util::Status ParseTrue();
   util::Status ParseFalse();
   util::Status ParseNull();
+  util::Status ParseEmptyNull();
+
+  // Whether an empty-null is allowed in the current state.
+  bool IsEmptyNullAllowed(TokenType type);
 
   // Report a failure as a util::Status.
   util::Status ReportFailure(StringPiece message);
@@ -247,6 +251,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT JsonStreamParser {
   // Whether to allow non UTF-8 encoded input and replace invalid code points.
   bool coerce_to_utf8_;
 
+  // Whether allows empty string represented null array value or object entry
+  // value.
+  bool allow_empty_null_;
+
   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(JsonStreamParser);
 };
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc
index 059ea6d8..b30d529f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/json_stream_parser_test.cc
@@ -81,12 +81,15 @@ using util::Status;
 // For each test we split the input string on every possible character to ensure
 // the parser is able to handle arbitrarily split input for all cases. We also
 // do a final test of the entire test case one character at a time.
+//
+// It is verified that expected calls to the mocked objects are in sequence.
 class JsonStreamParserTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
   JsonStreamParserTest() : mock_(), ow_(&mock_) {}
   virtual ~JsonStreamParserTest() {}
 
-  util::Status RunTest(StringPiece json, int split, bool coerce_utf8 = false) {
+  util::Status RunTest(StringPiece json, int split, bool coerce_utf8 = false,
+                       bool allow_empty_null = false) {
     JsonStreamParser parser(&mock_);
 
     // Special case for split == length, test parsing one character at a time.
@@ -116,8 +119,10 @@ class JsonStreamParserTest : public ::testing::Test {
     return result;
   }
 
-  void DoTest(StringPiece json, int split, bool coerce_utf8 = false) {
-    util::Status result = RunTest(json, split, coerce_utf8);
+  void DoTest(StringPiece json, int split, bool coerce_utf8 = false,
+              bool allow_empty_null = false) {
+    util::Status result =
+        RunTest(json, split, coerce_utf8, allow_empty_null);
     if (!result.ok()) {
       GOOGLE_LOG(WARNING) << result;
     }
@@ -125,14 +130,16 @@ class JsonStreamParserTest : public ::testing::Test {
   }
 
   void DoErrorTest(StringPiece json, int split, StringPiece error_prefix,
-                   bool coerce_utf8 = false) {
-    util::Status result = RunTest(json, split, coerce_utf8);
+                   bool coerce_utf8 = false, bool allow_empty_null = false) {
+    util::Status result =
+        RunTest(json, split, coerce_utf8, allow_empty_null);
     EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INVALID_ARGUMENT, result.error_code());
     StringPiece error_message(result.error_message());
     EXPECT_EQ(error_prefix, error_message.substr(0, error_prefix.size()));
   }
 
 
+  ::testing::InSequence in_sequence_;
   MockObjectWriter mock_;
   ExpectingObjectWriter ow_;
 };
@@ -335,6 +342,7 @@ TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ArrayValues) {
   }
 }
 
+
 // - object containing array, object, value (true, false, null, num, string)
 TEST_F(JsonStreamParserTest, ObjectValues) {
   StringPiece str =
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h
index 5781aa1e..b6fbd19b 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/object_writer.h
@@ -119,6 +119,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ObjectWriter {
     return use_strict_base64_decoding_;
   }
 
+  // Whether empty strings should be rendered for the next name for Start/Render
+  // calls. This setting is only valid until the next key is rendered, after
+  // which it gets reset.
+  // It is up to the derived classes to interpret this and render accordingly.
+  // Default implementation ignores this setting.
+  virtual void empty_name_ok_for_next_key() {}
+
  protected:
   ObjectWriter() : use_strict_base64_decoding_(true) {}
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.cc
index 0c38aeb9..4dcf4c3b 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.cc
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ ProtoWriter::ProtoWriter(TypeResolver* type_resolver,
       own_typeinfo_(true),
       done_(false),
       ignore_unknown_fields_(false),
+      use_lower_camel_for_enums_(false),
       element_(NULL),
       size_insert_(),
       output_(output),
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ ProtoWriter::ProtoWriter(const TypeInfo* typeinfo,
       own_typeinfo_(false),
       done_(false),
       ignore_unknown_fields_(false),
+      use_lower_camel_for_enums_(false),
       element_(NULL),
       size_insert_(),
       output_(output),
@@ -264,8 +266,9 @@ inline Status WriteString(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
 // Writes an ENUM field, including tag, to the stream.
 inline Status WriteEnum(int field_number, const DataPiece& data,
                         const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type,
-                        CodedOutputStream* stream) {
-  StatusOr<int> e = data.ToEnum(enum_type);
+                        CodedOutputStream* stream,
+                        bool use_lower_camel_for_enums) {
+  StatusOr<int> e = data.ToEnum(enum_type, use_lower_camel_for_enums);
   if (e.ok()) {
     WireFormatLite::WriteEnum(field_number, e.ValueOrDie(), stream);
   }
@@ -662,7 +665,7 @@ ProtoWriter* ProtoWriter::RenderPrimitiveField(
     case google::protobuf::Field_Kind_TYPE_ENUM: {
       status = WriteEnum(field.number(), data,
                          typeinfo_->GetEnumByTypeUrl(field.type_url()),
-                         stream_.get());
+                         stream_.get(), use_lower_camel_for_enums_);
       break;
     }
     default:  // TYPE_GROUP or TYPE_MESSAGE
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.h
index 7f1108ab..21dff88d 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/proto_writer.h
@@ -148,6 +148,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoWriter : public StructuredObjectWriter {
     ignore_unknown_fields_ = ignore_unknown_fields;
   }
 
+  void set_use_lower_camel_for_enums(bool use_lower_camel_for_enums) {
+    use_lower_camel_for_enums_ = use_lower_camel_for_enums;
+  }
+
  protected:
   class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoElement : public BaseElement, public LocationTrackerInterface {
    public:
@@ -308,6 +312,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoWriter : public StructuredObjectWriter {
   // If true, don't report unknown field names to the listener.
   bool ignore_unknown_fields_;
 
+  // If true, check if enum name in camel case or without underscore matches the
+  // field name.
+  bool use_lower_camel_for_enums_;
+
   // Variable for internal state processing:
   // element_    : the current element.
   // size_insert_: sizes of nested messages.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc
index 0048d75b..150f3cf1 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.cc
@@ -288,6 +288,8 @@ StatusOr<uint32> ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderMap(
             return Status(util::error::INTERNAL, "Invalid map entry.");
           }
           ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(map_key, MapKeyDefaultValueAsString(*key_field));
+          // Key is empty, force it to render as empty (for string values).
+          ow->empty_name_ok_for_next_key();
         }
         RETURN_IF_ERROR(RenderField(field, map_key, ow));
       } else {
@@ -857,7 +859,8 @@ Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderNonMessageField(
       // up.
       const google::protobuf::Enum* en =
           typeinfo_->GetEnumByTypeUrl(field->type_url());
-      // Lookup the name of the enum, and render that. Skips unknown enums.
+      // Lookup the name of the enum, and render that. Unknown enum values
+      // are printed as integers.
       if (en != NULL) {
         const google::protobuf::EnumValue* enum_value =
             FindEnumValueByNumber(*en, buffer32);
@@ -866,9 +869,11 @@ Status ProtoStreamObjectSource::RenderNonMessageField(
             ow->RenderString(field_name, ToCamelCase(enum_value->name()));
           else
             ow->RenderString(field_name, enum_value->name());
+        } else {
+          ow->RenderInt32(field_name, buffer32);
         }
       } else {
-        GOOGLE_LOG(INFO) << "Unknown enum skipped: " << field->type_url();
+        ow->RenderInt32(field_name, buffer32);
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -1099,6 +1104,8 @@ const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNumber(
 // TODO(skarvaje): Look into optimizing this by not doing computation on
 // double.
 const string FormatNanos(uint32 nanos) {
+  if (nanos == 0) return "";
+
   const char* format =
       (nanos % 1000 != 0) ? "%.9f" : (nanos % 1000000 != 0) ? "%.6f" : "%.3f";
   string formatted =
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h
index 243f85b2..adecfbd3 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource.h
@@ -129,6 +129,28 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoStreamObjectSource : public ObjectSource {
                                       bool include_start_and_end,
                                       ObjectWriter* ow) const;
 
+  // Renders a repeating field (packed or unpacked).  Returns the next tag after
+  // reading all sequential repeating elements. The caller should use this tag
+  // before reading more tags from the stream.
+  virtual util::StatusOr<uint32> RenderList(
+      const google::protobuf::Field* field, StringPiece name, uint32 list_tag,
+      ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+  // Looks up a field and verify its consistency with wire type in tag.
+  const google::protobuf::Field* FindAndVerifyField(
+      const google::protobuf::Type& type, uint32 tag) const;
+
+  // Renders a field value to the ObjectWriter.
+  util::Status RenderField(const google::protobuf::Field* field,
+                             StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) const;
+
+  // Reads field value according to Field spec in 'field' and returns the read
+  // value as string. This only works for primitive datatypes (no message
+  // types).
+  const string ReadFieldValueAsString(
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field) const;
+
+
  private:
   ProtoStreamObjectSource(google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* stream,
                           const TypeInfo* typeinfo,
@@ -138,19 +160,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoStreamObjectSource : public ObjectSource {
                                          const google::protobuf::Type&,
                                          StringPiece, ObjectWriter*);
 
-  // Looks up a field and verify its consistency with wire type in tag.
-  const google::protobuf::Field* FindAndVerifyField(
-      const google::protobuf::Type& type, uint32 tag) const;
-
   // TODO(skarvaje): Mark these methods as non-const as they modify internal
   // state (stream_).
   //
-  // Renders a repeating field (packed or unpacked).
-  // Returns the next tag after reading all sequential repeating elements. The
-  // caller should use this tag before reading more tags from the stream.
-  util::StatusOr<uint32> RenderList(const google::protobuf::Field* field,
-                                      StringPiece name, uint32 list_tag,
-                                      ObjectWriter* ow) const;
   // Renders a NWP map.
   // Returns the next tag after reading all map entries. The caller should use
   // this tag before reading more tags from the stream.
@@ -234,10 +246,6 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoStreamObjectSource : public ObjectSource {
   static void DeleteRendererMap();
   static TypeRenderer* FindTypeRenderer(const string& type_url);
 
-  // Renders a field value to the ObjectWriter.
-  util::Status RenderField(const google::protobuf::Field* field,
-                             StringPiece field_name, ObjectWriter* ow) const;
-
   // Same as above but renders all non-message field types. Callers don't call
   // this function directly. They just use RenderField.
   util::Status RenderNonMessageField(const google::protobuf::Field* field,
@@ -245,12 +253,6 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoStreamObjectSource : public ObjectSource {
                                        ObjectWriter* ow) const;
 
 
-  // Reads field value according to Field spec in 'field' and returns the read
-  // value as string. This only works for primitive datatypes (no message
-  // types).
-  const string ReadFieldValueAsString(
-      const google::protobuf::Field& field) const;
-
   // Utility function to detect proto maps. The 'field' MUST be repeated.
   bool IsMap(const google::protobuf::Field& field) const;
 
@@ -271,6 +273,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoStreamObjectSource : public ObjectSource {
   // Type information for all the types used in the descriptor. Used to find
   // google::protobuf::Type of nested messages/enums.
   const TypeInfo* typeinfo_;
+
   // Whether this class owns the typeinfo_ object. If true the typeinfo_ object
   // should be deleted in the destructor.
   bool own_typeinfo_;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc
index 3f6fdf97..cac28a06 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectsource_test.cc
@@ -42,15 +42,16 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl_lite.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/util/internal/expecting_objectwriter.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.pb.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 
@@ -66,24 +67,24 @@ using google::protobuf::Message;
 using google::protobuf::io::ArrayInputStream;
 using google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream;
 using util::Status;
+using google::protobuf::testing::AnyM;
+using google::protobuf::testing::AnyOut;
 using google::protobuf::testing::Author;
 using google::protobuf::testing::BadAuthor;
 using google::protobuf::testing::BadNestedBook;
 using google::protobuf::testing::Book;
-using google::protobuf::testing::Cyclic;
 using google::protobuf::testing::Book_Label;
+using google::protobuf::testing::Cyclic;
+using google::protobuf::testing::FieldMaskTest;
+using google::protobuf::testing::MapOut;
+using google::protobuf::testing::MapOutWireFormat;
 using google::protobuf::testing::NestedBook;
+using google::protobuf::testing::NestedFieldMask;
 using google::protobuf::testing::PackedPrimitive;
 using google::protobuf::testing::Primitive;
-using google::protobuf::testing::more_author;
-using google::protobuf::testing::maps::MapOut;
-using google::protobuf::testing::maps::MapOutWireFormat;
-using google::protobuf::testing::timestampduration::TimestampDuration;
-using google::protobuf::testing::anys::AnyOut;
-using google::protobuf::testing::anys::AnyM;
-using google::protobuf::testing::FieldMaskTest;
-using google::protobuf::testing::NestedFieldMask;
-using google::protobuf::testing::structs::StructType;
+using google::protobuf::testing::Proto3Message;
+using google::protobuf::testing::StructType;
+using google::protobuf::testing::TimestampDuration;
 using ::testing::_;
 
 
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ class ProtostreamObjectSourceTest
         mock_(),
         ow_(&mock_),
         use_lower_camel_for_enums_(false) {
-    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(Book::descriptor());
+    helper_.ResetTypeInfo(Book::descriptor(), Proto3Message::descriptor());
   }
 
   virtual ~ProtostreamObjectSourceTest() {}
@@ -493,6 +494,15 @@ TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, EnumCaseIsUnchangedByDefault) {
   DoTest(book, Book::descriptor());
 }
 
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, UnknownEnum) {
+  Proto3Message message;
+  message.set_enum_value(static_cast<Proto3Message::NestedEnum>(1234));
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderInt32("enumValue", 1234)
+      ->EndObject();
+  DoTest(message, Proto3Message::descriptor());
+}
+
 TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTest, CyclicMessageDepthTest) {
   Cyclic cyclic;
   cyclic.set_m_int(123);
@@ -679,7 +689,7 @@ INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
 // This is the example expected output.
 // {
 //   "any": {
-//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM"
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.AnyM"
 //     "foo": "foovalue"
 //   }
 // }
@@ -694,7 +704,7 @@ TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, BasicAny) {
   ow_.StartObject("")
       ->StartObject("any")
       ->RenderString("@type",
-                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM")
+                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.AnyM")
       ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
       ->EndObject()
       ->EndObject();
@@ -708,8 +718,7 @@ TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, RecursiveAny) {
   any->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
 
   ::google::protobuf::Any nested_any;
-  nested_any.set_type_url(
-      "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM");
+  nested_any.set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.AnyM");
 
   AnyM m;
   m.set_foo("foovalue");
@@ -722,7 +731,7 @@ TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, RecursiveAny) {
       ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
       ->StartObject("value")
       ->RenderString("@type",
-                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM")
+                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.AnyM")
       ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
       ->EndObject()
       ->EndObject()
@@ -741,7 +750,7 @@ TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, DoubleRecursiveAny) {
 
   ::google::protobuf::Any second_nested_any;
   second_nested_any.set_type_url(
-      "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM");
+      "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.AnyM");
 
   AnyM m;
   m.set_foo("foovalue");
@@ -756,7 +765,7 @@ TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceAnysTest, DoubleRecursiveAny) {
       ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
       ->StartObject("value")
       ->RenderString("@type",
-                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM")
+                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.AnyM")
       ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
       ->EndObject()
       ->EndObject()
@@ -1001,6 +1010,19 @@ TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTimestampTest, InvalidDurationAboveMaxTest) {
   EXPECT_EQ(util::error::INTERNAL, status.error_code());
 }
 
+TEST_P(ProtostreamObjectSourceTimestampTest, TimestampDurationDefaultValue) {
+  TimestampDuration out;
+  out.mutable_ts()->set_seconds(0);
+  out.mutable_dur()->set_seconds(0);
+
+  ow_.StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("ts", "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z")
+      ->RenderString("dur", "0s")
+      ->EndObject();
+
+  DoTest(out, TimestampDuration::descriptor());
+}
+
 }  // namespace converter
 }  // namespace util
 }  // namespace protobuf
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc
index 73e05cfe..6c15e862 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.cc
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoStreamObjectWriter(
       current_(NULL),
       options_(options) {
   set_ignore_unknown_fields(options_.ignore_unknown_fields);
+  set_use_lower_camel_for_enums(options_.use_lower_camel_for_enums);
 }
 
 ProtoStreamObjectWriter::ProtoStreamObjectWriter(
@@ -192,17 +193,11 @@ ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::~AnyWriter() {}
 void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::StartObject(StringPiece name) {
   ++depth_;
   // If an object writer is absent, that means we have not called StartAny()
-  // before reaching here. This is an invalid state. StartAny() gets called
-  // whenever we see an "@type" being rendered (see AnyWriter::RenderDataPiece).
+  // before reaching here, which happens when we have data before the "@type"
+  // field.
   if (ow_ == NULL) {
-    // Make sure we are not already in an invalid state. This avoids making
-    // multiple unnecessary InvalidValue calls.
-    if (!invalid_) {
-      parent_->InvalidValue("Any",
-                            StrCat("Missing or invalid @type for any field in ",
-                                   parent_->master_type_.name()));
-      invalid_ = true;
-    }
+    // Save data before the "@type" field for later replay.
+    uninterpreted_events_.push_back(Event(Event::START_OBJECT, name));
   } else if (is_well_known_type_ && depth_ == 1) {
     // For well-known types, the only other field besides "@type" should be a
     // "value" field.
@@ -222,10 +217,15 @@ void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::StartObject(StringPiece name) {
 
 bool ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::EndObject() {
   --depth_;
-  // As long as depth_ >= 0, we know we haven't reached the end of Any.
-  // Propagate these EndObject() calls to the contained ow_. For regular
-  // message types, we propagate the end of Any as well.
-  if (ow_ != NULL && (depth_ >= 0 || !is_well_known_type_)) {
+  if (ow_ == NULL) {
+    if (depth_ >= 0) {
+      // Save data before the "@type" field for later replay.
+      uninterpreted_events_.push_back(Event(Event::END_OBJECT));
+    }
+  } else if (depth_ >= 0 || !is_well_known_type_) {
+    // As long as depth_ >= 0, we know we haven't reached the end of Any.
+    // Propagate these EndObject() calls to the contained ow_. For regular
+    // message types, we propagate the end of Any as well.
     ow_->EndObject();
   }
   // A negative depth_ implies that we have reached the end of Any
@@ -239,14 +239,9 @@ bool ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::EndObject() {
 
 void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::StartList(StringPiece name) {
   ++depth_;
-  // We expect ow_ to be present as this call only makes sense inside an Any.
   if (ow_ == NULL) {
-    if (!invalid_) {
-      parent_->InvalidValue("Any",
-                            StrCat("Missing or invalid @type for any field in ",
-                                   parent_->master_type_.name()));
-      invalid_ = true;
-    }
+    // Save data before the "@type" field for later replay.
+    uninterpreted_events_.push_back(Event(Event::START_LIST, name));
   } else if (is_well_known_type_ && depth_ == 1) {
     if (name != "value" && !invalid_) {
       parent_->InvalidValue("Any",
@@ -265,8 +260,10 @@ void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::EndList() {
     GOOGLE_LOG(DFATAL) << "Mismatched EndList found, should not be possible";
     depth_ = 0;
   }
-  // We don't write an error on the close, only on the open
-  if (ow_ != NULL) {
+  if (ow_ == NULL) {
+    // Save data before the "@type" field for later replay.
+    uninterpreted_events_.push_back(Event(Event::END_LIST));
+  } else {
     ow_->EndList();
   }
 }
@@ -278,12 +275,8 @@ void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::RenderDataPiece(
   if (depth_ == 0 && ow_ == NULL && name == "@type") {
     StartAny(value);
   } else if (ow_ == NULL) {
-    if (!invalid_) {
-      parent_->InvalidValue("Any",
-                            StrCat("Missing or invalid @type for any field in ",
-                                   parent_->master_type_.name()));
-      invalid_ = true;
-    }
+    // Save data before the "@type" field.
+    uninterpreted_events_.push_back(Event(name, value));
   } else if (depth_ == 0 && is_well_known_type_) {
     if (name != "value" && !invalid_) {
       parent_->InvalidValue("Any",
@@ -293,7 +286,7 @@ void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::RenderDataPiece(
     if (well_known_type_render_ == NULL) {
       // Only Any and Struct don't have a special type render but both of
       // them expect a JSON object (i.e., a StartObject() call).
-      if (!invalid_) {
+      if (value.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_NULL && !invalid_) {
         parent_->InvalidValue("Any", "Expect a JSON object.");
         invalid_ = true;
       }
@@ -358,13 +351,29 @@ void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::StartAny(const DataPiece& value) {
   if (!is_well_known_type_) {
     ow_->StartObject("");
   }
+
+  // Now we know the proto type and can interpret all data fields we gathered
+  // before the "@type" field.
+  for (int i = 0; i < uninterpreted_events_.size(); ++i) {
+    uninterpreted_events_[i].Replay(this);
+  }
 }
 
 void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::WriteAny() {
   if (ow_ == NULL) {
-    // If we had no object writer, we never got any content, so just return
-    // immediately, which is equivalent to writing an empty Any.
-    return;
+    if (uninterpreted_events_.empty()) {
+      // We never got any content, so just return immediately, which is
+      // equivalent to writing an empty Any.
+      return;
+    } else {
+      // There are uninterpreted data, but we never got a "@type" field.
+      if (!invalid_) {
+        parent_->InvalidValue("Any", StrCat("Missing @type for any field in ",
+                                            parent_->master_type_.name()));
+        invalid_ = true;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
   }
   // Render the type_url and value fields directly to the stream.
   // type_url has tag 1 and value has tag 2.
@@ -374,6 +383,41 @@ void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::WriteAny() {
   }
 }
 
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::Event::Replay(
+    AnyWriter* writer) const {
+  switch (type_) {
+    case START_OBJECT:
+      writer->StartObject(name_);
+      break;
+    case END_OBJECT:
+      writer->EndObject();
+      break;
+    case START_LIST:
+      writer->StartList(name_);
+      break;
+    case END_LIST:
+      writer->EndList();
+      break;
+    case RENDER_DATA_PIECE:
+      writer->RenderDataPiece(name_, value_);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void ProtoStreamObjectWriter::AnyWriter::Event::DeepCopy() {
+  // DataPiece only contains a string reference. To make sure the referenced
+  // string value stays valid, we make a copy of the string value and update
+  // DataPiece to reference our own copy.
+  if (value_.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
+    value_.str().AppendToString(&value_storage_);
+    value_ = DataPiece(value_storage_, value_.use_strict_base64_decoding());
+  } else if (value_.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_BYTES) {
+    value_storage_ = value_.ToBytes().ValueOrDie();
+    value_ =
+        DataPiece(value_storage_, true, value_.use_strict_base64_decoding());
+  }
+}
+
 ProtoStreamObjectWriter::Item::Item(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* enclosing,
                                     ItemType item_type, bool is_placeholder,
                                     bool is_list)
@@ -867,6 +911,7 @@ Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderStructValue(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
 
 Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderTimestamp(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
                                                 const DataPiece& data) {
+  if (data.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_NULL) return Status::OK;
   if (data.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
     return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT,
                   StrCat("Invalid data type for timestamp, value is ",
@@ -897,6 +942,7 @@ static inline util::Status RenderOneFieldPath(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
 
 Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderFieldMask(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
                                                 const DataPiece& data) {
+  if (data.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_NULL) return Status::OK;
   if (data.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
     return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT,
                   StrCat("Invalid data type for field mask, value is ",
@@ -913,6 +959,7 @@ Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderFieldMask(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
 
 Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderDuration(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
                                                const DataPiece& data) {
+  if (data.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_NULL) return Status::OK;
   if (data.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_STRING) {
     return Status(INVALID_ARGUMENT,
                   StrCat("Invalid data type for duration, value is ",
@@ -962,6 +1009,7 @@ Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderDuration(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
 
 Status ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderWrapperType(ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ow,
                                                   const DataPiece& data) {
+  if (data.type() == DataPiece::TYPE_NULL) return Status::OK;
   ow->ProtoWriter::RenderDataPiece("value", data);
   return Status::OK;
 }
@@ -1049,13 +1097,18 @@ ProtoStreamObjectWriter* ProtoStreamObjectWriter::RenderDataPiece(
   // Check if the field is of special type. Render it accordingly if so.
   const TypeRenderer* type_renderer = FindTypeRenderer(field->type_url());
   if (type_renderer != NULL) {
-    Push(name, Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
-    status = (*type_renderer)(this, data);
-    if (!status.ok()) {
-      InvalidValue(field->type_url(),
-                   StrCat("Field '", name, "', ", status.error_message()));
+    // Pass through null value only for google.protobuf.Value. For other
+    // types we ignore null value just like for regular field types.
+    if (data.type() != DataPiece::TYPE_NULL ||
+        field->type_url() == kStructValueTypeUrl) {
+      Push(name, Item::MESSAGE, false, false);
+      status = (*type_renderer)(this, data);
+      if (!status.ok()) {
+        InvalidValue(field->type_url(),
+                     StrCat("Field '", name, "', ", status.error_message()));
+      }
+      Pop();
     }
-    Pop();
     return this;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h
index 2e4d14d1..732971e1 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter.h
@@ -87,8 +87,14 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoStreamObjectWriter : public ProtoWriter {
     // just ignore it and continue to process the rest.
     bool ignore_unknown_fields;
 
+    // If true, check if enum name in camel case or without underscore matches
+    // the field name.
+    bool use_lower_camel_for_enums;
+
     Options()
-        : struct_integers_as_strings(false), ignore_unknown_fields(false) {}
+        : struct_integers_as_strings(false),
+          ignore_unknown_fields(false),
+          use_lower_camel_for_enums(false) {}
 
     // Default instance of Options with all options set to defaults.
     static const Options& Defaults() {
@@ -145,6 +151,57 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoStreamObjectWriter : public ProtoWriter {
     void RenderDataPiece(StringPiece name, const DataPiece& value);
 
    private:
+    // Before the "@type" field is encountered, we store all incoming data
+    // into this Event struct and replay them after we get the "@type" field.
+    class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Event {
+     public:
+      enum Type {
+        START_OBJECT = 0,
+        END_OBJECT = 1,
+        START_LIST = 2,
+        END_LIST = 3,
+        RENDER_DATA_PIECE = 4,
+      };
+
+      // Constructor for END_OBJECT and END_LIST events.
+      explicit Event(Type type) : type_(type), value_(DataPiece::NullData()) {}
+
+      // Constructor for START_OBJECT and START_LIST events.
+      explicit Event(Type type, StringPiece name)
+          : type_(type),
+            name_(name.ToString()),
+            value_(DataPiece::NullData()) {}
+
+      // Constructor for RENDER_DATA_PIECE events.
+      explicit Event(StringPiece name, const DataPiece& value)
+          : type_(RENDER_DATA_PIECE), name_(name.ToString()), value_(value) {
+        DeepCopy();
+      }
+
+      Event(const Event& other)
+          : type_(other.type_), name_(other.name_), value_(other.value_) {
+        DeepCopy();
+      }
+
+      Event& operator=(const Event& other) {
+        type_ = other.type_;
+        name_ = other.name_;
+        value_ = other.value_;
+        DeepCopy();
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      void Replay(AnyWriter* writer) const;
+
+     private:
+      void DeepCopy();
+
+      Type type_;
+      string name_;
+      DataPiece value_;
+      string value_storage_;
+    };
+
     // Handles starting up the any once we have a type.
     void StartAny(const DataPiece& value);
 
@@ -180,6 +237,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT ProtoStreamObjectWriter : public ProtoWriter {
     // }
     bool is_well_known_type_;
     TypeRenderer* well_known_type_render_;
+
+    // Store data before the "@type" field.
+    std::vector<Event> uninterpreted_events_;
   };
 
   // Represents an item in a stack of items used to keep state between
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc
index 30e58e62..e7b38520 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/protostream_objectwriter_test.cc
@@ -41,18 +41,20 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/dynamic_message.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/message.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/util/internal/mock_error_listener.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/field_mask.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/wrappers.pb.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/util/internal/type_info_test_helper.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/util/internal/constants.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/bytestream.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.pb.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.pb.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.pb.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.pb.h>
-#include <google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.pb.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 
@@ -61,27 +63,28 @@ namespace protobuf {
 namespace util {
 namespace converter {
 
+using google::protobuf::testing::AnyM;
+using google::protobuf::testing::AnyOut;
 using google::protobuf::testing::Author;
 using google::protobuf::testing::Book;
-using google::protobuf::testing::Book_Data;
+using google::protobuf::testing::FieldMaskTest;
+using google::protobuf::testing::Int32Wrapper;
+using google::protobuf::testing::MapIn;
 using google::protobuf::testing::Primitive;
+using google::protobuf::testing::Proto3Message;
 using google::protobuf::testing::Publisher;
+using google::protobuf::testing::StructType;
+using google::protobuf::testing::TimestampDuration;
+using google::protobuf::testing::ValueWrapper;
+using google::protobuf::testing::oneofs::OneOfsRequest;
 using google::protobuf::Descriptor;
 using google::protobuf::DescriptorPool;
 using google::protobuf::DynamicMessageFactory;
 using google::protobuf::FileDescriptorProto;
 using google::protobuf::Message;
-using google::protobuf::io::ArrayInputStream;
 using strings::GrowingArrayByteSink;
 using ::testing::_;
 using ::testing::Args;
-using google::protobuf::testing::anys::AnyM;
-using google::protobuf::testing::anys::AnyOut;
-using google::protobuf::testing::oneofs::OneOfsRequest;
-using google::protobuf::testing::FieldMaskTest;
-using google::protobuf::testing::maps::MapIn;
-using google::protobuf::testing::structs::StructType;
-using google::protobuf::testing::timestampduration::TimestampDuration;
 
 
 namespace {
@@ -268,6 +271,84 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, CustomJsonName) {
   CheckOutput(book);
 }
 
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, IntEnumValuesAreAccepted) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_type(google::protobuf::testing::Book_Type_KIDS);
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "2")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, EnumValuesWithoutUnderscoreAreAccepted) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_type(google::protobuf::testing::Book_Type_ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE);
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  options_.use_lower_camel_for_enums = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "ACTIONANDADVENTURE")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, EnumValuesInCamelCaseAreAccepted) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_type(google::protobuf::testing::Book_Type_ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE);
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  options_.use_lower_camel_for_enums = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "actionAndAdventure")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest,
+       EnumValuesInCamelCaseWithNameNotUppercaseAreAccepted) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("Some Book");
+  book.set_type(google::protobuf::testing::Book_Type_arts_and_photography);
+  Author* robert = book.mutable_author();
+  robert->set_name("robert");
+
+  options_.use_lower_camel_for_enums = true;
+  ResetProtoWriter();
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderString("title", "Some Book")
+      ->RenderString("type", "artsAndPhotography")
+      ->StartObject("author")
+      ->RenderString("name", "robert")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(book);
+}
+
 TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, PrimitiveFromStringConversion) {
   Primitive full;
   full.set_fix32(101);
@@ -826,6 +907,19 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, IgnoreUnknownListAtPublisher) {
   CheckOutput(expected);
 }
 
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, AcceptUnknownEnumValue) {
+  ResetTypeInfo(Proto3Message::descriptor());
+
+  Proto3Message expected;
+  expected.set_enum_value(static_cast<Proto3Message::NestedEnum>(12345));
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->RenderInt32("enumValue", 12345)
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
 TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTest, MissingRequiredField) {
   Book expected;
   expected.set_title("My Title");
@@ -1338,9 +1432,9 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
       InvalidValue(
           _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp"),
           StringPiece(
-              "Field 'ts', Invalid data type for timestamp, value is null")))
+              "Field 'ts', Invalid data type for timestamp, value is 1")))
       .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("ts")));
-  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("ts")->EndObject();
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderInt32("ts", 1)->EndObject();
   CheckOutput(timestamp);
 }
 
@@ -1352,8 +1446,22 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest,
       InvalidValue(
           _, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration"),
           StringPiece(
-              "Field 'dur', Invalid data type for duration, value is null")))
+              "Field 'dur', Invalid data type for duration, value is 1")))
       .With(Args<0>(HasObjectLocation("dur")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderInt32("dur", 1)->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(duration);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, TimestampAcceptsNull) {
+  TimestampDuration timestamp;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("ts")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(timestamp);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterTimestampDurationTest, DurationAcceptsNull) {
+  TimestampDuration duration;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
   ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("dur")->EndObject();
   CheckOutput(duration);
 }
@@ -1415,6 +1523,28 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, StructInvalidInputFailure) {
   CheckOutput(struct_type);
 }
 
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, StructAcceptsNull) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("object")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, StructValuePreservesNull) {
+  StructType struct_type;
+  (*struct_type.mutable_object()->mutable_fields())["key"].set_null_value(
+      google::protobuf::NULL_VALUE);
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("object")
+      ->RenderNull("key")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(struct_type);
+}
+
 TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, SimpleRepeatedStructMapKeyTest) {
   EXPECT_CALL(
       listener_,
@@ -1482,6 +1612,15 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, OptionStructIntAsStringsTest) {
   CheckOutput(struct_type);
 }
 
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterStructTest, ValuePreservesNull) {
+  ValueWrapper value;
+  value.mutable_value()->set_null_value(google::protobuf::NULL_VALUE);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("value")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(value);
+}
+
 class ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
  protected:
   ProtoStreamObjectWriterMapTest()
@@ -1527,11 +1666,14 @@ class ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
   ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest() {
     vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
     descriptors.push_back(AnyOut::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(Book::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Any::descriptor());
     descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::DoubleValue::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::FieldMask::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Int32Value::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Struct::descriptor());
     descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Timestamp::descriptor());
-    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Any::descriptor());
     descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Value::descriptor());
-    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Struct::descriptor());
     ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
   }
 };
@@ -1564,8 +1706,7 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, RecursiveAny) {
   any->set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any");
 
   ::google::protobuf::Any nested_any;
-  nested_any.set_type_url(
-      "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM");
+  nested_any.set_type_url("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.AnyM");
 
   AnyM m;
   m.set_foo("foovalue");
@@ -1578,11 +1719,12 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, RecursiveAny) {
       ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
       ->StartObject("value")
       ->RenderString("@type",
-                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM")
+                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.AnyM")
       ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
       ->EndObject()
       ->EndObject()
       ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out, 107);
 }
 
 TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, DoubleRecursiveAny) {
@@ -1595,7 +1737,7 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, DoubleRecursiveAny) {
 
   ::google::protobuf::Any second_nested_any;
   second_nested_any.set_type_url(
-      "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM");
+      "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.AnyM");
 
   AnyM m;
   m.set_foo("foovalue");
@@ -1611,18 +1753,110 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, DoubleRecursiveAny) {
       ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
       ->StartObject("value")
       ->RenderString("@type",
-                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyM")
+                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.AnyM")
       ->RenderString("foo", "foovalue")
       ->EndObject()
       ->EndObject()
       ->EndObject()
       ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out, 151);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, TypeUrlAtEnd) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("C++");
+  book.set_length(1234);
+  book.set_content("Hello World!");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any any;
+  any.PackFrom(book);
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any outer_any;
+  outer_any.PackFrom(any);
+
+  AnyOut out;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(outer_any);
+
+  // Put the @type field at the end of each Any message. Parsers should
+  // be able to accept that.
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->StartObject("value")
+      ->RenderString("title", "C++")
+      ->RenderInt32("length", 1234)
+      ->RenderBytes("content", "Hello World!")
+      ->RenderString("@type",
+                     "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.Book")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// Same as TypeUrlAtEnd, but use temporary string values to make sure we don't
+// mistakenly store StringPiece objects pointing to invalid memory.
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, TypeUrlAtEndWithTemporaryStrings) {
+  Book book;
+  book.set_title("C++");
+  book.set_length(1234);
+  book.set_content("Hello World!");
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any any;
+  any.PackFrom(book);
+
+  ::google::protobuf::Any outer_any;
+  outer_any.PackFrom(any);
+
+  AnyOut out;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(outer_any);
+
+  string name, value;
+  // Put the @type field at the end of each Any message. Parsers should
+  // be able to accept that.
+  ow_->StartObject("")->StartObject("any");
+  {
+    ow_->StartObject("value");
+    {
+      ow_->StartObject("value");
+      {
+        name = "title";
+        value = "C++";
+        ow_->RenderString(name, value);
+        name = "length";
+        ow_->RenderInt32(name, 1234);
+        name = "content";
+        value = "Hello World!";
+        ow_->RenderBytes(name, value);
+        name = "@type";
+        value = "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.testing.Book";
+        ow_->RenderString(name, value);
+      }
+      ow_->EndObject();
+
+      name = "@type";
+      value = "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any";
+      ow_->RenderString(name, value);
+    }
+    ow_->EndObject();
+
+    name = "@type";
+    value = "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any";
+    ow_->RenderString(name, value);
+  }
+  ow_->EndObject()->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
 }
 
 TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, EmptyAnyFromEmptyObject) {
   AnyOut out;
   out.mutable_any();
 
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+
   ow_->StartObject("")->StartObject("any")->EndObject()->EndObject();
 
   CheckOutput(out, 2);
@@ -1631,11 +1865,10 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, EmptyAnyFromEmptyObject) {
 TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithoutTypeUrlFails1) {
   AnyOut any;
 
-  EXPECT_CALL(
-      listener_,
-      InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
-                   StringPiece("Missing or invalid @type for any field in "
-                               "google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyOut")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                           StringPiece("Missing @type for any field in "
+                                       "google.protobuf.testing.AnyOut")));
 
   ow_->StartObject("")
       ->StartObject("any")
@@ -1649,11 +1882,10 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithoutTypeUrlFails1) {
 TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithoutTypeUrlFails2) {
   AnyOut any;
 
-  EXPECT_CALL(
-      listener_,
-      InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
-                   StringPiece("Missing or invalid @type for any field in "
-                               "google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyOut")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                           StringPiece("Missing @type for any field in "
+                                       "google.protobuf.testing.AnyOut")));
 
   ow_->StartObject("")
       ->StartObject("any")
@@ -1667,11 +1899,10 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithoutTypeUrlFails2) {
 TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithoutTypeUrlFails3) {
   AnyOut any;
 
-  EXPECT_CALL(
-      listener_,
-      InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
-                   StringPiece("Missing or invalid @type for any field in "
-                               "google.protobuf.testing.anys.AnyOut")));
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_,
+              InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("Any"),
+                           StringPiece("Missing @type for any field in "
+                                       "google.protobuf.testing.AnyOut")));
 
   ow_->StartObject("")
       ->StartObject("any")
@@ -1716,9 +1947,21 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWithUnknownTypeFails) {
   CheckOutput(any);
 }
 
-TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyNullInputFails) {
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyIncorrectInputTypeFails) {
+  AnyOut any;
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(
+      listener_,
+      InvalidValue(_, StringPiece("type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any"),
+                   StringPiece("1")));
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderInt32("any", 1)->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(any);
+}
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyAcceptsNull) {
   AnyOut any;
 
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
   ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("any")->EndObject();
   CheckOutput(any);
 }
@@ -1956,6 +2199,111 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyWellKnownTypesExpectObjectForAny) {
   CheckOutput(any);
 }
 
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any",
+//     "value": null
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, AnyInAnyAcceptsNull) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  google::protobuf::Any empty;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(empty);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Any")
+      ->RenderNull("value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp",
+//     "value": null
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, TimestampInAnyAcceptsNull) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  google::protobuf::Timestamp empty;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(empty);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Timestamp")
+      ->RenderNull("value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration",
+//     "value": null
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, DurationInAnyAcceptsNull) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  google::protobuf::Duration empty;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(empty);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration")
+      ->RenderNull("value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask",
+//     "value": null
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, FieldMaskInAnyAcceptsNull) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  google::protobuf::FieldMask empty;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(empty);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.FieldMask")
+      ->RenderNull("value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
+// {
+//   "any": {
+//     "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value",
+//     "value": null
+//   }
+// }
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterAnyTest, WrapperInAnyAcceptsNull) {
+  AnyOut out;
+  google::protobuf::Int32Value empty;
+  out.mutable_any()->PackFrom(empty);
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")
+      ->StartObject("any")
+      ->RenderString("@type", "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Int32Value")
+      ->RenderNull("value")
+      ->EndObject()
+      ->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(out);
+}
+
 class ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest
     : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
  protected:
@@ -2201,6 +2549,36 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, MapKeyCanContainAnyChars) {
   CheckOutput(expected);
 }
 
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterFieldMaskTest, FieldMaskAcceptsNull) {
+  FieldMaskTest expected;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidValue(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("single_mask")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(expected);
+}
+
+class ProtoStreamObjectWriterWrappersTest
+    : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
+ protected:
+  ProtoStreamObjectWriterWrappersTest() {
+    vector<const Descriptor*> descriptors;
+    descriptors.push_back(Int32Wrapper::descriptor());
+    descriptors.push_back(google::protobuf::Int32Value::descriptor());
+    ResetTypeInfo(descriptors);
+  }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DifferentTypeInfoSourceTest,
+                        ProtoStreamObjectWriterWrappersTest,
+                        ::testing::Values(
+                            testing::USE_TYPE_RESOLVER));
+
+TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterWrappersTest, WrapperAcceptsNull) {
+  Int32Wrapper wrapper;
+  EXPECT_CALL(listener_, InvalidName(_, _, _)).Times(0);
+  ow_->StartObject("")->RenderNull("int32")->EndObject();
+  CheckOutput(wrapper);
+}
+
 class ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest
     : public BaseProtoStreamObjectWriterTest {
  protected:
@@ -2368,7 +2746,6 @@ TEST_P(ProtoStreamObjectWriterOneOfsTest,
                            StringPiece("oneof field 'data' is already set. "
                                        "Cannot set 'intData'")));
 
-  using google::protobuf::testing::oneofs::OneOfsRequest;
   // JSON:
   // { "anyData":
   //    { "@type":
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto
index 18c59cbb..a9ebca3d 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/anys.proto
@@ -28,16 +28,75 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-// Proto to test Proto3 Any serialization.
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-package google.protobuf.testing.anys;
-option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing.anys";
+package google.protobuf.testing;
 
 import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+// Top-level test cases proto used by MarshallingTest. See description
+// at the top of the class MarshallingTest for details on how to write
+// test cases.
+message AnyTestCases {
+  AnyWrapper empty_any = 1;
+  AnyWrapper type_only_any = 2;
+  AnyWrapper wrapper_any = 3;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_timestamp_value = 4;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_duration_value = 5;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_struct_value = 6;
+  AnyWrapper recursive_any = 7;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_message_value = 8;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_nested_message = 9;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_message_with_wrapper_type = 10;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_message_with_timestamp = 11;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_message_containing_map = 12;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_message_containing_struct = 13;
+  AnyWrapper any_with_message_containing_repeated_message = 14;
+  AnyWrapper recursive_any_with_type_field_at_end = 15;
+
+  google.protobuf.Any top_level_any = 50;
+  google.protobuf.Any top_level_any_with_type_field_at_end = 51;
+}
+
+message AnyWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.Any any = 1;
+}
+
+// Hack to make sure the types we put into the any are included in the types.
+// Real solution is to add these types to the service config.
+message Imports {
+  google.protobuf.DoubleValue dbl = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 3;
+  google.protobuf.Duration duration = 4;
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value i32 = 5;
+  Data data = 100;
+}
+
+message Data {
+  int32 attr = 1;
+  string str = 2;
+  repeated string msgs = 3;
+  Data nested_data = 4;
+  google.protobuf.Int32Value int_wrapper = 5;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp time = 6;
+  map<string, string> map_data = 7;
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct_data = 8;
+  repeated Data repeated_data = 9;
+}
+
+service AnyTestService {
+  rpc Call(AnyTestCases) returns (AnyTestCases);
+  rpc Call1(Imports) returns (Imports);
+}
 
 message AnyIn {
   string something = 1;
+  google.protobuf.Any any = 2;
 }
 
 message AnyOut {
@@ -47,7 +106,3 @@ message AnyOut {
 message AnyM {
   string foo = 1;
 }
-
-service TestService {
-  rpc Call(AnyIn) returns (AnyOut);
-}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto
index 1cbbba47..9fe4f7aa 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/books.proto
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@
 // Author: sven@google.com (Sven Mawson)
 //
 // Sample protos for testing.
+
+// Some of the older enums don't use CAPITALS_WITH_UNDERSCORES for testing.
+// LINT: LEGACY_NAMES
+
 syntax = "proto2";
 
 package google.protobuf.testing;
@@ -60,6 +64,7 @@ message Book {
     FICTION = 1;
     KIDS = 2;
     ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE = 3;
+    arts_and_photography = 4;
   }
   optional Type type = 11;
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto
index 6475ecdd..0f381b32 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/maps.proto
@@ -28,11 +28,76 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-// Proto to test proto3 maps.
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-package google.protobuf.testing.maps;
-option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing.maps";
+package google.protobuf.testing;
+
+// Top-level test cases proto used by MarshallingTest. See description
+// at the top of the class MarshallingTest for details on how to write
+// test cases.
+message MapsTestCases {
+  EmptyMap empty_map = 1;
+  StringtoInt string_to_int = 2;
+  IntToString int_to_string = 3;
+  Mixed1 mixed1 = 4;
+  Mixed2 mixed2 = 5;
+  MapOfObjects map_of_objects = 6;
+
+  // Empty key tests
+  StringtoInt empty_key_string_to_int1 = 7;
+  StringtoInt empty_key_string_to_int2 = 8;
+  StringtoInt empty_key_string_to_int3 = 9;
+  BoolToString empty_key_bool_to_string = 10;
+  IntToString empty_key_int_to_string = 11;
+  Mixed1 empty_key_mixed = 12;
+  MapOfObjects empty_key_map_objects = 13;
+}
+
+message EmptyMap {
+  map<int32, int32> map = 1;
+}
+
+message StringtoInt {
+  map<string, int32> map = 1;
+}
+
+message IntToString {
+  map<int32, string> map = 1;
+}
+
+message BoolToString {
+  map<bool, string> map = 1;
+}
+
+message Mixed1 {
+  string msg = 1;
+  map<string, float> map = 2;
+}
+
+message Mixed2 {
+  enum E {
+    E0 = 0;
+    E1 = 1;
+    E2 = 2;
+    E3 = 3;
+  }
+  map<int32, bool> map = 1;
+  E ee = 2;
+}
+
+message MapOfObjects {
+  message M {
+    string inner_text = 1;
+  }
+  map<string, M> map = 1;
+}
+
+message DummyRequest {
+}
+
+service MapsTestService {
+  rpc Call(DummyRequest) returns (MapsTestCases);
+}
 
 message MapIn {
   string other = 1;
@@ -79,8 +144,3 @@ message MapOutWireFormat {
 message MapM {
   string foo = 1;
 }
-
-service TestService {
-  rpc Call1(MapIn) returns (MapOut);
-  rpc Call2(MapIn) returns (MapOut);
-}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.proto
index 5bc9fa08..c37da083 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/oneofs.proto
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-// Proto to test oneofs.
+// Proto to test proto3 oneofs.
 syntax = "proto3";
 
 import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
 import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
 
 package google.protobuf.testing.oneofs;
-option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing.oneofs";
 
 message OneOfsRequest {
   string value = 1;
@@ -45,24 +44,34 @@ message OneOfsRequest {
     int32 int_data = 3;
     // Simple message
     Data message_data = 4;
+    MoreData more_data = 5;
     // Well known types
-    google.protobuf.Struct struct_data = 5;
-    google.protobuf.Value value_data = 6;
-    google.protobuf.ListValue list_value_data = 7;
-    google.protobuf.Timestamp ts_data = 8;
+    google.protobuf.Struct struct_data = 6;
+    google.protobuf.Value value_data = 7;
+    google.protobuf.ListValue list_value_data = 8;
+    google.protobuf.Timestamp ts_data = 9;
   }
   google.protobuf.Any any_data = 19;
 }
 
+message RequestWithSimpleOneof {
+  string value = 1;
+  oneof data {
+    string str_data = 2;
+    int32 int_data = 3;
+    Data message_data = 4;
+    MoreData more_data = 5;
+  }
+}
+
 message Data {
   int32 data_value = 1;
 }
 
-message Response {
-  string value = 1;
+message MoreData {
+  string str_value = 1;
 }
 
-service TestService {
-  // Test call.
-  rpc Call(OneOfsRequest) returns (Response);
+message Response {
+  string value = 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.proto
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c013cee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/proto3.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package google.protobuf.testing;
+
+message Proto3Message {
+  enum NestedEnum {
+    FOO = 0;
+    BAR = 1;
+    BAZ = 2;
+  }
+  NestedEnum enum_value = 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto
index c15aba0d..7b1cc1b9 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/struct.proto
@@ -28,18 +28,90 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-// Proto to test proto3 struct.
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-package google.protobuf.testing.structs;
-option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing.structs";
+package google.protobuf.testing;
 
 import "google/protobuf/struct.proto";
 
-message StructType {
-  google.protobuf.Struct object = 1;
+message StructTestCases {
+  StructWrapper empty_value = 1;
+  StructWrapper empty_value2 = 2;
+  StructWrapper null_value = 3;
+  StructWrapper simple_struct = 4;
+  StructWrapper longer_struct = 5;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_nested_struct = 6;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_nested_list = 7;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_list_of_nulls = 8;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_list_of_lists = 9;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_list_of_structs = 10;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_empty_list = 11;
+  StructWrapper struct_with_list_with_empty_struct = 12;
+  google.protobuf.Struct top_level_struct = 13;
+  google.protobuf.Struct top_level_struct_with_empty_list = 14;
+  google.protobuf.Struct top_level_struct_with_list_with_empty_struct = 15;
+  ValueWrapper value_wrapper_simple = 16;
+  ValueWrapper value_wrapper_with_struct = 17;
+  ValueWrapper value_wrapper_with_list = 18;
+  ValueWrapper value_wrapper_with_empty_list = 19;
+  ValueWrapper value_wrapper_with_list_with_empty_struct = 20;
+  ListValueWrapper list_value_wrapper = 21;
+  ListValueWrapper list_value_wrapper_with_empty_list = 22;
+  ListValueWrapper list_value_wrapper_with_list_with_empty_struct = 23;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_simple = 24;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_with_struct = 25;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_with_list = 26;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_with_empty_list = 27;
+  google.protobuf.Value top_level_value_with_list_with_empty_struct = 28;
+  google.protobuf.ListValue top_level_listvalue = 29;
+  google.protobuf.ListValue top_level_empty_listvalue = 30;
+  google.protobuf.ListValue top_level_listvalue_with_empty_struct = 31;
+  RepeatedValueWrapper repeated_value = 32;
+  RepeatedValueWrapper repeated_value_nested_list = 33;
+  RepeatedValueWrapper repeated_value_nested_list2 = 34;
+  RepeatedValueWrapper repeated_value_nested_list3 = 35;
+  RepeatedListValueWrapper repeated_listvalue = 36;
+  MapOfStruct map_of_struct = 37;
+  MapOfStruct map_of_struct_value = 38;
+  MapOfStruct map_of_listvalue = 39;
+}
+
+message StructWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.Struct struct = 1;
+}
+
+message ValueWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.Value value = 1;
+}
+
+message RepeatedValueWrapper {
+  repeated google.protobuf.Value values = 1;
+}
+
+message ListValueWrapper {
+  google.protobuf.ListValue shopping_list = 1;
 }
 
-service TestService {
-  rpc Call(StructType) returns (StructType);
+message RepeatedListValueWrapper {
+  repeated google.protobuf.ListValue dimensions = 1;
+}
+
+message MapOfStruct {
+  map<string, google.protobuf.Struct> struct_map = 1;
+  map<string, google.protobuf.Value> value_map = 2;
+  map<string, google.protobuf.ListValue> listvalue_map = 3;
+}
+
+// Hack to test return types with Struct as top-level message. Struct typers
+// cannot be directly used in API requests. Hence using Dummy as request type.
+message Dummy {
+  string text = 1;
+}
+
+service StructTestService {
+  rpc Call(Dummy) returns (StructTestCases);
+}
+
+message StructType {
+  google.protobuf.Struct object = 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto
index 56351f16..b74484ce 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/testdata/timestamp_duration.proto
@@ -28,20 +28,53 @@
 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-// Proto to test proto3 Timestamp and Duration.
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-package google.protobuf.testing.timestampduration;
-option java_package = "com.google.protobuf.testing.timestampduration";
+package google.protobuf.testing;
 
 import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
 import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
 
+message TimestampDurationTestCases {
+  // Timestamp tests
+  TimeStampType epoch = 1;
+  TimeStampType epoch2 = 2;
+  TimeStampType mintime = 3;
+  TimeStampType maxtime = 4;
+  TimeStampType timeval1 = 5;
+  TimeStampType timeval2 = 6;
+  TimeStampType timeval3 = 7;
+  TimeStampType timeval4 = 8;
+  TimeStampType timeval5 = 9;
+  TimeStampType timeval6 = 10;
+  TimeStampType timeval7 = 11;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp timeval8 = 12;
+
+  // Duration tests
+  DurationType zero_duration = 101;
+  DurationType min_duration = 102;
+  DurationType max_duration = 103;
+  DurationType duration1 = 104;
+  DurationType duration2 = 105;
+  DurationType duration3 = 106;
+  DurationType duration4 = 107;
+  google.protobuf.Duration duration5 = 108;
+}
+
+message TimeStampType {
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp timestamp = 1;
+}
+
+message DurationType {
+  google.protobuf.Duration duration = 1;
+}
+
+service TimestampDurationTestService {
+  rpc Call(TimestampDurationTestCases) returns (TimestampDurationTestCases);
+}
+
 message TimestampDuration {
   google.protobuf.Timestamp ts = 1;
   google.protobuf.Duration dur = 2;
-}
-
-service TestService {
-  rpc Call(TimestampDuration) returns (TimestampDuration);
+  repeated google.protobuf.Timestamp rep_ts = 3;
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc
index 5f613e77..9aab3481 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.cc
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/map_util.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/mathlimits.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
+
 namespace google {
 namespace protobuf {
 namespace util {
@@ -178,6 +180,19 @@ const google::protobuf::Field* FindJsonFieldInTypeOrNull(
   return NULL;
 }
 
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldInTypeByNumberOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type, int32 number) {
+  if (type != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < type->fields_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::Field& field = type->fields(i);
+      if (field.number() == number) {
+        return &field;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
 const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(
     const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, StringPiece enum_name) {
   if (enum_type != NULL) {
@@ -204,6 +219,32 @@ const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNumberOrNull(
   return NULL;
 }
 
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNameWithoutUnderscoreOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, StringPiece enum_name) {
+  if (enum_type != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < enum_type->enumvalue_size(); ++i) {
+      const google::protobuf::EnumValue& enum_value = enum_type->enumvalue(i);
+      string enum_name_without_underscore = enum_value.name();
+
+      // Remove underscore from the name.
+      enum_name_without_underscore.erase(
+          std::remove(enum_name_without_underscore.begin(),
+                      enum_name_without_underscore.end(), '_'),
+          enum_name_without_underscore.end());
+      // Make the name uppercase.
+      for (string::iterator it = enum_name_without_underscore.begin();
+           it != enum_name_without_underscore.end(); ++it) {
+        *it = ascii_toupper(*it);
+      }
+
+      if (enum_name_without_underscore == enum_name) {
+        return &enum_value;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
 string ToCamelCase(const StringPiece input) {
   bool capitalize_next = false;
   bool was_cap = true;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h
index 26fed444..667e660c 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/internal/utility.h
@@ -136,6 +136,10 @@ const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldInTypeOrNull(
 const google::protobuf::Field* FindJsonFieldInTypeOrNull(
     const google::protobuf::Type* type, StringPiece json_name);
 
+// Similar to FindFieldInTypeOrNull, but this looks up fields by number.
+const google::protobuf::Field* FindFieldInTypeByNumberOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Type* type, int32 number);
+
 // Finds and returns the EnumValue identified by enum_name in the passed tech
 // Enum object. Returns NULL if none found.
 const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(
@@ -146,6 +150,13 @@ const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNameOrNull(
 const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNumberOrNull(
     const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, int32 value);
 
+// Finds and returns the EnumValue identified by enum_name without underscore in
+// the passed tech Enum object. Returns NULL if none found.
+// For Ex. if enum_name is ACTIONANDADVENTURE it can get accepted if
+// EnumValue's name is action_and_adventure or ACTION_AND_ADVENTURE.
+const google::protobuf::EnumValue* FindEnumValueByNameWithoutUnderscoreOrNull(
+    const google::protobuf::Enum* enum_type, StringPiece enum_name);
+
 // Converts input to camel-case and returns it.
 LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT string ToCamelCase(const StringPiece input);
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h b/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h
index 654d1a67..fde37cf9 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h
@@ -221,19 +221,19 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
     // Reports that a field has been added into Message2.
     virtual void ReportAdded(
         const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
-        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) = 0;
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) = 0;
 
     // Reports that a field has been deleted from Message1.
     virtual void ReportDeleted(
         const Message& message1,
         const Message& message2,
-        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) = 0;
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) = 0;
 
     // Reports that the value of a field has been modified.
     virtual void ReportModified(
         const Message& message1,
         const Message& message2,
-        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) = 0;
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) = 0;
 
     // Reports that a repeated field has been moved to another location.  This
     // only applies when using TreatAsSet or TreatAsMap()  -- see below. Also
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
     virtual void ReportMoved(
         const Message& message1,
         const Message& message2,
-        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) { }
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) { }
 
     // Reports that two fields match. Useful for doing side-by-side diffs.
     // This function is mutually exclusive with ReportModified and ReportMoved.
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
     virtual void ReportMatched(
         const Message& message1,
         const Message& message2,
-        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) { }
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) { }
 
     // Reports that two fields would have been compared, but the
     // comparison has been skipped because the field was marked as
@@ -276,14 +276,14 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
     virtual void ReportIgnored(
         const Message& message1,
         const Message& message2,
-        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) { }
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) { }
 
     // Report that an unknown field is ignored. (see comment above).
     // Note this is a different function since the last SpecificField in field
     // path has a null field.  This could break existing Reporter.
     virtual void ReportUnknownFieldIgnored(
         const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
-        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {}
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path) {}
 
    private:
     GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Reporter);
@@ -296,9 +296,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
     MapKeyComparator();
     virtual ~MapKeyComparator();
 
-    virtual bool IsMatch(const Message& message1,
-                         const Message& message2,
-                         const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) const {
+    virtual bool IsMatch(
+        const Message& message1,
+        const Message& message2,
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) const {
       GOOGLE_CHECK(false) << "IsMatch() is not implemented.";
       return false;
     }
@@ -323,7 +324,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
         const Message& message1,
         const Message& message2,
         const FieldDescriptor* field,
-        const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) = 0;
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) = 0;
 
     // Returns true if the unknown field should be ignored.
     // Note: This will be called for unknown fields as well in which case
@@ -331,7 +332,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
     virtual bool IsUnknownFieldIgnored(
         const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
         const SpecificField& field,
-        const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) {
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields) {
       return false;
     }
   };
@@ -440,7 +441,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
   // size of each element.
   void TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey(
       const FieldDescriptor* field,
-      const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& key_fields);
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& key_fields);
   // Same as TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey, except that each of the field
   // do not necessarily need to be a direct subfield. Each element in
   // key_field_paths indicate a path from the message being compared, listing
@@ -456,7 +457,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
   //       !key_field_path[i]->is_repeated()
   void TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldPathsAsKey(
       const FieldDescriptor* field,
-      const vector<vector<const FieldDescriptor*> >& key_field_paths);
+      const std::vector<std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*> >& key_field_paths);
 
   // Uses a custom MapKeyComparator to determine if two elements have the same
   // key when comparing a repeated field as a map.
@@ -549,9 +550,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
 
   // Same as above, except comparing only the list of fields specified by the
   // two vectors of FieldDescriptors.
-  bool CompareWithFields(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
-                         const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields,
-                         const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields);
+  bool CompareWithFields(
+      const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields,
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields);
 
   // Automatically creates a reporter that will output the differences
   // found (if any) to the specified output string pointer. Note that this
@@ -591,35 +593,35 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
 
     // The following are implementations of the methods described above.
     virtual void ReportAdded(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
-                             const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+                             const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
 
     virtual void ReportDeleted(const Message& message1,
                                const Message& message2,
-                               const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+                               const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
 
     virtual void ReportModified(const Message& message1,
                                 const Message& message2,
-                                const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+                                const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
 
     virtual void ReportMoved(const Message& message1,
                              const Message& message2,
-                             const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+                             const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
 
     virtual void ReportMatched(const Message& message1,
                                const Message& message2,
-                               const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+                               const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
 
     virtual void ReportIgnored(const Message& message1,
                                const Message& message2,
-                               const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+                               const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
 
     virtual void ReportUnknownFieldIgnored(
         const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
-        const vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
+        const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path);
 
    protected:
     // Prints the specified path of fields to the buffer.
-    virtual void PrintPath(const vector<SpecificField>& field_path,
+    virtual void PrintPath(const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path,
                            bool left_side);
 
     // Prints the value of fields to the buffer.  left_side is true if the
@@ -628,7 +630,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
     // unknown_field_index1 or unknown_field_index2 when an unknown field
     // is encountered in field_path.
     virtual void PrintValue(const Message& message,
-                            const vector<SpecificField>& field_path,
+                            const std::vector<SpecificField>& field_path,
                             bool left_side);
 
     // Prints the specified path of unknown fields to the buffer.
@@ -659,11 +661,11 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
   // All fields present in both lists will always be included in the combined
   // list.  Fields only present in one of the lists will only appear in the
   // combined list if the corresponding fields_scope option is set to FULL.
-  void CombineFields(const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields1,
+  void CombineFields(const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields1,
                      Scope fields1_scope,
-                     const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields2,
+                     const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& fields2,
                      Scope fields2_scope,
-                     vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* combined_fields);
+                     std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>* combined_fields);
 
   // Internal version of the Compare method which performs the actual
   // comparison. The parent_fields vector is a vector containing field
@@ -671,34 +673,34 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
   // (i.e. if the current message is an embedded message, the parent_fields
   // vector will contain the field that has this embedded message).
   bool Compare(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
-               vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+               std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
 
   // Compares all the unknown fields in two messages.
   bool CompareUnknownFields(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
                             const google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet&,
                             const google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet&,
-                            vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+                            std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
 
   // Compares the specified messages for the requested field lists. The field
   // lists are modified depending on comparison settings, and then passed to
   // CompareWithFieldsInternal.
   bool CompareRequestedFieldsUsingSettings(
       const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
-      const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields,
-      const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields,
-      vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields,
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields,
+      std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
 
   // Compares the specified messages with the specified field lists.
   bool CompareWithFieldsInternal(
       const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
-      const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields,
-      const vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields,
-      vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message1_fields,
+      const std::vector<const FieldDescriptor*>& message2_fields,
+      std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
 
   // Compares the repeated fields, and report the error.
   bool CompareRepeatedField(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
                             const FieldDescriptor* field,
-                            vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+                            std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
 
   // Shorthand for CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields with NULL parent_fields.
   bool CompareFieldValue(const Message& message1,
@@ -716,12 +718,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
   // list of parent messages if it needs to recursively compare the given field.
   // To avoid confusing users you should not set it to NULL unless you modified
   // Reporter to handle the change of parent_fields correctly.
-  bool CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(const Message& message1,
-                                          const Message& message2,
-                                          const FieldDescriptor* field,
-                                          int index1,
-                                          int index2,
-                                          vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
+  bool CompareFieldValueUsingParentFields(
+      const Message& message1,
+      const Message& message2,
+      const FieldDescriptor* field,
+      int index1,
+      int index2,
+      std::vector<SpecificField>* parent_fields);
 
   // Compares the specified field on the two messages, returning comparison
   // result, as returned by appropriate FieldComparator.
@@ -736,7 +739,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
   bool IsMatch(const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
                const MapKeyComparator* key_comparator,
                const Message* message1, const Message* message2,
-               const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
+               const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
                int index1, int index2);
 
   // Returns true when this repeated field has been configured to be treated
@@ -754,13 +757,13 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
       const Message& message1,
       const Message& message2,
       const FieldDescriptor* field,
-      const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields);
+      const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields);
 
   // Returns true if this unknown field is to be ignored when this
   // MessageDifferencer compares messages.
   bool IsUnknownFieldIgnored(const Message& message1, const Message& message2,
                              const SpecificField& field,
-                             const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields);
+                             const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields);
 
   // Returns MapKeyComparator* when this field has been configured to
   // be treated as a map.  If not, returns NULL.
@@ -773,28 +776,29 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
   // This method returns false if the match failed. However, it doesn't mean
   // that the comparison succeeds when this method returns true (you need to
   // double-check in this case).
-  bool MatchRepeatedFieldIndices(const Message& message1,
-                                 const Message& message2,
-                                 const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
-                                 const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
-                                 vector<int>* match_list1,
-                                 vector<int>* match_list2);
+  bool MatchRepeatedFieldIndices(
+      const Message& message1,
+      const Message& message2,
+      const FieldDescriptor* repeated_field,
+      const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields,
+      std::vector<int>* match_list1,
+      std::vector<int>* match_list2);
 
   // If "any" is of type google.protobuf.Any, extract its payload using
   // DynamicMessageFactory and store in "data".
   bool UnpackAny(const Message& any, google::protobuf::scoped_ptr<Message>* data);
 
   // Checks if index is equal to new_index in all the specific fields.
-  static bool CheckPathChanged(const vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields);
+  static bool CheckPathChanged(const std::vector<SpecificField>& parent_fields);
 
   // Defines a map between field descriptors and their MapKeyComparators.
   // Used for repeated fields when they are configured as TreatAsMap.
-  typedef map<const FieldDescriptor*,
+  typedef std::map<const FieldDescriptor*,
               const MapKeyComparator*> FieldKeyComparatorMap;
 
   // Defines a set to store field descriptors.  Used for repeated fields when
   // they are configured as TreatAsSet.
-  typedef set<const FieldDescriptor*> FieldSet;
+  typedef std::set<const FieldDescriptor*> FieldSet;
 
   Reporter* reporter_;
   DefaultFieldComparator default_field_comparator_;
@@ -811,9 +815,9 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
   // When TreatAsMap or TreatAsMapWithMultipleFieldsAsKey is called, we don't
   // store the supplied FieldDescriptors directly. Instead, a new
   // MapKeyComparator is created for comparison purpose.
-  vector<MapKeyComparator*> owned_key_comparators_;
+  std::vector<MapKeyComparator*> owned_key_comparators_;
   FieldKeyComparatorMap map_field_key_comparator_;
-  vector<IgnoreCriteria*> ignore_criteria_;
+  std::vector<IgnoreCriteria*> ignore_criteria_;
 
   FieldSet ignored_fields_;
 
@@ -831,15 +835,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT MessageDifferencer {
 class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FieldContext {
  public:
   explicit FieldContext(
-      vector<MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>* parent_fields)
+      std::vector<MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>* parent_fields)
       : parent_fields_(parent_fields) {}
 
-  vector<MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>* parent_fields() const {
+  std::vector<MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>* parent_fields() const {
     return parent_fields_;
   }
 
  private:
-  vector<MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>* parent_fields_;
+  std::vector<MessageDifferencer::SpecificField>* parent_fields_;
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc
index 5ee4e25d..147478be 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc
@@ -307,9 +307,9 @@ uint8* WireFormat::SerializeUnknownMessageSetItemsToArray(
   return target;
 }
 
-int WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
+size_t WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
     const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields) {
-  int size = 0;
+  size_t size = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields.field_count(); i++) {
     const UnknownField& field = unknown_fields.field(i);
 
@@ -355,9 +355,9 @@ int WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
   return size;
 }
 
-int WireFormat::ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(
+size_t WireFormat::ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(
     const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields) {
-  int size = 0;
+  size_t size = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < unknown_fields.field_count(); i++) {
     const UnknownField& field = unknown_fields.field(i);
 
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ void WireFormat::SerializeFieldWithCachedSizes(
   if (is_packed && count > 0) {
     WireFormatLite::WriteTag(field->number(),
         WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED, output);
-    const int data_size = FieldDataOnlyByteSize(field, message);
+    const size_t data_size = FieldDataOnlyByteSize(field, message);
     output->WriteVarint32(data_size);
   }
 
@@ -964,11 +964,11 @@ void WireFormat::SerializeMessageSetItemWithCachedSizes(
 
 // ===================================================================
 
-int WireFormat::ByteSize(const Message& message) {
+size_t WireFormat::ByteSize(const Message& message) {
   const Descriptor* descriptor = message.GetDescriptor();
   const Reflection* message_reflection = message.GetReflection();
 
-  int our_size = 0;
+  size_t our_size = 0;
 
   vector<const FieldDescriptor*> fields;
   message_reflection->ListFields(message, &fields);
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ int WireFormat::ByteSize(const Message& message) {
   return our_size;
 }
 
-int WireFormat::FieldByteSize(
+size_t WireFormat::FieldByteSize(
     const FieldDescriptor* field,
     const Message& message) {
   const Reflection* message_reflection = message.GetReflection();
@@ -999,15 +999,15 @@ int WireFormat::FieldByteSize(
     return MessageSetItemByteSize(field, message);
   }
 
-  int count = 0;
+  size_t count = 0;
   if (field->is_repeated()) {
-    count = message_reflection->FieldSize(message, field);
+    count = FromIntSize(message_reflection->FieldSize(message, field));
   } else if (message_reflection->HasField(message, field)) {
     count = 1;
   }
 
-  const int data_size = FieldDataOnlyByteSize(field, message);
-  int our_size = data_size;
+  const size_t data_size = FieldDataOnlyByteSize(field, message);
+  size_t our_size = data_size;
   if (field->is_packed()) {
     if (data_size > 0) {
       // Packed fields get serialized like a string, not their native type.
@@ -1022,19 +1022,20 @@ int WireFormat::FieldByteSize(
   return our_size;
 }
 
-int WireFormat::FieldDataOnlyByteSize(
+size_t WireFormat::FieldDataOnlyByteSize(
     const FieldDescriptor* field,
     const Message& message) {
   const Reflection* message_reflection = message.GetReflection();
 
-  int count = 0;
+  size_t count = 0;
   if (field->is_repeated()) {
-    count = message_reflection->FieldSize(message, field);
+    count =
+        internal::FromIntSize(message_reflection->FieldSize(message, field));
   } else if (message_reflection->HasField(message, field)) {
     count = 1;
   }
 
-  int data_size = 0;
+  size_t data_size = 0;
   switch (field->type()) {
 #define HANDLE_TYPE(TYPE, TYPE_METHOD, CPPTYPE_METHOD)                     \
     case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_##TYPE:                                     \
@@ -1108,19 +1109,19 @@ int WireFormat::FieldDataOnlyByteSize(
   return data_size;
 }
 
-int WireFormat::MessageSetItemByteSize(
+size_t WireFormat::MessageSetItemByteSize(
     const FieldDescriptor* field,
     const Message& message) {
   const Reflection* message_reflection = message.GetReflection();
 
-  int our_size = WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemTagsSize;
+  size_t our_size = WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemTagsSize;
 
   // type_id
   our_size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(field->number());
 
   // message
   const Message& sub_message = message_reflection->GetMessage(message, field);
-  int message_size = sub_message.ByteSize();
+  size_t message_size = sub_message.ByteSizeLong();
 
   our_size += io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(message_size);
   our_size += message_size;
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.h b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.h
index aaee21f0..de8ea574 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.h
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormat {
 
   // Compute the byte size of a tag.  For groups, this includes both the start
   // and end tags.
-  static inline int TagSize(int field_number, FieldDescriptor::Type type);
+  static inline size_t TagSize(int field_number, FieldDescriptor::Type type);
 
   // These procedures can be used to implement the methods of Message which
   // handle parsing and serialization of the protocol buffer wire format
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormat {
   // will have their ByteSize() methods called, so their sizes will be cached.
   // Therefore, calling this method is sufficient to allow you to call
   // WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes() on the same object.
-  static int ByteSize(const Message& message);
+  static size_t ByteSize(const Message& message);
 
   // -----------------------------------------------------------------
   // Helpers for dealing with unknown fields
@@ -173,11 +173,11 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormat {
       uint8* target);
 
   // Compute the size of the UnknownFieldSet on the wire.
-  static int ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields);
+  static size_t ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields);
 
   // Same thing except for messages that have the message_set_wire_format
   // option.
-  static int ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(
+  static size_t ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(
       const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields);
 
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormat {
   // Compute size of a single field.  If the field is a message type, this
   // will call ByteSize() for the embedded message, insuring that it caches
   // its size.
-  static int FieldByteSize(
+  static size_t FieldByteSize(
       const FieldDescriptor* field,        // Cannot be NULL
       const Message& message);
 
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormat {
       const FieldDescriptor* field,
       const Message& message,
       io::CodedOutputStream* output);
-  static int MessageSetItemByteSize(
+  static size_t MessageSetItemByteSize(
       const FieldDescriptor* field,
       const Message& message);
 
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormat {
   // only includes the size of the raw data, and not the size of the total
   // length, but for other length-delimited types, the size of the length is
   // included.
-  static int FieldDataOnlyByteSize(
+  static size_t FieldDataOnlyByteSize(
       const FieldDescriptor* field,        // Cannot be NULL
       const Message& message);
 
@@ -301,7 +301,8 @@ inline uint32 WireFormat::MakeTag(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
   return WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(), WireTypeForField(field));
 }
 
-inline int WireFormat::TagSize(int field_number, FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
+inline size_t WireFormat::TagSize(int field_number,
+                                  FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
   // Some compilers don't like enum -> enum casts, so we implicit_cast to
   // int first.
   return WireFormatLite::TagSize(field_number,
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc
index 05cc0854..5bed7af4 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ const int WireFormatLite::kMessageSetMessageTag;
 #endif
 
 // IBM xlC requires prefixing constants with WireFormatLite::
-const int WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemTagsSize =
+const size_t WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemTagsSize =
   io::CodedOutputStream::StaticVarintSize32<
       WireFormatLite::kMessageSetItemStartTag>::value +
   io::CodedOutputStream::StaticVarintSize32<
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
index 580d4db0..eeb3650f 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h
@@ -155,7 +155,8 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormatLite {
 
   // Compute the byte size of a tag.  For groups, this includes both the start
   // and end tags.
-  static inline int TagSize(int field_number, WireFormatLite::FieldType type);
+  static inline size_t TagSize(int field_number,
+                               WireFormatLite::FieldType type);
 
   // Skips a field value with the given tag.  The input should start
   // positioned immediately after the tag.  Skipped values are simply discarded,
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormatLite {
                                 WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED);
 
   // Byte size of all tags of a MessageSet::Item combined.
-  static const int kMessageSetItemTagsSize;
+  static const size_t kMessageSetItemTagsSize;
 
   // Helper functions for converting between floats/doubles and IEEE-754
   // uint32s/uint64s so that they can be written.  (Assumes your platform
@@ -510,40 +511,40 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormatLite {
   // the tag, so you must also call TagSize().  (This is because, for repeated
   // fields, you should only call TagSize() once and multiply it by the element
   // count, but you may have to call XxSize() for each individual element.)
-  static inline int Int32Size   ( int32 value);
-  static inline int Int64Size   ( int64 value);
-  static inline int UInt32Size  (uint32 value);
-  static inline int UInt64Size  (uint64 value);
-  static inline int SInt32Size  ( int32 value);
-  static inline int SInt64Size  ( int64 value);
-  static inline int EnumSize    (   int value);
+  static inline size_t Int32Size   ( int32 value);
+  static inline size_t Int64Size   ( int64 value);
+  static inline size_t UInt32Size  (uint32 value);
+  static inline size_t UInt64Size  (uint64 value);
+  static inline size_t SInt32Size  ( int32 value);
+  static inline size_t SInt64Size  ( int64 value);
+  static inline size_t EnumSize    (   int value);
 
   // These types always have the same size.
-  static const int kFixed32Size  = 4;
-  static const int kFixed64Size  = 8;
-  static const int kSFixed32Size = 4;
-  static const int kSFixed64Size = 8;
-  static const int kFloatSize    = 4;
-  static const int kDoubleSize   = 8;
-  static const int kBoolSize     = 1;
+  static const size_t kFixed32Size  = 4;
+  static const size_t kFixed64Size  = 8;
+  static const size_t kSFixed32Size = 4;
+  static const size_t kSFixed64Size = 8;
+  static const size_t kFloatSize    = 4;
+  static const size_t kDoubleSize   = 8;
+  static const size_t kBoolSize     = 1;
 
-  static inline int StringSize(const string& value);
-  static inline int BytesSize (const string& value);
+  static inline size_t StringSize(const string& value);
+  static inline size_t BytesSize (const string& value);
 
-  static inline int GroupSize  (const MessageLite& value);
-  static inline int MessageSize(const MessageLite& value);
+  static inline size_t GroupSize  (const MessageLite& value);
+  static inline size_t MessageSize(const MessageLite& value);
 
   // Like above, but de-virtualize the call to ByteSize().  The
   // pointer must point at an instance of MessageType, *not* a subclass (or
   // the subclass must not override ByteSize()).
   template<typename MessageType>
-  static inline int GroupSizeNoVirtual  (const MessageType& value);
+  static inline size_t GroupSizeNoVirtual  (const MessageType& value);
   template<typename MessageType>
-  static inline int MessageSizeNoVirtual(const MessageType& value);
+  static inline size_t MessageSizeNoVirtual(const MessageType& value);
 
   // Given the length of data, calculate the byte size of the data on the
   // wire if we encode the data as a length delimited field.
-  static inline int LengthDelimitedSize(int length);
+  static inline size_t LengthDelimitedSize(size_t length);
 
  private:
   // A helper method for the repeated primitive reader. This method has
@@ -626,9 +627,9 @@ inline int WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(uint32 tag) {
   return static_cast<int>(tag >> kTagTypeBits);
 }
 
-inline int WireFormatLite::TagSize(int field_number,
-                                   WireFormatLite::FieldType type) {
-  int result = io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::TagSize(int field_number,
+                                      WireFormatLite::FieldType type) {
+  size_t result = io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(
     field_number << kTagTypeBits);
   if (type == TYPE_GROUP) {
     // Groups have both a start and an end tag.
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h
index 93d7c824..fbad965e 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h
@@ -810,62 +810,58 @@ inline uint8* WireFormatLite::InternalWriteMessageNoVirtualToArray(
 
 // ===================================================================
 
-inline int WireFormatLite::Int32Size(int32 value) {
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::Int32Size(int32 value) {
   return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32SignExtended(value);
 }
-inline int WireFormatLite::Int64Size(int64 value) {
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::Int64Size(int64 value) {
   return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize64(static_cast<uint64>(value));
 }
-inline int WireFormatLite::UInt32Size(uint32 value) {
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::UInt32Size(uint32 value) {
   return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(value);
 }
-inline int WireFormatLite::UInt64Size(uint64 value) {
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::UInt64Size(uint64 value) {
   return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize64(value);
 }
-inline int WireFormatLite::SInt32Size(int32 value) {
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::SInt32Size(int32 value) {
   return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(ZigZagEncode32(value));
 }
-inline int WireFormatLite::SInt64Size(int64 value) {
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::SInt64Size(int64 value) {
   return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize64(ZigZagEncode64(value));
 }
-inline int WireFormatLite::EnumSize(int value) {
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::EnumSize(int value) {
   return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32SignExtended(value);
 }
 
-inline int WireFormatLite::StringSize(const string& value) {
-  return static_cast<int>(
-      io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(static_cast<uint32>(value.size())) +
-      value.size());
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::StringSize(const string& value) {
+  return LengthDelimitedSize(value.size());
 }
-inline int WireFormatLite::BytesSize(const string& value) {
-  return static_cast<int>(
-      io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(static_cast<uint32>(value.size())) +
-      value.size());
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::BytesSize(const string& value) {
+  return LengthDelimitedSize(value.size());
 }
 
 
-inline int WireFormatLite::GroupSize(const MessageLite& value) {
-  return value.ByteSize();
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::GroupSize(const MessageLite& value) {
+  return value.ByteSizeLong();
 }
-inline int WireFormatLite::MessageSize(const MessageLite& value) {
-  return LengthDelimitedSize(value.ByteSize());
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::MessageSize(const MessageLite& value) {
+  return LengthDelimitedSize(value.ByteSizeLong());
 }
 
 // See comment on ReadGroupNoVirtual to understand the need for this template
 // parameter name.
 template<typename MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect>
-inline int WireFormatLite::GroupSizeNoVirtual(
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::GroupSizeNoVirtual(
     const MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect& value) {
-  return value.MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::ByteSize();
+  return value.MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::ByteSizeLong();
 }
 template<typename MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect>
-inline int WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::MessageSizeNoVirtual(
     const MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect& value) {
   return LengthDelimitedSize(
-      value.MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::ByteSize());
+      value.MessageType_WorkAroundCppLookupDefect::ByteSizeLong());
 }
 
-inline int WireFormatLite::LengthDelimitedSize(int length) {
+inline size_t WireFormatLite::LengthDelimitedSize(size_t length) {
   return io::CodedOutputStream::VarintSize32(length) + length;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc b/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc
index 627b556e..41f1a271 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.cc
@@ -67,14 +67,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
   DoubleValue_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       DoubleValue_descriptor_,
-      DoubleValue::default_instance_,
+      DoubleValue::internal_default_instance(),
       DoubleValue_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(DoubleValue),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DoubleValue, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DoubleValue, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(DoubleValue, _internal_metadata_));
   FloatValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(1);
   static const int FloatValue_offsets_[1] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FloatValue, value_),
@@ -82,14 +81,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
   FloatValue_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       FloatValue_descriptor_,
-      FloatValue::default_instance_,
+      FloatValue::internal_default_instance(),
       FloatValue_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(FloatValue),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FloatValue, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FloatValue, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(FloatValue, _internal_metadata_));
   Int64Value_descriptor_ = file->message_type(2);
   static const int Int64Value_offsets_[1] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int64Value, value_),
@@ -97,14 +95,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
   Int64Value_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Int64Value_descriptor_,
-      Int64Value::default_instance_,
+      Int64Value::internal_default_instance(),
       Int64Value_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Int64Value),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int64Value, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int64Value, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int64Value, _internal_metadata_));
   UInt64Value_descriptor_ = file->message_type(3);
   static const int UInt64Value_offsets_[1] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt64Value, value_),
@@ -112,14 +109,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
   UInt64Value_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       UInt64Value_descriptor_,
-      UInt64Value::default_instance_,
+      UInt64Value::internal_default_instance(),
       UInt64Value_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(UInt64Value),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt64Value, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt64Value, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt64Value, _internal_metadata_));
   Int32Value_descriptor_ = file->message_type(4);
   static const int Int32Value_offsets_[1] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int32Value, value_),
@@ -127,14 +123,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
   Int32Value_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       Int32Value_descriptor_,
-      Int32Value::default_instance_,
+      Int32Value::internal_default_instance(),
       Int32Value_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(Int32Value),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int32Value, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int32Value, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(Int32Value, _internal_metadata_));
   UInt32Value_descriptor_ = file->message_type(5);
   static const int UInt32Value_offsets_[1] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt32Value, value_),
@@ -142,14 +137,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
   UInt32Value_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       UInt32Value_descriptor_,
-      UInt32Value::default_instance_,
+      UInt32Value::internal_default_instance(),
       UInt32Value_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(UInt32Value),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt32Value, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt32Value, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(UInt32Value, _internal_metadata_));
   BoolValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(6);
   static const int BoolValue_offsets_[1] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BoolValue, value_),
@@ -157,14 +151,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
   BoolValue_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       BoolValue_descriptor_,
-      BoolValue::default_instance_,
+      BoolValue::internal_default_instance(),
       BoolValue_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(BoolValue),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BoolValue, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BoolValue, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BoolValue, _internal_metadata_));
   StringValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(7);
   static const int StringValue_offsets_[1] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(StringValue, value_),
@@ -172,14 +165,13 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
   StringValue_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       StringValue_descriptor_,
-      StringValue::default_instance_,
+      StringValue::internal_default_instance(),
       StringValue_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(StringValue),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(StringValue, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(StringValue, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(StringValue, _internal_metadata_));
   BytesValue_descriptor_ = file->message_type(8);
   static const int BytesValue_offsets_[1] = {
     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BytesValue, value_),
@@ -187,20 +179,19 @@ void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
   BytesValue_reflection_ =
     ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection::NewGeneratedMessageReflection(
       BytesValue_descriptor_,
-      BytesValue::default_instance_,
+      BytesValue::internal_default_instance(),
       BytesValue_offsets_,
       -1,
       -1,
       -1,
       sizeof(BytesValue),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BytesValue, _internal_metadata_),
-      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BytesValue, _is_default_instance_));
+      GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(BytesValue, _internal_metadata_));
 }
 
 namespace {
 
 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
-inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
+void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
 }
@@ -209,55 +200,73 @@ void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      DoubleValue_descriptor_, &DoubleValue::default_instance());
+      DoubleValue_descriptor_, DoubleValue::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      FloatValue_descriptor_, &FloatValue::default_instance());
+      FloatValue_descriptor_, FloatValue::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Int64Value_descriptor_, &Int64Value::default_instance());
+      Int64Value_descriptor_, Int64Value::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      UInt64Value_descriptor_, &UInt64Value::default_instance());
+      UInt64Value_descriptor_, UInt64Value::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      Int32Value_descriptor_, &Int32Value::default_instance());
+      Int32Value_descriptor_, Int32Value::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      UInt32Value_descriptor_, &UInt32Value::default_instance());
+      UInt32Value_descriptor_, UInt32Value::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      BoolValue_descriptor_, &BoolValue::default_instance());
+      BoolValue_descriptor_, BoolValue::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      StringValue_descriptor_, &StringValue::default_instance());
+      StringValue_descriptor_, StringValue::internal_default_instance());
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
-      BytesValue_descriptor_, &BytesValue::default_instance());
+      BytesValue_descriptor_, BytesValue::internal_default_instance());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
-  delete DoubleValue::default_instance_;
   delete DoubleValue_reflection_;
-  delete FloatValue::default_instance_;
   delete FloatValue_reflection_;
-  delete Int64Value::default_instance_;
   delete Int64Value_reflection_;
-  delete UInt64Value::default_instance_;
   delete UInt64Value_reflection_;
-  delete Int32Value::default_instance_;
   delete Int32Value_reflection_;
-  delete UInt32Value::default_instance_;
   delete UInt32Value_reflection_;
-  delete BoolValue::default_instance_;
   delete BoolValue_reflection_;
-  delete StringValue::default_instance_;
   delete StringValue_reflection_;
-  delete BytesValue::default_instance_;
   delete BytesValue_reflection_;
 }
 
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD;
-void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
-  static bool already_here = false;
-  if (already_here) return;
-  already_here = true;
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl() {
+  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
+
+  DoubleValue::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  FloatValue::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  Int64Value::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  UInt64Value::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  Int32Value::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  UInt32Value::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  BoolValue::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  StringValue::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  BytesValue::default_instance_.DefaultConstruct();
+  DoubleValue::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  FloatValue::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Int64Value::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  UInt64Value::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  Int32Value::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  UInt32Value::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  BoolValue::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  StringValue::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+  BytesValue::default_instance_.get_mutable()->InitAsDefaultInstance();
+}
+
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl);
+}
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl() {
   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
     "\n\036google/protobuf/wrappers.proto\022\017google"
     ".protobuf\"\034\n\013DoubleValue\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\001\""
@@ -266,34 +275,21 @@ void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
     "e\030\001 \001(\004\"\033\n\nInt32Value\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\005\"\034\n\013"
     "UInt32Value\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\r\"\032\n\tBoolValue\022"
     "\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\010\"\034\n\013StringValue\022\r\n\005value\030\001"
-    " \001(\t\"\033\n\nBytesValue\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\014B\177\n\023com"
+    " \001(\t\"\033\n\nBytesValue\022\r\n\005value\030\001 \001(\014B|\n\023com"
     ".google.protobufB\rWrappersProtoP\001Z*githu"
-    "b.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/wrappers\240\001\001"
-    "\370\001\001\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTyp"
-    "esb\006proto3", 450);
+    "b.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/wrappers\370\001\001"
+    "\242\002\003GPB\252\002\036Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypesb"
+    "\006proto3", 447);
   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
     "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
-  DoubleValue::default_instance_ = new DoubleValue();
-  FloatValue::default_instance_ = new FloatValue();
-  Int64Value::default_instance_ = new Int64Value();
-  UInt64Value::default_instance_ = new UInt64Value();
-  Int32Value::default_instance_ = new Int32Value();
-  UInt32Value::default_instance_ = new UInt32Value();
-  BoolValue::default_instance_ = new BoolValue();
-  StringValue::default_instance_ = new StringValue();
-  BytesValue::default_instance_ = new BytesValue();
-  DoubleValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  FloatValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  Int64Value::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  UInt64Value::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  Int32Value::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  UInt32Value::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  BoolValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  StringValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  BytesValue::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto);
 }
 
+GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_once_);
+void protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
+  ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_once_,
+                 &protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl);
+}
 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto {
   StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto() {
@@ -301,6 +297,16 @@ struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto {
   }
 } static_descriptor_initializer_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_;
 
+namespace {
+
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_COLD GOOGLE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
+static void MergeFromFail(int line) {
+  ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, line);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+
 // ===================================================================
 
 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900
@@ -309,34 +315,35 @@ const int DoubleValue::kValueFieldNumber;
 
 DoubleValue::DoubleValue()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
 }
-
 DoubleValue::DoubleValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
   _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
   SharedCtor();
   RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
 }
 
 void DoubleValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 DoubleValue::DoubleValue(const DoubleValue& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
 }
 
 void DoubleValue::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   value_ = 0;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 DoubleValue::~DoubleValue() {
@@ -345,12 +352,11 @@ DoubleValue::~DoubleValue() {
 }
 
 void DoubleValue::SharedDtor() {
-  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void DoubleValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
@@ -370,11 +376,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* DoubleValue::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const DoubleValue& DoubleValue::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-DoubleValue* DoubleValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<DoubleValue> DoubleValue::default_instance_;
 
 DoubleValue* DoubleValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<DoubleValue>(arena);
@@ -398,10 +404,10 @@ bool DoubleValue::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional double value = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 9) {
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    double, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_DOUBLE>(
                  input, &value_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -454,27 +460,26 @@ void DoubleValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int DoubleValue::ByteSize() const {
+size_t DoubleValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional double value = 1;
   if (this->value() != 0) {
     total_size += 1 + 8;
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void DoubleValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const DoubleValue* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const DoubleValue* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const DoubleValue>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -482,15 +487,21 @@ void DoubleValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void DoubleValue::MergeFrom(const DoubleValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void DoubleValue::UnsafeMergeFrom(const DoubleValue& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.value() != 0) {
     set_value(from.value());
   }
@@ -507,7 +518,7 @@ void DoubleValue::CopyFrom(const DoubleValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.DoubleValue)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool DoubleValue::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -521,7 +532,7 @@ void DoubleValue::Swap(DoubleValue* other) {
     InternalSwap(other);
   } else {
     DoubleValue temp;
-    temp.MergeFrom(*this);
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
     CopyFrom(*other);
     other->CopyFrom(temp);
   }
@@ -552,11 +563,11 @@ void DoubleValue::InternalSwap(DoubleValue* other) {
 void DoubleValue::clear_value() {
   value_ = 0;
 }
- double DoubleValue::value() const {
+double DoubleValue::value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.DoubleValue.value)
   return value_;
 }
- void DoubleValue::set_value(double value) {
+void DoubleValue::set_value(double value) {
   
   value_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.DoubleValue.value)
@@ -572,34 +583,35 @@ const int FloatValue::kValueFieldNumber;
 
 FloatValue::FloatValue()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
 }
-
 FloatValue::FloatValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
   _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
   SharedCtor();
   RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
 }
 
 void FloatValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 FloatValue::FloatValue(const FloatValue& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
 }
 
 void FloatValue::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   value_ = 0;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 FloatValue::~FloatValue() {
@@ -608,12 +620,11 @@ FloatValue::~FloatValue() {
 }
 
 void FloatValue::SharedDtor() {
-  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void FloatValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
@@ -633,11 +644,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* FloatValue::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const FloatValue& FloatValue::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-FloatValue* FloatValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FloatValue> FloatValue::default_instance_;
 
 FloatValue* FloatValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<FloatValue>(arena);
@@ -661,10 +672,10 @@ bool FloatValue::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional float value = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 13) {
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    float, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_FLOAT>(
                  input, &value_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -717,27 +728,26 @@ void FloatValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int FloatValue::ByteSize() const {
+size_t FloatValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional float value = 1;
   if (this->value() != 0) {
     total_size += 1 + 4;
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void FloatValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const FloatValue* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const FloatValue* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const FloatValue>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -745,15 +755,21 @@ void FloatValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void FloatValue::MergeFrom(const FloatValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void FloatValue::UnsafeMergeFrom(const FloatValue& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.value() != 0) {
     set_value(from.value());
   }
@@ -770,7 +786,7 @@ void FloatValue::CopyFrom(const FloatValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.FloatValue)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool FloatValue::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -784,7 +800,7 @@ void FloatValue::Swap(FloatValue* other) {
     InternalSwap(other);
   } else {
     FloatValue temp;
-    temp.MergeFrom(*this);
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
     CopyFrom(*other);
     other->CopyFrom(temp);
   }
@@ -815,11 +831,11 @@ void FloatValue::InternalSwap(FloatValue* other) {
 void FloatValue::clear_value() {
   value_ = 0;
 }
- float FloatValue::value() const {
+float FloatValue::value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.FloatValue.value)
   return value_;
 }
- void FloatValue::set_value(float value) {
+void FloatValue::set_value(float value) {
   
   value_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.FloatValue.value)
@@ -835,34 +851,35 @@ const int Int64Value::kValueFieldNumber;
 
 Int64Value::Int64Value()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
 }
-
 Int64Value::Int64Value(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
   _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
   SharedCtor();
   RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
 }
 
 void Int64Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 Int64Value::Int64Value(const Int64Value& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
 }
 
 void Int64Value::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   value_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 Int64Value::~Int64Value() {
@@ -871,12 +888,11 @@ Int64Value::~Int64Value() {
 }
 
 void Int64Value::SharedDtor() {
-  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void Int64Value::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
@@ -896,11 +912,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Int64Value::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Int64Value& Int64Value::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Int64Value* Int64Value::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Int64Value> Int64Value::default_instance_;
 
 Int64Value* Int64Value::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<Int64Value>(arena);
@@ -924,10 +940,10 @@ bool Int64Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional int64 value = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 8) {
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int64, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT64>(
                  input, &value_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -980,9 +996,9 @@ void Int64Value::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Int64Value::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Int64Value::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional int64 value = 1;
   if (this->value() != 0) {
@@ -991,18 +1007,17 @@ int Int64Value::ByteSize() const {
         this->value());
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Int64Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Int64Value* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Int64Value* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Int64Value>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -1010,15 +1025,21 @@ void Int64Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Int64Value::MergeFrom(const Int64Value& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Int64Value::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Int64Value& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.value() != 0) {
     set_value(from.value());
   }
@@ -1035,7 +1056,7 @@ void Int64Value::CopyFrom(const Int64Value& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Int64Value)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Int64Value::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1049,7 +1070,7 @@ void Int64Value::Swap(Int64Value* other) {
     InternalSwap(other);
   } else {
     Int64Value temp;
-    temp.MergeFrom(*this);
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
     CopyFrom(*other);
     other->CopyFrom(temp);
   }
@@ -1080,11 +1101,11 @@ void Int64Value::InternalSwap(Int64Value* other) {
 void Int64Value::clear_value() {
   value_ = GOOGLE_LONGLONG(0);
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int64 Int64Value::value() const {
+::google::protobuf::int64 Int64Value::value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Int64Value.value)
   return value_;
 }
- void Int64Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
+void Int64Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::int64 value) {
   
   value_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Int64Value.value)
@@ -1100,34 +1121,35 @@ const int UInt64Value::kValueFieldNumber;
 
 UInt64Value::UInt64Value()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
 }
-
 UInt64Value::UInt64Value(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
   _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
   SharedCtor();
   RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
 }
 
 void UInt64Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 UInt64Value::UInt64Value(const UInt64Value& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
 }
 
 void UInt64Value::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   value_ = GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0);
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 UInt64Value::~UInt64Value() {
@@ -1136,12 +1158,11 @@ UInt64Value::~UInt64Value() {
 }
 
 void UInt64Value::SharedDtor() {
-  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void UInt64Value::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
@@ -1161,11 +1182,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* UInt64Value::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const UInt64Value& UInt64Value::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-UInt64Value* UInt64Value::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<UInt64Value> UInt64Value::default_instance_;
 
 UInt64Value* UInt64Value::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<UInt64Value>(arena);
@@ -1189,10 +1210,10 @@ bool UInt64Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional uint64 value = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 8) {
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::uint64, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT64>(
                  input, &value_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -1245,9 +1266,9 @@ void UInt64Value::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int UInt64Value::ByteSize() const {
+size_t UInt64Value::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional uint64 value = 1;
   if (this->value() != 0) {
@@ -1256,18 +1277,17 @@ int UInt64Value::ByteSize() const {
         this->value());
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void UInt64Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const UInt64Value* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const UInt64Value* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const UInt64Value>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -1275,15 +1295,21 @@ void UInt64Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void UInt64Value::MergeFrom(const UInt64Value& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void UInt64Value::UnsafeMergeFrom(const UInt64Value& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.value() != 0) {
     set_value(from.value());
   }
@@ -1300,7 +1326,7 @@ void UInt64Value::CopyFrom(const UInt64Value& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt64Value)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool UInt64Value::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1314,7 +1340,7 @@ void UInt64Value::Swap(UInt64Value* other) {
     InternalSwap(other);
   } else {
     UInt64Value temp;
-    temp.MergeFrom(*this);
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
     CopyFrom(*other);
     other->CopyFrom(temp);
   }
@@ -1345,11 +1371,11 @@ void UInt64Value::InternalSwap(UInt64Value* other) {
 void UInt64Value::clear_value() {
   value_ = GOOGLE_ULONGLONG(0);
 }
- ::google::protobuf::uint64 UInt64Value::value() const {
+::google::protobuf::uint64 UInt64Value::value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UInt64Value.value)
   return value_;
 }
- void UInt64Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::uint64 value) {
+void UInt64Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::uint64 value) {
   
   value_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UInt64Value.value)
@@ -1365,34 +1391,35 @@ const int Int32Value::kValueFieldNumber;
 
 Int32Value::Int32Value()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
 }
-
 Int32Value::Int32Value(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
   _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
   SharedCtor();
   RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
 }
 
 void Int32Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 Int32Value::Int32Value(const Int32Value& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
 }
 
 void Int32Value::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   value_ = 0;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 Int32Value::~Int32Value() {
@@ -1401,12 +1428,11 @@ Int32Value::~Int32Value() {
 }
 
 void Int32Value::SharedDtor() {
-  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void Int32Value::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
@@ -1426,11 +1452,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* Int32Value::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const Int32Value& Int32Value::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-Int32Value* Int32Value::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Int32Value> Int32Value::default_instance_;
 
 Int32Value* Int32Value::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<Int32Value>(arena);
@@ -1454,10 +1480,10 @@ bool Int32Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional int32 value = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 8) {
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
                  input, &value_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -1510,9 +1536,9 @@ void Int32Value::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int Int32Value::ByteSize() const {
+size_t Int32Value::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional int32 value = 1;
   if (this->value() != 0) {
@@ -1521,18 +1547,17 @@ int Int32Value::ByteSize() const {
         this->value());
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void Int32Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const Int32Value* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const Int32Value* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const Int32Value>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -1540,15 +1565,21 @@ void Int32Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void Int32Value::MergeFrom(const Int32Value& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void Int32Value::UnsafeMergeFrom(const Int32Value& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.value() != 0) {
     set_value(from.value());
   }
@@ -1565,7 +1596,7 @@ void Int32Value::CopyFrom(const Int32Value& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.Int32Value)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool Int32Value::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1579,7 +1610,7 @@ void Int32Value::Swap(Int32Value* other) {
     InternalSwap(other);
   } else {
     Int32Value temp;
-    temp.MergeFrom(*this);
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
     CopyFrom(*other);
     other->CopyFrom(temp);
   }
@@ -1610,11 +1641,11 @@ void Int32Value::InternalSwap(Int32Value* other) {
 void Int32Value::clear_value() {
   value_ = 0;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::int32 Int32Value::value() const {
+::google::protobuf::int32 Int32Value::value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.Int32Value.value)
   return value_;
 }
- void Int32Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
+void Int32Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
   
   value_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.Int32Value.value)
@@ -1630,34 +1661,35 @@ const int UInt32Value::kValueFieldNumber;
 
 UInt32Value::UInt32Value()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
 }
-
 UInt32Value::UInt32Value(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
   _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
   SharedCtor();
   RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
 }
 
 void UInt32Value::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 UInt32Value::UInt32Value(const UInt32Value& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
 }
 
 void UInt32Value::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   value_ = 0u;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 UInt32Value::~UInt32Value() {
@@ -1666,12 +1698,11 @@ UInt32Value::~UInt32Value() {
 }
 
 void UInt32Value::SharedDtor() {
-  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void UInt32Value::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
@@ -1691,11 +1722,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* UInt32Value::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const UInt32Value& UInt32Value::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-UInt32Value* UInt32Value::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<UInt32Value> UInt32Value::default_instance_;
 
 UInt32Value* UInt32Value::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<UInt32Value>(arena);
@@ -1719,10 +1750,10 @@ bool UInt32Value::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional uint32 value = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 8) {
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    ::google::protobuf::uint32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_UINT32>(
                  input, &value_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -1775,9 +1806,9 @@ void UInt32Value::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int UInt32Value::ByteSize() const {
+size_t UInt32Value::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional uint32 value = 1;
   if (this->value() != 0) {
@@ -1786,18 +1817,17 @@ int UInt32Value::ByteSize() const {
         this->value());
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void UInt32Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const UInt32Value* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const UInt32Value* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const UInt32Value>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -1805,15 +1835,21 @@ void UInt32Value::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void UInt32Value::MergeFrom(const UInt32Value& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void UInt32Value::UnsafeMergeFrom(const UInt32Value& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.value() != 0) {
     set_value(from.value());
   }
@@ -1830,7 +1866,7 @@ void UInt32Value::CopyFrom(const UInt32Value& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.UInt32Value)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool UInt32Value::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -1844,7 +1880,7 @@ void UInt32Value::Swap(UInt32Value* other) {
     InternalSwap(other);
   } else {
     UInt32Value temp;
-    temp.MergeFrom(*this);
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
     CopyFrom(*other);
     other->CopyFrom(temp);
   }
@@ -1875,11 +1911,11 @@ void UInt32Value::InternalSwap(UInt32Value* other) {
 void UInt32Value::clear_value() {
   value_ = 0u;
 }
- ::google::protobuf::uint32 UInt32Value::value() const {
+::google::protobuf::uint32 UInt32Value::value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.UInt32Value.value)
   return value_;
 }
- void UInt32Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::uint32 value) {
+void UInt32Value::set_value(::google::protobuf::uint32 value) {
   
   value_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.UInt32Value.value)
@@ -1895,34 +1931,35 @@ const int BoolValue::kValueFieldNumber;
 
 BoolValue::BoolValue()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
 }
-
 BoolValue::BoolValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
   _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
   SharedCtor();
   RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
 }
 
 void BoolValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 BoolValue::BoolValue(const BoolValue& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
 }
 
 void BoolValue::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   value_ = false;
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 BoolValue::~BoolValue() {
@@ -1931,12 +1968,11 @@ BoolValue::~BoolValue() {
 }
 
 void BoolValue::SharedDtor() {
-  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
 }
 
 void BoolValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
@@ -1956,11 +1992,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* BoolValue::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const BoolValue& BoolValue::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-BoolValue* BoolValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<BoolValue> BoolValue::default_instance_;
 
 BoolValue* BoolValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<BoolValue>(arena);
@@ -1984,10 +2020,10 @@ bool BoolValue::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       // optional bool value = 1;
       case 1: {
         if (tag == 8) {
+
           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
                    bool, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_BOOL>(
                  input, &value_)));
-
         } else {
           goto handle_unusual;
         }
@@ -2040,27 +2076,26 @@ void BoolValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int BoolValue::ByteSize() const {
+size_t BoolValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional bool value = 1;
   if (this->value() != 0) {
     total_size += 1 + 1;
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void BoolValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const BoolValue* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const BoolValue* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const BoolValue>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -2068,15 +2103,21 @@ void BoolValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void BoolValue::MergeFrom(const BoolValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void BoolValue::UnsafeMergeFrom(const BoolValue& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.value() != 0) {
     set_value(from.value());
   }
@@ -2093,7 +2134,7 @@ void BoolValue::CopyFrom(const BoolValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.BoolValue)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool BoolValue::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -2107,7 +2148,7 @@ void BoolValue::Swap(BoolValue* other) {
     InternalSwap(other);
   } else {
     BoolValue temp;
-    temp.MergeFrom(*this);
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
     CopyFrom(*other);
     other->CopyFrom(temp);
   }
@@ -2138,11 +2179,11 @@ void BoolValue::InternalSwap(BoolValue* other) {
 void BoolValue::clear_value() {
   value_ = false;
 }
- bool BoolValue::value() const {
+bool BoolValue::value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.BoolValue.value)
   return value_;
 }
- void BoolValue::set_value(bool value) {
+void BoolValue::set_value(bool value) {
   
   value_ = value;
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.BoolValue.value)
@@ -2158,35 +2199,35 @@ const int StringValue::kValueFieldNumber;
 
 StringValue::StringValue()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.StringValue)
 }
-
 StringValue::StringValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
   _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
   SharedCtor();
   RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.StringValue)
 }
 
 void StringValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 StringValue::StringValue(const StringValue& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.StringValue)
 }
 
 void StringValue::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 StringValue::~StringValue() {
@@ -2195,13 +2236,12 @@ StringValue::~StringValue() {
 }
 
 void StringValue::SharedDtor() {
-  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
     return;
   }
 
-  value_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
+  value_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);
 }
 
 void StringValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
@@ -2221,11 +2261,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* StringValue::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const StringValue& StringValue::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-StringValue* StringValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<StringValue> StringValue::default_instance_;
 
 StringValue* StringValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<StringValue>(arena);
@@ -2318,9 +2358,9 @@ void StringValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int StringValue::ByteSize() const {
+size_t StringValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional string value = 1;
   if (this->value().size() > 0) {
@@ -2329,18 +2369,17 @@ int StringValue::ByteSize() const {
         this->value());
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void StringValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const StringValue* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const StringValue* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const StringValue>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -2348,15 +2387,21 @@ void StringValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.StringValue)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void StringValue::MergeFrom(const StringValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void StringValue::UnsafeMergeFrom(const StringValue& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.value().size() > 0) {
     set_value(from.value());
   }
@@ -2373,7 +2418,7 @@ void StringValue::CopyFrom(const StringValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.StringValue)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool StringValue::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -2387,7 +2432,7 @@ void StringValue::Swap(StringValue* other) {
     InternalSwap(other);
   } else {
     StringValue temp;
-    temp.MergeFrom(*this);
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
     CopyFrom(*other);
     other->CopyFrom(temp);
   }
@@ -2418,46 +2463,46 @@ void StringValue::InternalSwap(StringValue* other) {
 void StringValue::clear_value() {
   value_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- const ::std::string& StringValue::value() const {
+const ::std::string& StringValue::value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
   return value_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void StringValue::set_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+void StringValue::set_value(const ::std::string& value) {
   
   value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
 }
- void StringValue::set_value(const char* value) {
+void StringValue::set_value(const char* value) {
   
   value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
               GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
 }
- void StringValue::set_value(const char* value,
+void StringValue::set_value(const char* value,
     size_t size) {
   
   value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
       reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
 }
- ::std::string* StringValue::mutable_value() {
+::std::string* StringValue::mutable_value() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
   return value_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- ::std::string* StringValue::release_value() {
+::std::string* StringValue::release_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
   
   return value_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- ::std::string* StringValue::unsafe_arena_release_value() {
+::std::string* StringValue::unsafe_arena_release_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
   GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
   
   return value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- void StringValue::set_allocated_value(::std::string* value) {
+void StringValue::set_allocated_value(::std::string* value) {
   if (value != NULL) {
     
   } else {
@@ -2467,7 +2512,7 @@ void StringValue::clear_value() {
       GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.StringValue.value)
 }
- void StringValue::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_value(
+void StringValue::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_value(
     ::std::string* value) {
   GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
   if (value != NULL) {
@@ -2490,35 +2535,35 @@ const int BytesValue::kValueFieldNumber;
 
 BytesValue::BytesValue()
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(), _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
+  if (this != internal_default_instance()) protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   SharedCtor();
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
 }
-
 BytesValue::BytesValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
   _internal_metadata_(arena) {
+#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_NO_STATIC_INITIALIZER
   SharedCtor();
   RegisterArenaDtor(arena);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(arena_constructor:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
 }
 
 void BytesValue::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
-  _is_default_instance_ = true;
 }
 
 BytesValue::BytesValue(const BytesValue& from)
   : ::google::protobuf::Message(),
     _internal_metadata_(NULL) {
   SharedCtor();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
 }
 
 void BytesValue::SharedCtor() {
-    _is_default_instance_ = false;
-  ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
-  _cached_size_ = 0;
   value_.UnsafeSetDefault(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
+  _cached_size_ = 0;
 }
 
 BytesValue::~BytesValue() {
@@ -2527,13 +2572,12 @@ BytesValue::~BytesValue() {
 }
 
 void BytesValue::SharedDtor() {
-  if (GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL) {
+  ::google::protobuf::Arena* arena = GetArenaNoVirtual();
+  if (arena != NULL) {
     return;
   }
 
-  value_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
-  if (this != default_instance_) {
-  }
+  value_.Destroy(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), arena);
 }
 
 void BytesValue::ArenaDtor(void* object) {
@@ -2553,11 +2597,11 @@ const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* BytesValue::descriptor() {
 }
 
 const BytesValue& BytesValue::default_instance() {
-  if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
-  return *default_instance_;
+  protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  return *internal_default_instance();
 }
 
-BytesValue* BytesValue::default_instance_ = NULL;
+::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<BytesValue> BytesValue::default_instance_;
 
 BytesValue* BytesValue::New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const {
   return ::google::protobuf::Arena::CreateMessage<BytesValue>(arena);
@@ -2638,9 +2682,9 @@ void BytesValue::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
   return target;
 }
 
-int BytesValue::ByteSize() const {
+size_t BytesValue::ByteSizeLong() const {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_byte_size_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
-  int total_size = 0;
+  size_t total_size = 0;
 
   // optional bytes value = 1;
   if (this->value().size() > 0) {
@@ -2649,18 +2693,17 @@ int BytesValue::ByteSize() const {
         this->value());
   }
 
+  int cached_size = ::google::protobuf::internal::ToCachedSize(total_size);
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
-  _cached_size_ = total_size;
+  _cached_size_ = cached_size;
   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
   return total_size;
 }
 
 void BytesValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
-  }
-  const BytesValue* source = 
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
+  const BytesValue* source =
       ::google::protobuf::internal::DynamicCastToGenerated<const BytesValue>(
           &from);
   if (source == NULL) {
@@ -2668,15 +2711,21 @@ void BytesValue::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
   } else {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(generalized_merge_from_cast_success:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
-    MergeFrom(*source);
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(*source);
   }
 }
 
 void BytesValue::MergeFrom(const BytesValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_merge_from_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
-  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_FALSE(&from == this)) {
-    ::google::protobuf::internal::MergeFromFail(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+  if (GOOGLE_PREDICT_TRUE(&from != this)) {
+    UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
+  } else {
+    MergeFromFail(__LINE__);
   }
+}
+
+void BytesValue::UnsafeMergeFrom(const BytesValue& from) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK(&from != this);
   if (from.value().size() > 0) {
     set_value(from.value());
   }
@@ -2693,7 +2742,7 @@ void BytesValue::CopyFrom(const BytesValue& from) {
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_specific_copy_from_start:google.protobuf.BytesValue)
   if (&from == this) return;
   Clear();
-  MergeFrom(from);
+  UnsafeMergeFrom(from);
 }
 
 bool BytesValue::IsInitialized() const {
@@ -2707,7 +2756,7 @@ void BytesValue::Swap(BytesValue* other) {
     InternalSwap(other);
   } else {
     BytesValue temp;
-    temp.MergeFrom(*this);
+    temp.UnsafeMergeFrom(*this);
     CopyFrom(*other);
     other->CopyFrom(temp);
   }
@@ -2738,46 +2787,46 @@ void BytesValue::InternalSwap(BytesValue* other) {
 void BytesValue::clear_value() {
   value_.ClearToEmpty(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- const ::std::string& BytesValue::value() const {
+const ::std::string& BytesValue::value() const {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
   return value_.Get(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
 }
- void BytesValue::set_value(const ::std::string& value) {
+void BytesValue::set_value(const ::std::string& value) {
   
   value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), value, GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
 }
- void BytesValue::set_value(const char* value) {
+void BytesValue::set_value(const char* value) {
   
   value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(value),
               GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
 }
- void BytesValue::set_value(const void* value,
+void BytesValue::set_value(const void* value,
     size_t size) {
   
   value_.Set(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), ::std::string(
       reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size), GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
 }
- ::std::string* BytesValue::mutable_value() {
+::std::string* BytesValue::mutable_value() {
   
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
   return value_.Mutable(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- ::std::string* BytesValue::release_value() {
+::std::string* BytesValue::release_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
   
   return value_.Release(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(), GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- ::std::string* BytesValue::unsafe_arena_release_value() {
+::std::string* BytesValue::unsafe_arena_release_value() {
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_unsafe_arena_release:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
   GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
   
   return value_.UnsafeArenaRelease(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited(),
       GetArenaNoVirtual());
 }
- void BytesValue::set_allocated_value(::std::string* value) {
+void BytesValue::set_allocated_value(::std::string* value) {
   if (value != NULL) {
     
   } else {
@@ -2787,7 +2836,7 @@ void BytesValue::clear_value() {
       GetArenaNoVirtual());
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:google.protobuf.BytesValue.value)
 }
- void BytesValue::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_value(
+void BytesValue::unsafe_arena_set_allocated_value(
     ::std::string* value) {
   GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaNoVirtual() != NULL);
   if (value != NULL) {
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h b/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h
index 662cd415..f596c5ef 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.pb.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ namespace protobuf {
 
 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
 void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
 
@@ -68,6 +69,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DoubleValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const DoubleValue& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const DoubleValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void UnsafeArenaSwap(DoubleValue* other);
   void Swap(DoubleValue* other);
 
@@ -83,7 +88,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DoubleValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -99,6 +104,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DoubleValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(DoubleValue* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const DoubleValue& from);
   protected:
   explicit DoubleValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
@@ -132,15 +138,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT DoubleValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
   typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
   typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   double value_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static DoubleValue* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<DoubleValue> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -163,6 +169,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FloatValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const FloatValue& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const FloatValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void UnsafeArenaSwap(FloatValue* other);
   void Swap(FloatValue* other);
 
@@ -178,7 +188,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FloatValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -194,6 +204,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FloatValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(FloatValue* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const FloatValue& from);
   protected:
   explicit FloatValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
@@ -227,15 +238,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT FloatValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
   typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
   typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   float value_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static FloatValue* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<FloatValue> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -258,6 +269,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Int64Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Int64Value& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Int64Value* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void UnsafeArenaSwap(Int64Value* other);
   void Swap(Int64Value* other);
 
@@ -273,7 +288,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Int64Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -289,6 +304,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Int64Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Int64Value* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Int64Value& from);
   protected:
   explicit Int64Value(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
@@ -322,15 +338,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Int64Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
   typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
   typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   ::google::protobuf::int64 value_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Int64Value* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Int64Value> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -353,6 +369,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UInt64Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const UInt64Value& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const UInt64Value* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void UnsafeArenaSwap(UInt64Value* other);
   void Swap(UInt64Value* other);
 
@@ -368,7 +388,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UInt64Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -384,6 +404,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UInt64Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(UInt64Value* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const UInt64Value& from);
   protected:
   explicit UInt64Value(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
@@ -417,15 +438,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UInt64Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
   typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
   typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   ::google::protobuf::uint64 value_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static UInt64Value* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<UInt64Value> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -448,6 +469,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Int32Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const Int32Value& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const Int32Value* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void UnsafeArenaSwap(Int32Value* other);
   void Swap(Int32Value* other);
 
@@ -463,7 +488,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Int32Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -479,6 +504,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Int32Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(Int32Value* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const Int32Value& from);
   protected:
   explicit Int32Value(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
@@ -512,15 +538,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Int32Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
   typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
   typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   ::google::protobuf::int32 value_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static Int32Value* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<Int32Value> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -543,6 +569,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UInt32Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const UInt32Value& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const UInt32Value* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void UnsafeArenaSwap(UInt32Value* other);
   void Swap(UInt32Value* other);
 
@@ -558,7 +588,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UInt32Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -574,6 +604,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UInt32Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(UInt32Value* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const UInt32Value& from);
   protected:
   explicit UInt32Value(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
@@ -607,15 +638,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UInt32Value : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
   typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
   typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   ::google::protobuf::uint32 value_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static UInt32Value* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<UInt32Value> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -638,6 +669,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT BoolValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const BoolValue& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const BoolValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void UnsafeArenaSwap(BoolValue* other);
   void Swap(BoolValue* other);
 
@@ -653,7 +688,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT BoolValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -669,6 +704,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT BoolValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(BoolValue* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const BoolValue& from);
   protected:
   explicit BoolValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
@@ -702,15 +738,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT BoolValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pro
   friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
   typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
   typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   bool value_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static BoolValue* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<BoolValue> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -733,6 +769,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT StringValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const StringValue& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const StringValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void UnsafeArenaSwap(StringValue* other);
   void Swap(StringValue* other);
 
@@ -748,7 +788,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT StringValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -764,6 +804,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT StringValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(StringValue* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const StringValue& from);
   protected:
   explicit StringValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
@@ -805,15 +846,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT StringValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@p
   friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
   typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
   typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr value_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static StringValue* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<StringValue> default_instance_;
 };
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -836,6 +877,10 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT BytesValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
   static const BytesValue& default_instance();
 
+  static inline const BytesValue* internal_default_instance() {
+    return &default_instance_.get();
+  }
+
   void UnsafeArenaSwap(BytesValue* other);
   void Swap(BytesValue* other);
 
@@ -851,7 +896,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT BytesValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   void Clear();
   bool IsInitialized() const;
 
-  int ByteSize() const;
+  size_t ByteSizeLong() const;
   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
@@ -867,6 +912,7 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT BytesValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   void SharedDtor();
   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
   void InternalSwap(BytesValue* other);
+  void UnsafeMergeFrom(const BytesValue& from);
   protected:
   explicit BytesValue(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena);
   private:
@@ -908,15 +954,15 @@ class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT BytesValue : public ::google::protobuf::Message /* @@pr
   friend class ::google::protobuf::Arena;
   typedef void InternalArenaConstructable_;
   typedef void DestructorSkippable_;
-  bool _is_default_instance_;
   ::google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr value_;
   mutable int _cached_size_;
-  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_InitDefaults_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
+  friend void LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT protobuf_AddDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto_impl();
   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_google_2fprotobuf_2fwrappers_2eproto();
 
   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
-  static BytesValue* default_instance_;
+  static ::google::protobuf::internal::ExplicitlyConstructed<BytesValue> default_instance_;
 };
 // ===================================================================
 
diff --git a/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto b/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
index 4828ad9a..01947639 100644
--- a/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
+++ b/src/google/protobuf/wrappers.proto
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ option go_package = "github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/wrappers";
 option java_package = "com.google.protobuf";
 option java_outer_classname = "WrappersProto";
 option java_multiple_files = true;
-option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
 option objc_class_prefix = "GPB";
 
 // Wrapper message for `double`.
author	Bo Yang <teboring@google.com>	2016-09-19 13:45:07 -0700
committer	Bo Yang <teboring@google.com>	2016-10-10 11:23:36 -0700
commit	cc8ca5b6a5478b40546d4206392eb1471454460d (patch)
tree	c0b45abfa16d7d373a6ea8f7fe50f1de00ab938e
parent	337a028bb65ccca4dda768695950b5aba53ae2c9 (diff)