lib: Implement versioning in the database and provide upgrade function.

The recent support for renames in the database is our first time
(since notmuch has had more than a single user) that we have a
database format change. To support smooth upgrades we now encode a
database format version number in the Xapian metadata.

Going forward notmuch will emit a warning if used to read from a
database with a newer version than it natively supports, and will
refuse to write to a database with a newer version.

The library also provides functions to query the database format
version:

	notmuch_database_get_version

to ask if notmuch wants a newer version than that:

	notmuch_database_needs_upgrade

and a function to actually perform that upgrade:

	notmuch_database_upgrade

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