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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<STYLE>
.text
{font-family : Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size : 14px;}
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<BODY BGCOLOR=white>
<FONT CLASS="text">
<P><B><A NAME=2.4>2.4. Encoding with MEncoder</A></B></P>
<P><B><A NAME=2.4.1>2.4.1. Overview</B></P>
<P><B>MEncoder</B> (<B>MPlayer</B>'s Movie Encoder) is a simple movie encoder,
designed to encode MPlayer-playable movies
(<B>AVI/DVD/VCD/VOB/MPG/MOV/VIV/FLI/RM/NUV/NET</B>) to other MPlayer-playable
formats (see below). It can encode with various codecs, like <B>DivX4</B> (1 or
2 passes), libavcodec, <B>PCM</B>/<B>MP3</B>/<B>VBRMP3</B> audio. Also has
stream copying and video resizing abilities.</P>
<P><B><A NAME=2.4.2>2.4.2. Compiling</B></P>
<P>
<UL>
<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - read <B>MPlayer</B>'s compilation instructions, it contains info about
how to install <I>libdvdread</I> for <B>DVD</B> support, etc.</LI>
<LI><B>OPTIONAL (LINUX ONLY)</B> - download the newest <B>DivX4linux</B> libs
from <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/download.htm">avifile.sourceforge.net</A>,
and have them PROPERLY installed. You need them if you want DivX4
(1/2 pass) encoding.</LI>
<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.1.9">download and install
<B>XViD</B></A>. Very useful on non-Linux boxes, and/or when you need
faster encoding than DivX4, with approximately the same quality.</LI>
<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - for libavcodec support, install libavcodec as
described in the <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.1.2">libavcodec section</A>.</LI>
<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - download and compile <B>libmp3lame</B> (from lame 3.89beta or lame CVS).<BR>
<B>WARNING : DO NOT COMPILE LAME WITH <U>GCC 2.96</U> ! It won't
work properly !</B><BR>
This
is needed for CBR/VBR MP3 audio encoding ability. Note that a single
<CODE>lame</CODE> binary isn't sufficient. BTW: the less optimization
you use for lame, the better the quality will be. You can test
quality by running <CODE>make test</CODE> after lame's compiling process
is over. The resulting number should be less than <B>30</B>. Don't
panic if it's <B>400</B> or so, you shouldn't heard any audible
quality decrease. Oh, and if your compiler doesn't even run <CODE>make test</CODE> ...
Well, delete that <B>GCC 2.96</B>.</LI>
</UL>
</P>
<P>You are ready. As you probably know, other encoding tools need the
<I>avifile</I> library installed. <B>MEncoder</B> doesn't need it at all.</P>
<P><B><A NAME=2.4.3>2.4.3. MEncoder features</B></P>
<P>
<UL>
<LI>encoding from the wide range of fileformats and decoders of <B>MPlayer</B></LI>
<LI>encoding to all the codecs of ffmpeg's
<A HREF=codecs.html#2.2.1.2>libavcodec</A></LI>
<LI>video encoding from <B>V4L compatible TV tuners</B></LI>
<LI>encoding/multiplexing to interleaved AVI files with proper index</LI>
<LI>creating files from external audio stream</LI>
<LI>1, 2 or 3 pass <B>DivX4</B> video</LI>
<LI><B>VBR</B> MP3 audio - <B>IMPORTANT NOTE</B> : VBR MP3 audio doesn't
always play nicely on windows players! If you intend to encode AVIs
mainly for windows, encode with CBR!</LI>
<LI>PCM audio</LI>
<LI>stream copying</LI>
<LI>input A/V synchronizing (PTS-based, can be disabled with -mc 0 option)</LI>
<LI>FPS correction with <CODE>-ofps</CODE> option (useful when encoding
29.97fps VOB to 24fps AVI)</LI>
<LI>movie rescaling</LI>
</UL>
</P>
<P><B><I>Planned features</I></B> :
<UL>
<LI>even wider variety of available en/decoding formats/codecs
(creating VOB files with DivX4/Indeo5/VIVO streams :)</LI>
<LI>audio encoding from v4l (DONE for FreeBSD ?)</LI>
</UL>
</P>
<P><B><A NAME=2.4.3.1>2.4.3.1. Encoding 2 or 3-pass DivX4</B></P>
<P><U><B>2-pass encoding :</B></U> the name comes from the fact that this method encodes the file <I>twice</I>.
The first encoding (dubbed <I>pass</I>) creates some temporary files (*.log) with a
size of few megabytes, do not delete them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the
2-pass output file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The resulting
file will have much better image quality. If this is the first time you heard
about this, you should consult some guides available on the Net.</P>
<P>This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass DivX4 AVI. Just two
commands are needed :<BR>
<CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, which
can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current one)<BR>
<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -divx4opts br=1100
-o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2 -divx4opts br=1100 -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P>
<P><U><B>3-pass encoding :</B></U> this is an extension of 2-pass encoding,
where the audio encoding takes place in a separate pass. This method enables
estimation of recommended video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the
audio is encoded only once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics :</P>
<P>
<TABLE>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<B>remove conflicting temporary file</B></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -ovc frameno -o
frameno.avi</CODE></TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<B><U>First pass</U> : an audio-only avi file will be created, containing
ONLY the requested audio stream. Don't forget <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>, if
you need to set it. If you were encoding a long movie, MEncoder prints
the recommended bitrate values for 650Mb, 700Mb, and 800Mb destination
sizes, after this pass finishes.</B></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy -pass 1
-divx4opts br=<bitrate></CODE></TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<B><U>Second pass</U> : alias the first pass of DivX4 video encoding.
Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of the
previous pass.</B></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy -pass 2
-divx4opts br=<bitrate></CODE></TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<B><U>Third pass</U> : alias the second pass of DivX4 video encoding.
Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of the
previous pass. In this pass, audio from <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE> will be
inserted into the destination file.. and it's all ready!</B></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</P>
<P><B>Example for 3-pass encoding :</B></P>
<P><CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file,
which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current
one)<BR>
<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno
-o frameno.avi<BR>
<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2
-divx4opts br=1100 -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2
-divx4opts br=1100 -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE>
</P>
<P><B><A NAME=2.4.3.2>2.4.3.2. Rescaling movies</B></P>
<P>Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be many,
examples are decreasing output file size, encoding SVCDs to DivX. Ripped DVDs
are mostly rescaled, for example a 4:3 DVD should be 640x480, especially
when you want it to fit to 1 CD, and have good quality at the same time.
SVCDs have 480x480 size, and their header contains the aspect ratio the
player should use (Ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding to
AVI (DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers don't store this
value. Thus, the only solution is rescaling.</P>
<P><B>MEncoder</B> can scale input images if they come in YV12 format (for example:
ffdivx, odivx drivers, or mpeg1/2). The output size is specified with the
<CODE>-x</CODE>, and <CODE>-y</CODE> options. Furthermore, there are some
rescaling filters in <B>MEncoder</B>, see the manpage for them !
They can be specified with the <CODE>-sws</CODE> option. If not specified,
<B>MEncoder</B> will use 0 : fast bilinear.</P>
<P>Rescaling is very simple :<BR>
<CODE> mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -divx4opts br=1300 -x 640 -y 480 -sws 2 -o output.avi</CODE></P>
<P><B><A NAME=2.4.3.3>2.4.3.3. Stream copying</B></P>
<P><B>MEncoder</B> can handle input streams in two ways : <B>encode</B> or
<B>copy</B> them. This section is about <B>copying</B>.</P>
<P>
<UL>
<LI><B>Video stream</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>) : nice stuff can be done :)<BR>
Like, putting (not converting!) FLI or VIVO or MPEG1 video into an AVI file !
Of course only <B>MPlayer</B> can play such files :) And it probably has no
real life value at all. Rationally : video stream copying can be useful for
example when only the audio stream has to be encoded (like, uncompressed PCM
to MP3).</LI>
<LI><B>Audio stream</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>) : straightforward.
It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, AC3, Vorbis) and mux it
into the output stream. Use the <CODE>-audiofile <filename></CODE>
option for this.</LI>
</UL>
</P>
<P><B><A NAME=2.4.3.4>2.4.3.4. Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</B></P>
<P>Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and
<B>MEncoder</B> generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs in
the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken interleaving,
thus the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option won't be needed for them anymore.</P>
<P>Command : <CODE>mencoder input.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P>
<P><B><A NAME=2.4.3.5>2.4.3.5. Encoding with the <I>libavcodec</I> codec family</B></P>
<P><A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.1.2">libavcodec</A> provides simple encoding to a
lot of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are
unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs :</P>
<P>
<UL>
<LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI>
<LI>h263 - H263</LI>
<LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI>
<LI>mpeg4 - DivX4</LI>
<LI>msmpeg4 - the old DivX</LI>
<LI>rv10 - an old RealVideo codec</LI>
<LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI>
</UL>
</P>
<P>The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the
<CODE>vcodec</CODE> config, like : <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P>
<P>An example, with MJPEG compression :<BR>
<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg</CODE></P>
<P><B><A NAME=2.4.3.6>2.4.3.6. Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs or PNGs)</B></P>
<P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of creating movies from one or more JPEG or PNG
files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG (Motion JPEG) or MPNG
(Motion PNG) files.</P>
<P><B><I>Explanation of the process</I></B></P>
<P><B>MEncoder</B> <I>decodes</I> the input image(s) with an available MJPEG
video codec (when decoding PNGs, it will use <B>libpng</B>). By
default it uses <CODE>ffmjpeg</CODE>, so you have to compile with libavcodec
support (which is recommended anyways). Its disadvantage is that it can't
handle some JPEG types (green image will be encoded for these). Use some
external utility to convert those images into edible format.<BR> You can
freely choose any other MJPEG decoder, like <CODE>mcmjpg32.dll</CODE>
(MainConcept Motion JPEG) if installed, and after checking
<CODE>codecs.conf</CODE> and checking the <CODE>videocodec</CODE> line which
refers to this file, you'll learn you have to use the <CODE>-vc mjpeg</CODE>
option for it.
</P>
<P><B>MEncoder</B> then feeds the decoded image to the chosen video compressor
(DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...). Watch for the PNG decoder, as
currently it can output only to RGB formats, thus can't be used with codecs
that require YUV as input, like DivX4 or ffmpeg's msmpeg4.</P>
<P><B><I>Examples</I></B></P>
<P>The explanation of the <CODE>-mf</CODE> option can be found below in the
global <A HREF=#2.4.5>Options</A> section and in the manpage.</P>
<P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from all the JPEG files in the current dir :</I><BR>
<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o
output.avi</CODE></P>
<P><I>Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current dir :</I><BR>
<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy
-o output.avi</CODE></P>
<P><I>Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current dir :</I><BR>
<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -o
output.avi</CODE></P>
<P><I>Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current dir :</I><BR>
<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy
-o output.avi</CODE></P>
<P><B><A NAME=2.4.4>2.4.4. Syntax</B></P>
<P> <CODE>mencoder [options] [input file] [options] ...</P>
<P><B><A NAME=2.4.5>2.4.5. Available options</B></P>
<P>NOTE : for all available options, <B>read the manpage !</B></P>
<P>
As <B>MEncoder</B> is built on the same codebase as <B>MPlayer</B>, there
are many <B>MPlayer</B> options that have function in <B>MEncoder</B> too!
See, you can use <CODE>-sid</CODE> to rip a DVD with subtitles, or
<CODE>-noidx</CODE> to disregard buggy index of input AVI. <B>Be smart!</B>
</P>
<TABLE BORDER=1>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<I>-ss</I> time</TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
start encoding from the given time (can start only from keyframes !)
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<I>-endpos</I> time</TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
stop encoding at the given time. See the manpage for examples !
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<I>-o</I> filename</TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
specify output filename
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<I>-x</I> width in pixels</TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
rescale output video to given pixels width
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<I>-y</I> height in pixels</TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
rescale output video to given pixels height
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<I>-sws</I> 0-2</TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
type of scaling method<BR>
0 - fast bilinear<BR>
1 - bilinear<BR>
2 - bicubic (best quality)<BR>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<I>-ovc</I> codecname</TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
Encode with the given codec (codec names are from codecs.conf). Examples:<BR>
<B>help</B> - get list of available codecs<BR>
<B>null</B> - do not create a video stream in the output AVI<BR>
<B>raw</B> - create uncompressed video<BR>
<B>rawrgb</B> - ?<BR>
<B>copy</B> - no encoding, just copy the stream (only from AVI/ASF now)<BR>
<B>divx4</B> - encode to DivX4<BR>
<B>lavc</B> - encode with a codec from libavcodec<BR>
<B>vfw</B> - encode with a Windows DLL<BR>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<I>-oac</I> codecname</TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
Encode with the given codec (codec names are from codecs.conf). Examples:<BR>
<B>help</B> - get list of available codecs<BR>
<B>copy</B> - no encoding, just copy the stream (only from AVI/ASF now)<BR>
<B>pcm</B> - encode to uncompressed PCM<BR>
<B>mp3lame</B> - encode to MP3 (using Lame)<BR>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<I>-mf</I> multifile options</TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
Used when encoding from multiple JPEG files. Its sub-options are:<BR>
<B>on</B> - turns on multifile support<BR>
<B>w</B>=<value> - width of the output file<BR>
<B>h</B>=<value> - height of the output file<BR>
<B>fps</B>=<value> - fps of the output file<BR>
<B>type</B>=<value> - type of input files (available types : <CODE>jpeg</CODE>, <CODE>png</CODE>)<BR>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<I>-divx4opts</I></TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
If encoding to DivX4, you can specify its parameters here, like:<BR>
<CODE>-divx4opts br=1800:deinterlace:key=250</CODE><BR>
Common options: <B>(for full list, check the manpage!)</B><BR>
<B>help</B> - get help<BR>
<B>br</B>=<value> - specify bitrate in kbit <4-16000> or bit <16001-24000000><BR>
<B>q</B>=<value> - quality (1-fastest, 5-best - default 5)<BR>
<B>key</B>=<value> - keyframe interval<BR>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<I>-lavcopts</I></TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
If encoding with libavcodec, you can specify its parameters here, like:<BR>
<CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4:vbitrate=1800:vhq:keyint=250</CODE><BR>
Common options: <B>(for full list, check the manpage!)</B><BR>
<B>help</B> - get help<BR>
<B>vcodec</B>=<value> - select videocodec (for the full list, see the libavcodec section above)<BR>
<B>vbitrate</B>=<value> - specify bitrate in kbit <4-16000> or bit <16001-24000000><BR>
<B>vhq</B> - high quality<BR>
<B>keyint</B>=<value> - keyframe interval<BR>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
<I>-lameopts</I></TD>
<TD><FONT CLASS="text">
If encoding to MP3 with libmp3lame, you can specify its parameters here, like:<BR>
<CODE>-lameopts q=3</CODE><BR>
<CODE>-lameopts br=192:cbr</CODE><BR>
Common options: <B>(for full list, check the manpage!)</B><BR>
<B>help</B> - get help<BR>
<B>cbr</B> - select <B>CBR</B> MP3 (default is <B>VBR</B>)<BR>
<B>br</B>=<value> - specify bitrate in kbit <0-1024> (this is for <B>CBR</B> only!)<BR>
<B>q</B>=<value> - quality (0-highest, 9-fastest - default 0) (this is for <B>VBR</B> only!)<BR>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P><B><A NAME=2.4.6>2.4.6. Examples</B></P>
<P>Using <B>MEncoder</B> is the easiest thing on Earth. See the following :</P>
<P>Encoding from DVD, title 2 :<BR>
<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi</CODE></P>
<P>The same, but with libavcodec family, MJPEG compression :<BR>
<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -ffourcc mjpg</CODE></P>
<P>Encoding from DVD, title 2, with rescaling :<BR>
<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -x 640 -y 480 -sws 2 -o title2.avi</CODE></P>
<P>Encoding from HTTP :<BR>
<CODE> mencoder http://mplayer.hq/example.avi -o example.avi</CODE></P>
<P>Encoding from a pipe :<BR>
<CODE> rar p test-SVCD.rar | mencoder -divx4opts br=800 -ofps 24 -pass 1 -- -</CODE></P>
<P>Encoding multiple *.vob files :<BR>
<CODE> cat *.vob | mencoder <options> -</CODE></P>
<P>Encoding from tuner (for tuner options <A HREF="documentation.html#2.5">see the TV input section !</A>) :<BR>
<CODE> mencoder -tv on:driver=v4l:width=640:height=480 <options></CODE></P>
<P>For all available options, <B><I>check the MEncoder man page !</I></B>
<P>
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