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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<TITLE>Encoding - MEncoder - The Movie Encoder for Linux</TITLE>
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<H2><A NAME="encoding">2.4 Encoding with MEncoder</A></H2>
<P><B>MEncoder</B> (<B>MPlayer</B>'s Movie Encoder) is a simple movie encoder,
designed to encode MPlayer-playable movies
(<B>AVI/ASF/OGG/DVD/VCD/VOB/MPG/MOV/VIV/FLI/RM/NUV/NET</B>) to other
MPlayer-playable formats (see below). It can encode with various codecs, like
<B>DivX4</B> (1 or 2 passes), libavcodec,
<B>PCM</B>/<B>MP3</B>/<B>VBR MP3</B> audio. Also has powerful plugin system
for video manipulation.</P>
<H3><A NAME="compilation">2.4.1 Compilation</A></H3>
<UL>
<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - read <B>MPlayer</B>'s compilation instruction.</LI>
<LI><B>OPTIONAL (LINUX ONLY)</B> - download the newest <B>DivX4linux</B> libs
from <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/download.htm">avifile.sourceforge.net</A>,
and have them PROPERLY installed. You need them if you want DivX4
(1/2 pass) encoding.</LI>
<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <A HREF="codecs.html#xvid">download and install
<B>XViD</B></A>. Not very useful, libavcodec's <I>mpeg4</I> codec
can encode with much better speed AND quality than XViD or DivX4/5.</LI>
<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - for libavcodec support, install libavcodec as
described in the <A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec section</A>.</LI>
<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - download and compile <B>libmp3lame</B> (from lame 3.89beta or lame CVS).<BR>
<B>WARNING: DO NOT COMPILE LAME < 3.90 WITH <U>GCC 2.96</U>! It won't
work properly!</B><BR>
This
is needed for CBR/VBR MP3 audio encoding ability. Note that a single
<CODE>lame</CODE> binary isn't sufficient. BTW: the less optimization
you use for lame, the better the quality will be. You can test
quality by running <CODE>make test</CODE> after lame's compiling process
is over. The resulting number should be less than <B>30</B>. Don't
panic if it's <B>400</B> or so, you shouldn't heard any audible
quality decrease. Oh, and if your compiler doesn't even run <CODE>make test</CODE> ...
Well, delete that <B>GCC 2.96</B> or upgrade lame to at least <B>3.90</B>.</LI>
<LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> and <CODE>libpng</CODE> -
as described in the <A HREF="documentation.html#installation">Installation</A>
section</LI>
</UL>
<P>You are ready. As you probably know, other encoding tools need the
<I>avifile</I> library installed. <B>MEncoder</B> doesn't need it at all.</P>
<H3><A NAME="features">2.4.2 MEncoder features</A></H3>
<UL>
<LI>encoding from the wide range of fileformats and decoders of <B>MPlayer</B></LI>
<LI>encoding to all the codecs of ffmpeg's
<A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A></LI>
<LI>video encoding from <B>V4L compatible TV tuners</B></LI>
<LI>encoding/multiplexing to interleaved AVI files with proper index</LI>
<LI>creating files from external audio stream</LI>
<LI>1, 2 or 3 pass encoding</LI>
<LI><B>VBR</B> MP3 audio - <B>IMPORTANT NOTE:</B> VBR MP3 audio doesn't
always play nicely on Windows players! On the other hand, currently
<B>MEncoder</B>'s CBR encoding is totally broken on Win32 players :)</LI>
<LI>PCM audio</LI>
<LI>stream copying</LI>
<LI>input A/V synchronizing (PTS-based, can be disabled with -mc 0 option)</LI>
<LI>FPS correction with <CODE>-ofps</CODE> option (useful when encoding
29.97fps VOB to 24fps AVI)</LI>
<LI>using our very powerful plugin system (crop, expand, flip, postprocess,
rotate, scale, rgb/yuv conversion)</LI>
<LI>can encode DVD/VOBsub <B>AND</B> text subtitles into the output file</LI>
<LI>can rip DVD subtitles to Vobsub format</LI>
</UL>
<H4>Planned features:</H4>
<UL>
<LI>even wider variety of available en/decoding formats/codecs
(creating VOB files with DivX4/Indeo5/VIVO streams :)</LI>
<LI>audio encoding from v4l (DONE for FreeBSD ?)</LI>
</UL>
<H4><A NAME="2pass">2.4.2.1 Encoding 2 or 3-pass DivX4</A></H4>
<P><U><B>2-pass encoding:</B></U> the name comes from the fact that this method
encodes the file <I>twice</I>. The first encoding (dubbed <I>pass</I>)
creates some temporary files (*.log) with a size of few megabytes, do not
delete them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the 2-pass
output file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The
resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first time
you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the
Net.</P>
<P>This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass DivX4 AVI. Just two
commands are needed:<BR>
<CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, which
can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current
one)<BR>
<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts
-vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options
-o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P>
<P><U><B>3-pass encoding:</B></U> this is an extension of 2-pass encoding,
where the audio encoding takes place in a separate pass. This method enables
estimation of recommended video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the
audio is encoded only once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics:</P>
<OL>
<LI>Remove conflicting temporary file:
<P><CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></P></LI>
<LI>First pass:
<P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -ovc frameno -o frameno.avi</CODE></P>
<P>An audio-only avi file will be created, containing
<B>only</B> the requested audio stream. Don't forget <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>,
if you need to set it. If you were encoding a long movie, <B>MEncoder</B>
prints the recommended bitrate values for 650Mb, 700Mb, and 800Mb
destination sizes, after this pass finishes.</P></LI>
<LI>Second pass:
<P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy -pass 1
-ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=<bitrate></CODE></P>
<P>Alias the first pass of DivX4 video encoding.
Optionally specify the video bitrate <B>MEncoder</B> printed at the end of
the previous pass.</P></LI>
<LI>Third pass:
<P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy -pass 2
-ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=<bitrate></CODE></P>
<P>Alias the second pass of DivX4 video encoding.
Optionally specify the video bitrate <B>MEncoder</B> printed at the end of
the previous pass. In this pass, audio from <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE> will
be inserted into the destination file.. and it's all ready!</P></LI>
</OL>
<H4>Example for 3-pass encoding:</H4>
<P><CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file,
which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current
one)<BR>
<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno
-o frameno.avi<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2
-lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2
-lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P>
<P><U><B>2 or 3-pass encoding using internal libavcodec controller:</B></U>
Optionally you can use libavcodec's internal 2 or 3-pass mode, it may give
you better final rate accuracy than using the external, DivX4-inspired 2-pass
rate controler with libavcodec.</P>
<UL>
<LI><B>2-pass encoding:</B><BR>
<CODE>rm -f lavc_stats.txt<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 (audio-options) -o
movie.avi<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 (audio-options) -o
movie.avi</CODE></LI>
<LI><B>3-pass encoding:</B><BR>
<CODE>rm -f frameno.avi lavc_stats.txt<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno (audio-options) -o frameno.avi<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o
movie.avi<BR>
mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o
movie.avi</CODE></LI>
</UL>
<H4><A NAME="rescaling">2.4.2.2 Rescaling movies</A></H4>
<P>Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be many,
examples are decreasing output file size, encoding SVCDs to DivX. Ripped DVDs
are mostly rescaled, for example a 4:3 DVD should be 640x480, especially
when you want it to fit to 1 CD, and have good quality at the same time.
SVCDs have 480x480 size, and their header contains the aspect ratio the
player should use (Ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding to
AVI (DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers don't store this
value. Thus, the only solution is rescaling.</P>
<P>The scaling process is handled by the <I>'scale'</I> video filter:
<CODE>-vop scale=X:Y</CODE>. Its quality can be set with the
<CODE>-sws</CODE> option. If it's not specified, <B>MEncoder</B> will use 0:
fast bilinear.</P>
<P>Usage:<BR>
<CODE> mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -lavcopts
vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -vop scale=640:480 -sws 2 -o
output.avi</CODE></P>
<H4><A NAME="copying">2.4.2.3 Stream copying</A></H4>
<P><B>MEncoder</B> can handle input streams in two ways: <B>encode</B> or
<B>copy</B> them. This section is about <B>copying</B>.</P>
<UL>
<LI><B>Video stream</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): nice stuff can be
done :)<BR>
Like, putting (not converting) FLI or VIVO or MPEG1 video into
an AVI file. Of course only <B>MPlayer</B> can play such files :) And it
probably has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying
can be useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded
(like, uncompressed PCM to MP3).</LI>
<LI><B>Audio stream</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): straightforward.
It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, Vorbis) and mux it
into the output stream. Use the <CODE>-audiofile <filename></CODE>
option for this.</LI>
</UL>
<H4><A NAME="fixing">2.4.2.4 Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</A></H4>
<P>Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and
<B>MEncoder</B> generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs
in the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken
interleaving, thus the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option won't be needed for them
anymore.</P>
<P>Command: <CODE>mencoder -idx input.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P>
<H4><A NAME="libavcodec">2.4.2.5 Encoding with the libavcodec codec family</A></H4>
<P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> provides simple encoding to a
lot of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are
unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs:</P>
<UL>
<LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI>
<LI>h263 - H263</LI>
<LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI>
<LI>mpeg4 - DivX4</LI>
<LI>msmpeg4 - the old DivX</LI>
<LI>msmpeg4v2 - Micro$oft MPEG4 V2 (DivX alias MP43 predecessor)</LI>
<LI>rv10 - an old RealVideo codec</LI>
<LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI>
</UL>
<P>The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the
<CODE>vcodec</CODE> config, like: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P>
<P>An example, with MJPEG compression:<BR>
<CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc
-lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg</CODE></P>
<H4><A NAME="image_files">2.4.2.6 Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs or PNGs)</A></H4>
<P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of creating movies from one or more JPEG or PNG
files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG (Motion JPEG) or MPNG
(Motion PNG) files.</P>
Explanation of the process:
<OL>
<LI><B>MEncoder</B> <I>decodes</I> the input image(s) with <CODE>libjpeg</CODE>
(when decoding PNGs, it will use <B>libpng</B>).</LI>
<LI><B>MEncoder</B> then feeds the decoded image to the chosen video compressor
(DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...). Watch for the PNG decoder, as
currently it can output only to RGB formats, thus can't be used with codecs
that require YUV as input, like DivX4 or ffmpeg's msmpeg4.</LI>
</OL>
<H4>Examples</H4>
<P>The explanation of the <CODE>-mf</CODE> option can be found below in the
global <A HREF="#options">Options</A> section and in the man page.</P>
<P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o
output.avi</CODE></P>
<P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from some JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
<CODE>mencoder frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o
output.avi</CODE></P>
<P><I>Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy
-o output.avi</CODE></P>
<P><I>Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -o
output.avi</CODE></P>
<P><I>Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy
-o output.avi</CODE></P>
<H4><A NAME="vobsub">2.4.2.7 Extracting DVD subtitles to Vobsub file</A></H4>
<P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of extracting subtitles from a DVD into
Vobsub fomat files. They consist of a pair of files ending in
<CODE>.idx</CODE> and <CODE>.sub</CODE> and are usually packaged in a single
<CODE>.rar</CODE> archive. <B>MPlayer</B> can play these with the
<CODE>-vobsub</CODE> and <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> options.</P>
<P>You specify the basename (i.e without the <CODE>.idx</CODE> or
<CODE>.sub</CODE> extension) of the output files with <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE>
and the index for this subtitle in the resulting files with
<CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P>
<P>If the input is not from a DVD you should use <CODE>-ifo</CODE> to
indicate the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> file needed to construct the resulting
<CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P>
<P>If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the <CODE>.ifo</CODE>
file you will need to use the <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> option to let it know
what language id to put in the <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P>
<P>Each run will append the running subtitle if the <CODE>.idx</CODE> and
<CODE>.sub</CODE> files already exist. So you should remove any before
starting.</P>
<H4>Examples</H4>
<P><I>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing 3-pass encoding</I><BR>
<CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR>
<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0
-sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno</CODE><BR>
<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 1</CODE><BR>
<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 2 -vobsubout
subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P>
<P><I>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</I><BR>
<CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR>
<CODE>mencoder movie.mpg -ifo movie.ifo -vobsubout subtitles
-vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P>
<H3><A NAME="options">2.4.3 Available options</A></H3>
<P>For the complete list of available <B>MEncoder</B> options and examples, please
see the man page.</P>
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