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diff --git a/DOCS/xml/zh_CN/usage.xml b/DOCS/xml/zh_CN/usage.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 5fe0bdc207..0000000000 --- a/DOCS/xml/zh_CN/usage.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1714 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> -<!-- synced with cd-dvd.xml r21612 --> -<chapter id="usage"> -<title>Usage</title> - -<sect1 id="commandline"> -<title>Command line</title> - -<para> -<application>MPlayer</application> utilizes a complex playtree. Options passed -on the command line can apply to all files/URLs or just to specific ones -depending on their position. For example -<screen>mplayer -vfm ffmpeg movie1.avi movie2.avi</screen> -will use FFmpeg decoders for both files, but -<screen> -mplayer -vfm ffmpeg <replaceable>movie1.avi</replaceable> <replaceable>movie2.avi</replaceable> -vfm dmo -</screen> -will play the second file with a DMO decoder. -</para> - -<para> -You can group filenames/URLs together using <literal>{</literal> and -<literal>}</literal>. It is useful with option <option>-loop</option>: -<screen>mplayer { 1.avi -loop 2 2.avi } -loop 3</screen> -The above command will play files in this order: 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2. -</para> - -<para> -Playing a file: -<synopsis> -<command>mplayer</command><!-- ---> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- ---> [<replaceable>path</replaceable>/]<replaceable>filename</replaceable> -</synopsis> -</para> - -<para> -Another way to play a file: -<synopsis> -<command>mplayer</command><!-- ---> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- ---> <replaceable>file:///uri-escaped-path</replaceable> -</synopsis> -</para> - -<para> -Playing more files: -<synopsis> -<command>mplayer</command><!-- ---> [<replaceable>default options</replaceable>]<!-- ---> [<replaceable>path</replaceable>/]<replaceable>filename1</replaceable><!-- ---> [<replaceable>options for filename1</replaceable>]<!-- ---> <replaceable>filename2</replaceable><!-- ---> [<replaceable>options for filename2</replaceable>] ... -</synopsis> -</para> - -<para> -Playing VCD: -<synopsis> -<command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- ---> vcd://<replaceable>trackno</replaceable><!-- ---> [-cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/cdrom</replaceable>] -</synopsis> -</para> - -<para> -Playing DVD: -<synopsis> -<command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- ---> dvd://<replaceable>titleno</replaceable><!-- ---> [-dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/dvd</replaceable>] -</synopsis> -</para> - -<para> -Playing from the WWW: -<synopsis> -<command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- ---> http://<replaceable>site.com/file.asf</replaceable> -</synopsis> -(playlists can be used, too) -</para> - -<para> -Playing from RTSP: -<synopsis> -<command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- ---> rtsp://<replaceable>server.example.com/streamName</replaceable> -</synopsis> -</para> - -<para> -Examples: -<screen> -mplayer -vo x11 <replaceable>/mnt/Films/Contact/contact2.mpg</replaceable> -mplayer vcd://<replaceable>2</replaceable> -cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> -mplayer -afm 3 <replaceable>/mnt/DVDtrailers/alien4.vob</replaceable> -mplayer dvd://<replaceable>1</replaceable> -dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> -mplayer -abs 65536 -delay -0.4 -nobps <replaceable>~/movies/test.avi</replaceable><!-- ---></screen> -</para> -</sect1> - - -<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> - - -<sect1 id="subosd"> -<title>Subtitles and OSD</title> - -<para> -<application>MPlayer</application> can display subtitles along with movie files. -Currently the following formats are supported: -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>VOBsub</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>OGM</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>CC (closed caption)</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>MicroDVD</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>SubRip</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>SubViewer</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Sami</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>VPlayer</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>RT</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>SSA</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>PJS (Phoenix Japanimation Society)</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>MPsub</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>AQTitle</para></listitem> - <listitem><para> - <ulink url="http://unicorn.us.com/jacosub/">JACOsub</ulink> - </para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> -</para> - -<para> -<application>MPlayer</application> can dump the previously listed subtitle -formats (<emphasis role="bold">except the three first</emphasis>) into the -following destination formats, with the given options: -<itemizedlist> - <listitem><para>MPsub: <option>-dumpmpsub</option></para></listitem> - <listitem><para>SubRip: <option>-dumpsrtsub</option></para></listitem> - <listitem><para>MicroDVD: <option>-dumpmicrodvdsub</option></para></listitem> - <listitem><para>JACOsub: <option>-dumpjacosub</option></para></listitem> - <listitem><para>Sami: <option>-dumpsami</option></para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> -</para> - -<para> -<application>MEncoder</application> can dump DVD subtitles into -<link linkend="menc-feat-extractsub">VOBsub</link> format. -</para> - -<para> -The command line options differ slightly for the different formats: -</para> - -<formalpara> -<title>VOBsub subtitles</title> -<para> -VOBsub subtitles consist of a big (some megabytes) <filename>.SUB</filename> -file, and optional <filename>.IDX</filename> and/or <filename>.IFO</filename> -files. If you have files like -<filename><replaceable>sample.sub</replaceable></filename>, -<filename><replaceable>sample.ifo</replaceable></filename> (optional), -<filename><replaceable>sample.idx</replaceable></filename> - you have to pass -<application>MPlayer</application> the <option>-vobsub sample -[-vobsubid <replaceable>id</replaceable>]</option> options -(full path optional). The <option>-vobsubid</option> option is like -<option>-sid</option> for DVDs, you can choose between subtitle tracks -(languages) with it. In case that <option>-vobsubid</option> is omitted, -<application>MPlayer</application> will try to use the languages given by the -<option>-slang</option> option and fall back to the -<systemitem>langidx</systemitem> in the <filename>.IDX</filename> file to set -the subtitle language. If it fails, there will be no subtitles. -</para> -</formalpara> - -<formalpara> -<title>Other subtitles</title> -<para> -The other formats consist of a single text file containing timing, -placement and text information. Usage: If you have a file like -<filename><replaceable>sample.txt</replaceable></filename>, -you have to pass the option <option>-sub -<replaceable>sample.txt</replaceable></option> (full path optional). -</para> -</formalpara> - -<variablelist> -<title>Adjusting subtitle timing and placement:</title> -<varlistentry> - <term><option>-subdelay <replaceable>sec</replaceable></option></term> - <listitem><para> - Delays subtitles by <option><replaceable>sec</replaceable></option> seconds. - Can be negative. The value is added to movie's time position counter. - </para></listitem> -</varlistentry> -<varlistentry> - <term><option>-subfps <replaceable>RATE</replaceable></option></term> - <listitem><para> - Specify frame/sec rate of subtitle file (float number). - </para></listitem> -</varlistentry> -<varlistentry> - <term><option>-subpos <replaceable>0-100</replaceable></option></term> - <listitem><para> - Specify the position of subtitles. - </para></listitem> -</varlistentry> -</variablelist> - -<para> -If you experience a growing delay between the movie and the subtitles when -using a MicroDVD subtitle file, most likely the framerate of the movie and -the subtitle file are different. Please note that the MicroDVD subtitle -format uses absolute frame numbers for its timing, but there is no fps -information in it, and therefore the <option>-subfps</option> option should -be used with this format. If you like to solve this problem permanently, -you have to manually convert the subtitle file framerate. -<application>MPlayer</application> can do this -conversion for you: - -<screen> -mplayer -dumpmicrodvdsub -fps <replaceable>subtitles_fps</replaceable> -subfps <replaceable>avi_fps</replaceable> \ - -sub <replaceable>subtitle_filename</replaceable> <replaceable>dummy.avi</replaceable> -</screen> -</para> - -<para> -About DVD subtitles, read the <link linkend="dvd">DVD</link> section. -</para> -</sect1> - - -<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> - - -<sect1 id="control"> -<title>Control</title> - -<para> -<application>MPlayer</application> has a fully configurable, command -driven, control layer which lets you control -<application>MPlayer</application> with keyboard, mouse, joystick or remote -control (using LIRC). See the man page for the complete list of keyboard controls. -</para> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect2 id="ctrl-cfg"> -<title>Controls configuration</title> - -<para> -<application>MPlayer</application> allows you bind any key/button to any -<application>MPlayer</application> command using a simple config file. -The syntax consist of a key name followed by a command. The default config file location is -<filename>$HOME/.mplayer/input.conf</filename> but it can be overridden -using the <option>-input <replaceable>conf</replaceable></option> option -(relative path are relative to <filename>$HOME/.mplayer</filename>). -</para> - -<para> -You can get a full list of supported key names by running -<command>mplayer -input keylist</command> -and a full list of available commands by running -<command>mplayer -input cmdlist</command>. -</para> - -<example id="input_control_file"> -<title>A simple input control file</title> -<programlisting> -## -## MPlayer input control file -## - -RIGHT seek +10 -LEFT seek -10 -- audio_delay 0.100 -+ audio_delay -0.100 -q quit -> pt_step 1 -< pt_step -1 -ENTER pt_step 1 1<!-- ---></programlisting> -</example> -</sect2> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect2 id="lirc"> -<title>Control from LIRC</title> - -<para> -Linux Infrared Remote Control - use an easy to build home-brewed IR-receiver, -an (almost) arbitrary remote control and control your Linux box with it! -More about it on the <ulink url="http://www.lirc.org">LIRC homepage</ulink>. -</para> - -<para> -If you have the LIRC package installed, <filename>configure</filename> will -autodetect it. If everything went fine, <application>MPlayer</application> -will print "<systemitem>Setting up LIRC support...</systemitem>" -on startup. If an error occurs it will tell you. If there is no message about -LIRC there is no support compiled in. That's it :-) -</para> - -<para> -The application name for <application>MPlayer</application> is - surprise - -<filename>mplayer</filename>. You can use any <application>MPlayer</application> -commands and even pass more than one command by separating them with -<literal>\n</literal>. -Do not forget to enable the repeat flag in <filename>.lircrc</filename> when -it makes sense (seek, volume, etc). Here is an excerpt from a sample -<filename>.lircrc</filename>: -</para> - -<programlisting> -begin - button = VOLUME_PLUS - prog = mplayer - config = volume 1 - repeat = 1 -end - -begin - button = VOLUME_MINUS - prog = mplayer - config = volume -1 - repeat = 1 -end - -begin - button = CD_PLAY - prog = mplayer - config = pause -end - -begin - button = CD_STOP - prog = mplayer - config = seek 0 1\npause -end<!-- ---></programlisting> - -<para> -If you do not like the standard location for the lirc-config file -(<filename>~/.lircrc</filename>) use the <option>-lircconf -<replaceable>filename</replaceable></option> switch to specify another -file. -</para> -</sect2> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect2 id="slave-mode"> -<title>Slave mode</title> - -<para> -The slave mode allows you to build simple frontends to -<application>MPlayer</application>. When run with the -<option>-slave</option> option <application>MPlayer</application> will -read commands separated by a newline (\n) from stdin. -The commands are documented in the -<ulink url="../../tech/slave.txt">slave.txt</ulink> file. -</para> -</sect2> -</sect1> - - -<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> - - -<sect1 id="streaming"> -<title>Streaming from network or pipes</title> - -<para> -<application>MPlayer</application> can play files from the network, using the -HTTP, FTP, MMS or RTSP/RTP protocol. -</para> - -<para> -Playing works simply by passing the URL on the command line. -<application>MPlayer</application> honors the <envar>http_proxy</envar> -environment variable, using a proxy if available. Proxies can also be forced: -<screen> -mplayer <replaceable>http_proxy://proxy.micorsops.com:3128/http://micorsops.com:80/stream.asf</replaceable> -</screen> -</para> - -<para> -<application>MPlayer</application> can read from stdin -(<emphasis>not</emphasis> named pipes). This can for example be used to -play from FTP: -<screen> -wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer - -</screen> -</para> - -<note><para> -It is also recommended to enable <option>-cache</option> when playing -from the network: -<screen> -wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer -cache 8192 - -</screen> -</para></note> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect2 id="streaming-save"> -<title>Saving streamed content</title> - -<para> -Once you succeed in making <application>MPlayer</application> play -your favorite internet stream, you can use the option -<option>-dumpstream</option> to save the stream into a file. -For example: -<screen> -mplayer <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> -dumpstream -dumpfile <replaceable>stream.asf</replaceable> -</screen> -will save the content streamed from -<replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> into -<replaceable>stream.asf</replaceable>. -This works with all protocols supported by -<application>MPlayer</application>, like MMS, RTSP, and so forth. -</para> -</sect2> -</sect1> - - -<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> - - -<sect1 id="drives"> -<title>CD/DVD驱动器</title> - -<para> -现代的CD-ROM驱动器能达到很高的速度，然而一些CD-ROM也可以在降低速度下运行。 -有几条原因可能使你考虑改变CD-ROM的读盘速度： -</para> - -<itemizedlist> -<listitem><para> - 有报告称告诉读取可产生错误，尤其是制作恶劣的CD-ROM。降低速度可以防止这些 - 情况下的数据丢失。 -</para></listitem> - -<listitem><para> - 许多CD-ROM驱动器有很讨厌的噪音，低俗可以降低这些噪音。 -</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect2 id="drives_linux"> -<title>Linux</title> - -<para> -你可以使用<command>hdparm</command>，<command>setcd</command>或 -<command>cdctl</command>以减慢IDE CD-ROM的驱动器。使用方法如下： -<screen>hdparm -E <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable> <replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable></screen> -<screen>setcd -x <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable> <replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable></screen> -<screen>cdctl -bS <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable></screen> -</para> - -<para> -如果你使用SCSI模拟，你必须把设置应用到真正的IDE驱动器，不是被 -模拟的SCSI设备。 -</para> - -<para> -如果你有root权限，下面的命令也可能有帮助： -<screen>echo file_readahead:2000000 > /proc/ide/<replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable>/settings</screen> -</para> - -<para> -这将预读取的文件设置为2MB，这对有划痕的CD-ROM有帮助。如果你设置 -的太大，驱动器会不断来回转动，极大降低性能。 -推荐你使用<command>hdparm</command>调整你的CD-ROM： -<screen>hdparm -d1 -a8 -u1 <replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable></screen> -</para> - -<para> -这开启了DMA读取，预读，以及IRQ遮盖（对于详细解释阅读 -<command>hdparm</command>man页）。 -</para> - -<para> -请阅读 -"<filename>/proc/ide/<replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable>/settings</filename>" -以很好调整你的CD-ROM。 -</para> - -<para> -SCSI驱动器没有统一设置参数的方法（你知道？告诉我们！），有一个工具 -<ulink url="http://das.ist.org/~georg/">Plextor SCSI drives</ulink>可参照。 -</para> -</sect2> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect2 id="drives_freebsd"> -<title>FreeBSD</title> - -<para>speed: -<screen> -cdcontrol [-f <replaceable>device</replaceable>] speed <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable> -</screen> -</para> - -<para>DMA: -<screen> -sysctl hw.ata.atapi_dma=1 -</screen> -</para> - -</sect2> - -</sect1> - - -<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> - - -<sect1 id="dvd"> -<title>DVD回放</title> - -<para> -对于完整的可用选项，请阅读man页。 -播放标准DVD的语法如下： -<screen> -mplayer dvd://<replaceable><track></replaceable> [-dvd-device <replaceable><device></replaceable>] -</screen> -</para> - -<para> -例如： -<screen>mplayer dvd://1 -dvd-device /dev/hdc</screen> -</para> - -<para> -如果你使用dvdnav支持编译<application>MPlayer</application>，语法是一样的，但你要用 -dvdnav://而不用dvd://。 -</para> - -<para> -默认的DVD设备是<filename>/dev/dvd</filename>。如果你的设置不同，创建 -个连接或者在命令行中用<option>-dvd-device</option>指定正确的设备。 -</para> - -<para> -对于DVD回放及解密，<application>MPlayer</application>使用 -<systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem>及<systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem> -这两个库在 -<application>MPlayer</application>的源码树中，你不必单独安装。你也可以使用 -全系统可用的版本，但这种做法不被推荐，因为它能导致错误，库不兼容以及更慢的 -速度。 -</para> - -<note><para> -对于DVD解码问题，尝试禁用supermount，或者其它相应特性。一些RPC-2驱动器 -可能还需要设置区域代码。 -</para></note> - -<formalpara> -<title>DVD结构</title> -<para> -DVD磁盘的每个簇有带有ECC/CRC的2048字节。每个轨上采用UDF文件格式，包含各种文 -件（小的.IFO及.BUK文件以极大的（1GB）的.VOB文件）。它们是真正的文件能从被挂 -载的未加密的DVD中复制/播放。 -</para> -</formalpara> - -<para> -.IFO文件包含电影的浏览信息（章/标题/视角图，语言表等），它们被用于读及解析 -.VOB的内容（影片）。.BUK文件是它们的备份。他们到处使用<emphasis role="bold">簇</emphasis>， -所以你需要指定光盘上真正的簇地址以完成DVD浏览或对内容进行解密。 -</para> - -<para> -DVD支持通过原始的对设备基于簇的访问。不幸的是，（在Linux中）要得到一个文件 -的簇地址，你必须是超级用户。那就是我们不使用内核的文件系统的原因，我们在用 -户层对此进行了重新实现。<systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> 0.9.x完成了此项 -工作。我们并不需要内核中的UDF文件系统驱动因为它们已经有了自己内置的UDF文件 -</para> - -<para> -有时<filename>/dev/dvd</filename>对用户不可读，所以 -<systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem>的作者实现了一个模拟层，其实现了将簇地址 -提交到文件名+偏移量中，以模拟在挂载的文件系统甚至是硬盘上的直接访问。 -</para> - -<para> -<systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem>对于直接访问甚至支持挂载点而不是设备名并 -检查<filename>/proc/mounts</filename>以得到设备名称。其被开发在Solaris上， -在那系统上设备名是动态分配的。 -</para> - -<formalpara> -<title>DVD解密</title> -<para> -DVD解密通过<systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem>完成。这个方法可以通过 -<envar>DVDCSS_METHOD</envar>环境变量设置，具体细节参考man页。 -</para> -</formalpara> - -<para> -RPC-1 DVD驱动器只使用软件对区域设置进行保护。RPC-2驱动器有一个硬件保护，只准 -许做5次更改。你可能需要或被推荐把firmware升级到RPC-1，如果你有个RPC-2 DVD驱动 -器。你可以在因特网上寻找firmware的升级， -<ulink url="http://forum.rpc-1.com/dl_all.php">此firmware论坛</ulink> -对你的搜索可能是个好起点。如果没有针对你的设备的firmware升级，使用 -<ulink url="http://linvdr.org/projects/regionset/">区域工具</ulink> -来设置你DVD的区域码（在Linux下）。 -<emphasis role="bold">警告</emphasis>：你只可以设置5次区域。 -</para> -</sect1> - - -<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> - - -<sect1 id="vcd"> -<title>VCD回放</title> - -<para> -对于可用选项的详细列表，请阅读man页。对于标准视频CD (VCD)的语法如下： -<screen>mplayer vcd://<replaceable><track></replaceable> [-cdrom-device <replaceable><device></replaceable>]</screen> -例如： -<screen>mplayer vcd://2 -cdrom-device /dev/hdc</screen> -默认的VCD设备是<filename>/dev/cdrom</filename>。如果你的设置不同，建 -立个连接或者在命令行通过<option>-cdrom-device</option>选项指定正确设备。 -</para> - -<note><para> -至少Plextor及一些Toshiba SCSI CD-ROM驱动器对读取VCD有着恐怖的性能。这是因为 -针对这些设备的CDROMREADRAW <systemitem>ioctl</systemitem>没有完成。如果你有 -SCSI编程知识，请<ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">帮我们</ulink>实现对SCSI -VCD的支持。 -</para></note> - -<para> -同时，你可以通过 -In the meantime you can extract data from VCDs with -<ulink url="http://ftp.ntut.edu.tw/ftp/OS/Linux/packages/X/viewers/readvcd/">readvcd</ulink> -从VCD提取数据并用<application>MPlayer</application>播放最终文件。 -</para> - -<formalpara> -<title>VCD结构</title> -<para> -视频CD (VCD)由CD-ROM XA簇组成，例如CD-ROM 模式 2 -表格1及2轨： -<itemizedlist> -<listitem><para> - 第一个轨道处于模式2表格2格式下，这意味着他使用L2错误恢复。此轨道含有 - ISO-9660文件系统，其拥有2048字节/簇。此文件系统含有VCD属性数据信息， - 以及经常用于菜单上的静态桢。对菜单的MPEG块也能存于这第一个轨道上，但 - MPEG不得不被分散成一系列的150个簇的块。ISO-9660文件系统可以包含其它 - 对于VCD操作不重要的文件或程序。 -</para></listitem> - -<listitem><para> - 第二及余下的轨道通常是原始的2324字节/簇的MPEG(影片)轨道，每个簇包含 - 一个MPEG PS数据包。这些处于模式2表格1格式，所以他们没簇存储更多数据， - 损失了一些纠错。在一个VCD的第一个轨道后也包含CD-DA轨道也是合法的。在 - 一些操作系统中，有些技巧是这些非ISO-9660轨道出现在文件系统中。在另外 - 一些操作系统中如GNU/Linux，这还（未）被实现。在此，MPEG数据 - <emphasis role="bold">不能被挂载</emphasis>。因为大部分电影在这种轨道 - 内，你应先试<option>vcd://2</option>。 -</para></listitem> - -<listitem><para> - 还存在没有第一个轨道的VCD（单一轨道根本没有文件系统）。他们仍然是可 - 播放的，但不能被挂载。 -</para></listitem> - -<listitem><para> - 视频CD的定义被称为Philips"白皮书"，它通常并不出现在网上因为它要从 - Philips购买。对于视频CD更详细的资料可从 - <ulink url="http://www.vcdimager.org/pub/vcdimager/manuals/0.7/vcdimager.html#SEC4">vcdimager文档</ulink> - 获取。 -</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> -</para> -</formalpara> - -<formalpara> -<title>关于.DAT文件</title> -<para> -被挂载的VCD上处于第一个轨道上的~600MB的文件并不是真正的文件！它是所谓的ISO网 -关，其被创建以便Windows处理这些轨道（Windows根本不允许应用程序直接访问原始设 -备）。在Linux下你不能复制或播放这些文件（它们包含垃圾）。在Windows下，这是可 -能的因为他的iso9660驱动模拟了在文件内直接读取轨道。要播放.DAT文件，你需要内核 -驱动，岂可再PowerDVD的Linux版本中找到。其有一个更改的iso9660文件系统 -(<filename>vcdfs/isofs-2.4.X.o</filename>)驱动，你可以通过<application>MPlayer</application> -复制甚至播放.DAT文件。但在Linux内核的标准的iso9660驱动上它不能工作！另外使用 -使用<option>vcd://</option>。对于VCD复制另外的方法是内核新的 -<ulink url="http://www.elis.rug.ac.be/~ronsse/cdfs/">cdfs</ulink>驱动（不是 -官方内核的一部分）其将CD会话显示为镜像文件及<ulink url="http://cdrdao.sf.net/">cdrdao</ulink>， -一个逐位的ＣＤ抓轨／复制程序。 -</para> -</formalpara> -</sect1> - - -<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> - - -<sect1 id="edl" xreflabel="Edit Decision Lists (EDL)"> -<title>Edit Decision Lists (EDL)</title> - -<para> -The edit decision list (EDL) system allows you to automatically skip -or mute sections of videos during playback, based on a movie specific -EDL configuration file. -</para> - -<para> -This is useful for those who may want to watch a film in "family-friendly" -mode. You can cut out any violence, profanity, Jar-Jar Binks .. from a movie -according to your own personal preferences. Aside from this, there are other -uses, like automatically skipping over commercials in video files you watch. -</para> - -<para> -The EDL file format is pretty bare-bones. There is one command per line that -indicates what to do (skip/mute) and when to do it (using pts in seconds). -</para> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect2 id="edl_using"> -<title>Using an EDL file</title> - -<para> -Include the <option>-edl <filename></option> flag when you run -<application>MPlayer</application>, with the name of the EDL file you -want applied to the video. -</para> -</sect2> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect2 id="edl_making"> -<title>Making an EDL file</title> - -<para> -The current EDL file format is: -<programlisting>[begin second] [end second] [action]</programlisting> -Where the seconds are floating-point numbers and the action is either -<literal>0</literal> for skip or <literal>1</literal> for mute. Example: -<programlisting> -5.3 7.1 0 -15 16.7 1 -420 422 0 -</programlisting> -This will skip from second 5.3 to second 7.1 of the video, then mute at -15 seconds, unmute at 16.7 seconds and skip from second 420 to second 422 -of the video. These actions will be performed when the playback timer -reaches the times given in the file. -</para> - -<para> -To create an EDL file to work from, use the <option>-edlout -<filename></option> flag. During playback, just hit <keycap>i</keycap> to -mark the beginning and end of a skip block. -A corresponding entry will be written to the file for that time. -You can then go back and fine-tune the generated EDL file as well as -change the default operation which is to skip the block described by each line. -</para> -</sect2> -</sect1> - - -<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> - - -<sect1 id="advaudio-surround"> -<title>Surround/Multichannel playback</title> - -<sect2 id="advaudio-surround-DVD"> -<title>DVDs</title> - -<para> -Most DVDs and many other files include surround sound. -<application>MPlayer</application> supports surround playback but does not -enable it by default because stereo equipment is by far more common. To play a -file that has more than two channels of audio use <option>-channels</option>. -For example, to play a DVD with 5.1 audio: -<screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6</screen> -Note that despite the name "5.1" there are actually six discrete channels. -If you have surround sound equipment it is safe to put the -<option>channels</option> option in your <application>MPlayer</application> -configuration file <filename>~/.mplayer/config</filename>. For example, to make -quadraphonic playback the default, add this line: -<programlisting>channels=4</programlisting> -<application>MPlayer</application> will then output audio in four channels when -all four channels are available. -</para> -</sect2> - - -<sect2 id="advaudio-surround-stereoinfour"> -<title>Playing stereo files to four speakers</title> - -<para> -<application>MPlayer</application> does not duplicate any channels by default, -and neither do most audio drivers. If you want to do that manually: -<screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0</screen> -See the section on -<link linkend="advaudio-channels-copying">channel copying</link> for an -explanation. -</para> -</sect2> - - -<sect2 id="advaudio-surround-passthrough"> -<title>AC-3/DTS Passthrough</title> - -<para> -DVDs usually have surround audio encoded in AC-3 (Dolby Digital) or DTS -(Digital Theater System) format. Some modern audio equipment is capable of -decoding these formats internally. <application>MPlayer</application> can be -configured to relay the audio data without decoding it. This will only work if -you have a S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface) jack in your sound card, or -if you are passing audio over HDMI. -</para> - -<para> -If your audio equipment can decode both AC-3 and DTS, you can safely enable -passthrough for both formats. Otherwise, enable passthrough for only the format -your equipment supports. -</para> - -<itemizedlist> -<title>To enable passthrough on the command line:</title> -<listitem><para> - For AC-3 only, use <option>-ac hwac3</option> -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - For DTS only, use <option>-ac hwdts</option> -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - For both AC-3 and DTS, use <option>-afm hwac3</option> -</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -<itemizedlist> -<title>To enable passthrough in the <application>MPlayer</application> - configuration file: </title> -<listitem><para> - For AC-3 only, use <option>ac=hwac3,</option> -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - For DTS only, use <option>ac=hwdts,</option> -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - For both AC-3 and DTS, use <option>afm=hwac3</option> -</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> - -<para> -Note that there is a comma (",") at the end of -<option>ac=hwac3,</option> and <option>ac=hwdts,</option>. This will make -<application>MPlayer</application> fall back on the codecs it normally uses when -playing a file that does not have AC-3 or DTS audio. -<option>afm=hwac3</option> does not need a comma; -<application>MPlayer</application> will fall back anyway when an audio family -is specified. -</para> -</sect2> - - -<sect2 id="hwmpa-surround-passthrough"> -<title>MPEG audio Passthrough</title> - -<para> -Digital TV transmissions (such as DVB and ATSC) and some DVDs usually have -MPEG audio streams (in particular MP2). -Some MPEG hardware decoders such as full-featured DVB cards and DXR2 -adapters can natively decode this format. -<application>MPlayer</application> can be configured to relay the audio data -without decoding it. -</para> - -<para> -To use this codec: -<screen> mplayer -ac hwmpa </screen> -</para> -</sect2> - - -<sect2 id="advaudio-surround-matrix"> -<title>Matrix-encoded audio</title> - -<para> -<emphasis>***TODO***</emphasis> -</para> - -<para> -This section has yet to be written and cannot be completed until somebody -provides sample files for us to test. If you have any matrix-encoded audio -files, know where to find some, or have any information that could be helpful, -please send a message to the -<ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-docs">MPlayer-DOCS</ulink> -mailing list. Put "[matrix-encoded audio]" in the subject line. -</para> - -<para> -If no files or further information are forthcoming this section will be dropped. -</para> - -<para> -Good links: -<itemizedlist> -<listitem><para> - <ulink url="http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm">http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm</ulink> -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - <ulink url="http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp">http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp</ulink> -</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> -</para> -</sect2> - - -<sect2 id="advaudio-surround-hrtf"> -<title>Surround emulation in headphones</title> - -<para> -<application>MPlayer</application> includes an HRTF (Head Related Transfer -Function) filter based on an -<ulink url="http://sound.media.mit.edu/KEMAR.html">MIT project</ulink> -wherein measurements were taken from microphones mounted on a dummy human head. -</para> - -<para> -Although it is not possible to exactly imitate a surround system, -<application>MPlayer</application>'s HRTF filter does provide more spatially -immersive audio in 2-channel headphones. Regular downmixing simply combines all -the channels into two; besides combining the channels, <option>hrtf</option> -generates subtle echoes, increases the stereo separation slightly, and alters -the volume of some frequencies. Whether HRTF sounds better may be dependent on -the source audio and a matter of personal taste, but it is definitely worth -trying out. -</para> - -<para> -To play a DVD with HRTF: -<screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6 -af hrtf</screen> -</para> - -<para> -<option>hrtf</option> only works well with 5 or 6 channels. Also, -<option>hrtf</option> requires 48 kHz audio. DVD audio is already 48 kHz, but if -you have a file with a different sampling rate that you want to play using -<option>hrtf</option> you must resample it: -<screen> -mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -channels 6 -af resample=48000,hrtf -</screen> -</para> -</sect2> - - -<sect2 id="advaudio-surround-troubleshooting"> -<title>Troubleshooting</title> - -<para> -If you do not hear any sound out of your surround channels, check your mixer -settings with a mixer program such as <application>alsamixer</application>; -audio outputs are often muted and set to zero volume by default. -</para> -</sect2> -</sect1> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect1 id="advaudio-channels"> -<title>Channel manipulation</title> - -<sect2 id="advaudio-channels-general"> -<title>General information</title> - -<para> -Unfortunately, there is no standard for how channels are ordered. The orders -listed below are those of AC-3 and are fairly typical; try them and see if your -source matches. Channels are numbered starting with 0. - -<orderedlist spacing="compact"> -<title>mono</title> - <listitem override="0"><para>center</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> - -<orderedlist spacing="compact"> -<title>stereo</title> - <listitem override="0"><para>left</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>right</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> - -<orderedlist spacing="compact"> -<title>quadraphonic</title> - <listitem override="0"><para>left front</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>right front</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>left rear</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>right rear</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> - -<orderedlist spacing="compact"> -<title>surround 4.0</title> - <listitem override="0"><para>left front</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>right front</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>center rear</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>center front</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> - -<orderedlist spacing="compact"> -<title>surround 5.0</title> - <listitem override="0"><para>left front</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>right front</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>left rear</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>right rear</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>center front</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> - -<orderedlist spacing="compact"> -<title>surround 5.1</title> - <listitem override="0"><para>left front</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>right front</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>left rear</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>right rear</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>center front</para></listitem> - <listitem><para>subwoofer</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> -</para> - -<para> -The <option>-channels</option> option is used to request the number of -channels from the audio decoder. Some audio codecs use the number of specified -channels to decide if downmixing the source is necessary. Note that this does -not always affect the number of output channels. For example, using -<option>-channels 4</option> to play a stereo MP3 file will still result in -2-channel output since the MP3 codec will not produce the extra channels. -</para> - -<para> -The <option>channels</option> audio filter can be used to create or remove -channels and is useful for controlling the number of channels sent to the sound -card. See the following sections for more information on channel manipulation. -</para> -</sect2> - - -<sect2 id="advaudio-channels-mono"> -<title>Playing mono with two speakers</title> - -<para> -Mono sounds a lot better when played through two speakers - especially when -using headphones. Audio files that truly have one channel are automatically -played through two speakers; unfortunately, most files with mono sound are -actually encoded as stereo with one channel silent. The easiest and most -foolproof way to make both speakers output the same audio is the -<option>extrastereo</option> filter: -<screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0</screen> -</para> - -<para> -This averages both channels, resulting in both channels being half as loud as -the original. The next sections have examples of other ways to do this without a -volume decrease, but they are more complex and require different options -depending on which channel to keep. If you really need to maintain the volume, -it may be easier to experiment with the <option>volume</option> filter and find -the right value. For example: -<screen> -mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0,volume=5 -</screen> -</para> -</sect2> - - -<sect2 id="advaudio-channels-copying"> -<title>Channel copying/moving</title> - -<para> -The <option>channels</option> filter can move any or all channels. -Setting up all the suboptions for the <option>channels</option> -filter can be complicated and takes a little care. - -<orderedlist spacing="compact"> -<listitem><para> - Decide how many output channels you need. This is the first suboption. -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - Count how many channel moves you will do. This is the second suboption. Each - channel can be moved to several different channels at the same time, but keep - in mind that when a channel is moved (even if to only one destination) the - source channel will be empty unless another channel is moved into it. To copy - a channel, keeping the source the same, simply move the channel into both the - destination and the source. For example: - <programlisting> -channel 2 --> channel 3 -channel 2 --> channel 2<!-- - --></programlisting> -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - Write out the channel copies as pairs of suboptions. Note that the first - channel is 0, the second is 1, etc. The order of these suboptions does not - matter as long as they are properly grouped into - <replaceable>source:destination</replaceable> pairs. -</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> -</para> - -<bridgehead>Example: one channel in two speakers</bridgehead> -<para> -Here is an example of another way to play one channel in both speakers. Suppose -for this example that the left channel should be played and the right channel -discarded. Following the steps above: -<orderedlist> -<listitem><para> - In order to provide an output channel for each of the two speakers, the first - suboption must be "2". -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - The left channel needs to be moved to the right channel, and also must be - moved to itself so it won't be empty. This is a total of two moves, making - the second suboption "2" as well. -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - To move the left channel (channel 0) into the right channel (channel 1), the - suboption pair is "0:1", "0:0" moves the left channel onto itself. -</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> -Putting that all together gives: -<screen> -mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0 -</screen> -</para> - -<para> -The advantage this example has over <option>extrastereo</option> is that the -volume of each output channel is the same as the input channel. The disadvantage -is that the suboptions must be changed to "2:2:1:0:1:1" when the desired audio -is in the right channel. Also, it is more difficult to remember and type. -</para> - -<bridgehead>Example: left channel in two speakers shortcut</bridgehead> -<para> -There is actually a much easier way to use the <option>channels</option> filter -for playing the left channel in both speakers: -<screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=1</screen> -The second channel is discarded and, with no further suboptions, the single -remaining channel is left alone. Sound card drivers automatically play -single-channel audio in both speakers. This only works when the desired channel -is on the left. -</para> - -<bridgehead>Example: duplicate front channels to the rear</bridgehead> -<para> -Another common operation is to duplicate the front channels and play them back -on the rear speakers of a quadraphonic setup. -<orderedlist> -<listitem><para> - There should be four output channels. The first suboption is "4". -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - Each of the two front channels needs to be moved to the corresponding rear - channel and also to itself. This is four moves, so the second suboption is "4". -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - The left front (channel 0) needs to moved to the left rear (channel 2): - "0:2". The left front also needs to be moved to itself: "0:0". The right - front (channel 1) is moved to the right rear (channel 3): "1:3", and also to - itself: "1:1". -</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> -Combine all the suboptions to get: -<screen> -mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=4:4:0:2:0:0:1:3:1:1 -</screen> -</para> -</sect2> - - -<sect2 id="advaudio-channels-mixing"> -<title>Channel mixing</title> - -<para> -The <option>pan</option> filter can mix channels in user-specified proportions. -This allows for everything the <option>channels</option> filter can do and -more. Unfortunately, the suboptions are much more complicated. -<orderedlist> -<listitem><para> - Decide how many channels to work with. You may need to specify this with - <option>-channels</option> and/or <option>-af channels</option>. - Later examples will show when to use which. -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - Decide how many channels to feed into <option>pan</option> (further decoded - channels are discarded). This is the first suboption, and it also controls how - many channels to employ for output. -</para></listitem> -<listitem> - <para> - The remaining suboptions specify how much of each channel gets mixed into each - other channel. This is the complicated part. To break the task down, split the - suboptions into several sets, one set for each input channel. Each suboption - within a set corresponds to an output channel. The number you specify will be - the percentage of the input channel that gets mixed into the output channel. - </para> - <para> - <option>pan</option> accepts values from 0 to 512, yielding 0% to 51200% of - the original volume. Be careful when using values greater than 1. Not only - can this give you very high volume, but if you exceed the sample range of - your sound card you may hear painful pops and clicks. If you want you can - follow <option>pan</option> with <option>,volume</option> to enable clipping, - but it is best to keep the values of <option>pan</option> low enough that - clipping is not necessary. - </para> -</listitem> -</orderedlist> -</para> - -<bridgehead>Example: one channel in two speakers</bridgehead> -<para> -Here is yet another example for playing the left channel in two speakers. Follow -the steps above: -<orderedlist> -<listitem><para> - <option>pan</option> should output two channels, so the first - suboption is "2". -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - Since we have two input channels, there will be two sets of suboptions. - Since there are also two output channels, - there will be two suboptions per set. - The left channel from the file should go with full volume to - the new left and the right channels. - Thus the first set of suboptions is "1:1". - The right channel should be discarded, so the second would be "0:0". - Any 0 values at the end can be left out, but for ease of - understanding we will keep them. -</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> -Putting those options together gives: -<screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:1:0:0</screen> -If the right channel is desired instead of the left, the suboptions to -<option>pan</option> will be "2:0:0:1:1". -</para> - - -<bridgehead>Example: left channel in two speakers shortcut</bridgehead> -<para> -As with <option>channels</option>, there is a shortcut that only works with the -left channel: -<screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af pan=1:1</screen> -Since <option>pan</option> has only one channel of input (the other channel is -discarded), there is only one set with one suboption, which specifies that the -only channel gets 100% of itself. -</para> - -<bridgehead>Example: downmixing 6-channel PCM</bridgehead> -<para> -<application>MPlayer</application>'s decoder for 6-channel PCM is not capable of -downmixing. Here is a way to downmix PCM using <option>pan</option>: -<orderedlist> -<listitem><para> - The number of output channels is 2, so the first suboption is "2". -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - With six input channels there will be six sets of options. Fortunately, - since we only care about the output of the first two channels, we only need to - make two sets; the remaining four sets can be omitted. Beware that not all - multichannel audio files have the same channel order! This example - demonstrates downmixing a file with the same channels as AC-3 5.1: - <programlisting> -0 - front left -1 - front right -2 - rear left -3 - rear right -4 - center front -5 - subwoofer<!-- - --></programlisting> - The first set of suboptions lists the percentages of the original volume, in - order, which each output channel should receive from the - front left channel: "1:0". - The front right channel should go into the right output: "0:1". - The same for the rear channels: "1:0" and "0:1". - The center channel goes into both output channels with half volume: - "0.5:0.5", and the subwoofer goes into both with full volume: "1:1". -</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> -Put all that together, for: -<screen> -mplayer <replaceable>6-channel.wav</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:0:0:1:1:0:0:1:0.5:0.5:1:1 -</screen> -The percentages listed above are only a rough example. Feel free to tweak them. -</para> - -<bridgehead>Example: Playing 5.1 audio on big speakers without a subwoofer</bridgehead> -<para> -If you have a huge pair of front speakers you may not want to waste any money on -buying a subwoofer for a complete 5.1 sound system. If you use -<option>-channels 5</option> to request that liba52 decode 5.1 audio in 5.0, -the subwoofer channel is simply discarded. If you want to distribute the -subwoofer channel yourself you need to downmix manually with -<option>pan</option>: -<orderedlist> -<listitem><para> - Since <option>pan</option> needs to examine all six channels, specify - <option>-channels 6</option> so liba52 decodes them all. -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - <option>pan</option> outputs to only five channels, the first suboption is 5. -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - Six input channels and five output channels means six sets of five suboptions. - <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> - <listitem><para> - The left front channel only replicates onto itself: - "1:0:0:0:0" - </para></listitem> - <listitem><para> - Same for the right front channel: - "0:1:0:0:0" - </para></listitem> - <listitem><para> - Same for the left rear channel: - "0:0:1:0:0" - </para></listitem> - <listitem><para> - And also the same for the right rear channel: - "0:0:0:1:0" - </para></listitem> - <listitem><para> - Center front, too: - "0:0:0:0:1" - </para></listitem> - <listitem><para> - And now we have to decide what to do with the subwoofer, - e.g. half into front right and front left: - "0.5:0.5:0:0:0" - </para></listitem> - </itemizedlist> -</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> -Combine all those options to get: -<screen> -mplayer <replaceable>dvd://1</replaceable> -channels 6 -af pan=5:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0.5:0.5:0:0:0 -</screen> -</para> -</sect2> -</sect1> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect1 id="advaudio-volume"> -<title>Software Volume adjustment</title> - -<para> -Some audio tracks are too quiet to be heard comfortably without amplification. -This becomes a problem when your audio equipment cannot amplify the signal for -you. The <option>-softvol</option> option directs -<application>MPlayer</application> to use an internal mixer. You can then use -the volume adjustment keys (by default <keycap>9</keycap> and -<keycap>0</keycap>) to reach much higher volume levels. Note that this does not -bypass your sound card's mixer; <application>MPlayer</application> only -amplifies the signal before sending it to your sound card. -The following example is a good start: -<screen> -mplayer <replaceable>quiet-file</replaceable> -softvol -softvol-max 300 -</screen> -The <option>-softvol-max</option> option specifies the maximum allowable output -volume as a percentage of the -original volume. For example, <option>-softvol-max 200</option> would allow the -volume to be adjusted up to twice its original level. -It is safe to specify a large value with -<option>-softvol-max</option>; the higher volume will not be used until you -use the volume adjustment keys. The only disadvantage of a large value is that, -since <application>MPlayer</application> adjusts volume by a percentage of the -maximum, you will not have as precise control when using the volume adjustment -keys. Use a lower value with <option>-softvol-max</option> and/or specify -<option>-volstep 1</option> if you need higher precision. -</para> - -<para> -The <option>-softvol</option> option works by controlling the -<option>volume</option> audio filter. If you want to play a file at a certain -volume from the beginning you can specify <option>volume</option> manually: -<screen>mplayer <replaceable>quiet-file</replaceable> -af volume=10</screen> -This will play the file with a ten decibel gain. Be careful when using the -<option>volume</option> filter - you could easily hurt your ears if you use -too high a value. Start low and work your way up gradually until you get a feel -for how much adjustment is required. Also, if you specify excessively high -values, <option>volume</option> may need to clip the signal to avoid sending -your sound card data that is outside the allowable range; this will result in -distorted audio. -</para> -</sect1> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV input"> -<title>TV input</title> - -<para> -This section is about how to enable <emphasis role="bold">watching/grabbing -from V4L compatible TV tuner</emphasis>. See the man page for a description -of TV options and keyboard controls. -</para> - -<sect2 id="tv-tips"> -<title>Usage tips</title> - -<para> -The full listing of the options is available on the manual page. -Here are just a few tips: - -<itemizedlist> -<listitem><para> - Make sure your tuner works with another TV software in Linux, for - example <application>XawTV</application>. -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - Use the <option>channels</option> option. An example: - <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen> - Explanation: Using this option, only the 26 and 23 channels will be usable, - and there will be a nice OSD text upon channel switching, displaying the - channel's name. Spaces in the channel name must be replaced by the - "_" character. -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - Choose some sane image dimensions. The dimensions of the resulting image - should be divisible by 16. -</para></listitem> -<listitem> - <para> - If you capture the video with the vertical resolution higher than half - of the full resolution (i.e. 288 for PAL or 240 for NTSC), then the - 'frames' you get will really be interleaved pairs of fields. - Depending on what you want to do with the video you may leave it in - this form, destructively deinterlace, or break the pairs apart into - individual fields. - </para> - <para> - Otherwise you'll get a movie which is distorted during - fast-motion scenes and the bitrate controller will be probably even unable - to retain the specified bitrate as the interlacing artifacts produce high - amount of detail and thus consume lot of bandwidth. You can enable - deinterlacing with <option>-vf pp=DEINT_TYPE</option>. - Usually <option>pp=lb</option> does a good job, but it can be matter of - personal preference. - See other deinterlacing algorithms in the manual and give it a try. - </para> -</listitem> -<listitem><para> - Crop out the dead space. When you capture the video, the areas at the edges - are usually black or contain some noise. These again consume lots of - unnecessary bandwidth. More precisely it's not the black areas themselves - but the sharp transitions between the black and the brighter video image - which do but that's not important for now. Before you start capturing, - adjust the arguments of the <option>crop</option> option so that all the - crap at the margins is cropped out. Again, don't forget to keep the resulting - dimensions sane. -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - Watch out for CPU load. It shouldn't cross the 90% boundary for most of the - time. If you have a large capture buffer, <application>MEncoder</application> - can survive an overload for few seconds but nothing more. It's better to - turn off the 3D OpenGL screensavers and similar stuff. -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - Don't mess with the system clock. <application>MEncoder</application> uses the - system clock for doing A/V sync. If you adjust the system clock (especially - backwards in time), <application>MEncoder</application> gets confused and you - will lose frames. This is an important issue if you are hooked to a network - and run some time synchronization software like NTP. You have to turn NTP - off during the capture process if you want to capture reliably. -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - Don't change the <option>outfmt</option> unless you know what you are doing - or your card/driver really doesn't support the default (YV12 colorspace). - In the older versions of <application>MPlayer</application>/ - <application>MEncoder</application> it was necessary to specify the output - format. This issue should be fixed in the current releases and - <option>outfmt</option> isn't required anymore, and the default suits the - most purposes. For example, if you are capturing into DivX using - <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> and specify - <option>outfmt=RGB24</option> in order to increase the quality of the captured - images, the captured image will be actually later converted back into YV12 so - the only thing you achieve is a massive waste of CPU power. -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - There are several ways of capturing audio. You can grab the sound either using - your sound card via an external cable connection between video card and - line-in, or using the built-in ADC in the bt878 chip. In the latter case, you - have to load the <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis> driver. Read the - <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> file (in the kernel - tree, not <application>MPlayer</application>'s) for some instructions on using - this driver. -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - If <application>MEncoder</application> cannot open the audio device, make - sure that it is really available. There can be some trouble with the sound - servers like aRts (KDE) or ESD (GNOME). If you have a full duplex sound card - (almost any decent card supports it today), and you are using KDE, try to - check the "full duplex" option in the sound server preference menu. -</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> -</para> -</sect2> - -<sect2 id="tv-examples"> -<title>Examples</title> - -<informalexample><para> -Dummy output, to AAlib :) -<screen>mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://</screen> -</para></informalexample> - -<informalexample><para> -Input from standard V4L: -<screen> -mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv:// -</screen> -</para></informalexample> - -<informalexample><para> -A more sophisticated example. This makes <application>MEncoder</application> -capture the full PAL image, crop the margins, and deinterlace the picture -using a linear blend algorithm. Audio is compressed with a constant bitrate -of 64kbps, using LAME codec. This setup is suitable for capturing movies. -<screen> -mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64\ - -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \ - -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> tv:// -</screen> -</para></informalexample> - -<informalexample><para> -This will additionally rescale the image to 384x288 and compresses the -video with the bitrate of 350kbps in high quality mode. The vqmax option -looses the quantizer and allows the video compressor to actually reach so -low bitrate even at the expense of the quality. This can be used for -capturing long TV series, where the video quality isn't so important. -<screen> -mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \ - -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \ - -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>\ - -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=lb,scale=384:288 tv:// -</screen> -It's also possible to specify smaller image dimensions in the -<option>-tv</option> option and omit the software scaling but this approach -uses the maximum available information and is a little more resistant to noise. -The bt8x8 chips can do the pixel averaging only in the horizontal direction due -to a hardware limitation. -</para></informalexample> -</sect2> -</sect1> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect1 id="tv-teletext"> -<title>Teletext</title> - -<para> - Teletext is currently available only in <application>MPlayer</application> - for v4l and v4l2 drivers. -</para> - -<sect2 id="tv-teletext-implementation-notes"> -<title>Implementation notes</title> - -<para> -<application>MPlayer</application> supports regular text, graphics and navigation links. -Unfortunately, colored pages are not fully supported yet - all pages are shown as grayscaled. -Subtitle pages (also known as Closed Captions) are supported, too. -</para> - -<para> -<application>MPlayer</application> starts caching all teletext pages upon -starting to receive TV input, so you do not need to wait until the requested page is loaded. -</para> - -<para> -Note: Using teletext with <option>-vo xv</option> causes strange colors. -</para> -</sect2> - -<sect2 id="tv-teletext-usage"> -<title>Using teletext</title> - -<para> -To enable teletext decoding you must specify the VBI device to get teletext data -from (usually <filename>/dev/vbi0</filename> for Linux). This can be done by specifying -<option>tdevice</option> in your configuration file, like shown below: -<screen>tv=tdevice=/dev/vbi0</screen> -</para> - -<para> -You might need to specify the teletext language code for your country. -To list all available country codes use -<screen>tv=tdevice=/dev/vbi0:tlang=<replaceable>-1</replaceable></screen> -Here is an example for Russian: -<screen>tv=tdevice=/dev/vbi0:tlang=<replaceable>33</replaceable></screen> -</para> - -<para> -</para> -</sect2> - -</sect1> - - -<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> - - -<sect1 id="radio"> -<title>广播电台</title> - -<sect2 id="radio-input" xreflabel="Radio input"> -<title>电台输入</title> - -<para> -这一部分将说明如何从V4L兼容的电台调谐器收听电台广播。 -请阅读手册中关于电台的可选项和键盘控制的描述。 -</para> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect3 id="radio-compilation"> -<title>编译</title> - -<procedure> -<step><para> - 首先, 你需要重新编译MPlayer, 使用<filename>./configure</filename>带上选项 - <option>--enable-radio</option> 和(如果你想要支持捕捉) - <option>--enable-radio-capture</option> -</para></step> -<step><para> - 确认你的电台调谐器可以和Linux的其他收音软件工作。 比如<application>XawTV</application>。 -</para></step> -</procedure> -</sect3> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect3 id="radio-tips"> -<title>使用技巧</title> - -<para> -可用选项的完整列表在手册中有列出。 -这里只给出一些技巧: - -<itemizedlist> -<listitem><para> - 使用<option>channels</option>选项。 例子: - <screen>-radio channels=104.4-Sibir,103.9-Maximum</screen> - 解释: 使用该选项, 则只可使用104.4和103.9电台。 在频道切换时, 将会有个不错的OSD文字, - 显示频道的名字。 频道的名字中的空格必须替换成下划线("_")。 -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - 有好几种方法可以捕捉声音。 为捕捉音频, 你可以通过连接视频卡和音频输入的外接线用你的声卡捕捉, - 也可以使用saa7134芯片内置的ADC。 在后一种情况下, 你要加载<systemitem>saa7134-alsa</systemitem> - 或<systemitem>saa7134-oss</systemitem>驱动。 -</para></listitem> -<listitem><para> - <application>MEncoder</application>不能用于音频捕捉, - 因为它需要视频流才工作。 因此你可以, 或使用ALSA项目的<application>arecord</application>, - 或者使用选项<option>-ao pcm:file=file.wav</option>。 在后一种情况下, - 你将听不到任何声音 (除非你用了输入线, 并且关闭了输入线静音)。 -</para></listitem> -</itemizedlist> -</para> -</sect3> - -<!-- ********** --> - -<sect3 id="radio-examples"> -<title>例子</title> - -<informalexample><para> -从标准的V4L输入 (使用输入线, 捕捉开关关闭): -<screen>mplayer radio://104.4</screen> -</para></informalexample> - -<informalexample><para> -从标准的V4L输入 (使用输入线, 捕捉开关关闭, V4Lv1接口): -<screen>mplayer -radio driver=v4l radio://104.4</screen> -</para></informalexample> - -<informalexample><para> -播放频道列表中的第二个频道: -<screen>mplayer -radio channels=104.4=Sibir,103.9=Maximm radio://2</screen> -</para></informalexample> - -<informalexample> -<para> -把声音从收音卡的内置ADC传到PCI总线。 -在这个例子中, 调谐器被用成是第二块声卡(ALSA device hw:1,0)。 -对于基于saa7134的卡, 必须加载 saa7134-alsa 或 saa7134-oss 模块。 -<screen> -mplayer -rawaudio rate=32000 radio://2/capture \ - -radio adevice=hw=1.0:arate=32000:channels=104.4=Sibir,103.9=Maximm -</screen> -<note><para>当使用ALSA设备名时, 冒号(:)必须替换成等号(=), -逗号(,)要替换成句点(.) -</para></note> -</para> -</informalexample> -</sect3> -</sect2> - -</sect1> -</chapter> |