path: root/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel.c

/*
 *
 * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met:
 *
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 * distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */

#include <ruby/ruby.h>
#include <ruby/thread.h>

#include "rb_byte_buffer.h"
#include "rb_channel.h"
#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"

#include <grpc/grpc.h>
#include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
#include <grpc/support/log.h>
#include <grpc/support/time.h>
#include "rb_call.h"
#include "rb_channel_args.h"
#include "rb_channel_credentials.h"
#include "rb_completion_queue.h"
#include "rb_grpc.h"
#include "rb_server.h"

/* id_channel is the name of the hidden ivar that preserves a reference to the
 * channel on a call, so that calls are not GCed before their channel.  */
static ID id_channel;

/* id_target is the name of the hidden ivar that preserves a reference to the
 * target string used to create the call, preserved so that it does not get
 * GCed before the channel */
static ID id_target;

/* id_insecure_channel is used to indicate that a channel is insecure */
static VALUE id_insecure_channel;

/* grpc_rb_cChannel is the ruby class that proxies grpc_channel. */
static VALUE grpc_rb_cChannel = Qnil;

/* Used during the conversion of a hash to channel args during channel setup */
static VALUE grpc_rb_cChannelArgs;

/* grpc_rb_channel wraps a grpc_channel. */
typedef struct grpc_rb_channel {
  VALUE credentials;

  /* The actual channel */
  grpc_channel *wrapped;
  int request_safe_destroy;
  int safe_to_destroy;
  grpc_connectivity_state current_connectivity_state;

  int mu_init_done;
  int abort_watch_connectivity_state;
  gpr_mu channel_mu;
  gpr_cv channel_cv;
} grpc_rb_channel;

/* Forward declarations of functions involved in temporary fix to
 * https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/9941 */
static void grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(
    grpc_rb_channel *wrapper);
static void grpc_rb_channel_safe_destroy(grpc_rb_channel *wrapper);
static void *wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_no_gil(void *);
static void wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_unblocking_func(void *);

static grpc_completion_queue *channel_polling_cq;
static gpr_mu global_connection_polling_mu;
static gpr_cv global_connection_polling_cv;
static int abort_channel_polling = 0;
static int channel_polling_thread_started = 0;

/* Destroys Channel instances. */
static void grpc_rb_channel_free(void *p) {
  grpc_rb_channel *ch = NULL;
  if (p == NULL) {
    return;
  };
  ch = (grpc_rb_channel *)p;

  if (ch->wrapped != NULL) {
    grpc_rb_channel_safe_destroy(ch);
    ch->wrapped = NULL;
  }

  if (ch->mu_init_done) {
    gpr_mu_destroy(&ch->channel_mu);
    gpr_cv_destroy(&ch->channel_cv);
  }

  xfree(p);
}

/* Protects the mark object from GC */
static void grpc_rb_channel_mark(void *p) {
  grpc_rb_channel *channel = NULL;
  if (p == NULL) {
    return;
  }
  channel = (grpc_rb_channel *)p;
  if (channel->credentials != Qnil) {
    rb_gc_mark(channel->credentials);
  }
}

static rb_data_type_t grpc_channel_data_type = {"grpc_channel",
                                                {grpc_rb_channel_mark,
                                                 grpc_rb_channel_free,
                                                 GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE,
                                                 {NULL, NULL}},
                                                NULL,
                                                NULL,
#ifdef RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
                                                RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
#endif
};

/* Allocates grpc_rb_channel instances. */
static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_alloc(VALUE cls) {
  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = ALLOC(grpc_rb_channel);
  wrapper->wrapped = NULL;
  wrapper->credentials = Qnil;
  return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(cls, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
}

/*
  call-seq:
    insecure_channel = Channel:new("myhost:8080", {'arg1': 'value1'},
                                   :this_channel_is_insecure)
    creds = ...
    secure_channel = Channel:new("myhost:443", {'arg1': 'value1'}, creds)

  Creates channel instances. */
static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
  VALUE channel_args = Qnil;
  VALUE credentials = Qnil;
  VALUE target = Qnil;
  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = NULL;
  grpc_channel *ch = NULL;
  grpc_channel_credentials *creds = NULL;
  char *target_chars = NULL;
  grpc_channel_args args;
  MEMZERO(&args, grpc_channel_args, 1);

  grpc_ruby_once_init();
  rb_thread_call_without_gvl(
      wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_no_gil, NULL,
      wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_unblocking_func, NULL);

  /* "3" == 3 mandatory args */
  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "3", &target, &channel_args, &credentials);

  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
  wrapper->mu_init_done = 0;
  target_chars = StringValueCStr(target);
  grpc_rb_hash_convert_to_channel_args(channel_args, &args);
  if (TYPE(credentials) == T_SYMBOL) {
    if (id_insecure_channel != SYM2ID(credentials)) {
      rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
               "bad creds symbol, want :this_channel_is_insecure");
      return Qnil;
    }
    ch = grpc_insecure_channel_create(target_chars, &args, NULL);
  } else {
    wrapper->credentials = credentials;
    creds = grpc_rb_get_wrapped_channel_credentials(credentials);
    ch = grpc_secure_channel_create(creds, target_chars, &args, NULL);
  }

  GPR_ASSERT(ch);

  wrapper->wrapped = ch;

  gpr_mu_init(&wrapper->channel_mu);
  gpr_cv_init(&wrapper->channel_cv);
  wrapper->mu_init_done = 1;

  gpr_mu_lock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
  wrapper->abort_watch_connectivity_state = 0;
  wrapper->current_connectivity_state =
      grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(wrapper->wrapped, 0);
  wrapper->safe_to_destroy = 0;
  wrapper->request_safe_destroy = 0;

  gpr_cv_broadcast(&wrapper->channel_cv);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&wrapper->channel_mu);

  grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(wrapper);

  if (args.args != NULL) {
    xfree(args.args); /* Allocated by grpc_rb_hash_convert_to_channel_args */
  }
  if (ch == NULL) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "could not create an rpc channel to target:%s",
             target_chars);
    return Qnil;
  }
  rb_ivar_set(self, id_target, target);
  wrapper->wrapped = ch;
  return self;
}

/*
  call-seq:
    ch.connectivity_state       -> state
    ch.connectivity_state(true) -> state

  Indicates the current state of the channel, whose value is one of the
  constants defined in GRPC::Core::ConnectivityStates.

  It also tries to connect if the chennel is idle in the second form. */
static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_get_connectivity_state(int argc, VALUE *argv,
                                                    VALUE self) {
  VALUE try_to_connect_param = Qfalse;
  int grpc_try_to_connect = 0;
  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = NULL;
  grpc_channel *ch = NULL;

  /* "01" == 0 mandatory args, 1 (try_to_connect) is optional */
  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &try_to_connect_param);
  grpc_try_to_connect = RTEST(try_to_connect_param) ? 1 : 0;

  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
  ch = wrapper->wrapped;
  if (ch == NULL) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "closed!");
    return Qnil;
  }
  return LONG2NUM(grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(wrapper->wrapped,
                                                        grpc_try_to_connect));
}

typedef struct watch_state_stack {
  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper;
  gpr_timespec deadline;
  int last_state;
} watch_state_stack;

static void *watch_channel_state_without_gvl(void *arg) {
  watch_state_stack *stack = (watch_state_stack *)arg;
  gpr_timespec deadline = stack->deadline;
  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = stack->wrapper;
  int last_state = stack->last_state;
  void *return_value = (void *)0;

  gpr_mu_lock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
  while (wrapper->current_connectivity_state == last_state &&
         !wrapper->request_safe_destroy && !wrapper->safe_to_destroy &&
         !wrapper->abort_watch_connectivity_state &&
         gpr_time_cmp(deadline, gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)) > 0) {
    gpr_cv_wait(&wrapper->channel_cv, &wrapper->channel_mu, deadline);
  }
  if (wrapper->current_connectivity_state != last_state) {
    return_value = (void *)1;
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&wrapper->channel_mu);

  return return_value;
}

static void watch_channel_state_unblocking_func(void *arg) {
  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = (grpc_rb_channel *)arg;
  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: watch channel state unblocking func called");
  gpr_mu_lock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
  wrapper->abort_watch_connectivity_state = 1;
  gpr_cv_broadcast(&wrapper->channel_cv);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
}

/* Wait until the channel's connectivity state becomes different from
 * "last_state", or "deadline" expires.
 * Returns true if the the channel's connectivity state becomes
 * different from "last_state" within "deadline".
 * Returns false if "deadline" expires before the channel's connectivity
 * state changes from "last_state".
 * */
static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_watch_connectivity_state(VALUE self,
                                                      VALUE last_state,
                                                      VALUE deadline) {
  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = NULL;
  watch_state_stack stack;
  void *out;

  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);

  if (wrapper->wrapped == NULL) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "closed!");
    return Qnil;
  }

  if (!FIXNUM_P(last_state)) {
    rb_raise(
        rb_eTypeError,
        "bad type for last_state. want a GRPC::Core::ChannelState constant");
    return Qnil;
  }

  stack.wrapper = wrapper;
  stack.deadline = grpc_rb_time_timeval(deadline, 0);
  stack.last_state = NUM2LONG(last_state);
  out =
      rb_thread_call_without_gvl(watch_channel_state_without_gvl, &stack,
                                 watch_channel_state_unblocking_func, wrapper);
  if (out) {
    return Qtrue;
  }
  return Qfalse;
}

/* Create a call given a grpc_channel, in order to call method. The request
   is not sent until grpc_call_invoke is called. */
static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_create_call(VALUE self, VALUE parent, VALUE mask,
                                         VALUE method, VALUE host,
                                         VALUE deadline) {
  VALUE res = Qnil;
  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = NULL;
  grpc_call *call = NULL;
  grpc_call *parent_call = NULL;
  grpc_channel *ch = NULL;
  grpc_completion_queue *cq = NULL;
  int flags = GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS;
  grpc_slice method_slice;
  grpc_slice host_slice;
  grpc_slice *host_slice_ptr = NULL;
  char *tmp_str = NULL;

  if (host != Qnil) {
    host_slice =
        grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(host), RSTRING_LEN(host));
    host_slice_ptr = &host_slice;
  }
  if (mask != Qnil) {
    flags = NUM2UINT(mask);
  }
  if (parent != Qnil) {
    parent_call = grpc_rb_get_wrapped_call(parent);
  }

  cq = grpc_completion_queue_create_for_pluck(NULL);
  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
  ch = wrapper->wrapped;
  if (ch == NULL) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "closed!");
    return Qnil;
  }

  method_slice =
      grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(method), RSTRING_LEN(method));

  call = grpc_channel_create_call(ch, parent_call, flags, cq, method_slice,
                                  host_slice_ptr,
                                  grpc_rb_time_timeval(deadline,
                                                       /* absolute time */ 0),
                                  NULL);

  if (call == NULL) {
    tmp_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(method_slice);
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "cannot create call with method %s", tmp_str);
    return Qnil;
  }

  grpc_slice_unref(method_slice);
  if (host_slice_ptr != NULL) {
    grpc_slice_unref(host_slice);
  }

  res = grpc_rb_wrap_call(call, cq);

  /* Make this channel an instance attribute of the call so that it is not GCed
   * before the call. */
  rb_ivar_set(res, id_channel, self);
  return res;
}

/* Closes the channel, calling it's destroy method */
static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_destroy(VALUE self) {
  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = NULL;
  grpc_channel *ch = NULL;

  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
  ch = wrapper->wrapped;
  if (ch != NULL) {
    grpc_rb_channel_safe_destroy(wrapper);
    wrapper->wrapped = NULL;
  }

  return Qnil;
}

/* Called to obtain the target that this channel accesses. */
static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_get_target(VALUE self) {
  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = NULL;
  VALUE res = Qnil;
  char *target = NULL;

  TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
  target = grpc_channel_get_target(wrapper->wrapped);
  res = rb_str_new2(target);
  gpr_free(target);

  return res;
}

// Either start polling channel connection state or signal that it's free to
// destroy.
// Not safe to call while a channel's connection state is polled.
static void grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(
    grpc_rb_channel *wrapper) {
  grpc_connectivity_state conn_state;
  gpr_timespec sleep_time = gpr_time_add(
      gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), gpr_time_from_millis(20, GPR_TIMESPAN));

  GPR_ASSERT(wrapper);
  GPR_ASSERT(wrapper->wrapped);
  gpr_mu_lock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
  if (wrapper->request_safe_destroy) {
    wrapper->safe_to_destroy = 1;
    gpr_cv_broadcast(&wrapper->channel_cv);
    gpr_mu_unlock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
    return;
  }
  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);

  GPR_ASSERT(channel_polling_thread_started || abort_channel_polling);
  conn_state = grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(wrapper->wrapped, 0);
  if (conn_state != wrapper->current_connectivity_state) {
    wrapper->current_connectivity_state = conn_state;
    gpr_cv_broadcast(&wrapper->channel_cv);
  }
  // avoid posting work to the channel polling cq if it's been shutdown
  if (!abort_channel_polling && conn_state != GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN) {
    grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state(
        wrapper->wrapped, conn_state, sleep_time, channel_polling_cq, wrapper);
  } else {
    wrapper->safe_to_destroy = 1;
    gpr_cv_broadcast(&wrapper->channel_cv);
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
}

// Note requires wrapper->wrapped, wrapper->channel_mu/cv initialized
static void grpc_rb_channel_safe_destroy(grpc_rb_channel *wrapper) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
  wrapper->request_safe_destroy = 1;

  while (!wrapper->safe_to_destroy) {
    gpr_cv_wait(&wrapper->channel_cv, &wrapper->channel_mu,
                gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME));
  }
  GPR_ASSERT(wrapper->safe_to_destroy);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&wrapper->channel_mu);

  grpc_channel_destroy(wrapper->wrapped);
}

// Note this loop breaks out with a single call of
// "run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil".
// This assumes that a ruby call the unblocking func
// indicates process shutdown.
// In the worst case, this stops polling channel connectivity
// early and falls back to current behavior.
static void *run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil(void *arg) {
  grpc_event event;
  (void)arg;
  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil - begin");

  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
  GPR_ASSERT(!channel_polling_thread_started);
  channel_polling_thread_started = 1;
  gpr_cv_broadcast(&global_connection_polling_cv);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);

  for (;;) {
    event = grpc_completion_queue_next(
        channel_polling_cq, gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), NULL);
    if (event.type == GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN) {
      break;
    }
    if (event.type == GRPC_OP_COMPLETE) {
      grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(
          (grpc_rb_channel *)event.tag);
    }
  }
  grpc_completion_queue_destroy(channel_polling_cq);
  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
          "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil - exit connection polling "
          "loop");
  return NULL;
}

// Notify the channel polling loop to cleanup and shutdown.
static void run_poll_channels_loop_unblocking_func(void *arg) {
  (void)arg;
  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
          "GRPC_RUBY: grpc_rb_event_unblocking_func - begin aborting "
          "connection polling");
  abort_channel_polling = 1;
  grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(channel_polling_cq);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
}

// Poll channel connectivity states in background thread without the GIL.
static VALUE run_poll_channels_loop(VALUE arg) {
  (void)arg;
  gpr_log(
      GPR_DEBUG,
      "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop - create connection polling thread");
  rb_thread_call_without_gvl(run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil, NULL,
                             run_poll_channels_loop_unblocking_func, NULL);

  return Qnil;
}

static void *wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_no_gil(void *arg) {
  (void)arg;
  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: wait for channel polling thread to start");
  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
  while (!channel_polling_thread_started && !abort_channel_polling) {
    gpr_cv_wait(&global_connection_polling_cv, &global_connection_polling_mu,
                gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME));
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);

  return NULL;
}

static void wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_unblocking_func(
    void *arg) {
  (void)arg;
  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
          "GRPC_RUBY: "
          "wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_unblocking_func - begin "
          "aborting connection polling");
  abort_channel_polling = 1;
  gpr_cv_broadcast(&global_connection_polling_cv);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
}

/* Temporary fix for
 * https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/google-cloud-ruby/issues/899.
 * Transports in idle channels can get destroyed. Normally c-core re-connects,
 * but in grpc-ruby core never gets a thread until an RPC is made, because ruby
 * only calls c-core's "completion_queu_pluck" API.
 * This uses a global background thread that calls
 * "completion_queue_next" on registered "watch_channel_connectivity_state"
 * calls - so that c-core can reconnect if needed, when there aren't any RPC's.
 * TODO(apolcyn) remove this when core handles new RPCs on dead connections.
 */
void grpc_rb_channel_polling_thread_start() {
  VALUE background_thread = Qnil;

  GPR_ASSERT(!abort_channel_polling);
  GPR_ASSERT(!channel_polling_thread_started);
  GPR_ASSERT(channel_polling_cq == NULL);

  gpr_mu_init(&global_connection_polling_mu);
  gpr_cv_init(&global_connection_polling_cv);

  channel_polling_cq = grpc_completion_queue_create_for_next(NULL);
  background_thread = rb_thread_create(run_poll_channels_loop, NULL);

  if (!RTEST(background_thread)) {
    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: failed to spawn channel polling thread");
    gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
    abort_channel_polling = 1;
    gpr_cv_broadcast(&global_connection_polling_cv);
    gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
  }
}

static void Init_grpc_propagate_masks() {
  /* Constants representing call propagation masks in grpc.h */
  VALUE grpc_rb_mPropagateMasks =
      rb_define_module_under(grpc_rb_mGrpcCore, "PropagateMasks");
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mPropagateMasks, "DEADLINE",
                  UINT2NUM(GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEADLINE));
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mPropagateMasks, "CENSUS_STATS_CONTEXT",
                  UINT2NUM(GRPC_PROPAGATE_CENSUS_STATS_CONTEXT));
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mPropagateMasks, "CENSUS_TRACING_CONTEXT",
                  UINT2NUM(GRPC_PROPAGATE_CENSUS_TRACING_CONTEXT));
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mPropagateMasks, "CANCELLATION",
                  UINT2NUM(GRPC_PROPAGATE_CANCELLATION));
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mPropagateMasks, "DEFAULTS",
                  UINT2NUM(GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS));
}

static void Init_grpc_connectivity_states() {
  /* Constants representing call propagation masks in grpc.h */
  VALUE grpc_rb_mConnectivityStates =
      rb_define_module_under(grpc_rb_mGrpcCore, "ConnectivityStates");
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mConnectivityStates, "IDLE",
                  LONG2NUM(GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE));
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mConnectivityStates, "CONNECTING",
                  LONG2NUM(GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING));
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mConnectivityStates, "READY",
                  LONG2NUM(GRPC_CHANNEL_READY));
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mConnectivityStates, "TRANSIENT_FAILURE",
                  LONG2NUM(GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE));
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mConnectivityStates, "FATAL_FAILURE",
                  LONG2NUM(GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN));
}

void Init_grpc_channel() {
  grpc_rb_cChannelArgs = rb_define_class("TmpChannelArgs", rb_cObject);
  grpc_rb_cChannel =
      rb_define_class_under(grpc_rb_mGrpcCore, "Channel", rb_cObject);

  /* Allocates an object managed by the ruby runtime */
  rb_define_alloc_func(grpc_rb_cChannel, grpc_rb_channel_alloc);

  /* Provides a ruby constructor and support for dup/clone. */
  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "initialize", grpc_rb_channel_init, -1);
  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "initialize_copy",
                   grpc_rb_cannot_init_copy, 1);

  /* Add ruby analogues of the Channel methods. */
  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "connectivity_state",
                   grpc_rb_channel_get_connectivity_state, -1);
  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "watch_connectivity_state",
                   grpc_rb_channel_watch_connectivity_state, 2);
  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "create_call", grpc_rb_channel_create_call,
                   5);
  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "target", grpc_rb_channel_get_target, 0);
  rb_define_method(grpc_rb_cChannel, "destroy", grpc_rb_channel_destroy, 0);
  rb_define_alias(grpc_rb_cChannel, "close", "destroy");

  id_channel = rb_intern("__channel");
  id_target = rb_intern("__target");
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_cChannel, "SSL_TARGET",
                  ID2SYM(rb_intern(GRPC_SSL_TARGET_NAME_OVERRIDE_ARG)));
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_cChannel, "ENABLE_CENSUS",
                  ID2SYM(rb_intern(GRPC_ARG_ENABLE_CENSUS)));
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_cChannel, "MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS",
                  ID2SYM(rb_intern(GRPC_ARG_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS)));
  rb_define_const(grpc_rb_cChannel, "MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH",
                  ID2SYM(rb_intern(GRPC_ARG_MAX_RECEIVE_MESSAGE_LENGTH)));
  id_insecure_channel = rb_intern("this_channel_is_insecure");
  Init_grpc_propagate_masks();
  Init_grpc_connectivity_states();
}

/* Gets the wrapped channel from the ruby wrapper */
grpc_channel *grpc_rb_get_wrapped_channel(VALUE v) {
  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = NULL;
  TypedData_Get_Struct(v, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
  return wrapper->wrapped;
}