149 files changed, 2470 insertions, 3238 deletions

diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/.gitignore b/src/python/grpcio/.gitignore
index 4c02b8d14d..95b96f7c1e 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/.gitignore
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/.gitignore
@@ -5,5 +5,12 @@ dist/
 *.egg
 *.egg/
 *.eggs/
+*_pb2.py
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+.cache/
+.tox/
+nosetests.xml
 doc/
 _grpcio_metadata.py
+htmlcov/
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/MANIFEST.in b/src/python/grpcio/MANIFEST.in
index 9583dc7768..407eeabc17 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/MANIFEST.in
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 graft grpc
+graft tests
 include commands.py
 include requirements.txt
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/commands.py b/src/python/grpcio/commands.py
index 8a2f2d6283..d9fd023b21 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/commands.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/commands.py
@@ -29,14 +29,18 @@
 
 """Provides distutils command classes for the GRPC Python setup process."""
 
+import distutils
 import os
 import os.path
+import re
+import subprocess
 import sys
 
 import setuptools
 from setuptools.command import build_py
+from setuptools.command import test
 
-_CONF_PY_ADDENDUM = """
+CONF_PY_ADDENDUM = """
 extensions.append('sphinx.ext.napoleon')
 napoleon_google_docstring = True
 napoleon_numpy_docstring = True
@@ -48,7 +52,7 @@ html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
 class SphinxDocumentation(setuptools.Command):
   """Command to generate documentation via sphinx."""
 
-  description = ''
+  description = 'generate sphinx documentation'
   user_options = []
 
   def initialize_options(self):
@@ -72,14 +76,61 @@ class SphinxDocumentation(setuptools.Command):
         '-o', os.path.join('doc', 'src'), src_dir])
     conf_filepath = os.path.join('doc', 'src', 'conf.py')
     with open(conf_filepath, 'a') as conf_file:
-      conf_file.write(_CONF_PY_ADDENDUM)
+      conf_file.write(CONF_PY_ADDENDUM)
     sphinx.main(['', os.path.join('doc', 'src'), os.path.join('doc', 'build')])
 
 
+class BuildProtoModules(setuptools.Command):
+  """Command to generate project *_pb2.py modules from proto files."""
+
+  description = 'build protobuf modules'
+  user_options = [
+    ('include=', None, 'path patterns to include in protobuf generation'),
+    ('exclude=', None, 'path patterns to exclude from protobuf generation')
+  ]
+
+  def initialize_options(self):
+    self.exclude = None
+    self.include = r'.*\.proto$'
+    self.protoc_command = None
+    self.grpc_python_plugin_command = None
+
+  def finalize_options(self):
+    self.protoc_command = distutils.spawn.find_executable('protoc')
+    self.grpc_python_plugin_command = distutils.spawn.find_executable(
+        'grpc_python_plugin')
+
+  def run(self):
+    include_regex = re.compile(self.include)
+    exclude_regex = re.compile(self.exclude) if self.exclude else None
+    paths = []
+    root_directory = os.getcwd()
+    for walk_root, directories, filenames in os.walk(root_directory):
+      for filename in filenames:
+        path = os.path.join(walk_root, filename)
+        if include_regex.match(path) and not (
+            exclude_regex and exclude_regex.match(path)):
+          paths.append(path)
+    command = [
+        self.protoc_command,
+        '--plugin=protoc-gen-python-grpc={}'.format(
+            self.grpc_python_plugin_command),
+        '-I {}'.format(root_directory),
+        '--python_out={}'.format(root_directory),
+        '--python-grpc_out={}'.format(root_directory),
+    ] + paths
+    try:
+      subprocess.check_output(' '.join(command), cwd=root_directory, shell=True,
+                              stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+      raise Exception('Command:\n{}\nMessage:\n{}\nOutput:\n{}'.format(
+          command, e.message, e.output))
+
+
 class BuildProjectMetadata(setuptools.Command):
   """Command to generate project metadata in a module."""
 
-  description = ''
+  description = 'build grpcio project metadata files'
   user_options = []
 
   def initialize_options(self):
@@ -98,5 +149,73 @@ class BuildPy(build_py.build_py):
   """Custom project build command."""
 
   def run(self):
+    self.run_command('build_proto_modules')
     self.run_command('build_project_metadata')
     build_py.build_py.run(self)
+
+
+class Gather(setuptools.Command):
+  """Command to gather project dependencies."""
+
+  description = 'gather dependencies for grpcio'
+  user_options = [
+    ('test', 't', 'flag indicating to gather test dependencies'),
+    ('install', 'i', 'flag indicating to gather install dependencies')
+  ]
+
+  def initialize_options(self):
+    self.test = False
+    self.install = False
+
+  def finalize_options(self):
+    # distutils requires this override.
+    pass
+
+  def run(self):
+    if self.install and self.distribution.install_requires:
+      self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.install_requires)
+    if self.test and self.distribution.tests_require:
+      self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.tests_require)
+
+
+class RunInterop(test.test):
+
+  description = 'run interop test client/server'
+  user_options = [
+    ('args=', 'a', 'pass-thru arguments for the client/server'),
+    ('client', 'c', 'flag indicating to run the client'),
+    ('server', 's', 'flag indicating to run the server')
+  ]
+
+  def initialize_options(self):
+    self.args = ''
+    self.client = False
+    self.server = False
+
+  def finalize_options(self):
+    if self.client and self.server:
+      raise DistutilsOptionError('you may only specify one of client or server')
+
+  def run(self):
+    if self.distribution.install_requires:
+      self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.install_requires)
+    if self.distribution.tests_require:
+      self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.tests_require)
+    if self.client:
+      self.run_client()
+    elif self.server:
+      self.run_server()
+
+  def run_server(self):
+    # We import here to ensure that our setuptools parent has had a chance to
+    # edit the Python system path.
+    from tests.interop import server
+    sys.argv[1:] = self.args.split()
+    server.serve()
+
+  def run_client(self):
+    # We import here to ensure that our setuptools parent has had a chance to
+    # edit the Python system path.
+    from tests.interop import client
+    sys.argv[1:] = self.args.split()
+    client.test_interoperability()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/module.c b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/module.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b93b051f6..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/module.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
- * met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
- * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
- * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
- * this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- */
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-
-#include "grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h"
-
-static PyMethodDef c_methods[] = {
-    {NULL}
-};
-
-PyMODINIT_FUNC init_c(void) {
-  PyObject *module;
-
-  module = Py_InitModule3("_c", c_methods,
-                          "Wrappings of C structures and functions.");
-
-  if (pygrpc_module_add_types(module) < 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (PyModule_AddStringConstant(
-          module, "PRIMARY_USER_AGENT_KEY",
-          GRPC_ARG_PRIMARY_USER_AGENT_STRING) < 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  /* GRPC maintains an internal counter of how many times it has been
-     initialized and handles multiple pairs of grpc_init()/grpc_shutdown()
-     invocations accordingly. */
-  grpc_init();
-  atexit(&grpc_shutdown);
-}
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types.c b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 8dedf5902b..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
- * met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
- * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
- * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
- * this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- */
-
-#include "grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h"
-
-#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-
-int pygrpc_module_add_types(PyObject *module) {
-  int i;
-  PyTypeObject *types[] = {
-      &pygrpc_CallCredentials_type,
-      &pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_type,
-      &pygrpc_ServerCredentials_type,
-      &pygrpc_CompletionQueue_type,
-      &pygrpc_Call_type,
-      &pygrpc_Channel_type,
-      &pygrpc_Server_type
-  };
-  for (i = 0; i < sizeof(types)/sizeof(PyTypeObject *); ++i) {
-    if (PyType_Ready(types[i]) < 0) {
-      return -1;
-    }
-  }
-  for (i = 0; i < sizeof(types)/sizeof(PyTypeObject *); ++i) {
-    Py_INCREF(types[i]);
-    PyModule_AddObject(module, types[i]->tp_name, (PyObject *)types[i]);
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ab415d216..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,286 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
- * met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
- * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
- * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
- * this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- */
-
-#ifndef GRPC__ADAPTER__C_TYPES_H_
-#define GRPC__ADAPTER__C_TYPES_H_
-
-#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
-
-
-/*=========================*/
-/* Client-side credentials */
-/*=========================*/
-
-typedef struct ChannelCredentials {
-  PyObject_HEAD
-  grpc_channel_credentials *c_creds;
-} ChannelCredentials;
-void pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_dealloc(ChannelCredentials *self);
-ChannelCredentials *pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_google_default(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *ignored);
-ChannelCredentials *pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_ssl(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-ChannelCredentials *pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_composite(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-extern PyTypeObject pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_type;
-
-typedef struct CallCredentials {
-  PyObject_HEAD
-  grpc_call_credentials *c_creds;
-} CallCredentials;
-void pygrpc_CallCredentials_dealloc(CallCredentials *self);
-CallCredentials *pygrpc_CallCredentials_composite(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-CallCredentials *pygrpc_CallCredentials_compute_engine(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *ignored);
-CallCredentials *pygrpc_CallCredentials_jwt(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-CallCredentials *pygrpc_CallCredentials_refresh_token(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-CallCredentials *pygrpc_CallCredentials_iam(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-extern PyTypeObject pygrpc_CallCredentials_type;
-
-/*=========================*/
-/* Server-side credentials */
-/*=========================*/
-
-typedef struct ServerCredentials {
-  PyObject_HEAD
-  grpc_server_credentials *c_creds;
-} ServerCredentials;
-void pygrpc_ServerCredentials_dealloc(ServerCredentials *self);
-ServerCredentials *pygrpc_ServerCredentials_ssl(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-extern PyTypeObject pygrpc_ServerCredentials_type;
-
-
-/*==================*/
-/* Completion queue */
-/*==================*/
-
-typedef struct CompletionQueue {
-  PyObject_HEAD
-  grpc_completion_queue *c_cq;
-} CompletionQueue;
-CompletionQueue *pygrpc_CompletionQueue_new(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-void pygrpc_CompletionQueue_dealloc(CompletionQueue *self);
-PyObject *pygrpc_CompletionQueue_next(
-    CompletionQueue *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-PyObject *pygrpc_CompletionQueue_shutdown(
-    CompletionQueue *self, PyObject *ignored);
-extern PyTypeObject pygrpc_CompletionQueue_type;
-
-
-/*======*/
-/* Call */
-/*======*/
-
-typedef struct Call {
-  PyObject_HEAD
-  grpc_call *c_call;
-  CompletionQueue *cq;
-} Call;
-Call *pygrpc_Call_new_empty(CompletionQueue *cq);
-void pygrpc_Call_dealloc(Call *self);
-PyObject *pygrpc_Call_start_batch(Call *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-PyObject *pygrpc_Call_cancel(Call *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-PyObject *pygrpc_Call_peer(Call *self);
-PyObject *pygrpc_Call_set_credentials(Call *self, PyObject *args,
-                                      PyObject *kwargs);
-extern PyTypeObject pygrpc_Call_type;
-
-
-/*=========*/
-/* Channel */
-/*=========*/
-
-typedef struct Channel {
-  PyObject_HEAD
-  grpc_channel *c_chan;
-} Channel;
-Channel *pygrpc_Channel_new(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-void pygrpc_Channel_dealloc(Channel *self);
-Call *pygrpc_Channel_create_call(
-    Channel *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-PyObject *pygrpc_Channel_check_connectivity_state(Channel *self, PyObject *args,
-                                                  PyObject *kwargs);
-PyObject *pygrpc_Channel_watch_connectivity_state(Channel *self, PyObject *args,
-                                                  PyObject *kwargs);
-PyObject *pygrpc_Channel_target(Channel *self);
-extern PyTypeObject pygrpc_Channel_type;
-
-
-/*========*/
-/* Server */
-/*========*/
-
-typedef struct Server {
-  PyObject_HEAD
-  grpc_server *c_serv;
-  CompletionQueue *cq;
-  int shutdown_called;
-} Server;
-Server *pygrpc_Server_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-void pygrpc_Server_dealloc(Server *self);
-PyObject *pygrpc_Server_request_call(
-    Server *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-PyObject *pygrpc_Server_add_http2_port(
-    Server *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-PyObject *pygrpc_Server_start(Server *self, PyObject *ignored);
-PyObject *pygrpc_Server_shutdown(
-    Server *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs);
-PyObject *pygrpc_Server_cancel_all_calls(Server *self, PyObject *unused);
-extern PyTypeObject pygrpc_Server_type;
-
-/*=========*/
-/* Utility */
-/*=========*/
-
-/* Every tag that passes from Python GRPC to GRPC core is of this type. */
-typedef struct pygrpc_tag {
-  PyObject *user_tag;
-  Call *call;
-  grpc_call_details request_call_details;
-  grpc_metadata_array request_metadata;
-  grpc_op *ops;
-  size_t nops;
-  int is_new_call;
-} pygrpc_tag;
-
-/* Construct a tag associated with a batch call. Does not take ownership of the
-   resources in the elements of ops. */
-pygrpc_tag *pygrpc_produce_batch_tag(PyObject *user_tag, Call *call,
-                                     grpc_op *ops, size_t nops);
-
-
-/* Construct a tag associated with a server request. The calling code should
-   use the appropriate fields of the produced tag in the invocation of
-   grpc_server_request_call. */
-pygrpc_tag *pygrpc_produce_request_tag(PyObject *user_tag, Call *empty_call);
-
-/* Construct a tag associated with a server shutdown. */
-pygrpc_tag *pygrpc_produce_server_shutdown_tag(PyObject *user_tag);
-
-/* Construct a tag associated with a channel state change. */
-pygrpc_tag *pygrpc_produce_channel_state_change_tag(PyObject *user_tag);
-
-/* Frees all resources owned by the tag and the tag itself. */
-void pygrpc_discard_tag(pygrpc_tag *tag);
-
-/* Consumes an event and its associated tag, providing a Python tuple of the
-   form `(type, tag, call, call_details, results)` (where type is an integer
-   corresponding to a grpc_completion_type, tag is an arbitrary PyObject, call
-   is the call object associated with the event [if any], call_details is a
-   tuple of form `(method, host, deadline)` [if such details are available],
-   and resultd is a list of tuples of form `(type, metadata, message, status,
-   cancelled)` [where type corresponds to a grpc_op_type, metadata is a
-   sequence of 2-sequences of strings, message is a byte string, and status is
-   a 2-tuple of an integer corresponding to grpc_status_code and a string of
-   status details]).
-
-   Frees all resources associated with the event tag. */
-PyObject *pygrpc_consume_event(grpc_event event);
-
-/* Transliterate the Python tuple of form `(type, metadata, message,
-   status)` (where type is an integer corresponding to a grpc_op_type, metadata
-   is a sequence of 2-sequences of strings, message is a byte string, and
-   status is 2-tuple of an integer corresponding to grpc_status_code and a
-   string of status details) to a grpc_op suitable for use in a
-   grpc_call_start_batch invocation. The grpc_op is a 'directory' of resources
-   that must be freed after GRPC core is done with them.
-
-   Calls gpr_malloc (or the appropriate type-specific grpc_*_create function)
-   to populate the appropriate union-discriminated members of the op.
-
-   Returns true on success, false on failure. */
-int pygrpc_produce_op(PyObject *op, grpc_op *result);
-
-/* Discards all resources associated with the passed in op that was produced by
-   pygrpc_produce_op. */
-void pygrpc_discard_op(grpc_op op);
-
-/* Transliterate the grpc_ops (which have been sent through a
-   grpc_call_start_batch invocation and whose corresponding event has appeared
-   on a completion queue) to a Python tuple of form `(type, metadata, message,
-   status, cancelled)` (where type is an integer corresponding to a
-   grpc_op_type, metadata is a sequence of 2-sequences of strings, message is a
-   byte string, and status is 2-tuple of an integer corresponding to
-   grpc_status_code and a string of status details).
-
-   Calls gpr_free (or the appropriate type-specific grpc_*_destroy function) on
-   the appropriate union-discriminated populated members of the ops. */
-PyObject *pygrpc_consume_ops(grpc_op *op, size_t nops);
-
-/* Transliterate from a gpr_timespec to a double (in units of seconds, either
-   from the epoch if interpreted absolutely or as a delta otherwise). */
-double pygrpc_cast_gpr_timespec_to_double(gpr_timespec timespec);
-
-/* Transliterate from a double (in units of seconds from the epoch if
-   interpreted absolutely or as a delta otherwise) to a gpr_timespec. */
-gpr_timespec pygrpc_cast_double_to_gpr_timespec(double seconds);
-
-/* Returns true on success, false on failure. */
-int pygrpc_cast_pyseq_to_send_metadata(
-    PyObject *pyseq, grpc_metadata **metadata, size_t *count);
-/* Returns a metadata array as a Python object on success, else NULL. */
-PyObject *pygrpc_cast_metadata_array_to_pyseq(grpc_metadata_array metadata);
-
-/* Transliterate from a list of python channel arguments (2-tuples of string
-   and string|integer|None) to a grpc_channel_args object. The strings placed
-   in the grpc_channel_args object's grpc_arg elements are views of the Python
-   object. The Python object must live long enough for the grpc_channel_args
-   to be used. Arguments set to None are silently ignored. Returns true on
-   success, false on failure. */
-int pygrpc_produce_channel_args(PyObject *py_args, grpc_channel_args *c_args);
-void pygrpc_discard_channel_args(grpc_channel_args args);
-
-/* Read the bytes from grpc_byte_buffer to a gpr_malloc'd array of bytes;
-   output to result and result_size. */
-void pygrpc_byte_buffer_to_bytes(
-    grpc_byte_buffer *buffer, char **result, size_t *result_size);
-
-
-/*========*/
-/* Module */
-/*========*/
-
-/* Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
-int pygrpc_module_add_types(PyObject *module);
-
-#endif  /* GRPC__ADAPTER__C_TYPES_H_ */
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/call.c b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/call.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 04ec871880..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/call.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
- * met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
- * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
- * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
- * this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- */
-
-#include "grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h"
-
-#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
-
-
-PyMethodDef pygrpc_Call_methods[] = {
-    {"start_batch", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Call_start_batch, METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"cancel", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Call_cancel, METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"peer", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Call_peer, METH_NOARGS, ""},
-    {"set_credentials", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Call_set_credentials, METH_KEYWORDS,
-     ""},
-    {NULL}
-};
-const char pygrpc_Call_doc[] = "See grpc._adapter._types.Call.";
-PyTypeObject pygrpc_Call_type = {
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
-    0,                                        /* ob_size */
-    "Call",                                   /* tp_name */
-    sizeof(Call),                             /* tp_basicsize */
-    0,                                        /* tp_itemsize */
-    (destructor)pygrpc_Call_dealloc,          /* tp_dealloc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_print */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_compare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_repr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_number */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_sequence */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_mapping */
-    0,                                        /* tp_hash */
-    0,                                        /* tp_call */
-    0,                                        /* tp_str */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_buffer */
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
-    pygrpc_Call_doc,                          /* tp_doc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_traverse */
-    0,                                        /* tp_clear */
-    0,                                        /* tp_richcompare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iter */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iternext */
-    pygrpc_Call_methods,                      /* tp_methods */
-    0,                                        /* tp_members */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_base */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dict */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_get */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_set */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dictoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_init */
-    0,                                        /* tp_alloc */
-    0                                         /* tp_new */
-};
-
-Call *pygrpc_Call_new_empty(CompletionQueue *cq) {
-  Call *call = (Call *)pygrpc_Call_type.tp_alloc(&pygrpc_Call_type, 0);
-  call->c_call = NULL;
-  call->cq = cq;
-  Py_XINCREF(call->cq);
-  return call;
-}
-void pygrpc_Call_dealloc(Call *self) {
-  if (self->c_call) {
-    grpc_call_destroy(self->c_call);
-  }
-  Py_XDECREF(self->cq);
-  self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
-}
-PyObject *pygrpc_Call_start_batch(Call *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  PyObject *op_list;
-  PyObject *user_tag;
-  grpc_op *ops;
-  size_t nops;
-  size_t i;
-  size_t j;
-  pygrpc_tag *tag;
-  grpc_call_error errcode;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"ops", "tag", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "OO:start_batch", keywords,
-                                   &op_list, &user_tag)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  if (!PyList_Check(op_list)) {
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected a list of OpArgs");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  nops = PyList_Size(op_list);
-  ops = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_op) * nops);
-  for (i = 0; i < nops; ++i) {
-    PyObject *item = PyList_GET_ITEM(op_list, i);
-    if (!pygrpc_produce_op(item, &ops[i])) {
-      for (j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
-        pygrpc_discard_op(ops[j]);
-      }
-      return NULL;
-    }
-  }
-  tag = pygrpc_produce_batch_tag(user_tag, self, ops, nops);
-  errcode = grpc_call_start_batch(self->c_call, tag->ops, tag->nops, tag, NULL);
-  gpr_free(ops);
-  return PyInt_FromLong(errcode);
-}
-PyObject *pygrpc_Call_cancel(Call *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  PyObject *py_code = NULL;
-  grpc_call_error errcode;
-  int code;
-  char *details = NULL;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"code", "details", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "|Os:start_batch", keywords,
-                                   &py_code, &details)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  if (py_code != NULL && details != NULL) {
-    if (!PyInt_Check(py_code)) {
-      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected integer code");
-      return NULL;
-    }
-    code = PyInt_AsLong(py_code);
-    errcode = grpc_call_cancel_with_status(self->c_call, code, details, NULL);
-  } else if (py_code != NULL || details != NULL) {
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                    "if `code` is specified, so must `details`");
-    return NULL;
-  } else {
-    errcode = grpc_call_cancel(self->c_call, NULL);
-  }
-  return PyInt_FromLong(errcode);
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_Call_peer(Call *self) {
-  char *peer = grpc_call_get_peer(self->c_call);
-  PyObject *py_peer = PyString_FromString(peer);
-  gpr_free(peer);
-  return py_peer;
-}
-PyObject *pygrpc_Call_set_credentials(Call *self, PyObject *args,
-                                      PyObject *kwargs) {
-  CallCredentials *creds;
-  grpc_call_error errcode;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"creds", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(
-      args, kwargs, "O!:set_credentials", keywords,
-      &pygrpc_CallCredentials_type, &creds)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  errcode = grpc_call_set_credentials(self->c_call, creds->c_creds);
-  return PyInt_FromLong(errcode);
-}
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/call_credentials.c b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/call_credentials.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a15a6e17d..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/call_credentials.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
- * met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
- * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
- * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
- * this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- */
-
-#include "grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h"
-
-#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
-
-
-PyMethodDef pygrpc_CallCredentials_methods[] = {
-    {"composite", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_CallCredentials_composite,
-     METH_CLASS|METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"compute_engine", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_CallCredentials_compute_engine,
-     METH_CLASS|METH_NOARGS, ""},
-    {"jwt", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_CallCredentials_jwt,
-     METH_CLASS|METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"refresh_token", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_CallCredentials_refresh_token,
-     METH_CLASS|METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"iam", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_CallCredentials_iam,
-     METH_CLASS|METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {NULL}
-};
-
-const char pygrpc_CallCredentials_doc[] = "";
-PyTypeObject pygrpc_CallCredentials_type = {
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
-    0,                                        /* ob_size */
-    "CallCredentials",                        /* tp_name */
-    sizeof(CallCredentials),                  /* tp_basicsize */
-    0,                                        /* tp_itemsize */
-    (destructor)pygrpc_CallCredentials_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_print */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_compare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_repr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_number */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_sequence */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_mapping */
-    0,                                        /* tp_hash */
-    0,                                        /* tp_call */
-    0,                                        /* tp_str */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_buffer */
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
-    pygrpc_CallCredentials_doc,             /* tp_doc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_traverse */
-    0,                                        /* tp_clear */
-    0,                                        /* tp_richcompare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iter */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iternext */
-    pygrpc_CallCredentials_methods,         /* tp_methods */
-    0,                                        /* tp_members */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_base */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dict */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_get */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_set */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dictoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_init */
-    0,                                        /* tp_alloc */
-    0                                         /* tp_new */
-};
-
-void pygrpc_CallCredentials_dealloc(CallCredentials *self) {
-  grpc_call_credentials_release(self->c_creds);
-  self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
-}
-
-CallCredentials *pygrpc_CallCredentials_composite(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  CallCredentials *self;
-  CallCredentials *creds1;
-  CallCredentials *creds2;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"creds1", "creds2", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O!O!:composite", keywords,
-        &pygrpc_CallCredentials_type, &creds1,
-        &pygrpc_CallCredentials_type, &creds2)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  self = (CallCredentials *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-  self->c_creds =
-      grpc_composite_call_credentials_create(
-          creds1->c_creds, creds2->c_creds, NULL);
-  if (!self->c_creds) {
-    Py_DECREF(self);
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "couldn't create composite credentials");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  return self;
-}
-
-CallCredentials *pygrpc_CallCredentials_compute_engine(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *ignored) {
-  CallCredentials *self = (CallCredentials *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-  self->c_creds = grpc_google_compute_engine_credentials_create(NULL);
-  if (!self->c_creds) {
-    Py_DECREF(self);
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                    "couldn't create compute engine credentials");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  return self;
-}
-
-/* TODO: Rename this credentials to something like service_account_jwt_access */
-CallCredentials *pygrpc_CallCredentials_jwt(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  CallCredentials *self;
-  const char *json_key;
-  double lifetime;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"json_key", "token_lifetime", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "sd:jwt", keywords,
-        &json_key, &lifetime)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  self = (CallCredentials *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-  self->c_creds = grpc_service_account_jwt_access_credentials_create(
-      json_key, pygrpc_cast_double_to_gpr_timespec(lifetime), NULL);
-  if (!self->c_creds) {
-    Py_DECREF(self);
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "couldn't create JWT credentials");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  return self;
-}
-
-CallCredentials *pygrpc_CallCredentials_refresh_token(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  CallCredentials *self;
-  const char *json_refresh_token;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"json_refresh_token", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "s:refresh_token", keywords,
-        &json_refresh_token)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  self = (CallCredentials *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-  self->c_creds =
-      grpc_google_refresh_token_credentials_create(json_refresh_token, NULL);
-  if (!self->c_creds) {
-    Py_DECREF(self);
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                    "couldn't create credentials from refresh token");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  return self;
-}
-
-CallCredentials *pygrpc_CallCredentials_iam(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  CallCredentials *self;
-  const char *authorization_token;
-  const char *authority_selector;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"authorization_token", "authority_selector", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "ss:iam", keywords,
-        &authorization_token, &authority_selector)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  self = (CallCredentials *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-  self->c_creds = grpc_google_iam_credentials_create(authorization_token,
-                                                     authority_selector, NULL);
-  if (!self->c_creds) {
-    Py_DECREF(self);
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "couldn't create IAM credentials");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  return self;
-}
-
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/channel.c b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/channel.c
deleted file mode 100644
index c4db2a0dfd..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/channel.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,187 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
- * met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
- * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
- * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
- * this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- */
-
-#include "grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h"
-
-#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
-
-
-PyMethodDef pygrpc_Channel_methods[] = {
-    {"create_call", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Channel_create_call, METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"check_connectivity_state", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Channel_check_connectivity_state, METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"watch_connectivity_state", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Channel_watch_connectivity_state, METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"target", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Channel_target, METH_NOARGS, ""},
-    {NULL}
-};
-const char pygrpc_Channel_doc[] = "See grpc._adapter._types.Channel.";
-PyTypeObject pygrpc_Channel_type = {
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
-    0,                                        /* ob_size */
-    "Channel",                                /* tp_name */
-    sizeof(Channel),                          /* tp_basicsize */
-    0,                                        /* tp_itemsize */
-    (destructor)pygrpc_Channel_dealloc,       /* tp_dealloc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_print */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_compare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_repr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_number */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_sequence */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_mapping */
-    0,                                        /* tp_hash */
-    0,                                        /* tp_call */
-    0,                                        /* tp_str */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_buffer */
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
-    pygrpc_Channel_doc,                       /* tp_doc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_traverse */
-    0,                                        /* tp_clear */
-    0,                                        /* tp_richcompare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iter */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iternext */
-    pygrpc_Channel_methods,                   /* tp_methods */
-    0,                                        /* tp_members */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_base */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dict */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_get */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_set */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dictoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_init */
-    0,                                        /* tp_alloc */
-    (newfunc)pygrpc_Channel_new               /* tp_new */
-};
-
-Channel *pygrpc_Channel_new(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  Channel *self;
-  const char *target;
-  PyObject *py_args;
-  ChannelCredentials *creds = NULL;
-  grpc_channel_args c_args;
-  char *keywords[] = {"target", "args", "creds", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "sO|O!:Channel", keywords,
-        &target, &py_args, &pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_type, &creds)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  if (!pygrpc_produce_channel_args(py_args, &c_args)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  self = (Channel *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-  if (creds) {
-    self->c_chan =
-        grpc_secure_channel_create(creds->c_creds, target, &c_args, NULL);
-  } else {
-    self->c_chan = grpc_insecure_channel_create(target, &c_args, NULL);
-  }
-  pygrpc_discard_channel_args(c_args);
-  return self;
-}
-void pygrpc_Channel_dealloc(Channel *self) {
-  grpc_channel_destroy(self->c_chan);
-  self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
-}
-
-Call *pygrpc_Channel_create_call(
-    Channel *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  Call *call;
-  CompletionQueue *cq;
-  const char *method;
-  const char *host;
-  double deadline;
-  char *keywords[] = {"cq", "method", "host", "deadline", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O!szd:create_call", keywords,
-        &pygrpc_CompletionQueue_type, &cq, &method, &host, &deadline)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  call = pygrpc_Call_new_empty(cq);
-  call->c_call = grpc_channel_create_call(
-      self->c_chan, NULL, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS, cq->c_cq, method, host,
-      pygrpc_cast_double_to_gpr_timespec(deadline), NULL);
-  return call;
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_Channel_check_connectivity_state(
-    Channel *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  PyObject *py_try_to_connect;
-  int try_to_connect;
-  char *keywords[] = {"try_to_connect", NULL};
-  grpc_connectivity_state state;
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O:connectivity_state", keywords,
-                                   &py_try_to_connect)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  if (!PyBool_Check(py_try_to_connect)) {
-    Py_XDECREF(py_try_to_connect);
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  try_to_connect = Py_True == py_try_to_connect;
-  Py_DECREF(py_try_to_connect);
-  state = grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(self->c_chan, try_to_connect);
-  return PyInt_FromLong(state);
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_Channel_watch_connectivity_state(
-    Channel *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  PyObject *tag;
-  double deadline;
-  int last_observed_state;
-  CompletionQueue *completion_queue;
-  char *keywords[] = {"last_observed_state", "deadline",
-                      "completion_queue", "tag", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(
-      args, kwargs, "idO!O:watch_connectivity_state", keywords,
-      &last_observed_state, &deadline, &pygrpc_CompletionQueue_type,
-      &completion_queue, &tag)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state(
-      self->c_chan, (grpc_connectivity_state)last_observed_state,
-      pygrpc_cast_double_to_gpr_timespec(deadline), completion_queue->c_cq,
-      pygrpc_produce_channel_state_change_tag(tag));
-  Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_Channel_target(Channel *self) {
-  char *target = grpc_channel_get_target(self->c_chan);
-  PyObject *py_target = PyString_FromString(target);
-  gpr_free(target);
-  return py_target;
-}
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/channel_credentials.c b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/channel_credentials.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 83b1fc0406..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/channel_credentials.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
- * met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
- * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
- * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
- * this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- */
-
-#include "grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h"
-
-#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
-
-
-PyMethodDef pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_methods[] = {
-    {"google_default", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_google_default,
-     METH_CLASS|METH_NOARGS, ""},
-    {"ssl", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_ssl,
-     METH_CLASS|METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"composite", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_composite,
-     METH_CLASS|METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {NULL}
-};
-
-const char pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_doc[] = "";
-PyTypeObject pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_type = {
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
-    0,                                        /* ob_size */
-    "ChannelCredentials",                     /* tp_name */
-    sizeof(ChannelCredentials),               /* tp_basicsize */
-    0,                                        /* tp_itemsize */
-    (destructor)pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_print */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_compare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_repr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_number */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_sequence */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_mapping */
-    0,                                        /* tp_hash */
-    0,                                        /* tp_call */
-    0,                                        /* tp_str */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_buffer */
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
-    pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_doc,             /* tp_doc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_traverse */
-    0,                                        /* tp_clear */
-    0,                                        /* tp_richcompare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iter */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iternext */
-    pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_methods,         /* tp_methods */
-    0,                                        /* tp_members */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_base */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dict */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_get */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_set */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dictoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_init */
-    0,                                        /* tp_alloc */
-    0                                         /* tp_new */
-};
-
-void pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_dealloc(ChannelCredentials *self) {
-  grpc_channel_credentials_release(self->c_creds);
-  self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
-}
-
-ChannelCredentials *pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_google_default(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *ignored) {
-  ChannelCredentials *self = (ChannelCredentials *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-  self->c_creds = grpc_google_default_credentials_create();
-  if (!self->c_creds) {
-    Py_DECREF(self);
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
-                    "couldn't create Google default credentials");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  return self;
-}
-
-ChannelCredentials *pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_ssl(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  ChannelCredentials *self;
-  const char *root_certs;
-  const char *private_key = NULL;
-  const char *cert_chain = NULL;
-  grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair key_cert_pair;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"root_certs", "private_key", "cert_chain", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "z|zz:ssl", keywords,
-        &root_certs, &private_key, &cert_chain)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  self = (ChannelCredentials *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-  if (private_key && cert_chain) {
-    key_cert_pair.private_key = private_key;
-    key_cert_pair.cert_chain = cert_chain;
-    self->c_creds =
-        grpc_ssl_credentials_create(root_certs, &key_cert_pair, NULL);
-  } else {
-    self->c_creds = grpc_ssl_credentials_create(root_certs, NULL, NULL);
-  }
-  if (!self->c_creds) {
-    Py_DECREF(self);
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "couldn't create ssl credentials");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  return self;
-}
-
-ChannelCredentials *pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_composite(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  ChannelCredentials *self;
-  ChannelCredentials *creds1;
-  CallCredentials *creds2;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"creds1", "creds2", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O!O!:composite", keywords,
-        &pygrpc_ChannelCredentials_type, &creds1,
-        &pygrpc_CallCredentials_type, &creds2)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  self = (ChannelCredentials *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-  self->c_creds =
-      grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create(
-          creds1->c_creds, creds2->c_creds, NULL);
-  if (!self->c_creds) {
-    Py_DECREF(self);
-    PyErr_SetString(
-        PyExc_RuntimeError, "couldn't create composite credentials");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  return self;
-}
-
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/completion_queue.c b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/completion_queue.c
deleted file mode 100644
index d8bb89ca4b..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/completion_queue.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
- * met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
- * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
- * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
- * this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- */
-
-#include "grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h"
-
-#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-
-
-PyMethodDef pygrpc_CompletionQueue_methods[] = {
-    {"next", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_CompletionQueue_next, METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"shutdown", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_CompletionQueue_shutdown, METH_NOARGS, ""},
-    {NULL}
-};
-const char pygrpc_CompletionQueue_doc[] =
-    "See grpc._adapter._types.CompletionQueue.";
-PyTypeObject pygrpc_CompletionQueue_type = {
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
-    0,                                        /* ob_size */
-    "CompletionQueue",                        /* tp_name */
-    sizeof(CompletionQueue),                  /* tp_basicsize */
-    0,                                        /* tp_itemsize */
-    (destructor)pygrpc_CompletionQueue_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_print */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_compare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_repr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_number */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_sequence */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_mapping */
-    0,                                        /* tp_hash */
-    0,                                        /* tp_call */
-    0,                                        /* tp_str */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_buffer */
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
-    pygrpc_CompletionQueue_doc,               /* tp_doc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_traverse */
-    0,                                        /* tp_clear */
-    0,                                        /* tp_richcompare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iter */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iternext */
-    pygrpc_CompletionQueue_methods,           /* tp_methods */
-    0,                                        /* tp_members */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_base */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dict */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_get */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_set */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dictoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_init */
-    0,                                        /* tp_alloc */
-    (newfunc)pygrpc_CompletionQueue_new       /* tp_new */
-};
-
-CompletionQueue *pygrpc_CompletionQueue_new(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  CompletionQueue *self = (CompletionQueue *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-  self->c_cq = grpc_completion_queue_create(NULL);
-  return self;
-}
-
-void pygrpc_CompletionQueue_dealloc(CompletionQueue *self) {
-  grpc_completion_queue_destroy(self->c_cq);
-  self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_CompletionQueue_next(
-    CompletionQueue *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  double deadline;
-  grpc_event event;
-  PyObject *transliterated_event;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"deadline", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "d:next", keywords,
-                                   &deadline)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS;
-  event = grpc_completion_queue_next(
-      self->c_cq, pygrpc_cast_double_to_gpr_timespec(deadline), NULL);
-  Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS;
-  transliterated_event = pygrpc_consume_event(event);
-  return transliterated_event;
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_CompletionQueue_shutdown(
-    CompletionQueue *self, PyObject *ignored) {
-  grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(self->c_cq);
-  Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/server.c b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/server.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 8feab8aab1..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/server.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
- * met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
- * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
- * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
- * this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- */
-
-#include "grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h"
-
-#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-
-
-PyMethodDef pygrpc_Server_methods[] = {
-    {"request_call", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Server_request_call,
-     METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"add_http2_port", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Server_add_http2_port,
-     METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"start", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Server_start, METH_NOARGS, ""},
-    {"shutdown", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Server_shutdown, METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {"cancel_all_calls", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_Server_cancel_all_calls,
-     METH_NOARGS, ""},
-    {NULL}
-};
-const char pygrpc_Server_doc[] = "See grpc._adapter._types.Server.";
-PyTypeObject pygrpc_Server_type = {
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
-    0,                                        /* ob_size */
-    "Server",                                 /* tp_name */
-    sizeof(Server),                           /* tp_basicsize */
-    0,                                        /* tp_itemsize */
-    (destructor)pygrpc_Server_dealloc,        /* tp_dealloc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_print */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_compare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_repr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_number */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_sequence */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_mapping */
-    0,                                        /* tp_hash */
-    0,                                        /* tp_call */
-    0,                                        /* tp_str */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_buffer */
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
-    pygrpc_Server_doc,                        /* tp_doc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_traverse */
-    0,                                        /* tp_clear */
-    0,                                        /* tp_richcompare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iter */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iternext */
-    pygrpc_Server_methods,                    /* tp_methods */
-    0,                                        /* tp_members */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_base */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dict */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_get */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_set */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dictoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_init */
-    0,                                        /* tp_alloc */
-    (newfunc)pygrpc_Server_new                /* tp_new */
-};
-
-Server *pygrpc_Server_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  Server *self;
-  CompletionQueue *cq;
-  PyObject *py_args;
-  grpc_channel_args c_args;
-  char *keywords[] = {"cq", "args", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O!O:Server", keywords,
-        &pygrpc_CompletionQueue_type, &cq, &py_args)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  if (!pygrpc_produce_channel_args(py_args, &c_args)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  self = (Server *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-  self->c_serv = grpc_server_create(&c_args, NULL);
-  grpc_server_register_completion_queue(self->c_serv, cq->c_cq, NULL);
-  pygrpc_discard_channel_args(c_args);
-  self->cq = cq;
-  Py_INCREF(self->cq);
-  self->shutdown_called = 0;
-  return self;
-}
-
-void pygrpc_Server_dealloc(Server *self) {
-  grpc_server_destroy(self->c_serv);
-  Py_XDECREF(self->cq);
-  self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_Server_request_call(
-    Server *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  CompletionQueue *cq;
-  PyObject *user_tag;
-  pygrpc_tag *tag;
-  Call *empty_call;
-  grpc_call_error errcode;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"cq", "tag", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(
-      args, kwargs, "O!O", keywords,
-      &pygrpc_CompletionQueue_type, &cq, &user_tag)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  empty_call = pygrpc_Call_new_empty(cq);
-  tag = pygrpc_produce_request_tag(user_tag, empty_call);
-  errcode = grpc_server_request_call(
-      self->c_serv, &tag->call->c_call, &tag->request_call_details,
-      &tag->request_metadata, tag->call->cq->c_cq, self->cq->c_cq, tag);
-  Py_DECREF(empty_call);
-  return PyInt_FromLong(errcode);
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_Server_add_http2_port(
-    Server *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  const char *addr;
-  ServerCredentials *creds = NULL;
-  int port;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"addr", "creds", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(
-      args, kwargs, "s|O!:add_http2_port", keywords,
-      &addr, &pygrpc_ServerCredentials_type, &creds)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  if (creds) {
-    port = grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port(
-        self->c_serv, addr, creds->c_creds);
-  } else {
-    port = grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port(self->c_serv, addr);
-  }
-  return PyInt_FromLong(port);
-
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_Server_start(Server *self, PyObject *ignored) {
-  grpc_server_start(self->c_serv);
-  self->shutdown_called = 0;
-  Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_Server_shutdown(
-    Server *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  PyObject *user_tag;
-  pygrpc_tag *tag;
-  static char *keywords[] = {"tag", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "O", keywords, &user_tag)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  tag = pygrpc_produce_server_shutdown_tag(user_tag);
-  grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify(self->c_serv, self->cq->c_cq, tag);
-  self->shutdown_called = 1;
-  Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_Server_cancel_all_calls(Server *self, PyObject *unused) {
-  if (!self->shutdown_called) {
-    PyErr_SetString(
-        PyExc_RuntimeError,
-        "shutdown must have been called prior to calling cancel_all_calls!");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  grpc_server_cancel_all_calls(self->c_serv);
-  Py_RETURN_NONE;
-}
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/server_credentials.c b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/server_credentials.c
deleted file mode 100644
index df51a99b6a..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/types/server_credentials.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
- * met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
- * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
- * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
- * this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- */
-
-#include "grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h"
-
-#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
-#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
-
-
-PyMethodDef pygrpc_ServerCredentials_methods[] = {
-    {"ssl", (PyCFunction)pygrpc_ServerCredentials_ssl,
-     METH_CLASS|METH_KEYWORDS, ""},
-    {NULL}
-};
-const char pygrpc_ServerCredentials_doc[] = "";
-PyTypeObject pygrpc_ServerCredentials_type = {
-    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
-    0,                                        /* ob_size */
-    "ServerCredentials",                      /* tp_name */
-    sizeof(ServerCredentials),                /* tp_basicsize */
-    0,                                        /* tp_itemsize */
-    (destructor)pygrpc_ServerCredentials_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_print */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_compare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_repr */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_number */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_sequence */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_mapping */
-    0,                                        /* tp_hash */
-    0,                                        /* tp_call */
-    0,                                        /* tp_str */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_setattro */
-    0,                                        /* tp_as_buffer */
-    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /* tp_flags */
-    pygrpc_ServerCredentials_doc,             /* tp_doc */
-    0,                                        /* tp_traverse */
-    0,                                        /* tp_clear */
-    0,                                        /* tp_richcompare */
-    0,                                        /* tp_weaklistoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iter */
-    0,                                        /* tp_iternext */
-    pygrpc_ServerCredentials_methods,         /* tp_methods */
-    0,                                        /* tp_members */
-    0,                                        /* tp_getset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_base */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dict */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_get */
-    0,                                        /* tp_descr_set */
-    0,                                        /* tp_dictoffset */
-    0,                                        /* tp_init */
-    0,                                        /* tp_alloc */
-    0                                         /* tp_new */
-};
-
-void pygrpc_ServerCredentials_dealloc(ServerCredentials *self) {
-  grpc_server_credentials_release(self->c_creds);
-  self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject *)self);
-}
-
-ServerCredentials *pygrpc_ServerCredentials_ssl(
-    PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
-  ServerCredentials *self;
-  const char *root_certs;
-  PyObject *py_key_cert_pairs;
-  grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair *key_cert_pairs;
-  int force_client_auth;
-  size_t num_key_cert_pairs;
-  size_t i;
-  static char *keywords[] = {
-      "root_certs", "key_cert_pairs", "force_client_auth", NULL};
-  if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwargs, "zOi:ssl", keywords,
-	&root_certs, &py_key_cert_pairs, &force_client_auth)) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  if (!PyList_Check(py_key_cert_pairs)) {
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected a list of 2-tuples of strings");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  num_key_cert_pairs = PyList_Size(py_key_cert_pairs);
-  key_cert_pairs =
-      gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair) * num_key_cert_pairs);
-  for (i = 0; i < num_key_cert_pairs; ++i) {
-    PyObject *item = PyList_GET_ITEM(py_key_cert_pairs, i);
-    const char *key;
-    const char *cert;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(item, "zz", &key, &cert)) {
-      gpr_free(key_cert_pairs);
-      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                      "expected a list of 2-tuples of strings");
-      return NULL;
-    }
-    key_cert_pairs[i].private_key = key;
-    key_cert_pairs[i].cert_chain = cert;
-  }
-
-  self = (ServerCredentials *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
-  self->c_creds = grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create(
-      root_certs, key_cert_pairs, num_key_cert_pairs, force_client_auth, NULL);
-  gpr_free(key_cert_pairs);
-  return self;
-}
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/utility.c b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/utility.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 590f7e013a..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_c/utility.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,524 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
- * met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
- * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
- * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
- * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
- * this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- */
-
-#include <math.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-#include <Python.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/byte_buffer_reader.h>
-#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
-#include <grpc/support/slice.h>
-#include <grpc/support/time.h>
-#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
-
-#include "grpc/_adapter/_c/types.h"
-
-pygrpc_tag *pygrpc_produce_batch_tag(
-    PyObject *user_tag, Call *call, grpc_op *ops, size_t nops) {
-  pygrpc_tag *tag = gpr_malloc(sizeof(pygrpc_tag));
-  tag->user_tag = user_tag;
-  Py_XINCREF(tag->user_tag);
-  tag->call = call;
-  Py_XINCREF(tag->call);
-  tag->ops = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_op)*nops);
-  memcpy(tag->ops, ops, sizeof(grpc_op)*nops);
-  tag->nops = nops;
-  grpc_call_details_init(&tag->request_call_details);
-  grpc_metadata_array_init(&tag->request_metadata);
-  tag->is_new_call = 0;
-  return tag;
-}
-
-pygrpc_tag *pygrpc_produce_request_tag(PyObject *user_tag, Call *empty_call) {
-  pygrpc_tag *tag = gpr_malloc(sizeof(pygrpc_tag));
-  tag->user_tag = user_tag;
-  Py_XINCREF(tag->user_tag);
-  tag->call = empty_call;
-  Py_XINCREF(tag->call);
-  tag->ops = NULL;
-  tag->nops = 0;
-  grpc_call_details_init(&tag->request_call_details);
-  grpc_metadata_array_init(&tag->request_metadata);
-  tag->is_new_call = 1;
-  return tag;
-}
-
-pygrpc_tag *pygrpc_produce_server_shutdown_tag(PyObject *user_tag) {
-  pygrpc_tag *tag = gpr_malloc(sizeof(pygrpc_tag));
-  tag->user_tag = user_tag;
-  Py_XINCREF(tag->user_tag);
-  tag->call = NULL;
-  tag->ops = NULL;
-  tag->nops = 0;
-  grpc_call_details_init(&tag->request_call_details);
-  grpc_metadata_array_init(&tag->request_metadata);
-  tag->is_new_call = 0;
-  return tag;
-}
-
-pygrpc_tag *pygrpc_produce_channel_state_change_tag(PyObject *user_tag) {
-  pygrpc_tag *tag = gpr_malloc(sizeof(pygrpc_tag));
-  tag->user_tag = user_tag;
-  Py_XINCREF(tag->user_tag);
-  tag->call = NULL;
-  tag->ops = NULL;
-  tag->nops = 0;
-  grpc_call_details_init(&tag->request_call_details);
-  grpc_metadata_array_init(&tag->request_metadata);
-  tag->is_new_call = 0;
-  return tag;
-}
-
-void pygrpc_discard_tag(pygrpc_tag *tag) {
-  if (!tag) {
-    return;
-  }
-  Py_XDECREF(tag->user_tag);
-  Py_XDECREF(tag->call);
-  gpr_free(tag->ops);
-  grpc_call_details_destroy(&tag->request_call_details);
-  grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&tag->request_metadata);
-  gpr_free(tag);
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_consume_event(grpc_event event) {
-  pygrpc_tag *tag;
-  PyObject *result;
-  if (event.type == GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT) {
-    Py_RETURN_NONE;
-  }
-  tag = event.tag;
-  switch (event.type) {
-  case GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN:
-    result = Py_BuildValue("iOOOOO", GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN,
-                           Py_None, Py_None, Py_None, Py_None, Py_True);
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_COMPLETE:
-    if (tag->is_new_call) {
-      result = Py_BuildValue(
-          "iOO(ssd)[(iNOOOO)]O", GRPC_OP_COMPLETE, tag->user_tag, tag->call,
-          tag->request_call_details.method, tag->request_call_details.host,
-          pygrpc_cast_gpr_timespec_to_double(tag->request_call_details.deadline),
-          GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA,
-          pygrpc_cast_metadata_array_to_pyseq(tag->request_metadata), Py_None,
-          Py_None, Py_None, Py_None,
-          event.success ? Py_True : Py_False);
-    } else {
-      result = Py_BuildValue("iOOONO", GRPC_OP_COMPLETE, tag->user_tag,
-          tag->call ? (PyObject*)tag->call : Py_None, Py_None,
-          pygrpc_consume_ops(tag->ops, tag->nops),
-          event.success ? Py_True : Py_False);
-    }
-    break;
-  default:
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
-                    "unknown completion type; could not translate event");
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  pygrpc_discard_tag(tag);
-  return result;
-}
-
-int pygrpc_produce_op(PyObject *op, grpc_op *result) {
-  static const int OP_TUPLE_SIZE = 6;
-  static const int STATUS_TUPLE_SIZE = 2;
-  static const int TYPE_INDEX = 0;
-  static const int INITIAL_METADATA_INDEX = 1;
-  static const int TRAILING_METADATA_INDEX = 2;
-  static const int MESSAGE_INDEX = 3;
-  static const int STATUS_INDEX = 4;
-  static const int STATUS_CODE_INDEX = 0;
-  static const int STATUS_DETAILS_INDEX = 1;
-  static const int WRITE_FLAGS_INDEX = 5;
-  int type;
-  Py_ssize_t message_size;
-  char *message;
-  char *status_details;
-  gpr_slice message_slice;
-  grpc_op c_op;
-  if (!PyTuple_Check(op)) {
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "expected tuple op");
-    return 0;
-  }
-  if (PyTuple_Size(op) != OP_TUPLE_SIZE) {
-    char *buf;
-    gpr_asprintf(&buf, "expected tuple op of length %d", OP_TUPLE_SIZE);
-    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, buf);
-    gpr_free(buf);
-    return 0;
-  }
-  type = PyInt_AsLong(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(op, TYPE_INDEX));
-  if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  c_op.op = type;
-  c_op.reserved = NULL;
-  c_op.flags = PyInt_AsLong(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(op, WRITE_FLAGS_INDEX));
-  if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  switch (type) {
-  case GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA:
-    if (!pygrpc_cast_pyseq_to_send_metadata(
-            PyTuple_GetItem(op, INITIAL_METADATA_INDEX),
-            &c_op.data.send_initial_metadata.metadata,
-            &c_op.data.send_initial_metadata.count)) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE:
-    PyString_AsStringAndSize(
-        PyTuple_GET_ITEM(op, MESSAGE_INDEX), &message, &message_size);
-    message_slice = gpr_slice_from_copied_buffer(message, message_size);
-    c_op.data.send_message = grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&message_slice, 1);
-    gpr_slice_unref(message_slice);
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT:
-    /* Don't need to fill in any other fields. */
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER:
-    if (!pygrpc_cast_pyseq_to_send_metadata(
-            PyTuple_GetItem(op, TRAILING_METADATA_INDEX),
-            &c_op.data.send_status_from_server.trailing_metadata,
-            &c_op.data.send_status_from_server.trailing_metadata_count)) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if (!PyTuple_Check(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(op, STATUS_INDEX))) {
-      char *buf;
-      gpr_asprintf(&buf, "expected tuple status in op of length %d",
-                   STATUS_TUPLE_SIZE);
-      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, buf);
-      gpr_free(buf);
-      return 0;
-    }
-    c_op.data.send_status_from_server.status = PyInt_AsLong(
-        PyTuple_GET_ITEM(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(op, STATUS_INDEX), STATUS_CODE_INDEX));
-    status_details = PyString_AsString(
-        PyTuple_GET_ITEM(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(op, STATUS_INDEX), STATUS_DETAILS_INDEX));
-    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    c_op.data.send_status_from_server.status_details =
-        gpr_malloc(strlen(status_details) + 1);
-    strcpy((char *)c_op.data.send_status_from_server.status_details,
-           status_details);
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA:
-    c_op.data.recv_initial_metadata = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_metadata_array));
-    grpc_metadata_array_init(c_op.data.recv_initial_metadata);
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE:
-    c_op.data.recv_message = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_byte_buffer *));
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
-    c_op.data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata =
-        gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_metadata_array));
-    grpc_metadata_array_init(c_op.data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata);
-    c_op.data.recv_status_on_client.status =
-        gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_status_code *));
-    c_op.data.recv_status_on_client.status_details =
-        gpr_malloc(sizeof(char *));
-    *c_op.data.recv_status_on_client.status_details = NULL;
-    c_op.data.recv_status_on_client.status_details_capacity =
-        gpr_malloc(sizeof(size_t));
-    *c_op.data.recv_status_on_client.status_details_capacity = 0;
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER:
-    c_op.data.recv_close_on_server.cancelled = gpr_malloc(sizeof(int));
-    break;
-  default:
-    return 0;
-  }
-  *result = c_op;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-void pygrpc_discard_op(grpc_op op) {
-  size_t i;
-  switch(op.op) {
-  case GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA:
-    /* Whenever we produce send-metadata, we allocate new strings (to handle
-       arbitrary sequence input as opposed to just lists or just tuples). We
-       thus must free those elements. */
-    for (i = 0; i < op.data.send_initial_metadata.count; ++i) {
-      gpr_free((void *)op.data.send_initial_metadata.metadata[i].key);
-      gpr_free((void *)op.data.send_initial_metadata.metadata[i].value);
-    }
-    gpr_free(op.data.send_initial_metadata.metadata);
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE:
-    grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(op.data.send_message);
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT:
-    /* Don't need to free any fields. */
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER:
-    /* Whenever we produce send-metadata, we allocate new strings (to handle
-       arbitrary sequence input as opposed to just lists or just tuples). We
-       thus must free those elements. */
-    for (i = 0; i < op.data.send_status_from_server.trailing_metadata_count;
-         ++i) {
-      gpr_free(
-          (void *)op.data.send_status_from_server.trailing_metadata[i].key);
-      gpr_free(
-          (void *)op.data.send_status_from_server.trailing_metadata[i].value);
-    }
-    gpr_free(op.data.send_status_from_server.trailing_metadata);
-    gpr_free((char *)op.data.send_status_from_server.status_details);
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA:
-    grpc_metadata_array_destroy(op.data.recv_initial_metadata);
-    gpr_free(op.data.recv_initial_metadata);
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE:
-    grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(*op.data.recv_message);
-    gpr_free(op.data.recv_message);
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
-    grpc_metadata_array_destroy(op.data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata);
-    gpr_free(op.data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata);
-    gpr_free(op.data.recv_status_on_client.status);
-    gpr_free(*op.data.recv_status_on_client.status_details);
-    gpr_free(op.data.recv_status_on_client.status_details);
-    gpr_free(op.data.recv_status_on_client.status_details_capacity);
-    break;
-  case GRPC_OP_RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER:
-    gpr_free(op.data.recv_close_on_server.cancelled);
-    break;
-  }
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_consume_ops(grpc_op *op, size_t nops) {
-  static const int TYPE_INDEX = 0;
-  static const int INITIAL_METADATA_INDEX = 1;
-  static const int TRAILING_METADATA_INDEX = 2;
-  static const int MESSAGE_INDEX = 3;
-  static const int STATUS_INDEX = 4;
-  static const int CANCELLED_INDEX = 5;
-  static const int OPRESULT_LENGTH = 6;
-  PyObject *list;
-  size_t i;
-  size_t j;
-  char *bytes;
-  size_t bytes_size;
-  PyObject *results = PyList_New(nops);
-  if (!results) {
-    return NULL;
-  }
-  for (i = 0; i < nops; ++i) {
-    PyObject *result = PyTuple_Pack(OPRESULT_LENGTH, Py_None, Py_None, Py_None,
-                                    Py_None, Py_None, Py_None);
-    PyTuple_SetItem(result, TYPE_INDEX, PyInt_FromLong(op[i].op));
-    switch(op[i].op) {
-    case GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA:
-      PyTuple_SetItem(result, INITIAL_METADATA_INDEX,
-                      list=PyList_New(op[i].data.recv_initial_metadata->count));
-      for (j = 0; j < op[i].data.recv_initial_metadata->count; ++j) {
-        grpc_metadata md = op[i].data.recv_initial_metadata->metadata[j];
-        PyList_SetItem(list, j, Py_BuildValue("ss#", md.key, md.value,
-                                              (Py_ssize_t)md.value_length));
-      }
-      break;
-    case GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE:
-      if (*op[i].data.recv_message) {
-        pygrpc_byte_buffer_to_bytes(
-            *op[i].data.recv_message, &bytes, &bytes_size);
-        PyTuple_SetItem(result, MESSAGE_INDEX,
-                        PyString_FromStringAndSize(bytes, bytes_size));
-        gpr_free(bytes);
-      } else {
-        PyTuple_SetItem(result, MESSAGE_INDEX, Py_BuildValue(""));
-      }
-      break;
-    case GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
-      PyTuple_SetItem(
-          result, TRAILING_METADATA_INDEX,
-          list = PyList_New(op[i].data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata->count));
-      for (j = 0; j < op[i].data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata->count; ++j) {
-        grpc_metadata md =
-            op[i].data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata->metadata[j];
-        PyList_SetItem(list, j, Py_BuildValue("ss#", md.key, md.value,
-                                              (Py_ssize_t)md.value_length));
-      }
-      PyTuple_SetItem(
-          result, STATUS_INDEX, Py_BuildValue(
-              "is", *op[i].data.recv_status_on_client.status,
-              *op[i].data.recv_status_on_client.status_details));
-      break;
-    case GRPC_OP_RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER:
-      PyTuple_SetItem(
-          result, CANCELLED_INDEX,
-          PyBool_FromLong(*op[i].data.recv_close_on_server.cancelled));
-      break;
-    default:
-      break;
-    }
-    pygrpc_discard_op(op[i]);
-    PyList_SetItem(results, i, result);
-  }
-  return results;
-}
-
-double pygrpc_cast_gpr_timespec_to_double(gpr_timespec timespec) {
-  timespec = gpr_convert_clock_type(timespec, GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME);
-  return timespec.tv_sec + 1e-9*timespec.tv_nsec;
-}
-
-/* Because C89 doesn't have a way to check for infinity... */
-static int pygrpc_isinf(double x) {
-  return x * 0 != 0;
-}
-
-gpr_timespec pygrpc_cast_double_to_gpr_timespec(double seconds) {
-  gpr_timespec result;
-  if (pygrpc_isinf(seconds)) {
-    result = seconds > 0.0 ? gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)
-                           : gpr_inf_past(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME);
-  } else {
-    result.tv_sec = (time_t)seconds;
-    result.tv_nsec = ((seconds - result.tv_sec) * 1e9);
-    result.clock_type = GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME;
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
-int pygrpc_produce_channel_args(PyObject *py_args, grpc_channel_args *c_args) {
-  size_t num_args = PyList_Size(py_args);
-  size_t i;
-  grpc_channel_args args;
-  args.num_args = num_args;
-  args.args = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_arg) * num_args);
-  for (i = 0; i < args.num_args; ++i) {
-    char *key;
-    PyObject *value;
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(PyList_GetItem(py_args, i), "zO", &key, &value)) {
-      gpr_free(args.args);
-      args.num_args = 0;
-      args.args = NULL;
-      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                      "expected a list of 2-tuple of str and str|int|None");
-      return 0;
-    }
-    args.args[i].key = key;
-    if (PyInt_Check(value)) {
-      args.args[i].type = GRPC_ARG_INTEGER;
-      args.args[i].value.integer = PyInt_AsLong(value);
-    } else if (PyString_Check(value)) {
-      args.args[i].type = GRPC_ARG_STRING;
-      args.args[i].value.string = PyString_AsString(value);
-    } else if (value == Py_None) {
-      --args.num_args;
-      --i;
-      continue;
-    } else {
-      gpr_free(args.args);
-      args.num_args = 0;
-      args.args = NULL;
-      PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
-                      "expected a list of 2-tuple of str and str|int|None");
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  *c_args = args;
-  return 1;
-}
-
-void pygrpc_discard_channel_args(grpc_channel_args args) {
-  gpr_free(args.args);
-}
-
-int pygrpc_cast_pyseq_to_send_metadata(
-    PyObject *pyseq, grpc_metadata **metadata, size_t *count) {
-  size_t i;
-  Py_ssize_t value_length;
-  char *key;
-  char *value;
-  if (!PySequence_Check(pyseq)) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-  *count = PySequence_Size(pyseq);
-  *metadata = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_metadata) * *count);
-  for (i = 0; i < *count; ++i) {
-    PyObject *item = PySequence_GetItem(pyseq, i);
-    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(item, "ss#", &key, &value, &value_length)) {
-      Py_DECREF(item);
-      gpr_free(*metadata);
-      *count = 0;
-      *metadata = NULL;
-      return 0;
-    } else {
-      (*metadata)[i].key = gpr_strdup(key);
-      (*metadata)[i].value = gpr_malloc(value_length);
-      memcpy((void *)(*metadata)[i].value, value, value_length);
-      Py_DECREF(item);
-    }
-    (*metadata)[i].value_length = value_length;
-  }
-  return 1;
-}
-
-PyObject *pygrpc_cast_metadata_array_to_pyseq(grpc_metadata_array metadata) {
-  PyObject *result = PyTuple_New(metadata.count);
-  size_t i;
-  for (i = 0; i < metadata.count; ++i) {
-    PyTuple_SetItem(
-        result, i, Py_BuildValue(
-            "ss#", metadata.metadata[i].key, metadata.metadata[i].value,
-            (Py_ssize_t)metadata.metadata[i].value_length));
-    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
-      Py_DECREF(result);
-      return NULL;
-    }
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
-void pygrpc_byte_buffer_to_bytes(
-    grpc_byte_buffer *buffer, char **result, size_t *result_size) {
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader reader;
-  gpr_slice slice;
-  char *read_result = NULL;
-  size_t size = 0;
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(&reader, buffer);
-  while (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next(&reader, &slice)) {
-    read_result = gpr_realloc(read_result, size + GPR_SLICE_LENGTH(slice));
-    memcpy(read_result + size, GPR_SLICE_START_PTR(slice),
-           GPR_SLICE_LENGTH(slice));
-    size = size + GPR_SLICE_LENGTH(slice);
-    gpr_slice_unref(slice);
-  }
-  *result_size = size;
-  *result = read_result;
-}
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_adapter/_c_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_implementations.py
index fe020e2a9c..b85f228bf6 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_adapter/_c_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_implementations.py
@@ -27,29 +27,22 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-import time
-import unittest
+import collections
 
-from grpc._adapter import _c
-from grpc._adapter import _types
+from grpc.beta import interfaces
 
+class AuthMetadataContext(collections.namedtuple(
+    'AuthMetadataContext', [
+        'service_url',
+        'method_name'
+    ]), interfaces.GRPCAuthMetadataContext):
+  pass
 
-class CTypeSmokeTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
-  def testCompletionQueueUpDown(self):
-    completion_queue = _c.CompletionQueue()
-    del completion_queue
+class AuthMetadataPluginCallback(interfaces.GRPCAuthMetadataContext):
 
-  def testServerUpDown(self):
-    completion_queue = _c.CompletionQueue()
-    serv = _c.Server(completion_queue, [])
-    del serv
-    del completion_queue
+  def __init__(self, callback):
+    self._callback = callback
 
-  def testChannelUpDown(self):
-    channel = _c.Channel('[::]:0', [])
-    del channel
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
+  def __call__(self, metadata, error):
+    self._callback(metadata, error)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_intermediary_low.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_intermediary_low.py
index 5634c2024d..9698ffeabf 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_intermediary_low.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_intermediary_low.py
@@ -115,16 +115,20 @@ class Call(object):
     return call
 
   def invoke(self, completion_queue, metadata_tag, finish_tag):
-    err0 = self._internal.start_batch([
+    err = self._internal.start_batch([
           _types.OpArgs.send_initial_metadata(self._metadata)
       ], _IGNORE_ME_TAG)
-    err1 = self._internal.start_batch([
+    if err != _types.CallError.OK:
+      return err
+    err = self._internal.start_batch([
           _types.OpArgs.recv_initial_metadata()
       ], _TagAdapter(metadata_tag, Event.Kind.METADATA_ACCEPTED))
-    err2 = self._internal.start_batch([
+    if err != _types.CallError.OK:
+      return err
+    err = self._internal.start_batch([
           _types.OpArgs.recv_status_on_client()
       ], _TagAdapter(finish_tag, Event.Kind.FINISH))
-    return err0 if err0 != _types.CallError.OK else err1 if err1 != _types.CallError.OK else err2 if err2 != _types.CallError.OK else _types.CallError.OK
+    return err
 
   def write(self, message, tag, flags):
     return self._internal.start_batch([
@@ -158,7 +162,8 @@ class Call(object):
 
   def status(self, status, tag):
     return self._internal.start_batch([
-          _types.OpArgs.send_status_from_server(self._metadata, status.code, status.details)
+          _types.OpArgs.send_status_from_server(
+              self._metadata, status.code, status.details)
       ], _TagAdapter(tag, Event.Kind.COMPLETE_ACCEPTED))
 
   def cancel(self):
@@ -168,20 +173,17 @@ class Call(object):
     return self._internal.peer()
 
   def set_credentials(self, creds):
-    return self._internal.set_credentials(creds._internal)
+    return self._internal.set_credentials(creds)
 
 
 class Channel(object):
   """Adapter from old _low.Channel interface to new _low.Channel."""
 
-  def __init__(self, hostport, client_credentials, server_host_override=None):
+  def __init__(self, hostport, channel_credentials, server_host_override=None):
     args = []
     if server_host_override:
       args.append((_types.GrpcChannelArgumentKeys.SSL_TARGET_NAME_OVERRIDE.value, server_host_override))
-    creds = None
-    if client_credentials:
-      creds = client_credentials._internal
-    self._internal = _low.Channel(hostport, args, creds)
+    self._internal = _low.Channel(hostport, args, channel_credentials)
 
 
 class CompletionQueue(object):
@@ -192,7 +194,7 @@ class CompletionQueue(object):
 
   def get(self, deadline=None):
     if deadline is None:
-      ev = self._internal.next()
+      ev = self._internal.next(float('+inf'))
     else:
       ev = self._internal.next(deadline)
     if ev is None:
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ class Server(object):
     if server_credentials is None:
       return self._internal.add_http2_port(addr, None)
     else:
-      return self._internal.add_http2_port(addr, server_credentials._internal)
+      return self._internal.add_http2_port(addr, server_credentials)
 
   def start(self):
     return self._internal.start()
@@ -248,20 +250,9 @@ class Server(object):
   def service(self, tag):
     return self._internal.request_call(self._internal_cq, _TagAdapter(tag, Event.Kind.SERVICE_ACCEPTED))
 
+  def cancel_all_calls(self):
+    self._internal.cancel_all_calls()
+
   def stop(self):
     return self._internal.shutdown(_TagAdapter(None, Event.Kind.STOP))
 
-
-class ClientCredentials(object):
-  """Adapter from old _low.ClientCredentials interface to new _low.ChannelCredentials."""
-
-  def __init__(self, root_certificates, private_key, certificate_chain):
-    self._internal = _low.ChannelCredentials.ssl(root_certificates, private_key, certificate_chain)
-
-
-class ServerCredentials(object):
-  """Adapter from old _low.ServerCredentials interface to new _low.ServerCredentials."""
-
-  def __init__(self, root_credentials, pair_sequence, force_client_auth):
-    self._internal = _low.ServerCredentials.ssl(
-        root_credentials, list(pair_sequence), force_client_auth)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_low.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_low.py
index 57146aaefe..b13d8dd9dd 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_low.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_low.py
@@ -27,36 +27,157 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
+import threading
+
 from grpc import _grpcio_metadata
-from grpc._adapter import _c
+from grpc._cython import cygrpc
+from grpc._adapter import _implementations
 from grpc._adapter import _types
 
 _USER_AGENT = 'Python-gRPC-{}'.format(_grpcio_metadata.__version__)
 
-ChannelCredentials = _c.ChannelCredentials
-CallCredentials = _c.CallCredentials
-ServerCredentials = _c.ServerCredentials
+ChannelCredentials = cygrpc.ChannelCredentials
+CallCredentials = cygrpc.CallCredentials
+ServerCredentials = cygrpc.ServerCredentials
+
+channel_credentials_composite = cygrpc.channel_credentials_composite
+call_credentials_composite = cygrpc.call_credentials_composite
+
+def server_credentials_ssl(root_credentials, pair_sequence, force_client_auth):
+  return cygrpc.server_credentials_ssl(
+      root_credentials,
+      [cygrpc.SslPemKeyCertPair(key, pem) for key, pem in pair_sequence],
+      force_client_auth)
+
+def channel_credentials_ssl(
+    root_certificates, private_key, certificate_chain):
+  pair = None
+  if private_key is not None or certificate_chain is not None:
+    pair = cygrpc.SslPemKeyCertPair(private_key, certificate_chain)
+  return cygrpc.channel_credentials_ssl(root_certificates, pair)
+
+
+class _WrappedCygrpcCallback(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, cygrpc_callback):
+    self.is_called = False
+    self.error = None
+    self.is_called_lock = threading.Lock()
+    self.cygrpc_callback = cygrpc_callback
+
+  def _invoke_failure(self, error):
+    # TODO(atash) translate different Exception superclasses into different
+    # status codes.
+    self.cygrpc_callback(
+        cygrpc.Metadata([]), cygrpc.StatusCode.internal, error.message)
+
+  def _invoke_success(self, metadata):
+    try:
+      cygrpc_metadata = cygrpc.Metadata(
+          cygrpc.Metadatum(key, value)
+          for key, value in metadata)
+    except Exception as error:
+      self._invoke_failure(error)
+      return
+    self.cygrpc_callback(cygrpc_metadata, cygrpc.StatusCode.ok, '')
+
+  def __call__(self, metadata, error):
+    with self.is_called_lock:
+      if self.is_called:
+        raise RuntimeError('callback should only ever be invoked once')
+      if self.error:
+        self._invoke_failure(self.error)
+        return
+      self.is_called = True
+    if error is None:
+      self._invoke_success(metadata)
+    else:
+      self._invoke_failure(error)
+
+  def notify_failure(self, error):
+    with self.is_called_lock:
+      if not self.is_called:
+        self.error = error
+
+
+class _WrappedPlugin(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, plugin):
+    self.plugin = plugin
+
+  def __call__(self, context, cygrpc_callback):
+    wrapped_cygrpc_callback = _WrappedCygrpcCallback(cygrpc_callback)
+    wrapped_context = _implementations.AuthMetadataContext(context.service_url,
+                                                           context.method_name)
+    try:
+      self.plugin(
+          wrapped_context,
+          _implementations.AuthMetadataPluginCallback(wrapped_cygrpc_callback))
+    except Exception as error:
+      wrapped_cygrpc_callback.notify_failure(error)
+      raise
+
+
+def call_credentials_metadata_plugin(plugin, name):
+  """
+  Args:
+    plugin: A callable accepting a _types.AuthMetadataContext
+      object and a callback (itself accepting a list of metadata key/value
+      2-tuples and a None-able exception value). The callback must be eventually
+      called, but need not be called in plugin's invocation.
+      plugin's invocation must be non-blocking.
+  """
+  return cygrpc.call_credentials_metadata_plugin(
+      cygrpc.CredentialsMetadataPlugin(_WrappedPlugin(plugin), name))
 
 
 class CompletionQueue(_types.CompletionQueue):
 
   def __init__(self):
-    self.completion_queue = _c.CompletionQueue()
+    self.completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
 
   def next(self, deadline=float('+inf')):
-    raw_event = self.completion_queue.next(deadline)
-    if raw_event is None:
+    raw_event = self.completion_queue.poll(cygrpc.Timespec(deadline))
+    if raw_event.type == cygrpc.CompletionType.queue_timeout:
       return None
-    event = _types.Event(*raw_event)
-    if event.call is not None:
-      event = event._replace(call=Call(event.call))
-    if event.call_details is not None:
-      event = event._replace(call_details=_types.CallDetails(*event.call_details))
-    if event.results is not None:
-      new_results = [_types.OpResult(*r) for r in event.results]
-      new_results = [r if r.status is None else r._replace(status=_types.Status(_types.StatusCode(r.status[0]), r.status[1])) for r in new_results]
-      event = event._replace(results=new_results)
-    return event
+    event_type = raw_event.type
+    event_tag = raw_event.tag
+    event_call = Call(raw_event.operation_call)
+    if raw_event.request_call_details:
+      event_call_details = _types.CallDetails(
+          raw_event.request_call_details.method,
+          raw_event.request_call_details.host,
+          float(raw_event.request_call_details.deadline))
+    else:
+      event_call_details = None
+    event_success = raw_event.success
+    event_results = []
+    if raw_event.is_new_request:
+      event_results.append(_types.OpResult(
+          _types.OpType.RECV_INITIAL_METADATA, raw_event.request_metadata,
+          None, None, None, None))
+    else:
+      if raw_event.batch_operations:
+        for operation in raw_event.batch_operations:
+          result_type = operation.type
+          result_initial_metadata = operation.received_metadata_or_none
+          result_trailing_metadata = operation.received_metadata_or_none
+          result_message = operation.received_message_or_none
+          if result_message is not None:
+            result_message = result_message.bytes()
+          result_cancelled = operation.received_cancelled_or_none
+          if operation.has_status:
+            result_status = _types.Status(
+                operation.received_status_code_or_none,
+                operation.received_status_details_or_none)
+          else:
+            result_status = None
+          event_results.append(
+              _types.OpResult(result_type, result_initial_metadata,
+                              result_trailing_metadata, result_message,
+                              result_status, result_cancelled))
+    return _types.Event(event_type, event_tag, event_call, event_call_details,
+                        event_results, event_success)
 
   def shutdown(self):
     self.completion_queue.shutdown()
@@ -68,7 +189,36 @@ class Call(_types.Call):
     self.call = call
 
   def start_batch(self, ops, tag):
-    return self.call.start_batch(ops, tag)
+    translated_ops = []
+    for op in ops:
+      if op.type == _types.OpType.SEND_INITIAL_METADATA:
+        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(
+            cygrpc.Metadata(
+                cygrpc.Metadatum(key, value)
+                for key, value in op.initial_metadata))
+      elif op.type == _types.OpType.SEND_MESSAGE:
+        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_send_message(op.message)
+      elif op.type == _types.OpType.SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT:
+        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_send_close_from_client()
+      elif op.type == _types.OpType.SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER:
+        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_send_status_from_server(
+            cygrpc.Metadata(
+                cygrpc.Metadatum(key, value)
+                for key, value in op.trailing_metadata),
+            op.status.code,
+            op.status.details)
+      elif op.type == _types.OpType.RECV_INITIAL_METADATA:
+        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_receive_initial_metadata()
+      elif op.type == _types.OpType.RECV_MESSAGE:
+        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_receive_message()
+      elif op.type == _types.OpType.RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
+        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_receive_status_on_client()
+      elif op.type == _types.OpType.RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER:
+        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_receive_close_on_server()
+      else:
+        raise ValueError('unexpected operation type {}'.format(op.type))
+      translated_ops.append(translated_op)
+    return self.call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations(translated_ops), tag)
 
   def cancel(self, code=None, details=None):
     if code is None and details is None:
@@ -86,14 +236,20 @@ class Call(_types.Call):
 class Channel(_types.Channel):
 
   def __init__(self, target, args, creds=None):
-    args = list(args) + [(_c.PRIMARY_USER_AGENT_KEY, _USER_AGENT)]
+    args = list(args) + [
+        (cygrpc.ChannelArgKey.primary_user_agent_string, _USER_AGENT)]
+    args = cygrpc.ChannelArgs(
+        cygrpc.ChannelArg(key, value) for key, value in args)
     if creds is None:
-      self.channel = _c.Channel(target, args)
+      self.channel = cygrpc.Channel(target, args)
     else:
-      self.channel = _c.Channel(target, args, creds)
+      self.channel = cygrpc.Channel(target, args, creds)
 
   def create_call(self, completion_queue, method, host, deadline=None):
-    return Call(self.channel.create_call(completion_queue.completion_queue, method, host, deadline))
+    internal_call = self.channel.create_call(
+        None, 0, completion_queue.completion_queue, method, host,
+        cygrpc.Timespec(deadline))
+    return Call(internal_call)
 
   def check_connectivity_state(self, try_to_connect):
     return self.channel.check_connectivity_state(try_to_connect)
@@ -101,7 +257,8 @@ class Channel(_types.Channel):
   def watch_connectivity_state(self, last_observed_state, deadline,
                                completion_queue, tag):
     self.channel.watch_connectivity_state(
-        last_observed_state, deadline, completion_queue.completion_queue, tag)
+        last_observed_state, cygrpc.Timespec(deadline),
+        completion_queue.completion_queue, tag)
 
   def target(self):
     return self.channel.target()
@@ -112,7 +269,11 @@ _NO_TAG = object()
 class Server(_types.Server):
 
   def __init__(self, completion_queue, args):
-    self.server = _c.Server(completion_queue.completion_queue, args)
+    args = cygrpc.ChannelArgs(
+        cygrpc.ChannelArg(key, value) for key, value in args)
+    self.server = cygrpc.Server(args)
+    self.server.register_completion_queue(completion_queue.completion_queue)
+    self.server_queue = completion_queue
 
   def add_http2_port(self, addr, creds=None):
     if creds is None:
@@ -124,10 +285,11 @@ class Server(_types.Server):
     return self.server.start()
 
   def shutdown(self, tag=None):
-    return self.server.shutdown(tag)
+    return self.server.shutdown(self.server_queue.completion_queue, tag)
 
   def request_call(self, completion_queue, tag):
-    return self.server.request_call(completion_queue.completion_queue, tag)
+    return self.server.request_call(completion_queue.completion_queue,
+                                    self.server_queue.completion_queue, tag)
 
   def cancel_all_calls(self):
     return self.server.cancel_all_calls()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_types.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_types.py
index ca0fa066bc..3d5ab33d00 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_types.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_types.py
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ import abc
 import collections
 import enum
 
+from grpc._cython import cygrpc
+
 
 class GrpcChannelArgumentKeys(enum.Enum):
   """Mirrors keys used in grpc_channel_args for GRPC-specific arguments."""
@@ -40,77 +42,77 @@ class GrpcChannelArgumentKeys(enum.Enum):
 @enum.unique
 class CallError(enum.IntEnum):
   """Mirrors grpc_call_error in the C core."""
-  OK                        = 0
-  ERROR                     = 1
-  ERROR_NOT_ON_SERVER       = 2
-  ERROR_NOT_ON_CLIENT       = 3
-  ERROR_ALREADY_ACCEPTED    = 4
-  ERROR_ALREADY_INVOKED     = 5
-  ERROR_NOT_INVOKED         = 6
-  ERROR_ALREADY_FINISHED    = 7
-  ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPERATIONS = 8
-  ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS       = 9
-  ERROR_INVALID_METADATA    = 10
+  OK                        = cygrpc.CallError.ok
+  ERROR                     = cygrpc.CallError.error
+  ERROR_NOT_ON_SERVER       = cygrpc.CallError.not_on_server
+  ERROR_NOT_ON_CLIENT       = cygrpc.CallError.not_on_client
+  ERROR_ALREADY_ACCEPTED    = cygrpc.CallError.already_accepted
+  ERROR_ALREADY_INVOKED     = cygrpc.CallError.already_invoked
+  ERROR_NOT_INVOKED         = cygrpc.CallError.not_invoked
+  ERROR_ALREADY_FINISHED    = cygrpc.CallError.already_finished
+  ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPERATIONS = cygrpc.CallError.too_many_operations
+  ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS       = cygrpc.CallError.invalid_flags
+  ERROR_INVALID_METADATA    = cygrpc.CallError.invalid_metadata
 
 
 @enum.unique
 class StatusCode(enum.IntEnum):
   """Mirrors grpc_status_code in the C core."""
-  OK                  = 0
-  CANCELLED           = 1
-  UNKNOWN             = 2
-  INVALID_ARGUMENT    = 3
-  DEADLINE_EXCEEDED   = 4
-  NOT_FOUND           = 5
-  ALREADY_EXISTS      = 6
-  PERMISSION_DENIED   = 7
-  RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED  = 8
-  FAILED_PRECONDITION = 9
-  ABORTED             = 10
-  OUT_OF_RANGE        = 11
-  UNIMPLEMENTED       = 12
-  INTERNAL            = 13
-  UNAVAILABLE         = 14
-  DATA_LOSS           = 15
-  UNAUTHENTICATED     = 16
+  OK                  = cygrpc.StatusCode.ok
+  CANCELLED           = cygrpc.StatusCode.cancelled
+  UNKNOWN             = cygrpc.StatusCode.unknown
+  INVALID_ARGUMENT    = cygrpc.StatusCode.invalid_argument
+  DEADLINE_EXCEEDED   = cygrpc.StatusCode.deadline_exceeded
+  NOT_FOUND           = cygrpc.StatusCode.not_found
+  ALREADY_EXISTS      = cygrpc.StatusCode.already_exists
+  PERMISSION_DENIED   = cygrpc.StatusCode.permission_denied
+  RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED  = cygrpc.StatusCode.resource_exhausted
+  FAILED_PRECONDITION = cygrpc.StatusCode.failed_precondition
+  ABORTED             = cygrpc.StatusCode.aborted
+  OUT_OF_RANGE        = cygrpc.StatusCode.out_of_range
+  UNIMPLEMENTED       = cygrpc.StatusCode.unimplemented
+  INTERNAL            = cygrpc.StatusCode.internal
+  UNAVAILABLE         = cygrpc.StatusCode.unavailable
+  DATA_LOSS           = cygrpc.StatusCode.data_loss
+  UNAUTHENTICATED     = cygrpc.StatusCode.unauthenticated
 
 
 @enum.unique
 class OpWriteFlags(enum.IntEnum):
   """Mirrors defined write-flag constants in the C core."""
-  WRITE_BUFFER_HINT = 1
-  WRITE_NO_COMPRESS = 2
+  WRITE_BUFFER_HINT = cygrpc.WriteFlag.buffer_hint
+  WRITE_NO_COMPRESS = cygrpc.WriteFlag.no_compress
 
 
 @enum.unique
 class OpType(enum.IntEnum):
   """Mirrors grpc_op_type in the C core."""
-  SEND_INITIAL_METADATA   = 0
-  SEND_MESSAGE            = 1
-  SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT  = 2
-  SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER = 3
-  RECV_INITIAL_METADATA   = 4
-  RECV_MESSAGE            = 5
-  RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT   = 6
-  RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER    = 7
+  SEND_INITIAL_METADATA   = cygrpc.OperationType.send_initial_metadata
+  SEND_MESSAGE            = cygrpc.OperationType.send_message
+  SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT  = cygrpc.OperationType.send_close_from_client
+  SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER = cygrpc.OperationType.send_status_from_server
+  RECV_INITIAL_METADATA   = cygrpc.OperationType.receive_initial_metadata
+  RECV_MESSAGE            = cygrpc.OperationType.receive_message
+  RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT   = cygrpc.OperationType.receive_status_on_client
+  RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER    = cygrpc.OperationType.receive_close_on_server
 
 
 @enum.unique
 class EventType(enum.IntEnum):
   """Mirrors grpc_completion_type in the C core."""
-  QUEUE_SHUTDOWN = 0
-  QUEUE_TIMEOUT  = 1  # if seen on the Python side, something went horridly wrong
-  OP_COMPLETE    = 2
+  QUEUE_SHUTDOWN = cygrpc.CompletionType.queue_shutdown
+  QUEUE_TIMEOUT  = cygrpc.CompletionType.queue_timeout
+  OP_COMPLETE    = cygrpc.CompletionType.operation_complete
 
 
 @enum.unique
 class ConnectivityState(enum.IntEnum):
   """Mirrors grpc_connectivity_state in the C core."""
-  IDLE              = 0
-  CONNECTING        = 1
-  READY             = 2
-  TRANSIENT_FAILURE = 3
-  FATAL_FAILURE     = 4
+  IDLE              = cygrpc.ConnectivityState.idle
+  CONNECTING        = cygrpc.ConnectivityState.connecting
+  READY             = cygrpc.ConnectivityState.ready
+  TRANSIENT_FAILURE = cygrpc.ConnectivityState.transient_failure
+  FATAL_FAILURE     = cygrpc.ConnectivityState.fatal_failure
 
 
 class Status(collections.namedtuple(
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx
index 51c4668138..1c07f9f4f4 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx
@@ -53,24 +53,24 @@ cdef class Call:
         self.c_call, cy_operations.c_ops, cy_operations.c_nops,
         <cpython.PyObject *>operation_tag, NULL)
 
-  def cancel(self,
-             grpc.grpc_status_code error_code=grpc.GRPC_STATUS__DO_NOT_USE,
-             details=None):
+  def cancel(
+      self, grpc.grpc_status_code error_code=grpc.GRPC_STATUS__DO_NOT_USE,
+      details=None):
     if not self.is_valid:
       raise ValueError("invalid call object cannot be used from Python")
     if (details is None) != (error_code == grpc.GRPC_STATUS__DO_NOT_USE):
       raise ValueError("if error_code is specified, so must details "
                        "(and vice-versa)")
-    if isinstance(details, bytes):
-      pass
-    elif isinstance(details, basestring):
-      details = details.encode()
-    else:
-      raise TypeError("expected details to be str or bytes")
     if error_code != grpc.GRPC_STATUS__DO_NOT_USE:
+      if isinstance(details, bytes):
+        pass
+      elif isinstance(details, basestring):
+        details = details.encode()
+      else:
+        raise TypeError("expected details to be str or bytes")
       self.references.append(details)
-      return grpc.grpc_call_cancel_with_status(self.c_call, error_code, details,
-                                               NULL)
+      return grpc.grpc_call_cancel_with_status(
+          self.c_call, error_code, details, NULL)
     else:
       return grpc.grpc_call_cancel(self.c_call, NULL)
 
@@ -79,6 +79,12 @@ cdef class Call:
     return grpc.grpc_call_set_credentials(
         self.c_call, call_credentials.c_credentials)
 
+  def peer(self):
+    cdef char *peer = grpc.grpc_call_get_peer(self.c_call)
+    result = <bytes>peer
+    grpc.gpr_free(peer)
+    return result
+
   def __dealloc__(self):
     if self.c_call != NULL:
       grpc.grpc_call_destroy(self.c_call)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/channel.pyx b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/channel.pyx
index e25db3e2a4..a944a83576 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/channel.pyx
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/channel.pyx
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
+cimport cpython
+
 from grpc._cython._cygrpc cimport call
 from grpc._cython._cygrpc cimport completion_queue
 from grpc._cython._cygrpc cimport credentials
@@ -70,12 +72,16 @@ cdef class Channel:
       method = method.encode()
     else:
       raise TypeError("expected method to be str or bytes")
-    if isinstance(host, bytes):
+    cdef char *host_c_string = NULL
+    if host is None:
       pass
+    elif isinstance(host, bytes):
+      host_c_string = host
     elif isinstance(host, basestring):
       host = host.encode()
+      host_c_string = host
     else:
-      raise TypeError("expected host to be str or bytes")
+      raise TypeError("expected host to be str, bytes, or None")
     cdef call.Call operation_call = call.Call()
     operation_call.references = [self, method, host, queue]
     cdef grpc.grpc_call *parent_call = NULL
@@ -83,10 +89,29 @@ cdef class Channel:
       parent_call = parent.c_call
     operation_call.c_call = grpc.grpc_channel_create_call(
         self.c_channel, parent_call, flags,
-        queue.c_completion_queue, method, host, deadline.c_time,
+        queue.c_completion_queue, method, host_c_string, deadline.c_time,
         NULL)
     return operation_call
 
+  def check_connectivity_state(self, bint try_to_connect):
+    return grpc.grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(self.c_channel,
+                                                      try_to_connect)
+
+  def watch_connectivity_state(
+      self, last_observed_state, records.Timespec deadline not None,
+      completion_queue.CompletionQueue queue not None, tag):
+    cdef records.OperationTag operation_tag = records.OperationTag(tag)
+    cpython.Py_INCREF(operation_tag)
+    grpc.grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state(
+        self.c_channel, last_observed_state, deadline.c_time,
+        queue.c_completion_queue, <cpython.PyObject *>operation_tag)
+
+  def target(self):
+    cdef char * target = grpc.grpc_channel_get_target(self.c_channel)
+    result = <bytes>target
+    grpc.gpr_free(target)
+    return result
+
   def __dealloc__(self):
     if self.c_channel != NULL:
       grpc.grpc_channel_destroy(self.c_channel)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pyx b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pyx
index a7a265eab7..2cf49707b4 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pyx
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pyx
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ cdef class CompletionQueue:
     cdef grpc.grpc_event event
 
     # Poll within a critical section
+    # TODO consider making queue polling contention a hard error to enable
+    # easier bug discovery
     with self.poll_condition:
       while self.is_polling:
         self.poll_condition.wait(float(deadline) - time.time())
@@ -74,10 +76,12 @@ cdef class CompletionQueue:
       self.poll_condition.notify()
 
     if event.type == grpc.GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT:
-      return records.Event(event.type, False, None, None, None, None, None)
+      return records.Event(
+          event.type, False, None, None, None, None, False, None)
     elif event.type == grpc.GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN:
       self.is_shutdown = True
-      return records.Event(event.type, True, None, None, None, None, None)
+      return records.Event(
+          event.type, True, None, None, None, None, False, None)
     else:
       if event.tag != NULL:
         tag = <records.OperationTag>event.tag
@@ -97,7 +101,8 @@ cdef class CompletionQueue:
           operation_call.references.extend(tag.references)
       return records.Event(
           event.type, event.success, user_tag, operation_call,
-          request_call_details, request_metadata, batch_operations)
+          request_call_details, request_metadata, tag.is_new_request,
+          batch_operations)
 
   def shutdown(self):
     grpc.grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(self.c_completion_queue)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pxd b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pxd
index 7a9fa7b76d..db9f8ddec9 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pxd
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pxd
@@ -27,7 +27,10 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
+cimport cpython
+
 from grpc._cython._cygrpc cimport grpc
+from grpc._cython._cygrpc cimport records
 
 
 cdef class ChannelCredentials:
@@ -49,3 +52,23 @@ cdef class ServerCredentials:
   cdef grpc.grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair *c_ssl_pem_key_cert_pairs
   cdef size_t c_ssl_pem_key_cert_pairs_count
   cdef list references
+
+
+cdef class CredentialsMetadataPlugin:
+
+  cdef object plugin_callback
+  cdef str plugin_name
+
+  cdef grpc.grpc_metadata_credentials_plugin make_c_plugin(self)
+
+
+cdef class AuthMetadataContext:
+
+  cdef grpc.grpc_auth_metadata_context context
+
+
+cdef void plugin_get_metadata(
+    void *state, grpc.grpc_auth_metadata_context context,
+    grpc.grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb cb, void *user_data) with gil
+
+cdef void plugin_destroy_c_plugin_state(void *state)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx
index e9836fec2c..a968894967 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
+cimport cpython
+
 from grpc._cython._cygrpc cimport grpc
 from grpc._cython._cygrpc cimport records
 
@@ -71,19 +73,80 @@ cdef class ServerCredentials:
 
   def __cinit__(self):
     self.c_credentials = NULL
+    self.references = []
 
   def __dealloc__(self):
     if self.c_credentials != NULL:
       grpc.grpc_server_credentials_release(self.c_credentials)
 
 
+cdef class CredentialsMetadataPlugin:
+
+  def __cinit__(self, object plugin_callback, str name):
+    """
+    Args:
+      plugin_callback (callable): Callback accepting a service URL (str/bytes)
+        and callback object (accepting a records.Metadata,
+        grpc.grpc_status_code, and a str/bytes error message). This argument
+        when called should be non-blocking and eventually call the callback
+        object with the appropriate status code/details and metadata (if
+        successful).
+      name (str): Plugin name.
+    """
+    if not callable(plugin_callback):
+      raise ValueError('expected callable plugin_callback')
+    self.plugin_callback = plugin_callback
+    self.plugin_name = name
+
+  @staticmethod
+  cdef grpc.grpc_metadata_credentials_plugin make_c_plugin(self):
+    cdef grpc.grpc_metadata_credentials_plugin result
+    result.get_metadata = plugin_get_metadata
+    result.destroy = plugin_destroy_c_plugin_state
+    result.state = <void *>self
+    result.type = self.plugin_name
+    cpython.Py_INCREF(self)
+    return result
+
+
+cdef class AuthMetadataContext:
+
+  def __cinit__(self):
+    self.context.service_url = NULL
+    self.context.method_name = NULL
+
+  @property
+  def service_url(self):
+    return self.context.service_url
+
+  @property
+  def method_name(self):
+    return self.context.method_name
+
+
+cdef void plugin_get_metadata(
+    void *state, grpc.grpc_auth_metadata_context context,
+    grpc.grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb cb, void *user_data) with gil:
+  def python_callback(
+      records.Metadata metadata, grpc.grpc_status_code status,
+      const char *error_details):
+    cb(user_data, metadata.c_metadata_array.metadata,
+       metadata.c_metadata_array.count, status, error_details)
+  cdef CredentialsMetadataPlugin self = <CredentialsMetadataPlugin>state
+  cdef AuthMetadataContext cy_context = AuthMetadataContext()
+  cy_context.context = context
+  self.plugin_callback(cy_context, python_callback)
+
+cdef void plugin_destroy_c_plugin_state(void *state):
+  cpython.Py_DECREF(<CredentialsMetadataPlugin>state)
+
 def channel_credentials_google_default():
   cdef ChannelCredentials credentials = ChannelCredentials();
   credentials.c_credentials = grpc.grpc_google_default_credentials_create()
   return credentials
 
 def channel_credentials_ssl(pem_root_certificates,
-                           records.SslPemKeyCertPair ssl_pem_key_cert_pair):
+                            records.SslPemKeyCertPair ssl_pem_key_cert_pair):
   if pem_root_certificates is None:
     pass
   elif isinstance(pem_root_certificates, bytes):
@@ -104,6 +167,7 @@ def channel_credentials_ssl(pem_root_certificates,
   else:
     credentials.c_credentials = grpc.grpc_ssl_credentials_create(
       c_pem_root_certificates, NULL, NULL)
+  return credentials
 
 def channel_credentials_composite(
     ChannelCredentials credentials_1 not None,
@@ -135,7 +199,6 @@ def call_credentials_google_compute_engine():
       grpc.grpc_google_compute_engine_credentials_create(NULL))
   return credentials
 
-#TODO rename to something like client_credentials_service_account_jwt_access.
 def call_credentials_service_account_jwt_access(
     json_key, records.Timespec token_lifetime not None):
   if isinstance(json_key, bytes):
@@ -184,14 +247,25 @@ def call_credentials_google_iam(authorization_token, authority_selector):
   credentials.references.append(authority_selector)
   return credentials
 
+def call_credentials_metadata_plugin(CredentialsMetadataPlugin plugin):
+  cdef CallCredentials credentials = CallCredentials()
+  credentials.c_credentials = (
+      grpc.grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin(plugin.make_c_plugin(),
+                                                        NULL))
+  # TODO(atash): the following held reference is *probably* never necessary
+  credentials.references.append(plugin)
+  return credentials
+
 def server_credentials_ssl(pem_root_certs, pem_key_cert_pairs,
                            bint force_client_auth):
+  cdef char *c_pem_root_certs = NULL
   if pem_root_certs is None:
     pass
   elif isinstance(pem_root_certs, bytes):
-    pass
+    c_pem_root_certs = pem_root_certs
   elif isinstance(pem_root_certs, basestring):
     pem_root_certs = pem_root_certs.encode()
+    c_pem_root_certs = pem_root_certs
   else:
     raise TypeError("expected pem_root_certs to be str or bytes")
   pem_key_cert_pairs = list(pem_key_cert_pairs)
@@ -212,7 +286,7 @@ def server_credentials_ssl(pem_root_certs, pem_key_cert_pairs,
     credentials.c_ssl_pem_key_cert_pairs[i] = (
         (<records.SslPemKeyCertPair>pem_key_cert_pairs[i]).c_pair)
   credentials.c_credentials = grpc.grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create(
-      pem_root_certs, credentials.c_ssl_pem_key_cert_pairs,
+      c_pem_root_certs, credentials.c_ssl_pem_key_cert_pairs,
       credentials.c_ssl_pem_key_cert_pairs_count, force_client_auth, NULL)
   return credentials
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxd b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxd
index 36aea81a6c..10c948cd0a 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxd
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxd
@@ -132,6 +132,20 @@ cdef extern from "grpc/byte_buffer.h":
 
 cdef extern from "grpc/grpc.h":
 
+  const char *GRPC_ARG_PRIMARY_USER_AGENT_STRING
+  const char *GRPC_ARG_ENABLE_CENSUS
+  const char *GRPC_ARG_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
+  const char *GRPC_ARG_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH
+  const char *GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_INITIAL_SEQUENCE_NUMBER
+  const char *GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY
+  const char *GRPC_ARG_PRIMARY_USER_AGENT_STRING
+  const char *GRPC_ARG_SECONDARY_USER_AGENT_STRING
+  const char *GRPC_SSL_TARGET_NAME_OVERRIDE_ARG
+
+  const int GRPC_WRITE_BUFFER_HINT
+  const int GRPC_WRITE_NO_COMPRESS
+  const int GRPC_WRITE_USED_MASK
+
   ctypedef struct grpc_completion_queue:
     # We don't care about the internals (and in fact don't know them)
     pass
@@ -149,9 +163,9 @@ cdef extern from "grpc/grpc.h":
     pass
 
   ctypedef enum grpc_arg_type:
-    grpc_arg_string "GRPC_ARG_STRING"
-    grpc_arg_integer "GRPC_ARG_INTEGER"
-    grpc_arg_pointer "GRPC_ARG_POINTER"
+    GRPC_ARG_STRING
+    GRPC_ARG_INTEGER
+    GRPC_ARG_POINTER
 
   ctypedef struct grpc_arg_value_pointer:
     void *address "p"
@@ -185,6 +199,13 @@ cdef extern from "grpc/grpc.h":
     GRPC_CALL_ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS
     GRPC_CALL_ERROR_INVALID_METADATA
 
+  ctypedef enum grpc_connectivity_state:
+    GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE
+    GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING
+    GRPC_CHANNEL_READY
+    GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE
+    GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE
+
   ctypedef struct grpc_metadata:
     const char *key
     const char *value
@@ -279,9 +300,9 @@ cdef extern from "grpc/grpc.h":
                                                grpc_status_code status,
                                                const char *description,
                                                void *reserved)
+  char *grpc_call_get_peer(grpc_call *call)
   void grpc_call_destroy(grpc_call *call)
 
-
   grpc_channel *grpc_insecure_channel_create(const char *target,
                                              const grpc_channel_args *args,
                                              void *reserved)
@@ -291,6 +312,12 @@ cdef extern from "grpc/grpc.h":
                                       grpc_completion_queue *completion_queue,
                                       const char *method, const char *host,
                                       gpr_timespec deadline, void *reserved)
+  grpc_connectivity_state grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(
+      grpc_channel *channel, int try_to_connect)
+  void grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state(
+      grpc_channel *channel, grpc_connectivity_state last_observed_state,
+      gpr_timespec deadline, grpc_completion_queue *cq, void *tag)
+  char *grpc_channel_get_target(grpc_channel *channel)
   void grpc_channel_destroy(grpc_channel *channel)
 
   grpc_server *grpc_server_create(const grpc_channel_args *args, void *reserved)
@@ -367,3 +394,27 @@ cdef extern from "grpc/grpc_security.h":
 
   grpc_call_error grpc_call_set_credentials(grpc_call *call,
                                             grpc_call_credentials *creds)
+
+  ctypedef struct grpc_auth_context:
+    # We don't care about the internals (and in fact don't know them)
+    pass
+
+  ctypedef struct grpc_auth_metadata_context:
+    const char *service_url
+    const char *method_name
+    const grpc_auth_context *channel_auth_context
+
+  ctypedef void (*grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb)(
+      void *user_data, const grpc_metadata *creds_md, size_t num_creds_md,
+      grpc_status_code status, const char *error_details)
+
+  ctypedef struct grpc_metadata_credentials_plugin:
+    void (*get_metadata)(
+        void *state, grpc_auth_metadata_context context,
+        grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb cb, void *user_data)
+    void (*destroy)(void *state)
+    void *state
+    const char *type
+
+  grpc_call_credentials *grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin(
+      grpc_metadata_credentials_plugin plugin, void *reserved)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pxd b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pxd
index 9ee487882a..4c844e4cb6 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pxd
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pxd
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ cdef class Event:
   cdef readonly call.Call operation_call
 
   # For Server.request_call
+  cdef readonly bint is_new_request
   cdef readonly CallDetails request_call_details
   cdef readonly Metadata request_metadata
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pyx b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pyx
index 8edee09c2d..79a7f8f563 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pyx
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pyx
@@ -32,6 +32,30 @@ from grpc._cython._cygrpc cimport call
 from grpc._cython._cygrpc cimport server
 
 
+class ConnectivityState:
+  idle = grpc.GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE
+  connecting = grpc.GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING
+  ready = grpc.GRPC_CHANNEL_READY
+  transient_failure = grpc.GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE
+  fatal_failure = grpc.GRPC_CHANNEL_FATAL_FAILURE
+
+
+class ChannelArgKey:
+  enable_census = grpc.GRPC_ARG_ENABLE_CENSUS
+  max_concurrent_streams = grpc.GRPC_ARG_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS
+  max_message_length = grpc.GRPC_ARG_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH
+  http2_initial_sequence_number = grpc.GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_INITIAL_SEQUENCE_NUMBER
+  default_authority = grpc.GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY
+  primary_user_agent_string = grpc.GRPC_ARG_PRIMARY_USER_AGENT_STRING
+  secondary_user_agent_string = grpc.GRPC_ARG_SECONDARY_USER_AGENT_STRING
+  ssl_target_name_override = grpc.GRPC_SSL_TARGET_NAME_OVERRIDE_ARG
+
+
+class WriteFlag:
+  buffer_hint = grpc.GRPC_WRITE_BUFFER_HINT
+  no_compress = grpc.GRPC_WRITE_NO_COMPRESS
+
+
 class StatusCode:
   ok = grpc.GRPC_STATUS_OK
   cancelled = grpc.GRPC_STATUS_CANCELLED
@@ -88,7 +112,10 @@ cdef class Timespec:
   def __cinit__(self, time):
     if time is None:
       self.c_time = grpc.gpr_now(grpc.GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)
-    elif isinstance(time, float):
+      return
+    if isinstance(time, int):
+      time = float(time)
+    if isinstance(time, float):
       if time == float("+inf"):
         self.c_time = grpc.gpr_inf_future(grpc.GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)
       elif time == float("-inf"):
@@ -97,8 +124,11 @@ cdef class Timespec:
         self.c_time.seconds = time
         self.c_time.nanoseconds = (time - float(self.c_time.seconds)) * 1e9
         self.c_time.clock_type = grpc.GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME
+    elif isinstance(time, Timespec):
+      self.c_time = (<Timespec>time).c_time
     else:
-      raise TypeError("expected time to be float")
+      raise TypeError("expected time to be float, int, or Timespec, not {}"
+                          .format(type(time)))
 
   @property
   def seconds(self):
@@ -166,6 +196,7 @@ cdef class Event:
                 object tag, call.Call operation_call,
                 CallDetails request_call_details,
                 Metadata request_metadata,
+                bint is_new_request,
                 Operations batch_operations):
     self.type = type
     self.success = success
@@ -174,6 +205,7 @@ cdef class Event:
     self.request_call_details = request_call_details
     self.request_metadata = request_metadata
     self.batch_operations = batch_operations
+    self.is_new_request = is_new_request
 
 
 cdef class ByteBuffer:
@@ -186,8 +218,14 @@ cdef class ByteBuffer:
       pass
     elif isinstance(data, basestring):
       data = data.encode()
+    elif isinstance(data, ByteBuffer):
+      data = (<ByteBuffer>data).bytes()
+      if data is None:
+        self.c_byte_buffer = NULL
+        return
     else:
-      raise TypeError("expected value to be of type str or bytes")
+      raise TypeError("expected value to be of type str, bytes, or "
+                      "ByteBuffer, not {}".format(type(data)))
 
     cdef char *c_data = data
     data_slice = grpc.gpr_slice_from_copied_buffer(c_data, len(data))
@@ -410,12 +448,22 @@ cdef class Operation:
     return self.c_op.type
 
   @property
+  def has_status(self):
+    return self.c_op.type == grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT
+
+  @property
   def received_message(self):
     if self.c_op.type != grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE:
       raise TypeError("self must be an operation receiving a message")
     return self._received_message
 
   @property
+  def received_message_or_none(self):
+    if self.c_op.type != grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE:
+      return None
+    return self._received_message
+
+  @property
   def received_metadata(self):
     if (self.c_op.type != grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA and
         self.c_op.type != grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT):
@@ -423,12 +471,25 @@ cdef class Operation:
     return self._received_metadata
 
   @property
+  def received_metadata_or_none(self):
+    if (self.c_op.type != grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA and
+        self.c_op.type != grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT):
+      return None
+    return self._received_metadata
+
+  @property
   def received_status_code(self):
     if self.c_op.type != grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
       raise TypeError("self must be an operation receiving a status code")
     return self._received_status_code
 
   @property
+  def received_status_code_or_none(self):
+    if self.c_op.type != grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
+      return None
+    return self._received_status_code
+
+  @property
   def received_status_details(self):
     if self.c_op.type != grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
       raise TypeError("self must be an operation receiving status details")
@@ -438,12 +499,27 @@ cdef class Operation:
       return None
 
   @property
+  def received_status_details_or_none(self):
+    if self.c_op.type != grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
+      return None
+    if self._received_status_details:
+      return self._received_status_details
+    else:
+      return None
+
+  @property
   def received_cancelled(self):
     if self.c_op.type != grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER:
       raise TypeError("self must be an operation receiving cancellation "
                       "information")
     return False if self._received_cancelled == 0 else True
 
+  @property
+  def received_cancelled_or_none(self):
+    if self.c_op.type != grpc.GRPC_OP_RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER:
+      return None
+    return False if self._received_cancelled == 0 else True
+
   def __dealloc__(self):
     # We *almost* don't need to do anything; most of the objects are handled by
     # Python. The remaining one(s) are primitive fields filled in by GRPC core.
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx
index 6d20d2910c..46df8bf77f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ cdef class Server:
 
   def cancel_all_calls(self):
     if not self.is_shutting_down:
-      raise ValueError("the server must be shutting down to cancel all calls")
+      raise RuntimeError("the server must be shutting down to cancel all calls")
     elif self.is_shutdown:
       return
     else:
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/adapter_low.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/adapter_low.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4f24da330f..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/adapter_low.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-
-# Adapter from grpc._cython.types to the surface expected by
-# grpc._adapter._intermediary_low.
-#
-# TODO(atash): Once this is plugged into grpc._adapter._intermediary_low, remove
-# both grpc._adapter._intermediary_low and this file. The fore and rear links in
-# grpc._adapter should be able to use grpc._cython.types directly.
-
-from grpc._adapter import _types as type_interfaces
-from grpc._cython import cygrpc
-
-
-class ClientCredentials(object):
-  def __init__(self):
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def google_default():
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def ssl():
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def composite():
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def compute_engine():
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def jwt():
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def refresh_token():
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def iam():
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class ServerCredentials(object):
-  def __init__(self):
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def ssl():
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class CompletionQueue(type_interfaces.CompletionQueue):
-  def __init__(self):
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class Call(type_interfaces.Call):
-  def __init__(self):
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class Channel(type_interfaces.Channel):
-  def __init__(self):
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class Server(type_interfaces.Server):
-  def __init__(self):
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/cygrpc.pyx b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/cygrpc.pyx
index b20dda8a95..16ec12dac0 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/cygrpc.pyx
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/cygrpc.pyx
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ from grpc._cython._cygrpc import completion_queue
 from grpc._cython._cygrpc import records
 from grpc._cython._cygrpc import server
 
+ConnectivityState = records.ConnectivityState
+ChannelArgKey = records.ChannelArgKey
+WriteFlag = records.WriteFlag
 StatusCode = records.StatusCode
 CallError = records.CallError
 CompletionType = records.CompletionType
@@ -73,6 +76,8 @@ Operations = records.Operations
 CallCredentials = credentials.CallCredentials
 ChannelCredentials = credentials.ChannelCredentials
 ServerCredentials = credentials.ServerCredentials
+CredentialsMetadataPlugin = credentials.CredentialsMetadataPlugin
+AuthMetadataContext = credentials.AuthMetadataContext
 
 channel_credentials_google_default = (
     credentials.channel_credentials_google_default)
@@ -88,6 +93,7 @@ call_credentials_jwt_access = (
 call_credentials_refresh_token = (
     credentials.call_credentials_google_refresh_token)
 call_credentials_google_iam = credentials.call_credentials_google_iam
+call_credentials_metadata_plugin = credentials.call_credentials_metadata_plugin
 server_credentials_ssl = credentials.server_credentials_ssl
 
 CompletionQueue = completion_queue.CompletionQueue
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/invocation.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/invocation.py
index 67ef86a176..5ca0a0ee60 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/invocation.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/invocation.py
@@ -182,15 +182,15 @@ class _Kernel(object):
 
   def _on_finish_event(self, operation_id, event, rpc_state):
     _no_longer_due(_FINISH, rpc_state, operation_id, self._rpc_states)
-    if event.status.code is _intermediary_low.Code.OK:
+    if event.status.code == _intermediary_low.Code.OK:
       termination = links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION
-    elif event.status.code is _intermediary_low.Code.CANCELLED:
+    elif event.status.code == _intermediary_low.Code.CANCELLED:
       termination = links.Ticket.Termination.CANCELLATION
-    elif event.status.code is _intermediary_low.Code.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED:
+    elif event.status.code == _intermediary_low.Code.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED:
       termination = links.Ticket.Termination.EXPIRATION
-    elif event.status.code is _intermediary_low.Code.UNIMPLEMENTED:
+    elif event.status.code == _intermediary_low.Code.UNIMPLEMENTED:
       termination = links.Ticket.Termination.REMOTE_FAILURE
-    elif event.status.code is _intermediary_low.Code.UNKNOWN:
+    elif event.status.code == _intermediary_low.Code.UNKNOWN:
       termination = links.Ticket.Termination.LOCAL_FAILURE
     else:
       termination = links.Ticket.Termination.TRANSMISSION_FAILURE
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ class _Kernel(object):
         self._channel, self._completion_queue, '/%s/%s' % (group, method),
         self._host, time.time() + timeout)
     if options is not None and options.credentials is not None:
-      call.set_credentials(options.credentials._intermediary_low_credentials)
+      call.set_credentials(options.credentials._low_credentials)
     if transformed_initial_metadata is not None:
       for metadata_key, metadata_value in transformed_initial_metadata:
         call.add_metadata(metadata_key, metadata_value)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/service.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/service.py
index f56df84007..01edee6896 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/service.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/service.py
@@ -254,12 +254,12 @@ class _Kernel(object):
     rpc_state = self._rpc_states[call]
     _no_longer_due(_FINISH, rpc_state, call, self._rpc_states)
     code = event.status.code
-    if code is _intermediary_low.Code.OK:
+    if code == _intermediary_low.Code.OK:
       return
 
-    if code is _intermediary_low.Code.CANCELLED:
+    if code == _intermediary_low.Code.CANCELLED:
       termination = links.Ticket.Termination.CANCELLATION
-    elif code is _intermediary_low.Code.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED:
+    elif code == _intermediary_low.Code.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED:
       termination = links.Ticket.Termination.EXPIRATION
     else:
       termination = links.Ticket.Termination.TRANSMISSION_FAILURE
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_server.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_server.py
index 05b954d186..2b520cc7e5 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_server.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_server.py
@@ -44,6 +44,12 @@ _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 300
 _MAXIMUM_TIMEOUT = 24 * 60 * 60
 
 
+def _set_event():
+  event = threading.Event()
+  event.set()
+  return event
+
+
 class _GRPCServicer(base.Servicer):
 
   def __init__(self, delegate):
@@ -61,86 +67,143 @@ class _GRPCServicer(base.Servicer):
         raise
 
 
-def _disassemble(grpc_link, end_link, pool, event, grace):
-  grpc_link.begin_stop()
-  end_link.stop(grace).wait()
-  grpc_link.end_stop()
-  grpc_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-  end_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-  if pool is not None:
-    pool.shutdown(wait=True)
-  event.set()
+class _Server(interfaces.Server):
 
+  def __init__(
+      self, implementations, multi_implementation, pool, pool_size,
+      default_timeout, maximum_timeout, grpc_link):
+    self._lock = threading.Lock()
+    self._implementations = implementations
+    self._multi_implementation = multi_implementation
+    self._customer_pool = pool
+    self._pool_size = pool_size
+    self._default_timeout = default_timeout
+    self._maximum_timeout = maximum_timeout
+    self._grpc_link = grpc_link
 
-class Server(interfaces.Server):
+    self._end_link = None
+    self._stop_events = None
+    self._pool = None
 
-  def __init__(self, grpc_link, end_link, pool):
-    self._grpc_link = grpc_link
-    self._end_link = end_link
-    self._pool = pool
+  def _start(self):
+    with self._lock:
+      if self._end_link is not None:
+        raise ValueError('Cannot start already-started server!')
+
+      if self._customer_pool is None:
+        self._pool = logging_pool.pool(self._pool_size)
+        assembly_pool = self._pool
+      else:
+        assembly_pool = self._customer_pool
+
+      servicer = _GRPCServicer(
+          _crust_implementations.servicer(
+              self._implementations, self._multi_implementation, assembly_pool))
+
+      self._end_link = _core_implementations.service_end_link(
+          servicer, self._default_timeout, self._maximum_timeout)
+
+      self._grpc_link.join_link(self._end_link)
+      self._end_link.join_link(self._grpc_link)
+      self._grpc_link.start()
+      self._end_link.start()
+
+  def _dissociate_links_and_shut_down_pool(self):
+    self._grpc_link.end_stop()
+    self._grpc_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
+    self._end_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
+    self._end_link = None
+    if self._pool is not None:
+      self._pool.shutdown(wait=True)
+    self._pool = None
+
+  def _stop_stopping(self):
+    self._dissociate_links_and_shut_down_pool()
+    for stop_event in self._stop_events:
+      stop_event.set()
+    self._stop_events = None
+
+  def _stop_started(self):
+    self._grpc_link.begin_stop()
+    self._end_link.stop(0).wait()
+    self._dissociate_links_and_shut_down_pool()
+
+  def _foreign_thread_stop(self, end_stop_event, stop_events):
+    end_stop_event.wait()
+    with self._lock:
+      if self._stop_events is stop_events:
+        self._stop_stopping()
+
+  def _schedule_stop(self, grace):
+    with self._lock:
+      if self._end_link is None:
+        return _set_event()
+      server_stop_event = threading.Event()
+      if self._stop_events is None:
+        self._stop_events = [server_stop_event]
+        self._grpc_link.begin_stop()
+      else:
+        self._stop_events.append(server_stop_event)
+      end_stop_event = self._end_link.stop(grace)
+      end_stop_thread = threading.Thread(
+          target=self._foreign_thread_stop,
+          args=(end_stop_event, self._stop_events))
+      end_stop_thread.start()
+      return server_stop_event
+
+  def _stop_now(self):
+    with self._lock:
+      if self._end_link is not None:
+        if self._stop_events is None:
+          self._stop_started()
+        else:
+          self._stop_stopping()
 
   def add_insecure_port(self, address):
-    return self._grpc_link.add_port(address, None)
+    with self._lock:
+      if self._end_link is None:
+        return self._grpc_link.add_port(address, None)
+      else:
+        raise ValueError('Can\'t add port to serving server!')
 
   def add_secure_port(self, address, server_credentials):
-    return self._grpc_link.add_port(
-        address, server_credentials._intermediary_low_credentials)  # pylint: disable=protected-access
-
-  def _start(self):
-    self._grpc_link.join_link(self._end_link)
-    self._end_link.join_link(self._grpc_link)
-    self._grpc_link.start()
-    self._end_link.start()
-
-  def _stop(self, grace):
-    stop_event = threading.Event()
-    if 0 < grace:
-      disassembly_thread = threading.Thread(
-          target=_disassemble,
-          args=(
-              self._grpc_link, self._end_link, self._pool, stop_event, grace,))
-      disassembly_thread.start()
-      return stop_event
-    else:
-      _disassemble(self._grpc_link, self._end_link, self._pool, stop_event, 0)
-      return stop_event
+    with self._lock:
+      if self._end_link is None:
+        return self._grpc_link.add_port(
+            address, server_credentials._low_credentials)  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+      else:
+        raise ValueError('Can\'t add port to serving server!')
 
   def start(self):
     self._start()
 
   def stop(self, grace):
-    return self._stop(grace)
+    if 0 < grace:
+      return self._schedule_stop(grace)
+    else:
+      self._stop_now()
+      return _set_event()
 
   def __enter__(self):
     self._start()
     return self
 
   def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-    self._stop(0).wait()
+    self._stop_now()
     return False
 
+  def __del__(self):
+    self._stop_now()
+
 
 def server(
     implementations, multi_implementation, request_deserializers,
     response_serializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size, default_timeout,
     maximum_timeout):
-  if thread_pool is None:
-    service_thread_pool = logging_pool.pool(
-        _DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE if thread_pool_size is None else thread_pool_size)
-    assembly_thread_pool = service_thread_pool
-  else:
-    service_thread_pool = thread_pool
-    assembly_thread_pool = None
-
-  servicer = _GRPCServicer(
-      _crust_implementations.servicer(
-          implementations, multi_implementation, service_thread_pool))
-
   grpc_link = service.service_link(request_deserializers, response_serializers)
-
-  end_link = _core_implementations.service_end_link(
-      servicer,
+  return _Server(
+      implementations, multi_implementation, thread_pool,
+      _DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE if thread_pool_size is None else thread_pool_size,
       _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT if default_timeout is None else default_timeout,
-      _MAXIMUM_TIMEOUT if maximum_timeout is None else maximum_timeout)
-
-  return Server(grpc_link, end_link, assembly_thread_pool)
+      _MAXIMUM_TIMEOUT if maximum_timeout is None else maximum_timeout,
+      grpc_link)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_stub.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_stub.py
index 11dab889cd..2af019309a 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_stub.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_stub.py
@@ -42,76 +42,114 @@ _DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE = 6
 
 class _AutoIntermediary(object):
 
-  def __init__(self, delegate, on_deletion):
+  def __init__(self, up, down, delegate):
+    self._lock = threading.Lock()
+    self._up = up
+    self._down = down
+    self._in_context = False
     self._delegate = delegate
-    self._on_deletion = on_deletion
 
   def __getattr__(self, attr):
-    return getattr(self._delegate, attr)
+    with self._lock:
+      if self._delegate is None:
+        raise AttributeError('No useful attributes out of context!')
+      else:
+        return getattr(self._delegate, attr)
 
   def __enter__(self):
-    return self
+    with self._lock:
+      if self._in_context:
+        raise ValueError('Already in context!')
+      elif self._delegate is None:
+        self._delegate = self._up()
+      self._in_context = True
+      return self
 
   def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-    return False
+    with self._lock:
+      if not self._in_context:
+        raise ValueError('Not in context!')
+      self._down()
+      self._in_context = False
+      self._delegate = None
+      return False
 
   def __del__(self):
-    self._on_deletion()
+    with self._lock:
+      if self._delegate is not None:
+        self._down()
+        self._delegate = None
+
+
+class _StubAssemblyManager(object):
+
+  def __init__(
+      self, thread_pool, thread_pool_size, end_link, grpc_link, stub_creator):
+    self._thread_pool = thread_pool
+    self._pool_size = thread_pool_size
+    self._end_link = end_link
+    self._grpc_link = grpc_link
+    self._stub_creator = stub_creator
+    self._own_pool = None
+
+  def up(self):
+    if self._thread_pool is None:
+      self._own_pool = logging_pool.pool(
+          _DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE if self._pool_size is None else self._pool_size)
+      assembly_pool = self._own_pool
+    else:
+      assembly_pool = self._thread_pool
+    self._end_link.join_link(self._grpc_link)
+    self._grpc_link.join_link(self._end_link)
+    self._end_link.start()
+    self._grpc_link.start()
+    return self._stub_creator(self._end_link, assembly_pool)
+
+  def down(self):
+    self._end_link.stop(0).wait()
+    self._grpc_link.stop()
+    self._end_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
+    self._grpc_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
+    if self._own_pool is not None:
+      self._own_pool.shutdown(wait=True)
+      self._own_pool = None
 
 
 def _assemble(
     channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
-    response_deserializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size):
+    response_deserializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size, stub_creator):
   end_link = _core_implementations.invocation_end_link()
   grpc_link = invocation.invocation_link(
       channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
       response_deserializers)
-  if thread_pool is None:
-    invocation_pool = logging_pool.pool(
-        _DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE if thread_pool_size is None else thread_pool_size)
-    assembly_pool = invocation_pool
-  else:
-    invocation_pool = thread_pool
-    assembly_pool = None
-  end_link.join_link(grpc_link)
-  grpc_link.join_link(end_link)
-  end_link.start()
-  grpc_link.start()
-  return end_link, grpc_link, invocation_pool, assembly_pool
-
-
-def _disassemble(end_link, grpc_link, pool):
-  end_link.stop(24 * 60 * 60).wait()
-  grpc_link.stop()
-  end_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-  grpc_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-  if pool is not None:
-    pool.shutdown(wait=True)
-
-
-def _wrap_assembly(stub, end_link, grpc_link, assembly_pool):
-  disassembly_thread = threading.Thread(
-      target=_disassemble, args=(end_link, grpc_link, assembly_pool))
-  return _AutoIntermediary(stub, disassembly_thread.start)
+  stub_assembly_manager = _StubAssemblyManager(
+      thread_pool, thread_pool_size, end_link, grpc_link, stub_creator)
+  stub = stub_assembly_manager.up()
+  return _AutoIntermediary(
+      stub_assembly_manager.up, stub_assembly_manager.down, stub)
+
+
+def _dynamic_stub_creator(service, cardinalities):
+  def create_dynamic_stub(end_link, invocation_pool):
+    return _crust_implementations.dynamic_stub(
+        end_link, service, cardinalities, invocation_pool)
+  return create_dynamic_stub
 
 
 def generic_stub(
     channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
     response_deserializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size):
-  end_link, grpc_link, invocation_pool, assembly_pool = _assemble(
+  return _assemble(
       channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
-      response_deserializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size)
-  stub = _crust_implementations.generic_stub(end_link, invocation_pool)
-  return _wrap_assembly(stub, end_link, grpc_link, assembly_pool)
+      response_deserializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size,
+      _crust_implementations.generic_stub)
 
 
 def dynamic_stub(
     channel, host, service, cardinalities, metadata_transformer,
     request_serializers, response_deserializers, thread_pool,
     thread_pool_size):
-  end_link, grpc_link, invocation_pool, assembly_pool = _assemble(
+  return _assemble(
       channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
-      response_deserializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size)
-  stub = _crust_implementations.dynamic_stub(
-      end_link, service, cardinalities, invocation_pool)
-  return _wrap_assembly(stub, end_link, grpc_link, assembly_pool)
+      response_deserializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size,
+      _dynamic_stub_creator(service, cardinalities))
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/implementations.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/implementations.py
index c9d64ad35a..a0ca330d2c 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/implementations.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/implementations.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import threading  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 # cardinality and face are referenced from specification in this module.
 from grpc._adapter import _intermediary_low
+from grpc._adapter import _low
 from grpc._adapter import _types
 from grpc.beta import _connectivity_channel
 from grpc.beta import _server
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ _CHANNEL_SUBSCRIPTION_CALLBACK_ERROR_LOG_MESSAGE = (
     'Exception calling channel subscription callback!')
 
 
-class ClientCredentials(object):
+class ChannelCredentials(object):
   """A value encapsulating the data required to create a secure Channel.
 
   This class and its instances have no supported interface - it exists to define
@@ -56,13 +57,12 @@ class ClientCredentials(object):
   functions.
   """
 
-  def __init__(self, low_credentials, intermediary_low_credentials):
+  def __init__(self, low_credentials):
     self._low_credentials = low_credentials
-    self._intermediary_low_credentials = intermediary_low_credentials
 
 
-def ssl_client_credentials(root_certificates, private_key, certificate_chain):
-  """Creates a ClientCredentials for use with an SSL-enabled Channel.
+def ssl_channel_credentials(root_certificates, private_key, certificate_chain):
+  """Creates a ChannelCredentials for use with an SSL-enabled Channel.
 
   Args:
     root_certificates: The PEM-encoded root certificates or None to ask for
@@ -73,12 +73,73 @@ def ssl_client_credentials(root_certificates, private_key, certificate_chain):
       certificate chain should be used.
 
   Returns:
-    A ClientCredentials for use with an SSL-enabled Channel.
+    A ChannelCredentials for use with an SSL-enabled Channel.
   """
-  intermediary_low_credentials = _intermediary_low.ClientCredentials(
-      root_certificates, private_key, certificate_chain)
-  return ClientCredentials(
-      intermediary_low_credentials._internal, intermediary_low_credentials)  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+  return ChannelCredentials(_low.channel_credentials_ssl(
+      root_certificates, private_key, certificate_chain))
+
+
+class CallCredentials(object):
+  """A value encapsulating data asserting an identity over an *established*
+  channel. May be composed with ChannelCredentials to always assert identity for
+  every call over that channel.
+
+  This class and its instances have no supported interface - it exists to define
+  the type of its instances and its instances exist to be passed to other
+  functions.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, low_credentials):
+    self._low_credentials = low_credentials
+
+
+def metadata_call_credentials(metadata_plugin, name=None):
+  """Construct CallCredentials from an interfaces.GRPCAuthMetadataPlugin.
+
+  Args:
+    metadata_plugin: An interfaces.GRPCAuthMetadataPlugin to use in constructing
+      the CallCredentials object.
+
+  Returns:
+    A CallCredentials object for use in a GRPCCallOptions object.
+  """
+  if name is None:
+    name = metadata_plugin.__name__
+  return CallCredentials(
+      _low.call_credentials_metadata_plugin(metadata_plugin, name))
+
+def composite_call_credentials(call_credentials, additional_call_credentials):
+  """Compose two CallCredentials to make a new one.
+
+  Args:
+    call_credentials: A CallCredentials object.
+    additional_call_credentials: Another CallCredentials object to compose on
+      top of call_credentials.
+
+  Returns:
+    A CallCredentials object for use in a GRPCCallOptions object.
+  """
+  return CallCredentials(
+      _low.call_credentials_composite(
+          call_credentials._low_credentials,
+          additional_call_credentials._low_credentials))
+
+def composite_channel_credentials(channel_credentials,
+                                 additional_call_credentials):
+  """Compose ChannelCredentials on top of client credentials to make a new one.
+
+  Args:
+    channel_credentials: A ChannelCredentials object.
+    additional_call_credentials: A CallCredentials object to compose on
+      top of channel_credentials.
+
+  Returns:
+    A ChannelCredentials object for use in a GRPCCallOptions object.
+  """
+  return ChannelCredentials(
+      _low.channel_credentials_composite(
+          channel_credentials._low_credentials,
+          additional_call_credentials._low_credentials))
 
 
 class Channel(object):
@@ -135,19 +196,19 @@ def insecure_channel(host, port):
   return Channel(intermediary_low_channel._internal, intermediary_low_channel)  # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
 
-def secure_channel(host, port, client_credentials):
+def secure_channel(host, port, channel_credentials):
   """Creates a secure Channel to a remote host.
 
   Args:
     host: The name of the remote host to which to connect.
     port: The port of the remote host to which to connect.
-    client_credentials: A ClientCredentials.
+    channel_credentials: A ChannelCredentials.
 
   Returns:
     A secure Channel to the remote host through which RPCs may be conducted.
   """
   intermediary_low_channel = _intermediary_low.Channel(
-      '%s:%d' % (host, port), client_credentials._intermediary_low_credentials)
+      '%s:%d' % (host, port), channel_credentials._low_credentials)
   return Channel(intermediary_low_channel._internal, intermediary_low_channel)  # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
 
@@ -251,9 +312,8 @@ class ServerCredentials(object):
   functions.
   """
 
-  def __init__(self, low_credentials, intermediary_low_credentials):
+  def __init__(self, low_credentials):
     self._low_credentials = low_credentials
-    self._intermediary_low_credentials = intermediary_low_credentials
 
 
 def ssl_server_credentials(
@@ -282,11 +342,9 @@ def ssl_server_credentials(
     raise ValueError(
         'Illegal to require client auth without providing root certificates!')
   else:
-    intermediary_low_credentials = _intermediary_low.ServerCredentials(
+    return ServerCredentials(_low.server_credentials_ssl(
         root_certificates, private_key_certificate_chain_pairs,
-        require_client_auth)
-    return ServerCredentials(
-        intermediary_low_credentials._internal, intermediary_low_credentials)  # pylint: disable=protected-access
+        require_client_auth))
 
 
 class ServerOptions(object):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/interfaces.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/interfaces.py
index d4ca56500f..0663119163 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/interfaces.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/interfaces.py
@@ -100,14 +100,55 @@ def grpc_call_options(disable_compression=False, credentials=None):
     disable_compression: A boolean indicating whether or not compression should
       be disabled for the request object of the RPC. Only valid for
       request-unary RPCs.
-    credentials: Reserved for gRPC per-call credentials. The type for this does
-      not exist yet at the Python level.
+    credentials: A CallCredentials object to use for the invoked RPC.
   """
-  if credentials is not None:
-    raise ValueError('`credentials` is a reserved argument')
   return GRPCCallOptions(disable_compression, None, credentials)
 
 
+class GRPCAuthMetadataContext(object):
+  """Provides information to call credentials metadata plugins.
+
+  Attributes:
+    service_url: A string URL of the service being called into.
+    method_name: A string of the fully qualified method name being called.
+  """
+  __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
+
+
+class GRPCAuthMetadataPluginCallback(object):
+  """Callback object received by a metadata plugin."""
+  __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
+
+  def __call__(self, metadata, error):
+    """Inform the gRPC runtime of the metadata to construct a CallCredentials.
+
+    Args:
+      metadata: An iterable of 2-sequences (e.g. tuples) of metadata key/value
+        pairs.
+      error: An Exception to indicate error or None to indicate success.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class GRPCAuthMetadataPlugin(object):
+  """
+  """
+  __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
+
+  def __call__(self, context, callback):
+    """Invoke the plugin.
+
+    Must not block. Need only be called by the gRPC runtime.
+
+    Args:
+      context: A GRPCAuthMetadataContext providing information on what the
+        plugin is being used for.
+      callback: A GRPCAuthMetadataPluginCallback to be invoked either
+        synchronously or asynchronously.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
 class GRPCServicerContext(object):
   """Exposes gRPC-specific options and behaviors to code servicing RPCs."""
   __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_end.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_end.py
index 8e07d9061e..9c615672aa 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_end.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_end.py
@@ -85,35 +85,6 @@ def _future_shutdown(lock, cycle, event):
   return in_future
 
 
-def _termination_action(lock, stats, operation_id, cycle):
-  """Constructs the termination action for a single operation.
-
-  Args:
-    lock: A lock to hold during the termination action.
-    stats: A mapping from base.Outcome.Kind values to integers to increment
-      with the outcome kind given to the termination action.
-    operation_id: The operation ID for the termination action.
-    cycle: A _Cycle value to be updated during the termination action.
-
-  Returns:
-    A callable that takes an operation outcome kind as its sole parameter and
-      that should be used as the termination action for the operation
-      associated with the given operation ID.
-  """
-  def termination_action(outcome_kind):
-    with lock:
-      stats[outcome_kind] += 1
-      cycle.operations.pop(operation_id, None)
-      if not cycle.operations:
-        for action in cycle.idle_actions:
-          cycle.pool.submit(action)
-        cycle.idle_actions = []
-        if cycle.grace:
-          _cancel_futures(cycle.futures)
-          cycle.pool.shutdown(wait=False)
-  return termination_action
-
-
 class _End(End):
   """An End implementation."""
 
@@ -133,6 +104,31 @@ class _End(End):
 
     self._cycle = None
 
+  def _termination_action(self, operation_id):
+    """Constructs the termination action for a single operation.
+
+    Args:
+      operation_id: The operation ID for the termination action.
+
+    Returns:
+      A callable that takes an operation outcome kind as its sole parameter and
+        that should be used as the termination action for the operation
+        associated with the given operation ID.
+    """
+    def termination_action(outcome_kind):
+      with self._lock:
+        self._stats[outcome_kind] += 1
+        self._cycle.operations.pop(operation_id, None)
+        if not self._cycle.operations:
+          for action in self._cycle.idle_actions:
+            self._cycle.pool.submit(action)
+          self._cycle.idle_actions = []
+          if self._cycle.grace:
+            _cancel_futures(self._cycle.futures)
+            self._cycle.pool.shutdown(wait=False)
+            self._cycle = None
+    return termination_action
+
   def start(self):
     """See base.End.start for specification."""
     with self._lock:
@@ -174,8 +170,7 @@ class _End(End):
     with self._lock:
       if self._cycle is None or self._cycle.grace:
         raise ValueError('Can\'t operate on stopped or stopping End!')
-      termination_action = _termination_action(
-          self._lock, self._stats, operation_id, self._cycle)
+      termination_action = self._termination_action(operation_id)
       operation = _operation.invocation_operate(
           operation_id, group, method, subscription, timeout, protocol_options,
           initial_metadata, payload, completion, self._mate.accept_ticket,
@@ -208,8 +203,7 @@ class _End(End):
         if operation is not None:
           operation.handle_ticket(ticket)
         elif self._servicer_package is not None and not self._cycle.grace:
-          termination_action = _termination_action(
-              self._lock, self._stats, ticket.operation_id, self._cycle)
+          termination_action = self._termination_action(ticket.operation_id)
           operation = _operation.service_operate(
               self._servicer_package, ticket, self._mate.accept_ticket,
               termination_action, self._cycle.pool)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/requirements.txt b/src/python/grpcio/requirements.txt
index ee8568120b..06516ee0d7 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/requirements.txt
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/requirements.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 enum34>=1.0.4
 futures>=2.2.0
 cython>=0.23
+coverage>=4.0
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/setup.cfg b/src/python/grpcio/setup.cfg
index 8f69613632..52b6b50900 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/setup.cfg
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/setup.cfg
@@ -1,2 +1,8 @@
+[coverage:run]
+plugins = Cython.Coverage
+
 [build_ext]
 inplace=1
+
+[build_proto_modules]
+exclude=.*protoc_plugin/protoc_plugin_test\.proto$
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/setup.py b/src/python/grpcio/setup.py
index ec68eb6755..a948ca1fac 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/setup.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/setup.py
@@ -43,27 +43,23 @@ os.chdir(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 # Break import-style to ensure we can actually find our commands module.
 import commands
 
-# Use environment variables to determine whether or not the Cython extension
-# should *use* Cython or use the generated C files. Note that this requires the
-# C files to have been generated by building first *with* Cython support.
-_BUILD_WITH_CYTHON = os.environ.get('GRPC_PYTHON_BUILD_WITH_CYTHON', False)
-
-_C_EXTENSION_SOURCES = (
-    'grpc/_adapter/_c/module.c',
-    'grpc/_adapter/_c/types.c',
-    'grpc/_adapter/_c/utility.c',
-    'grpc/_adapter/_c/types/call_credentials.c',
-    'grpc/_adapter/_c/types/channel_credentials.c',
-    'grpc/_adapter/_c/types/server_credentials.c',
-    'grpc/_adapter/_c/types/completion_queue.c',
-    'grpc/_adapter/_c/types/call.c',
-    'grpc/_adapter/_c/types/channel.c',
-    'grpc/_adapter/_c/types/server.c',
-)
+# Environment variable to determine whether or not the Cython extension should
+# *use* Cython or use the generated C files. Note that this requires the C files
+# to have been generated by building first *with* Cython support.
+BUILD_WITH_CYTHON = os.environ.get('GRPC_PYTHON_BUILD_WITH_CYTHON', False)
+
+# Environment variable to determine whether or not to enable coverage analysis
+# in Cython modules.
+ENABLE_CYTHON_TRACING = os.environ.get(
+    'GRPC_PYTHON_ENABLE_CYTHON_TRACING', False)
+
+# Environment variable to determine whether or not to include the test files in
+# the installation.
+INSTALL_TESTS = os.environ.get('GRPC_PYTHON_INSTALL_TESTS', False)
 
-_CYTHON_EXTENSION_PACKAGE_NAMES = ()
+CYTHON_EXTENSION_PACKAGE_NAMES = ()
 
-_CYTHON_EXTENSION_MODULE_NAMES = (
+CYTHON_EXTENSION_MODULE_NAMES = (
     'grpc._cython.cygrpc',
     'grpc._cython._cygrpc.call',
     'grpc._cython._cygrpc.channel',
@@ -73,24 +69,16 @@ _CYTHON_EXTENSION_MODULE_NAMES = (
     'grpc._cython._cygrpc.server',
 )
 
-_EXTENSION_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES = (
+EXTENSION_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES = (
     '.',
 )
 
-_EXTENSION_LIBRARIES = (
+EXTENSION_LIBRARIES = (
     'grpc',
     'gpr',
 )
 if not "darwin" in sys.platform:
-    _EXTENSION_LIBRARIES += ('rt',)
-
-
-_C_EXTENSION_MODULE = _core.Extension(
-    'grpc._adapter._c', sources=list(_C_EXTENSION_SOURCES),
-    include_dirs=list(_EXTENSION_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES),
-    libraries=list(_EXTENSION_LIBRARIES),
-)
-_EXTENSION_MODULES = [_C_EXTENSION_MODULE]
+    EXTENSION_LIBRARIES += ('rt',)
 
 
 def cython_extensions(package_names, module_names, include_dirs, libraries,
@@ -101,48 +89,89 @@ def cython_extensions(package_names, module_names, include_dirs, libraries,
   extensions = [
       _extension.Extension(
           name=module_name, sources=[module_file],
-          include_dirs=include_dirs, libraries=libraries
+          include_dirs=include_dirs, libraries=libraries,
+          define_macros=[('CYTHON_TRACE_NOGIL', 1)] if ENABLE_CYTHON_TRACING else []
       ) for (module_name, module_file) in zip(module_names, module_files)
   ]
   if build_with_cython:
     import Cython.Build
-    return Cython.Build.cythonize(extensions)
+    return Cython.Build.cythonize(
+        extensions,
+        compiler_directives={'linetrace': bool(ENABLE_CYTHON_TRACING)})
   else:
     return extensions
 
-_CYTHON_EXTENSION_MODULES = cython_extensions(
-    list(_CYTHON_EXTENSION_PACKAGE_NAMES), list(_CYTHON_EXTENSION_MODULE_NAMES),
-    list(_EXTENSION_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES), list(_EXTENSION_LIBRARIES),
-    bool(_BUILD_WITH_CYTHON))
+CYTHON_EXTENSION_MODULES = cython_extensions(
+    list(CYTHON_EXTENSION_PACKAGE_NAMES), list(CYTHON_EXTENSION_MODULE_NAMES),
+    list(EXTENSION_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES), list(EXTENSION_LIBRARIES),
+    bool(BUILD_WITH_CYTHON))
 
-_PACKAGES = setuptools.find_packages('.')
-
-_PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES = {
+PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES = {
     '': '.',
 }
 
-_INSTALL_REQUIRES = (
+INSTALL_REQUIRES = (
     'enum34>=1.0.4',
     'futures>=2.2.0',
 )
 
-_SETUP_REQUIRES = (
+SETUP_REQUIRES = (
     'sphinx>=1.3',
-) + _INSTALL_REQUIRES
+) + INSTALL_REQUIRES
 
-_COMMAND_CLASS = {
+COMMAND_CLASS = {
     'doc': commands.SphinxDocumentation,
+    'build_proto_modules': commands.BuildProtoModules,
     'build_project_metadata': commands.BuildProjectMetadata,
     'build_py': commands.BuildPy,
+    'gather': commands.Gather,
+    'run_interop': commands.RunInterop,
+}
+
+TEST_PACKAGE_DATA = {
+    'tests.interop': [
+        'credentials/ca.pem',
+        'credentials/server1.key',
+        'credentials/server1.pem',
+    ],
+    'tests.protoc_plugin': [
+        'protoc_plugin_test.proto',
+    ],
+    'tests.unit': [
+        'credentials/ca.pem',
+        'credentials/server1.key',
+        'credentials/server1.pem',
+    ],
 }
 
+TESTS_REQUIRE = (
+    'oauth2client>=1.4.7',
+    'protobuf==3.0.0a3',
+    'coverage>=4.0',
+) + INSTALL_REQUIRES
+
+TEST_SUITE = 'tests'
+TEST_LOADER = 'tests:Loader'
+TEST_RUNNER = 'tests:Runner'
+
+PACKAGE_DATA = {}
+if INSTALL_TESTS:
+  PACKAGE_DATA = dict(PACKAGE_DATA, **TEST_PACKAGE_DATA)
+  PACKAGES = setuptools.find_packages('.')
+else:
+  PACKAGES = setuptools.find_packages('.', exclude=['tests', 'tests.*'])
+
 setuptools.setup(
     name='grpcio',
-    version='0.11.0b1',
-    ext_modules=_EXTENSION_MODULES + _CYTHON_EXTENSION_MODULES,
-    packages=list(_PACKAGES),
-    package_dir=_PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES,
-    install_requires=_INSTALL_REQUIRES,
-    setup_requires=_SETUP_REQUIRES,
-    cmdclass=_COMMAND_CLASS
+    version='0.11.0b2',
+    ext_modules=CYTHON_EXTENSION_MODULES,
+    packages=list(PACKAGES),
+    package_dir=PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES,
+    install_requires=INSTALL_REQUIRES,
+    setup_requires=SETUP_REQUIRES,
+    cmdclass=COMMAND_CLASS,
+    tests_require=TESTS_REQUIRE,
+    test_suite=TEST_SUITE,
+    test_loader=TEST_LOADER,
+    test_runner=TEST_RUNNER,
 )
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/setup.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/__init__.py
index e9ee45a92a..b76b3985a1 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/setup.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/__init__.py
@@ -27,68 +27,8 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-"""A setup module for the GRPC Python interop testing package."""
+from tests import _loader
+from tests import _runner
 
-import os
-import os.path
-
-import setuptools
-
-# Ensure we're in the proper directory whether or not we're being used by pip.
-os.chdir(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
-
-# Break import-style to ensure we can actually find our commands module.
-import commands
-
-_PACKAGES = setuptools.find_packages('.')
-
-_PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES = {
-    '': '.',
-}
-
-_PACKAGE_DATA = {
-    'grpc_interop': [
-        'credentials/ca.pem',
-        'credentials/server1.key',
-        'credentials/server1.pem',
-    ],
-    'grpc_protoc_plugin': [
-        'test.proto',
-    ],
-    'grpc_test': [
-        'credentials/ca.pem',
-        'credentials/server1.key',
-        'credentials/server1.pem',
-    ],
-}
-
-_SETUP_REQUIRES = (
-    'pytest>=2.6',
-    'pytest-cov>=2.0',
-    'pytest-xdist>=1.11',
-    'pytest-timeout>=0.5',
-)
-
-_INSTALL_REQUIRES = (
-    'oauth2client>=1.4.7',
-    'grpcio>=0.11.0b0',
-    # TODO(issue 3321): Unpin protobuf dependency.
-    'protobuf==3.0.0a3',
-)
-
-_COMMAND_CLASS = {
-    'test': commands.RunTests,
-    'build_proto_modules': commands.BuildProtoModules,
-    'build_py': commands.BuildPy,
-}
-
-setuptools.setup(
-    name='grpcio_test',
-    version='0.11.0b0',
-    packages=_PACKAGES,
-    package_dir=_PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES,
-    package_data=_PACKAGE_DATA,
-    install_requires=_INSTALL_REQUIRES + _SETUP_REQUIRES,
-    setup_requires=_SETUP_REQUIRES,
-    cmdclass=_COMMAND_CLASS,
-)
+Loader = _loader.Loader
+Runner = _runner.Runner
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/_loader.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/_loader.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6992029b5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/_loader.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import importlib
+import pkgutil
+import re
+import unittest
+
+import coverage
+
+TEST_MODULE_REGEX = r'^.*_test$'
+
+
+class Loader(object):
+  """Test loader for setuptools test suite support.
+
+  Attributes:
+    suite (unittest.TestSuite): All tests collected by the loader.
+    loader (unittest.TestLoader): Standard Python unittest loader to be ran per
+      module discovered.
+    module_matcher (re.RegexObject): A regular expression object to match
+      against module names and determine whether or not the discovered module
+      contributes to the test suite.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self):
+    self.suite = unittest.TestSuite()
+    self.loader = unittest.TestLoader()
+    self.module_matcher = re.compile(TEST_MODULE_REGEX)
+
+  def loadTestsFromNames(self, names, module=None):
+    """Function mirroring TestLoader::loadTestsFromNames, as expected by
+    setuptools.setup argument `test_loader`."""
+    # ensure that we capture decorators and definitions (else our coverage
+    # measure unnecessarily suffers)
+    coverage_context = coverage.Coverage(data_suffix=True)
+    coverage_context.start()
+    modules = [importlib.import_module(name) for name in names]
+    for module in modules:
+      self.visit_module(module)
+    for module in modules:
+      try:
+        package_paths = module.__path__
+      except:
+        continue
+      self.walk_packages(package_paths)
+    coverage_context.stop()
+    coverage_context.save()
+    return self.suite
+
+  def walk_packages(self, package_paths):
+    """Walks over the packages, dispatching `visit_module` calls.
+
+    Args:
+      package_paths (list): A list of paths over which to walk through modules
+        along.
+    """
+    for importer, module_name, is_package in (
+        pkgutil.iter_modules(package_paths)):
+      module = importer.find_module(module_name).load_module(module_name)
+      self.visit_module(module)
+      if is_package:
+        self.walk_packages(module.__path__)
+
+  def visit_module(self, module):
+    """Visits the module, adding discovered tests to the test suite.
+
+    Args:
+      module (module): Module to match against self.module_matcher; if matched
+        it has its tests loaded via self.loader into self.suite.
+    """
+    if self.module_matcher.match(module.__name__):
+      module_suite = self.loader.loadTestsFromModule(module)
+      self.suite.addTest(module_suite)
+
+
+def iterate_suite_cases(suite):
+  """Generator over all unittest.TestCases in a unittest.TestSuite.
+
+  Args:
+    suite (unittest.TestSuite): Suite to iterate over in the generator.
+
+  Returns:
+    generator: A generator over all unittest.TestCases in `suite`.
+  """
+  for item in suite:
+    if isinstance(item, unittest.TestSuite):
+      for child_item in iterate_suite_cases(item):
+        yield child_item
+    elif isinstance(item, unittest.TestCase):
+      yield item
+    else:
+      raise ValueError('unexpected suite item of type {}'.format(type(item)))
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/_result.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/_result.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a570f4279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/_result.py
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import cStringIO as StringIO
+import collections
+import itertools
+import traceback
+import unittest
+from xml.etree import ElementTree
+
+import coverage
+
+from tests import _loader
+
+
+class CaseResult(collections.namedtuple('CaseResult', [
+    'id', 'name', 'kind', 'stdout', 'stderr', 'skip_reason', 'traceback'])):
+  """A serializable result of a single test case.
+
+  Attributes:
+    id (object): Any serializable object used to denote the identity of this
+      test case.
+    name (str or None): A human-readable name of the test case.
+    kind (CaseResult.Kind): The kind of test result.
+    stdout (object or None): Output on stdout, or None if nothing was captured.
+    stderr (object or None): Output on stderr, or None if nothing was captured.
+    skip_reason (object or None): The reason the test was skipped. Must be
+      something if self.kind is CaseResult.Kind.SKIP, else None.
+    traceback (object or None): The traceback of the test. Must be something if
+      self.kind is CaseResult.Kind.{ERROR, FAILURE, EXPECTED_FAILURE}, else
+      None.
+  """
+
+  class Kind:
+    UNTESTED = 'untested'
+    RUNNING = 'running'
+    ERROR = 'error'
+    FAILURE = 'failure'
+    SUCCESS = 'success'
+    SKIP = 'skip'
+    EXPECTED_FAILURE = 'expected failure'
+    UNEXPECTED_SUCCESS = 'unexpected success'
+
+  def __new__(cls, id=None, name=None, kind=None, stdout=None, stderr=None,
+              skip_reason=None, traceback=None):
+    """Helper keyword constructor for the namedtuple.
+
+    See this class' attributes for information on the arguments."""
+    assert id is not None
+    assert name is None or isinstance(name, str)
+    if kind is CaseResult.Kind.UNTESTED:
+      pass
+    elif kind is CaseResult.Kind.RUNNING:
+      pass
+    elif kind is CaseResult.Kind.ERROR:
+      assert traceback is not None
+    elif kind is CaseResult.Kind.FAILURE:
+      assert traceback is not None
+    elif kind is CaseResult.Kind.SUCCESS:
+      pass
+    elif kind is CaseResult.Kind.SKIP:
+      assert skip_reason is not None
+    elif kind is CaseResult.Kind.EXPECTED_FAILURE:
+      assert traceback is not None
+    elif kind is CaseResult.Kind.UNEXPECTED_SUCCESS:
+      pass
+    else:
+      assert False
+    return super(cls, CaseResult).__new__(
+        cls, id, name, kind, stdout, stderr, skip_reason, traceback)
+
+  def updated(self, name=None, kind=None, stdout=None, stderr=None,
+              skip_reason=None, traceback=None):
+    """Get a new validated CaseResult with the fields updated.
+
+    See this class' attributes for information on the arguments."""
+    name = self.name if name is None else name
+    kind = self.kind if kind is None else kind
+    stdout = self.stdout if stdout is None else stdout
+    stderr = self.stderr if stderr is None else stderr
+    skip_reason = self.skip_reason if skip_reason is None else skip_reason
+    traceback = self.traceback if traceback is None else traceback
+    return CaseResult(id=self.id, name=name, kind=kind, stdout=stdout,
+                      stderr=stderr, skip_reason=skip_reason,
+                      traceback=traceback)
+
+
+class AugmentedResult(unittest.TestResult):
+  """unittest.Result that keeps track of additional information.
+
+  Uses CaseResult objects to store test-case results, providing additional
+  information beyond that of the standard Python unittest library, such as
+  standard output.
+
+  Attributes:
+    id_map (callable): A unary callable mapping unittest.TestCase objects to
+      unique identifiers.
+    cases (dict): A dictionary mapping from the identifiers returned by id_map
+      to CaseResult objects corresponding to those IDs.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, id_map):
+    """Initialize the object with an identifier mapping.
+
+    Arguments:
+      id_map (callable): Corresponds to the attribute `id_map`."""
+    super(AugmentedResult, self).__init__()
+    self.id_map = id_map
+    self.cases = None
+
+  def startTestRun(self):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.startTestRun."""
+    super(AugmentedResult, self).startTestRun()
+    self.cases = dict()
+
+  def stopTestRun(self):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.stopTestRun."""
+    super(AugmentedResult, self).stopTestRun()
+
+  def startTest(self, test):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.startTest."""
+    super(AugmentedResult, self).startTest(test)
+    case_id = self.id_map(test)
+    self.cases[case_id] = CaseResult(
+        id=case_id, name=test.id(), kind=CaseResult.Kind.RUNNING)
+
+  def addError(self, test, error):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.addError."""
+    super(AugmentedResult, self).addError(test, error)
+    case_id = self.id_map(test)
+    self.cases[case_id] = self.cases[case_id].updated(
+        kind=CaseResult.Kind.ERROR, traceback=error)
+
+  def addFailure(self, test, error):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.addFailure."""
+    super(AugmentedResult, self).addFailure(test, error)
+    case_id = self.id_map(test)
+    self.cases[case_id] = self.cases[case_id].updated(
+        kind=CaseResult.Kind.FAILURE, traceback=error)
+
+  def addSuccess(self, test):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.addSuccess."""
+    super(AugmentedResult, self).addSuccess(test)
+    case_id = self.id_map(test)
+    self.cases[case_id] = self.cases[case_id].updated(
+        kind=CaseResult.Kind.SUCCESS)
+
+  def addSkip(self, test, reason):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.addSkip."""
+    super(AugmentedResult, self).addSkip(test, reason)
+    case_id = self.id_map(test)
+    self.cases[case_id] = self.cases[case_id].updated(
+        kind=CaseResult.Kind.SKIP, skip_reason=reason)
+
+  def addExpectedFailure(self, test, error):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.addExpectedFailure."""
+    super(AugmentedResult, self).addExpectedFailure(test, error)
+    case_id = self.id_map(test)
+    self.cases[case_id] = self.cases[case_id].updated(
+        kind=CaseResult.Kind.EXPECTED_FAILURE, traceback=error)
+
+  def addUnexpectedSuccess(self, test):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.addUnexpectedSuccess."""
+    super(AugmentedResult, self).addUnexpectedSuccess(test)
+    case_id = self.id_map(test)
+    self.cases[case_id] = self.cases[case_id].updated(
+        kind=CaseResult.Kind.UNEXPECTED_SUCCESS)
+
+  def set_output(self, test, stdout, stderr):
+    """Set the output attributes for the CaseResult corresponding to a test.
+
+    Args:
+      test (unittest.TestCase): The TestCase to set the outputs of.
+      stdout (str): Output from stdout to assign to self.id_map(test).
+      stderr (str): Output from stderr to assign to self.id_map(test).
+    """
+    case_id = self.id_map(test)
+    self.cases[case_id] = self.cases[case_id].updated(
+        stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr)
+
+  def augmented_results(self, filter):
+    """Convenience method to retrieve filtered case results.
+
+    Args:
+      filter (callable): A unary predicate to filter over CaseResult objects.
+    """
+    return (self.cases[case_id] for case_id in self.cases
+            if filter(self.cases[case_id]))
+
+
+class CoverageResult(AugmentedResult):
+  """Extension to AugmentedResult adding coverage.py support per test.\
+
+  Attributes:
+    coverage_context (coverage.Coverage): coverage.py management object.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, id_map):
+    """See AugmentedResult.__init__."""
+    super(CoverageResult, self).__init__(id_map=id_map)
+    self.coverage_context = None
+
+  def startTest(self, test):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.startTest.
+
+    Additionally initializes and begins code coverage tracking."""
+    super(CoverageResult, self).startTest(test)
+    self.coverage_context = coverage.Coverage(data_suffix=True)
+    self.coverage_context.start()
+
+  def stopTest(self, test):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.stopTest.
+
+    Additionally stops and deinitializes code coverage tracking."""
+    super(CoverageResult, self).stopTest(test)
+    self.coverage_context.stop()
+    self.coverage_context.save()
+    self.coverage_context = None
+
+  def stopTestRun(self):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.stopTestRun."""
+    super(CoverageResult, self).stopTestRun()
+    # TODO(atash): Dig deeper into why the following line fails to properly
+    # combine coverage data from the Cython plugin.
+    #coverage.Coverage().combine()
+
+
+class _Colors:
+  """Namespaced constants for terminal color magic numbers."""
+  HEADER = '\033[95m'
+  INFO = '\033[94m'
+  OK = '\033[92m'
+  WARN = '\033[93m'
+  FAIL = '\033[91m'
+  BOLD = '\033[1m'
+  UNDERLINE = '\033[4m'
+  END = '\033[0m'
+
+
+class TerminalResult(CoverageResult):
+  """Extension to CoverageResult adding basic terminal reporting."""
+
+  def __init__(self, out, id_map):
+    """Initialize the result object.
+
+    Args:
+      out (file-like): Output file to which terminal-colored live results will
+        be written.
+      id_map (callable): See AugmentedResult.__init__.
+    """
+    super(TerminalResult, self).__init__(id_map=id_map)
+    self.out = out
+
+  def startTestRun(self):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.startTestRun."""
+    super(TerminalResult, self).startTestRun()
+    self.out.write(
+        _Colors.HEADER +
+        'Testing gRPC Python...\n' +
+        _Colors.END)
+
+  def stopTestRun(self):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.stopTestRun."""
+    super(TerminalResult, self).stopTestRun()
+    self.out.write(summary(self))
+    self.out.flush()
+
+  def addError(self, test, error):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.addError."""
+    super(TerminalResult, self).addError(test, error)
+    self.out.write(
+        _Colors.FAIL +
+        'ERROR         {}\n'.format(test.id()) +
+        _Colors.END)
+    self.out.flush()
+
+  def addFailure(self, test, error):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.addFailure."""
+    super(TerminalResult, self).addFailure(test, error)
+    self.out.write(
+        _Colors.FAIL +
+        'FAILURE       {}\n'.format(test.id()) +
+        _Colors.END)
+    self.out.flush()
+
+  def addSuccess(self, test):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.addSuccess."""
+    super(TerminalResult, self).addSuccess(test)
+    self.out.write(
+        _Colors.OK +
+        'SUCCESS       {}\n'.format(test.id()) +
+        _Colors.END)
+    self.out.flush()
+
+  def addSkip(self, test, reason):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.addSkip."""
+    super(TerminalResult, self).addSkip(test, reason)
+    self.out.write(
+        _Colors.INFO +
+        'SKIP          {}\n'.format(test.id()) +
+        _Colors.END)
+    self.out.flush()
+
+  def addExpectedFailure(self, test, error):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.addExpectedFailure."""
+    super(TerminalResult, self).addExpectedFailure(test, error)
+    self.out.write(
+        _Colors.INFO +
+        'FAILURE_OK    {}\n'.format(test.id()) +
+        _Colors.END)
+    self.out.flush()
+
+  def addUnexpectedSuccess(self, test):
+    """See unittest.TestResult.addUnexpectedSuccess."""
+    super(TerminalResult, self).addUnexpectedSuccess(test)
+    self.out.write(
+        _Colors.INFO +
+        'UNEXPECTED_OK {}\n'.format(test.id()) +
+        _Colors.END)
+    self.out.flush()
+
+def _traceback_string(type, value, trace):
+  """Generate a descriptive string of a Python exception traceback.
+
+  Args:
+    type (class): The type of the exception.
+    value (Exception): The value of the exception.
+    trace (traceback): Traceback of the exception.
+
+  Returns:
+    str: Formatted exception descriptive string.
+  """
+  buffer = StringIO.StringIO()
+  traceback.print_exception(type, value, trace, file=buffer)
+  return buffer.getvalue()
+
+def summary(result):
+  """A summary string of a result object.
+
+  Args:
+    result (AugmentedResult): The result object to get the summary of.
+
+  Returns:
+    str: The summary string.
+  """
+  assert isinstance(result, AugmentedResult)
+  untested = list(result.augmented_results(
+      lambda case_result: case_result.kind is CaseResult.Kind.UNTESTED))
+  running = list(result.augmented_results(
+      lambda case_result: case_result.kind is CaseResult.Kind.RUNNING))
+  failures = list(result.augmented_results(
+      lambda case_result: case_result.kind is CaseResult.Kind.FAILURE))
+  errors = list(result.augmented_results(
+      lambda case_result: case_result.kind is CaseResult.Kind.ERROR))
+  successes = list(result.augmented_results(
+      lambda case_result: case_result.kind is CaseResult.Kind.SUCCESS))
+  skips = list(result.augmented_results(
+      lambda case_result: case_result.kind is CaseResult.Kind.SKIP))
+  expected_failures = list(result.augmented_results(
+      lambda case_result: case_result.kind is CaseResult.Kind.EXPECTED_FAILURE))
+  unexpected_successes = list(result.augmented_results(
+      lambda case_result: case_result.kind is CaseResult.Kind.UNEXPECTED_SUCCESS))
+  running_names = [case.name for case in running]
+  finished_count = (len(failures) + len(errors) + len(successes) +
+                    len(expected_failures) + len(unexpected_successes))
+  statistics = (
+      '{finished} tests finished:\n'
+      '\t{successful} successful\n'
+      '\t{unsuccessful} unsuccessful\n'
+      '\t{skipped} skipped\n'
+      '\t{expected_fail} expected failures\n'
+      '\t{unexpected_successful} unexpected successes\n'
+      'Interrupted Tests:\n'
+      '\t{interrupted}\n'
+      .format(finished=finished_count,
+              successful=len(successes),
+              unsuccessful=(len(failures)+len(errors)),
+              skipped=len(skips),
+              expected_fail=len(expected_failures),
+              unexpected_successful=len(unexpected_successes),
+              interrupted=str(running_names)))
+  tracebacks = '\n\n'.join([
+      (_Colors.FAIL + '{test_name}' + _Colors.END + + '\n' +
+       _Colors.BOLD + 'traceback:' + _Colors.END + '\n' +
+       '{traceback}\n' +
+       _Colors.BOLD + 'stdout:' + _Colors.END + '\n' +
+       '{stdout}\n' +
+       _Colors.BOLD + 'stderr:' + _Colors.END + '\n' +
+       '{stderr}\n').format(
+           test_name=result.name,
+           traceback=_traceback_string(*result.traceback),
+           stdout=result.stdout, stderr=result.stderr)
+      for result in itertools.chain(failures, errors)
+  ])
+  notes = 'Unexpected successes: {}\n'.format([
+      result.name for result in unexpected_successes])
+  return statistics + '\nErrors/Failures: \n' + tracebacks + '\n' + notes
+
+
+def jenkins_junit_xml(result):
+  """An XML tree object that when written is recognizable by Jenkins.
+
+  Args:
+    result (AugmentedResult): The result object to get the junit xml output of.
+
+  Returns:
+    ElementTree.ElementTree: The XML tree.
+  """
+  assert isinstance(result, AugmentedResult)
+  root = ElementTree.Element('testsuites')
+  suite = ElementTree.SubElement(root, 'testsuite', {
+      'name': 'Python gRPC tests',
+  })
+  for case in result.cases.values():
+    if case.kind is CaseResult.Kind.SUCCESS:
+      ElementTree.SubElement(suite, 'testcase', {
+          'name': case.name,
+      })
+    elif case.kind in (CaseResult.Kind.ERROR, CaseResult.Kind.FAILURE):
+      case_xml = ElementTree.SubElement(suite, 'testcase', {
+          'name': case.name,
+      })
+      error_xml = ElementTree.SubElement(case_xml, 'error', {})
+      error_xml.text = ''.format(case.stderr, case.traceback)
+  return ElementTree.ElementTree(element=root)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/_runner.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/_runner.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f1ddb57fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/_runner.py
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import cStringIO as StringIO
+import collections
+import fcntl
+import multiprocessing
+import os
+import select
+import signal
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+import unittest
+import uuid
+
+from tests import _loader
+from tests import _result
+
+
+class CapturePipe(object):
+  """A context-manager pipe to redirect output to a byte array.
+
+  Attributes:
+    _redirect_fd (int): File descriptor of file to redirect writes from.
+    _saved_fd (int): A copy of the original value of the redirected file
+      descriptor.
+    _read_thread (threading.Thread or None): Thread upon which reads through the
+      pipe are performed. Only non-None when self is started.
+    _read_fd (int or None): File descriptor of the read end of the redirect
+      pipe. Only non-None when self is started.
+    _write_fd (int or None): File descriptor of the write end of the redirect
+      pipe. Only non-None when self is started.
+    output (bytearray or None): Redirected output from writes to the redirected
+      file descriptor. Only valid during and after self has started.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, fd):
+    self._redirect_fd = fd
+    self._saved_fd = os.dup(self._redirect_fd)
+    self._read_thread = None
+    self._read_fd = None
+    self._write_fd = None
+    self.output = None
+
+  def start(self):
+    """Start redirection of writes to the file descriptor."""
+    self._read_fd, self._write_fd = os.pipe()
+    os.dup2(self._write_fd, self._redirect_fd)
+    flags = fcntl.fcntl(self._read_fd, fcntl.F_GETFL)
+    fcntl.fcntl(self._read_fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, flags | os.O_NONBLOCK)
+    self._read_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._read)
+    self._read_thread.start()
+
+  def stop(self):
+    """Stop redirection of writes to the file descriptor."""
+    os.close(self._write_fd)
+    os.dup2(self._saved_fd, self._redirect_fd)  # auto-close self._redirect_fd
+    self._read_thread.join()
+    self._read_thread = None
+    # we waited for the read thread to finish, so _read_fd has been read and we
+    # can close it.
+    os.close(self._read_fd)
+
+  def _read(self):
+    """Read-thread target for self."""
+    self.output = bytearray()
+    while True:
+      select.select([self._read_fd], [], [])
+      read_bytes = os.read(self._read_fd, 1024)
+      if read_bytes:
+        self.output.extend(read_bytes)
+      else:
+        break
+
+  def write_bypass(self, value):
+    """Bypass the redirection and write directly to the original file.
+
+    Arguments:
+      value (str): What to write to the original file.
+    """
+    if self._saved_fd is None:
+      os.write(self._redirect_fd, value)
+    else:
+      os.write(self._saved_fd, value)
+
+  def __enter__(self):
+    self.start()
+    return self
+
+  def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
+    self.stop()
+
+  def close(self):
+    """Close any resources used by self not closed by stop()."""
+    os.close(self._saved_fd)
+
+
+class AugmentedCase(collections.namedtuple('AugmentedCase', [
+    'case', 'id'])):
+  """A test case with a guaranteed unique externally specified identifier.
+
+  Attributes:
+    case (unittest.TestCase): TestCase we're decorating with an additional
+      identifier.
+    id (object): Any identifier that may be considered 'unique' for testing
+      purposes.
+  """
+
+  def __new__(cls, case, id=None):
+    if id is None:
+      id = uuid.uuid4()
+    return super(cls, AugmentedCase).__new__(cls, case, id)
+
+
+class Runner(object):
+
+  def run(self, suite):
+    """See setuptools' test_runner setup argument for information."""
+    # Ensure that every test case has no collision with any other test case in
+    # the augmented results.
+    augmented_cases = [AugmentedCase(case, uuid.uuid4())
+                       for case in _loader.iterate_suite_cases(suite)]
+    case_id_by_case = dict((augmented_case.case, augmented_case.id)
+                           for augmented_case in augmented_cases)
+    result_out = StringIO.StringIO()
+    result = _result.TerminalResult(
+        result_out, id_map=lambda case: case_id_by_case[case])
+    stdout_pipe = CapturePipe(sys.stdout.fileno())
+    stderr_pipe = CapturePipe(sys.stderr.fileno())
+    kill_flag = [False]
+
+    def sigint_handler(signal_number, frame):
+      if signal_number == signal.SIGINT:
+        kill_flag[0] = True  # Python 2.7 not having 'local'... :-(
+      signal.signal(signal_number, signal.SIG_DFL)
+
+    def fault_handler(signal_number, frame):
+      stdout_pipe.write_bypass(
+          'Received fault signal {}\nstdout:\n{}\n\nstderr:{}\n'
+          .format(signal_number, stdout_pipe.output, stderr_pipe.output))
+      os._exit(1)
+
+    def check_kill_self():
+      if kill_flag[0]:
+        stdout_pipe.write_bypass('Stopping tests short...')
+        result.stopTestRun()
+        stdout_pipe.write_bypass(result_out.getvalue())
+        stdout_pipe.write_bypass(
+            '\ninterrupted stdout:\n{}\n'.format(stdout_pipe.output))
+        stderr_pipe.write_bypass(
+            '\ninterrupted stderr:\n{}\n'.format(stderr_pipe.output))
+        os._exit(1)
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigint_handler)
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGSEGV, fault_handler)
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGBUS, fault_handler)
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGABRT, fault_handler)
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGFPE, fault_handler)
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGILL, fault_handler)
+    # Sometimes output will lag after a test has successfully finished; we
+    # ignore such writes to our pipes.
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGPIPE, signal.SIG_IGN)
+
+    # Run the tests
+    result.startTestRun()
+    for augmented_case in augmented_cases:
+      sys.stdout.write('Running       {}\n'.format(augmented_case.case.id()))
+      sys.stdout.flush()
+      case_thread = threading.Thread(
+          target=augmented_case.case.run, args=(result,))
+      try:
+        with stdout_pipe, stderr_pipe:
+          case_thread.start()
+          while case_thread.is_alive():
+            check_kill_self()
+            time.sleep(0)
+          case_thread.join()
+      except:
+        # re-raise the exception after forcing the with-block to end
+        raise
+      result.set_output(
+          augmented_case.case, stdout_pipe.output, stderr_pipe.output)
+      sys.stdout.write(result_out.getvalue())
+      sys.stdout.flush()
+      result_out.truncate(0)
+      check_kill_self()
+    result.stopTestRun()
+    stdout_pipe.close()
+    stderr_pipe.close()
+
+    # Report results
+    sys.stdout.write(result_out.getvalue())
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL)
+    with open('report.xml', 'w') as report_xml_file:
+      _result.jenkins_junit_xml(result).write(report_xml_file)
+    return result
+
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/_insecure_interop_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/_insecure_interop_test.py
index 5007be28ff..00b49aba37 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/_insecure_interop_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/_insecure_interop_test.py
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ import unittest
 
 from grpc.beta import implementations
 
-from grpc_interop import _interop_test_case
-from grpc_interop import methods
-from grpc_interop import server
-from grpc_interop import test_pb2
+from tests.interop import _interop_test_case
+from tests.interop import methods
+from tests.interop import server
+from tests.interop import test_pb2
 
 
 class InsecureInteropTest(
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/_interop_test_case.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/_interop_test_case.py
index b6d06b300d..ccea17a66d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/_interop_test_case.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/_interop_test_case.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 """Common code for unit tests of the interoperability test code."""
 
-from grpc_interop import methods
+from tests.interop import methods
 
 
 class InteropTestCase(object):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/_secure_interop_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/_secure_interop_test.py
index 108e15b0f9..7e3061133f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/_secure_interop_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/_secure_interop_test.py
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ import unittest
 
 from grpc.beta import implementations
 
-from grpc_test.beta import test_utilities
+from tests.interop import _interop_test_case
+from tests.interop import methods
+from tests.interop import resources
+from tests.interop import test_pb2
 
-from grpc_interop import _interop_test_case
-from grpc_interop import methods
-from grpc_interop import resources
-from grpc_interop import test_pb2
+from tests.unit.beta import test_utilities
 
 _SERVER_HOST_OVERRIDE = 'foo.test.google.fr'
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class SecureInteropTest(
     self.server.start()
     self.stub = test_pb2.beta_create_TestService_stub(
         test_utilities.not_really_secure_channel(
-            '[::]', port, implementations.ssl_client_credentials(
+            '[::]', port, implementations.ssl_channel_credentials(
                 resources.test_root_certificates(), None, None),
                 _SERVER_HOST_OVERRIDE))
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/client.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/client.py
index b8d5047ca5..5c00bce014 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/client.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/client.py
@@ -34,11 +34,10 @@ from oauth2client import client as oauth2client_client
 
 from grpc.beta import implementations
 
-from grpc_test.beta import test_utilities
-
-from grpc_interop import methods
-from grpc_interop import resources
-from grpc_interop import test_pb2
+from tests.interop import methods
+from tests.interop import resources
+from tests.interop import test_pb2
+from tests.unit.beta import test_utilities
 
 _ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS = 60 * 60 * 24
 
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ def _stub(args):
 
     channel = test_utilities.not_really_secure_channel(
         args.server_host, args.server_port,
-        implementations.ssl_client_credentials(root_certificates, None, None),
+        implementations.ssl_channel_credentials(root_certificates, None, None),
         args.server_host_override)
     stub = test_pb2.beta_create_TestService_stub(
         channel, metadata_transformer=metadata_transformer)
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ def _test_case_from_arg(test_case_arg):
     raise ValueError('No test case "%s"!' % test_case_arg)
 
 
-def _test_interoperability():
+def test_interoperability():
   args = _args()
   stub = _stub(args)
   test_case = _test_case_from_arg(args.test_case)
@@ -122,4 +121,4 @@ def _test_interoperability():
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-  _test_interoperability()
+  test_interoperability()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/credentials/README b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/README
index cb20dcb49f..cb20dcb49f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/credentials/README
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/README
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/credentials/ca.pem b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/ca.pem
index 6c8511a73c..6c8511a73c 100755
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/credentials/ca.pem
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/ca.pem
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/credentials/server1.key b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/server1.key
index 143a5b8765..143a5b8765 100755
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/credentials/server1.key
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/server1.key
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/credentials/server1.pem b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/server1.pem
index f3d43fcc5b..f3d43fcc5b 100755
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/credentials/server1.pem
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/server1.pem
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/empty.proto b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/empty.proto
index 6d0eb937d6..6d0eb937d6 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/empty.proto
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/empty.proto
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/messages.proto b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/messages.proto
index 193b6c4171..193b6c4171 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/messages.proto
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/messages.proto
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/methods.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/methods.py
index 3ef8545355..b3591aef7b 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/methods.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/methods.py
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ from oauth2client import client as oauth2client_client
 from grpc.framework.common import cardinality
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
 
-from grpc_interop import empty_pb2
-from grpc_interop import messages_pb2
-from grpc_interop import test_pb2
+from tests.interop import empty_pb2
+from tests.interop import messages_pb2
+from tests.interop import test_pb2
 
 _TIMEOUT = 7
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/resources.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/resources.py
index 1122499418..1122499418 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/resources.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/resources.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/server.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/server.py
index b541087663..6dd55f008c 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/server.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/server.py
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ import time
 
 from grpc.beta import implementations
 
-from grpc_interop import methods
-from grpc_interop import resources
-from grpc_interop import test_pb2
+from tests.interop import methods
+from tests.interop import resources
+from tests.interop import test_pb2
 
 _ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS = 60 * 60 * 24
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def serve():
       time.sleep(_ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS)
   except BaseException as e:
     logging.info('Caught exception "%s"; stopping server...', e)
-    server.stop()
+    server.stop(0)
     logging.info('Server stopped; exiting.')
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/test.proto b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/test.proto
index b499813e56..9feecc0278 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_interop/test.proto
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/test.proto
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-import "grpc_interop/empty.proto";
-import "grpc_interop/messages.proto";
+import "tests/interop/empty.proto";
+import "tests/interop/messages.proto";
 
 package grpc.testing;
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_protoc_plugin/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_protoc_plugin/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_protoc_plugin/beta_python_plugin_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/beta_python_plugin_test.py
index 259b978de2..ba5b219a88 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_protoc_plugin/beta_python_plugin_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/beta_python_plugin_test.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ import unittest
 from grpc.beta import implementations
 from grpc.framework.foundation import future
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 
 # Identifiers of entities we expect to find in the generated module.
 SERVICER_IDENTIFIER = 'BetaTestServiceServicer'
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
     protoc_plugin_filename = distutils.spawn.find_executable(
         'grpc_python_plugin')
     test_proto_filename = pkg_resources.resource_filename(
-        'grpc_protoc_plugin', 'test.proto')
+        'tests.protoc_plugin', 'protoc_plugin_test.proto')
     if not os.path.isfile(protoc_command):
       # Assume that if we haven't built protoc that it's on the system.
       protoc_command = 'protoc'
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
     ]
     subprocess.check_call(' '.join(cmd), shell=True, env=os.environ,
                           cwd=os.path.dirname(test_proto_filename))
-    sys.path.append(self.outdir)
+    sys.path.insert(0, self.outdir)
 
   def tearDown(self):
     try:
@@ -245,22 +245,26 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
     except OSError as exc:
       if exc.errno != errno.ENOENT:
         raise
+    sys.path.remove(self.outdir)
 
   def testImportAttributes(self):
     # check that we can access the generated module and its members.
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     self.assertIsNotNone(getattr(test_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER, None))
     self.assertIsNotNone(getattr(test_pb2, STUB_IDENTIFIER, None))
     self.assertIsNotNone(getattr(test_pb2, SERVER_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER, None))
     self.assertIsNotNone(getattr(test_pb2, STUB_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER, None))
 
   def testUpDown(self):
-    import test_pb2
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2
+    reload(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (servicer, stub):
       request = test_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
 
   def testUnaryCall(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       request = test_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
       response = stub.UnaryCall(request, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
@@ -268,7 +272,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testUnaryCallFuture(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     request = test_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       # Check that the call does not block waiting for the server to respond.
@@ -280,7 +285,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testUnaryCallFutureExpired(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       request = test_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
       with methods.pause():
@@ -290,7 +296,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
           response_future.result()
 
   def testUnaryCallFutureCancelled(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     request = test_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       with methods.pause():
@@ -299,7 +306,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(response_future.cancelled())
 
   def testUnaryCallFutureFailed(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     request = test_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       with methods.fail():
@@ -308,7 +316,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.exception())
 
   def testStreamingOutputCall(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     request = _streaming_output_request(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       responses = stub.StreamingOutputCall(
@@ -320,7 +329,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testStreamingOutputCallExpired(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     request = _streaming_output_request(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       with methods.pause():
@@ -330,7 +340,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
           list(responses)
 
   def testStreamingOutputCallCancelled(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     request = _streaming_output_request(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (unused_methods, stub):
       responses = stub.StreamingOutputCall(
@@ -341,7 +352,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         next(responses)
 
   def testStreamingOutputCallFailed(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     request = _streaming_output_request(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       with methods.fail():
@@ -351,7 +363,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
           next(responses)
 
   def testStreamingInputCall(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       response = stub.StreamingInputCall(
           _streaming_input_request_iterator(test_pb2),
@@ -361,7 +374,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testStreamingInputCallFuture(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       with methods.pause():
         response_future = stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
@@ -373,7 +387,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testStreamingInputCallFutureExpired(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       with methods.pause():
         response_future = stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
@@ -385,7 +400,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
             response_future.exception(), face.ExpirationError)
 
   def testStreamingInputCallFutureCancelled(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       with methods.pause():
         response_future = stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
@@ -397,7 +413,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         response_future.result()
 
   def testStreamingInputCallFutureFailed(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       with methods.fail():
         response_future = stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
@@ -406,7 +423,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.exception())
 
   def testFullDuplexCall(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       responses = stub.FullDuplexCall(
           _full_duplex_request_iterator(test_pb2), test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
@@ -417,7 +435,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testFullDuplexCallExpired(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       with methods.pause():
@@ -427,7 +446,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
           list(responses)
 
   def testFullDuplexCallCancelled(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator(test_pb2)
       responses = stub.FullDuplexCall(
@@ -438,7 +458,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         next(responses)
 
   def testFullDuplexCallFailed(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       with methods.fail():
@@ -449,7 +470,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
           next(responses)
 
   def testHalfDuplexCall(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     with _CreateService(test_pb2) as (methods, stub):
       def half_duplex_request_iterator():
         request = test_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
@@ -468,7 +490,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testHalfDuplexCallWedged(self):
-    import test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    import protoc_plugin_test_pb2 as test_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
+    reload(test_pb2)
     condition = threading.Condition()
     wait_cell = [False]
     @contextlib.contextmanager
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_protoc_plugin/test.proto b/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/protoc_plugin_test.proto
index 6762a8e7f3..6762a8e7f3 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_protoc_plugin/test.proto
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/protoc_plugin_test.proto
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_adapter/.gitignore b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/.gitignore
index a6f96cd6db..a6f96cd6db 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_adapter/.gitignore
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/.gitignore
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_adapter/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_adapter/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_adapter/_intermediary_low_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_intermediary_low_test.py
index 90ad0b9bcb..a6fd82388c 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_adapter/_intermediary_low_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_intermediary_low_test.py
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ class EchoTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
   def tearDown(self):
     self.server.stop()
+    self.server.cancel_all_calls()
     self.server_completion_queue.stop()
     self.client_completion_queue.stop()
     self.server_completion_queue_thread.join()
@@ -286,11 +287,6 @@ class EchoTest(unittest.TestCase):
                         set((server_trailing_metadata_key,
                              server_trailing_binary_metadata_key,)))
 
-    server_timeout_none_event = self.server_completion_queue.get(0)
-    self.assertIsNone(server_timeout_none_event)
-    client_timeout_none_event = self.client_completion_queue.get(0)
-    self.assertIsNone(client_timeout_none_event)
-
     self.assertSequenceEqual(test_data, server_data)
     self.assertSequenceEqual(test_data, client_data)
 
@@ -335,6 +331,7 @@ class CancellationTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
   def tearDown(self):
     self.server.stop()
+    self.server.cancel_all_calls()
     self.server_completion_queue.stop()
     self.client_completion_queue.stop()
     self.server_completion_queue_thread.join()
@@ -410,14 +407,9 @@ class CancellationTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     finish_event = self.client_events.get()
     self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.FINISH, finish_event.kind)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Status(_low.Code.CANCELLED, 'Cancelled'), 
+    self.assertEqual(_low.Status(_low.Code.CANCELLED, 'Cancelled'),
                                  finish_event.status)
 
-    server_timeout_none_event = self.server_completion_queue.get(0)
-    self.assertIsNone(server_timeout_none_event)
-    client_timeout_none_event = self.client_completion_queue.get(0)
-    self.assertIsNone(client_timeout_none_event)
-
     self.assertSequenceEqual(test_data, server_data)
     self.assertSequenceEqual(test_data, client_data)
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_adapter/_low_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_low_test.py
index 8115cd0e83..ec46617996 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_adapter/_low_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_low_test.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import unittest
 from grpc import _grpcio_metadata
 from grpc._adapter import _types
 from grpc._adapter import _low
-from grpc_test import test_common
+from tests.unit import test_common
 
 
 def wait_for_events(completion_queues, deadline):
@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
     del self.client_channel
 
     self.client_completion_queue.shutdown()
-    while (self.client_completion_queue.next().type !=
+    while (self.client_completion_queue.next(float('+inf')).type !=
            _types.EventType.QUEUE_SHUTDOWN):
       pass
     self.server_completion_queue.shutdown()
-    while (self.server_completion_queue.next().type !=
+    while (self.server_completion_queue.next(float('+inf')).type !=
            _types.EventType.QUEUE_SHUTDOWN):
       pass
 
@@ -294,8 +294,12 @@ class HangingServerShutdown(unittest.TestCase):
 
     # Now try to shutdown the server and expect that we see server shutdown
     # almost immediately after calling cancel_all_calls.
+
+    # First attempt to cancel all calls before shutting down, and expect
+    # our state machine to catch the erroneous API use.
     with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
       self.server.cancel_all_calls()
+
     shutdown_tag = object()
     self.server.shutdown(shutdown_tag)
     pre_cancel_timestamp = time.time()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_adapter/_proto_scenarios.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_proto_scenarios.py
index b3d6ec8607..f55a7a23ea 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_adapter/_proto_scenarios.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_proto_scenarios.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 import abc
 import threading
 
-from grpc_test._junkdrawer import math_pb2
+from tests.unit._junkdrawer import math_pb2
 
 
 class ProtoScenario(object):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_core_over_links_base_interface_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_core_over_links_base_interface_test.py
index cafb6b6eae..efc990421a 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_core_over_links_base_interface_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_core_over_links_base_interface_test.py
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ from grpc._links import service
 from grpc.beta import interfaces as beta_interfaces
 from grpc.framework.core import implementations
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import utilities
-from grpc_test import test_common as grpc_test_common
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.base import test_cases
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.base import test_interfaces
+from tests.unit import test_common as grpc_test_common
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import test_cases
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import test_interfaces
 
 
 class _SerializationBehaviors(
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.py
index a4d4dee38c..4faaaadc2b 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.py
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ from grpc.framework.core import implementations as core_implementations
 from grpc.framework.crust import implementations as crust_implementations
 from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import utilities
-from grpc_test import test_common as grpc_test_common
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import test_cases
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces
+from tests.unit import test_common as grpc_test_common
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_cases
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces
 
 
 class _SerializationBehaviors(
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_cython/.gitignore b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/.gitignore
index c315029288..c315029288 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_cython/.gitignore
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/.gitignore
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_cython/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/__init__.py
index b89398809f..b89398809f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_cython/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_cython/cygrpc_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/cygrpc_test.py
index 1307a30ca0..876da88de9 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_cython/cygrpc_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/cygrpc_test.py
@@ -28,11 +28,24 @@
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
 import time
+import threading
 import unittest
 
 from grpc._cython import cygrpc
-from grpc_test._cython import test_utilities
-from grpc_test import test_common
+from tests.unit._cython import test_utilities
+from tests.unit import test_common
+from tests.unit import resources
+
+
+_SSL_HOST_OVERRIDE = 'foo.test.google.fr'
+_CALL_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY = 'call-creds-key'
+_CALL_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE = 'call-creds-value'
+
+def _metadata_plugin_callback(context, callback):
+  callback(cygrpc.Metadata(
+      [cygrpc.Metadatum(_CALL_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY,
+                        _CALL_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE)]),
+      cygrpc.StatusCode.ok, '')
 
 
 class TypeSmokeTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -89,7 +102,17 @@ class TypeSmokeTest(unittest.TestCase):
     channel = cygrpc.Channel('[::]:0', cygrpc.ChannelArgs([]))
     del channel
 
-  @unittest.skip('TODO(atash): undo skip after #2229 is merged')
+  def testCredentialsMetadataPluginUpDown(self):
+    plugin = cygrpc.CredentialsMetadataPlugin(
+        lambda ignored_a, ignored_b: None, '')
+    del plugin
+
+  def testCallCredentialsFromPluginUpDown(self):
+    plugin = cygrpc.CredentialsMetadataPlugin(_metadata_plugin_callback, '')
+    call_credentials = cygrpc.call_credentials_metadata_plugin(plugin)
+    del plugin
+    del call_credentials
+
   def testServerStartNoExplicitShutdown(self):
     server = cygrpc.Server()
     completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
@@ -99,7 +122,6 @@ class TypeSmokeTest(unittest.TestCase):
     server.start()
     del server
 
-  @unittest.skip('TODO(atash): undo skip after #2229 is merged')
   def testServerStartShutdown(self):
     completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
     server = cygrpc.Server()
@@ -262,5 +284,169 @@ class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
     del server_call
 
 
+class SecureServerSecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    server_credentials = cygrpc.server_credentials_ssl(
+        None, [cygrpc.SslPemKeyCertPair(resources.private_key(),
+                                        resources.certificate_chain())], False)
+    channel_credentials = cygrpc.channel_credentials_ssl(
+        resources.test_root_certificates(), None)
+    self.server_completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
+    self.server = cygrpc.Server()
+    self.server.register_completion_queue(self.server_completion_queue)
+    self.port = self.server.add_http2_port('[::]:0', server_credentials)
+    self.server.start()
+    self.client_completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
+    client_channel_arguments = cygrpc.ChannelArgs([
+        cygrpc.ChannelArg(cygrpc.ChannelArgKey.ssl_target_name_override,
+                          _SSL_HOST_OVERRIDE)])
+    self.client_channel = cygrpc.Channel(
+        'localhost:{}'.format(self.port), client_channel_arguments,
+        channel_credentials)
+
+  def tearDown(self):
+    del self.server
+    del self.client_completion_queue
+    del self.server_completion_queue
+
+  def testEcho(self):
+    DEADLINE = time.time()+5
+    DEADLINE_TOLERANCE = 0.25
+    CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_KEY = b'key'
+    CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_VALUE = b'val'
+    CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_KEY = b'key-bin'
+    CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_VALUE = b'\0'*1000
+    SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA_KEY = b'init_me_me_me'
+    SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA_VALUE = b'whodawha?'
+    SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_KEY = b'california_is_in_a_drought'
+    SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_VALUE = b'zomg it is'
+    SERVER_STATUS_CODE = cygrpc.StatusCode.ok
+    SERVER_STATUS_DETAILS = b'our work is never over'
+    REQUEST = b'in death a member of project mayhem has a name'
+    RESPONSE = b'his name is robert paulson'
+    METHOD = b'/twinkies'
+    HOST = None  # Default host
+
+    cygrpc_deadline = cygrpc.Timespec(DEADLINE)
+
+    server_request_tag = object()
+    request_call_result = self.server.request_call(
+        self.server_completion_queue, self.server_completion_queue,
+        server_request_tag)
+
+    self.assertEqual(cygrpc.CallError.ok, request_call_result)
+
+    plugin = cygrpc.CredentialsMetadataPlugin(_metadata_plugin_callback, '')
+    call_credentials = cygrpc.call_credentials_metadata_plugin(plugin)
+
+    client_call_tag = object()
+    client_call = self.client_channel.create_call(
+        None, 0, self.client_completion_queue, METHOD, HOST, cygrpc_deadline)
+    client_call.set_credentials(call_credentials)
+    client_initial_metadata = cygrpc.Metadata([
+        cygrpc.Metadatum(CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_KEY,
+                         CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_VALUE),
+        cygrpc.Metadatum(CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_KEY, CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_VALUE)])
+    client_start_batch_result = client_call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
+        cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(client_initial_metadata),
+        cygrpc.operation_send_message(REQUEST),
+        cygrpc.operation_send_close_from_client(),
+        cygrpc.operation_receive_initial_metadata(),
+        cygrpc.operation_receive_message(),
+        cygrpc.operation_receive_status_on_client()
+    ]), client_call_tag)
+    self.assertEqual(cygrpc.CallError.ok, client_start_batch_result)
+    client_event_future = test_utilities.CompletionQueuePollFuture(
+        self.client_completion_queue, cygrpc_deadline)
+
+    request_event = self.server_completion_queue.poll(cygrpc_deadline)
+    self.assertEqual(cygrpc.CompletionType.operation_complete,
+                      request_event.type)
+    self.assertIsInstance(request_event.operation_call, cygrpc.Call)
+    self.assertIs(server_request_tag, request_event.tag)
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(request_event.batch_operations))
+    client_metadata_with_credentials = list(client_initial_metadata) + [
+        (_CALL_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY, _CALL_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE)]
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(client_metadata_with_credentials,
+                                         request_event.request_metadata))
+    self.assertEqual(METHOD, request_event.request_call_details.method)
+    self.assertEqual(_SSL_HOST_OVERRIDE,
+                     request_event.request_call_details.host)
+    self.assertLess(
+        abs(DEADLINE - float(request_event.request_call_details.deadline)),
+        DEADLINE_TOLERANCE)
+
+    server_call_tag = object()
+    server_call = request_event.operation_call
+    server_initial_metadata = cygrpc.Metadata([
+        cygrpc.Metadatum(SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA_KEY,
+                         SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA_VALUE)])
+    server_trailing_metadata = cygrpc.Metadata([
+        cygrpc.Metadatum(SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_KEY,
+                         SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_VALUE)])
+    server_start_batch_result = server_call.start_batch([
+        cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(server_initial_metadata),
+        cygrpc.operation_receive_message(),
+        cygrpc.operation_send_message(RESPONSE),
+        cygrpc.operation_receive_close_on_server(),
+        cygrpc.operation_send_status_from_server(
+            server_trailing_metadata, SERVER_STATUS_CODE, SERVER_STATUS_DETAILS)
+    ], server_call_tag)
+    self.assertEqual(cygrpc.CallError.ok, server_start_batch_result)
+
+    client_event = client_event_future.result()
+    server_event = self.server_completion_queue.poll(cygrpc_deadline)
+
+    self.assertEqual(6, len(client_event.batch_operations))
+    found_client_op_types = set()
+    for client_result in client_event.batch_operations:
+      # we expect each op type to be unique
+      self.assertNotIn(client_result.type, found_client_op_types)
+      found_client_op_types.add(client_result.type)
+      if client_result.type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_initial_metadata:
+        self.assertTrue(
+            test_common.metadata_transmitted(server_initial_metadata,
+                                             client_result.received_metadata))
+      elif client_result.type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_message:
+        self.assertEqual(RESPONSE, client_result.received_message.bytes())
+      elif client_result.type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_status_on_client:
+        self.assertTrue(
+            test_common.metadata_transmitted(server_trailing_metadata,
+                                             client_result.received_metadata))
+        self.assertEqual(SERVER_STATUS_DETAILS,
+                         client_result.received_status_details)
+        self.assertEqual(SERVER_STATUS_CODE, client_result.received_status_code)
+    self.assertEqual(set([
+          cygrpc.OperationType.send_initial_metadata,
+          cygrpc.OperationType.send_message,
+          cygrpc.OperationType.send_close_from_client,
+          cygrpc.OperationType.receive_initial_metadata,
+          cygrpc.OperationType.receive_message,
+          cygrpc.OperationType.receive_status_on_client
+      ]), found_client_op_types)
+
+    self.assertEqual(5, len(server_event.batch_operations))
+    found_server_op_types = set()
+    for server_result in server_event.batch_operations:
+      self.assertNotIn(client_result.type, found_server_op_types)
+      found_server_op_types.add(server_result.type)
+      if server_result.type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_message:
+        self.assertEqual(REQUEST, server_result.received_message.bytes())
+      elif server_result.type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_close_on_server:
+        self.assertFalse(server_result.received_cancelled)
+    self.assertEqual(set([
+          cygrpc.OperationType.send_initial_metadata,
+          cygrpc.OperationType.receive_message,
+          cygrpc.OperationType.send_message,
+          cygrpc.OperationType.receive_close_on_server,
+          cygrpc.OperationType.send_status_from_server
+      ]), found_server_op_types)
+
+    del client_call
+    del server_call
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_cython/test_utilities.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/test_utilities.py
index 21ea3075b4..21ea3075b4 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_cython/test_utilities.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/test_utilities.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_junkdrawer/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_junkdrawer/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_junkdrawer/math_pb2.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/math_pb2.py
index 20165955b4..20165955b4 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_junkdrawer/math_pb2.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/math_pb2.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_junkdrawer/stock_pb2.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/stock_pb2.py
index eef18f82d6..eef18f82d6 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_junkdrawer/stock_pb2.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/stock_pb2.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_links/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_links/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_links/_lonely_invocation_link_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_lonely_invocation_link_test.py
index 8e12e8cc22..890755f81c 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_links/_lonely_invocation_link_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_lonely_invocation_link_test.py
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ import unittest
 from grpc._adapter import _intermediary_low
 from grpc._links import invocation
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.links import test_cases
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.links import test_utilities
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.links import test_cases
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.links import test_utilities
 
 _NULL_BEHAVIOR = lambda unused_argument: None
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_links/_proto_scenarios.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_proto_scenarios.py
index 0d74d66297..f69ff51b16 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_links/_proto_scenarios.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_proto_scenarios.py
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 import abc
 import threading
 
-from grpc_test._junkdrawer import math_pb2
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit._junkdrawer import math_pb2
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 
 
 class ProtoScenario(object):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_links/_transmission_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_transmission_test.py
index 77e83d5561..888684d197 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_links/_transmission_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_transmission_test.py
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ from grpc._links import invocation
 from grpc._links import service
 from grpc.beta import interfaces as beta_interfaces
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-from grpc_test import test_common
-from grpc_test._links import _proto_scenarios
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.links import test_cases
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.links import test_utilities
+from tests.unit import test_common
+from tests.unit._links import _proto_scenarios
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.links import test_cases
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.links import test_utilities
 
 _IDENTITY = lambda x: x
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/_beta_features_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_beta_features_test.py
index 5916a9e3ea..ea44177b49 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/_beta_features_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_beta_features_test.py
@@ -36,12 +36,15 @@ from grpc.beta import implementations
 from grpc.beta import interfaces
 from grpc.framework.common import cardinality
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import utilities
-from grpc_test import resources
-from grpc_test.beta import test_utilities
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit import resources
+from tests.unit.beta import test_utilities
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 
 _SERVER_HOST_OVERRIDE = 'foo.test.google.fr'
 
+_PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY = 'my-call-credentials-metadata-key'
+_PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE = 'my-call-credentials-metadata-value'
+
 _GROUP = 'group'
 _UNARY_UNARY = 'unary-unary'
 _UNARY_STREAM = 'unary-stream'
@@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ class _Servicer(object):
     with self._condition:
       self._request = request
       self._peer = context.protocol_context().peer()
+      self._invocation_metadata = context.invocation_metadata()
       context.protocol_context().disable_next_response_compression()
       self._serviced = True
       self._condition.notify_all()
@@ -72,6 +76,7 @@ class _Servicer(object):
     with self._condition:
       self._request = request
       self._peer = context.protocol_context().peer()
+      self._invocation_metadata = context.invocation_metadata()
       context.protocol_context().disable_next_response_compression()
       self._serviced = True
       self._condition.notify_all()
@@ -83,6 +88,7 @@ class _Servicer(object):
       self._request = request
     with self._condition:
       self._peer = context.protocol_context().peer()
+      self._invocation_metadata = context.invocation_metadata()
       context.protocol_context().disable_next_response_compression()
       self._serviced = True
       self._condition.notify_all()
@@ -95,6 +101,7 @@ class _Servicer(object):
         context.protocol_context().disable_next_response_compression()
         yield _RESPONSE
     with self._condition:
+      self._invocation_metadata = context.invocation_metadata()
       self._serviced = True
       self._condition.notify_all()
 
@@ -137,6 +144,11 @@ class _BlockingIterator(object):
       self._condition.notify_all()
 
 
+def _metadata_plugin(context, callback):
+  callback([(_PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY,
+             _PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE)], None)
+
+
 class BetaFeaturesTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
   def setUp(self):
@@ -167,10 +179,12 @@ class BetaFeaturesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         [(resources.private_key(), resources.certificate_chain(),),])
     port = self._server.add_secure_port('[::]:0', server_credentials)
     self._server.start()
-    self._client_credentials = implementations.ssl_client_credentials(
+    self._channel_credentials = implementations.ssl_channel_credentials(
         resources.test_root_certificates(), None, None)
+    self._call_credentials = implementations.metadata_call_credentials(
+        _metadata_plugin)
     channel = test_utilities.not_really_secure_channel(
-        'localhost', port, self._client_credentials, _SERVER_HOST_OVERRIDE)
+        'localhost', port, self._channel_credentials, _SERVER_HOST_OVERRIDE)
     stub_options = implementations.stub_options(
         thread_pool_size=test_constants.POOL_SIZE)
     self._dynamic_stub = implementations.dynamic_stub(
@@ -181,21 +195,36 @@ class BetaFeaturesTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self._server.stop(test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT).wait()
 
   def test_unary_unary(self):
-    call_options = interfaces.grpc_call_options(disable_compression=True)
+    call_options = interfaces.grpc_call_options(
+        disable_compression=True, credentials=self._call_credentials)
     response = getattr(self._dynamic_stub, _UNARY_UNARY)(
         _REQUEST, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT, protocol_options=call_options)
     self.assertEqual(_RESPONSE, response)
     self.assertIsNotNone(self._servicer.peer())
+    invocation_metadata = [(metadatum.key, metadatum.value) for metadatum in
+                           self._servicer._invocation_metadata]
+    self.assertIn(
+        (_PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY,
+         _PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE),
+        invocation_metadata)
 
   def test_unary_stream(self):
-    call_options = interfaces.grpc_call_options(disable_compression=True)
+    call_options = interfaces.grpc_call_options(
+        disable_compression=True, credentials=self._call_credentials)
     response_iterator = getattr(self._dynamic_stub, _UNARY_STREAM)(
         _REQUEST, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT, protocol_options=call_options)
     self._servicer.block_until_serviced()
     self.assertIsNotNone(self._servicer.peer())
+    invocation_metadata = [(metadatum.key, metadatum.value) for metadatum in
+                           self._servicer._invocation_metadata]
+    self.assertIn(
+        (_PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY,
+         _PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE),
+        invocation_metadata)
 
   def test_stream_unary(self):
-    call_options = interfaces.grpc_call_options()
+    call_options = interfaces.grpc_call_options(
+        credentials=self._call_credentials)
     request_iterator = _BlockingIterator(iter((_REQUEST,)))
     response_future = getattr(self._dynamic_stub, _STREAM_UNARY).future(
         request_iterator, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT,
@@ -207,9 +236,16 @@ class BetaFeaturesTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self._servicer.block_until_serviced()
     self.assertIsNotNone(self._servicer.peer())
     self.assertEqual(_RESPONSE, response_future.result())
+    invocation_metadata = [(metadatum.key, metadatum.value) for metadatum in
+                           self._servicer._invocation_metadata]
+    self.assertIn(
+        (_PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY,
+         _PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE),
+        invocation_metadata)
 
   def test_stream_stream(self):
-    call_options = interfaces.grpc_call_options()
+    call_options = interfaces.grpc_call_options(
+        credentials=self._call_credentials)
     request_iterator = _BlockingIterator(iter((_REQUEST,)))
     response_iterator = getattr(self._dynamic_stub, _STREAM_STREAM)(
         request_iterator, test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT,
@@ -222,6 +258,85 @@ class BetaFeaturesTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self._servicer.block_until_serviced()
     self.assertIsNotNone(self._servicer.peer())
     self.assertEqual(_RESPONSE, response)
+    invocation_metadata = [(metadatum.key, metadatum.value) for metadatum in
+                           self._servicer._invocation_metadata]
+    self.assertIn(
+        (_PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY,
+         _PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE),
+        invocation_metadata)
+
+
+class ContextManagementAndLifecycleTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self._servicer = _Servicer()
+    self._method_implementations = {
+        (_GROUP, _UNARY_UNARY):
+            utilities.unary_unary_inline(self._servicer.unary_unary),
+        (_GROUP, _UNARY_STREAM):
+            utilities.unary_stream_inline(self._servicer.unary_stream),
+        (_GROUP, _STREAM_UNARY):
+            utilities.stream_unary_inline(self._servicer.stream_unary),
+        (_GROUP, _STREAM_STREAM):
+            utilities.stream_stream_inline(self._servicer.stream_stream),
+    }
+
+    self._cardinalities = {
+        _UNARY_UNARY: cardinality.Cardinality.UNARY_UNARY,
+        _UNARY_STREAM: cardinality.Cardinality.UNARY_STREAM,
+        _STREAM_UNARY: cardinality.Cardinality.STREAM_UNARY,
+        _STREAM_STREAM: cardinality.Cardinality.STREAM_STREAM,
+    }
+
+    self._server_options = implementations.server_options(
+        thread_pool_size=test_constants.POOL_SIZE)
+    self._server_credentials = implementations.ssl_server_credentials(
+        [(resources.private_key(), resources.certificate_chain(),),])
+    self._channel_credentials = implementations.ssl_channel_credentials(
+        resources.test_root_certificates(), None, None)
+    self._stub_options = implementations.stub_options(
+        thread_pool_size=test_constants.POOL_SIZE)
+
+  def test_stub_context(self):
+    server = implementations.server(
+        self._method_implementations, options=self._server_options)
+    port = server.add_secure_port('[::]:0', self._server_credentials)
+    server.start()
+
+    channel = test_utilities.not_really_secure_channel(
+        'localhost', port, self._channel_credentials, _SERVER_HOST_OVERRIDE)
+    dynamic_stub = implementations.dynamic_stub(
+        channel, _GROUP, self._cardinalities, options=self._stub_options)
+    for _ in range(100):
+      with dynamic_stub:
+        pass
+    for _ in range(10):
+      with dynamic_stub:
+        call_options = interfaces.grpc_call_options(
+            disable_compression=True)
+        response = getattr(dynamic_stub, _UNARY_UNARY)(
+            _REQUEST, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT,
+            protocol_options=call_options)
+        self.assertEqual(_RESPONSE, response)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(self._servicer.peer())
+
+    server.stop(test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT).wait()
+
+  def test_server_lifecycle(self):
+    for _ in range(100):
+      server = implementations.server(
+          self._method_implementations, options=self._server_options)
+      port = server.add_secure_port('[::]:0', self._server_credentials)
+      server.start()
+      server.stop(test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT).wait()
+    for _ in range(100):
+      server = implementations.server(
+          self._method_implementations, options=self._server_options)
+      server.add_secure_port('[::]:0', self._server_credentials)
+      server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
+      with server:
+        server.stop(test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+      server.stop(test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/_connectivity_channel_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_connectivity_channel_test.py
index b3c05bdb0c..5dc8720639 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/_connectivity_channel_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_connectivity_channel_test.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ from grpc._adapter import _low
 from grpc._adapter import _types
 from grpc.beta import _connectivity_channel
 from grpc.beta import interfaces
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 
 
 def _drive_completion_queue(completion_queue):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/_face_interface_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_face_interface_test.py
index aa33e1e6f8..1c21dfd03d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/_face_interface_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_face_interface_test.py
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ import unittest
 
 from grpc.beta import implementations
 from grpc.beta import interfaces
-from grpc_test import resources
-from grpc_test import test_common as grpc_test_common
-from grpc_test.beta import test_utilities
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import test_cases
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces
+from tests.unit import resources
+from tests.unit import test_common as grpc_test_common
+from tests.unit.beta import test_utilities
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_cases
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces
 
 _SERVER_HOST_OVERRIDE = 'foo.test.google.fr'
 
@@ -91,10 +91,10 @@ class _Implementation(test_interfaces.Implementation):
         [(resources.private_key(), resources.certificate_chain(),),])
     port = server.add_secure_port('[::]:0', server_credentials)
     server.start()
-    client_credentials = implementations.ssl_client_credentials(
+    channel_credentials = implementations.ssl_channel_credentials(
         resources.test_root_certificates(), None, None)
     channel = test_utilities.not_really_secure_channel(
-        'localhost', port, client_credentials, _SERVER_HOST_OVERRIDE)
+        'localhost', port, channel_credentials, _SERVER_HOST_OVERRIDE)
     stub_options = implementations.stub_options(
         request_serializers=serialization_behaviors.request_serializers,
         response_deserializers=serialization_behaviors.response_deserializers,
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/_not_found_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_not_found_test.py
index 5feb997fef..44fcd1e13c 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/_not_found_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_not_found_test.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import unittest
 from grpc.beta import implementations
 from grpc.beta import interfaces
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 
 
 class NotFoundTest(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/_utilities_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_utilities_test.py
index 996cea9118..08ce98e751 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/_utilities_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_utilities_test.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ from grpc._adapter import _types
 from grpc.beta import implementations
 from grpc.beta import utilities
 from grpc.framework.foundation import future
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 
 
 def _drive_completion_queue(completion_queue):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/test_utilities.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/test_utilities.py
index 24a8600e12..0313e06a93 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/beta/test_utilities.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/test_utilities.py
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ from grpc.beta import implementations
 
 
 def not_really_secure_channel(
-    host, port, client_credentials, server_host_override):
+    host, port, channel_credentials, server_host_override):
   """Creates an insecure Channel to a remote host.
 
   Args:
     host: The name of the remote host to which to connect.
     port: The port of the remote host to which to connect.
-    client_credentials: The implementations.ClientCredentials with which to
+    channel_credentials: The implementations.ChannelCredentials with which to
       connect.
     server_host_override: The target name used for SSL host name checking.
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def not_really_secure_channel(
   """
   hostport = '%s:%d' % (host, port)
   intermediary_low_channel = _intermediary_low.Channel(
-      hostport, client_credentials._intermediary_low_credentials,
+      hostport, channel_credentials._low_credentials,
       server_host_override=server_host_override)
   return implementations.Channel(
       intermediary_low_channel._internal, intermediary_low_channel)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/credentials/README b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/README
index cb20dcb49f..cb20dcb49f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/credentials/README
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/README
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/credentials/ca.pem b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/ca.pem
index 6c8511a73c..6c8511a73c 100755
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/credentials/ca.pem
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/ca.pem
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/credentials/server1.key b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/server1.key
index 143a5b8765..143a5b8765 100755
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/credentials/server1.key
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/server1.key
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/credentials/server1.pem b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/server1.pem
index f3d43fcc5b..f3d43fcc5b 100755
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/credentials/server1.pem
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/server1.pem
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.py
index 30bb85f6c3..360ecc95d5 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.py
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ from grpc.framework.core import implementations as core_implementations
 from grpc.framework.crust import implementations as crust_implementations
 from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import utilities
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import test_cases
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.links import test_utilities
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_cases
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.links import test_utilities
 
 
 class _Implementation(test_interfaces.Implementation):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/common/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/common/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/common/test_constants.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/test_constants.py
index e1d3c2709d..e1d3c2709d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/common/test_constants.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/test_constants.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/common/test_control.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/test_control.py
index 8d6eba5c2c..8d6eba5c2c 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/common/test_control.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/test_control.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/common/test_coverage.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/test_coverage.py
index a7ed3582c4..a7ed3582c4 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/common/test_coverage.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/test_coverage.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/core/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/core/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/core/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/core/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/core/_base_interface_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/core/_base_interface_test.py
index 8d72f131d5..1310292306 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/core/_base_interface_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/core/_base_interface_test.py
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ import unittest
 
 from grpc.framework.core import implementations
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import utilities
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.base import test_cases
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.base import test_interfaces
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import test_cases
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import test_interfaces
 
 
 class _Implementation(test_interfaces.Implementation):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/base_util.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/base_util.py
index 1df1529b27..1df1529b27 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/base_util.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/base_util.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/blocking_invocation_inline_service_test_case.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/blocking_invocation_inline_service_test_case.py
index 251e1eb68e..0613516421 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/blocking_invocation_inline_service_test_case.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/blocking_invocation_inline_service_test_case.py
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ import abc
 import unittest  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 from grpc.framework.face import exceptions
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import control
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import coverage
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import digest
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import stock_service
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import test_case
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import control
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import coverage
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import digest
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import stock_service
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import test_case
 
 
 class BlockingInvocationInlineServiceTestCase(
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/callback.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/callback.py
index d0e63c8c56..d0e63c8c56 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/callback.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/callback.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/control.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/control.py
index 3960c4e649..3960c4e649 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/control.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/control.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/coverage.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/coverage.py
index f3aca113fe..f3aca113fe 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/coverage.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/coverage.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/digest.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/digest.py
index 54ff21779a..39f28b9657 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/digest.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/digest.py
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ from grpc.framework.face import exceptions
 from grpc.framework.face import interfaces as face_interfaces
 from grpc.framework.foundation import stream
 from grpc.framework.foundation import stream_util
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import control as testing_control  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import service as testing_service  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import control as testing_control  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import service as testing_service  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 _IDENTITY = lambda x: x
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/event_invocation_synchronous_event_service_test_case.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/event_invocation_synchronous_event_service_test_case.py
index 9df77678eb..179f3a2f67 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/event_invocation_synchronous_event_service_test_case.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/event_invocation_synchronous_event_service_test_case.py
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ import abc
 import unittest
 
 from grpc.framework.face import interfaces
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import callback as testing_callback
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import control
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import coverage
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import digest
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import stock_service
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import test_case
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import callback as testing_callback
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import control
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import coverage
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import digest
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import stock_service
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import test_case
 
 
 class EventInvocationSynchronousEventServiceTestCase(
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service_test_case.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service_test_case.py
index 70d86a0422..485524a356 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service_test_case.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service_test_case.py
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ import unittest
 from grpc.framework.face import exceptions
 from grpc.framework.foundation import future
 from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import control
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import coverage
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import digest
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import stock_service
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import test_case
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import control
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import coverage
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import digest
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import stock_service
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import test_case
 
 _MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 10
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/interfaces.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/interfaces.py
index 5932dabf1e..5932dabf1e 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/interfaces.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/interfaces.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/service.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/service.py
index ee9d6a3da3..ac0b89b6ee 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/service.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/service.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import abc
 
 # interfaces is referenced from specification in this module.
 from grpc.framework.face import interfaces as face_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import interfaces
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import interfaces
 
 
 class UnaryUnaryTestMethodImplementation(interfaces.Method):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/stock_service.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/stock_service.py
index 0f83ca4db1..117c723f79 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/stock_service.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/stock_service.py
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ from grpc.framework.common import cardinality
 from grpc.framework.foundation import abandonment
 from grpc.framework.foundation import stream
 from grpc.framework.foundation import stream_util
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import service
-from grpc_test._junkdrawer import stock_pb2
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import service
+from tests.unit._junkdrawer import stock_pb2
 
 SYMBOL_FORMAT = 'test symbol:%03d'
 STREAM_LENGTH = 400
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/test_case.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/test_case.py
index 858d5cf7fd..23d4d919c2 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/face/testing/test_case.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/face/testing/test_case.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import abc
 
 # face_interfaces and interfaces are referenced in specification in this module.
 from grpc.framework.face import interfaces as face_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from grpc_test.framework.face.testing import interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.face.testing import interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 
 class FaceTestCase(object):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/foundation/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/foundation/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/foundation/_later_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/_later_test.py
index 6c2459e185..6c2459e185 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/foundation/_later_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/_later_test.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/foundation/_logging_pool_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/_logging_pool_test.py
index 452802da6a..452802da6a 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/foundation/_logging_pool_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/_logging_pool_test.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/foundation/stream_testing.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/stream_testing.py
index 098a53d5e7..098a53d5e7 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/foundation/stream_testing.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/stream_testing.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/base/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/base/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/base/_control.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_control.py
index 46a01876d8..38102b198a 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/base/_control.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_control.py
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ import threading
 import time
 
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.base import _sequence
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.base import _state
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.base import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import _sequence
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import _state
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 _GROUP = 'base test cases test group'
 _METHOD = 'base test cases test method'
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/base/_sequence.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_sequence.py
index f547d91681..571d0e1e63 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/base/_sequence.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_sequence.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import collections
 import enum
 
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 
 
 class Invocation(
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/base/_state.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_state.py
index 21cf33aeb6..21cf33aeb6 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/base/_state.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_state.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/base/test_cases.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/test_cases.py
index ddda1018c3..4f8e26c9a2 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/base/test_cases.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/test_cases.py
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ import unittest
 from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import utilities
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.base import _control
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.base import test_interfaces
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import _control
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import test_interfaces
 
 _SYNCHRONICITY_VARIATION = (('Sync', False), ('Async', True))
 
@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@ def test_cases(implementation):
                 '_randomness': randomness,
                 '_synchronicity_variation': synchronicity_variation[1],
                 '_controller_creator': controller_creator,
+                '__module__': implementation.__module__,
                }))
 
   return test_case_classes
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/base/test_interfaces.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/test_interfaces.py
index 02426ab846..84afd24d47 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/base/test_interfaces.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/test_interfaces.py
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class Implementation(object):
 
   @abc.abstractmethod
   def service_initial_metadata(self):
-    """Provices an operation's service-side initial metadata.
+    """Provides an operation's service-side initial metadata.
 
     Returns:
       A value to use for an operation's service-side initial metadata, or
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_3069_test_constant.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_3069_test_constant.py
index 363d9ce8f1..1ea356c0bf 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_3069_test_constant.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_3069_test_constant.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 """A test constant working around issue 3069."""
 
 # test_constants is referenced from specification in this module.
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 # TODO(issue 3069): Replace uses of this constant with
 # test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT.
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_blocking_invocation_inline_service.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_blocking_invocation_inline_service.py
index 2d2a081955..3bcefa601d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_blocking_invocation_inline_service.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_blocking_invocation_inline_service.py
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ import unittest
 
 # test_interfaces is referenced from specification in this module.
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_control
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_coverage
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _3069_test_constant
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _digest
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _stock_service
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_control
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_coverage
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _3069_test_constant
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _digest
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _stock_service
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 
 class TestCase(test_coverage.Coverage, unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_digest.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_digest.py
index da56ed7b27..9304b6b1db 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_digest.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_digest.py
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ from grpc.framework.common import style
 from grpc.framework.foundation import stream
 from grpc.framework.foundation import stream_util
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_control  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _service  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_control  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _service  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 _IDENTITY = lambda x: x
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_event_invocation_synchronous_event_service.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_event_invocation_synchronous_event_service.py
index 7cb273bf78..34db6c3e55 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_event_invocation_synchronous_event_service.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_event_invocation_synchronous_event_service.py
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ import unittest
 
 # test_interfaces is referenced from specification in this module.
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_control
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_coverage
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _3069_test_constant
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _digest
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _receiver
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _stock_service
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_control
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_coverage
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _3069_test_constant
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _digest
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _receiver
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _stock_service
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 
 class TestCase(test_coverage.Coverage, unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service.py
index 3032736975..c178f2f108 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service.py
@@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ import unittest
 # test_interfaces is referenced from specification in this module.
 from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_control
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_coverage
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _3069_test_constant
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _digest
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _stock_service
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_control
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_coverage
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _3069_test_constant
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _digest
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _stock_service
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 
 class _PauseableIterator(object):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_invocation.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_invocation.py
index 448e845a08..448e845a08 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_invocation.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_invocation.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_receiver.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_receiver.py
index 2e444ff09d..2e444ff09d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_receiver.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_receiver.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_service.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_service.py
index e25b8a038c..28941e2ad0 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_service.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_service.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import abc
 
 # face is referenced from specification in this module.
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces
 
 
 class UnaryUnaryTestMethodImplementation(test_interfaces.Method):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_stock_service.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_stock_service.py
index 808e2c4e36..5299655bb3 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/_stock_service.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_stock_service.py
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@
 from grpc.framework.common import cardinality
 from grpc.framework.foundation import abandonment
 from grpc.framework.foundation import stream
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _service
-from grpc_test._junkdrawer import stock_pb2
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _service
+from tests.unit._junkdrawer import stock_pb2
 
 _STOCK_GROUP_NAME = 'Stock'
 _SYMBOL_FORMAT = 'test symbol:%03d'
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/test_cases.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/test_cases.py
index ca623662f7..462829b660 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/test_cases.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/test_cases.py
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@
 import unittest  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 # test_interfaces is referenced from specification in this module.
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _blocking_invocation_inline_service
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _event_invocation_synchronous_event_service
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import _invocation
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _blocking_invocation_inline_service
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _event_invocation_synchronous_event_service
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import _invocation
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 _TEST_CASE_SUPERCLASSES = (
     _blocking_invocation_inline_service.TestCase,
@@ -63,5 +63,7 @@ def test_cases(implementation):
       test_case_classes.append(
           type(invoker_constructor.name() + super_class.NAME, (super_class,),
                {'implementation': implementation,
-                'invoker_constructor': invoker_constructor}))
+                'invoker_constructor': invoker_constructor,
+                '__module__': implementation.__module__,
+               }))
   return test_case_classes
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/test_interfaces.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/test_interfaces.py
index b2b5c10fa6..b2b5c10fa6 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/face/test_interfaces.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/test_interfaces.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/links/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/links/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/links/test_cases.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/test_cases.py
index ecf49d9cdb..dace6c23f3 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/links/test_cases.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/test_cases.py
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ import abc
 import unittest  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-from grpc_test.framework.common import test_constants
-from grpc_test.framework.interfaces.links import test_utilities
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.links import test_utilities
 
 
 def at_least_n_payloads_received_predicate(n):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/links/test_utilities.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/test_utilities.py
index 39c7f2fc63..39c7f2fc63 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/framework/interfaces/links/test_utilities.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/test_utilities.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/resources.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/resources.py
index 2c3045313d..2c3045313d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/resources.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/resources.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/test_common.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/test_common.py
index 29431bfb9d..29431bfb9d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/test_common.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/test_common.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tox.ini b/src/python/grpcio/tox.ini
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bfb1ca0cfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/tox.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Tox (http://tox.testrun.org/) is a tool for running tests
+# in multiple virtualenvs. This configuration file will run the
+# test suite on all supported python versions. To use it, "pip install tox"
+# and then run "tox" from this directory.
+
+[tox]
+skipsdist = true
+envlist = py27
+
+[testenv]
+commands =
+    {envpython} setup.py build_py
+    {envpython} setup.py test
+    coverage combine
+    coverage html --include='grpc/*' --omit='grpc/framework/alpha/*','grpc/early_adopter/*','grpc/framework/base/*','grpc/framework/face/*','grpc/_adapter/fore.py','grpc/_adapter/rear.py'
+    coverage report --include='grpc/*' --omit='grpc/framework/alpha/*','grpc/early_adopter/*','grpc/framework/base/*','grpc/framework/face/*','grpc/_adapter/fore.py','grpc/_adapter/rear.py'
+deps =
+    -rrequirements.txt
+passenv = *
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/.gitignore b/src/python/grpcio_test/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 6158313bde..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-MANIFEST
-*.egg-info/
-build/
-dist/
-*.egg
-*.egg/
-*.eggs/
-*_pb2.py
-.coverage
-.coverage.*
-.cache/
-nosetests.xml
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/MANIFEST.in b/src/python/grpcio_test/MANIFEST.in
deleted file mode 100644
index c9327307dc..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/MANIFEST.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-graft grpc_interop
-graft grpc_test
-include commands.py
-include requirements.txt
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/commands.py b/src/python/grpcio_test/commands.py
deleted file mode 100644
index edaa2aa72d..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/commands.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Provides distutils command classes for the GRPC Python test setup process."""
-
-import distutils
-import os
-import os.path
-import subprocess
-import sys
-
-import setuptools
-from setuptools.command import build_py
-
-
-class RunTests(setuptools.Command):
-  """Command to run all tests via py.test."""
-
-  description = ''
-  user_options = [('pytest-args=', 'a', 'arguments to pass to py.test')]
-
-  def initialize_options(self):
-    self.pytest_args = []
-
-  def finalize_options(self):
-    pass
-
-  def run(self):
-    # We import here to ensure that setup.py has had a chance to install the
-    # relevant package eggs first.
-    import pytest
-
-    self.run_command('build_proto_modules')
-    result = pytest.main(self.pytest_args)
-    if result != 0:
-      raise SystemExit(result)
-
-
-class BuildProtoModules(setuptools.Command):
-  """Command to generate project *_pb2.py modules from proto files."""
-
-  description = ''
-  user_options = []
-
-  def initialize_options(self):
-    pass
-
-  def finalize_options(self):
-    self.protoc_command = distutils.spawn.find_executable('protoc')
-    self.grpc_python_plugin_command = distutils.spawn.find_executable(
-        'grpc_python_plugin')
-
-  def run(self):
-    paths = []
-    root_directory = os.getcwd()
-    for walk_root, directories, filenames in os.walk(root_directory):
-      for filename in filenames:
-        if filename.endswith('.proto'):
-          paths.append(os.path.join(walk_root, filename))
-    command = [
-        self.protoc_command,
-        '--plugin=protoc-gen-python-grpc={}'.format(
-            self.grpc_python_plugin_command),
-        '-I {}'.format(root_directory),
-        '--python_out={}'.format(root_directory),
-        '--python-grpc_out={}'.format(root_directory),
-    ] + paths
-    try:
-      subprocess.check_output(' '.join(command), cwd=root_directory, shell=True,
-                              stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-      raise Exception('{}\nOutput:\n{}'.format(e.message, e.output))
-
-
-class BuildPy(build_py.build_py):
-  """Custom project build command."""
-
-  def run(self):
-    self.run_command('build_proto_modules')
-    build_py.build_py.run(self)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_cython/adapter_low_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_cython/adapter_low_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f1bec238cf..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/_cython/adapter_low_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,187 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-# Fork of grpc._adapter._low_test; the grpc._cython.types adapter in
-# grpc._cython.low should transparently support the semantics expected of
-# grpc._adapter._low.
-
-import time
-import unittest
-
-from grpc._adapter import _types
-from grpc._cython import adapter_low as _low
-
-
-class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def setUp(self):
-    self.server_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    self.server = _low.Server(self.server_completion_queue, [])
-    self.port = self.server.add_http2_port('[::]:0')
-    self.client_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    self.client_channel = _low.Channel('localhost:%d'%self.port, [])
-
-    self.server.start()
-
-  def tearDown(self):
-    self.server.shutdown()
-    del self.client_channel
-
-    self.client_completion_queue.shutdown()
-    while (self.client_completion_queue.next().type !=
-               _types.EventType.QUEUE_SHUTDOWN):
-      pass
-    self.server_completion_queue.shutdown()
-    while (self.server_completion_queue.next().type !=
-               _types.EventType.QUEUE_SHUTDOWN):
-      pass
-
-    del self.client_completion_queue
-    del self.server_completion_queue
-    del self.server
-
-  @unittest.skip('TODO(atash): implement grpc._cython.adapter_low')
-  def testEcho(self):
-    DEADLINE = time.time()+5
-    DEADLINE_TOLERANCE = 0.25
-    CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_KEY = 'key'
-    CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_VALUE = 'val'
-    CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_KEY = 'key-bin'
-    CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_VALUE = b'\0'*1000
-    SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA_KEY = 'init_me_me_me'
-    SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA_VALUE = 'whodawha?'
-    SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_KEY = 'california_is_in_a_drought'
-    SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_VALUE = 'zomg it is'
-    SERVER_STATUS_CODE = _types.StatusCode.OK
-    SERVER_STATUS_DETAILS = 'our work is never over'
-    REQUEST = 'in death a member of project mayhem has a name'
-    RESPONSE = 'his name is robert paulson'
-    METHOD = 'twinkies'
-    HOST = 'hostess'
-    server_request_tag = object()
-    request_call_result = self.server.request_call(self.server_completion_queue,
-                                                   server_request_tag)
-
-    self.assertEqual(_types.CallError.OK, request_call_result)
-
-    client_call_tag = object()
-    client_call = self.client_channel.create_call(self.client_completion_queue,
-                                                  METHOD, HOST, DEADLINE)
-    client_initial_metadata = [
-        (CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_KEY, CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_VALUE),
-        (CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_KEY, CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_VALUE)]
-    client_start_batch_result = client_call.start_batch([
-        _types.OpArgs.send_initial_metadata(client_initial_metadata),
-        _types.OpArgs.send_message(REQUEST),
-        _types.OpArgs.send_close_from_client(),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_initial_metadata(),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_message(),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_status_on_client()
-    ], client_call_tag)
-    self.assertEqual(_types.CallError.OK, client_start_batch_result)
-
-    request_event = self.server_completion_queue.next(DEADLINE)
-    self.assertEqual(_types.EventType.OP_COMPLETE, request_event.type)
-    self.assertIsInstance(request_event.call, _low.Call)
-    self.assertIs(server_request_tag, request_event.tag)
-    self.assertEqual(1, len(request_event.results))
-    self.assertEqual(dict(client_initial_metadata),
-                      dict(request_event.results[0].initial_metadata))
-    self.assertEqual(METHOD, request_event.call_details.method)
-    self.assertEqual(HOST, request_event.call_details.host)
-    self.assertLess(abs(DEADLINE - request_event.call_details.deadline),
-                    DEADLINE_TOLERANCE)
-
-    server_call_tag = object()
-    server_call = request_event.call
-    server_initial_metadata = [
-        (SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA_KEY, SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA_VALUE)]
-    server_trailing_metadata = [
-        (SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_KEY, SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_VALUE)]
-    server_start_batch_result = server_call.start_batch([
-        _types.OpArgs.send_initial_metadata(server_initial_metadata),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_message(),
-        _types.OpArgs.send_message(RESPONSE),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_close_on_server(),
-        _types.OpArgs.send_status_from_server(
-            server_trailing_metadata, SERVER_STATUS_CODE, SERVER_STATUS_DETAILS)
-    ], server_call_tag)
-    self.assertEqual(_types.CallError.OK, server_start_batch_result)
-
-    client_event = self.client_completion_queue.next(DEADLINE)
-    server_event = self.server_completion_queue.next(DEADLINE)
-
-    self.assertEqual(6, len(client_event.results))
-    found_client_op_types = set()
-    for client_result in client_event.results:
-      # we expect each op type to be unique
-      self.assertNotIn(client_result.type, found_client_op_types)
-      found_client_op_types.add(client_result.type)
-      if client_result.type == _types.OpType.RECV_INITIAL_METADATA:
-        self.assertEqual(dict(server_initial_metadata),
-                          dict(client_result.initial_metadata))
-      elif client_result.type == _types.OpType.RECV_MESSAGE:
-        self.assertEqual(RESPONSE, client_result.message)
-      elif client_result.type == _types.OpType.RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
-        self.assertEqual(dict(server_trailing_metadata),
-                          dict(client_result.trailing_metadata))
-        self.assertEqual(SERVER_STATUS_DETAILS, client_result.status.details)
-        self.assertEqual(SERVER_STATUS_CODE, client_result.status.code)
-    self.assertEqual(set([
-          _types.OpType.SEND_INITIAL_METADATA,
-          _types.OpType.SEND_MESSAGE,
-          _types.OpType.SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT,
-          _types.OpType.RECV_INITIAL_METADATA,
-          _types.OpType.RECV_MESSAGE,
-          _types.OpType.RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT
-      ]), found_client_op_types)
-
-    self.assertEqual(5, len(server_event.results))
-    found_server_op_types = set()
-    for server_result in server_event.results:
-      self.assertNotIn(client_result.type, found_server_op_types)
-      found_server_op_types.add(server_result.type)
-      if server_result.type == _types.OpType.RECV_MESSAGE:
-        self.assertEqual(REQUEST, server_result.message)
-      elif server_result.type == _types.OpType.RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER:
-        self.assertFalse(server_result.cancelled)
-    self.assertEqual(set([
-          _types.OpType.SEND_INITIAL_METADATA,
-          _types.OpType.RECV_MESSAGE,
-          _types.OpType.SEND_MESSAGE,
-          _types.OpType.RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER,
-          _types.OpType.SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER
-      ]), found_server_op_types)
-
-    del client_call
-    del server_call
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/conftest.py b/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/conftest.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 357320ec64..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/grpc_test/conftest.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-import types
-import unittest
-
-import pytest
-
-
-class LoadTestsSuiteCollector(pytest.Collector):
-
-  def __init__(self, name, parent, suite):
-    super(LoadTestsSuiteCollector, self).__init__(name, parent=parent)
-    self.suite = suite
-    self.obj = suite
-
-  def collect(self):
-    collected = []
-    for case in self.suite:
-      if isinstance(case, unittest.TestCase):
-        collected.append(LoadTestsCase(case.id(), self, case))
-      elif isinstance(case, unittest.TestSuite):
-        collected.append(
-            LoadTestsSuiteCollector('suite_child_of_mine', self, case))
-    return collected
-
-  def reportinfo(self):
-    return str(self.suite)
-
-
-class LoadTestsCase(pytest.Function):
-
-  def __init__(self, name, parent, item):
-    super(LoadTestsCase, self).__init__(name, parent, callobj=self._item_run)
-    self.item = item
-
-  def _item_run(self):
-    result = unittest.TestResult()
-    self.item(result)
-    if result.failures:
-      test_method, trace = result.failures[0]
-      pytest.fail(trace, False)
-    elif result.errors:
-      test_method, trace = result.errors[0]
-      pytest.fail(trace, False)
-    elif result.skipped:
-      test_method, reason = result.skipped[0]
-      pytest.skip(reason)
-
-
-def pytest_pycollect_makeitem(collector, name, obj):
-  if name == 'load_tests' and isinstance(obj, types.FunctionType):
-    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
-    loader = unittest.TestLoader()
-    pattern = '*'
-    try:
-      # Check that the 'load_tests' object is actually a callable that actually
-      # accepts the arguments expected for the load_tests protocol.
-      suite = obj(loader, suite, pattern)
-    except Exception as e:
-      return None
-    else:
-      return LoadTestsSuiteCollector(name, collector, suite)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/requirements.txt b/src/python/grpcio_test/requirements.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index fea80ca07f..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/requirements.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-grpcio>=0.11.0b0
-oauth2client>=1.4.7
-protobuf>=3.0.0a3
-pytest>=2.6
-pytest-cov>=2.0
-pytest-xdist>=1.11
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_test/setup.cfg b/src/python/grpcio_test/setup.cfg
deleted file mode 100644
index 3be93cb918..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio_test/setup.cfg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[pytest]
-python_files = *_test.py