Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/grpc/grpc into yet-another-error-refcount-bug

78 files changed, 447 insertions, 206 deletions

diff --git a/test/core/bad_client/tests/head_of_line_blocking.c b/test/core/bad_client/tests/head_of_line_blocking.c
index 64cb79d82f..b0d788bf22 100644
--- a/test/core/bad_client/tests/head_of_line_blocking.c
+++ b/test/core/bad_client/tests/head_of_line_blocking.c
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ static void verifier(grpc_server *server, grpc_completion_queue *cq,
   GPR_ASSERT(payload != NULL);
 
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(payload);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/bad_client/tests/large_metadata.c b/test/core/bad_client/tests/large_metadata.c
index f672776a9f..d7a3ce9461 100644
--- a/test/core/bad_client/tests/large_metadata.c
+++ b/test/core/bad_client/tests/large_metadata.c
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ static void server_verifier(grpc_server *server, grpc_completion_queue *cq,
 
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ static void server_verifier_sends_too_much_metadata(grpc_server *server,
   grpc_slice_unref(meta.value);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/bad_client/tests/server_registered_method.c b/test/core/bad_client/tests/server_registered_method.c
index e174af5931..c5af0bae76 100644
--- a/test/core/bad_client/tests/server_registered_method.c
+++ b/test/core/bad_client/tests/server_registered_method.c
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ static void verifier_succeeds(grpc_server *server, grpc_completion_queue *cq,
   GPR_ASSERT(payload != NULL);
 
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(payload);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ static void verifier_fails(grpc_server *server, grpc_completion_queue *cq,
   GPR_ASSERT(payload == NULL);
 
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/bad_client/tests/simple_request.c b/test/core/bad_client/tests/simple_request.c
index 608b849d41..fb342f0881 100644
--- a/test/core/bad_client/tests/simple_request.c
+++ b/test/core/bad_client/tests/simple_request.c
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ static void verifier(grpc_server *server, grpc_completion_queue *cq,
 
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/bad_ssl/bad_ssl_test.c b/test/core/bad_ssl/bad_ssl_test.c
index b961ffacd7..ba5b52aa54 100644
--- a/test/core/bad_ssl/bad_ssl_test.c
+++ b/test/core/bad_ssl/bad_ssl_test.c
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ static void run_test(const char *target, size_t nops) {
 
   GPR_ASSERT(status != GRPC_STATUS_OK);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
   grpc_slice_unref(details);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv);
diff --git a/test/core/client_channel/lb_policies_test.c b/test/core/client_channel/lb_policies_test.c
index 3c8e6dd5a2..4492e6f594 100644
--- a/test/core/client_channel/lb_policies_test.c
+++ b/test/core/client_channel/lb_policies_test.c
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ static request_sequences perform_request(servers_fixture *f,
                                          "foo.test.google.fr"));
       GPR_ASSERT(was_cancelled == 1);
 
-      grpc_call_destroy(f->server_calls[s_idx]);
+      grpc_call_unref(f->server_calls[s_idx]);
 
       /* ask for the next request on this server */
       GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == grpc_server_request_call(
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ static request_sequences perform_request(servers_fixture *f,
 
     cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
-    grpc_call_destroy(c);
+    grpc_call_unref(c);
 
     for (i = 0; i < f->num_servers; i++) {
       grpc_call_details_destroy(&rdata->call_details[i]);
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ static void test_pending_calls(size_t concurrent_calls) {
   /* destroy the calls after the channel so that they are still around for the
    * LB's shutdown func to process */
   for (i = 0; i < concurrent_calls; i++) {
-    grpc_call_destroy(calls[i]);
+    grpc_call_unref(calls[i]);
   }
   gpr_free(calls);
   teardown_servers(f);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/bad_server_response_test.c b/test/core/end2end/bad_server_response_test.c
index 1537caf943..fe7e674d17 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/bad_server_response_test.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/bad_server_response_test.c
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ static void cleanup_rpc(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx) {
   grpc_event ev;
   grpc_slice_buffer_destroy_internal(exec_ctx, &state.temp_incoming_buffer);
   grpc_slice_buffer_destroy_internal(exec_ctx, &state.outgoing_buffer);
-  grpc_call_destroy(state.call);
+  grpc_call_unref(state.call);
   grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(state.cq);
   do {
     ev = grpc_completion_queue_next(state.cq, n_sec_deadline(1), NULL);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/connection_refused_test.c b/test/core/end2end/connection_refused_test.c
index 7fecadbb86..db7a6c0a8e 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/connection_refused_test.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/connection_refused_test.c
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ static void run_test(bool wait_for_ready, bool use_service_config) {
           .type != GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN)
     ;
   grpc_completion_queue_destroy(cq);
-  grpc_call_destroy(call);
+  grpc_call_unref(call);
   grpc_channel_destroy(chan);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/dualstack_socket_test.c b/test/core/end2end/dualstack_socket_test.c
index c61ea6d260..caf7828691 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/dualstack_socket_test.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/dualstack_socket_test.c
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ void test_connect(const char *server_host, const char *client_host, int port,
                grpc_slice_str_cmp(call_details.host, "foo.test.google.fr"));
     GPR_ASSERT(was_cancelled == 1);
 
-    grpc_call_destroy(s);
+    grpc_call_unref(s);
   } else {
     /* Check for a failed connection. */
     CQ_EXPECT_COMPLETION(cqv, tag(1), 1);
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ void test_connect(const char *server_host, const char *client_host, int port,
     GPR_ASSERT(status == GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE);
   }
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/fixtures/h2_ssl_cert.c b/test/core/end2end/fixtures/h2_ssl_cert.c
index 7aa0e16bf6..ba3956e8e3 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/fixtures/h2_ssl_cert.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/fixtures/h2_ssl_cert.c
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_fixture f,
   CQ_EXPECT_COMPLETION(cqv, tag(1), expected_result == SUCCESS);
   cq_verify(cqv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/fixtures/proxy.c b/test/core/end2end/fixtures/proxy.c
index b8b1e5c6c9..d660073ce6 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/fixtures/proxy.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/fixtures/proxy.c
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ void grpc_end2end_proxy_destroy(grpc_end2end_proxy *proxy) {
 
 static void unrefpc(proxy_call *pc, const char *reason) {
   if (gpr_unref(&pc->refs)) {
-    grpc_call_destroy(pc->c2p);
-    grpc_call_destroy(pc->p2s);
+    grpc_call_unref(pc->c2p);
+    grpc_call_unref(pc->p2s);
     grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&pc->c2p_initial_metadata);
     grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&pc->p2s_initial_metadata);
     grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&pc->p2s_trailing_metadata);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/fuzzers/api_fuzzer.c b/test/core/end2end/fuzzers/api_fuzzer.c
index 83c82ba5c0..88a0e301da 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/fuzzers/api_fuzzer.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/fuzzers/api_fuzzer.c
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ static void read_metadata(input_stream *inp, size_t *count,
 }
 
 static call_state *destroy_call(call_state *call) {
-  grpc_call_destroy(call->call);
+  grpc_call_unref(call->call);
   call->call = NULL;
   return maybe_delete_call_state(call);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/fuzzers/client_fuzzer.c b/test/core/end2end/fuzzers/client_fuzzer.c
index bc322e45a3..6f49baffd2 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/fuzzers/client_fuzzer.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/fuzzers/client_fuzzer.c
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ done:
     ev = grpc_completion_queue_next(cq, gpr_inf_past(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), NULL);
     GPR_ASSERT(ev.type == GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN);
   }
-  grpc_call_destroy(call);
+  grpc_call_unref(call);
   grpc_completion_queue_destroy(cq);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/fuzzers/server_fuzzer.c b/test/core/end2end/fuzzers/server_fuzzer.c
index 97b436cdf9..6d65fe1847 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/fuzzers/server_fuzzer.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/fuzzers/server_fuzzer.c
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
   }
 
 done:
-  if (call1 != NULL) grpc_call_destroy(call1);
+  if (call1 != NULL) grpc_call_unref(call1);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details1);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata1);
   grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify(server, cq, tag(0xdead));
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/gen_build_yaml.py b/test/core/end2end/gen_build_yaml.py
index d1e510d636..48e5720539 100755
--- a/test/core/end2end/gen_build_yaml.py
+++ b/test/core/end2end/gen_build_yaml.py
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ import hashlib
 
 FixtureOptions = collections.namedtuple(
     'FixtureOptions',
-    'fullstack includes_proxy dns_resolver secure platforms ci_mac tracing exclude_configs exclude_iomgrs large_writes')
+    'fullstack includes_proxy dns_resolver secure platforms ci_mac tracing exclude_configs exclude_iomgrs large_writes enables_compression')
 default_unsecure_fixture_options = FixtureOptions(
-    True, False, True, False, ['windows', 'linux', 'mac', 'posix'], True, False, [], [], True)
+    True, False, True, False, ['windows', 'linux', 'mac', 'posix'], True, False, [], [], True, False)
 socketpair_unsecure_fixture_options = default_unsecure_fixture_options._replace(fullstack=False, dns_resolver=False)
 default_secure_fixture_options = default_unsecure_fixture_options._replace(secure=True)
 uds_fixture_options = default_unsecure_fixture_options._replace(dns_resolver=False, platforms=['linux', 'mac', 'posix'], exclude_iomgrs=['uv'])
@@ -51,8 +51,7 @@ fd_unsecure_fixture_options = default_unsecure_fixture_options._replace(
 
 # maps fixture name to whether it requires the security library
 END2END_FIXTURES = {
-    'h2_compress': default_unsecure_fixture_options,
-
+    'h2_compress': default_unsecure_fixture_options._replace(enables_compression=True),
     'h2_census': default_unsecure_fixture_options,
     'h2_load_reporting': default_unsecure_fixture_options,
     'h2_fakesec': default_secure_fixture_options._replace(ci_mac=False),
@@ -83,8 +82,8 @@ END2END_FIXTURES = {
 
 TestOptions = collections.namedtuple(
     'TestOptions',
-    'needs_fullstack needs_dns proxyable secure traceable cpu_cost exclude_iomgrs large_writes flaky')
-default_test_options = TestOptions(False, False, True, False, True, 1.0, [], False, False)
+    'needs_fullstack needs_dns proxyable secure traceable cpu_cost exclude_iomgrs large_writes flaky allow_compression')
+default_test_options = TestOptions(False, False, True, False, True, 1.0, [], False, False, True)
 connectivity_test_options = default_test_options._replace(needs_fullstack=True)
 
 LOWCPU = 0.1
@@ -94,12 +93,13 @@ END2END_TESTS = {
     'authority_not_supported': default_test_options,
     'bad_hostname': default_test_options,
     'bad_ping': connectivity_test_options._replace(proxyable=False),
-    'binary_metadata': default_test_options,
+    'binary_metadata': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'resource_quota_server': default_test_options._replace(large_writes=True,
-                                                           proxyable=False),
+                                                           proxyable=False,
+                                                           allow_compression=False),
     'call_creds': default_test_options._replace(secure=True),
     'cancel_after_accept': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
-    'cancel_after_client_done': default_test_options,
+    'cancel_after_client_done': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'cancel_after_invoke': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'cancel_before_invoke': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'cancel_in_a_vacuum': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
@@ -110,46 +110,49 @@ END2END_TESTS = {
     'default_host': default_test_options._replace(needs_fullstack=True,
                                                   needs_dns=True),
     'disappearing_server': connectivity_test_options._replace(flaky=True),
-    'empty_batch': default_test_options,
-    'filter_causes_close': default_test_options,
+    'empty_batch': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
+    'filter_causes_close': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'filter_call_init_fails': default_test_options,
-    'filter_latency': default_test_options,
+    'filter_latency': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'graceful_server_shutdown': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'hpack_size': default_test_options._replace(proxyable=False,
-                                                traceable=False),
-    'high_initial_seqno': default_test_options,
+                                                traceable=False,
+                                                cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
+    'high_initial_seqno': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'idempotent_request': default_test_options,
     'invoke_large_request': default_test_options,
-    'keepalive_timeout': default_test_options._replace(proxyable=False),
+    'keepalive_timeout': default_test_options._replace(proxyable=False,
+                                                       cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'large_metadata': default_test_options,
-    'max_concurrent_streams': default_test_options._replace(proxyable=False),
-    'max_connection_age': default_test_options,
+    'max_concurrent_streams': default_test_options._replace(
+        proxyable=False, cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
+    'max_connection_age': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'max_connection_idle': connectivity_test_options._replace(
-        proxyable=False, exclude_iomgrs=['uv']),
-    'max_message_length': default_test_options,
+        proxyable=False, exclude_iomgrs=['uv'], cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
+    'max_message_length': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'negative_deadline': default_test_options,
-    'network_status_change': default_test_options,
+    'network_status_change': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'no_logging': default_test_options._replace(traceable=False),
     'no_op': default_test_options,
     'payload': default_test_options,
     'load_reporting_hook': default_test_options,
-    'ping_pong_streaming': default_test_options,
-    'ping': connectivity_test_options._replace(proxyable=False),
+    'ping_pong_streaming': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
+    'ping': connectivity_test_options._replace(proxyable=False, cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'registered_call': default_test_options,
     'request_with_flags': default_test_options._replace(
         proxyable=False, cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
-    'request_with_payload': default_test_options,
-    'server_finishes_request': default_test_options,
-    'shutdown_finishes_calls': default_test_options,
-    'shutdown_finishes_tags': default_test_options,
-    'simple_cacheable_request': default_test_options,
+    'request_with_payload': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
+    'server_finishes_request': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
+    'shutdown_finishes_calls': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
+    'shutdown_finishes_tags': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
+    'simple_cacheable_request': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'simple_delayed_request': connectivity_test_options,
     'simple_metadata': default_test_options,
     'simple_request': default_test_options,
-    'streaming_error_response': default_test_options,
+    'streaming_error_response': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
     'trailing_metadata': default_test_options,
-    'write_buffering': default_test_options,
-    'write_buffering_at_end': default_test_options,
+    'write_buffering': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
+    'write_buffering_at_end': default_test_options._replace(cpu_cost=LOWCPU),
 }
 
 
@@ -169,6 +172,9 @@ def compatible(f, t):
   if END2END_TESTS[t].large_writes:
     if not END2END_FIXTURES[f].large_writes:
       return False
+  if not END2END_TESTS[t].allow_compression:
+    if END2END_FIXTURES[f].enables_compression:
+      return False
   return True
 
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/goaway_server_test.c b/test/core/end2end/goaway_server_test.c
index a028fb7f5c..ababdb70a8 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/goaway_server_test.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/goaway_server_test.c
@@ -302,10 +302,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   CQ_EXPECT_COMPLETION(cqv, tag(0xdead2), 1);
   cq_verify(cqv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(call1);
-  grpc_call_destroy(call2);
-  grpc_call_destroy(server_call1);
-  grpc_call_destroy(server_call2);
+  grpc_call_unref(call1);
+  grpc_call_unref(call2);
+  grpc_call_unref(server_call1);
+  grpc_call_unref(server_call2);
   grpc_server_destroy(server1);
   grpc_server_destroy(server2);
   grpc_channel_destroy(chan);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/invalid_call_argument_test.c b/test/core/end2end/invalid_call_argument_test.c
index e89e59767f..e9a31f278c 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/invalid_call_argument_test.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/invalid_call_argument_test.c
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ static void prepare_test(int is_client) {
 
 static void cleanup_test() {
   grpc_completion_queue *shutdown_cq;
-  grpc_call_destroy(g_state.call);
+  grpc_call_unref(g_state.call);
   cq_verifier_destroy(g_state.cqv);
   grpc_channel_destroy(g_state.chan);
   grpc_slice_unref(g_state.details);
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ static void cleanup_test() {
 
   if (!g_state.is_client) {
     shutdown_cq = grpc_completion_queue_create_for_pluck(NULL);
-    grpc_call_destroy(g_state.server_call);
+    grpc_call_unref(g_state.server_call);
     grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify(g_state.server, shutdown_cq, tag(1000));
     GPR_ASSERT(grpc_completion_queue_pluck(shutdown_cq, tag(1000),
                                            grpc_timeout_seconds_to_deadline(5),
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/no_server_test.c b/test/core/end2end/no_server_test.c
index dd18b0c692..a479d5c868 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/no_server_test.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/no_server_test.c
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
           .type != GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN)
     ;
   grpc_completion_queue_destroy(cq);
-  grpc_call_destroy(call);
+  grpc_call_unref(call);
   grpc_channel_destroy(chan);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/authority_not_supported.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/authority_not_supported.c
index f9298f1fa7..13cda08617 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/authority_not_supported.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/authority_not_supported.c
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ static void test_with_authority_header(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/bad_hostname.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/bad_hostname.c
index 72a44d0de5..35a531cf78 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/bad_hostname.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/bad_hostname.c
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_fixture f) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/bad_ping.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/bad_ping.c
index 38cd1dfa84..0928ba60cf 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/bad_ping.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/bad_ping.c
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ static void test_bad_ping(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   CQ_EXPECT_COMPLETION(cqv, tag(0xdead), 1);
   cq_verify(cqv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   // The connection should be closed immediately after the misbehaved pings,
   // the in-progress RPC should fail.
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ static void test_bad_ping(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
   end_test(&f);
   config.tear_down_data(&f);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/binary_metadata.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/binary_metadata.c
index 2bddd053d6..3d36849400 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/binary_metadata.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/binary_metadata.c
@@ -314,8 +314,8 @@ static void test_request_response_with_metadata_and_payload(
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/call_creds.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/call_creds.c
index 9ec9701f9c..bc430e56b3 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/call_creds.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/call_creds.c
@@ -347,8 +347,8 @@ static void request_response_with_payload_and_call_creds(
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ static void test_request_with_server_rejecting_client_creds(
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(response_payload_recv);
   grpc_slice_unref(details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
   end_test(&f);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_accept.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_accept.c
index 7946865a83..e6bcd9d6a3 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_accept.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_accept.c
@@ -252,8 +252,8 @@ static void test_cancel_after_accept(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(response_payload_recv);
   grpc_slice_unref(details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   if (args != NULL) {
     grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_client_done.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_client_done.c
index 7089f3f557..d0e68354d9 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_client_done.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_client_done.c
@@ -229,8 +229,8 @@ static void test_cancel_after_accept_and_writes_closed(
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(response_payload_recv);
   grpc_slice_unref(details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
   end_test(&f);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_invoke.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_invoke.c
index f29012b86d..f2aca737ab 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_invoke.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_after_invoke.c
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ static void test_cancel_after_invoke(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(response_payload_recv);
   grpc_slice_unref(details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
   end_test(&f);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_before_invoke.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_before_invoke.c
index 1b1296dc2a..67d2e9b8ab 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_before_invoke.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_before_invoke.c
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ static void test_cancel_before_invoke(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(response_payload_recv);
   grpc_slice_unref(details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
   end_test(&f);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_in_a_vacuum.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_in_a_vacuum.c
index 4f5e496432..1235cef2dc 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_in_a_vacuum.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_in_a_vacuum.c
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ static void test_cancel_in_a_vacuum(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
 
   GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == mode.initiate_cancel(c, NULL));
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(v_client);
   end_test(&f);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_with_status.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_with_status.c
index 180748c2ae..e8259f99f1 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_with_status.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/cancel_with_status.c
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/compressed_payload.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/compressed_payload.c
index 1671ce5564..1fe8613adb 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/compressed_payload.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/compressed_payload.c
@@ -261,8 +261,8 @@ static void request_for_disabled_algorithm(
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
@@ -519,8 +519,8 @@ static void request_with_payload_template(
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/default_host.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/default_host.c
index c0ae50ec62..efd2682932 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/default_host.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/default_host.c
@@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_fixture f) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/disappearing_server.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/disappearing_server.c
index 22492c0bfc..23016f9ee5 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/disappearing_server.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/disappearing_server.c
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ static void do_request_and_shutdown_server(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 }
 
 static void disappearing_server_test(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/empty_batch.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/empty_batch.c
index fe57a6e514..d0971367a6 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/empty_batch.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/empty_batch.c
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ static void empty_batch_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   CQ_EXPECT_COMPLETION(cqv, tag(1), 1);
   cq_verify(cqv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/filter_call_init_fails.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/filter_call_init_fails.c
index 8d654d7587..3402584fd9 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/filter_call_init_fails.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/filter_call_init_fails.c
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ static void test_server_channel_filter(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ static void test_client_channel_filter(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ static void test_client_subchannel_filter(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   // Reset and create a new call.  (The first call uses a different code
   // path in client_channel.c than subsequent calls on the same channel,
   // and we need to test both.)
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
   status = GRPC_STATUS_OK;
   grpc_slice_unref(details);
   details = grpc_empty_slice();
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ static void test_client_subchannel_filter(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/filter_causes_close.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/filter_causes_close.c
index decfff3429..ede8fb49df 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/filter_causes_close.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/filter_causes_close.c
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ static void test_request(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/filter_latency.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/filter_latency.c
index e87e7339b8..7d2614a067 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/filter_latency.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/filter_latency.c
@@ -228,8 +228,8 @@ static void test_request(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/graceful_server_shutdown.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/graceful_server_shutdown.c
index efb54a4a1d..37ac33818f 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/graceful_server_shutdown.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/graceful_server_shutdown.c
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ static void test_early_server_shutdown_finishes_inflight_calls(
   CQ_EXPECT_COMPLETION(cqv, tag(1), 1);
   cq_verify(cqv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   GPR_ASSERT(status == GRPC_STATUS_UNIMPLEMENTED);
   GPR_ASSERT(0 == grpc_slice_str_cmp(call_details.method, "/foo"));
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ static void test_early_server_shutdown_finishes_inflight_calls(
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/high_initial_seqno.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/high_initial_seqno.c
index ae364fd293..893fdd6862 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/high_initial_seqno.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/high_initial_seqno.c
@@ -205,8 +205,8 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   /* TODO(ctiller): this rate limits the test, and it should be removed when
                     retry has been implemented; until then cross-thread chatter
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/hpack_size.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/hpack_size.c
index 15f5bb0240..b1db58271e 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/hpack_size.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/hpack_size.c
@@ -358,8 +358,8 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/idempotent_request.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/idempotent_request.c
index 9c1ec25855..1ea2ac4774 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/idempotent_request.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/idempotent_request.c
@@ -219,8 +219,8 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/invoke_large_request.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/invoke_large_request.c
index a437fd7fb7..a49cf4f3d7 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/invoke_large_request.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/invoke_large_request.c
@@ -258,8 +258,8 @@ static void test_invoke_large_request(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/keepalive_timeout.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/keepalive_timeout.c
index 33a409b7bc..ceefe5db8e 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/keepalive_timeout.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/keepalive_timeout.c
@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ static void test_keepalive_timeout(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/large_metadata.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/large_metadata.c
index cef03b69df..dd796889db 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/large_metadata.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/large_metadata.c
@@ -246,8 +246,8 @@ static void test_request_with_large_metadata(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/load_reporting_hook.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/load_reporting_hook.c
index c021bc07ff..5f671405c2 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/load_reporting_hook.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/load_reporting_hook.c
@@ -266,8 +266,8 @@ static void request_response_with_payload(
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/max_concurrent_streams.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/max_concurrent_streams.c
index 645701613b..8ec92e476a 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/max_concurrent_streams.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/max_concurrent_streams.c
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
@@ -433,10 +433,10 @@ static void test_max_concurrent_streams(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c1);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s1);
-  grpc_call_destroy(c2);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s2);
+  grpc_call_unref(c1);
+  grpc_call_unref(s1);
+  grpc_call_unref(c2);
+  grpc_call_unref(s2);
 
   grpc_slice_unref(details1);
   grpc_slice_unref(details2);
@@ -628,10 +628,10 @@ static void test_max_concurrent_streams_with_timeout_on_first(
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c1);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s1);
-  grpc_call_destroy(c2);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s2);
+  grpc_call_unref(c1);
+  grpc_call_unref(s1);
+  grpc_call_unref(c2);
+  grpc_call_unref(s2);
 
   grpc_slice_unref(details1);
   grpc_slice_unref(details2);
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ static void test_max_concurrent_streams_with_timeout_on_second(
 
   /* second request is finished because of time out, so destroy the second call
    */
-  grpc_call_destroy(c2);
+  grpc_call_unref(c2);
 
   /* now reply the first call */
   memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
@@ -821,8 +821,8 @@ static void test_max_concurrent_streams_with_timeout_on_second(
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c1);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s1);
+  grpc_call_unref(c1);
+  grpc_call_unref(s1);
 
   grpc_slice_unref(details1);
   grpc_slice_unref(details2);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/max_connection_age.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/max_connection_age.c
index 7b41fa597b..c470dcda69 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/max_connection_age.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/max_connection_age.c
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ static void test_max_age_forcibly_close(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   CQ_EXPECT_COMPLETION(cqv, tag(0xdead), true);
   cq_verify(cqv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   /* The connection should be closed immediately after the max age grace period,
      the in-progress RPC should fail. */
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ static void test_max_age_forcibly_close(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
   end_test(&f);
   config.tear_down_data(&f);
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ static void test_max_age_gracefully_close(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   CQ_EXPECT_COMPLETION(cqv, tag(0xdead), true);
   cq_verify(cqv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   /* The connection is closed gracefully with goaway, the rpc should still be
      completed. */
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ static void test_max_age_gracefully_close(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
   end_test(&f);
   config.tear_down_data(&f);
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/max_connection_idle.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/max_connection_idle.c
index ceb02947fe..488d945123 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/max_connection_idle.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/max_connection_idle.c
@@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/max_message_length.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/max_message_length.c
index 224c1cd833..f65edab865 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/max_message_length.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/max_message_length.c
@@ -289,8 +289,8 @@ done:
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(request_payload);
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(recv_payload);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  if (s != NULL) grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  if (s != NULL) grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
@@ -483,8 +483,8 @@ static void test_max_message_length_on_response(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(response_payload);
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(recv_payload);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  if (s != NULL) grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  if (s != NULL) grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/negative_deadline.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/negative_deadline.c
index 52c1a72bbf..113b650a97 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/negative_deadline.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/negative_deadline.c
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/network_status_change.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/network_status_change.c
index a810489bf2..1ea4be81b1 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/network_status_change.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/network_status_change.c
@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@ static void test_invoke_network_status_change(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/no_logging.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/no_logging.c
index 44e8188059..17b6886f2c 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/no_logging.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/no_logging.c
@@ -244,8 +244,8 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/payload.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/payload.c
index df9004fb55..3f25ecb8ff 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/payload.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/payload.c
@@ -261,8 +261,8 @@ static void request_response_with_payload(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/ping_pong_streaming.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/ping_pong_streaming.c
index fc5a0a5ec3..598e45ee33 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/ping_pong_streaming.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/ping_pong_streaming.c
@@ -265,8 +265,8 @@ static void test_pingpong_streaming(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   CQ_EXPECT_COMPLETION(cqv, tag(104), 1);
   cq_verify(cqv);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/registered_call.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/registered_call.c
index 258040371f..7e07a7129c 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/registered_call.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/registered_call.c
@@ -200,8 +200,8 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_flags.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_flags.c
index e913fa46c3..daf15fa5f7 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_flags.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_flags.c
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ static void test_invoke_request_with_flags(
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_payload.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_payload.c
index 17c0761090..43686d58ab 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_payload.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/request_with_payload.c
@@ -226,8 +226,8 @@ static void test_invoke_request_with_payload(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/resource_quota_server.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/resource_quota_server.c
index b5bc39915a..2453ca1b89 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/resource_quota_server.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/resource_quota_server.c
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ void resource_quota_server(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
 
       grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv[call_id]);
       grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv[call_id]);
-      grpc_call_destroy(client_calls[call_id]);
+      grpc_call_unref(client_calls[call_id]);
       grpc_slice_unref(details[call_id]);
 
       pending_client_calls--;
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ void resource_quota_server(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
       GPR_ASSERT(pending_server_end_calls > 0);
       pending_server_end_calls--;
 
-      grpc_call_destroy(server_calls[call_id]);
+      grpc_call_unref(server_calls[call_id]);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/server_finishes_request.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/server_finishes_request.c
index 990f063090..be0901bfdd 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/server_finishes_request.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/server_finishes_request.c
@@ -199,8 +199,8 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/shutdown_finishes_calls.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/shutdown_finishes_calls.c
index 2385423538..d19af1a74d 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/shutdown_finishes_calls.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/shutdown_finishes_calls.c
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ static void test_early_server_shutdown_finishes_inflight_calls(
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_cacheable_request.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_cacheable_request.c
index d0c292c338..cc0f89c422 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_cacheable_request.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_cacheable_request.c
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ static void test_cacheable_request_response_with_metadata_and_payload(
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_delayed_request.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_delayed_request.c
index c8b88def1f..9e938f86a6 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_delayed_request.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_delayed_request.c
@@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ static void simple_delayed_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_metadata.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_metadata.c
index 367f0b7696..08679a588a 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_metadata.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_metadata.c
@@ -266,8 +266,8 @@ static void test_request_response_with_metadata_and_payload(
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_request.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_request.c
index 0f19fd0b0f..45c717363b 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_request.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/simple_request.c
@@ -219,8 +219,8 @@ static void simple_request_body(grpc_end2end_test_config config,
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 }
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/streaming_error_response.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/streaming_error_response.c
index 0946552271..e59675a655 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/streaming_error_response.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/streaming_error_response.c
@@ -263,8 +263,8 @@ static void test(grpc_end2end_test_config config, bool request_status_early) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/trailing_metadata.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/trailing_metadata.c
index 78046261c3..ca8eb6389e 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/trailing_metadata.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/trailing_metadata.c
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ static void test_request_response_with_metadata_and_payload(
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/write_buffering.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/write_buffering.c
index e937912d5f..f8f2102e67 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/write_buffering.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/write_buffering.c
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ static void test_invoke_request_with_payload(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/end2end/tests/write_buffering_at_end.c b/test/core/end2end/tests/write_buffering_at_end.c
index 42024cfa9b..2facd9c1a4 100644
--- a/test/core/end2end/tests/write_buffering_at_end.c
+++ b/test/core/end2end/tests/write_buffering_at_end.c
@@ -265,8 +265,8 @@ static void test_invoke_request_with_payload(grpc_end2end_test_config config) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/test/core/fling/client.c b/test/core/fling/client.c
index ecb73cfbdb..3c43f4311c 100644
--- a/test/core/fling/client.c
+++ b/test/core/fling/client.c
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ static void step_ping_pong_request(void) {
                                                    (size_t)(op - ops),
                                                    (void *)1, NULL));
   grpc_completion_queue_next(cq, gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), NULL);
-  grpc_call_destroy(call);
+  grpc_call_unref(call);
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(response_payload_recv);
   call = NULL;
   GPR_TIMER_END("ping_pong", 1);
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   grpc_profiler_stop();
 
   if (call) {
-    grpc_call_destroy(call);
+    grpc_call_unref(call);
   }
 
   grpc_channel_destroy(channel);
diff --git a/test/core/fling/server.c b/test/core/fling/server.c
index 7edff3d132..a927e9014a 100644
--- a/test/core/fling/server.c
+++ b/test/core/fling/server.c
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
             break;
           case FLING_SERVER_SEND_STATUS_FOR_STREAMING:
             /* Send status and close completed at server */
-            grpc_call_destroy(call);
+            grpc_call_unref(call);
             if (!shutdown_started) request_call();
             break;
           case FLING_SERVER_READ_FOR_UNARY:
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
             /* Finished unary call. */
             grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(payload_buffer);
             payload_buffer = NULL;
-            grpc_call_destroy(call);
+            grpc_call_unref(call);
             if (!shutdown_started) request_call();
             break;
         }
diff --git a/test/core/memory_usage/client.c b/test/core/memory_usage/client.c
index fcdc161ac9..ee68399988 100644
--- a/test/core/memory_usage/client.c
+++ b/test/core/memory_usage/client.c
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ static void finish_ping_pong_request(int call_idx) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&calls[call_idx].initial_metadata_recv);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&calls[call_idx].trailing_metadata_recv);
   grpc_slice_unref(calls[call_idx].details);
-  grpc_call_destroy(calls[call_idx].call);
+  grpc_call_unref(calls[call_idx].call);
   calls[call_idx].call = NULL;
 }
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ static struct grpc_memory_counters send_snapshot_request(int call_idx,
   grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(response_payload_recv);
   grpc_slice_unref(calls[call_idx].details);
   calls[call_idx].details = grpc_empty_slice();
-  grpc_call_destroy(calls[call_idx].call);
+  grpc_call_unref(calls[call_idx].call);
   calls[call_idx].call = NULL;
 
   return snapshot;
diff --git a/test/core/memory_usage/server.c b/test/core/memory_usage/server.c
index 44c5488014..1c70f5eac0 100644
--- a/test/core/memory_usage/server.c
+++ b/test/core/memory_usage/server.c
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
           case FLING_SERVER_WAIT_FOR_DESTROY:
             break;
           case FLING_SERVER_SEND_STATUS_FLING_CALL:
-            grpc_call_destroy(s->call);
+            grpc_call_unref(s->call);
             grpc_call_details_destroy(&s->call_details);
             grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&s->initial_metadata_send);
             grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&s->request_metadata_recv);
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
           case FLING_SERVER_SEND_STATUS_SNAPSHOT:
             grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(payload_buffer);
             grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(terminal_buffer);
-            grpc_call_destroy(s->call);
+            grpc_call_unref(s->call);
             grpc_call_details_destroy(&s->call_details);
             grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&s->initial_metadata_send);
             grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&s->request_metadata_recv);
diff --git a/test/core/security/BUILD b/test/core/security/BUILD
index 8c63f9143d..a81e1d366b 100644
--- a/test/core/security/BUILD
+++ b/test/core/security/BUILD
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ cc_library(
     srcs = ["oauth2_utils.c"],
     hdrs = ["oauth2_utils.h"],
     deps = ["//:grpc"],
-    copts = ['-std=c99']
+    copts = ['-std=c99'],
+    visibility = ["//test/cpp:__subpackages__"],
 )
 
 cc_test(
diff --git a/test/core/support/mpscq_test.c b/test/core/support/mpscq_test.c
index 491eb9148b..695066c68e 100644
--- a/test/core/support/mpscq_test.c
+++ b/test/core/support/mpscq_test.c
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ typedef struct {
   gpr_event *start;
 } thd_args;
 
-#define THREAD_ITERATIONS 100000
+#define THREAD_ITERATIONS 10000
 
 static void test_thread(void *args) {
   thd_args *a = args;
diff --git a/test/core/support/time_test.c b/test/core/support/time_test.c
index 4cb36a788c..00d0b76503 100644
--- a/test/core/support/time_test.c
+++ b/test/core/support/time_test.c
@@ -47,32 +47,17 @@ static void to_fp(void *arg, const char *buf, size_t len) {
   fwrite(buf, 1, len, (FILE *)arg);
 }
 
-/* Convert gpr_uintmax x to ascii base b (2..16), and write with
-   (*writer)(arg, ...), zero padding to "chars" digits).  */
-static void u_to_s(uintmax_t x, unsigned base, int chars,
-                   void (*writer)(void *arg, const char *buf, size_t len),
-                   void *arg) {
-  char buf[64];
-  char *p = buf + sizeof(buf);
-  do {
-    *--p = "0123456789abcdef"[x % base];
-    x /= base;
-    chars--;
-  } while (x != 0 || chars > 0);
-  (*writer)(arg, p, (size_t)(buf + sizeof(buf) - p));
-}
-
 /* Convert gpr_intmax x to ascii base b (2..16), and write with
    (*writer)(arg, ...), zero padding to "chars" digits).  */
-static void i_to_s(intmax_t x, unsigned base, int chars,
+static void i_to_s(intmax_t x, int base, int chars,
                    void (*writer)(void *arg, const char *buf, size_t len),
                    void *arg) {
-  if (x < 0) {
-    (*writer)(arg, "-", 1);
-    u_to_s((uintmax_t)-x, base, chars - 1, writer, arg);
-  } else {
-    u_to_s((uintmax_t)x, base, chars, writer, arg);
-  }
+  char buf[64];
+  char fmt[32];
+  GPR_ASSERT(base == 16 || base == 10);
+  sprintf(fmt, "%%0%d%s", chars, base == 16 ? PRIxMAX : PRIdMAX);
+  sprintf(buf, fmt, x);
+  (*writer)(arg, buf, strlen(buf));
 }
 
 /* Convert ts to ascii, and write with (*writer)(arg, ...).  */
diff --git a/test/core/surface/lame_client_test.c b/test/core/surface/lame_client_test.c
index 6c14a5dcdf..ba0cee07d3 100644
--- a/test/core/surface/lame_client_test.c
+++ b/test/core/surface/lame_client_test.c
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   GPR_ASSERT(strcmp(peer, "lampoon:national") == 0);
   gpr_free(peer);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(call);
+  grpc_call_unref(call);
   grpc_channel_destroy(chan);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
   grpc_completion_queue_destroy(cq);
diff --git a/test/cpp/grpclb/grpclb_test.cc b/test/cpp/grpclb/grpclb_test.cc
index 997a8391eb..a002c7f77d 100644
--- a/test/cpp/grpclb/grpclb_test.cc
+++ b/test/cpp/grpclb/grpclb_test.cc
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ static void start_lb_server(server_fixture *sf, int *ports, size_t nports,
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "LB Server[%s](%s) after tag 204. All done. LB server out",
           sf->servers_hostport, sf->balancer_name);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(s);
+  grpc_call_unref(s);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ static void start_backend_server(server_fixture *sf) {
     gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Server[%s] DONE. After servicing %d calls",
             sf->servers_hostport, sf->num_calls_serviced);
 
-    grpc_call_destroy(s);
+    grpc_call_unref(s);
     cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
     grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
     grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ static void perform_request(client_fixture *cf) {
   peer = grpc_call_get_peer(c);
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Client DONE WITH SERVER %s ", peer);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verify_empty_timeout(cqv, 1 /* seconds */);
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
diff --git a/test/cpp/interop/BUILD b/test/cpp/interop/BUILD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a3e8d916f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cpp/interop/BUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# Copyright 2017, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+licenses(["notice"])  # 3-clause BSD
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "server_helper_lib",
+    srcs = [
+        "server_helper.cc",
+    ],
+    hdrs = [
+        "server_helper.h",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        "//test/cpp/util:test_util",
+        "//external:gflags",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "interop_server",
+    srcs = [
+        "interop_server.cc",
+        "interop_server_bootstrap.cc",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        ":server_helper_lib",
+        "//:grpc++",
+        "//src/proto/grpc/testing:empty_proto",
+        "//src/proto/grpc/testing:messages_proto",
+        "//src/proto/grpc/testing:test_proto",
+        "//test/cpp/util:test_config",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "client_helper_lib",
+    srcs = [
+        "client_helper.cc",
+        "interop_client.cc",
+    ],
+    hdrs = [
+        "client_helper.h",
+        "interop_client.h",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        "//test/cpp/util:test_util",
+        "//src/proto/grpc/testing:empty_proto",
+        "//src/proto/grpc/testing:messages_proto",
+        "//src/proto/grpc/testing:test_proto",
+        "//test/core/security:oauth2_utils",
+        "//test/cpp/util:test_config",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "interop_client",
+    srcs = [
+        "client.cc",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        ":client_helper_lib",
+    ],
+)
diff --git a/test/cpp/microbenchmarks/bm_call_create.cc b/test/cpp/microbenchmarks/bm_call_create.cc
index 8373eead61..18b7566bef 100644
--- a/test/cpp/microbenchmarks/bm_call_create.cc
+++ b/test/cpp/microbenchmarks/bm_call_create.cc
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ static void BM_CallCreateDestroy(benchmark::State &state) {
   void *method_hdl =
       grpc_channel_register_call(fixture.channel(), "/foo/bar", NULL, NULL);
   while (state.KeepRunning()) {
-    grpc_call_destroy(grpc_channel_create_registered_call(
+    grpc_call_unref(grpc_channel_create_registered_call(
         fixture.channel(), NULL, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS, cq, method_hdl,
         deadline, NULL));
   }
@@ -166,6 +166,165 @@ static void BM_LameChannelCallCreateCpp(benchmark::State &state) {
 }
 BENCHMARK(BM_LameChannelCallCreateCpp);
 
+static void do_nothing(void *ignored) {}
+
+static void BM_LameChannelCallCreateCore(benchmark::State &state) {
+  TrackCounters track_counters;
+
+  grpc_channel *channel;
+  grpc_completion_queue *cq;
+  grpc_metadata_array initial_metadata_recv;
+  grpc_metadata_array trailing_metadata_recv;
+  grpc_byte_buffer *response_payload_recv = NULL;
+  grpc_status_code status;
+  grpc_slice details;
+  grpc::testing::EchoRequest send_request;
+  grpc_slice send_request_slice =
+      grpc_slice_new(&send_request, sizeof(send_request), do_nothing);
+
+  channel = grpc_lame_client_channel_create(
+      "localhost:1234", GRPC_STATUS_UNAUTHENTICATED, "blah");
+  cq = grpc_completion_queue_create_for_next(NULL);
+  void *rc = grpc_channel_register_call(
+      channel, "/grpc.testing.EchoTestService/Echo", NULL, NULL);
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("BenchmarkCycle", 0);
+    grpc_call *call = grpc_channel_create_registered_call(
+        channel, NULL, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS, cq, rc,
+        gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), NULL);
+    grpc_metadata_array_init(&initial_metadata_recv);
+    grpc_metadata_array_init(&trailing_metadata_recv);
+    grpc_byte_buffer *request_payload_send =
+        grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&send_request_slice, 1);
+
+    // Fill in call ops
+    grpc_op ops[6];
+    memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
+    grpc_op *op = ops;
+    op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA;
+    op->data.send_initial_metadata.count = 0;
+    op++;
+    op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE;
+    op->data.send_message.send_message = request_payload_send;
+    op++;
+    op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT;
+    op++;
+    op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA;
+    op->data.recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata =
+        &initial_metadata_recv;
+    op++;
+    op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE;
+    op->data.recv_message.recv_message = &response_payload_recv;
+    op++;
+    op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT;
+    op->data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata = &trailing_metadata_recv;
+    op->data.recv_status_on_client.status = &status;
+    op->data.recv_status_on_client.status_details = &details;
+    op++;
+
+    GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == grpc_call_start_batch(call, ops,
+                                                     (size_t)(op - ops),
+                                                     (void *)1, NULL));
+    grpc_event ev = grpc_completion_queue_next(
+        cq, gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), NULL);
+    GPR_ASSERT(ev.type != GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN);
+    GPR_ASSERT(ev.success != 0);
+    grpc_call_unref(call);
+    grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(request_payload_send);
+    grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(response_payload_recv);
+    grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv);
+    grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv);
+  }
+  grpc_channel_destroy(channel);
+  grpc_completion_queue_destroy(cq);
+  grpc_slice_unref(send_request_slice);
+  track_counters.Finish(state);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_LameChannelCallCreateCore);
+
+static void BM_LameChannelCallCreateCoreSeparateBatch(benchmark::State &state) {
+  TrackCounters track_counters;
+
+  grpc_channel *channel;
+  grpc_completion_queue *cq;
+  grpc_metadata_array initial_metadata_recv;
+  grpc_metadata_array trailing_metadata_recv;
+  grpc_byte_buffer *response_payload_recv = NULL;
+  grpc_status_code status;
+  grpc_slice details;
+  grpc::testing::EchoRequest send_request;
+  grpc_slice send_request_slice =
+      grpc_slice_new(&send_request, sizeof(send_request), do_nothing);
+
+  channel = grpc_lame_client_channel_create(
+      "localhost:1234", GRPC_STATUS_UNAUTHENTICATED, "blah");
+  cq = grpc_completion_queue_create_for_next(NULL);
+  void *rc = grpc_channel_register_call(
+      channel, "/grpc.testing.EchoTestService/Echo", NULL, NULL);
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("BenchmarkCycle", 0);
+    grpc_call *call = grpc_channel_create_registered_call(
+        channel, NULL, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS, cq, rc,
+        gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), NULL);
+    grpc_metadata_array_init(&initial_metadata_recv);
+    grpc_metadata_array_init(&trailing_metadata_recv);
+    grpc_byte_buffer *request_payload_send =
+        grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&send_request_slice, 1);
+
+    // Fill in call ops
+    grpc_op ops[3];
+    memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
+    grpc_op *op = ops;
+    op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA;
+    op->data.send_initial_metadata.count = 0;
+    op++;
+    op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE;
+    op->data.send_message.send_message = request_payload_send;
+    op++;
+    op->op = GRPC_OP_SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT;
+    op++;
+    GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == grpc_call_start_batch(call, ops,
+                                                     (size_t)(op - ops),
+                                                     (void *)0, NULL));
+    memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
+    op = ops;
+    op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA;
+    op->data.recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata =
+        &initial_metadata_recv;
+    op++;
+    op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE;
+    op->data.recv_message.recv_message = &response_payload_recv;
+    op++;
+    op->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT;
+    op->data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata = &trailing_metadata_recv;
+    op->data.recv_status_on_client.status = &status;
+    op->data.recv_status_on_client.status_details = &details;
+    op++;
+
+    GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == grpc_call_start_batch(call, ops,
+                                                     (size_t)(op - ops),
+                                                     (void *)1, NULL));
+    grpc_event ev = grpc_completion_queue_next(
+        cq, gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), NULL);
+    GPR_ASSERT(ev.type != GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN);
+    GPR_ASSERT(ev.success == 0);
+    ev = grpc_completion_queue_next(cq, gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME),
+                                    NULL);
+    GPR_ASSERT(ev.type != GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN);
+    GPR_ASSERT(ev.success != 0);
+    grpc_call_unref(call);
+    grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(request_payload_send);
+    grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(response_payload_recv);
+    grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&initial_metadata_recv);
+    grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&trailing_metadata_recv);
+  }
+  grpc_channel_destroy(channel);
+  grpc_completion_queue_destroy(cq);
+  grpc_slice_unref(send_request_slice);
+  track_counters.Finish(state);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_LameChannelCallCreateCoreSeparateBatch);
+
 static void FilterDestroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                           grpc_error *error) {
   gpr_free(arg);
@@ -560,7 +719,7 @@ static const grpc_channel_filter isolated_call_filter = {
     GetPeer,
     GetChannelInfo,
     "isolated_call_filter"};
-}
+}  // namespace isolated_call_filter
 
 class IsolatedCallFixture : public TrackCounters {
  public:
@@ -600,7 +759,7 @@ static void BM_IsolatedCall_NoOp(benchmark::State &state) {
       grpc_channel_register_call(fixture.channel(), "/foo/bar", NULL, NULL);
   while (state.KeepRunning()) {
     GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("BenchmarkCycle", 0);
-    grpc_call_destroy(grpc_channel_create_registered_call(
+    grpc_call_unref(grpc_channel_create_registered_call(
         fixture.channel(), nullptr, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS, fixture.cq(),
         method_hdl, deadline, NULL));
   }
@@ -645,7 +804,7 @@ static void BM_IsolatedCall_Unary(benchmark::State &state) {
     grpc_call_start_batch(call, ops, 6, tag(1), NULL);
     grpc_completion_queue_next(fixture.cq(),
                                gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC), NULL);
-    grpc_call_destroy(call);
+    grpc_call_unref(call);
   }
   fixture.Finish(state);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&recv_initial_metadata);
@@ -686,7 +845,7 @@ static void BM_IsolatedCall_StreamingSend(benchmark::State &state) {
     grpc_completion_queue_next(fixture.cq(),
                                gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC), NULL);
   }
-  grpc_call_destroy(call);
+  grpc_call_unref(call);
   fixture.Finish(state);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&recv_initial_metadata);
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&recv_trailing_metadata);