Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into service_config_lb_semantics

99 files changed, 1502 insertions, 1099 deletions

diff --git a/src/compiler/cpp_generator.cc b/src/compiler/cpp_generator.cc
index c01e830cd6..4cc6a4cf39 100644
--- a/src/compiler/cpp_generator.cc
+++ b/src/compiler/cpp_generator.cc
@@ -1106,8 +1106,8 @@ void PrintSourceClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
         "const $Request$& request, "
         "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq) {\n");
     printer->Print(*vars,
-                   "  return new "
-                   "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader< $Response$>("
+                   "  return "
+                   "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader< $Response$>::Create("
                    "channel_.get(), cq, "
                    "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
                    "context, request);\n"
@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ void PrintSourceClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
                    "::grpc::ClientContext* context, $Response$* response, "
                    "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) {\n");
     printer->Print(*vars,
-                   "  return new ::grpc::ClientAsyncWriter< $Request$>("
+                   "  return ::grpc::ClientAsyncWriter< $Request$>::Create("
                    "channel_.get(), cq, "
                    "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
                    "context, response, tag);\n"
@@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ void PrintSourceClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
                    "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
                    "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) {\n");
     printer->Print(*vars,
-                   "  return new ::grpc::ClientAsyncReader< $Response$>("
+                   "  return ::grpc::ClientAsyncReader< $Response$>::Create("
                    "channel_.get(), cq, "
                    "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
                    "context, request, tag);\n"
@@ -1174,13 +1174,14 @@ void PrintSourceClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
         "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< $Request$, $Response$>* "
         "$ns$$Service$::Stub::Async$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
         "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) {\n");
-    printer->Print(*vars,
-                   "  return new "
-                   "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< $Request$, $Response$>("
-                   "channel_.get(), cq, "
-                   "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
-                   "context, tag);\n"
-                   "}\n\n");
+    printer->Print(
+        *vars,
+        "  return "
+        "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< $Request$, $Response$>::Create("
+        "channel_.get(), cq, "
+        "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
+        "context, tag);\n"
+        "}\n\n");
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/compiler/python_generator.cc b/src/compiler/python_generator.cc
index 2649c1688d..50ee54abff 100644
--- a/src/compiler/python_generator.cc
+++ b/src/compiler/python_generator.cc
@@ -101,6 +101,14 @@ PrivateGenerator::PrivateGenerator(const GeneratorConfiguration& config,
 void PrivateGenerator::PrintAllComments(StringVector comments,
                                         grpc_generator::Printer* out) {
   if (comments.empty()) {
+    // Python requires code structures like class and def to have
+    // a body, even if it is just "pass" or a docstring.  We need
+    // to ensure not to generate empty bodies. We could do something
+    // smarter and more sophisticated, but at the moment, if there is
+    // no docstring to print, we simply emit "pass" to ensure validity
+    // of the generated code.
+    out->Print("# missing associated documentation comment in .proto file\n");
+    out->Print("pass\n");
     return;
   }
   out->Print("\"\"\"");
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb.c
index c590184a62..f980932cd5 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb.c
@@ -1122,6 +1122,7 @@ static void lb_call_init_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
       glb_policy->base.interested_parties,
       GRPC_MDSTR_SLASH_GRPC_DOT_LB_DOT_V1_DOT_LOADBALANCER_SLASH_BALANCELOAD,
       &host, glb_policy->deadline, NULL);
+  grpc_slice_unref_internal(exec_ctx, host);
 
   grpc_metadata_array_init(&glb_policy->lb_initial_metadata_recv);
   grpc_metadata_array_init(&glb_policy->lb_trailing_metadata_recv);
@@ -1152,7 +1153,7 @@ static void lb_call_init_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 static void lb_call_destroy_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                    glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) {
   GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->lb_call != NULL);
-  grpc_call_destroy(glb_policy->lb_call);
+  grpc_call_unref(glb_policy->lb_call);
   glb_policy->lb_call = NULL;
 
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&glb_policy->lb_initial_metadata_recv);
@@ -1293,6 +1294,7 @@ static void lb_on_response_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                   "Received empty server list. Picks will stay pending until a "
                   "response with > 0 servers is received");
         }
+        grpc_grpclb_destroy_serverlist(glb_policy->serverlist);
       }
     } else { /* serverlist == NULL */
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Invalid LB response received: '%s'. Ignoring.",
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/subchannel.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/subchannel.c
index 362b4a4a28..967e571221 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/subchannel.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/subchannel.c
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@
 #define INTERNAL_REF_BITS 16
 #define STRONG_REF_MASK (~(gpr_atm)((1 << INTERNAL_REF_BITS) - 1))
 
-#define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_MIN_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS 20
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_INITIAL_CONNECT_BACKOFF_SECONDS 1
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER 1.6
+#define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_RECONNECT_MIN_BACKOFF_SECONDS 20
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS 120
 #define GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_RECONNECT_JITTER 0.2
 
@@ -353,8 +353,8 @@ grpc_subchannel *grpc_subchannel_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                "subchannel");
   int initial_backoff_ms =
       GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_INITIAL_CONNECT_BACKOFF_SECONDS * 1000;
+  int min_backoff_ms = GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_RECONNECT_MIN_BACKOFF_SECONDS * 1000;
   int max_backoff_ms = GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS * 1000;
-  int min_backoff_ms = GRPC_SUBCHANNEL_MIN_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS * 1000;
   bool fixed_reconnect_backoff = false;
   if (c->args) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < c->args->num_args; i++) {
@@ -366,6 +366,12 @@ grpc_subchannel *grpc_subchannel_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                 &c->args->args[i],
                 (grpc_integer_options){initial_backoff_ms, 100, INT_MAX});
       } else if (0 == strcmp(c->args->args[i].key,
+                             GRPC_ARG_MIN_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MS)) {
+        fixed_reconnect_backoff = false;
+        min_backoff_ms = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
+            &c->args->args[i],
+            (grpc_integer_options){min_backoff_ms, 100, INT_MAX});
+      } else if (0 == strcmp(c->args->args[i].key,
                              GRPC_ARG_MAX_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MS)) {
         fixed_reconnect_backoff = false;
         max_backoff_ms = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/load_reporting/load_reporting.c b/src/core/ext/filters/load_reporting/load_reporting.c
index 3b5d2103c1..4e9d0937ae 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/load_reporting/load_reporting.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/load_reporting/load_reporting.c
@@ -47,23 +47,6 @@
 #include "src/core/lib/surface/call.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/surface/channel_init.h"
 
-static void destroy_lr_cost_context(void *c) {
-  grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
-  grpc_load_reporting_cost_context *cost_ctx = c;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < cost_ctx->values_count; ++i) {
-    grpc_slice_unref_internal(&exec_ctx, cost_ctx->values[i]);
-  }
-  grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
-  gpr_free(cost_ctx->values);
-  gpr_free(cost_ctx);
-}
-
-void grpc_call_set_load_reporting_cost_context(
-    grpc_call *call, grpc_load_reporting_cost_context *ctx) {
-  grpc_call_context_set(call, GRPC_CONTEXT_LR_COST, ctx,
-                        destroy_lr_cost_context);
-}
-
 static bool is_load_reporting_enabled(const grpc_channel_args *a) {
   return grpc_channel_arg_get_bool(
       grpc_channel_args_find(a, GRPC_ARG_ENABLE_LOAD_REPORTING), false);
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/load_reporting/load_reporting_filter.c b/src/core/ext/filters/load_reporting/load_reporting_filter.c
index 57b25d0651..75a9a56687 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/load_reporting/load_reporting_filter.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/load_reporting/load_reporting_filter.c
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@
 
 typedef struct call_data {
   intptr_t id; /**< an id unique to the call */
+  bool have_trailing_md_string;
+  grpc_slice trailing_md_string;
   bool have_initial_md_string;
   grpc_slice initial_md_string;
   bool have_service_method;
@@ -140,6 +142,9 @@ static void destroy_call_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem,
   if (calld->have_initial_md_string) {
     grpc_slice_unref_internal(exec_ctx, calld->initial_md_string);
   }
+  if (calld->have_trailing_md_string) {
+    grpc_slice_unref_internal(exec_ctx, calld->trailing_md_string);
+  }
   if (calld->have_service_method) {
     grpc_slice_unref_internal(exec_ctx, calld->service_method);
   }
@@ -183,6 +188,18 @@ static void destroy_channel_elem(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   */
 }
 
+static grpc_filtered_mdelem lr_trailing_md_filter(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                                  void *user_data,
+                                                  grpc_mdelem md) {
+  grpc_call_element *elem = user_data;
+  call_data *calld = elem->call_data;
+  if (grpc_slice_eq(GRPC_MDKEY(md), GRPC_MDSTR_LB_COST_BIN)) {
+    calld->trailing_md_string = GRPC_MDVALUE(md);
+    return GRPC_FILTERED_REMOVE();
+  }
+  return GRPC_FILTERED_MDELEM(md);
+}
+
 static void lr_start_transport_stream_op_batch(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_call_element *elem,
     grpc_transport_stream_op_batch *op) {
@@ -190,13 +207,21 @@ static void lr_start_transport_stream_op_batch(
   call_data *calld = elem->call_data;
 
   if (op->recv_initial_metadata) {
+    /* substitute our callback for the higher callback */
     calld->recv_initial_metadata =
         op->payload->recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata;
-    /* substitute our callback for the higher callback */
     calld->ops_recv_initial_metadata_ready =
         op->payload->recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata_ready;
     op->payload->recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata_ready =
         &calld->on_initial_md_ready;
+  } else if (op->send_trailing_metadata) {
+    GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR(
+        "grpc_metadata_batch_filter",
+        grpc_metadata_batch_filter(
+            exec_ctx,
+            op->payload->send_trailing_metadata.send_trailing_metadata,
+            lr_trailing_md_filter, elem,
+            "LR trailing metadata filtering error"));
   }
   grpc_call_next_op(exec_ctx, elem, op);
 
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/message_size/message_size_filter.c b/src/core/ext/filters/message_size/message_size_filter.c
index db0f011905..e3ffc41f90 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/message_size/message_size_filter.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/message_size/message_size_filter.c
@@ -130,6 +130,8 @@ static void recv_message_ready(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx, void* user_data,
       GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(new_error);
     }
     gpr_free(message_string);
+  } else {
+    GRPC_ERROR_REF(error);
   }
   // Invoke the next callback.
   grpc_closure_run(exec_ctx, calld->next_recv_message_ready, error);
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.c
index 9269611dd9..5d74532ede 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.c
@@ -1679,7 +1679,7 @@ void grpc_chttp2_maybe_complete_recv_message(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
           grpc_slice_buffer_swap(&s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer,
                                  &s->frame_storage);
         }
-        error = deframe_unprocessed_incoming_frames(
+        error = grpc_deframe_unprocessed_incoming_frames(
             exec_ctx, &s->data_parser, s,
             &s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer, NULL, s->recv_message);
         if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
@@ -2150,6 +2150,7 @@ static void update_bdp(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
             (int)bdp);
   }
   push_setting(exec_ctx, t, GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE, bdp);
+  push_setting(exec_ctx, t, GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE, bdp);
 }
 
 static grpc_error *try_http_parsing(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -2602,6 +2603,7 @@ static bool incoming_byte_stream_next(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
       (grpc_chttp2_incoming_byte_stream *)byte_stream;
   grpc_chttp2_stream *s = bs->stream;
   if (s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer.length > 0) {
+    GPR_TIMER_END("incoming_byte_stream_next", 0);
     return true;
   } else {
     gpr_ref(&bs->refs);
@@ -2627,7 +2629,7 @@ static grpc_error *incoming_byte_stream_pull(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   grpc_chttp2_stream *s = bs->stream;
 
   if (s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer.length > 0) {
-    grpc_error *error = deframe_unprocessed_incoming_frames(
+    grpc_error *error = grpc_deframe_unprocessed_incoming_frames(
         exec_ctx, &s->data_parser, s, &s->unprocessed_incoming_frames_buffer,
         slice, NULL);
     if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_data.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_data.c
index 5d382d80a8..9aba3ea445 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_data.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_data.c
@@ -112,12 +112,10 @@ void grpc_chttp2_encode_data(uint32_t id, grpc_slice_buffer *inbuf,
   stats->data_bytes += write_bytes;
 }
 
-grpc_error *deframe_unprocessed_incoming_frames(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                                grpc_chttp2_data_parser *p,
-                                                grpc_chttp2_stream *s,
-                                                grpc_slice_buffer *slices,
-                                                grpc_slice *slice_out,
-                                                grpc_byte_stream **stream_out) {
+grpc_error *grpc_deframe_unprocessed_incoming_frames(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_data_parser *p, grpc_chttp2_stream *s,
+    grpc_slice_buffer *slices, grpc_slice *slice_out,
+    grpc_byte_stream **stream_out) {
   grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   grpc_chttp2_transport *t = s->t;
 
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_data.h b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_data.h
index 2fb8983c38..9ed4ad0f21 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_data.h
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_data.h
@@ -90,11 +90,9 @@ void grpc_chttp2_encode_data(uint32_t id, grpc_slice_buffer *inbuf,
                              grpc_transport_one_way_stats *stats,
                              grpc_slice_buffer *outbuf);
 
-grpc_error *deframe_unprocessed_incoming_frames(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                                grpc_chttp2_data_parser *p,
-                                                grpc_chttp2_stream *s,
-                                                grpc_slice_buffer *slices,
-                                                grpc_slice *slice_out,
-                                                grpc_byte_stream **stream_out);
+grpc_error *grpc_deframe_unprocessed_incoming_frames(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_data_parser *p, grpc_chttp2_stream *s,
+    grpc_slice_buffer *slices, grpc_slice *slice_out,
+    grpc_byte_stream **stream_out);
 
 #endif /* GRPC_CORE_EXT_TRANSPORT_CHTTP2_TRANSPORT_FRAME_DATA_H */
diff --git a/src/core/lib/channel/context.h b/src/core/lib/channel/context.h
index 2c1174ce7a..6c931ad28a 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/channel/context.h
+++ b/src/core/lib/channel/context.h
@@ -50,9 +50,6 @@ typedef enum {
   /// Reserved for traffic_class_context.
   GRPC_CONTEXT_TRAFFIC,
 
-  /// Costs for Load Reporting.
-  GRPC_CONTEXT_LR_COST,
-
   GRPC_CONTEXT_COUNT
 } grpc_context_index;
 
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.c
index fbbca6b493..5f2c989aad 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.c
@@ -217,8 +217,14 @@ static uint8_t get_placement(grpc_error **err, size_t size) {
     if ((*err)->arena_size + slots > (*err)->arena_capacity) {
       return UINT8_MAX;
     }
+#ifdef GRPC_ERROR_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
+    grpc_error *orig = *err;
+#endif
     *err = gpr_realloc(
         *err, sizeof(grpc_error) + (*err)->arena_capacity * sizeof(intptr_t));
+#ifdef GRPC_ERROR_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
+    if (*err != orig) gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "realloc %p -> %p", orig, *err);
+#endif
   }
   uint8_t placement = (*err)->arena_size;
   (*err)->arena_size = (uint8_t)((*err)->arena_size + slots);
@@ -313,7 +319,7 @@ static void internal_add_error(grpc_error **err, grpc_error *new) {
 // It is very common to include and extra int and string in an error
 #define SURPLUS_CAPACITY (2 * SLOTS_PER_INT + SLOTS_PER_TIME)
 
-grpc_error *grpc_error_create(grpc_slice file, int line, grpc_slice desc,
+grpc_error *grpc_error_create(const char *file, int line, grpc_slice desc,
                               grpc_error **referencing,
                               size_t num_referencing) {
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_error_create", 0);
@@ -339,7 +345,8 @@ grpc_error *grpc_error_create(grpc_slice file, int line, grpc_slice desc,
   memset(err->times, UINT8_MAX, GRPC_ERROR_TIME_MAX);
 
   internal_set_int(&err, GRPC_ERROR_INT_FILE_LINE, line);
-  internal_set_str(&err, GRPC_ERROR_STR_FILE, file);
+  internal_set_str(&err, GRPC_ERROR_STR_FILE,
+                   grpc_slice_from_static_string(file));
   internal_set_str(&err, GRPC_ERROR_STR_DESCRIPTION, desc);
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_referencing; ++i) {
@@ -756,7 +763,7 @@ grpc_error *grpc_os_error(const char *file, int line, int err,
   return grpc_error_set_str(
       grpc_error_set_str(
           grpc_error_set_int(
-              grpc_error_create(grpc_slice_from_static_string(file), line,
+              grpc_error_create(file, line,
                                 grpc_slice_from_static_string("OS Error"), NULL,
                                 0),
               GRPC_ERROR_INT_ERRNO, err),
@@ -772,7 +779,7 @@ grpc_error *grpc_wsa_error(const char *file, int line, int err,
   grpc_error *error = grpc_error_set_str(
       grpc_error_set_str(
           grpc_error_set_int(
-              grpc_error_create(grpc_slice_from_static_string(file), line,
+              grpc_error_create(file, line,
                                 grpc_slice_from_static_string("OS Error"), NULL,
                                 0),
               GRPC_ERROR_INT_WSA_ERROR, err),
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.h b/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.h
index 2a44fcfe25..34b24d9263 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.h
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.h
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ typedef enum {
 const char *grpc_error_string(grpc_error *error);
 
 /// Create an error - but use GRPC_ERROR_CREATE instead
-grpc_error *grpc_error_create(grpc_slice file, int line, grpc_slice desc,
+grpc_error *grpc_error_create(const char *file, int line, grpc_slice desc,
                               grpc_error **referencing, size_t num_referencing);
 /// Create an error (this is the preferred way of generating an error that is
 ///   not due to a system call - for system calls, use GRPC_OS_ERROR or
@@ -148,21 +148,21 @@ grpc_error *grpc_error_create(grpc_slice file, int line, grpc_slice desc,
 /// err = grpc_error_create(x, y, z, r, nr) is equivalent to:
 ///   err = grpc_error_create(x, y, z, NULL, 0);
 ///   for (i=0; i<nr; i++) err = grpc_error_add_child(err, r[i]);
-#define GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(desc)                     \
-  grpc_error_create(grpc_slice_from_static_string(__FILE__), __LINE__, \
-                    grpc_slice_from_static_string(desc), NULL, 0)
-#define GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_COPIED_STRING(desc)                     \
-  grpc_error_create(grpc_slice_from_static_string(__FILE__), __LINE__, \
-                    grpc_slice_from_copied_string(desc), NULL, 0)
+#define GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(desc)                           \
+  grpc_error_create(__FILE__, __LINE__, grpc_slice_from_static_string(desc), \
+                    NULL, 0)
+#define GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_COPIED_STRING(desc)                           \
+  grpc_error_create(__FILE__, __LINE__, grpc_slice_from_copied_string(desc), \
+                    NULL, 0)
 
 // Create an error that references some other errors. This function adds a
 // reference to each error in errs - it does not consume an existing reference
-#define GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(desc, errs, count) \
-  grpc_error_create(grpc_slice_from_static_string(__FILE__), __LINE__,      \
-                    grpc_slice_from_static_string(desc), errs, count)
-#define GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_COPIED_STRING(desc, errs, count) \
-  grpc_error_create(grpc_slice_from_static_string(__FILE__), __LINE__,      \
-                    grpc_slice_from_copied_string(desc), errs, count)
+#define GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING(desc, errs, count)  \
+  grpc_error_create(__FILE__, __LINE__, grpc_slice_from_static_string(desc), \
+                    errs, count)
+#define GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_COPIED_STRING(desc, errs, count)  \
+  grpc_error_create(__FILE__, __LINE__, grpc_slice_from_copied_string(desc), \
+                    errs, count)
 
 //#define GRPC_ERROR_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
 #ifdef GRPC_ERROR_REFCOUNT_DEBUG
diff --git a/src/core/lib/support/stack_lockfree.c b/src/core/lib/support/stack_lockfree.c
index 9d7c9e5a38..c481a3e0dc 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/support/stack_lockfree.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/support/stack_lockfree.c
@@ -72,11 +72,6 @@ typedef union lockfree_node {
 struct gpr_stack_lockfree {
   lockfree_node *entries;
   lockfree_node head; /* An atomic entry describing curr head */
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  /* Bitmap of pushed entries to check for double-push or pop */
-  gpr_atm pushed[(INVALID_ENTRY_INDEX + 1) / (8 * sizeof(gpr_atm))];
-#endif
 };
 
 gpr_stack_lockfree *gpr_stack_lockfree_create(size_t entries) {
@@ -91,9 +86,6 @@ gpr_stack_lockfree *gpr_stack_lockfree_create(size_t entries) {
   /* Clear out all entries */
   memset(stack->entries, 0, entries * sizeof(stack->entries[0]));
   memset(&stack->head, 0, sizeof(stack->head));
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  memset(&stack->pushed, 0, sizeof(stack->pushed));
-#endif
 
   GPR_ASSERT(sizeof(stack->entries->atm) == sizeof(stack->entries->contents));
 
@@ -130,19 +122,6 @@ int gpr_stack_lockfree_push(gpr_stack_lockfree *stack, int entry) {
   newhead.contents.aba_ctr = ++curent.contents.aba_ctr;
   gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&stack->entries[entry].atm, curent.atm);
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  /* Check for double push */
-  {
-    int pushed_index = entry / (int)(8 * sizeof(gpr_atm));
-    int pushed_bit = entry % (int)(8 * sizeof(gpr_atm));
-    gpr_atm old_val;
-
-    old_val = gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&stack->pushed[pushed_index],
-                                           ((gpr_atm)1 << pushed_bit));
-    GPR_ASSERT((old_val & (((gpr_atm)1) << pushed_bit)) == 0);
-  }
-#endif
-
   do {
     /* Atomically get the existing head value for use */
     head.atm = gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&(stack->head.atm));
@@ -168,18 +147,6 @@ int gpr_stack_lockfree_pop(gpr_stack_lockfree *stack) {
         gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&(stack->entries[head.contents.index].atm));
 
   } while (!gpr_atm_no_barrier_cas(&(stack->head.atm), head.atm, newhead.atm));
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  /* Check for valid pop */
-  {
-    int pushed_index = head.contents.index / (8 * sizeof(gpr_atm));
-    int pushed_bit = head.contents.index % (8 * sizeof(gpr_atm));
-    gpr_atm old_val;
-
-    old_val = gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&stack->pushed[pushed_index],
-                                           -((gpr_atm)1 << pushed_bit));
-    GPR_ASSERT((old_val & (((gpr_atm)1) << pushed_bit)) != 0);
-  }
-#endif
 
   return head.contents.index;
 }
diff --git a/src/core/lib/surface/call.c b/src/core/lib/surface/call.c
index 3e96d09798..9aa457d792 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/surface/call.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/surface/call.c
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } child_call;
 
 struct grpc_call {
+  gpr_refcount ext_ref;
   gpr_arena *arena;
   grpc_completion_queue *cq;
   grpc_polling_entity pollent;
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ struct grpc_call {
 
   /* client or server call */
   bool is_client;
-  /** has grpc_call_destroy been called */
+  /** has grpc_call_unref been called */
   bool destroy_called;
   /** flag indicating that cancellation is inherited */
   bool cancellation_is_inherited;
@@ -282,6 +283,10 @@ static void add_init_error(grpc_error **composite, grpc_error *new) {
   *composite = grpc_error_add_child(*composite, new);
 }
 
+void *grpc_call_arena_alloc(grpc_call *call, size_t size) {
+  return gpr_arena_alloc(call->arena, size);
+}
+
 static parent_call *get_or_create_parent_call(grpc_call *call) {
   parent_call *p = (parent_call *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&call->parent_call_atm);
   if (p == NULL) {
@@ -312,6 +317,7 @@ grpc_error *grpc_call_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
       gpr_arena_create(grpc_channel_get_call_size_estimate(args->channel));
   call = gpr_arena_alloc(arena,
                          sizeof(grpc_call) + channel_stack->call_stack_size);
+  gpr_ref_init(&call->ext_ref, 1);
   call->arena = arena;
   *out_call = call;
   call->channel = args->channel;
@@ -346,6 +352,8 @@ grpc_error *grpc_call_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   gpr_timespec send_deadline =
       gpr_convert_clock_type(args->send_deadline, GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
 
+  bool immediately_cancel = false;
+
   if (args->parent_call != NULL) {
     child_call *cc = call->child_call =
         gpr_arena_alloc(arena, sizeof(child_call));
@@ -386,8 +394,7 @@ grpc_error *grpc_call_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     if (args->propagation_mask & GRPC_PROPAGATE_CANCELLATION) {
       call->cancellation_is_inherited = 1;
       if (gpr_atm_acq_load(&args->parent_call->received_final_op_atm)) {
-        cancel_with_error(exec_ctx, call, STATUS_FROM_API_OVERRIDE,
-                          GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED);
+        immediately_cancel = true;
       }
     }
 
@@ -407,7 +414,7 @@ grpc_error *grpc_call_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   call->send_deadline = send_deadline;
 
   GRPC_CHANNEL_INTERNAL_REF(args->channel, "call");
-  /* initial refcount dropped by grpc_call_destroy */
+  /* initial refcount dropped by grpc_call_unref */
   grpc_call_element_args call_args = {
       .call_stack = CALL_STACK_FROM_CALL(call),
       .server_transport_data = args->server_transport_data,
@@ -422,6 +429,10 @@ grpc_error *grpc_call_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     cancel_with_error(exec_ctx, call, STATUS_FROM_SURFACE,
                       GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
   }
+  if (immediately_cancel) {
+    cancel_with_error(exec_ctx, call, STATUS_FROM_API_OVERRIDE,
+                      GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED);
+  }
   if (args->cq != NULL) {
     GPR_ASSERT(
         args->pollset_set_alternative == NULL &&
@@ -528,12 +539,16 @@ static void destroy_call(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *call,
   GPR_TIMER_END("destroy_call", 0);
 }
 
-void grpc_call_destroy(grpc_call *c) {
+void grpc_call_ref(grpc_call *c) { gpr_ref(&c->ext_ref); }
+
+void grpc_call_unref(grpc_call *c) {
+  if (!gpr_unref(&c->ext_ref)) return;
+
   child_call *cc = c->child_call;
   grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
 
-  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_call_destroy", 0);
-  GRPC_API_TRACE("grpc_call_destroy(c=%p)", 1, (c));
+  GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_call_unref", 0);
+  GRPC_API_TRACE("grpc_call_unref(c=%p)", 1, (c));
 
   if (cc) {
     parent_call *pc = get_parent_call(cc->parent);
@@ -560,7 +575,7 @@ void grpc_call_destroy(grpc_call *c) {
   }
   GRPC_CALL_INTERNAL_UNREF(&exec_ctx, c, "destroy");
   grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
-  GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_call_destroy", 0);
+  GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_call_unref", 0);
 }
 
 grpc_call_error grpc_call_cancel(grpc_call *call, void *reserved) {
diff --git a/src/core/lib/surface/server.c b/src/core/lib/surface/server.c
index 38800ea37b..26c81e9aca 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/surface/server.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/surface/server.c
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ static void request_matcher_destroy(request_matcher *rm) {
 
 static void kill_zombie(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *elem,
                         grpc_error *error) {
-  grpc_call_destroy(grpc_call_from_top_element(elem));
+  grpc_call_unref(grpc_call_from_top_element(elem));
 }
 
 static void request_matcher_zombify_all_pending_calls(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
diff --git a/src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.c b/src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.c
index 599d4ad117..862cdaa8e0 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.c
@@ -97,23 +97,23 @@ static uint8_t g_bytes[] = {
     101, 105, 102, 45,  110, 111, 110, 101, 45,  109, 97,  116, 99,  104, 105,
     102, 45,  114, 97,  110, 103, 101, 105, 102, 45,  117, 110, 109, 111, 100,
     105, 102, 105, 101, 100, 45,  115, 105, 110, 99,  101, 108, 97,  115, 116,
-    45,  109, 111, 100, 105, 102, 105, 101, 100, 108, 105, 110, 107, 108, 111,
-    99,  97,  116, 105, 111, 110, 109, 97,  120, 45,  102, 111, 114, 119, 97,
-    114, 100, 115, 112, 114, 111, 120, 121, 45,  97,  117, 116, 104, 101, 110,
-    116, 105, 99,  97,  116, 101, 112, 114, 111, 120, 121, 45,  97,  117, 116,
-    104, 111, 114, 105, 122, 97,  116, 105, 111, 110, 114, 97,  110, 103, 101,
-    114, 101, 102, 101, 114, 101, 114, 114, 101, 102, 114, 101, 115, 104, 114,
-    101, 116, 114, 121, 45,  97,  102, 116, 101, 114, 115, 101, 114, 118, 101,
-    114, 115, 101, 116, 45,  99,  111, 111, 107, 105, 101, 115, 116, 114, 105,
-    99,  116, 45,  116, 114, 97,  110, 115, 112, 111, 114, 116, 45,  115, 101,
-    99,  117, 114, 105, 116, 121, 116, 114, 97,  110, 115, 102, 101, 114, 45,
-    101, 110, 99,  111, 100, 105, 110, 103, 118, 97,  114, 121, 118, 105, 97,
-    119, 119, 119, 45,  97,  117, 116, 104, 101, 110, 116, 105, 99,  97,  116,
-    101, 105, 100, 101, 110, 116, 105, 116, 121, 44,  100, 101, 102, 108, 97,
-    116, 101, 105, 100, 101, 110, 116, 105, 116, 121, 44,  103, 122, 105, 112,
-    100, 101, 102, 108, 97,  116, 101, 44,  103, 122, 105, 112, 105, 100, 101,
-    110, 116, 105, 116, 121, 44,  100, 101, 102, 108, 97,  116, 101, 44,  103,
-    122, 105, 112};
+    45,  109, 111, 100, 105, 102, 105, 101, 100, 108, 98,  45,  99,  111, 115,
+    116, 45,  98,  105, 110, 108, 105, 110, 107, 108, 111, 99,  97,  116, 105,
+    111, 110, 109, 97,  120, 45,  102, 111, 114, 119, 97,  114, 100, 115, 112,
+    114, 111, 120, 121, 45,  97,  117, 116, 104, 101, 110, 116, 105, 99,  97,
+    116, 101, 112, 114, 111, 120, 121, 45,  97,  117, 116, 104, 111, 114, 105,
+    122, 97,  116, 105, 111, 110, 114, 97,  110, 103, 101, 114, 101, 102, 101,
+    114, 101, 114, 114, 101, 102, 114, 101, 115, 104, 114, 101, 116, 114, 121,
+    45,  97,  102, 116, 101, 114, 115, 101, 114, 118, 101, 114, 115, 101, 116,
+    45,  99,  111, 111, 107, 105, 101, 115, 116, 114, 105, 99,  116, 45,  116,
+    114, 97,  110, 115, 112, 111, 114, 116, 45,  115, 101, 99,  117, 114, 105,
+    116, 121, 116, 114, 97,  110, 115, 102, 101, 114, 45,  101, 110, 99,  111,
+    100, 105, 110, 103, 118, 97,  114, 121, 118, 105, 97,  119, 119, 119, 45,
+    97,  117, 116, 104, 101, 110, 116, 105, 99,  97,  116, 101, 105, 100, 101,
+    110, 116, 105, 116, 121, 44,  100, 101, 102, 108, 97,  116, 101, 105, 100,
+    101, 110, 116, 105, 116, 121, 44,  103, 122, 105, 112, 100, 101, 102, 108,
+    97,  116, 101, 44,  103, 122, 105, 112, 105, 100, 101, 110, 116, 105, 116,
+    121, 44,  100, 101, 102, 108, 97,  116, 101, 44,  103, 122, 105, 112};
 
 static void static_ref(void *unused) {}
 static void static_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *unused) {}
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ grpc_slice_refcount grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[GRPC_STATIC_MDSTR_COUNT] = {
     {&grpc_static_metadata_vtable, &static_sub_refcnt},
     {&grpc_static_metadata_vtable, &static_sub_refcnt},
     {&grpc_static_metadata_vtable, &static_sub_refcnt},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_vtable, &static_sub_refcnt},
 };
 
 const grpc_slice grpc_static_slice_table[GRPC_STATIC_MDSTR_COUNT] = {
@@ -383,64 +384,67 @@ const grpc_slice grpc_static_slice_table[GRPC_STATIC_MDSTR_COUNT] = {
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[77],
      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 791, 13}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[78],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 804, 4}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 804, 11}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[79],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 808, 8}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 815, 4}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[80],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 816, 12}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 819, 8}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[81],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 828, 18}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 827, 12}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[82],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 846, 19}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 839, 18}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[83],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 865, 5}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 857, 19}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[84],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 870, 7}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 876, 5}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[85],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 877, 7}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 881, 7}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[86],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 884, 11}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 888, 7}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[87],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 895, 6}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 895, 11}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[88],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 901, 10}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 906, 6}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[89],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 911, 25}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 912, 10}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[90],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 936, 17}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 922, 25}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[91],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 953, 4}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 947, 17}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[92],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 957, 3}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 964, 4}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[93],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 960, 16}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 968, 3}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[94],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 976, 16}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 971, 16}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[95],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 992, 13}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 987, 16}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[96],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1005, 12}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1003, 13}},
     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[97],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1017, 21}},
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1016, 12}},
+    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[98],
+     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1028, 21}},
 };
 
 uintptr_t grpc_static_mdelem_user_data[GRPC_STATIC_MDELEM_COUNT] = {
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8};
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8};
 
 static const int8_t elems_r[] = {
-    10, 8,   -3,  0,  9,   21,  -76, 22,  0,   10,  -7,  0,  0,  0,  14, 0,
-    13, 12,  11,  0,  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
-    0,  0,   0,   0,  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
-    0,  -50, -51, 15, -53, -54, -55, -56, -56, -57, -58, 0,  37, 36, 35, 34,
-    33, 32,  31,  30, 29,  28,  27,  26,  25,  24,  23,  22, 21, 20, 19, 18,
-    17, 16,  15,  14, 13,  12,  11,  10,  13,  12,  11,  10, 9,  8,  7,  0};
+    10,  8,   -3,  0,   9,  21, -77, 22,  0,   10, -7,  0,   0,   0,
+    14,  0,   13,  12,  11, 0,  0,   0,   0,   0,  0,   0,   0,   0,
+    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  0,  0,   0,   0,   0,  0,   0,   0,   0,
+    0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  0,  0,   -50, -51, 16, -53, -54, -55, -56,
+    -56, -57, -58, -59, 0,  37, 36,  35,  34,  33, 32,  31,  30,  29,
+    28,  27,  26,  25,  24, 23, 22,  21,  20,  19, 18,  17,  16,  15,
+    14,  13,  12,  11,  10, 13, 12,  11,  10,  9,  8,   7,   0};
 static uint32_t elems_phash(uint32_t i) {
   i -= 42;
-  uint32_t x = i % 96;
-  uint32_t y = i / 96;
+  uint32_t x = i % 97;
+  uint32_t y = i / 97;
   uint32_t h = x;
   if (y < GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(elems_r)) {
     uint32_t delta = (uint32_t)elems_r[y];
@@ -450,29 +454,30 @@ static uint32_t elems_phash(uint32_t i) {
 }
 
 static const uint16_t elem_keys[] = {
-    1009, 1010, 1011, 240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  138,  139,  42,   43,
-    429,  430,  431,  911,  912,  913,  712,  713,  1392, 522,  714,  1588,
-    1686, 1784, 4822, 4920, 4951, 5116, 5214, 5312, 5410, 1405, 5508, 5606,
-    5704, 5802, 5900, 5998, 6096, 6194, 6292, 6390, 6488, 6586, 6684, 6782,
-    6880, 6978, 7076, 7174, 7272, 7370, 7468, 7566, 7664, 7762, 7860, 7958,
-    8056, 8154, 8252, 8350, 8448, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 8546, 8644, 8742,
-    8840, 8938, 9036, 9134, 0,    314,  0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    1019, 1020, 1021, 242,  243,  244,  245,  246,  139,  140,  42,   43,
+    433,  434,  435,  920,  921,  922,  719,  720,  1406, 527,  721,  1604,
+    1703, 1802, 4871, 4970, 5001, 5168, 5267, 5366, 5465, 1419, 5564, 5663,
+    5762, 5861, 5960, 6059, 6158, 6257, 6356, 6455, 6554, 6653, 6752, 6851,
+    6950, 7049, 7148, 7247, 7346, 7445, 7544, 7643, 7742, 7841, 7940, 8039,
+    8138, 8237, 8336, 8435, 8534, 8633, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 8732, 8831,
+    8930, 9029, 9128, 9227, 9326, 0,    317,  0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
+    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    133,  233,  234,  0,    0,    0,    0,
     0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
-    0,    0,    0,    0,    132,  231,  232,  0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
     0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,
-    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0,    0};
+    0};
 static const uint8_t elem_idxs[] = {
-    73,  76,  74,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  15,  16,  17,  18,  11,  12,  13,
-    3,   4,   5,   0,   1,   41,  6,   2,   69,  48,  55,  24,  25,  26,  27,
+    74,  77,  75,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  15,  16,  17,  18,  11,  12,  13,
+    3,   4,   5,   0,   1,   41,  6,   2,   70,  48,  55,  24,  25,  26,  27,
     28,  29,  30,  7,   31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  38,  39,  40,  42,
     43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  49,  50,  51,  52,  53,  54,  56,  57,  58,  59,
-    60,  61,  62,  63,  64,  75,  77,  78,  79,  65,  66,  67,  68,  70,  71,
-    72,  255, 14,  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
-    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 8,   9,   10};
+    60,  61,  62,  63,  64,  65,  76,  78,  79,  80,  66,  67,  68,  69,  71,
+    72,  73,  255, 14,  255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
+    255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 8,   9,   10};
 
 grpc_mdelem grpc_static_mdelem_for_static_strings(int a, int b) {
   if (a == -1 || b == -1) return GRPC_MDNULL;
-  uint32_t k = (uint32_t)(a * 98 + b);
+  uint32_t k = (uint32_t)(a * 99 + b);
   uint32_t h = elems_phash(k);
   return h < GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(elem_keys) && elem_keys[h] == k
              ? GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[elem_idxs[h]],
@@ -706,71 +711,75 @@ grpc_mdelem_data grpc_static_mdelem_table[GRPC_STATIC_MDELEM_COUNT] = {
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[78],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 804, 4}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 804, 11}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[79],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 808, 8}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 815, 4}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[80],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 816, 12}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 819, 8}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[81],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 828, 18}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 827, 12}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[82],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 846, 19}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 839, 18}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[83],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 865, 5}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 857, 19}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[84],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 870, 7}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 876, 5}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[85],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 877, 7}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 881, 7}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[86],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 884, 11}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 888, 7}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[87],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 895, 6}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 895, 11}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[88],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 901, 10}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 906, 6}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[89],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 911, 25}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 912, 10}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[90],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 936, 17}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 922, 25}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
-    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[16],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 200, 10}},
+    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[91],
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 947, 17}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
-    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[91],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 953, 4}},
+    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[16],
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 200, 10}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[92],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 957, 3}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 964, 4}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[93],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 960, 16}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 968, 3}},
+     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
+    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[94],
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 971, 16}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 234, 0}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10],
@@ -783,24 +792,24 @@ grpc_mdelem_data grpc_static_mdelem_table[GRPC_STATIC_MDELEM_COUNT] = {
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 377, 7}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 90, 20}},
-     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[94],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 976, 16}}},
+     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[95],
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 987, 16}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 90, 20}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[30],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 373, 4}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 90, 20}},
-     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[95],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 992, 13}}},
-    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 90, 20}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[96],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1005, 12}}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1003, 13}}},
     {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10],
       .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 90, 20}},
      {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[97],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1017, 21}}},
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1016, 12}}},
+    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10],
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 90, 20}},
+     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[98],
+      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1028, 21}}},
 };
-const uint8_t grpc_static_accept_encoding_metadata[8] = {0,  73, 74, 75,
-                                                         76, 77, 78, 79};
+const uint8_t grpc_static_accept_encoding_metadata[8] = {0,  74, 75, 76,
+                                                         77, 78, 79, 80};
diff --git a/src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.h b/src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.h
index dcbe418edc..84fb316fd6 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.h
+++ b/src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 
 #include "src/core/lib/transport/metadata.h"
 
-#define GRPC_STATIC_MDSTR_COUNT 98
+#define GRPC_STATIC_MDSTR_COUNT 99
 extern const grpc_slice grpc_static_slice_table[GRPC_STATIC_MDSTR_COUNT];
 /* ":path" */
 #define GRPC_MDSTR_PATH (grpc_static_slice_table[0])
@@ -205,47 +205,49 @@ extern const grpc_slice grpc_static_slice_table[GRPC_STATIC_MDSTR_COUNT];
 #define GRPC_MDSTR_IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE (grpc_static_slice_table[76])
 /* "last-modified" */
 #define GRPC_MDSTR_LAST_MODIFIED (grpc_static_slice_table[77])
+/* "lb-cost-bin" */
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_LB_COST_BIN (grpc_static_slice_table[78])
 /* "link" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_LINK (grpc_static_slice_table[78])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_LINK (grpc_static_slice_table[79])
 /* "location" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_LOCATION (grpc_static_slice_table[79])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_LOCATION (grpc_static_slice_table[80])
 /* "max-forwards" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_MAX_FORWARDS (grpc_static_slice_table[80])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_MAX_FORWARDS (grpc_static_slice_table[81])
 /* "proxy-authenticate" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_PROXY_AUTHENTICATE (grpc_static_slice_table[81])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_PROXY_AUTHENTICATE (grpc_static_slice_table[82])
 /* "proxy-authorization" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_PROXY_AUTHORIZATION (grpc_static_slice_table[82])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_PROXY_AUTHORIZATION (grpc_static_slice_table[83])
 /* "range" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_RANGE (grpc_static_slice_table[83])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_RANGE (grpc_static_slice_table[84])
 /* "referer" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_REFERER (grpc_static_slice_table[84])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_REFERER (grpc_static_slice_table[85])
 /* "refresh" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_REFRESH (grpc_static_slice_table[85])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_REFRESH (grpc_static_slice_table[86])
 /* "retry-after" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_RETRY_AFTER (grpc_static_slice_table[86])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_RETRY_AFTER (grpc_static_slice_table[87])
 /* "server" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_SERVER (grpc_static_slice_table[87])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_SERVER (grpc_static_slice_table[88])
 /* "set-cookie" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_SET_COOKIE (grpc_static_slice_table[88])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_SET_COOKIE (grpc_static_slice_table[89])
 /* "strict-transport-security" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_STRICT_TRANSPORT_SECURITY (grpc_static_slice_table[89])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_STRICT_TRANSPORT_SECURITY (grpc_static_slice_table[90])
 /* "transfer-encoding" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_TRANSFER_ENCODING (grpc_static_slice_table[90])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_TRANSFER_ENCODING (grpc_static_slice_table[91])
 /* "vary" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_VARY (grpc_static_slice_table[91])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_VARY (grpc_static_slice_table[92])
 /* "via" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_VIA (grpc_static_slice_table[92])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_VIA (grpc_static_slice_table[93])
 /* "www-authenticate" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_WWW_AUTHENTICATE (grpc_static_slice_table[93])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_WWW_AUTHENTICATE (grpc_static_slice_table[94])
 /* "identity,deflate" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_IDENTITY_COMMA_DEFLATE (grpc_static_slice_table[94])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_IDENTITY_COMMA_DEFLATE (grpc_static_slice_table[95])
 /* "identity,gzip" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_IDENTITY_COMMA_GZIP (grpc_static_slice_table[95])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_IDENTITY_COMMA_GZIP (grpc_static_slice_table[96])
 /* "deflate,gzip" */
-#define GRPC_MDSTR_DEFLATE_COMMA_GZIP (grpc_static_slice_table[96])
+#define GRPC_MDSTR_DEFLATE_COMMA_GZIP (grpc_static_slice_table[97])
 /* "identity,deflate,gzip" */
 #define GRPC_MDSTR_IDENTITY_COMMA_DEFLATE_COMMA_GZIP \
-  (grpc_static_slice_table[97])
+  (grpc_static_slice_table[98])
 
 extern const grpc_slice_refcount_vtable grpc_static_metadata_vtable;
 extern grpc_slice_refcount
@@ -257,7 +259,7 @@ extern grpc_slice_refcount
 #define GRPC_STATIC_METADATA_INDEX(static_slice) \
   ((int)((static_slice).refcount - grpc_static_metadata_refcounts))
 
-#define GRPC_STATIC_MDELEM_COUNT 80
+#define GRPC_STATIC_MDELEM_COUNT 81
 extern grpc_mdelem_data grpc_static_mdelem_table[GRPC_STATIC_MDELEM_COUNT];
 extern uintptr_t grpc_static_mdelem_user_data[GRPC_STATIC_MDELEM_COUNT];
 /* "grpc-status": "0" */
@@ -428,78 +430,81 @@ extern uintptr_t grpc_static_mdelem_user_data[GRPC_STATIC_MDELEM_COUNT];
 /* "lb-token": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_LB_TOKEN_EMPTY \
   (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[55], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+/* "lb-cost-bin": "" */
+#define GRPC_MDELEM_LB_COST_BIN_EMPTY \
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[56], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "link": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_LINK_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[56], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[57], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "location": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_LOCATION_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[57], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[58], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "max-forwards": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_MAX_FORWARDS_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[58], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[59], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "proxy-authenticate": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_PROXY_AUTHENTICATE_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[59], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[60], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "proxy-authorization": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_PROXY_AUTHORIZATION_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[60], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[61], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "range": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_RANGE_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[61], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[62], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "referer": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_REFERER_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[62], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[63], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "refresh": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_REFRESH_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[63], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[64], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "retry-after": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_RETRY_AFTER_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[64], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[65], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "server": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_SERVER_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[65], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[66], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "set-cookie": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_SET_COOKIE_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[66], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[67], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "strict-transport-security": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_STRICT_TRANSPORT_SECURITY_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[67], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[68], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "transfer-encoding": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_TRANSFER_ENCODING_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[68], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[69], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "user-agent": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_USER_AGENT_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[69], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[70], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "vary": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_VARY_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[70], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[71], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "via": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_VIA_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[71], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[72], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "www-authenticate": "" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_WWW_AUTHENTICATE_EMPTY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[72], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[73], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "grpc-accept-encoding": "identity" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_GRPC_ACCEPT_ENCODING_IDENTITY \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[73], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[74], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "grpc-accept-encoding": "deflate" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_GRPC_ACCEPT_ENCODING_DEFLATE \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[74], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[75], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "grpc-accept-encoding": "identity,deflate" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_GRPC_ACCEPT_ENCODING_IDENTITY_COMMA_DEFLATE \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[75], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[76], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "grpc-accept-encoding": "gzip" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_GRPC_ACCEPT_ENCODING_GZIP \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[76], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[77], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "grpc-accept-encoding": "identity,gzip" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_GRPC_ACCEPT_ENCODING_IDENTITY_COMMA_GZIP \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[77], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[78], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "grpc-accept-encoding": "deflate,gzip" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_GRPC_ACCEPT_ENCODING_DEFLATE_COMMA_GZIP \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[78], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[79], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 /* "grpc-accept-encoding": "identity,deflate,gzip" */
 #define GRPC_MDELEM_GRPC_ACCEPT_ENCODING_IDENTITY_COMMA_DEFLATE_COMMA_GZIP \
-  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[79], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
+  (GRPC_MAKE_MDELEM(&grpc_static_mdelem_table[80], GRPC_MDELEM_STORAGE_STATIC))
 
 grpc_mdelem grpc_static_mdelem_for_static_strings(int a, int b);
 typedef enum {
diff --git a/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.c b/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.c
index 984f745b01..5f4705db92 100644
--- a/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.c
+++ b/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.c
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include <ws2tcpip.h>
 #else
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
 #endif
 
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
diff --git a/src/cpp/client/channel_cc.cc b/src/cpp/client/channel_cc.cc
index c985183ae7..fac1ba9d43 100644
--- a/src/cpp/client/channel_cc.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/client/channel_cc.cc
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ void Channel::PerformOpsOnCall(CallOpSetInterface* ops, Call* call) {
   static const size_t MAX_OPS = 8;
   size_t nops = 0;
   grpc_op cops[MAX_OPS];
-  ops->FillOps(cops, &nops);
+  ops->FillOps(call->call(), cops, &nops);
   GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK ==
              grpc_call_start_batch(call->call(), cops, nops, ops, nullptr));
 }
diff --git a/src/cpp/client/client_context.cc b/src/cpp/client/client_context.cc
index 3d884cf62e..2516232840 100644
--- a/src/cpp/client/client_context.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/client/client_context.cc
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ ClientContext::ClientContext()
 
 ClientContext::~ClientContext() {
   if (call_) {
-    grpc_call_destroy(call_);
+    grpc_call_unref(call_);
   }
   g_client_callbacks->Destructor(this);
 }
diff --git a/src/cpp/client/generic_stub.cc b/src/cpp/client/generic_stub.cc
index 7a2fdf941c..4adb2a5359 100644
--- a/src/cpp/client/generic_stub.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/client/generic_stub.cc
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<GenericClientAsyncReaderWriter> GenericStub::Call(
     ClientContext* context, const grpc::string& method, CompletionQueue* cq,
     void* tag) {
   return std::unique_ptr<GenericClientAsyncReaderWriter>(
-      new GenericClientAsyncReaderWriter(
+      GenericClientAsyncReaderWriter::Create(
           channel_.get(), cq,
           RpcMethod(method.c_str(), RpcMethod::BIDI_STREAMING), context, tag));
 }
diff --git a/src/cpp/common/core_codegen.cc b/src/cpp/common/core_codegen.cc
index 0dd758ec4e..4f8b826aec 100644
--- a/src/cpp/common/core_codegen.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/common/core_codegen.cc
@@ -96,6 +96,12 @@ void CoreCodegen::grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(grpc_byte_buffer* bb) {
   ::grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(bb);
 }
 
+void CoreCodegen::grpc_call_ref(grpc_call* call) { ::grpc_call_ref(call); }
+void CoreCodegen::grpc_call_unref(grpc_call* call) { ::grpc_call_unref(call); }
+void* CoreCodegen::grpc_call_arena_alloc(grpc_call* call, size_t length) {
+  return ::grpc_call_arena_alloc(call, length);
+}
+
 int CoreCodegen::grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(grpc_byte_buffer_reader* reader,
                                               grpc_byte_buffer* buffer) {
   return ::grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(reader, buffer);
diff --git a/src/cpp/server/server_cc.cc b/src/cpp/server/server_cc.cc
index 62ded0d239..b4d6961db8 100644
--- a/src/cpp/server/server_cc.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/server/server_cc.cc
@@ -328,14 +328,18 @@ class Server::SyncRequestThreadManager : public ThreadManager {
     }
   }
 
-  void ShutdownAndDrainCompletionQueue() {
+  void Shutdown() override {
     server_cq_->Shutdown();
+    ThreadManager::Shutdown();
+  }
 
+  void Wait() override {
+    ThreadManager::Wait();
     // Drain any pending items from the queue
     void* tag;
     bool ok;
     while (server_cq_->Next(&tag, &ok)) {
-      // Nothing to be done here
+      // Do nothing
     }
   }
 
@@ -415,7 +419,7 @@ Server::~Server() {
     } else if (!started_) {
       // Shutdown the completion queues
       for (auto it = sync_req_mgrs_.begin(); it != sync_req_mgrs_.end(); it++) {
-        (*it)->ShutdownAndDrainCompletionQueue();
+        (*it)->Shutdown();
       }
     }
   }
@@ -579,7 +583,6 @@ void Server::ShutdownInternal(gpr_timespec deadline) {
     // Wait for threads in all ThreadManagers to terminate
     for (auto it = sync_req_mgrs_.begin(); it != sync_req_mgrs_.end(); it++) {
       (*it)->Wait();
-      (*it)->ShutdownAndDrainCompletionQueue();
     }
 
     // Drain the shutdown queue (if the previous call to AsyncNext() timed out
@@ -604,7 +607,7 @@ void Server::PerformOpsOnCall(CallOpSetInterface* ops, Call* call) {
   static const size_t MAX_OPS = 8;
   size_t nops = 0;
   grpc_op cops[MAX_OPS];
-  ops->FillOps(cops, &nops);
+  ops->FillOps(call->call(), cops, &nops);
   auto result = grpc_call_start_batch(call->call(), cops, nops, ops, nullptr);
   GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == result);
 }
diff --git a/src/cpp/server/server_context.cc b/src/cpp/server/server_context.cc
index afc9873c14..923556413e 100644
--- a/src/cpp/server/server_context.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/server/server_context.cc
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class ServerContext::CompletionOp final : public CallOpSetInterface {
         finalized_(false),
         cancelled_(0) {}
 
-  void FillOps(grpc_op* ops, size_t* nops) override;
+  void FillOps(grpc_call* call, grpc_op* ops, size_t* nops) override;
   bool FinalizeResult(void** tag, bool* status) override;
 
   bool CheckCancelled(CompletionQueue* cq) {
@@ -100,7 +100,8 @@ void ServerContext::CompletionOp::Unref() {
   }
 }
 
-void ServerContext::CompletionOp::FillOps(grpc_op* ops, size_t* nops) {
+void ServerContext::CompletionOp::FillOps(grpc_call* call, grpc_op* ops,
+                                          size_t* nops) {
   ops->op = GRPC_OP_RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER;
   ops->data.recv_close_on_server.cancelled = &cancelled_;
   ops->flags = 0;
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ ServerContext::ServerContext(gpr_timespec deadline, grpc_metadata_array* arr)
 
 ServerContext::~ServerContext() {
   if (call_) {
-    grpc_call_destroy(call_);
+    grpc_call_unref(call_);
   }
   if (completion_op_) {
     completion_op_->Unref();
@@ -229,17 +230,9 @@ const struct census_context* ServerContext::census_context() const {
 void ServerContext::SetLoadReportingCosts(
     const std::vector<grpc::string>& cost_data) {
   if (call_ == nullptr) return;
-  grpc_load_reporting_cost_context* cost_ctx =
-      static_cast<grpc_load_reporting_cost_context*>(
-          gpr_malloc(sizeof(*cost_ctx)));
-  cost_ctx->values_count = cost_data.size();
-  cost_ctx->values = static_cast<grpc_slice*>(
-      gpr_malloc(sizeof(*cost_ctx->values) * cost_ctx->values_count));
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < cost_ctx->values_count; ++i) {
-    cost_ctx->values[i] =
-        grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(cost_data[i].data(), cost_data[i].size());
+  for (const auto& cost_datum : cost_data) {
+    AddTrailingMetadata(GRPC_LB_COST_MD_KEY, cost_datum);
   }
-  grpc_call_set_load_reporting_cost_context(call_, cost_ctx);
 }
 
 }  // namespace grpc
diff --git a/src/cpp/thread_manager/thread_manager.cc b/src/cpp/thread_manager/thread_manager.cc
index 1450d009e4..a463a4388a 100644
--- a/src/cpp/thread_manager/thread_manager.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/thread_manager/thread_manager.cc
@@ -98,80 +98,78 @@ void ThreadManager::MarkAsCompleted(WorkerThread* thd) {
 }
 
 void ThreadManager::CleanupCompletedThreads() {
-  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(list_mu_);
-  for (auto thd = completed_threads_.begin(); thd != completed_threads_.end();
-       thd = completed_threads_.erase(thd)) {
-    delete *thd;
+  std::list<WorkerThread*> completed_threads;
+  {
+    // swap out the completed threads list: allows other threads to clean up
+    // more quickly
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(list_mu_);
+    completed_threads.swap(completed_threads_);
   }
+  for (auto thd : completed_threads) delete thd;
 }
 
 void ThreadManager::Initialize() {
-  for (int i = 0; i < min_pollers_; i++) {
-    MaybeCreatePoller();
-  }
-}
-
-// If the number of pollers (i.e threads currently blocked in PollForWork()) is
-// less than max threshold (i.e max_pollers_) and the total number of threads is
-// below the maximum threshold, we can let the current thread continue as poller
-bool ThreadManager::MaybeContinueAsPoller() {
-  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mu_);
-  if (shutdown_ || num_pollers_ > max_pollers_) {
-    return false;
+  {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mu_);
+    num_pollers_ = min_pollers_;
+    num_threads_ = min_pollers_;
   }
 
-  num_pollers_++;
-  return true;
-}
-
-// Create a new poller if the current number of pollers i.e num_pollers_ (i.e
-// threads currently blocked in PollForWork()) is below the threshold (i.e
-// min_pollers_) and the total number of threads is below the maximum threshold
-void ThreadManager::MaybeCreatePoller() {
-  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mu_);
-  if (!shutdown_ && num_pollers_ < min_pollers_) {
-    num_pollers_++;
-    num_threads_++;
-
+  for (int i = 0; i < min_pollers_; i++) {
     // Create a new thread (which ends up calling the MainWorkLoop() function
     new WorkerThread(this);
   }
 }
 
 void ThreadManager::MainWorkLoop() {
-  void* tag;
-  bool ok;
-
-  /*
-   1. Poll for work (i.e PollForWork())
-   2. After returning from PollForWork, reduce the number of pollers by 1. If
-      PollForWork() returned a TIMEOUT, then it may indicate that we have more
-      polling threads than needed. Check if the number of pollers is greater
-      than min_pollers and if so, terminate the thread.
-   3. Since we are short of one poller now, see if a new poller has to be
-      created (i.e see MaybeCreatePoller() for more details)
-   4. Do the actual work (DoWork())
-   5. After doing the work, see it this thread can resume polling work (i.e
-      see MaybeContinueAsPoller() for more details) */
-  do {
+  while (true) {
+    void* tag;
+    bool ok;
     WorkStatus work_status = PollForWork(&tag, &ok);
 
-    {
-      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mu_);
-      num_pollers_--;
-
-      if (work_status == TIMEOUT && num_pollers_ > min_pollers_) {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mu_);
+    // Reduce the number of pollers by 1 and check what happened with the poll
+    num_pollers_--;
+    bool done = false;
+    switch (work_status) {
+      case TIMEOUT:
+        // If we timed out and we have more pollers than we need (or we are
+        // shutdown), finish this thread
+        if (shutdown_ || num_pollers_ > max_pollers_) done = true;
+        break;
+      case SHUTDOWN:
+        // If the thread manager is shutdown, finish this thread
+        done = true;
+        break;
+      case WORK_FOUND:
+        // If we got work and there are now insufficient pollers, start a new
+        // one
+        if (!shutdown_ && num_pollers_ < min_pollers_) {
+          num_pollers_++;
+          num_threads_++;
+          // Drop lock before spawning thread to avoid contention
+          lock.unlock();
+          new WorkerThread(this);
+        } else {
+          // Drop lock for consistency with above branch
+          lock.unlock();
+        }
+        // Lock is always released at this point - do the application work
+        DoWork(tag, ok);
+        // Take the lock again to check post conditions
+        lock.lock();
+        // If we're shutdown, we should finish at this point.
+        if (shutdown_) done = true;
         break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Note that MaybeCreatePoller does check for shutdown and creates a new
-    // thread only if ThreadManager is not shutdown
-    if (work_status == WORK_FOUND) {
-      MaybeCreatePoller();
-      DoWork(tag, ok);
     }
-  } while (MaybeContinueAsPoller());
+    // If we decided to finish the thread, break out of the while loop
+    if (done) break;
+    // ... otherwise increase poller count and continue
+    // There's a chance that we'll exceed the max poller count: that is
+    // explicitly ok - we'll decrease after one poll timeout, and prevent
+    // some thrashing starting up and shutting down threads
+    num_pollers_++;
+  };
 
   CleanupCompletedThreads();
 
diff --git a/src/cpp/thread_manager/thread_manager.h b/src/cpp/thread_manager/thread_manager.h
index 9c0569c62c..d1050f6ded 100644
--- a/src/cpp/thread_manager/thread_manager.h
+++ b/src/cpp/thread_manager/thread_manager.h
@@ -89,14 +89,14 @@ class ThreadManager {
   // Mark the ThreadManager as shutdown and begin draining the work. This is a
   // non-blocking call and the caller should call Wait(), a blocking call which
   // returns only once the shutdown is complete
-  void Shutdown();
+  virtual void Shutdown();
 
   // Has Shutdown() been called
   bool IsShutdown();
 
   // A blocking call that returns only after the ThreadManager has shutdown and
   // all the threads have drained all the outstanding work
-  void Wait();
+  virtual void Wait();
 
  private:
   // Helper wrapper class around std::thread. This takes a ThreadManager object
@@ -122,14 +122,6 @@ class ThreadManager {
   // The main funtion in ThreadManager
   void MainWorkLoop();
 
-  // Create a new poller if the number of current pollers is less than the
-  // minimum number of pollers needed (i.e min_pollers).
-  void MaybeCreatePoller();
-
-  // Returns true if the current thread can resume as a poller. i.e if the
-  // current number of pollers is less than the max_pollers.
-  bool MaybeContinueAsPoller();
-
   void MarkAsCompleted(WorkerThread* thd);
   void CleanupCompletedThreads();
 
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/AppDomainUnloadTest.cs b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/AppDomainUnloadTest.cs
index d7ebdb4201..7858e77b27 100644
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/AppDomainUnloadTest.cs
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/AppDomainUnloadTest.cs
@@ -72,10 +72,6 @@ namespace Grpc.Core.Tests
             public AppDomainTestClass()
             {
                 var helper = new MockServiceHelper(Host);
-                var server = helper.GetServer();
-                server.Start();
-                var channel = helper.GetChannel();
-
                 var readyToShutdown = new TaskCompletionSource<object>();
                 helper.DuplexStreamingHandler = new DuplexStreamingServerMethod<string, string>(async (requestStream, responseStream, context) =>
                 {
@@ -83,6 +79,10 @@ namespace Grpc.Core.Tests
                     await requestStream.ToListAsync();
                 });
 
+                var server = helper.GetServer();
+                server.Start();
+                var channel = helper.GetChannel();
+
                 var call = Calls.AsyncDuplexStreamingCall(helper.CreateDuplexStreamingCall());
                 readyToShutdown.Task.Wait();  // make sure handler is running
             }
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/MockServiceHelper.cs b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/MockServiceHelper.cs
index 4d90470056..c57c260c96 100644
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/MockServiceHelper.cs
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/MockServiceHelper.cs
@@ -141,7 +141,8 @@ namespace Grpc.Core.Tests
         {
             if (server == null)
             {
-                server = new Server
+                // Disable SO_REUSEPORT to prevent https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/10755
+                server = new Server(new[] { new ChannelOption(ChannelOptions.SoReuseport, 0) })
                 {
                     Services = { serviceDefinition },
                     Ports = { { Host, ServerPort.PickUnused, ServerCredentials.Insecure } }
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/UserAgentStringTest.cs b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/UserAgentStringTest.cs
index cc830086a6..74b4997f69 100644
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/UserAgentStringTest.cs
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/UserAgentStringTest.cs
@@ -63,10 +63,6 @@ namespace Grpc.Core.Tests
         public void DefaultUserAgentString()
         {
             helper = new MockServiceHelper(Host);
-            server = helper.GetServer();
-            server.Start();
-            channel = helper.GetChannel();
-
             helper.UnaryHandler = new UnaryServerMethod<string, string>((request, context) =>
             {
                 var userAgentString = context.RequestHeaders.First(m => (m.Key == "user-agent")).Value;
@@ -75,6 +71,11 @@ namespace Grpc.Core.Tests
                 Assert.IsTrue(parts[1].StartsWith("grpc-c/"));
                 return Task.FromResult("PASS");
             });
+
+            server = helper.GetServer();
+            server.Start();
+            channel = helper.GetChannel();
+
             Assert.AreEqual("PASS", Calls.BlockingUnaryCall(helper.CreateUnaryCall(), ""));
         }
 
@@ -83,11 +84,6 @@ namespace Grpc.Core.Tests
         {
             helper = new MockServiceHelper(Host,
                 channelOptions: new[] { new ChannelOption(ChannelOptions.PrimaryUserAgentString, "XYZ") });
-            server = helper.GetServer();
-            server.Start();
-            channel = helper.GetChannel();
-            
-            channel = helper.GetChannel();
             helper.UnaryHandler = new UnaryServerMethod<string, string>((request, context) =>
             {
                 var userAgentString = context.RequestHeaders.First(m => (m.Key == "user-agent")).Value;
@@ -95,6 +91,11 @@ namespace Grpc.Core.Tests
                 Assert.AreEqual("XYZ", parts[0]);
                 return Task.FromResult("PASS");
             });
+
+            server = helper.GetServer();
+            server.Start();
+            channel = helper.GetChannel();
+
             Assert.AreEqual("PASS", Calls.BlockingUnaryCall(helper.CreateUnaryCall(), ""));
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core/ChannelOptions.cs b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core/ChannelOptions.cs
index 46a2c6695f..5de9b1ee3c 100644
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core/ChannelOptions.cs
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core/ChannelOptions.cs
@@ -172,6 +172,9 @@ namespace Grpc.Core
         /// <summary>Secondary user agent: goes at the end of the user-agent metadata</summary>
         public const string SecondaryUserAgentString = "grpc.secondary_user_agent";
 
+        /// <summary>If non-zero, allow the use of SO_REUSEPORT for server if it's available (default 1)</summary>
+        public const string SoReuseport = "grpc.so_reuseport";
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates native object for a collection of channel options.
         /// </summary>
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.Tests/MathClientServerTests.cs b/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.Tests/MathClientServerTests.cs
index 50dacc2eaa..02bcd18cb5 100644
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.Tests/MathClientServerTests.cs
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.Tests/MathClientServerTests.cs
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ namespace Math.Tests
         [TestFixtureSetUp]
         public void Init()
         {
-            server = new Server
+            // Disable SO_REUSEPORT to prevent https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/10755
+            server = new Server(new[] { new ChannelOption(ChannelOptions.SoReuseport, 0) })
             {
                 Services = { Math.BindService(new MathServiceImpl()) },
                 Ports = { { Host, ServerPort.PickUnused, ServerCredentials.Insecure } }
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests/HealthClientServerTest.cs b/src/csharp/Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests/HealthClientServerTest.cs
index 25a58fb386..0ebc3c3370 100644
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests/HealthClientServerTest.cs
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests/HealthClientServerTest.cs
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ namespace Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests
         {
             serviceImpl = new HealthServiceImpl();
 
-            server = new Server
+            // Disable SO_REUSEPORT to prevent https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/10755
+            server = new Server(new[] { new ChannelOption(ChannelOptions.SoReuseport, 0) })
             {
                 Services = { Grpc.Health.V1.Health.BindService(serviceImpl) },
                 Ports = { { Host, ServerPort.PickUnused, ServerCredentials.Insecure } }
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/GeneratedServiceBaseTest.cs b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/GeneratedServiceBaseTest.cs
index 4216dc1d6b..780a9b7304 100644
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/GeneratedServiceBaseTest.cs
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/GeneratedServiceBaseTest.cs
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ namespace Grpc.IntegrationTesting
         [SetUp]
         public void Init()
         {
-            server = new Server
+            // Disable SO_REUSEPORT to prevent https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/10755
+            server = new Server(new[] { new ChannelOption(ChannelOptions.SoReuseport, 0) })
             {
                 Services = { TestService.BindService(new UnimplementedTestServiceImpl()) },
                 Ports = { { Host, ServerPort.PickUnused, SslServerCredentials.Insecure } }
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/InteropClientServerTest.cs b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/InteropClientServerTest.cs
index 4960a53f92..04f833fcf5 100644
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/InteropClientServerTest.cs
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/InteropClientServerTest.cs
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ namespace Grpc.IntegrationTesting
         [TestFixtureSetUp]
         public void Init()
         {
-            server = new Server
+            // Disable SO_REUSEPORT to prevent https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/10755
+            server = new Server(new[] { new ChannelOption(ChannelOptions.SoReuseport, 0) })
             {
                 Services = { TestService.BindService(new TestServiceImpl()) },
                 Ports = { { Host, ServerPort.PickUnused, TestCredentials.CreateSslServerCredentials() } }
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/MetadataCredentialsTest.cs b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/MetadataCredentialsTest.cs
index d55e658d94..ef63f530f6 100644
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/MetadataCredentialsTest.cs
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/MetadataCredentialsTest.cs
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ namespace Grpc.IntegrationTesting
         [SetUp]
         public void Init()
         {
-            server = new Server
+            // Disable SO_REUSEPORT to prevent https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/10755
+            server = new Server(new[] { new ChannelOption(ChannelOptions.SoReuseport, 0) })
             {
                 Services = { TestService.BindService(new FakeTestService()) },
                 Ports = { { Host, ServerPort.PickUnused, TestCredentials.CreateSslServerCredentials() } }
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/SslCredentialsTest.cs b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/SslCredentialsTest.cs
index 377dad63f4..48ecc2344f 100644
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/SslCredentialsTest.cs
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/SslCredentialsTest.cs
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ namespace Grpc.IntegrationTesting
             var serverCredentials = new SslServerCredentials(new[] { keyCertPair }, rootCert, true);
             var clientCredentials = new SslCredentials(rootCert, keyCertPair);
 
-            server = new Server
+            // Disable SO_REUSEPORT to prevent https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/10755
+            server = new Server(new[] { new ChannelOption(ChannelOptions.SoReuseport, 0) })
             {
                 Services = { TestService.BindService(new SslCredentialsTestServiceImpl()) },
                 Ports = { { Host, ServerPort.PickUnused, serverCredentials } }
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Reflection.Tests/ReflectionClientServerTest.cs b/src/csharp/Grpc.Reflection.Tests/ReflectionClientServerTest.cs
index 1d0845e276..22edbed040 100644
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Reflection.Tests/ReflectionClientServerTest.cs
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Reflection.Tests/ReflectionClientServerTest.cs
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ namespace Grpc.Reflection.Tests
         {
             serviceImpl = new ReflectionServiceImpl(ServerReflection.Descriptor);
 
-            server = new Server
+            // Disable SO_REUSEPORT to prevent https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/10755
+            server = new Server(new[] { new ChannelOption(ChannelOptions.SoReuseport, 0) })
             {
                 Services = { ServerReflection.BindService(serviceImpl) },
                 Ports = { { Host, ServerPort.PickUnused, ServerCredentials.Insecure } }
diff --git a/src/csharp/ext/grpc_csharp_ext.c b/src/csharp/ext/grpc_csharp_ext.c
index 27de7bc11f..f6cff454bd 100644
--- a/src/csharp/ext/grpc_csharp_ext.c
+++ b/src/csharp/ext/grpc_csharp_ext.c
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@
 #include "src/core/lib/support/string.h"
 
 #include <grpc/byte_buffer_reader.h>
-#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
+#include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
+#include <grpc/slice.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
-#include <grpc/slice.h>
+#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
 #include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
 #include <grpc/support/thd.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
 
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ typedef struct grpcsharp_batch_context {
   int recv_close_on_server_cancelled;
 } grpcsharp_batch_context;
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpcsharp_batch_context *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_batch_context_create() {
+GPR_EXPORT grpcsharp_batch_context *GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_batch_context_create() {
   grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpcsharp_batch_context));
   memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(grpcsharp_batch_context));
   return ctx;
@@ -96,8 +97,10 @@ typedef struct {
   grpc_metadata_array request_metadata;
 } grpcsharp_request_call_context;
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpcsharp_request_call_context *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_request_call_context_create() {
-  grpcsharp_request_call_context *ctx = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpcsharp_request_call_context));
+GPR_EXPORT grpcsharp_request_call_context *GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_request_call_context_create() {
+  grpcsharp_request_call_context *ctx =
+      gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpcsharp_request_call_context));
   memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(grpcsharp_request_call_context));
   return ctx;
 }
@@ -175,15 +178,15 @@ grpcsharp_metadata_array_count(grpc_metadata_array *array) {
   return (intptr_t)array->count;
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT const char *GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_metadata_array_get_key(grpc_metadata_array *array, size_t index, size_t *key_length) {
+GPR_EXPORT const char *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_metadata_array_get_key(
+    grpc_metadata_array *array, size_t index, size_t *key_length) {
   GPR_ASSERT(index < array->count);
   *key_length = GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(array->metadata[index].key);
   return (char *)GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(array->metadata[index].key);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT const char *GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_metadata_array_get_value(grpc_metadata_array *array, size_t index, size_t *value_length) {
+GPR_EXPORT const char *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_metadata_array_get_value(
+    grpc_metadata_array *array, size_t index, size_t *value_length) {
   GPR_ASSERT(index < array->count);
   *value_length = GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(array->metadata[index].value);
   return (char *)GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(array->metadata[index].value);
@@ -208,7 +211,8 @@ void grpcsharp_metadata_array_move(grpc_metadata_array *dest,
   src->metadata = NULL;
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_batch_context_destroy(grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx) {
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_batch_context_destroy(grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx) {
   if (!ctx) {
     return;
   }
@@ -231,7 +235,8 @@ GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_batch_context_destroy(grpcsharp_batch_con
   gpr_free(ctx);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_request_call_context_destroy(grpcsharp_request_call_context *ctx) {
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_request_call_context_destroy(grpcsharp_request_call_context *ctx) {
   if (!ctx) {
     return;
   }
@@ -240,8 +245,7 @@ GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_request_call_context_destroy(grpcsharp_re
      to take its ownership. */
 
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&(ctx->call_details));
-  grpcsharp_metadata_array_destroy_metadata_only(
-      &(ctx->request_metadata));
+  grpcsharp_metadata_array_destroy_metadata_only(&(ctx->request_metadata));
 
   gpr_free(ctx);
 }
@@ -299,8 +303,10 @@ grpcsharp_batch_context_recv_status_on_client_status(
 GPR_EXPORT const char *GPR_CALLTYPE
 grpcsharp_batch_context_recv_status_on_client_details(
     const grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx, size_t *details_length) {
-  *details_length = GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(ctx->recv_status_on_client.status_details);
-  return (char *)GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(ctx->recv_status_on_client.status_details);
+  *details_length =
+      GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(ctx->recv_status_on_client.status_details);
+  return (char *)GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(
+      ctx->recv_status_on_client.status_details);
 }
 
 GPR_EXPORT const grpc_metadata_array *GPR_CALLTYPE
@@ -309,13 +315,12 @@ grpcsharp_batch_context_recv_status_on_client_trailing_metadata(
   return &(ctx->recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_call *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_request_call_context_call(
-    const grpcsharp_request_call_context *ctx) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_call *GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_request_call_context_call(const grpcsharp_request_call_context *ctx) {
   return ctx->call;
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT const char *GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_request_call_context_method(
+GPR_EXPORT const char *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_request_call_context_method(
     const grpcsharp_request_call_context *ctx, size_t *method_length) {
   *method_length = GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(ctx->call_details.method);
   return (char *)GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(ctx->call_details.method);
@@ -327,8 +332,7 @@ GPR_EXPORT const char *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_request_call_context_host(
   return (char *)GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(ctx->call_details.host);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT gpr_timespec GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_request_call_context_deadline(
+GPR_EXPORT gpr_timespec GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_request_call_context_deadline(
     const grpcsharp_request_call_context *ctx) {
   return ctx->call_details.deadline;
 }
@@ -342,7 +346,7 @@ grpcsharp_request_call_context_request_metadata(
 GPR_EXPORT int32_t GPR_CALLTYPE
 grpcsharp_batch_context_recv_close_on_server_cancelled(
     const grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx) {
-  return (int32_t) ctx->recv_close_on_server_cancelled;
+  return (int32_t)ctx->recv_close_on_server_cancelled;
 }
 
 /* Init & shutdown */
@@ -389,7 +393,8 @@ grpcsharp_completion_queue_pluck(grpc_completion_queue *cq, void *tag) {
 
 GPR_EXPORT grpc_channel *GPR_CALLTYPE
 
-grpcsharp_insecure_channel_create(const char *target, const grpc_channel_args *args) {
+grpcsharp_insecure_channel_create(const char *target,
+                                  const grpc_channel_args *args) {
   return grpc_insecure_channel_create(target, args, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -397,12 +402,10 @@ GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_channel_destroy(grpc_channel *channel) {
   grpc_channel_destroy(channel);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_call *GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_channel_create_call(grpc_channel *channel, grpc_call *parent_call,
-                              uint32_t propagation_mask,
-                              grpc_completion_queue *cq,
-                              const char *method, const char *host,
-                              gpr_timespec deadline) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_call *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_channel_create_call(
+    grpc_channel *channel, grpc_call *parent_call, uint32_t propagation_mask,
+    grpc_completion_queue *cq, const char *method, const char *host,
+    gpr_timespec deadline) {
   grpc_slice method_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_string(method);
   grpc_slice *host_slice_ptr = NULL;
   grpc_slice host_slice;
@@ -415,18 +418,21 @@ grpcsharp_channel_create_call(grpc_channel *channel, grpc_call *parent_call,
 }
 
 GPR_EXPORT grpc_connectivity_state GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_channel_check_connectivity_state(grpc_channel *channel, int32_t try_to_connect) {
+grpcsharp_channel_check_connectivity_state(grpc_channel *channel,
+                                           int32_t try_to_connect) {
   return grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(channel, try_to_connect);
 }
 
 GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_channel_watch_connectivity_state(
     grpc_channel *channel, grpc_connectivity_state last_observed_state,
-    gpr_timespec deadline, grpc_completion_queue *cq, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx) {
-  grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state(channel, last_observed_state,
-                                        deadline, cq, ctx);
+    gpr_timespec deadline, grpc_completion_queue *cq,
+    grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx) {
+  grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state(channel, last_observed_state, deadline,
+                                        cq, ctx);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT char *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_channel_get_target(grpc_channel *channel) {
+GPR_EXPORT char *GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_channel_get_target(grpc_channel *channel) {
   return grpc_channel_get_target(channel);
 }
 
@@ -444,9 +450,8 @@ grpcsharp_channel_args_create(size_t num_args) {
   return args;
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_channel_args_set_string(grpc_channel_args *args, size_t index,
-                                  const char *key, const char *value) {
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_channel_args_set_string(
+    grpc_channel_args *args, size_t index, const char *key, const char *value) {
   GPR_ASSERT(args);
   GPR_ASSERT(index < args->num_args);
   args->args[index].type = GRPC_ARG_STRING;
@@ -454,9 +459,8 @@ grpcsharp_channel_args_set_string(grpc_channel_args *args, size_t index,
   args->args[index].value.string = gpr_strdup(value);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_channel_args_set_integer(grpc_channel_args *args, size_t index,
-                                  const char *key, int value) {
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_channel_args_set_integer(
+    grpc_channel_args *args, size_t index, const char *key, int value) {
   GPR_ASSERT(args);
   GPR_ASSERT(index < args->num_args);
   args->args[index].type = GRPC_ARG_INTEGER;
@@ -485,15 +489,18 @@ GPR_EXPORT gpr_timespec GPR_CALLTYPE gprsharp_now(gpr_clock_type clock_type) {
   return gpr_now(clock_type);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT gpr_timespec GPR_CALLTYPE gprsharp_inf_future(gpr_clock_type clock_type) {
+GPR_EXPORT gpr_timespec GPR_CALLTYPE
+gprsharp_inf_future(gpr_clock_type clock_type) {
   return gpr_inf_future(clock_type);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT gpr_timespec GPR_CALLTYPE gprsharp_inf_past(gpr_clock_type clock_type) {
+GPR_EXPORT gpr_timespec GPR_CALLTYPE
+gprsharp_inf_past(gpr_clock_type clock_type) {
   return gpr_inf_past(clock_type);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT gpr_timespec GPR_CALLTYPE gprsharp_convert_clock_type(gpr_timespec t, gpr_clock_type target_clock) {
+GPR_EXPORT gpr_timespec GPR_CALLTYPE
+gprsharp_convert_clock_type(gpr_timespec t, gpr_clock_type target_clock) {
   return gpr_convert_clock_type(t, target_clock);
 }
 
@@ -507,9 +514,8 @@ GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_cancel(grpc_call *call) {
   return grpc_call_cancel(call, NULL);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_call_cancel_with_status(grpc_call *call, grpc_status_code status,
-                                  const char *description) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_cancel_with_status(
+    grpc_call *call, grpc_status_code status, const char *description) {
   return grpc_call_cancel_with_status(call, status, description, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -517,18 +523,16 @@ GPR_EXPORT char *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_get_peer(grpc_call *call) {
   return grpc_call_get_peer(call);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE gprsharp_free(void *p) {
-  gpr_free(p);
-}
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE gprsharp_free(void *p) { gpr_free(p); }
 
 GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_destroy(grpc_call *call) {
-  grpc_call_destroy(call);
+  grpc_call_unref(call);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_call_start_unary(grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx,
-                           const char *send_buffer, size_t send_buffer_len, uint32_t write_flags,
-                           grpc_metadata_array *initial_metadata, uint32_t initial_metadata_flags) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_start_unary(
+    grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx, const char *send_buffer,
+    size_t send_buffer_len, uint32_t write_flags,
+    grpc_metadata_array *initial_metadata, uint32_t initial_metadata_flags) {
   /* TODO: don't use magic number */
   grpc_op ops[6];
   memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
@@ -576,11 +580,9 @@ grpcsharp_call_start_unary(grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx,
                                NULL);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_call_start_client_streaming(grpc_call *call,
-                                      grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx,
-                                      grpc_metadata_array *initial_metadata,
-                                      uint32_t initial_metadata_flags) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_start_client_streaming(
+    grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx,
+    grpc_metadata_array *initial_metadata, uint32_t initial_metadata_flags) {
   /* TODO: don't use magic number */
   grpc_op ops[4];
   memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
@@ -658,11 +660,9 @@ GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_start_server_streaming(
                                NULL);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_call_start_duplex_streaming(grpc_call *call,
-                                      grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx,
-                                      grpc_metadata_array *initial_metadata,
-                                      uint32_t initial_metadata_flags) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_start_duplex_streaming(
+    grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx,
+    grpc_metadata_array *initial_metadata, uint32_t initial_metadata_flags) {
   /* TODO: don't use magic number */
   grpc_op ops[2];
   memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ grpcsharp_call_start_duplex_streaming(grpc_call *call,
 }
 
 GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_recv_initial_metadata(
-  grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx) {
+    grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx) {
   /* TODO: don't use magic number */
   grpc_op ops[1];
   ops[0].op = GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA;
@@ -700,14 +700,13 @@ GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_recv_initial_metadata(
   ops[0].reserved = NULL;
 
   return grpc_call_start_batch(call, ops, sizeof(ops) / sizeof(ops[0]), ctx,
-    NULL);
+                               NULL);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_call_send_message(grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx,
-                            const char *send_buffer, size_t send_buffer_len,
-                            uint32_t write_flags,
-                            int32_t send_empty_initial_metadata) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_send_message(
+    grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx, const char *send_buffer,
+    size_t send_buffer_len, uint32_t write_flags,
+    int32_t send_empty_initial_metadata) {
   /* TODO: don't use magic number */
   grpc_op ops[2];
   memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
@@ -724,9 +723,8 @@ grpcsharp_call_send_message(grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx,
   return grpc_call_start_batch(call, ops, nops, ctx, NULL);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_call_send_close_from_client(grpc_call *call,
-                                      grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_send_close_from_client(
+    grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx) {
   /* TODO: don't use magic number */
   grpc_op ops[1];
   ops[0].op = GRPC_OP_SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT;
@@ -740,14 +738,15 @@ grpcsharp_call_send_close_from_client(grpc_call *call,
 GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_send_status_from_server(
     grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx, grpc_status_code status_code,
     const char *status_details, size_t status_details_len,
-    grpc_metadata_array *trailing_metadata,
-    int32_t send_empty_initial_metadata, const char* optional_send_buffer,
-    size_t optional_send_buffer_len, uint32_t write_flags) {
+    grpc_metadata_array *trailing_metadata, int32_t send_empty_initial_metadata,
+    const char *optional_send_buffer, size_t optional_send_buffer_len,
+    uint32_t write_flags) {
   /* TODO: don't use magic number */
   grpc_op ops[3];
   memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
   size_t nops = 1;
-  grpc_slice status_details_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(status_details, status_details_len);
+  grpc_slice status_details_slice =
+      grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(status_details, status_details_len);
   ops[0].op = GRPC_OP_SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER;
   ops[0].data.send_status_from_server.status = status_code;
   ops[0].data.send_status_from_server.status_details = &status_details_slice;
@@ -761,8 +760,8 @@ GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_send_status_from_server(
   ops[0].reserved = NULL;
   if (optional_send_buffer) {
     ops[nops].op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE;
-    ctx->send_message = string_to_byte_buffer(optional_send_buffer,
-                                              optional_send_buffer_len);
+    ctx->send_message =
+        string_to_byte_buffer(optional_send_buffer, optional_send_buffer_len);
     ops[nops].data.send_message.send_message = ctx->send_message;
     ops[nops].flags = write_flags;
     ops[nops].reserved = NULL;
@@ -803,10 +802,9 @@ grpcsharp_call_start_serverside(grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx) {
                                NULL);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_call_send_initial_metadata(grpc_call *call,
-                                     grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx,
-                                     grpc_metadata_array *initial_metadata) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_send_initial_metadata(
+    grpc_call *call, grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx,
+    grpc_metadata_array *initial_metadata) {
   /* TODO: don't use magic number */
   grpc_op ops[1];
   memset(ops, 0, sizeof(ops));
@@ -823,9 +821,8 @@ grpcsharp_call_send_initial_metadata(grpc_call *call,
                                NULL);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_set_credentials(
-    grpc_call *call,
-    grpc_call_credentials *creds) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_call_set_credentials(grpc_call *call, grpc_call_credentials *creds) {
   return grpc_call_set_credentials(call, creds);
 }
 
@@ -836,14 +833,13 @@ grpcsharp_server_create(const grpc_channel_args *args) {
   return grpc_server_create(args, NULL);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_server_register_completion_queue(grpc_server *server,
-                                           grpc_completion_queue *cq) {
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_server_register_completion_queue(
+    grpc_server *server, grpc_completion_queue *cq) {
   grpc_server_register_completion_queue(server, cq, NULL);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT int32_t GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_server_add_insecure_http2_port(grpc_server *server, const char *addr) {
+GPR_EXPORT int32_t GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_server_add_insecure_http2_port(
+    grpc_server *server, const char *addr) {
   return grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port(server, addr);
 }
 
@@ -851,14 +847,14 @@ GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_server_start(grpc_server *server) {
   grpc_server_start(server);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_server_shutdown_and_notify_callback(grpc_server *server,
-                                              grpc_completion_queue *cq,
-                                              grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx) {
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_server_shutdown_and_notify_callback(
+    grpc_server *server, grpc_completion_queue *cq,
+    grpcsharp_batch_context *ctx) {
   grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify(server, cq, ctx);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_server_cancel_all_calls(grpc_server *server) {
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_server_cancel_all_calls(grpc_server *server) {
   grpc_server_cancel_all_calls(server);
 }
 
@@ -869,9 +865,8 @@ GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_server_destroy(grpc_server *server) {
 GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_error GPR_CALLTYPE
 grpcsharp_server_request_call(grpc_server *server, grpc_completion_queue *cq,
                               grpcsharp_request_call_context *ctx) {
-  return grpc_server_request_call(
-      server, &(ctx->call), &(ctx->call_details),
-      &(ctx->request_metadata), cq, cq, ctx);
+  return grpc_server_request_call(server, &(ctx->call), &(ctx->call_details),
+                                  &(ctx->request_metadata), cq, cq, ctx);
 }
 
 /* Security */
@@ -888,8 +883,8 @@ static grpc_ssl_roots_override_result override_ssl_roots_handler(
   return GRPC_SSL_ROOTS_OVERRIDE_OK;
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_override_default_ssl_roots(
-    const char *pem_root_certs) {
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_override_default_ssl_roots(const char *pem_root_certs) {
   /*
    * This currently wastes ~300kB of memory by keeping a copy of roots
    * in a static variable, but for desktop/server use, the overhead
@@ -916,20 +911,19 @@ grpcsharp_ssl_credentials_create(const char *pem_root_certs,
   }
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_channel_credentials_release(
-    grpc_channel_credentials *creds) {
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_channel_credentials_release(grpc_channel_credentials *creds) {
   grpc_channel_credentials_release(creds);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_credentials_release(
-    grpc_call_credentials *creds) {
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_call_credentials_release(grpc_call_credentials *creds) {
   grpc_call_credentials_release(creds);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_channel *GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_secure_channel_create(grpc_channel_credentials *creds,
-                                const char *target,
-                                const grpc_channel_args *args) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_channel *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_secure_channel_create(
+    grpc_channel_credentials *creds, const char *target,
+    const grpc_channel_args *args) {
   return grpc_secure_channel_create(creds, target, args, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -962,36 +956,36 @@ grpcsharp_ssl_server_credentials_create(
   return creds;
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_server_credentials_release(
-    grpc_server_credentials *creds) {
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_server_credentials_release(grpc_server_credentials *creds) {
   grpc_server_credentials_release(creds);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT int32_t GPR_CALLTYPE
-grpcsharp_server_add_secure_http2_port(grpc_server *server, const char *addr,
-                                       grpc_server_credentials *creds) {
+GPR_EXPORT int32_t GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_server_add_secure_http2_port(
+    grpc_server *server, const char *addr, grpc_server_credentials *creds) {
   return grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port(server, addr, creds);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_channel_credentials *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_composite_channel_credentials_create(
-  grpc_channel_credentials *channel_creds,
-  grpc_call_credentials *call_creds) {
-  return grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create(channel_creds, call_creds, NULL);
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_channel_credentials *GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_composite_channel_credentials_create(
+    grpc_channel_credentials *channel_creds,
+    grpc_call_credentials *call_creds) {
+  return grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create(channel_creds, call_creds,
+                                                   NULL);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_credentials *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_composite_call_credentials_create(
-  grpc_call_credentials *creds1,
-  grpc_call_credentials *creds2) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_credentials *GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_composite_call_credentials_create(grpc_call_credentials *creds1,
+                                            grpc_call_credentials *creds2) {
   return grpc_composite_call_credentials_create(creds1, creds2, NULL);
 }
 
-
 /* Metadata credentials plugin */
 
 GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_metadata_credentials_notify_from_plugin(
-    grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb cb,
-    void *user_data, grpc_metadata_array *metadata,
-  grpc_status_code status, const char *error_details) {
+    grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb cb, void *user_data,
+    grpc_metadata_array *metadata, grpc_status_code status,
+    const char *error_details) {
   if (metadata) {
     cb(user_data, metadata->metadata, metadata->count, status, error_details);
   } else {
@@ -1000,16 +994,17 @@ GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_metadata_credentials_notify_from_plugin(
 }
 
 typedef void(GPR_CALLTYPE *grpcsharp_metadata_interceptor_func)(
-  void *state, const char *service_url, const char *method_name,
-  grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb cb,
-  void *user_data, int32_t is_destroy);
+    void *state, const char *service_url, const char *method_name,
+    grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb cb, void *user_data,
+    int32_t is_destroy);
 
 static void grpcsharp_get_metadata_handler(
     void *state, grpc_auth_metadata_context context,
     grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb cb, void *user_data) {
   grpcsharp_metadata_interceptor_func interceptor =
       (grpcsharp_metadata_interceptor_func)(intptr_t)state;
-  interceptor(state, context.service_url, context.method_name, cb, user_data, 0);
+  interceptor(state, context.service_url, context.method_name, cb, user_data,
+              0);
 }
 
 static void grpcsharp_metadata_credentials_destroy_handler(void *state) {
@@ -1018,23 +1013,26 @@ static void grpcsharp_metadata_credentials_destroy_handler(void *state) {
   interceptor(state, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 1);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_credentials *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin(
-  grpcsharp_metadata_interceptor_func metadata_interceptor) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_call_credentials *GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin(
+    grpcsharp_metadata_interceptor_func metadata_interceptor) {
   grpc_metadata_credentials_plugin plugin;
   plugin.get_metadata = grpcsharp_get_metadata_handler;
   plugin.destroy = grpcsharp_metadata_credentials_destroy_handler;
-  plugin.state = (void*)(intptr_t)metadata_interceptor;
+  plugin.state = (void *)(intptr_t)metadata_interceptor;
   plugin.type = "";
   return grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin(plugin, NULL);
 }
 
 /* Auth context */
 
-GPR_EXPORT grpc_auth_context *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_call_auth_context(grpc_call *call) {
+GPR_EXPORT grpc_auth_context *GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_call_auth_context(grpc_call *call) {
   return grpc_call_auth_context(call);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT const char *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name(
+GPR_EXPORT const char *GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name(
     const grpc_auth_context *ctx) {
   return grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name(ctx);
 }
@@ -1044,12 +1042,13 @@ grpcsharp_auth_context_property_iterator(const grpc_auth_context *ctx) {
   return grpc_auth_context_property_iterator(ctx);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT const grpc_auth_property *GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_auth_property_iterator_next(
-    grpc_auth_property_iterator *it) {
+GPR_EXPORT const grpc_auth_property *GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_auth_property_iterator_next(grpc_auth_property_iterator *it) {
   return grpc_auth_property_iterator_next(it);
 }
 
-GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE grpcsharp_auth_context_release(grpc_auth_context *ctx) {
+GPR_EXPORT void GPR_CALLTYPE
+grpcsharp_auth_context_release(grpc_auth_context *ctx) {
   grpc_auth_context_release(ctx);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/node/ext/byte_buffer.cc b/src/node/ext/byte_buffer.cc
index a99b96bea5..470c7ed901 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/byte_buffer.cc
+++ b/src/node/ext/byte_buffer.cc
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include <node.h>
 #include <nan.h>
-#include "grpc/grpc.h"
+#include <node.h>
 #include "grpc/byte_buffer_reader.h"
+#include "grpc/grpc.h"
 #include "grpc/slice.h"
 
 #include "byte_buffer.h"
diff --git a/src/node/ext/byte_buffer.h b/src/node/ext/byte_buffer.h
index e8c4ac90bd..6cb7a2601b 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/byte_buffer.h
+++ b/src/node/ext/byte_buffer.h
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include <node.h>
 #include <nan.h>
+#include <node.h>
 #include "grpc/grpc.h"
 
 namespace grpc {
diff --git a/src/node/ext/call.cc b/src/node/ext/call.cc
index bd60775aad..fe0c80e642 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/call.cc
+++ b/src/node/ext/call.cc
@@ -31,23 +31,23 @@
  *
  */
 
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
-#include <map>
 
 #include <node.h>
 
-#include "grpc/support/log.h"
-#include "grpc/grpc.h"
-#include "grpc/grpc_security.h"
-#include "grpc/support/alloc.h"
-#include "grpc/support/time.h"
 #include "byte_buffer.h"
 #include "call.h"
+#include "call_credentials.h"
 #include "channel.h"
 #include "completion_queue.h"
 #include "completion_queue_async_worker.h"
-#include "call_credentials.h"
+#include "grpc/grpc.h"
+#include "grpc/grpc_security.h"
+#include "grpc/support/alloc.h"
+#include "grpc/support/log.h"
+#include "grpc/support/time.h"
 #include "slice.h"
 #include "timeval.h"
 
@@ -101,20 +101,20 @@ bool CreateMetadataArray(Local<Object> metadata, grpc_metadata_array *array) {
   HandleScope scope;
   Local<Array> keys = Nan::GetOwnPropertyNames(metadata).ToLocalChecked();
   for (unsigned int i = 0; i < keys->Length(); i++) {
-    Local<String> current_key = Nan::To<String>(
-        Nan::Get(keys, i).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked();
+    Local<String> current_key =
+        Nan::To<String>(Nan::Get(keys, i).ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked();
     Local<Value> value_array = Nan::Get(metadata, current_key).ToLocalChecked();
     if (!value_array->IsArray()) {
       return false;
     }
     array->capacity += Local<Array>::Cast(value_array)->Length();
   }
-  array->metadata = reinterpret_cast<grpc_metadata*>(
+  array->metadata = reinterpret_cast<grpc_metadata *>(
       gpr_zalloc(array->capacity * sizeof(grpc_metadata)));
   for (unsigned int i = 0; i < keys->Length(); i++) {
     Local<String> current_key(Nan::To<String>(keys->Get(i)).ToLocalChecked());
-    Local<Array> values = Local<Array>::Cast(
-        Nan::Get(metadata, current_key).ToLocalChecked());
+    Local<Array> values =
+        Local<Array>::Cast(Nan::Get(metadata, current_key).ToLocalChecked());
     grpc_slice key_slice = CreateSliceFromString(current_key);
     grpc_slice key_intern_slice = grpc_slice_intern(key_slice);
     grpc_slice_unref(key_slice);
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ Local<Value> ParseMetadata(const grpc_metadata_array *metadata_array) {
   size_t length = metadata_array->count;
   Local<Object> metadata_object = Nan::New<Object>();
   for (unsigned int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-    grpc_metadata* elem = &metadata_elements[i];
+    grpc_metadata *elem = &metadata_elements[i];
     // TODO(murgatroid99): Use zero-copy string construction instead
     Local<String> key_string = CopyStringFromSlice(elem->key);
     Local<Array> array;
@@ -183,17 +183,12 @@ Local<Value> Op::GetOpType() const {
   return scope.Escape(Nan::New(GetTypeString()).ToLocalChecked());
 }
 
-Op::~Op() {
-}
+Op::~Op() {}
 
 class SendMetadataOp : public Op {
  public:
-  SendMetadataOp() {
-    grpc_metadata_array_init(&send_metadata);
-  }
-  ~SendMetadataOp() {
-    DestroyMetadataArray(&send_metadata);
-  }
+  SendMetadataOp() { grpc_metadata_array_init(&send_metadata); }
+  ~SendMetadataOp() { DestroyMetadataArray(&send_metadata); }
   Local<Value> GetNodeValue() const {
     EscapableHandleScope scope;
     return scope.Escape(Nan::True());
@@ -206,32 +201,26 @@ class SendMetadataOp : public Op {
     if (maybe_metadata.IsEmpty()) {
       return false;
     }
-    if (!CreateMetadataArray(maybe_metadata.ToLocalChecked(),
-                             &send_metadata)) {
+    if (!CreateMetadataArray(maybe_metadata.ToLocalChecked(), &send_metadata)) {
       return false;
     }
     out->data.send_initial_metadata.count = send_metadata.count;
     out->data.send_initial_metadata.metadata = send_metadata.metadata;
     return true;
   }
-  bool IsFinalOp() {
-    return false;
-  }
-  void OnComplete(bool success) {
-  }
+  bool IsFinalOp() { return false; }
+  void OnComplete(bool success) {}
+
  protected:
-  std::string GetTypeString() const {
-    return "send_metadata";
-  }
+  std::string GetTypeString() const { return "send_metadata"; }
+
  private:
   grpc_metadata_array send_metadata;
 };
 
 class SendMessageOp : public Op {
  public:
-  SendMessageOp() {
-    send_message = NULL;
-  }
+  SendMessageOp() { send_message = NULL; }
   ~SendMessageOp() {
     if (send_message != NULL) {
       grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(send_message);
@@ -246,8 +235,8 @@ class SendMessageOp : public Op {
       return false;
     }
     Local<Object> object_value = Nan::To<Object>(value).ToLocalChecked();
-    MaybeLocal<Value> maybe_flag_value = Nan::Get(
-        object_value, Nan::New("grpcWriteFlags").ToLocalChecked());
+    MaybeLocal<Value> maybe_flag_value =
+        Nan::Get(object_value, Nan::New("grpcWriteFlags").ToLocalChecked());
     if (!maybe_flag_value.IsEmpty()) {
       Local<Value> flag_value = maybe_flag_value.ToLocalChecked();
       if (flag_value->IsUint32()) {
@@ -259,15 +248,13 @@ class SendMessageOp : public Op {
     out->data.send_message.send_message = send_message;
     return true;
   }
-  bool IsFinalOp() {
-    return false;
-  }
-  void OnComplete(bool success) {
-  }
+
+  bool IsFinalOp() { return false; }
+  void OnComplete(bool success) {}
+
  protected:
-  std::string GetTypeString() const {
-    return "send_message";
-  }
+  std::string GetTypeString() const { return "send_message"; }
+
  private:
   grpc_byte_buffer *send_message;
 };
@@ -278,25 +265,18 @@ class SendClientCloseOp : public Op {
     EscapableHandleScope scope;
     return scope.Escape(Nan::True());
   }
-  bool ParseOp(Local<Value> value, grpc_op *out) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  bool IsFinalOp() {
-    return false;
-  }
-  void OnComplete(bool success) {
-  }
+
+  bool ParseOp(Local<Value> value, grpc_op *out) { return true; }
+  bool IsFinalOp() { return false; }
+  void OnComplete(bool success) {}
+
  protected:
-  std::string GetTypeString() const {
-    return "client_close";
-  }
+  std::string GetTypeString() const { return "client_close"; }
 };
 
 class SendServerStatusOp : public Op {
  public:
-  SendServerStatusOp() {
-    grpc_metadata_array_init(&status_metadata);
-  }
+  SendServerStatusOp() { grpc_metadata_array_init(&status_metadata); }
   ~SendServerStatusOp() {
     grpc_slice_unref(details);
     DestroyMetadataArray(&status_metadata);
@@ -310,18 +290,18 @@ class SendServerStatusOp : public Op {
       return false;
     }
     Local<Object> server_status = Nan::To<Object>(value).ToLocalChecked();
-    MaybeLocal<Value> maybe_metadata = Nan::Get(
-        server_status, Nan::New("metadata").ToLocalChecked());
+    MaybeLocal<Value> maybe_metadata =
+        Nan::Get(server_status, Nan::New("metadata").ToLocalChecked());
     if (maybe_metadata.IsEmpty()) {
       return false;
     }
     if (!maybe_metadata.ToLocalChecked()->IsObject()) {
       return false;
     }
-    Local<Object> metadata = Nan::To<Object>(
-        maybe_metadata.ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked();
-    MaybeLocal<Value> maybe_code = Nan::Get(server_status,
-                                            Nan::New("code").ToLocalChecked());
+    Local<Object> metadata =
+        Nan::To<Object>(maybe_metadata.ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked();
+    MaybeLocal<Value> maybe_code =
+        Nan::Get(server_status, Nan::New("code").ToLocalChecked());
     if (maybe_code.IsEmpty()) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -329,16 +309,16 @@ class SendServerStatusOp : public Op {
       return false;
     }
     uint32_t code = Nan::To<uint32_t>(maybe_code.ToLocalChecked()).FromJust();
-    MaybeLocal<Value> maybe_details = Nan::Get(
-        server_status, Nan::New("details").ToLocalChecked());
+    MaybeLocal<Value> maybe_details =
+        Nan::Get(server_status, Nan::New("details").ToLocalChecked());
     if (maybe_details.IsEmpty()) {
       return false;
     }
     if (!maybe_details.ToLocalChecked()->IsString()) {
       return false;
     }
-    Local<String> details = Nan::To<String>(
-        maybe_details.ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked();
+    Local<String> details =
+        Nan::To<String>(maybe_details.ToLocalChecked()).ToLocalChecked();
     if (!CreateMetadataArray(metadata, &status_metadata)) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -352,15 +332,11 @@ class SendServerStatusOp : public Op {
     out->data.send_status_from_server.status_details = &this->details;
     return true;
   }
-  bool IsFinalOp() {
-    return true;
-  }
-  void OnComplete(bool success) {
-  }
+  bool IsFinalOp() { return true; }
+  void OnComplete(bool success) {}
+
  protected:
-  std::string GetTypeString() const {
-    return "send_status";
-  }
+  std::string GetTypeString() const { return "send_status"; }
 
  private:
   grpc_slice details;
@@ -369,13 +345,9 @@ class SendServerStatusOp : public Op {
 
 class GetMetadataOp : public Op {
  public:
-  GetMetadataOp() {
-    grpc_metadata_array_init(&recv_metadata);
-  }
+  GetMetadataOp() { grpc_metadata_array_init(&recv_metadata); }
 
-  ~GetMetadataOp() {
-    grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&recv_metadata);
-  }
+  ~GetMetadataOp() { grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&recv_metadata); }
 
   Local<Value> GetNodeValue() const {
     EscapableHandleScope scope;
@@ -386,16 +358,11 @@ class GetMetadataOp : public Op {
     out->data.recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata = &recv_metadata;
     return true;
   }
-  bool IsFinalOp() {
-    return false;
-  }
-  void OnComplete(bool success) {
-  }
+  bool IsFinalOp() { return false; }
+  void OnComplete(bool success) {}
 
  protected:
-  std::string GetTypeString() const {
-    return "metadata";
-  }
+  std::string GetTypeString() const { return "metadata"; }
 
  private:
   grpc_metadata_array recv_metadata;
@@ -403,9 +370,7 @@ class GetMetadataOp : public Op {
 
 class ReadMessageOp : public Op {
  public:
-  ReadMessageOp() {
-    recv_message = NULL;
-  }
+  ReadMessageOp() { recv_message = NULL; }
   ~ReadMessageOp() {
     if (recv_message != NULL) {
       grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(recv_message);
@@ -420,16 +385,11 @@ class ReadMessageOp : public Op {
     out->data.recv_message.recv_message = &recv_message;
     return true;
   }
-  bool IsFinalOp() {
-    return false;
-  }
-  void OnComplete(bool success) {
-  }
+  bool IsFinalOp() { return false; }
+  void OnComplete(bool success) {}
 
  protected:
-  std::string GetTypeString() const {
-    return "read";
-  }
+  std::string GetTypeString() const { return "read"; }
 
  private:
   grpc_byte_buffer *recv_message;
@@ -437,13 +397,9 @@ class ReadMessageOp : public Op {
 
 class ClientStatusOp : public Op {
  public:
-  ClientStatusOp() {
-    grpc_metadata_array_init(&metadata_array);
-  }
+  ClientStatusOp() { grpc_metadata_array_init(&metadata_array); }
 
-  ~ClientStatusOp() {
-    grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&metadata_array);
-  }
+  ~ClientStatusOp() { grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&metadata_array); }
 
   bool ParseOp(Local<Value> value, grpc_op *out) {
     out->data.recv_status_on_client.trailing_metadata = &metadata_array;
@@ -456,22 +412,19 @@ class ClientStatusOp : public Op {
     EscapableHandleScope scope;
     Local<Object> status_obj = Nan::New<Object>();
     Nan::Set(status_obj, Nan::New("code").ToLocalChecked(),
-                    Nan::New<Number>(status));
+             Nan::New<Number>(status));
     Nan::Set(status_obj, Nan::New("details").ToLocalChecked(),
-               CopyStringFromSlice(status_details));
+             CopyStringFromSlice(status_details));
     Nan::Set(status_obj, Nan::New("metadata").ToLocalChecked(),
              ParseMetadata(&metadata_array));
     return scope.Escape(status_obj);
   }
-  bool IsFinalOp() {
-    return true;
-  }
-  void OnComplete(bool success) {
-  }
+  bool IsFinalOp() { return true; }
+  void OnComplete(bool success) {}
+
  protected:
-  std::string GetTypeString() const {
-    return "status";
-  }
+  std::string GetTypeString() const { return "status"; }
+
  private:
   grpc_metadata_array metadata_array;
   grpc_status_code status;
@@ -489,23 +442,18 @@ class ServerCloseResponseOp : public Op {
     out->data.recv_close_on_server.cancelled = &cancelled;
     return true;
   }
-  bool IsFinalOp() {
-    return false;
-  }
-  void OnComplete(bool success) {
-  }
+  bool IsFinalOp() { return false; }
+  void OnComplete(bool success) {}
 
  protected:
-  std::string GetTypeString() const {
-    return "cancelled";
-  }
+  std::string GetTypeString() const { return "cancelled"; }
 
  private:
   int cancelled;
 };
 
-tag::tag(Callback *callback, OpVec *ops, Call *call, Local<Value> call_value) :
-    callback(callback), ops(ops), call(call){
+tag::tag(Callback *callback, OpVec *ops, Call *call, Local<Value> call_value)
+    : callback(callback), ops(ops), call(call) {
   HandleScope scope;
   call_persist.Reset(call_value);
 }
@@ -555,19 +503,15 @@ void DestroyTag(void *tag) {
 
 void Call::DestroyCall() {
   if (this->wrapped_call != NULL) {
-    grpc_call_destroy(this->wrapped_call);
+    grpc_call_unref(this->wrapped_call);
     this->wrapped_call = NULL;
   }
 }
 
-Call::Call(grpc_call *call) : wrapped_call(call),
-                              pending_batches(0),
-                              has_final_op_completed(false) {
-}
+Call::Call(grpc_call *call)
+    : wrapped_call(call), pending_batches(0), has_final_op_completed(false) {}
 
-Call::~Call() {
-  DestroyCall();
-}
+Call::~Call() { DestroyCall(); }
 
 void Call::Init(Local<Object> exports) {
   HandleScope scope;
@@ -596,10 +540,10 @@ Local<Value> Call::WrapStruct(grpc_call *call) {
     return scope.Escape(Nan::Null());
   }
   const int argc = 1;
-  Local<Value> argv[argc] = {Nan::New<External>(
-      reinterpret_cast<void *>(call))};
-  MaybeLocal<Object> maybe_instance = Nan::NewInstance(
-      constructor->GetFunction(), argc, argv);
+  Local<Value> argv[argc] = {
+      Nan::New<External>(reinterpret_cast<void *>(call))};
+  MaybeLocal<Object> maybe_instance =
+      Nan::NewInstance(constructor->GetFunction(), argc, argv);
   if (maybe_instance.IsEmpty()) {
     return scope.Escape(Nan::Null());
   } else {
@@ -631,8 +575,7 @@ NAN_METHOD(Call::New) {
     if (info[0]->IsExternal()) {
       Local<External> ext = info[0].As<External>();
       // This option is used for wrapping an existing call
-      grpc_call *call_value =
-          reinterpret_cast<grpc_call *>(ext->Value());
+      grpc_call *call_value = reinterpret_cast<grpc_call *>(ext->Value());
       call = new Call(call_value);
     } else {
       if (!Channel::HasInstance(info[0])) {
@@ -648,8 +591,8 @@ NAN_METHOD(Call::New) {
       // These arguments are at the end because they are optional
       grpc_call *parent_call = NULL;
       if (Call::HasInstance(info[4])) {
-        Call *parent_obj = ObjectWrap::Unwrap<Call>(
-            Nan::To<Object>(info[4]).ToLocalChecked());
+        Call *parent_obj =
+            ObjectWrap::Unwrap<Call>(Nan::To<Object>(info[4]).ToLocalChecked());
         parent_call = parent_obj->wrapped_call;
       } else if (!(info[4]->IsUndefined() || info[4]->IsNull())) {
         return Nan::ThrowTypeError(
@@ -670,22 +613,20 @@ NAN_METHOD(Call::New) {
       double deadline = Nan::To<double>(info[2]).FromJust();
       grpc_channel *wrapped_channel = channel->GetWrappedChannel();
       grpc_call *wrapped_call;
-      grpc_slice method = CreateSliceFromString(
-          Nan::To<String>(info[1]).ToLocalChecked());
+      grpc_slice method =
+          CreateSliceFromString(Nan::To<String>(info[1]).ToLocalChecked());
       if (info[3]->IsString()) {
         grpc_slice *host = new grpc_slice;
-        *host = CreateSliceFromString(
-            Nan::To<String>(info[3]).ToLocalChecked());
+        *host =
+            CreateSliceFromString(Nan::To<String>(info[3]).ToLocalChecked());
         wrapped_call = grpc_channel_create_call(
-            wrapped_channel, parent_call, propagate_flags,
-            GetCompletionQueue(), method,
-            host, MillisecondsToTimespec(deadline), NULL);
+            wrapped_channel, parent_call, propagate_flags, GetCompletionQueue(),
+            method, host, MillisecondsToTimespec(deadline), NULL);
         delete host;
       } else if (info[3]->IsUndefined() || info[3]->IsNull()) {
         wrapped_call = grpc_channel_create_call(
-            wrapped_channel, parent_call, propagate_flags,
-            GetCompletionQueue(), method,
-            NULL, MillisecondsToTimespec(deadline), NULL);
+            wrapped_channel, parent_call, propagate_flags, GetCompletionQueue(),
+            method, NULL, MillisecondsToTimespec(deadline), NULL);
       } else {
         return Nan::ThrowTypeError("Call's fourth argument must be a string");
       }
@@ -699,8 +640,8 @@ NAN_METHOD(Call::New) {
   } else {
     const int argc = 4;
     Local<Value> argv[argc] = {info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3]};
-    MaybeLocal<Object> maybe_instance = Nan::NewInstance(
-        constructor->GetFunction(), argc, argv);
+    MaybeLocal<Object> maybe_instance =
+        Nan::NewInstance(constructor->GetFunction(), argc, argv);
     if (maybe_instance.IsEmpty()) {
       // There's probably a pending exception
       return;
@@ -773,8 +714,8 @@ NAN_METHOD(Call::StartBatch) {
   }
   Callback *callback = new Callback(callback_func);
   grpc_call_error error = grpc_call_start_batch(
-      call->wrapped_call, &ops[0], nops, new struct tag(
-          callback, op_vector.release(), call, info.This()), NULL);
+      call->wrapped_call, &ops[0], nops,
+      new struct tag(callback, op_vector.release(), call, info.This()), NULL);
   if (error != GRPC_CALL_OK) {
     return Nan::ThrowError(nanErrorWithCode("startBatch failed", error));
   }
@@ -807,8 +748,8 @@ NAN_METHOD(Call::CancelWithStatus) {
         "cancelWithStatus's second argument must be a string");
   }
   Call *call = ObjectWrap::Unwrap<Call>(info.This());
-  grpc_status_code code = static_cast<grpc_status_code>(
-      Nan::To<uint32_t>(info[0]).FromJust());
+  grpc_status_code code =
+      static_cast<grpc_status_code>(Nan::To<uint32_t>(info[0]).FromJust());
   if (code == GRPC_STATUS_OK) {
     return Nan::ThrowRangeError(
         "cancelWithStatus cannot be called with OK status");
diff --git a/src/node/ext/call.h b/src/node/ext/call.h
index 340e32682b..0bd24f56a9 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/call.h
+++ b/src/node/ext/call.h
@@ -37,14 +37,13 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <node.h>
 #include <nan.h>
+#include <node.h>
 #include "grpc/grpc.h"
 #include "grpc/support/log.h"
 
 #include "channel.h"
 
-
 namespace grpc {
 namespace node {
 
diff --git a/src/node/ext/call_credentials.cc b/src/node/ext/call_credentials.cc
index 5bd4bdcd5a..f88eb82933 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/call_credentials.cc
+++ b/src/node/ext/call_credentials.cc
@@ -31,17 +31,17 @@
  *
  */
 
-#include <node.h>
 #include <nan.h>
+#include <node.h>
 #include <uv.h>
 
 #include <queue>
 
+#include "call.h"
+#include "call_credentials.h"
 #include "grpc/grpc.h"
 #include "grpc/grpc_security.h"
 #include "grpc/support/log.h"
-#include "call_credentials.h"
-#include "call.h"
 
 namespace grpc {
 namespace node {
@@ -86,15 +86,15 @@ void CallCredentials::Init(Local<Object> exports) {
   fun_tpl.Reset(tpl);
   Local<Function> ctr = Nan::GetFunction(tpl).ToLocalChecked();
   Nan::Set(ctr, Nan::New("createFromPlugin").ToLocalChecked(),
-           Nan::GetFunction(
-               Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(CreateFromPlugin)).ToLocalChecked());
+           Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(CreateFromPlugin))
+               .ToLocalChecked());
   Nan::Set(exports, Nan::New("CallCredentials").ToLocalChecked(), ctr);
   constructor = new Nan::Callback(ctr);
 
   Local<FunctionTemplate> callback_tpl =
       Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(PluginCallback);
-  plugin_callback = new Callback(
-      Nan::GetFunction(callback_tpl).ToLocalChecked());
+  plugin_callback =
+      new Callback(Nan::GetFunction(callback_tpl).ToLocalChecked());
 }
 
 bool CallCredentials::HasInstance(Local<Value> val) {
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ Local<Value> CallCredentials::WrapStruct(grpc_call_credentials *credentials) {
     return scope.Escape(Nan::Null());
   }
   Local<Value> argv[argc] = {
-    Nan::New<External>(reinterpret_cast<void *>(credentials))};
-  MaybeLocal<Object> maybe_instance = Nan::NewInstance(
-      constructor->GetFunction(), argc, argv);
+      Nan::New<External>(reinterpret_cast<void *>(credentials))};
+  MaybeLocal<Object> maybe_instance =
+      Nan::NewInstance(constructor->GetFunction(), argc, argv);
   if (maybe_instance.IsEmpty()) {
     return scope.Escape(Nan::Null());
   } else {
@@ -160,8 +160,6 @@ NAN_METHOD(CallCredentials::Compose) {
   info.GetReturnValue().Set(WrapStruct(creds));
 }
 
-
-
 NAN_METHOD(CallCredentials::CreateFromPlugin) {
   if (!info[0]->IsFunction()) {
     return Nan::ThrowTypeError(
@@ -170,21 +168,19 @@ NAN_METHOD(CallCredentials::CreateFromPlugin) {
   grpc_metadata_credentials_plugin plugin;
   plugin_state *state = new plugin_state;
   state->callback = new Nan::Callback(info[0].As<Function>());
-  state->pending_callbacks = new std::queue<plugin_callback_data*>();
+  state->pending_callbacks = new std::queue<plugin_callback_data *>();
   uv_mutex_init(&state->plugin_mutex);
-  uv_async_init(uv_default_loop(),
-                &state->plugin_async,
-                SendPluginCallback);
-  uv_unref((uv_handle_t*)&state->plugin_async);
+  uv_async_init(uv_default_loop(), &state->plugin_async, SendPluginCallback);
+  uv_unref((uv_handle_t *)&state->plugin_async);
 
   state->plugin_async.data = state;
 
   plugin.get_metadata = plugin_get_metadata;
   plugin.destroy = plugin_destroy_state;
-  plugin.state = reinterpret_cast<void*>(state);
+  plugin.state = reinterpret_cast<void *>(state);
   plugin.type = "";
-  grpc_call_credentials *creds = grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin(
-      plugin, NULL);
+  grpc_call_credentials *creds =
+      grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin(plugin, NULL);
   info.GetReturnValue().Set(WrapStruct(creds));
 }
 
@@ -206,34 +202,35 @@ NAN_METHOD(PluginCallback) {
     return Nan::ThrowTypeError(
         "The callback's fourth argument must be an object");
   }
-  grpc_status_code code = static_cast<grpc_status_code>(
-      Nan::To<uint32_t>(info[0]).FromJust());
+  grpc_status_code code =
+      static_cast<grpc_status_code>(Nan::To<uint32_t>(info[0]).FromJust());
   Utf8String details_utf8_str(info[1]);
   char *details = *details_utf8_str;
   grpc_metadata_array array;
   grpc_metadata_array_init(&array);
   Local<Object> callback_data = Nan::To<Object>(info[3]).ToLocalChecked();
-  if (!CreateMetadataArray(Nan::To<Object>(info[2]).ToLocalChecked(),
-                           &array)){
+  if (!CreateMetadataArray(Nan::To<Object>(info[2]).ToLocalChecked(), &array)) {
     return Nan::ThrowError("Failed to parse metadata");
   }
   grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb cb =
       reinterpret_cast<grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb>(
-          Nan::Get(callback_data,
-                   Nan::New("cb").ToLocalChecked()
-                   ).ToLocalChecked().As<External>()->Value());
+          Nan::Get(callback_data, Nan::New("cb").ToLocalChecked())
+              .ToLocalChecked()
+              .As<External>()
+              ->Value());
   void *user_data =
-      Nan::Get(callback_data,
-               Nan::New("user_data").ToLocalChecked()
-               ).ToLocalChecked().As<External>()->Value();
+      Nan::Get(callback_data, Nan::New("user_data").ToLocalChecked())
+          .ToLocalChecked()
+          .As<External>()
+          ->Value();
   cb(user_data, array.metadata, array.count, code, details);
   DestroyMetadataArray(&array);
 }
 
 NAUV_WORK_CB(SendPluginCallback) {
   Nan::HandleScope scope;
-  plugin_state *state = reinterpret_cast<plugin_state*>(async->data);
-  std::queue<plugin_callback_data*> callbacks;
+  plugin_state *state = reinterpret_cast<plugin_state *>(async->data);
+  std::queue<plugin_callback_data *> callbacks;
   uv_mutex_lock(&state->plugin_mutex);
   state->pending_callbacks->swap(callbacks);
   uv_mutex_unlock(&state->plugin_mutex);
@@ -242,16 +239,14 @@ NAUV_WORK_CB(SendPluginCallback) {
     callbacks.pop();
     Local<Object> callback_data = Nan::New<Object>();
     Nan::Set(callback_data, Nan::New("cb").ToLocalChecked(),
-             Nan::New<v8::External>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(data->cb)));
+             Nan::New<v8::External>(reinterpret_cast<void *>(data->cb)));
     Nan::Set(callback_data, Nan::New("user_data").ToLocalChecked(),
              Nan::New<v8::External>(data->user_data));
     const int argc = 3;
     v8::Local<v8::Value> argv[argc] = {
-      Nan::New(data->service_url).ToLocalChecked(),
-      callback_data,
-      // Get Local<Function> from Nan::Callback*
-      **plugin_callback
-    };
+        Nan::New(data->service_url).ToLocalChecked(), callback_data,
+        // Get Local<Function> from Nan::Callback*
+        **plugin_callback};
     Nan::Callback *callback = state->callback;
     callback->Call(argc, argv);
     delete data;
@@ -261,7 +256,7 @@ NAUV_WORK_CB(SendPluginCallback) {
 void plugin_get_metadata(void *state, grpc_auth_metadata_context context,
                          grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb cb,
                          void *user_data) {
-  plugin_state *p_state = reinterpret_cast<plugin_state*>(state);
+  plugin_state *p_state = reinterpret_cast<plugin_state *>(state);
   plugin_callback_data *data = new plugin_callback_data;
   data->service_url = context.service_url;
   data->cb = cb;
@@ -275,7 +270,7 @@ void plugin_get_metadata(void *state, grpc_auth_metadata_context context,
 }
 
 void plugin_uv_close_cb(uv_handle_t *handle) {
-  uv_async_t *async = reinterpret_cast<uv_async_t*>(handle);
+  uv_async_t *async = reinterpret_cast<uv_async_t *>(handle);
   plugin_state *state = reinterpret_cast<plugin_state *>(async->data);
   uv_mutex_destroy(&state->plugin_mutex);
   delete state->pending_callbacks;
@@ -285,7 +280,7 @@ void plugin_uv_close_cb(uv_handle_t *handle) {
 
 void plugin_destroy_state(void *ptr) {
   plugin_state *state = reinterpret_cast<plugin_state *>(ptr);
-  uv_close((uv_handle_t*)&state->plugin_async, plugin_uv_close_cb);
+  uv_close((uv_handle_t *)&state->plugin_async, plugin_uv_close_cb);
 }
 
 }  // namespace node
diff --git a/src/node/ext/call_credentials.h b/src/node/ext/call_credentials.h
index 21a4b8923e..5a1741c606 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/call_credentials.h
+++ b/src/node/ext/call_credentials.h
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@
 
 #include <queue>
 
-#include <node.h>
 #include <nan.h>
+#include <node.h>
 #include <uv.h>
 #include "grpc/grpc_security.h"
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ typedef struct plugin_callback_data {
 
 typedef struct plugin_state {
   Nan::Callback *callback;
-  std::queue<plugin_callback_data*> *pending_callbacks;
+  std::queue<plugin_callback_data *> *pending_callbacks;
   uv_mutex_t plugin_mutex;
   // async.data == this
   uv_async_t plugin_async;
diff --git a/src/node/ext/channel.cc b/src/node/ext/channel.cc
index 1263cc0d28..be04cf421d 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/channel.cc
+++ b/src/node/ext/channel.cc
@@ -35,15 +35,15 @@
 
 #include "grpc/support/log.h"
 
-#include <node.h>
 #include <nan.h>
-#include "grpc/grpc.h"
-#include "grpc/grpc_security.h"
+#include <node.h>
 #include "call.h"
 #include "channel.h"
+#include "channel_credentials.h"
 #include "completion_queue.h"
 #include "completion_queue_async_worker.h"
-#include "channel_credentials.h"
+#include "grpc/grpc.h"
+#include "grpc/grpc_security.h"
 #include "timeval.h"
 
 namespace grpc {
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ bool ParseChannelArgs(Local<Value> args_val,
     *channel_args_ptr = NULL;
     return false;
   }
-  grpc_channel_args *channel_args = reinterpret_cast<grpc_channel_args*>(
-      malloc(sizeof(grpc_channel_args)));
+  grpc_channel_args *channel_args =
+      reinterpret_cast<grpc_channel_args *>(malloc(sizeof(grpc_channel_args)));
   *channel_args_ptr = channel_args;
   Local<Object> args_hash = Nan::To<Object>(args_val).ToLocalChecked();
   Local<Array> keys = Nan::GetOwnPropertyNames(args_hash).ToLocalChecked();
@@ -104,16 +104,16 @@ bool ParseChannelArgs(Local<Value> args_val,
     } else if (value->IsString()) {
       Utf8String val_str(value);
       channel_args->args[i].type = GRPC_ARG_STRING;
-      channel_args->args[i].value.string = reinterpret_cast<char*>(
-          calloc(val_str.length() + 1,sizeof(char)));
-      memcpy(channel_args->args[i].value.string,
-             *val_str, val_str.length() + 1);
+      channel_args->args[i].value.string =
+          reinterpret_cast<char *>(calloc(val_str.length() + 1, sizeof(char)));
+      memcpy(channel_args->args[i].value.string, *val_str,
+             val_str.length() + 1);
     } else {
       // The value does not match either of the accepted types
       return false;
     }
-    channel_args->args[i].key = reinterpret_cast<char*>(
-        calloc(key_str.length() + 1, sizeof(char)));
+    channel_args->args[i].key =
+        reinterpret_cast<char *>(calloc(key_str.length() + 1, sizeof(char)));
     memcpy(channel_args->args[i].key, *key_str, key_str.length() + 1);
   }
   return true;
@@ -190,12 +190,13 @@ NAN_METHOD(Channel::New) {
     grpc_channel_args *channel_args_ptr = NULL;
     if (!ParseChannelArgs(info[2], &channel_args_ptr)) {
       DeallocateChannelArgs(channel_args_ptr);
-      return Nan::ThrowTypeError("Channel options must be an object with "
-                                 "string keys and integer or string values");
+      return Nan::ThrowTypeError(
+          "Channel options must be an object with "
+          "string keys and integer or string values");
     }
     if (creds == NULL) {
-      wrapped_channel = grpc_insecure_channel_create(*host, channel_args_ptr,
-                                                     NULL);
+      wrapped_channel =
+          grpc_insecure_channel_create(*host, channel_args_ptr, NULL);
     } else {
       wrapped_channel =
           grpc_secure_channel_create(creds, *host, channel_args_ptr, NULL);
@@ -208,8 +209,8 @@ NAN_METHOD(Channel::New) {
   } else {
     const int argc = 3;
     Local<Value> argv[argc] = {info[0], info[1], info[2]};
-    MaybeLocal<Object> maybe_instance = Nan::NewInstance(
-        constructor->GetFunction(), argc, argv);
+    MaybeLocal<Object> maybe_instance =
+        Nan::NewInstance(constructor->GetFunction(), argc, argv);
     if (maybe_instance.IsEmpty()) {
       // There's probably a pending exception
       return;
@@ -232,11 +233,13 @@ NAN_METHOD(Channel::Close) {
 
 NAN_METHOD(Channel::GetTarget) {
   if (!HasInstance(info.This())) {
-    return Nan::ThrowTypeError("getTarget can only be called on Channel objects");
+    return Nan::ThrowTypeError(
+        "getTarget can only be called on Channel objects");
   }
   Channel *channel = ObjectWrap::Unwrap<Channel>(info.This());
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(Nan::New(
-      grpc_channel_get_target(channel->wrapped_channel)).ToLocalChecked());
+  info.GetReturnValue().Set(
+      Nan::New(grpc_channel_get_target(channel->wrapped_channel))
+          .ToLocalChecked());
 }
 
 NAN_METHOD(Channel::GetConnectivityState) {
@@ -246,9 +249,8 @@ NAN_METHOD(Channel::GetConnectivityState) {
   }
   Channel *channel = ObjectWrap::Unwrap<Channel>(info.This());
   int try_to_connect = (int)info[0]->Equals(Nan::True());
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(
-      grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(channel->wrapped_channel,
-                                            try_to_connect));
+  info.GetReturnValue().Set(grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(
+      channel->wrapped_channel, try_to_connect));
 }
 
 NAN_METHOD(Channel::WatchConnectivityState) {
@@ -268,9 +270,8 @@ NAN_METHOD(Channel::WatchConnectivityState) {
     return Nan::ThrowTypeError(
         "watchConnectivityState's third argument must be a callback");
   }
-  grpc_connectivity_state last_state =
-      static_cast<grpc_connectivity_state>(
-          Nan::To<uint32_t>(info[0]).FromJust());
+  grpc_connectivity_state last_state = static_cast<grpc_connectivity_state>(
+      Nan::To<uint32_t>(info[0]).FromJust());
   double deadline = Nan::To<double>(info[1]).FromJust();
   Local<Function> callback_func = info[2].As<Function>();
   Nan::Callback *callback = new Callback(callback_func);
@@ -279,8 +280,7 @@ NAN_METHOD(Channel::WatchConnectivityState) {
   grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state(
       channel->wrapped_channel, last_state, MillisecondsToTimespec(deadline),
       GetCompletionQueue(),
-      new struct tag(callback,
-                     ops.release(), NULL, Nan::Null()));
+      new struct tag(callback, ops.release(), NULL, Nan::Null()));
   CompletionQueueNext();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/node/ext/channel.h b/src/node/ext/channel.h
index 9ec28e15af..6d42a5e040 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/channel.h
+++ b/src/node/ext/channel.h
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@
 #ifndef NET_GRPC_NODE_CHANNEL_H_
 #define NET_GRPC_NODE_CHANNEL_H_
 
-#include <node.h>
 #include <nan.h>
+#include <node.h>
 #include "grpc/grpc.h"
 
 namespace grpc {
diff --git a/src/node/ext/channel_credentials.cc b/src/node/ext/channel_credentials.cc
index 059bc8a890..cf1dc318a8 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/channel_credentials.cc
+++ b/src/node/ext/channel_credentials.cc
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@
 
 #include <node.h>
 
+#include "call.h"
+#include "call_credentials.h"
+#include "channel_credentials.h"
 #include "grpc/grpc.h"
 #include "grpc/grpc_security.h"
 #include "grpc/support/log.h"
-#include "channel_credentials.h"
-#include "call_credentials.h"
-#include "call.h"
 
 namespace grpc {
 namespace node {
@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ void ChannelCredentials::Init(Local<Object> exports) {
   Nan::SetPrototypeMethod(tpl, "compose", Compose);
   fun_tpl.Reset(tpl);
   Local<Function> ctr = Nan::GetFunction(tpl).ToLocalChecked();
-  Nan::Set(ctr, Nan::New("createSsl").ToLocalChecked(),
-           Nan::GetFunction(
-               Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(CreateSsl)).ToLocalChecked());
+  Nan::Set(
+      ctr, Nan::New("createSsl").ToLocalChecked(),
+      Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(CreateSsl)).ToLocalChecked());
   Nan::Set(ctr, Nan::New("createInsecure").ToLocalChecked(),
-           Nan::GetFunction(
-               Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(CreateInsecure)).ToLocalChecked());
+           Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(CreateInsecure))
+               .ToLocalChecked());
   Nan::Set(exports, Nan::New("ChannelCredentials").ToLocalChecked(), ctr);
   constructor = new Nan::Callback(ctr);
 }
@@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ Local<Value> ChannelCredentials::WrapStruct(
   EscapableHandleScope scope;
   const int argc = 1;
   Local<Value> argv[argc] = {
-    Nan::New<External>(reinterpret_cast<void *>(credentials))};
-  MaybeLocal<Object> maybe_instance = Nan::NewInstance(
-      constructor->GetFunction(), argc, argv);
+      Nan::New<External>(reinterpret_cast<void *>(credentials))};
+  MaybeLocal<Object> maybe_instance =
+      Nan::NewInstance(constructor->GetFunction(), argc, argv);
   if (maybe_instance.IsEmpty()) {
     return scope.Escape(Nan::Null());
   } else {
@@ -179,11 +179,10 @@ NAN_METHOD(ChannelCredentials::Compose) {
     return Nan::ThrowTypeError(
         "compose's first argument must be a CallCredentials object");
   }
-  ChannelCredentials *self = ObjectWrap::Unwrap<ChannelCredentials>(
-      info.This());
+  ChannelCredentials *self =
+      ObjectWrap::Unwrap<ChannelCredentials>(info.This());
   if (self->wrapped_credentials == NULL) {
-    return Nan::ThrowTypeError(
-        "Cannot compose insecure credential");
+    return Nan::ThrowTypeError("Cannot compose insecure credential");
   }
   CallCredentials *other = ObjectWrap::Unwrap<CallCredentials>(
       Nan::To<Object>(info[0]).ToLocalChecked());
diff --git a/src/node/ext/channel_credentials.h b/src/node/ext/channel_credentials.h
index 89b115267f..e5c7439de2 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/channel_credentials.h
+++ b/src/node/ext/channel_credentials.h
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@
 #ifndef NET_GRPC_NODE_CHANNEL_CREDENTIALS_H_
 #define NET_GRPC_NODE_CHANNEL_CREDENTIALS_H_
 
-#include <node.h>
 #include <nan.h>
+#include <node.h>
 #include "grpc/grpc.h"
 #include "grpc/grpc_security.h"
 
diff --git a/src/node/ext/completion_queue.h b/src/node/ext/completion_queue.h
index 9b01028ef1..a3a055c385 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/completion_queue.h
+++ b/src/node/ext/completion_queue.h
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
  *
  */
 
-#include <v8.h>
 #include <grpc/grpc.h>
+#include <v8.h>
 
 namespace grpc {
 namespace node {
diff --git a/src/node/ext/node_grpc.cc b/src/node/ext/node_grpc.cc
index 122e5e63ee..076f1ed424 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/node_grpc.cc
+++ b/src/node/ext/node_grpc.cc
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 
 #include <queue>
 
-#include <node.h>
 #include <nan.h>
+#include <node.h>
 #include <v8.h>
 #include "grpc/grpc.h"
 #include "grpc/grpc_security.h"
@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "call_credentials.h"
 #include "channel.h"
 #include "channel_credentials.h"
-#include "server.h"
+#include "completion_queue.h"
 #include "completion_queue_async_worker.h"
+#include "server.h"
 #include "server_credentials.h"
 #include "slice.h"
 #include "timeval.h"
-#include "completion_queue.h"
 
 using grpc::node::CreateSliceFromString;
 
@@ -188,8 +188,7 @@ void InitOpTypeConstants(Local<Object> exports) {
       Nan::New<Uint32, uint32_t>(GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA));
   Nan::Set(op_type, Nan::New("SEND_INITIAL_METADATA").ToLocalChecked(),
            SEND_INITIAL_METADATA);
-  Local<Value> SEND_MESSAGE(
-      Nan::New<Uint32, uint32_t>(GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE));
+  Local<Value> SEND_MESSAGE(Nan::New<Uint32, uint32_t>(GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE));
   Nan::Set(op_type, Nan::New("SEND_MESSAGE").ToLocalChecked(), SEND_MESSAGE);
   Local<Value> SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT(
       Nan::New<Uint32, uint32_t>(GRPC_OP_SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT));
@@ -203,8 +202,7 @@ void InitOpTypeConstants(Local<Object> exports) {
       Nan::New<Uint32, uint32_t>(GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA));
   Nan::Set(op_type, Nan::New("RECV_INITIAL_METADATA").ToLocalChecked(),
            RECV_INITIAL_METADATA);
-  Local<Value> RECV_MESSAGE(
-      Nan::New<Uint32, uint32_t>(GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE));
+  Local<Value> RECV_MESSAGE(Nan::New<Uint32, uint32_t>(GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE));
   Nan::Set(op_type, Nan::New("RECV_MESSAGE").ToLocalChecked(), RECV_MESSAGE);
   Local<Value> RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT(
       Nan::New<Uint32, uint32_t>(GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT));
@@ -252,8 +250,7 @@ void InitConnectivityStateConstants(Local<Object> exports) {
       Nan::New<Uint32, uint32_t>(GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE));
   Nan::Set(channel_state, Nan::New("TRANSIENT_FAILURE").ToLocalChecked(),
            TRANSIENT_FAILURE);
-  Local<Value> FATAL_FAILURE(
-      Nan::New<Uint32, uint32_t>(GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN));
+  Local<Value> FATAL_FAILURE(Nan::New<Uint32, uint32_t>(GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN));
   Nan::Set(channel_state, Nan::New("FATAL_FAILURE").ToLocalChecked(),
            FATAL_FAILURE);
 }
@@ -282,13 +279,11 @@ void InitLogConstants(Local<Object> exports) {
 
 NAN_METHOD(MetadataKeyIsLegal) {
   if (!info[0]->IsString()) {
-    return Nan::ThrowTypeError(
-        "headerKeyIsLegal's argument must be a string");
+    return Nan::ThrowTypeError("headerKeyIsLegal's argument must be a string");
   }
   Local<String> key = Nan::To<String>(info[0]).ToLocalChecked();
   grpc_slice slice = CreateSliceFromString(key);
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(static_cast<bool>(
-      grpc_header_key_is_legal(slice)));
+  info.GetReturnValue().Set(static_cast<bool>(grpc_header_key_is_legal(slice)));
   grpc_slice_unref(slice);
 }
 
@@ -299,8 +294,8 @@ NAN_METHOD(MetadataNonbinValueIsLegal) {
   }
   Local<String> value = Nan::To<String>(info[0]).ToLocalChecked();
   grpc_slice slice = CreateSliceFromString(value);
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(static_cast<bool>(
-      grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal(slice)));
+  info.GetReturnValue().Set(
+      static_cast<bool>(grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal(slice)));
   grpc_slice_unref(slice);
 }
 
@@ -311,8 +306,7 @@ NAN_METHOD(MetadataKeyIsBinary) {
   }
   Local<String> key = Nan::To<String>(info[0]).ToLocalChecked();
   grpc_slice slice = CreateSliceFromString(key);
-  info.GetReturnValue().Set(static_cast<bool>(
-      grpc_is_binary_header(slice)));
+  info.GetReturnValue().Set(static_cast<bool>(grpc_is_binary_header(slice)));
   grpc_slice_unref(slice);
 }
 
@@ -354,11 +348,13 @@ NAUV_WORK_CB(LogMessagesCallback) {
     args.pop();
     Local<Value> file = Nan::New(arg->core_args.file).ToLocalChecked();
     Local<Value> line = Nan::New<Uint32, uint32_t>(arg->core_args.line);
-    Local<Value> severity = Nan::New(
-        gpr_log_severity_string(arg->core_args.severity)).ToLocalChecked();
+    Local<Value> severity =
+        Nan::New(gpr_log_severity_string(arg->core_args.severity))
+            .ToLocalChecked();
     Local<Value> message = Nan::New(arg->core_args.message).ToLocalChecked();
-    Local<Value> timestamp = Nan::New<v8::Date>(
-        grpc::node::TimespecToMilliseconds(arg->timestamp)).ToLocalChecked();
+    Local<Value> timestamp =
+        Nan::New<v8::Date>(grpc::node::TimespecToMilliseconds(arg->timestamp))
+            .ToLocalChecked();
     const int argc = 5;
     Local<Value> argv[argc] = {file, line, severity, message, timestamp};
     grpc_logger_state.callback->Call(argc, argv);
@@ -388,10 +384,9 @@ void init_logger() {
   memset(&grpc_logger_state, 0, sizeof(logger_state));
   grpc_logger_state.pending_args = new std::queue<log_args *>();
   uv_mutex_init(&grpc_logger_state.mutex);
-  uv_async_init(uv_default_loop(),
-                &grpc_logger_state.async,
+  uv_async_init(uv_default_loop(), &grpc_logger_state.async,
                 LogMessagesCallback);
-  uv_unref((uv_handle_t*)&grpc_logger_state.async);
+  uv_unref((uv_handle_t *)&grpc_logger_state.async);
   grpc_logger_state.logger_set = false;
 
   gpr_log_verbosity_init();
@@ -416,11 +411,10 @@ NAN_METHOD(SetDefaultLoggerCallback) {
 
 NAN_METHOD(SetLogVerbosity) {
   if (!info[0]->IsUint32()) {
-    return Nan::ThrowTypeError(
-        "setLogVerbosity's argument must be a number");
+    return Nan::ThrowTypeError("setLogVerbosity's argument must be a number");
   }
-  gpr_log_severity severity = static_cast<gpr_log_severity>(
-      Nan::To<uint32_t>(info[0]).FromJust());
+  gpr_log_severity severity =
+      static_cast<gpr_log_severity>(Nan::To<uint32_t>(info[0]).FromJust());
   gpr_set_log_verbosity(severity);
 }
 
@@ -453,28 +447,25 @@ void init(Local<Object> exports) {
 
   // Attach a few utility functions directly to the module
   Nan::Set(exports, Nan::New("metadataKeyIsLegal").ToLocalChecked(),
-           Nan::GetFunction(
-               Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(MetadataKeyIsLegal)).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(exports, Nan::New("metadataNonbinValueIsLegal").ToLocalChecked(),
-           Nan::GetFunction(
-               Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(MetadataNonbinValueIsLegal)
-                            ).ToLocalChecked());
+           Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(MetadataKeyIsLegal))
+               .ToLocalChecked());
+  Nan::Set(
+      exports, Nan::New("metadataNonbinValueIsLegal").ToLocalChecked(),
+      Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(MetadataNonbinValueIsLegal))
+          .ToLocalChecked());
   Nan::Set(exports, Nan::New("metadataKeyIsBinary").ToLocalChecked(),
-           Nan::GetFunction(
-               Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(MetadataKeyIsBinary)
-                            ).ToLocalChecked());
+           Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(MetadataKeyIsBinary))
+               .ToLocalChecked());
   Nan::Set(exports, Nan::New("setDefaultRootsPem").ToLocalChecked(),
-           Nan::GetFunction(
-               Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(SetDefaultRootsPem)
-                            ).ToLocalChecked());
-  Nan::Set(exports, Nan::New("setDefaultLoggerCallback").ToLocalChecked(),
-           Nan::GetFunction(
-               Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(SetDefaultLoggerCallback)
-                            ).ToLocalChecked());
+           Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(SetDefaultRootsPem))
+               .ToLocalChecked());
+  Nan::Set(
+      exports, Nan::New("setDefaultLoggerCallback").ToLocalChecked(),
+      Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(SetDefaultLoggerCallback))
+          .ToLocalChecked());
   Nan::Set(exports, Nan::New("setLogVerbosity").ToLocalChecked(),
-           Nan::GetFunction(
-               Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(SetLogVerbosity)
-                            ).ToLocalChecked());
+           Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(SetLogVerbosity))
+               .ToLocalChecked());
 }
 
 NODE_MODULE(grpc_node, init)
diff --git a/src/node/ext/server.cc b/src/node/ext/server.cc
index 5384305631..1871a32452 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/server.cc
+++ b/src/node/ext/server.cc
@@ -111,14 +111,9 @@ class NewCallOp : public Op {
     return scope.Escape(obj);
   }
 
-  bool ParseOp(Local<Value> value, grpc_op *out) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  bool IsFinalOp() {
-    return false;
-  }
-  void OnComplete(bool success) {
-  }
+  bool ParseOp(Local<Value> value, grpc_op *out) { return true; }
+  bool IsFinalOp() { return false; }
+  void OnComplete(bool success) {}
 
   grpc_call *call;
   grpc_call_details details;
@@ -128,7 +123,7 @@ class NewCallOp : public Op {
   std::string GetTypeString() const { return "new_call"; }
 };
 
-class TryShutdownOp: public Op {
+class TryShutdownOp : public Op {
  public:
   TryShutdownOp(Server *server, Local<Value> server_value) : server(server) {
     server_persist.Reset(server_value);
@@ -137,19 +132,17 @@ class TryShutdownOp: public Op {
     EscapableHandleScope scope;
     return scope.Escape(Nan::New(server_persist));
   }
-  bool ParseOp(Local<Value> value, grpc_op *out) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  bool IsFinalOp() {
-    return false;
-  }
+  bool ParseOp(Local<Value> value, grpc_op *out) { return true; }
+  bool IsFinalOp() { return false; }
   void OnComplete(bool success) {
     if (success) {
       server->DestroyWrappedServer();
     }
   }
+
  protected:
   std::string GetTypeString() const { return "try_shutdown"; }
+
  private:
   Server *server;
   Nan::Persistent<v8::Value, Nan::CopyablePersistentTraits<v8::Value>>
@@ -227,10 +220,9 @@ NAN_METHOD(Server::RequestCall) {
   ops->push_back(unique_ptr<Op>(op));
   grpc_call_error error = grpc_server_request_call(
       server->wrapped_server, &op->call, &op->details, &op->request_metadata,
-      GetCompletionQueue(),
-      GetCompletionQueue(),
-      new struct tag(new Callback(info[0].As<Function>()), ops.release(),
-                     NULL, Nan::Null()));
+      GetCompletionQueue(), GetCompletionQueue(),
+      new struct tag(new Callback(info[0].As<Function>()), ops.release(), NULL,
+                     Nan::Null()));
   if (error != GRPC_CALL_OK) {
     return Nan::ThrowError(nanErrorWithCode("requestCall failed", error));
   }
diff --git a/src/node/ext/server.h b/src/node/ext/server.h
index c0f2e86554..2d8cb4c444 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/server.h
+++ b/src/node/ext/server.h
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@
 #ifndef NET_GRPC_NODE_SERVER_H_
 #define NET_GRPC_NODE_SERVER_H_
 
-#include <node.h>
 #include <nan.h>
+#include <node.h>
 #include "grpc/grpc.h"
 
 namespace grpc {
diff --git a/src/node/ext/server_credentials.cc b/src/node/ext/server_credentials.cc
index 0ff58bb209..e070ff1f26 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/server_credentials.cc
+++ b/src/node/ext/server_credentials.cc
@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ void ServerCredentials::Init(Local<Object> exports) {
   tpl->SetClassName(Nan::New("ServerCredentials").ToLocalChecked());
   tpl->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(1);
   Local<Function> ctr = tpl->GetFunction();
-  Nan::Set(ctr, Nan::New("createSsl").ToLocalChecked(),
-           Nan::GetFunction(
-               Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(CreateSsl)).ToLocalChecked());
+  Nan::Set(
+      ctr, Nan::New("createSsl").ToLocalChecked(),
+      Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(CreateSsl)).ToLocalChecked());
   Nan::Set(ctr, Nan::New("createInsecure").ToLocalChecked(),
-           Nan::GetFunction(
-               Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(CreateInsecure)).ToLocalChecked());
+           Nan::GetFunction(Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(CreateInsecure))
+               .ToLocalChecked());
   fun_tpl.Reset(tpl);
   constructor = new Nan::Callback(ctr);
   Nan::Set(exports, Nan::New("ServerCredentials").ToLocalChecked(), ctr);
@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ Local<Value> ServerCredentials::WrapStruct(
   Nan::EscapableHandleScope scope;
   const int argc = 1;
   Local<Value> argv[argc] = {
-    Nan::New<External>(reinterpret_cast<void *>(credentials))};
-  MaybeLocal<Object> maybe_instance = Nan::NewInstance(
-      constructor->GetFunction(), argc, argv);
+      Nan::New<External>(reinterpret_cast<void *>(credentials))};
+  MaybeLocal<Object> maybe_instance =
+      Nan::NewInstance(constructor->GetFunction(), argc, argv);
   if (maybe_instance.IsEmpty()) {
     return scope.Escape(Nan::Null());
   } else {
@@ -160,13 +160,13 @@ NAN_METHOD(ServerCredentials::CreateSsl) {
   }
   Local<Array> pair_list = Local<Array>::Cast(info[1]);
   uint32_t key_cert_pair_count = pair_list->Length();
-  grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair *key_cert_pairs = new grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair[
-      key_cert_pair_count];
+  grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair *key_cert_pairs =
+      new grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair[key_cert_pair_count];
 
   Local<String> key_key = Nan::New("private_key").ToLocalChecked();
   Local<String> cert_key = Nan::New("cert_chain").ToLocalChecked();
 
-  for(uint32_t i = 0; i < key_cert_pair_count; i++) {
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < key_cert_pair_count; i++) {
     Local<Value> pair_val = Nan::Get(pair_list, i).ToLocalChecked();
     if (!pair_val->IsObject()) {
       delete[] key_cert_pairs;
diff --git a/src/node/ext/server_credentials.h b/src/node/ext/server_credentials.h
index bf279e481c..808088f6e2 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/server_credentials.h
+++ b/src/node/ext/server_credentials.h
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@
 #ifndef NET_GRPC_NODE_SERVER_CREDENTIALS_H_
 #define NET_GRPC_NODE_SERVER_CREDENTIALS_H_
 
-#include <node.h>
 #include <nan.h>
+#include <node.h>
 #include "grpc/grpc.h"
 #include "grpc/grpc_security.h"
 
diff --git a/src/node/ext/server_uv.cc b/src/node/ext/server_uv.cc
index 789938318e..709921b7fc 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/server_uv.cc
+++ b/src/node/ext/server_uv.cc
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 
 #include "server.h"
 
-#include <node.h>
 #include <nan.h>
+#include <node.h>
 #include "grpc/grpc.h"
 #include "grpc/support/time.h"
 
@@ -60,22 +60,14 @@ static Callback *shutdown_callback = NULL;
 
 class ServerShutdownOp : public Op {
  public:
-  ServerShutdownOp(grpc_server *server): server(server) {
-  }
+  ServerShutdownOp(grpc_server *server) : server(server) {}
 
-  ~ServerShutdownOp() {
-  }
+  ~ServerShutdownOp() {}
 
-  Local<Value> GetNodeValue() const {
-    return Nan::Null();
-  }
+  Local<Value> GetNodeValue() const { return Nan::Null(); }
 
-  bool ParseOp(Local<Value> value, grpc_op *out) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  bool IsFinalOp() {
-    return false;
-  }
+  bool ParseOp(Local<Value> value, grpc_op *out) { return true; }
+  bool IsFinalOp() { return false; }
   void OnComplete(bool success) {
     /* Because cancel_all_calls was called, we assume that shutdown_and_notify
        completes successfully */
@@ -88,12 +80,9 @@ class ServerShutdownOp : public Op {
   std::string GetTypeString() const { return "shutdown"; }
 };
 
-Server::Server(grpc_server *server) : wrapped_server(server) {
-}
+Server::Server(grpc_server *server) : wrapped_server(server) {}
 
-Server::~Server() {
-  this->ShutdownServer();
-}
+Server::~Server() { this->ShutdownServer(); }
 
 NAN_METHOD(ServerShutdownCallback) {
   if (!info[0]->IsNull()) {
@@ -105,10 +94,10 @@ void Server::ShutdownServer() {
   Nan::HandleScope scope;
   if (this->wrapped_server != NULL) {
     if (shutdown_callback == NULL) {
-      Local<FunctionTemplate>callback_tpl =
+      Local<FunctionTemplate> callback_tpl =
           Nan::New<FunctionTemplate>(ServerShutdownCallback);
-      shutdown_callback = new Callback(
-          Nan::GetFunction(callback_tpl).ToLocalChecked());
+      shutdown_callback =
+          new Callback(Nan::GetFunction(callback_tpl).ToLocalChecked());
     }
 
     ServerShutdownOp *op = new ServerShutdownOp(this->wrapped_server);
diff --git a/src/node/ext/slice.cc b/src/node/ext/slice.cc
index 104dd9e22c..70e73628e7 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/slice.cc
+++ b/src/node/ext/slice.cc
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@
  *
  */
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <nan.h>
 #include <grpc/slice.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
+#include <nan.h>
+#include <node.h>
 
 #include "slice.h"
 
@@ -49,19 +49,19 @@ using v8::Value;
 
 namespace {
 void SliceFreeCallback(char *data, void *hint) {
-  grpc_slice *slice = reinterpret_cast<grpc_slice*>(hint);
+  grpc_slice *slice = reinterpret_cast<grpc_slice *>(hint);
   grpc_slice_unref(*slice);
   delete slice;
 }
 
 void string_destroy_func(void *user_data) {
-  delete reinterpret_cast<Nan::Utf8String*>(user_data);
+  delete reinterpret_cast<Nan::Utf8String *>(user_data);
 }
 
 void buffer_destroy_func(void *user_data) {
-  delete reinterpret_cast<PersistentValue*>(user_data);
+  delete reinterpret_cast<PersistentValue *>(user_data);
 }
-} // namespace
+}  // namespace
 
 grpc_slice CreateSliceFromString(const Local<String> source) {
   Nan::HandleScope scope;
@@ -73,28 +73,32 @@ grpc_slice CreateSliceFromString(const Local<String> source) {
 grpc_slice CreateSliceFromBuffer(const Local<Value> source) {
   // Prerequisite: ::node::Buffer::HasInstance(source)
   Nan::HandleScope scope;
-  return grpc_slice_new_with_user_data(::node::Buffer::Data(source),
-                                       ::node::Buffer::Length(source),
-                                       buffer_destroy_func,
-                                       new PersistentValue(source));
+  return grpc_slice_new_with_user_data(
+      ::node::Buffer::Data(source), ::node::Buffer::Length(source),
+      buffer_destroy_func, new PersistentValue(source));
 }
 Local<String> CopyStringFromSlice(const grpc_slice slice) {
   Nan::EscapableHandleScope scope;
   if (GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice) == 0) {
     return scope.Escape(Nan::EmptyString());
   }
-  return scope.Escape(Nan::New<String>(
-      const_cast<char *>(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(slice))),
-      GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice)).ToLocalChecked());
+  return scope.Escape(
+      Nan::New<String>(const_cast<char *>(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(
+                           GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(slice))),
+                       GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice))
+          .ToLocalChecked());
 }
 
 Local<Value> CreateBufferFromSlice(const grpc_slice slice) {
   Nan::EscapableHandleScope scope;
   grpc_slice *slice_ptr = new grpc_slice;
   *slice_ptr = grpc_slice_ref(slice);
-  return scope.Escape(Nan::NewBuffer(
-      const_cast<char *>(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(*slice_ptr))),
-      GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(*slice_ptr), SliceFreeCallback, slice_ptr).ToLocalChecked());
+  return scope.Escape(
+      Nan::NewBuffer(
+          const_cast<char *>(
+              reinterpret_cast<const char *>(GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(*slice_ptr))),
+          GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(*slice_ptr), SliceFreeCallback, slice_ptr)
+          .ToLocalChecked());
 }
 
 }  // namespace node
diff --git a/src/node/ext/slice.h b/src/node/ext/slice.h
index 7dcb1bd45a..89c8ecaf72 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/slice.h
+++ b/src/node/ext/slice.h
@@ -31,14 +31,15 @@
  *
  */
 
-#include <node.h>
-#include <nan.h>
 #include <grpc/slice.h>
+#include <nan.h>
+#include <node.h>
 
 namespace grpc {
 namespace node {
 
-typedef Nan::Persistent<v8::Value, Nan::CopyablePersistentTraits<v8::Value>> PersistentValue;
+typedef Nan::Persistent<v8::Value, Nan::CopyablePersistentTraits<v8::Value>>
+    PersistentValue;
 
 grpc_slice CreateSliceFromString(const v8::Local<v8::String> source);
 
diff --git a/src/node/ext/timeval.cc b/src/node/ext/timeval.cc
index 9284db62ef..741c324c66 100644
--- a/src/node/ext/timeval.cc
+++ b/src/node/ext/timeval.cc
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
  *
  */
 
-#include <limits>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
 
 #include "grpc/grpc.h"
 #include "grpc/support/time.h"
diff --git a/src/node/performance/benchmark_client.js b/src/node/performance/benchmark_client.js
index 5ef5260a96..e7c426b2ff 100644
--- a/src/node/performance/benchmark_client.js
+++ b/src/node/performance/benchmark_client.js
@@ -88,7 +88,10 @@ function timeDiffToNanos(time_diff) {
  */
 function BenchmarkClient(server_targets, channels, histogram_params,
     security_params) {
-  var options = {};
+  var options = {
+    "grpc.max_receive_message_length": -1,
+    "grpc.max_send_message_length": -1
+  };
   var creds;
   if (security_params) {
     var ca_path;
@@ -180,6 +183,8 @@ BenchmarkClient.prototype.startClosedLoop = function(
 
   self.last_wall_time = process.hrtime();
 
+  self.last_usage = process.cpuUsage();
+
   var makeCall;
 
   var argument;
@@ -270,6 +275,8 @@ BenchmarkClient.prototype.startPoisson = function(
 
   self.last_wall_time = process.hrtime();
 
+  self.last_usage = process.cpuUsage();
+
   var makeCall;
 
   var argument;
@@ -354,9 +361,11 @@ BenchmarkClient.prototype.startPoisson = function(
  */
 BenchmarkClient.prototype.mark = function(reset) {
   var wall_time_diff = process.hrtime(this.last_wall_time);
+  var usage_diff = process.cpuUsage(this.last_usage);
   var histogram = this.histogram;
   if (reset) {
     this.last_wall_time = process.hrtime();
+    this.last_usage = process.cpuUsage();
     this.histogram = new Histogram(histogram.resolution,
                                    histogram.max_possible);
   }
@@ -371,9 +380,8 @@ BenchmarkClient.prototype.mark = function(reset) {
       count: histogram.getCount()
     },
     time_elapsed: wall_time_diff[0] + wall_time_diff[1] / 1e9,
-    // Not sure how to measure these values
-    time_user: 0,
-    time_system: 0
+    time_user: usage_diff.user / 1000000,
+    time_system: usage_diff.system / 1000000
   };
 };
 
diff --git a/src/node/performance/benchmark_client_express.js b/src/node/performance/benchmark_client_express.js
index e749956599..157bf1b6de 100644
--- a/src/node/performance/benchmark_client_express.js
+++ b/src/node/performance/benchmark_client_express.js
@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ function BenchmarkClient(server_targets, channels, histogram_params,
     var host_port;
     host_port = server_targets[i % server_targets.length].split(':');
     var new_options = _.assign({hostname: host_port[0], port: +host_port[1]}, options);
-    new_options.agent = new protocol.Agent(new_options);
     this.client_options[i] = new_options;
   }
 
@@ -137,6 +136,7 @@ BenchmarkClient.prototype.startClosedLoop = function(
   }
 
   self.last_wall_time = process.hrtime();
+  self.last_usage = process.cpuUsage();
 
   var argument = {
     response_size: resp_size,
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ BenchmarkClient.prototype.startPoisson = function(
   }
 
   self.last_wall_time = process.hrtime();
+  self.last_usage = process.cpuUsage();
 
   var argument = {
     response_size: resp_size,
@@ -264,9 +265,11 @@ BenchmarkClient.prototype.startPoisson = function(
  */
 BenchmarkClient.prototype.mark = function(reset) {
   var wall_time_diff = process.hrtime(this.last_wall_time);
+  var usage_diff = process.cpuUsage(this.last_usage);
   var histogram = this.histogram;
   if (reset) {
     this.last_wall_time = process.hrtime();
+    this.last_usage = process.cpuUsage();
     this.histogram = new Histogram(histogram.resolution,
                                    histogram.max_possible);
   }
@@ -281,9 +284,8 @@ BenchmarkClient.prototype.mark = function(reset) {
       count: histogram.getCount()
     },
     time_elapsed: wall_time_diff[0] + wall_time_diff[1] / 1e9,
-    // Not sure how to measure these values
-    time_user: 0,
-    time_system: 0
+    time_user: usage_diff.user / 1000000,
+    time_system: usage_diff.system / 1000000
   };
 };
 
diff --git a/src/node/performance/benchmark_server.js b/src/node/performance/benchmark_server.js
index ea85029d98..a4d5ee1c26 100644
--- a/src/node/performance/benchmark_server.js
+++ b/src/node/performance/benchmark_server.js
@@ -132,7 +132,12 @@ function BenchmarkServer(host, port, tls, generic, response_size) {
     server_creds = grpc.ServerCredentials.createInsecure();
   }
 
-  var server = new grpc.Server();
+  var options = {
+    "grpc.max_receive_message_length": -1,
+    "grpc.max_send_message_length": -1
+  };
+
+  var server = new grpc.Server(options);
   this.port = server.bind(host + ':' + port, server_creds);
   if (generic) {
     server.addService(genericService, {
@@ -156,6 +161,7 @@ util.inherits(BenchmarkServer, EventEmitter);
 BenchmarkServer.prototype.start = function() {
   this.server.start();
   this.last_wall_time = process.hrtime();
+  this.last_usage = process.cpuUsage();
   this.emit('started');
 };
 
@@ -175,14 +181,15 @@ BenchmarkServer.prototype.getPort = function() {
  */
 BenchmarkServer.prototype.mark = function(reset) {
   var wall_time_diff = process.hrtime(this.last_wall_time);
+  var usage_diff = process.cpuUsage(this.last_usage);
   if (reset) {
     this.last_wall_time = process.hrtime();
+    this.last_usage = process.cpuUsage();
   }
   return {
     time_elapsed: wall_time_diff[0] + wall_time_diff[1] / 1e9,
-    // Not sure how to measure these values
-    time_user: 0,
-    time_system: 0
+    time_user: usage_diff.user / 1000000,
+    time_system: usage_diff.system / 1000000
   };
 };
 
diff --git a/src/node/performance/benchmark_server_express.js b/src/node/performance/benchmark_server_express.js
index 4b695eb467..fab4f5307c 100644
--- a/src/node/performance/benchmark_server_express.js
+++ b/src/node/performance/benchmark_server_express.js
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ BenchmarkServer.prototype.start = function() {
   var self = this;
   this.server.listen(this.input_port, this.input_hostname, function() {
     self.last_wall_time = process.hrtime();
+    self.last_usage = process.cpuUsage();
     self.emit('started');
   });
 };
@@ -91,14 +92,15 @@ BenchmarkServer.prototype.getPort = function() {
 
 BenchmarkServer.prototype.mark = function(reset) {
   var wall_time_diff = process.hrtime(this.last_wall_time);
+  var usage_diff = process.cpuUsage(this.last_usage);
   if (reset) {
     this.last_wall_time = process.hrtime();
+    this.last_usage = process.cpuUsage();
   }
   return {
     time_elapsed: wall_time_diff[0] + wall_time_diff[1] / 1e9,
-    // Not sure how to measure these values
-    time_user: 0,
-    time_system: 0
+    time_user: usage_diff.user / 1000000,
+    time_system: usage_diff.system / 1000000
   };
 };
 
diff --git a/src/objective-c/BoringSSL.podspec b/src/objective-c/BoringSSL.podspec
index 7880aad10b..651bd4977d 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/BoringSSL.podspec
+++ b/src/objective-c/BoringSSL.podspec
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 Pod::Spec.new do |s|
   s.name     = 'BoringSSL'
-  version = '8.1'
+  version = '8.2'
   s.version  = version
   s.summary  = 'BoringSSL is a fork of OpenSSL that is designed to meet Google’s needs.'
   # Adapted from the homepage:
@@ -113,7 +113,6 @@ Pod::Spec.new do |s|
   s.subspec 'Interface' do |ss|
     ss.header_mappings_dir = 'include/openssl'
     ss.source_files = 'include/openssl/*.h'
-    ss.exclude_files = 'include/openssl/arm_arch.h'
   end
   s.subspec 'Implementation' do |ss|
     ss.header_mappings_dir = '.'
@@ -150,6 +149,11 @@ Pod::Spec.new do |s|
       #include "ssl.h"
       #include "crypto.h"
       #include "aes.h"
+      /* The following macros are defined by base.h. The latter is the first file included by the    
+         other headers. */    
+      #if defined(OPENSSL_ARM) || defined(OPENSSL_AARCH64)    
+      #  include "arm_arch.h"   
+      #endif
       #include "asn1.h"
       #include "asn1_mac.h"
       #include "asn1t.h"
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.m b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.m
index 46e9fee7e1..1faba3e20b 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.m
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@
 }
 
 - (void)dealloc {
-  grpc_call_destroy(_call);
+  grpc_call_unref(_call);
 }
 
 @end
diff --git a/src/objective-c/tests/CronetUnitTests/CronetUnitTests.m b/src/objective-c/tests/CronetUnitTests/CronetUnitTests.m
index 6d94116c75..a78dd93993 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/tests/CronetUnitTests/CronetUnitTests.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/tests/CronetUnitTests/CronetUnitTests.m
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ unsigned int parse_h2_length(const char *field) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ unsigned int parse_h2_length(const char *field) {
   grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&request_metadata_recv);
   grpc_call_details_destroy(&call_details);
 
-  grpc_call_destroy(c);
+  grpc_call_unref(c);
 
   cq_verifier_destroy(cqv);
 
diff --git a/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsLocalCleartext.m b/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsLocalCleartext.m
index 94cdf85965..cdcdd8a88c 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsLocalCleartext.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsLocalCleartext.m
@@ -36,7 +36,11 @@
 
 #import "InteropTests.h"
 
-static NSString * const kLocalCleartextHost = @"localhost:5050";
+// The server address is derived from preprocessor macro, which is
+// in turn derived from environment variable of the same name.
+#define NSStringize_helper(x) #x
+#define NSStringize(x) @NSStringize_helper(x)
+static NSString * const kLocalCleartextHost = NSStringize(HOST_PORT_LOCAL);
 
 // The Protocol Buffers encoding overhead of local interop server. Acquired
 // by experiment. Adjust this when server's proto file changes.
diff --git a/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsLocalSSL.m b/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsLocalSSL.m
index 3c78b65ede..45e62d29b9 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsLocalSSL.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsLocalSSL.m
@@ -35,8 +35,11 @@
 #import <GRPCClient/internal_testing/GRPCCall+InternalTests.h>
 
 #import "InteropTests.h"
-
-static NSString * const kLocalSSLHost = @"localhost:5051";
+// The server address is derived from preprocessor macro, which is
+// in turn derived from environment variable of the same name.
+#define NSStringize_helper(x) #x
+#define NSStringize(x) @NSStringize_helper(x)
+static NSString * const kLocalSSLHost = NSStringize(HOST_PORT_LOCALSSL);
 
 // The Protocol Buffers encoding overhead of local interop server. Acquired
 // by experiment. Adjust this when server's proto file changes.
diff --git a/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsRemote.m b/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsRemote.m
index ff1193302b..5260fe4570 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsRemote.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsRemote.m
@@ -36,7 +36,11 @@
 
 #import "InteropTests.h"
 
-static NSString * const kRemoteSSLHost = @"grpc-test.sandbox.googleapis.com";
+// The server address is derived from preprocessor macro, which is
+// in turn derived from environment variable of the same name.
+#define NSStringize_helper(x) #x
+#define NSStringize(x) @NSStringize_helper(x)
+static NSString * const kRemoteSSLHost = NSStringize(HOST_PORT_REMOTE);
 
 // The Protocol Buffers encoding overhead of remote interop server. Acquired
 // by experiment. Adjust this when server's proto file changes.
diff --git a/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsRemoteWithCronet/InteropTestsRemoteWithCronet.m b/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsRemoteWithCronet/InteropTestsRemoteWithCronet.m
index 9edfbc2639..a7f190d2b4 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsRemoteWithCronet/InteropTestsRemoteWithCronet.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/tests/InteropTestsRemoteWithCronet/InteropTestsRemoteWithCronet.m
@@ -39,7 +39,12 @@
 
 #import "InteropTests.h"
 
-static NSString * const kRemoteSSLHost = @"grpc-test.sandbox.googleapis.com";
+// The server address is derived from preprocessor macro, which is
+// in turn derived from environment variable of the same name.
+#define NSStringize_helper(x) #x
+#define NSStringize(x) @NSStringize_helper(x)
+static NSString * const kRemoteSSLHost = NSStringize(HOST_PORT_REMOTE);
+
 
 // The Protocol Buffers encoding overhead of remote interop server. Acquired
 // by experiment. Adjust this when server's proto file changes.
diff --git a/src/objective-c/tests/Tests.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj b/src/objective-c/tests/Tests.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
index 97de723a22..b01d5ffcea 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/tests/Tests.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
+++ b/src/objective-c/tests/Tests.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
@@ -1282,6 +1282,9 @@
 				GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS = (
 					"DEBUG=1",
 					"$(inherited)",
+					"HOST_PORT_LOCALSSL=$(HOST_PORT_LOCALSSL)",
+					"HOST_PORT_LOCAL=$(HOST_PORT_LOCAL)",
+					"HOST_PORT_REMOTE=$(HOST_PORT_REMOTE)",
 				);
 				GCC_SYMBOLS_PRIVATE_EXTERN = NO;
 				GCC_TREAT_WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS = YES;
@@ -1565,6 +1568,7 @@
 				GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS = (
 					"DEBUG=1",
 					"$(inherited)",
+					"HOST_PORT_REMOTE=$(HOST_PORT_REMOTE)",
 				);
 				GCC_SYMBOLS_PRIVATE_EXTERN = NO;
 				GCC_TREAT_WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS = YES;
diff --git a/src/objective-c/tests/run_tests.sh b/src/objective-c/tests/run_tests.sh
index 0e82bcaa44..2432209f4f 100755
--- a/src/objective-c/tests/run_tests.sh
+++ b/src/objective-c/tests/run_tests.sh
@@ -59,6 +59,9 @@ xcodebuild \
     -workspace Tests.xcworkspace \
     -scheme AllTests \
     -destination name="iPhone 6" \
+    HOST_PORT_LOCALSSL=localhost:5051 \
+    HOST_PORT_LOCAL=localhost:5050 \
+    HOST_PORT_REMOTE=grpc-test.sandbox.googleapis.com \
     test | xcpretty
 
 echo "TIME:  $(date)"
@@ -84,4 +87,5 @@ xcodebuild \
     -workspace Tests.xcworkspace \
     -scheme InteropTestsRemoteWithCronet \
     -destination name="iPhone 6" \
+    HOST_PORT_REMOTE=grpc-test.sandbox.googleapis.com \
     test | xcpretty
diff --git a/src/php/ext/grpc/call.c b/src/php/ext/grpc/call.c
index 48a374fa08..d3fd88416b 100644
--- a/src/php/ext/grpc/call.c
+++ b/src/php/ext/grpc/call.c
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ static zend_object_handlers call_ce_handlers;
 /* Frees and destroys an instance of wrapped_grpc_call */
 PHP_GRPC_FREE_WRAPPED_FUNC_START(wrapped_grpc_call)
   if (p->owned && p->wrapped != NULL) {
-    grpc_call_destroy(p->wrapped);
+    grpc_call_unref(p->wrapped);
   }
 PHP_GRPC_FREE_WRAPPED_FUNC_END()
 
diff --git a/src/php/lib/Grpc/BaseStub.php b/src/php/lib/Grpc/BaseStub.php
index ed504f85a8..24934491b4 100644
--- a/src/php/lib/Grpc/BaseStub.php
+++ b/src/php/lib/Grpc/BaseStub.php
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class BaseStub
                                  'ChannelCredentials::create methods');
         }
         if ($channel) {
-            if (!is_a($channel, 'Channel')) {
+            if (!is_a($channel, 'Grpc\Channel')) {
                 throw new \Exception('The channel argument is not a'.
                                      'Channel object');
             }
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/.gitignore b/src/python/grpcio/.gitignore
index 3309795948..d0ee1e10fd 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/.gitignore
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/.gitignore
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ dist/
 .cache/
 nosetests.xml
 doc/
-_grpcio_metadata.py
 htmlcov/
 grpc/_cython/_credentials
 poison.c
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx.pxi
index cc3bd7a067..aa3558b843 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx.pxi
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ cdef class Call:
 
   def __dealloc__(self):
     if self.c_call != NULL:
-      grpc_call_destroy(self.c_call)
+      grpc_call_unref(self.c_call)
     grpc_shutdown()
 
   # The object *should* always be valid from Python. Used for debugging.
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxi
index 0b2bdef48b..4f1776e002 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxi
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ cdef extern from "grpc/grpc.h":
                                                const char *description,
                                                void *reserved) nogil
   char *grpc_call_get_peer(grpc_call *call) nogil
-  void grpc_call_destroy(grpc_call *call) nogil
+  void grpc_call_unref(grpc_call *call) nogil
 
   grpc_channel *grpc_insecure_channel_create(const char *target,
                                              const grpc_channel_args *args,
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_grpcio_metadata.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_grpcio_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0cb0dd067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_grpcio_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Copyright 2017, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# AUTO-GENERATED FROM `$REPO_ROOT/templates/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_grpcio_metadata.py.template`!!!
+
+__version__ = """1.4.0.dev0"""
diff --git a/src/ruby/end2end/forking_client_client.rb b/src/ruby/end2end/forking_client_client.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c358d79f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ruby/end2end/forking_client_client.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# Prompted by and minimal repro of https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/10658
+
+require_relative './end2end_common'
+
+def main
+  server_port = ''
+  OptionParser.new do |opts|
+    opts.on('--client_control_port=P', String) do
+      STDERR.puts 'client control port not used'
+    end
+    opts.on('--server_port=P', String) do |p|
+      server_port = p
+    end
+  end.parse!
+
+  p = fork do
+    stub = Echo::EchoServer::Stub.new("localhost:#{server_port}",
+                                      :this_channel_is_insecure)
+    stub.echo(Echo::EchoRequest.new(request: 'hello'))
+  end
+
+  begin
+    Timeout.timeout(10) do
+      Process.wait(p)
+    end
+  rescue Timeout::Error
+    STDERR.puts "timeout waiting for forked process #{p}"
+    Process.kill('SIGKILL', p)
+    Process.wait(p)
+    raise 'Timed out waiting for client process. ' \
+      'It likely hangs when using gRPC after loading it and then forking'
+  end
+
+  client_exit_code = $CHILD_STATUS
+  fail "forked process failed #{client_exit_code}" if client_exit_code != 0
+end
+
+main
diff --git a/src/ruby/end2end/forking_client_driver.rb b/src/ruby/end2end/forking_client_driver.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2c67b33590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ruby/end2end/forking_client_driver.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+require_relative './end2end_common'
+
+def main
+  STDERR.puts 'start server'
+  server_runner = ServerRunner.new(EchoServerImpl)
+  server_port = server_runner.run
+
+  # TODO(apolcyn) Can we get rid of this sleep?
+  # Without it, an immediate call to the just started EchoServer
+  # fails with UNAVAILABLE
+  sleep 1
+
+  STDERR.puts 'start client'
+  _, client_pid = start_client('forking_client_client.rb',
+                               server_port)
+
+  begin
+    Timeout.timeout(10) do
+      Process.wait(client_pid)
+    end
+  rescue Timeout::Error
+    STDERR.puts "timeout wait for client pid #{client_pid}"
+    Process.kill('SIGKILL', client_pid)
+    Process.wait(client_pid)
+    STDERR.puts 'killed client child'
+    raise 'Timed out waiting for client process. ' \
+      'It likely hangs when requiring grpc, then forking, then using grpc '
+  end
+
+  client_exit_code = $CHILD_STATUS
+  if client_exit_code != 0
+    fail "forking client client failed, exit code #{client_exit_code}"
+  end
+
+  server_runner.stop
+end
+
+main
diff --git a/src/ruby/end2end/grpc_class_init_client.rb b/src/ruby/end2end/grpc_class_init_client.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ee79292119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ruby/end2end/grpc_class_init_client.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# For GRPC::Core classes, which use the grpc c-core, object init
+# is interesting because it's related to overall library init.
+
+require_relative './end2end_common'
+
+def main
+  grpc_class = ''
+  OptionParser.new do |opts|
+    opts.on('--grpc_class=P', String) do |p|
+      grpc_class = p
+    end
+  end.parse!
+
+  test_proc = nil
+
+  case grpc_class
+  when 'channel'
+    test_proc = proc do
+      GRPC::Core::Channel.new('dummy_host', nil, :this_channel_is_insecure)
+    end
+  when 'server'
+    test_proc = proc do
+      GRPC::Core::Server.new({})
+    end
+  when 'channel_credentials'
+    test_proc = proc do
+      GRPC::Core::ChannelCredentials.new
+    end
+  when 'call_credentials'
+    test_proc = proc do
+      GRPC::Core::CallCredentials.new(proc { |noop| noop })
+    end
+  when 'compression_options'
+    test_proc = proc do
+      GRPC::Core::CompressionOptions.new
+    end
+  else
+    fail "bad --grpc_class=#{grpc_class} param"
+  end
+
+  th = Thread.new { test_proc.call }
+  test_proc.call
+  th.join
+end
+
+main
diff --git a/src/ruby/end2end/grpc_class_init_driver.rb b/src/ruby/end2end/grpc_class_init_driver.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..764d029f14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ruby/end2end/grpc_class_init_driver.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+require_relative './end2end_common'
+
+def main
+  native_grpc_classes = %w( channel
+                            server
+                            channel_credentials
+                            call_credentials
+                            compression_options )
+
+  native_grpc_classes.each do |grpc_class|
+    STDERR.puts 'start client'
+    this_dir = File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))
+    client_path = File.join(this_dir, 'grpc_class_init_client.rb')
+    client_pid = Process.spawn(RbConfig.ruby,
+                               client_path,
+                               "--grpc_class=#{grpc_class}")
+    begin
+      Timeout.timeout(10) do
+        Process.wait(client_pid)
+      end
+    rescue Timeout::Error
+      STDERR.puts "timeout waiting for client pid #{client_pid}"
+      Process.kill('SIGKILL', client_pid)
+      Process.wait(client_pid)
+      STDERR.puts 'killed client child'
+      raise 'Timed out waiting for client process. ' \
+        'It likely hangs when the first constructed gRPC object has ' \
+        "type: #{grpc_class}"
+    end
+
+    client_exit_code = $CHILD_STATUS
+    fail "client failed, exit code #{client_exit_code}" if client_exit_code != 0
+  end
+end
+
+main
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_byte_buffer.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_byte_buffer.c
index 65fa2f2cf6..f5be19298f 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_byte_buffer.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_byte_buffer.c
@@ -33,15 +33,15 @@
 
 #include <ruby/ruby.h>
 
-#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 #include "rb_byte_buffer.h"
+#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
 #include <grpc/byte_buffer_reader.h>
+#include <grpc/grpc.h>
 #include <grpc/slice.h>
 #include "rb_grpc.h"
 
-grpc_byte_buffer* grpc_rb_s_to_byte_buffer(char *string, size_t length) {
+grpc_byte_buffer *grpc_rb_s_to_byte_buffer(char *string, size_t length) {
   grpc_slice slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(string, length);
   grpc_byte_buffer *buffer = grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&slice, 1);
   grpc_slice_unref(slice);
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ VALUE grpc_rb_byte_buffer_to_s(grpc_byte_buffer *buffer) {
     return Qnil;
   }
   while (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next(&reader, &next) != 0) {
-    rb_str_cat(rb_string, (const char *) GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(next),
+    rb_str_cat(rb_string, (const char *)GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(next),
                GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(next));
     grpc_slice_unref(next);
   }
@@ -71,7 +71,9 @@ VALUE grpc_rb_byte_buffer_to_s(grpc_byte_buffer *buffer) {
 
 VALUE grpc_rb_slice_to_ruby_string(grpc_slice slice) {
   if (GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(slice) == NULL) {
-    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "attempt to convert uninitialized grpc_slice to ruby string");
+    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError,
+             "attempt to convert uninitialized grpc_slice to ruby string");
   }
-  return rb_str_new((char*)GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(slice), GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice));
+  return rb_str_new((char *)GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(slice),
+                    GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(slice));
 }
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call.c
index 344cb941ff..0067e10866 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call.c
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@
 
 #include <ruby/ruby.h>
 
-#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 #include "rb_call.h"
+#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 
 #include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <grpc/impl/codegen/compression_types.h>
+#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 
 #include "rb_byte_buffer.h"
 #include "rb_call_credentials.h"
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ typedef struct grpc_rb_call {
 static void destroy_call(grpc_rb_call *call) {
   /* Ensure that we only try to destroy the call once */
   if (call->wrapped != NULL) {
-    grpc_call_destroy(call->wrapped);
+    grpc_call_unref(call->wrapped);
     call->wrapped = NULL;
     grpc_rb_completion_queue_destroy(call->queue);
     call->queue = NULL;
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ static void grpc_rb_call_destroy(void *p) {
   if (p == NULL) {
     return;
   }
-  destroy_call((grpc_rb_call*)p);
+  destroy_call((grpc_rb_call *)p);
 }
 
 static size_t md_ary_datasize(const void *p) {
@@ -130,7 +130,9 @@ static size_t md_ary_datasize(const void *p) {
 
 static const rb_data_type_t grpc_rb_md_ary_data_type = {
     "grpc_metadata_array",
-    {GRPC_RB_GC_NOT_MARKED, GRPC_RB_GC_DONT_FREE, md_ary_datasize,
+    {GRPC_RB_GC_NOT_MARKED,
+     GRPC_RB_GC_DONT_FREE,
+     md_ary_datasize,
      {NULL, NULL}},
     NULL,
     NULL,
@@ -140,19 +142,20 @@ static const rb_data_type_t grpc_rb_md_ary_data_type = {
      * touches a hash object.
      * TODO(yugui) Directly use st_table and call the free function earlier?
      */
-     0,
+    0,
 #endif
 };
 
 /* Describes grpc_call struct for RTypedData */
-static const rb_data_type_t grpc_call_data_type = {
-    "grpc_call",
-    {GRPC_RB_GC_NOT_MARKED, grpc_rb_call_destroy, GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE,
-     {NULL, NULL}},
-    NULL,
-    NULL,
+static const rb_data_type_t grpc_call_data_type = {"grpc_call",
+                                                   {GRPC_RB_GC_NOT_MARKED,
+                                                    grpc_rb_call_destroy,
+                                                    GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE,
+                                                    {NULL, NULL}},
+                                                   NULL,
+                                                   NULL,
 #ifdef RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
-    RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+                                                   RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 #endif
 };
 
@@ -175,7 +178,7 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_call_cancel(VALUE self) {
   grpc_rb_call *call = NULL;
   grpc_call_error err;
   if (RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) == NULL) {
-    //This call has been closed
+    // This call has been closed
     return Qnil;
   }
 
@@ -196,7 +199,7 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_call_cancel(VALUE self) {
 static VALUE grpc_rb_call_close(VALUE self) {
   grpc_rb_call *call = NULL;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_call, &grpc_call_data_type, call);
-  if(call != NULL) {
+  if (call != NULL) {
     destroy_call(call);
     RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = NULL;
   }
@@ -238,8 +241,8 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_call_get_peer_cert(VALUE self) {
   }
 
   {
-    grpc_auth_property_iterator it =
-        grpc_auth_context_find_properties_by_name(ctx, GRPC_X509_PEM_CERT_PROPERTY_NAME);
+    grpc_auth_property_iterator it = grpc_auth_context_find_properties_by_name(
+        ctx, GRPC_X509_PEM_CERT_PROPERTY_NAME);
     const grpc_auth_property *prop = grpc_auth_property_iterator_next(&it);
     if (prop == NULL) {
       return Qnil;
@@ -388,21 +391,22 @@ static int grpc_rb_md_ary_fill_hash_cb(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE md_ary_obj) {
   long i;
   grpc_slice key_slice;
   grpc_slice value_slice;
-  char* tmp_str;
+  char *tmp_str;
 
   if (TYPE(key) == T_SYMBOL) {
     key_slice = grpc_slice_from_static_string(rb_id2name(SYM2ID(key)));
   } else if (TYPE(key) == T_STRING) {
-    key_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(key), RSTRING_LEN(key));
+    key_slice =
+        grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(key), RSTRING_LEN(key));
   } else {
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "grpc_rb_md_ary_fill_hash_cb: bad type for key parameter");
+    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
+             "grpc_rb_md_ary_fill_hash_cb: bad type for key parameter");
   }
 
   if (!grpc_header_key_is_legal(key_slice)) {
     tmp_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(key_slice);
     rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
-             "'%s' is an invalid header key, must match [a-z0-9-_.]+",
-             tmp_str);
+             "'%s' is an invalid header key, must match [a-z0-9-_.]+", tmp_str);
     return ST_STOP;
   }
 
@@ -414,13 +418,14 @@ static int grpc_rb_md_ary_fill_hash_cb(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE md_ary_obj) {
     array_length = RARRAY_LEN(val);
     /* If the value is an array, add capacity for each value in the array */
     for (i = 0; i < array_length; i++) {
-      value_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(rb_ary_entry(val, i)), RSTRING_LEN(rb_ary_entry(val, i)));
+      value_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(
+          RSTRING_PTR(rb_ary_entry(val, i)), RSTRING_LEN(rb_ary_entry(val, i)));
       if (!grpc_is_binary_header(key_slice) &&
           !grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal(value_slice)) {
         // The value has invalid characters
         tmp_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(value_slice);
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
-                 "Header value '%s' has invalid characters", tmp_str);
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Header value '%s' has invalid characters",
+                 tmp_str);
         return ST_STOP;
       }
       md_ary->metadata[md_ary->count].key = key_slice;
@@ -428,21 +433,21 @@ static int grpc_rb_md_ary_fill_hash_cb(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE md_ary_obj) {
       md_ary->count += 1;
     }
   } else if (TYPE(val) == T_STRING) {
-    value_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(val), RSTRING_LEN(val));
+    value_slice =
+        grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(val), RSTRING_LEN(val));
     if (!grpc_is_binary_header(key_slice) &&
         !grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal(value_slice)) {
       // The value has invalid characters
       tmp_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(value_slice);
-      rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
-               "Header value '%s' has invalid characters", tmp_str);
+      rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Header value '%s' has invalid characters",
+               tmp_str);
       return ST_STOP;
     }
     md_ary->metadata[md_ary->count].key = key_slice;
     md_ary->metadata[md_ary->count].value = value_slice;
     md_ary->count += 1;
   } else {
-    rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
-               "Header values must be of type string or array");
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Header values must be of type string or array");
     return ST_STOP;
   }
 
@@ -474,8 +479,7 @@ static int grpc_rb_md_ary_capacity_hash_cb(VALUE key, VALUE val,
 /* grpc_rb_md_ary_convert converts a ruby metadata hash into
    a grpc_metadata_array.
 */
-void grpc_rb_md_ary_convert(VALUE md_ary_hash,
-                                   grpc_metadata_array *md_ary) {
+void grpc_rb_md_ary_convert(VALUE md_ary_hash, grpc_metadata_array *md_ary) {
   VALUE md_ary_obj = Qnil;
   if (md_ary_hash == Qnil) {
     return; /* Do nothing if the expected has value is nil */
@@ -511,12 +515,14 @@ VALUE grpc_rb_md_ary_to_h(grpc_metadata_array *md_ary) {
       rb_hash_aset(result, key, value);
     } else if (TYPE(value) == T_ARRAY) {
       /* Add the string to the returned array */
-      rb_ary_push(value, grpc_rb_slice_to_ruby_string(md_ary->metadata[i].value));
+      rb_ary_push(value,
+                  grpc_rb_slice_to_ruby_string(md_ary->metadata[i].value));
     } else {
       /* Add the current value with this key and the new one to an array */
       new_ary = rb_ary_new();
       rb_ary_push(new_ary, value);
-      rb_ary_push(new_ary, grpc_rb_slice_to_ruby_string(md_ary->metadata[i].value));
+      rb_ary_push(new_ary,
+                  grpc_rb_slice_to_ruby_string(md_ary->metadata[i].value));
       rb_hash_aset(result, key, new_ary);
     }
   }
@@ -556,10 +562,9 @@ static int grpc_rb_call_check_op_keys_hash_cb(VALUE key, VALUE val,
 /* grpc_rb_op_update_status_from_server adds the values in a ruby status
    struct to the 'send_status_from_server' portion of an op.
 */
-static void grpc_rb_op_update_status_from_server(grpc_op *op,
-                                                 grpc_metadata_array *md_ary,
-                                                 grpc_slice *send_status_details,
-                                                 VALUE status) {
+static void grpc_rb_op_update_status_from_server(
+    grpc_op *op, grpc_metadata_array *md_ary, grpc_slice *send_status_details,
+    VALUE status) {
   VALUE code = rb_struct_aref(status, sym_code);
   VALUE details = rb_struct_aref(status, sym_details);
   VALUE metadata_hash = rb_struct_aref(status, sym_metadata);
@@ -576,7 +581,8 @@ static void grpc_rb_op_update_status_from_server(grpc_op *op,
     return;
   }
 
-  *send_status_details = grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(details), RSTRING_LEN(details));
+  *send_status_details =
+      grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(details), RSTRING_LEN(details));
 
   op->data.send_status_from_server.status = NUM2INT(code);
   op->data.send_status_from_server.status_details = send_status_details;
@@ -687,7 +693,8 @@ static void grpc_run_batch_stack_fill_ops(run_batch_stack *st, VALUE ops_hash) {
         /* N.B. later there is no need to explicitly delete the metadata keys
          * and values, they are references to data in ruby objects. */
         grpc_rb_op_update_status_from_server(
-            &st->ops[st->op_num], &st->send_trailing_metadata, &st->send_status_details, this_value);
+            &st->ops[st->op_num], &st->send_trailing_metadata,
+            &st->send_status_details, this_value);
         break;
       case GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA:
         st->ops[st->op_num].data.recv_initial_metadata.recv_initial_metadata =
@@ -749,12 +756,12 @@ static VALUE grpc_run_batch_stack_build_result(run_batch_stack *st) {
       case GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
         rb_struct_aset(
             result, sym_status,
-            rb_struct_new(grpc_rb_sStatus, UINT2NUM(st->recv_status),
-                          (GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(st->recv_status_details) == NULL
-                               ? Qnil
-                               : grpc_rb_slice_to_ruby_string(st->recv_status_details)),
-                          grpc_rb_md_ary_to_h(&st->recv_trailing_metadata),
-                          NULL));
+            rb_struct_new(
+                grpc_rb_sStatus, UINT2NUM(st->recv_status),
+                (GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(st->recv_status_details) == NULL
+                     ? Qnil
+                     : grpc_rb_slice_to_ruby_string(st->recv_status_details)),
+                grpc_rb_md_ary_to_h(&st->recv_trailing_metadata), NULL));
         break;
       case GRPC_OP_RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER:
         rb_struct_aset(result, sym_send_close, Qtrue);
@@ -791,7 +798,7 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_call_run_batch(VALUE self, VALUE ops_hash) {
   VALUE result = Qnil;
   VALUE rb_write_flag = rb_ivar_get(self, id_write_flag);
   unsigned write_flag = 0;
-  void *tag = (void*)&st;
+  void *tag = (void *)&st;
 
   if (RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) == NULL) {
     rb_raise(grpc_rb_eCallError, "Cannot run batch on closed call");
@@ -919,7 +926,8 @@ static void Init_grpc_op_codes() {
 }
 
 static void Init_grpc_metadata_keys() {
-  VALUE grpc_rb_mMetadataKeys = rb_define_module_under(grpc_rb_mGrpcCore, "MetadataKeys");
+  VALUE grpc_rb_mMetadataKeys =
+      rb_define_module_under(grpc_rb_mGrpcCore, "MetadataKeys");
   rb_define_const(grpc_rb_mMetadataKeys, "COMPRESSION_REQUEST_ALGORITHM",
                   rb_str_new2(GRPC_COMPRESSION_REQUEST_ALGORITHM_MD_KEY));
 }
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call.h b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call.h
index 56becdc5a4..dc597f7ba7 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call.h
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call.h
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@
 #include <grpc/grpc.h>
 
 /* Gets the wrapped call from a VALUE. */
-grpc_call* grpc_rb_get_wrapped_call(VALUE v);
+grpc_call *grpc_rb_get_wrapped_call(VALUE v);
 
 /* Gets the VALUE corresponding to given grpc_call. */
 VALUE grpc_rb_wrap_call(grpc_call *c, grpc_completion_queue *q);
 
 /* Provides the details of an call error */
-const char* grpc_call_error_detail_of(grpc_call_error err);
+const char *grpc_call_error_detail_of(grpc_call_error err);
 
 /* Converts a metadata array to a hash. */
 VALUE grpc_rb_md_ary_to_h(grpc_metadata_array *md_ary);
@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ VALUE grpc_rb_md_ary_to_h(grpc_metadata_array *md_ary);
 /* grpc_rb_md_ary_convert converts a ruby metadata hash into
    a grpc_metadata_array.
 */
-void grpc_rb_md_ary_convert(VALUE md_ary_hash,
-                            grpc_metadata_array *md_ary);
+void grpc_rb_md_ary_convert(VALUE md_ary_hash, grpc_metadata_array *md_ary);
 
 /* grpc_rb_eCallError is the ruby class of the exception thrown during call
    operations. */
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call_credentials.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call_credentials.c
index 280f21c973..7a5a74580d 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call_credentials.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_call_credentials.c
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 
 #include <ruby/ruby.h>
 
-#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 #include "rb_call_credentials.h"
+#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 
 #include <ruby/thread.h>
 
@@ -82,20 +82,18 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_call_credentials_callback(VALUE callback_args) {
 static VALUE grpc_rb_call_credentials_callback_rescue(VALUE args,
                                                       VALUE exception_object) {
   VALUE result = rb_hash_new();
-  VALUE backtrace = rb_funcall(
-      rb_funcall(exception_object, rb_intern("backtrace"), 0),
-      rb_intern("join"),
-      1, rb_str_new2("\n\tfrom "));
-  VALUE rb_exception_info = rb_funcall(exception_object, rb_intern("inspect"), 0);
+  VALUE backtrace =
+      rb_funcall(rb_funcall(exception_object, rb_intern("backtrace"), 0),
+                 rb_intern("join"), 1, rb_str_new2("\n\tfrom "));
+  VALUE rb_exception_info =
+      rb_funcall(exception_object, rb_intern("inspect"), 0);
   (void)args;
   gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Call credentials callback failed: %s\n%s",
-          StringValueCStr(rb_exception_info),
-          StringValueCStr(backtrace));
+          StringValueCStr(rb_exception_info), StringValueCStr(backtrace));
   rb_hash_aset(result, rb_str_new2("metadata"), Qnil);
   rb_hash_aset(result, rb_str_new2("status"),
                INT2NUM(GRPC_STATUS_UNAUTHENTICATED));
-  rb_hash_aset(result, rb_str_new2("details"),
-               rb_exception_info);
+  rb_hash_aset(result, rb_str_new2("details"), rb_exception_info);
   return result;
 }
 
@@ -118,7 +116,8 @@ static void grpc_rb_call_credentials_callback_with_gil(void *param) {
   result = rb_rescue(grpc_rb_call_credentials_callback, callback_args,
                      grpc_rb_call_credentials_callback_rescue, Qnil);
   // Both callbacks return a hash, so result should be a hash
-  grpc_rb_md_ary_convert(rb_hash_aref(result, rb_str_new2("metadata")), &md_ary);
+  grpc_rb_md_ary_convert(rb_hash_aref(result, rb_str_new2("metadata")),
+                         &md_ary);
   status = NUM2INT(rb_hash_aref(result, rb_str_new2("status")));
   details = rb_hash_aref(result, rb_str_new2("details"));
   error_details = StringValueCStr(details);
@@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ static void grpc_rb_call_credentials_plugin_get_metadata(
   params->callback = cb;
 
   grpc_rb_event_queue_enqueue(grpc_rb_call_credentials_callback_with_gil,
-                              (void*)(params));
+                              (void *)(params));
 }
 
 static void grpc_rb_call_credentials_plugin_destroy(void *state) {
@@ -172,13 +171,15 @@ static void grpc_rb_call_credentials_mark(void *p) {
 }
 
 static rb_data_type_t grpc_rb_call_credentials_data_type = {
-  "grpc_call_credentials",
-  {grpc_rb_call_credentials_mark, grpc_rb_call_credentials_free,
-   GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE, {NULL, NULL}},
-  NULL,
-  NULL,
+    "grpc_call_credentials",
+    {grpc_rb_call_credentials_mark,
+     grpc_rb_call_credentials_free,
+     GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE,
+     {NULL, NULL}},
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
 #ifdef RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
-  RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
+    RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 #endif
 };
 
@@ -188,7 +189,8 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_call_credentials_alloc(VALUE cls) {
   grpc_rb_call_credentials *wrapper = ALLOC(grpc_rb_call_credentials);
   wrapper->wrapped = NULL;
   wrapper->mark = Qnil;
-  return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(cls, &grpc_rb_call_credentials_data_type, wrapper);
+  return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(cls, &grpc_rb_call_credentials_data_type,
+                               wrapper);
 }
 
 /* Creates a wrapping object for a given call credentials. This should only be
@@ -221,6 +223,8 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_call_credentials_init(VALUE self, VALUE proc) {
   grpc_call_credentials *creds = NULL;
   grpc_metadata_credentials_plugin plugin;
 
+  grpc_ruby_once_init();
+
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_call_credentials,
                        &grpc_rb_call_credentials_data_type, wrapper);
 
@@ -230,7 +234,7 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_call_credentials_init(VALUE self, VALUE proc) {
     rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Argument to CallCredentials#new must be a proc");
     return Qnil;
   }
-  plugin.state = (void*)proc;
+  plugin.state = (void *)proc;
   plugin.type = "";
 
   creds = grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin(plugin, NULL);
@@ -281,15 +285,12 @@ void Init_grpc_call_credentials() {
                    grpc_rb_call_credentials_compose, -1);
 
   id_callback = rb_intern("__callback");
-
-  grpc_rb_event_queue_thread_start();
 }
 
 /* Gets the wrapped grpc_call_credentials from the ruby wrapper */
 grpc_call_credentials *grpc_rb_get_wrapped_call_credentials(VALUE v) {
   grpc_rb_call_credentials *wrapper = NULL;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(v, grpc_rb_call_credentials,
-                       &grpc_rb_call_credentials_data_type,
-                       wrapper);
+                       &grpc_rb_call_credentials_data_type, wrapper);
   return wrapper->wrapped;
 }
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel.c
index 05f7160183..a802183726 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel.c
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@
 #include <ruby/ruby.h>
 #include <ruby/thread.h>
 
-#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 #include "rb_byte_buffer.h"
 #include "rb_channel.h"
+#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 
 #include <grpc/grpc.h>
 #include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
@@ -89,10 +89,14 @@ typedef struct grpc_rb_channel {
 static void grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(
     grpc_rb_channel *wrapper);
 static void grpc_rb_channel_safe_destroy(grpc_rb_channel *wrapper);
+static void *wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_no_gil(void *);
+static void wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_unblocking_func(void *);
 
 static grpc_completion_queue *channel_polling_cq;
 static gpr_mu global_connection_polling_mu;
+static gpr_cv global_connection_polling_cv;
 static int abort_channel_polling = 0;
+static int channel_polling_thread_started = 0;
 
 /* Destroys Channel instances. */
 static void grpc_rb_channel_free(void *p) {
@@ -166,6 +170,11 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
   grpc_channel_args args;
   MEMZERO(&args, grpc_channel_args, 1);
 
+  grpc_ruby_once_init();
+  rb_thread_call_without_gvl(
+      wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_no_gil, NULL,
+      wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_unblocking_func, NULL);
+
   /* "3" == 3 mandatory args */
   rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "3", &target, &channel_args, &credentials);
 
@@ -196,14 +205,14 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
 
   gpr_mu_lock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
   wrapper->abort_watch_connectivity_state = 0;
-  wrapper->current_connectivity_state = grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(wrapper->wrapped, 0);
+  wrapper->current_connectivity_state =
+      grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(wrapper->wrapped, 0);
   wrapper->safe_to_destroy = 0;
   wrapper->request_safe_destroy = 0;
 
   gpr_cv_broadcast(&wrapper->channel_cv);
   gpr_mu_unlock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
 
-
   grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(wrapper);
 
   if (args.args != NULL) {
@@ -245,7 +254,8 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_get_connectivity_state(int argc, VALUE *argv,
     rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "closed!");
     return Qnil;
   }
-  return LONG2NUM(grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(wrapper->wrapped, grpc_try_to_connect));
+  return LONG2NUM(grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(wrapper->wrapped,
+                                                        grpc_try_to_connect));
 }
 
 typedef struct watch_state_stack {
@@ -255,22 +265,21 @@ typedef struct watch_state_stack {
 } watch_state_stack;
 
 static void *watch_channel_state_without_gvl(void *arg) {
-  watch_state_stack *stack = (watch_state_stack*)arg;
+  watch_state_stack *stack = (watch_state_stack *)arg;
   gpr_timespec deadline = stack->deadline;
   grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = stack->wrapper;
   int last_state = stack->last_state;
-  void *return_value = (void*)0;
+  void *return_value = (void *)0;
 
   gpr_mu_lock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
-  while(wrapper->current_connectivity_state == last_state &&
-        !wrapper->request_safe_destroy &&
-        !wrapper->safe_to_destroy &&
-        !wrapper->abort_watch_connectivity_state &&
-        gpr_time_cmp(deadline, gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)) > 0) {
+  while (wrapper->current_connectivity_state == last_state &&
+         !wrapper->request_safe_destroy && !wrapper->safe_to_destroy &&
+         !wrapper->abort_watch_connectivity_state &&
+         gpr_time_cmp(deadline, gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)) > 0) {
     gpr_cv_wait(&wrapper->channel_cv, &wrapper->channel_mu, deadline);
   }
   if (wrapper->current_connectivity_state != last_state) {
-    return_value = (void*)1;
+    return_value = (void *)1;
   }
   gpr_mu_unlock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
 
@@ -278,7 +287,7 @@ static void *watch_channel_state_without_gvl(void *arg) {
 }
 
 static void watch_channel_state_unblocking_func(void *arg) {
-  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = (grpc_rb_channel*)arg;
+  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = (grpc_rb_channel *)arg;
   gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: watch channel state unblocking func called");
   gpr_mu_lock(&wrapper->channel_mu);
   wrapper->abort_watch_connectivity_state = 1;
@@ -298,7 +307,7 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_watch_connectivity_state(VALUE self,
                                                       VALUE deadline) {
   grpc_rb_channel *wrapper = NULL;
   watch_state_stack stack;
-  void* out;
+  void *out;
 
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_channel, &grpc_channel_data_type, wrapper);
 
@@ -308,14 +317,18 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_watch_connectivity_state(VALUE self,
   }
 
   if (!FIXNUM_P(last_state)) {
-    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "bad type for last_state. want a GRPC::Core::ChannelState constant");
+    rb_raise(
+        rb_eTypeError,
+        "bad type for last_state. want a GRPC::Core::ChannelState constant");
     return Qnil;
   }
 
   stack.wrapper = wrapper;
   stack.deadline = grpc_rb_time_timeval(deadline, 0);
   stack.last_state = NUM2LONG(last_state);
-  out = rb_thread_call_without_gvl(watch_channel_state_without_gvl, &stack, watch_channel_state_unblocking_func, wrapper);
+  out =
+      rb_thread_call_without_gvl(watch_channel_state_without_gvl, &stack,
+                                 watch_channel_state_unblocking_func, wrapper);
   if (out) {
     return Qtrue;
   }
@@ -420,7 +433,7 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_get_target(VALUE self) {
 // destroy.
 // Not safe to call while a channel's connection state is polled.
 static void grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(
-  grpc_rb_channel *wrapper) {
+    grpc_rb_channel *wrapper) {
   grpc_connectivity_state conn_state;
   gpr_timespec sleep_time = gpr_time_add(
       gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), gpr_time_from_millis(20, GPR_TIMESPAN));
@@ -436,6 +449,7 @@ static void grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(
   }
   gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
 
+  GPR_ASSERT(channel_polling_thread_started || abort_channel_polling);
   conn_state = grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state(wrapper->wrapped, 0);
   if (conn_state != wrapper->current_connectivity_state) {
     wrapper->current_connectivity_state = conn_state;
@@ -469,7 +483,7 @@ static void grpc_rb_channel_safe_destroy(grpc_rb_channel *wrapper) {
 }
 
 // Note this loop breaks out with a single call of
-// "grpc_rb_event_unblocking_func".
+// "run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil".
 // This assumes that a ruby call the unblocking func
 // indicates process shutdown.
 // In the worst case, this stops polling channel connectivity
@@ -477,6 +491,14 @@ static void grpc_rb_channel_safe_destroy(grpc_rb_channel *wrapper) {
 static void *run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil(void *arg) {
   grpc_event event;
   (void)arg;
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil - begin");
+
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  GPR_ASSERT(!channel_polling_thread_started);
+  channel_polling_thread_started = 1;
+  gpr_cv_broadcast(&global_connection_polling_cv);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+
   for (;;) {
     event = grpc_completion_queue_next(
         channel_polling_cq, gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), NULL);
@@ -484,19 +506,24 @@ static void *run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil(void *arg) {
       break;
     }
     if (event.type == GRPC_OP_COMPLETE) {
-      grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling((grpc_rb_channel *)event.tag);
+      grpc_rb_channel_try_register_connection_polling(
+          (grpc_rb_channel *)event.tag);
     }
   }
   grpc_completion_queue_destroy(channel_polling_cq);
-  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil - exit connection polling loop");
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+          "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil - exit connection polling "
+          "loop");
   return NULL;
 }
 
 // Notify the channel polling loop to cleanup and shutdown.
-static void grpc_rb_event_unblocking_func(void *arg) {
+static void run_poll_channels_loop_unblocking_func(void *arg) {
   (void)arg;
   gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
-  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: grpc_rb_event_unblocking_func - begin aborting connection polling");
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+          "GRPC_RUBY: grpc_rb_event_unblocking_func - begin aborting "
+          "connection polling");
   abort_channel_polling = 1;
   grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(channel_polling_cq);
   gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
@@ -505,12 +532,41 @@ static void grpc_rb_event_unblocking_func(void *arg) {
 // Poll channel connectivity states in background thread without the GIL.
 static VALUE run_poll_channels_loop(VALUE arg) {
   (void)arg;
-  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop - create connection polling thread");
+  gpr_log(
+      GPR_DEBUG,
+      "GRPC_RUBY: run_poll_channels_loop - create connection polling thread");
   rb_thread_call_without_gvl(run_poll_channels_loop_no_gil, NULL,
-                             grpc_rb_event_unblocking_func, NULL);
+                             run_poll_channels_loop_unblocking_func, NULL);
+
   return Qnil;
 }
 
+static void *wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_no_gil(void *arg) {
+  (void)arg;
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: wait for channel polling thread to start");
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  while (!channel_polling_thread_started && !abort_channel_polling) {
+    gpr_cv_wait(&global_connection_polling_cv, &global_connection_polling_mu,
+                gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME));
+  }
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static void wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_unblocking_func(
+    void *arg) {
+  (void)arg;
+  gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
+          "GRPC_RUBY: "
+          "wait_until_channel_polling_thread_started_unblocking_func - begin "
+          "aborting connection polling");
+  abort_channel_polling = 1;
+  gpr_cv_broadcast(&global_connection_polling_cv);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+}
+
 /* Temporary fix for
  * https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/google-cloud-ruby/issues/899.
  * Transports in idle channels can get destroyed. Normally c-core re-connects,
@@ -521,11 +577,26 @@ static VALUE run_poll_channels_loop(VALUE arg) {
  * calls - so that c-core can reconnect if needed, when there aren't any RPC's.
  * TODO(apolcyn) remove this when core handles new RPCs on dead connections.
  */
-static void start_poll_channels_loop() {
-  channel_polling_cq = grpc_completion_queue_create_for_next(NULL);
+void grpc_rb_channel_polling_thread_start() {
+  VALUE background_thread = Qnil;
+
+  GPR_ASSERT(!abort_channel_polling);
+  GPR_ASSERT(!channel_polling_thread_started);
+  GPR_ASSERT(channel_polling_cq == NULL);
+
   gpr_mu_init(&global_connection_polling_mu);
-  abort_channel_polling = 0;
-  rb_thread_create(run_poll_channels_loop, NULL);
+  gpr_cv_init(&global_connection_polling_cv);
+
+  channel_polling_cq = grpc_completion_queue_create_for_next(NULL);
+  background_thread = rb_thread_create(run_poll_channels_loop, NULL);
+
+  if (!RTEST(background_thread)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "GRPC_RUBY: failed to spawn channel polling thread");
+    gpr_mu_lock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+    abort_channel_polling = 1;
+    gpr_cv_broadcast(&global_connection_polling_cv);
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&global_connection_polling_mu);
+  }
 }
 
 static void Init_grpc_propagate_masks() {
@@ -597,7 +668,6 @@ void Init_grpc_channel() {
   id_insecure_channel = rb_intern("this_channel_is_insecure");
   Init_grpc_propagate_masks();
   Init_grpc_connectivity_states();
-  start_poll_channels_loop();
 }
 
 /* Gets the wrapped channel from the ruby wrapper */
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel.h b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel.h
index 77e1f6acbc..fdceb79bca 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel.h
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel.h
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@
 /* Initializes the Channel class. */
 void Init_grpc_channel();
 
+void grpc_rb_channel_polling_thread_start();
+
 /* Gets the wrapped channel from the ruby wrapper */
 grpc_channel* grpc_rb_get_wrapped_channel(VALUE v);
 
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel_args.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel_args.c
index 87c0e0a705..fa9ddee372 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel_args.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel_args.c
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 
 #include <ruby/ruby.h>
 
-#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 #include "rb_channel_args.h"
+#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 
 #include <grpc/grpc.h>
 
@@ -42,9 +42,12 @@
 
 static rb_data_type_t grpc_rb_channel_args_data_type = {
     "grpc_channel_args",
-    {GRPC_RB_GC_NOT_MARKED, GRPC_RB_GC_DONT_FREE, GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE,
+    {GRPC_RB_GC_NOT_MARKED,
+     GRPC_RB_GC_DONT_FREE,
+     GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE,
      {NULL, NULL}},
-    NULL, NULL,
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
 #ifdef RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
     RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
 #endif
@@ -137,11 +140,10 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_hash_convert_to_channel_args0(VALUE as_value) {
     params->dst->num_args = num_args;
     params->dst->args = ALLOC_N(grpc_arg, num_args);
     MEMZERO(params->dst->args, grpc_arg, num_args);
-    rb_hash_foreach(params->src_hash,
-                    grpc_rb_channel_create_in_process_add_args_hash_cb,
-                    TypedData_Wrap_Struct(grpc_rb_cChannelArgs,
-                                          &grpc_rb_channel_args_data_type,
-                                          params->dst));
+    rb_hash_foreach(
+        params->src_hash, grpc_rb_channel_create_in_process_add_args_hash_cb,
+        TypedData_Wrap_Struct(grpc_rb_cChannelArgs,
+                              &grpc_rb_channel_args_data_type, params->dst));
     /* reset num_args as grpc_rb_channel_create_in_process_add_args_hash_cb
      * decrements it during has processing */
     params->dst->num_args = num_args;
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ void grpc_rb_hash_convert_to_channel_args(VALUE src_hash,
   /* Make a protected call to grpc_rb_hash_convert_channel_args */
   params.src_hash = src_hash;
   params.dst = dst;
-  rb_protect(grpc_rb_hash_convert_to_channel_args0, (VALUE) & params, &status);
+  rb_protect(grpc_rb_hash_convert_to_channel_args0, (VALUE)&params, &status);
   if (status != 0) {
     if (dst->args != NULL) {
       /* Free any allocated memory before propagating the error */
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel_credentials.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel_credentials.c
index 5b7aa3417e..db713ed821 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel_credentials.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_channel_credentials.c
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 #include "rb_channel_credentials.h"
+#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 
 #include <grpc/grpc.h>
 #include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
@@ -91,8 +91,10 @@ static void grpc_rb_channel_credentials_mark(void *p) {
 
 static rb_data_type_t grpc_rb_channel_credentials_data_type = {
     "grpc_channel_credentials",
-    {grpc_rb_channel_credentials_mark, grpc_rb_channel_credentials_free,
-     GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE, {NULL, NULL}},
+    {grpc_rb_channel_credentials_mark,
+     grpc_rb_channel_credentials_free,
+     GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE,
+     {NULL, NULL}},
     NULL,
     NULL,
 #ifdef RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
@@ -106,13 +108,15 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_credentials_alloc(VALUE cls) {
   grpc_rb_channel_credentials *wrapper = ALLOC(grpc_rb_channel_credentials);
   wrapper->wrapped = NULL;
   wrapper->mark = Qnil;
-  return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(cls, &grpc_rb_channel_credentials_data_type, wrapper);
+  return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(cls, &grpc_rb_channel_credentials_data_type,
+                               wrapper);
 }
 
 /* Creates a wrapping object for a given channel credentials. This should only
  * be called with grpc_channel_credentials objects that are not already
  * associated with any Ruby object. */
-VALUE grpc_rb_wrap_channel_credentials(grpc_channel_credentials *c, VALUE mark) {
+VALUE grpc_rb_wrap_channel_credentials(grpc_channel_credentials *c,
+                                       VALUE mark) {
   VALUE rb_wrapper;
   grpc_rb_channel_credentials *wrapper;
   if (c == NULL) {
@@ -147,7 +151,8 @@ static ID id_pem_cert_chain;
     pem_private_key: (optional) PEM encoding of the client's private key
     pem_cert_chain: (optional) PEM encoding of the client's cert chain
     Initializes Credential instances. */
-static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_credentials_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
+static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_credentials_init(int argc, VALUE *argv,
+                                              VALUE self) {
   VALUE pem_root_certs = Qnil;
   VALUE pem_private_key = Qnil;
   VALUE pem_cert_chain = Qnil;
@@ -156,6 +161,9 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_credentials_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
   grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair key_cert_pair;
   const char *pem_root_certs_cstr = NULL;
   MEMZERO(&key_cert_pair, grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair, 1);
+
+  grpc_ruby_once_init();
+
   /* "03" == no mandatory arg, 3 optional */
   rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "03", &pem_root_certs, &pem_private_key,
                &pem_cert_chain);
@@ -170,8 +178,8 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_channel_credentials_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
   } else {
     key_cert_pair.private_key = RSTRING_PTR(pem_private_key);
     key_cert_pair.cert_chain = RSTRING_PTR(pem_cert_chain);
-    creds = grpc_ssl_credentials_create(pem_root_certs_cstr,
-                                        &key_cert_pair, NULL);
+    creds =
+        grpc_ssl_credentials_create(pem_root_certs_cstr, &key_cert_pair, NULL);
   }
   if (creds == NULL) {
     rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "could not create a credentials, not sure why");
@@ -230,8 +238,8 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_set_default_roots_pem(VALUE self, VALUE roots) {
 }
 
 void Init_grpc_channel_credentials() {
-  grpc_rb_cChannelCredentials =
-      rb_define_class_under(grpc_rb_mGrpcCore, "ChannelCredentials", rb_cObject);
+  grpc_rb_cChannelCredentials = rb_define_class_under(
+      grpc_rb_mGrpcCore, "ChannelCredentials", rb_cObject);
 
   /* Allocates an object managed by the ruby runtime */
   rb_define_alloc_func(grpc_rb_cChannelCredentials,
@@ -259,7 +267,6 @@ void Init_grpc_channel_credentials() {
 grpc_channel_credentials *grpc_rb_get_wrapped_channel_credentials(VALUE v) {
   grpc_rb_channel_credentials *wrapper = NULL;
   TypedData_Get_Struct(v, grpc_rb_channel_credentials,
-                       &grpc_rb_channel_credentials_data_type,
-                       wrapper);
+                       &grpc_rb_channel_credentials_data_type, wrapper);
   return wrapper->wrapped;
 }
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_completion_queue.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_completion_queue.c
index fd75d2f691..c9d67739a5 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_completion_queue.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_completion_queue.c
@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@
 
 #include <ruby/ruby.h>
 
-#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 #include "rb_completion_queue.h"
+#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 
 #include <ruby/thread.h>
 
 #include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/support/time.h>
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <grpc/support/time.h>
 #include "rb_grpc.h"
 
 /* Used to allow grpc_completion_queue_next call to release the GIL */
@@ -54,14 +54,13 @@ typedef struct next_call_stack {
 
 /* Calls grpc_completion_queue_pluck without holding the ruby GIL */
 static void *grpc_rb_completion_queue_pluck_no_gil(void *param) {
-  next_call_stack *const next_call = (next_call_stack*)param;
+  next_call_stack *const next_call = (next_call_stack *)param;
   gpr_timespec increment = gpr_time_from_millis(20, GPR_TIMESPAN);
   gpr_timespec deadline;
   do {
     deadline = gpr_time_add(gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), increment);
-    next_call->event = grpc_completion_queue_pluck(next_call->cq,
-                                                   next_call->tag,
-                                                   deadline, NULL);
+    next_call->event = grpc_completion_queue_pluck(
+        next_call->cq, next_call->tag, deadline, NULL);
     if (next_call->event.type != GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT ||
         gpr_time_cmp(deadline, next_call->timeout) > 0) {
       break;
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ void grpc_rb_completion_queue_destroy(grpc_completion_queue *cq) {
 }
 
 static void unblock_func(void *param) {
-  next_call_stack *const next_call = (next_call_stack*)param;
+  next_call_stack *const next_call = (next_call_stack *)param;
   next_call->interrupted = 1;
 }
 
@@ -111,7 +110,6 @@ grpc_event rb_completion_queue_pluck(grpc_completion_queue *queue, void *tag,
                                (void *)&next_call);
     /* If an interrupt prevented pluck from returning useful information, then
        any plucks that did complete must have timed out */
-  } while (next_call.interrupted &&
-           next_call.event.type == GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT);
+  } while (next_call.interrupted && next_call.event.type == GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT);
   return next_call.event;
 }
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_compression_options.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_compression_options.c
index 6b2467ee46..45c963dca6 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_compression_options.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_compression_options.c
@@ -33,15 +33,15 @@
 
 #include <ruby/ruby.h>
 
-#include "rb_compression_options.h"
 #include "rb_byte_buffer.h"
+#include "rb_compression_options.h"
 #include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 
 #include <grpc/compression.h>
 #include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <grpc/impl/codegen/compression_types.h>
 #include <grpc/impl/codegen/grpc_types.h>
+#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include "rb_grpc.h"
@@ -100,8 +100,11 @@ static rb_data_type_t grpc_rb_compression_options_data_type = {
    Allocate the wrapped grpc compression options and
    initialize it here too. */
 static VALUE grpc_rb_compression_options_alloc(VALUE cls) {
-  grpc_rb_compression_options *wrapper =
-      gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_rb_compression_options));
+  grpc_rb_compression_options *wrapper = NULL;
+
+  grpc_ruby_once_init();
+
+  wrapper = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_rb_compression_options));
   wrapper->wrapped = NULL;
   wrapper->wrapped = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_compression_options));
   grpc_compression_options_init(wrapper->wrapped);
@@ -179,15 +182,16 @@ void grpc_rb_compression_options_algorithm_name_to_value_internal(
    * correct C string out of it. */
   algorithm_name_as_string = rb_funcall(algorithm_name, rb_intern("to_s"), 0);
 
-  name_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(algorithm_name_as_string), RSTRING_LEN(algorithm_name_as_string));
+  name_slice =
+      grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(RSTRING_PTR(algorithm_name_as_string),
+                                    RSTRING_LEN(algorithm_name_as_string));
 
   /* Raise an error if the name isn't recognized as a compression algorithm by
    * the algorithm parse function
    * in GRPC core. */
-  if(!grpc_compression_algorithm_parse(name_slice, algorithm_value)) {
+  if (!grpc_compression_algorithm_parse(name_slice, algorithm_value)) {
     tmp_str = grpc_slice_to_c_string(name_slice);
-    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "Invalid compression algorithm name: %s",
-             tmp_str);
+    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "Invalid compression algorithm name: %s", tmp_str);
   }
 
   grpc_slice_unref(name_slice);
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_event_thread.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_event_thread.c
index 9e85bbcfbf..9a3b56ddfb 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_event_thread.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_event_thread.c
@@ -33,20 +33,20 @@
 
 #include <ruby/ruby.h>
 
-#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 #include "rb_event_thread.h"
+#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
-#include <ruby/thread.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
+#include <grpc/support/log.h>
 #include <grpc/support/sync.h>
 #include <grpc/support/time.h>
-#include <grpc/support/log.h>
+#include <ruby/thread.h>
 
 typedef struct grpc_rb_event {
   // callback will be called with argument while holding the GVL
-  void (*callback)(void*);
+  void (*callback)(void *);
   void *argument;
 
   struct grpc_rb_event *next;
@@ -65,8 +65,7 @@ typedef struct grpc_rb_event_queue {
 
 static grpc_rb_event_queue event_queue;
 
-void grpc_rb_event_queue_enqueue(void (*callback)(void*),
-                                 void *argument) {
+void grpc_rb_event_queue_enqueue(void (*callback)(void *), void *argument) {
   grpc_rb_event *event = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_rb_event));
   event->callback = callback;
   event->argument = argument;
@@ -107,8 +106,7 @@ static void *grpc_rb_wait_for_event_no_gil(void *param) {
   (void)param;
   gpr_mu_lock(&event_queue.mu);
   while ((event = grpc_rb_event_queue_dequeue()) == NULL) {
-    gpr_cv_wait(&event_queue.cv,
-                &event_queue.mu,
+    gpr_cv_wait(&event_queue.cv, &event_queue.mu,
                 gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME));
     if (event_queue.abort) {
       gpr_mu_unlock(&event_queue.mu);
@@ -132,10 +130,10 @@ static void grpc_rb_event_unblocking_func(void *arg) {
 static VALUE grpc_rb_event_thread(VALUE arg) {
   grpc_rb_event *event;
   (void)arg;
-  while(true) {
-    event = (grpc_rb_event*)rb_thread_call_without_gvl(
-        grpc_rb_wait_for_event_no_gil, NULL,
-        grpc_rb_event_unblocking_func, NULL);
+  while (true) {
+    event = (grpc_rb_event *)rb_thread_call_without_gvl(
+        grpc_rb_wait_for_event_no_gil, NULL, grpc_rb_event_unblocking_func,
+        NULL);
     if (event == NULL) {
       // Indicates that the thread needs to shut down
       break;
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_event_thread.h b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_event_thread.h
index 46638bfcf5..d7eff760a1 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_event_thread.h
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_event_thread.h
@@ -33,5 +33,4 @@
 
 void grpc_rb_event_queue_thread_start();
 
-void grpc_rb_event_queue_enqueue(void (*callback)(void*),
-                                 void *argument);
+void grpc_rb_event_queue_enqueue(void (*callback)(void *), void *argument);
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc.c
index 17cd165a91..5be8861e0c 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc.c
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 
 #include <ruby/ruby.h>
 
-#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 #include "rb_grpc.h"
+#include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 
 #include <math.h>
 #include <ruby/vm.h>
@@ -46,16 +46,19 @@
 #include "rb_call_credentials.h"
 #include "rb_channel.h"
 #include "rb_channel_credentials.h"
+#include "rb_compression_options.h"
+#include "rb_event_thread.h"
 #include "rb_loader.h"
 #include "rb_server.h"
 #include "rb_server_credentials.h"
-#include "rb_compression_options.h"
 
 static VALUE grpc_rb_cTimeVal = Qnil;
 
 static rb_data_type_t grpc_rb_timespec_data_type = {
     "gpr_timespec",
-    {GRPC_RB_GC_NOT_MARKED, GRPC_RB_GC_DONT_FREE, GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE,
+    {GRPC_RB_GC_NOT_MARKED,
+     GRPC_RB_GC_DONT_FREE,
+     GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE,
      {NULL, NULL}},
     NULL,
     NULL,
@@ -84,8 +87,7 @@ VALUE grpc_rb_cannot_init(VALUE self) {
 /* Init/Clone func that fails by raising an exception. */
 VALUE grpc_rb_cannot_init_copy(VALUE copy, VALUE self) {
   (void)self;
-  rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
-           "Copy initialization of %s is not supported",
+  rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Copy initialization of %s is not supported",
            rb_obj_classname(copy));
   return Qnil;
 }
@@ -143,8 +145,7 @@ gpr_timespec grpc_rb_time_timeval(VALUE time, int interval) {
         }
         t.tv_sec = (int64_t)f;
         if (f != t.tv_sec) {
-          rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%f out of Time range",
-                   RFLOAT_VALUE(time));
+          rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%f out of Time range", RFLOAT_VALUE(time));
         }
         t.tv_nsec = (int)(d * 1e9 + 0.5);
       }
@@ -269,9 +270,7 @@ static void Init_grpc_time_consts() {
   id_tv_nsec = rb_intern("tv_nsec");
 }
 
-static void grpc_rb_shutdown(void) {
-  grpc_shutdown();
-}
+static void grpc_rb_shutdown(void) { grpc_shutdown(); }
 
 /* Initialize the GRPC module structs */
 
@@ -291,17 +290,14 @@ VALUE sym_metadata = Qundef;
 
 static gpr_once g_once_init = GPR_ONCE_INIT;
 
-static void grpc_ruby_once_init() {
+static void grpc_ruby_once_init_internal() {
   grpc_init();
+  grpc_rb_event_queue_thread_start();
+  grpc_rb_channel_polling_thread_start();
   atexit(grpc_rb_shutdown);
 }
 
-void Init_grpc_c() {
-  if (!grpc_rb_load_core()) {
-    rb_raise(rb_eLoadError, "Couldn't find or load gRPC's dynamic C core");
-    return;
-  }
-
+void grpc_ruby_once_init() {
   /* ruby_vm_at_exit doesn't seem to be working. It would crash once every
    * blue moon, and some users are getting it repeatedly. See the discussions
    *  - https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/5337
@@ -312,13 +308,19 @@ void Init_grpc_c() {
    * then loaded again by another VM within the same process, we need to
    * schedule our initialization and destruction only once.
    */
-  gpr_once_init(&g_once_init, grpc_ruby_once_init);
+  gpr_once_init(&g_once_init, grpc_ruby_once_init_internal);
+}
+
+void Init_grpc_c() {
+  if (!grpc_rb_load_core()) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eLoadError, "Couldn't find or load gRPC's dynamic C core");
+    return;
+  }
 
   grpc_rb_mGRPC = rb_define_module("GRPC");
   grpc_rb_mGrpcCore = rb_define_module_under(grpc_rb_mGRPC, "Core");
-  grpc_rb_sNewServerRpc =
-      rb_struct_define("NewServerRpc", "method", "host",
-                       "deadline", "metadata", "call", NULL);
+  grpc_rb_sNewServerRpc = rb_struct_define(
+      "NewServerRpc", "method", "host", "deadline", "metadata", "call", NULL);
   grpc_rb_sStatus =
       rb_struct_define("Status", "code", "details", "metadata", NULL);
   sym_code = ID2SYM(rb_intern("code"));
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc.h b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc.h
index 6ea6cbd0b6..8538a74211 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc.h
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc.h
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@
 #ifndef GRPC_RB_H_
 #define GRPC_RB_H_
 
-#include <sys/time.h>
 #include <ruby/ruby.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
 
 #include <grpc/support/time.h>
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ extern VALUE sym_metadata;
 
 /* GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE is used in rb_data_type_t to indicate that the
  * number of bytes used by the wrapped struct is not available. */
-#define GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE (size_t (*)(const void*))(NULL)
+#define GRPC_RB_MEMSIZE_UNAVAILABLE (size_t(*)(const void*))(NULL)
 
 /* A ruby object alloc func that fails by raising an exception. */
 VALUE grpc_rb_cannot_alloc(VALUE cls);
@@ -82,4 +82,6 @@ VALUE grpc_rb_cannot_init_copy(VALUE copy, VALUE self);
 /* grpc_rb_time_timeval creates a gpr_timespec from a ruby time object. */
 gpr_timespec grpc_rb_time_timeval(VALUE time, int interval);
 
+void grpc_ruby_once_init();
+
 #endif /* GRPC_RB_H_ */
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.c
index 063f92114c..1c68b2dc7c 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.c
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ grpc_channel_create_call_type grpc_channel_create_call_import;
 grpc_channel_ping_type grpc_channel_ping_import;
 grpc_channel_register_call_type grpc_channel_register_call_import;
 grpc_channel_create_registered_call_type grpc_channel_create_registered_call_import;
+grpc_call_arena_alloc_type grpc_call_arena_alloc_import;
 grpc_call_start_batch_type grpc_call_start_batch_import;
 grpc_call_get_peer_type grpc_call_get_peer_import;
-grpc_call_set_load_reporting_cost_context_type grpc_call_set_load_reporting_cost_context_import;
 grpc_census_call_set_context_type grpc_census_call_set_context_import;
 grpc_census_call_get_context_type grpc_census_call_get_context_import;
 grpc_channel_get_target_type grpc_channel_get_target_import;
@@ -120,7 +120,8 @@ grpc_lame_client_channel_create_type grpc_lame_client_channel_create_import;
 grpc_channel_destroy_type grpc_channel_destroy_import;
 grpc_call_cancel_type grpc_call_cancel_import;
 grpc_call_cancel_with_status_type grpc_call_cancel_with_status_import;
-grpc_call_destroy_type grpc_call_destroy_import;
+grpc_call_ref_type grpc_call_ref_import;
+grpc_call_unref_type grpc_call_unref_import;
 grpc_server_request_call_type grpc_server_request_call_import;
 grpc_server_register_method_type grpc_server_register_method_import;
 grpc_server_request_registered_call_type grpc_server_request_registered_call_import;
@@ -405,9 +406,9 @@ void grpc_rb_load_imports(HMODULE library) {
   grpc_channel_ping_import = (grpc_channel_ping_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_ping");
   grpc_channel_register_call_import = (grpc_channel_register_call_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_register_call");
   grpc_channel_create_registered_call_import = (grpc_channel_create_registered_call_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_create_registered_call");
+  grpc_call_arena_alloc_import = (grpc_call_arena_alloc_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_arena_alloc");
   grpc_call_start_batch_import = (grpc_call_start_batch_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_start_batch");
   grpc_call_get_peer_import = (grpc_call_get_peer_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_get_peer");
-  grpc_call_set_load_reporting_cost_context_import = (grpc_call_set_load_reporting_cost_context_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_set_load_reporting_cost_context");
   grpc_census_call_set_context_import = (grpc_census_call_set_context_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_census_call_set_context");
   grpc_census_call_get_context_import = (grpc_census_call_get_context_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_census_call_get_context");
   grpc_channel_get_target_import = (grpc_channel_get_target_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_get_target");
@@ -417,7 +418,8 @@ void grpc_rb_load_imports(HMODULE library) {
   grpc_channel_destroy_import = (grpc_channel_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_destroy");
   grpc_call_cancel_import = (grpc_call_cancel_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_cancel");
   grpc_call_cancel_with_status_import = (grpc_call_cancel_with_status_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_cancel_with_status");
-  grpc_call_destroy_import = (grpc_call_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_destroy");
+  grpc_call_ref_import = (grpc_call_ref_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_ref");
+  grpc_call_unref_import = (grpc_call_unref_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_unref");
   grpc_server_request_call_import = (grpc_server_request_call_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_request_call");
   grpc_server_register_method_import = (grpc_server_register_method_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_register_method");
   grpc_server_request_registered_call_import = (grpc_server_request_registered_call_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_request_registered_call");
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.h b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.h
index e036ff7bd6..c33fdd210e 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.h
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.h
@@ -275,15 +275,15 @@ extern grpc_channel_register_call_type grpc_channel_register_call_import;
 typedef grpc_call *(*grpc_channel_create_registered_call_type)(grpc_channel *channel, grpc_call *parent_call, uint32_t propagation_mask, grpc_completion_queue *completion_queue, void *registered_call_handle, gpr_timespec deadline, void *reserved);
 extern grpc_channel_create_registered_call_type grpc_channel_create_registered_call_import;
 #define grpc_channel_create_registered_call grpc_channel_create_registered_call_import
+typedef void *(*grpc_call_arena_alloc_type)(grpc_call *call, size_t size);
+extern grpc_call_arena_alloc_type grpc_call_arena_alloc_import;
+#define grpc_call_arena_alloc grpc_call_arena_alloc_import
 typedef grpc_call_error(*grpc_call_start_batch_type)(grpc_call *call, const grpc_op *ops, size_t nops, void *tag, void *reserved);
 extern grpc_call_start_batch_type grpc_call_start_batch_import;
 #define grpc_call_start_batch grpc_call_start_batch_import
 typedef char *(*grpc_call_get_peer_type)(grpc_call *call);
 extern grpc_call_get_peer_type grpc_call_get_peer_import;
 #define grpc_call_get_peer grpc_call_get_peer_import
-typedef void(*grpc_call_set_load_reporting_cost_context_type)(grpc_call *call, struct grpc_load_reporting_cost_context *context);
-extern grpc_call_set_load_reporting_cost_context_type grpc_call_set_load_reporting_cost_context_import;
-#define grpc_call_set_load_reporting_cost_context grpc_call_set_load_reporting_cost_context_import
 typedef void(*grpc_census_call_set_context_type)(grpc_call *call, struct census_context *context);
 extern grpc_census_call_set_context_type grpc_census_call_set_context_import;
 #define grpc_census_call_set_context grpc_census_call_set_context_import
@@ -311,9 +311,12 @@ extern grpc_call_cancel_type grpc_call_cancel_import;
 typedef grpc_call_error(*grpc_call_cancel_with_status_type)(grpc_call *call, grpc_status_code status, const char *description, void *reserved);
 extern grpc_call_cancel_with_status_type grpc_call_cancel_with_status_import;
 #define grpc_call_cancel_with_status grpc_call_cancel_with_status_import
-typedef void(*grpc_call_destroy_type)(grpc_call *call);
-extern grpc_call_destroy_type grpc_call_destroy_import;
-#define grpc_call_destroy grpc_call_destroy_import
+typedef void(*grpc_call_ref_type)(grpc_call *call);
+extern grpc_call_ref_type grpc_call_ref_import;
+#define grpc_call_ref grpc_call_ref_import
+typedef void(*grpc_call_unref_type)(grpc_call *call);
+extern grpc_call_unref_type grpc_call_unref_import;
+#define grpc_call_unref grpc_call_unref_import
 typedef grpc_call_error(*grpc_server_request_call_type)(grpc_server *server, grpc_call **call, grpc_call_details *details, grpc_metadata_array *request_metadata, grpc_completion_queue *cq_bound_to_call, grpc_completion_queue *cq_for_notification, void *tag_new);
 extern grpc_server_request_call_type grpc_server_request_call_import;
 #define grpc_server_request_call grpc_server_request_call_import
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_server.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_server.c
index ef57d5b07e..d7408f683d 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_server.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_server.c
@@ -132,11 +132,15 @@ static VALUE grpc_rb_server_alloc(VALUE cls) {
 
   Initializes server instances. */
 static VALUE grpc_rb_server_init(VALUE self, VALUE channel_args) {
-  grpc_completion_queue *cq = grpc_completion_queue_create_for_pluck(NULL);
+  grpc_completion_queue *cq = NULL;
   grpc_rb_server *wrapper = NULL;
   grpc_server *srv = NULL;
   grpc_channel_args args;
   MEMZERO(&args, grpc_channel_args, 1);
+
+  grpc_ruby_once_init();
+
+  cq = grpc_completion_queue_create_for_pluck(NULL);
   TypedData_Get_Struct(self, grpc_rb_server, &grpc_rb_server_data_type,
                        wrapper);
   grpc_rb_hash_convert_to_channel_args(channel_args, &args);