Merge branch 'master' into debug-timers

148 files changed, 3454 insertions, 2396 deletions

diff --git a/src/compiler/cpp_generator.cc b/src/compiler/cpp_generator.cc
index b09bf99677..c2db8eff71 100644
--- a/src/compiler/cpp_generator.cc
+++ b/src/compiler/cpp_generator.cc
@@ -165,25 +165,37 @@ void PrintHeaderClientMethodInterfaces(
   (*vars)["Request"] = method->input_type_name();
   (*vars)["Response"] = method->output_type_name();
 
+  struct {
+    grpc::string prefix;
+    grpc::string method_params;  // extra arguments to method
+    grpc::string raw_args;       // extra arguments to raw version of method
+  } async_prefixes[] = {{"Async", ", void* tag", ", tag"},
+                        {"PrepareAsync", "", ""}};
+
   if (is_public) {
     if (method->NoStreaming()) {
       printer->Print(
           *vars,
           "virtual ::grpc::Status $Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
           "const $Request$& request, $Response$* response) = 0;\n");
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "std::unique_ptr< "
-                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReaderInterface< $Response$>> "
-                     "Async$Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
-                     "const $Request$& request, "
-                     "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq) {\n");
-      printer->Indent();
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "return std::unique_ptr< "
-                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReaderInterface< $Response$>>("
-                     "Async$Method$Raw(context, request, cq));\n");
-      printer->Outdent();
-      printer->Print("}\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "std::unique_ptr< "
+            "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReaderInterface< $Response$>> "
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
+            "const $Request$& request, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq) {\n");
+        printer->Indent();
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "return std::unique_ptr< "
+            "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReaderInterface< $Response$>>("
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(context, request, cq));\n");
+        printer->Outdent();
+        printer->Print("}\n");
+      }
     } else if (ClientOnlyStreaming(method)) {
       printer->Print(
           *vars,
@@ -197,19 +209,26 @@ void PrintHeaderClientMethodInterfaces(
           "($Method$Raw(context, response));\n");
       printer->Outdent();
       printer->Print("}\n");
-      printer->Print(
-          *vars,
-          "std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncWriterInterface< $Request$>>"
-          " Async$Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, $Response$* "
-          "response, "
-          "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) {\n");
-      printer->Indent();
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "return std::unique_ptr< "
-                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncWriterInterface< $Request$>>("
-                     "Async$Method$Raw(context, response, cq, tag));\n");
-      printer->Outdent();
-      printer->Print("}\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+        (*vars)["AsyncRawArgs"] = async_prefix.raw_args;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncWriterInterface< $Request$>>"
+            " $AsyncPrefix$$Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
+            "$Response$* "
+            "response, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) {\n");
+        printer->Indent();
+        printer->Print(*vars,
+                       "return std::unique_ptr< "
+                       "::grpc::ClientAsyncWriterInterface< $Request$>>("
+                       "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(context, response, "
+                       "cq$AsyncRawArgs$));\n");
+        printer->Outdent();
+        printer->Print("}\n");
+      }
     } else if (ServerOnlyStreaming(method)) {
       printer->Print(
           *vars,
@@ -223,19 +242,25 @@ void PrintHeaderClientMethodInterfaces(
           "($Method$Raw(context, request));\n");
       printer->Outdent();
       printer->Print("}\n");
-      printer->Print(
-          *vars,
-          "std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderInterface< $Response$>> "
-          "Async$Method$("
-          "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
-          "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) {\n");
-      printer->Indent();
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "return std::unique_ptr< "
-                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderInterface< $Response$>>("
-                     "Async$Method$Raw(context, request, cq, tag));\n");
-      printer->Outdent();
-      printer->Print("}\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+        (*vars)["AsyncRawArgs"] = async_prefix.raw_args;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderInterface< $Response$>> "
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$("
+            "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) {\n");
+        printer->Indent();
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "return std::unique_ptr< "
+            "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderInterface< $Response$>>("
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(context, request, cq$AsyncRawArgs$));\n");
+        printer->Outdent();
+        printer->Print("}\n");
+      }
     } else if (method->BidiStreaming()) {
       printer->Print(*vars,
                      "std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientReaderWriterInterface< "
@@ -249,61 +274,83 @@ void PrintHeaderClientMethodInterfaces(
           "$Method$Raw(context));\n");
       printer->Outdent();
       printer->Print("}\n");
-      printer->Print(
-          *vars,
-          "std::unique_ptr< "
-          "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriterInterface< $Request$, $Response$>> "
-          "Async$Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
-          "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) {\n");
-      printer->Indent();
-      printer->Print(
-          *vars,
-          "return std::unique_ptr< "
-          "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriterInterface< $Request$, $Response$>>("
-          "Async$Method$Raw(context, cq, tag));\n");
-      printer->Outdent();
-      printer->Print("}\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+        (*vars)["AsyncRawArgs"] = async_prefix.raw_args;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "std::unique_ptr< "
+            "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriterInterface< $Request$, $Response$>> "
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) {\n");
+        printer->Indent();
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "return std::unique_ptr< "
+            "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriterInterface< $Request$, $Response$>>("
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(context, cq$AsyncRawArgs$));\n");
+        printer->Outdent();
+        printer->Print("}\n");
+      }
     }
   } else {
     if (method->NoStreaming()) {
-      printer->Print(
-          *vars,
-          "virtual ::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReaderInterface< $Response$>* "
-          "Async$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
-          "const $Request$& request, "
-          "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq) = 0;\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "virtual ::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReaderInterface< $Response$>* "
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
+            "const $Request$& request, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq) = 0;\n");
+      }
     } else if (ClientOnlyStreaming(method)) {
       printer->Print(
           *vars,
           "virtual ::grpc::ClientWriterInterface< $Request$>*"
           " $Method$Raw("
           "::grpc::ClientContext* context, $Response$* response) = 0;\n");
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "virtual ::grpc::ClientAsyncWriterInterface< $Request$>*"
-                     " Async$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
-                     "$Response$* response, "
-                     "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) = 0;\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "virtual ::grpc::ClientAsyncWriterInterface< $Request$>*"
+            " $AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
+            "$Response$* response, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) = 0;\n");
+      }
     } else if (ServerOnlyStreaming(method)) {
       printer->Print(
           *vars,
           "virtual ::grpc::ClientReaderInterface< $Response$>* $Method$Raw("
           "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request) = 0;\n");
-      printer->Print(
-          *vars,
-          "virtual ::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderInterface< $Response$>* "
-          "Async$Method$Raw("
-          "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
-          "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) = 0;\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "virtual ::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderInterface< $Response$>* "
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw("
+            "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) = 0;\n");
+      }
     } else if (method->BidiStreaming()) {
       printer->Print(*vars,
                      "virtual ::grpc::ClientReaderWriterInterface< $Request$, "
                      "$Response$>* "
                      "$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context) = 0;\n");
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "virtual ::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriterInterface< "
-                     "$Request$, $Response$>* "
-                     "Async$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
-                     "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) = 0;\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "virtual ::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriterInterface< "
+            "$Request$, $Response$>* "
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) = 0;\n");
+      }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -315,25 +362,35 @@ void PrintHeaderClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
   (*vars)["Method"] = method->name();
   (*vars)["Request"] = method->input_type_name();
   (*vars)["Response"] = method->output_type_name();
+  struct {
+    grpc::string prefix;
+    grpc::string method_params;  // extra arguments to method
+    grpc::string raw_args;       // extra arguments to raw version of method
+  } async_prefixes[] = {{"Async", ", void* tag", ", tag"},
+                        {"PrepareAsync", "", ""}};
+
   if (is_public) {
     if (method->NoStreaming()) {
       printer->Print(
           *vars,
           "::grpc::Status $Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
           "const $Request$& request, $Response$* response) override;\n");
-      printer->Print(
-          *vars,
-          "std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader< $Response$>> "
-          "Async$Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
-          "const $Request$& request, "
-          "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq) {\n");
-      printer->Indent();
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "return std::unique_ptr< "
-                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader< $Response$>>("
-                     "Async$Method$Raw(context, request, cq));\n");
-      printer->Outdent();
-      printer->Print("}\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader< $Response$>> "
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
+            "const $Request$& request, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq) {\n");
+        printer->Indent();
+        printer->Print(*vars,
+                       "return std::unique_ptr< "
+                       "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader< $Response$>>("
+                       "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(context, request, cq));\n");
+        printer->Outdent();
+        printer->Print("}\n");
+      }
     } else if (ClientOnlyStreaming(method)) {
       printer->Print(
           *vars,
@@ -346,18 +403,24 @@ void PrintHeaderClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
                      "($Method$Raw(context, response));\n");
       printer->Outdent();
       printer->Print("}\n");
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncWriter< $Request$>>"
-                     " Async$Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
-                     "$Response$* response, "
-                     "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) {\n");
-      printer->Indent();
-      printer->Print(
-          *vars,
-          "return std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncWriter< $Request$>>("
-          "Async$Method$Raw(context, response, cq, tag));\n");
-      printer->Outdent();
-      printer->Print("}\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+        (*vars)["AsyncRawArgs"] = async_prefix.raw_args;
+        printer->Print(*vars,
+                       "std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncWriter< $Request$>>"
+                       " $AsyncPrefix$$Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
+                       "$Response$* response, "
+                       "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) {\n");
+        printer->Indent();
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "return std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncWriter< $Request$>>("
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(context, response, "
+            "cq$AsyncRawArgs$));\n");
+        printer->Outdent();
+        printer->Print("}\n");
+      }
     } else if (ServerOnlyStreaming(method)) {
       printer->Print(
           *vars,
@@ -371,19 +434,24 @@ void PrintHeaderClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
           "($Method$Raw(context, request));\n");
       printer->Outdent();
       printer->Print("}\n");
-      printer->Print(
-          *vars,
-          "std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncReader< $Response$>> "
-          "Async$Method$("
-          "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
-          "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) {\n");
-      printer->Indent();
-      printer->Print(
-          *vars,
-          "return std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncReader< $Response$>>("
-          "Async$Method$Raw(context, request, cq, tag));\n");
-      printer->Outdent();
-      printer->Print("}\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+        (*vars)["AsyncRawArgs"] = async_prefix.raw_args;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncReader< $Response$>> "
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$("
+            "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) {\n");
+        printer->Indent();
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "return std::unique_ptr< ::grpc::ClientAsyncReader< $Response$>>("
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(context, request, cq$AsyncRawArgs$));\n");
+        printer->Outdent();
+        printer->Print("}\n");
+      }
     } else if (method->BidiStreaming()) {
       printer->Print(
           *vars,
@@ -396,53 +464,80 @@ void PrintHeaderClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
                      "$Method$Raw(context));\n");
       printer->Outdent();
       printer->Print("}\n");
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "std::unique_ptr<  ::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< "
-                     "$Request$, $Response$>> "
-                     "Async$Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
-                     "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) {\n");
-      printer->Indent();
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "return std::unique_ptr< "
-                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< $Request$, $Response$>>("
-                     "Async$Method$Raw(context, cq, tag));\n");
-      printer->Outdent();
-      printer->Print("}\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+        (*vars)["AsyncRawArgs"] = async_prefix.raw_args;
+        printer->Print(*vars,
+                       "std::unique_ptr<  ::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< "
+                       "$Request$, $Response$>> "
+                       "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
+                       "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) {\n");
+        printer->Indent();
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "return std::unique_ptr< "
+            "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< $Request$, $Response$>>("
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(context, cq$AsyncRawArgs$));\n");
+        printer->Outdent();
+        printer->Print("}\n");
+      }
     }
   } else {
     if (method->NoStreaming()) {
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader< $Response$>* "
-                     "Async$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
-                     "const $Request$& request, "
-                     "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq) override;\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader< $Response$>* "
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
+            "const $Request$& request, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq) override;\n");
+      }
     } else if (ClientOnlyStreaming(method)) {
       printer->Print(*vars,
                      "::grpc::ClientWriter< $Request$>* $Method$Raw("
                      "::grpc::ClientContext* context, $Response$* response) "
                      "override;\n");
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncWriter< $Request$>* Async$Method$Raw("
-                     "::grpc::ClientContext* context, $Response$* response, "
-                     "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) override;\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+        (*vars)["AsyncRawArgs"] = async_prefix.raw_args;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "::grpc::ClientAsyncWriter< $Request$>* $AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw("
+            "::grpc::ClientContext* context, $Response$* response, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) override;\n");
+      }
     } else if (ServerOnlyStreaming(method)) {
       printer->Print(*vars,
                      "::grpc::ClientReader< $Response$>* $Method$Raw("
                      "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request)"
                      " override;\n");
-      printer->Print(
-          *vars,
-          "::grpc::ClientAsyncReader< $Response$>* Async$Method$Raw("
-          "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
-          "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) override;\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+        (*vars)["AsyncRawArgs"] = async_prefix.raw_args;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "::grpc::ClientAsyncReader< $Response$>* $AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw("
+            "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) override;\n");
+      }
     } else if (method->BidiStreaming()) {
       printer->Print(*vars,
                      "::grpc::ClientReaderWriter< $Request$, $Response$>* "
                      "$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context) override;\n");
-      printer->Print(*vars,
-                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< $Request$, $Response$>* "
-                     "Async$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
-                     "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) override;\n");
+      for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+        (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+        (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+        (*vars)["AsyncRawArgs"] = async_prefix.raw_args;
+        printer->Print(
+            *vars,
+            "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< $Request$, $Response$>* "
+            "$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
+            "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) override;\n");
+      }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -1077,6 +1172,13 @@ void PrintSourceClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
   (*vars)["Method"] = method->name();
   (*vars)["Request"] = method->input_type_name();
   (*vars)["Response"] = method->output_type_name();
+  struct {
+    grpc::string prefix;
+    grpc::string start;          // bool literal expressed as string
+    grpc::string method_params;  // extra arguments to method
+    grpc::string create_args;    // extra arguments to creator
+  } async_prefixes[] = {{"Async", "true", ", void* tag", ", tag"},
+                        {"PrepareAsync", "false", "", ", nullptr"}};
   if (method->NoStreaming()) {
     printer->Print(*vars,
                    "::grpc::Status $ns$$Service$::Stub::$Method$("
@@ -1087,19 +1189,23 @@ void PrintSourceClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
                    "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
                    "context, request, response);\n"
                    "}\n\n");
-    printer->Print(
-        *vars,
-        "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader< $Response$>* "
-        "$ns$$Service$::Stub::Async$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
-        "const $Request$& request, "
-        "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq) {\n");
-    printer->Print(*vars,
-                   "  return "
-                   "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader< $Response$>::Create("
-                   "channel_.get(), cq, "
-                   "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
-                   "context, request);\n"
-                   "}\n\n");
+    for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+      (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+      (*vars)["AsyncStart"] = async_prefix.start;
+      printer->Print(*vars,
+                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader< $Response$>* "
+                     "$ns$$Service$::Stub::$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(::grpc::"
+                     "ClientContext* context, "
+                     "const $Request$& request, "
+                     "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq) {\n");
+      printer->Print(*vars,
+                     "  return "
+                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReader< $Response$>::Create("
+                     "channel_.get(), cq, "
+                     "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
+                     "context, request, $AsyncStart$);\n"
+                     "}\n\n");
+    }
   } else if (ClientOnlyStreaming(method)) {
     printer->Print(*vars,
                    "::grpc::ClientWriter< $Request$>* "
@@ -1111,17 +1217,23 @@ void PrintSourceClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
                    "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
                    "context, response);\n"
                    "}\n\n");
-    printer->Print(*vars,
-                   "::grpc::ClientAsyncWriter< $Request$>* "
-                   "$ns$$Service$::Stub::Async$Method$Raw("
-                   "::grpc::ClientContext* context, $Response$* response, "
-                   "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) {\n");
-    printer->Print(*vars,
-                   "  return ::grpc::ClientAsyncWriter< $Request$>::Create("
-                   "channel_.get(), cq, "
-                   "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
-                   "context, response, tag);\n"
-                   "}\n\n");
+    for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+      (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+      (*vars)["AsyncStart"] = async_prefix.start;
+      (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+      (*vars)["AsyncCreateArgs"] = async_prefix.create_args;
+      printer->Print(*vars,
+                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncWriter< $Request$>* "
+                     "$ns$$Service$::Stub::$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw("
+                     "::grpc::ClientContext* context, $Response$* response, "
+                     "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) {\n");
+      printer->Print(*vars,
+                     "  return ::grpc::ClientAsyncWriter< $Request$>::Create("
+                     "channel_.get(), cq, "
+                     "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
+                     "context, response, $AsyncStart$$AsyncCreateArgs$);\n"
+                     "}\n\n");
+    }
   } else if (ServerOnlyStreaming(method)) {
     printer->Print(
         *vars,
@@ -1134,17 +1246,24 @@ void PrintSourceClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
                    "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
                    "context, request);\n"
                    "}\n\n");
-    printer->Print(*vars,
-                   "::grpc::ClientAsyncReader< $Response$>* "
-                   "$ns$$Service$::Stub::Async$Method$Raw("
-                   "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
-                   "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) {\n");
-    printer->Print(*vars,
-                   "  return ::grpc::ClientAsyncReader< $Response$>::Create("
-                   "channel_.get(), cq, "
-                   "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
-                   "context, request, tag);\n"
-                   "}\n\n");
+    for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+      (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+      (*vars)["AsyncStart"] = async_prefix.start;
+      (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+      (*vars)["AsyncCreateArgs"] = async_prefix.create_args;
+      printer->Print(
+          *vars,
+          "::grpc::ClientAsyncReader< $Response$>* "
+          "$ns$$Service$::Stub::$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw("
+          "::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
+          "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) {\n");
+      printer->Print(*vars,
+                     "  return ::grpc::ClientAsyncReader< $Response$>::Create("
+                     "channel_.get(), cq, "
+                     "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
+                     "context, request, $AsyncStart$$AsyncCreateArgs$);\n"
+                     "}\n\n");
+    }
   } else if (method->BidiStreaming()) {
     printer->Print(
         *vars,
@@ -1157,19 +1276,25 @@ void PrintSourceClientMethod(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
                    "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
                    "context);\n"
                    "}\n\n");
-    printer->Print(
-        *vars,
-        "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< $Request$, $Response$>* "
-        "$ns$$Service$::Stub::Async$Method$Raw(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
-        "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag) {\n");
-    printer->Print(
-        *vars,
-        "  return "
-        "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< $Request$, $Response$>::Create("
-        "channel_.get(), cq, "
-        "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
-        "context, tag);\n"
-        "}\n\n");
+    for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+      (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+      (*vars)["AsyncStart"] = async_prefix.start;
+      (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+      (*vars)["AsyncCreateArgs"] = async_prefix.create_args;
+      printer->Print(*vars,
+                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< $Request$, $Response$>* "
+                     "$ns$$Service$::Stub::$AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw(::grpc::"
+                     "ClientContext* context, "
+                     "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$) {\n");
+      printer->Print(
+          *vars,
+          "  return "
+          "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriter< $Request$, $Response$>::Create("
+          "channel_.get(), cq, "
+          "rpcmethod_$Method$_, "
+          "context, $AsyncStart$$AsyncCreateArgs$);\n"
+          "}\n\n");
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -1460,50 +1585,79 @@ void PrintMockClientMethods(grpc_generator::Printer *printer,
   (*vars)["Request"] = method->input_type_name();
   (*vars)["Response"] = method->output_type_name();
 
+  struct {
+    grpc::string prefix;
+    grpc::string method_params;  // extra arguments to method
+    int extra_method_param_count;
+  } async_prefixes[] = {{"Async", ", void* tag", 1}, {"PrepareAsync", "", 0}};
+
   if (method->NoStreaming()) {
     printer->Print(
         *vars,
         "MOCK_METHOD3($Method$, ::grpc::Status(::grpc::ClientContext* context, "
         "const $Request$& request, $Response$* response));\n");
-    printer->Print(*vars,
-                   "MOCK_METHOD3(Async$Method$Raw, "
-                   "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReaderInterface< $Response$>*"
-                   "(::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
-                   "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq));\n");
+    for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+      (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+      printer->Print(
+          *vars,
+          "MOCK_METHOD3($AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw, "
+          "::grpc::ClientAsyncResponseReaderInterface< $Response$>*"
+          "(::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
+          "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq));\n");
+    }
   } else if (ClientOnlyStreaming(method)) {
     printer->Print(
         *vars,
         "MOCK_METHOD2($Method$Raw, "
         "::grpc::ClientWriterInterface< $Request$>*"
         "(::grpc::ClientContext* context, $Response$* response));\n");
-    printer->Print(*vars,
-                   "MOCK_METHOD4(Async$Method$Raw, "
-                   "::grpc::ClientAsyncWriterInterface< $Request$>*"
-                   "(::grpc::ClientContext* context, $Response$* response, "
-                   "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag));\n");
+    for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+      (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+      (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+      (*vars)["MockArgs"] =
+          std::to_string(3 + async_prefix.extra_method_param_count);
+      printer->Print(*vars,
+                     "MOCK_METHOD$MockArgs$($AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw, "
+                     "::grpc::ClientAsyncWriterInterface< $Request$>*"
+                     "(::grpc::ClientContext* context, $Response$* response, "
+                     "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$));\n");
+    }
   } else if (ServerOnlyStreaming(method)) {
     printer->Print(
         *vars,
         "MOCK_METHOD2($Method$Raw, "
         "::grpc::ClientReaderInterface< $Response$>*"
         "(::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request));\n");
-    printer->Print(*vars,
-                   "MOCK_METHOD4(Async$Method$Raw, "
-                   "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderInterface< $Response$>*"
-                   "(::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
-                   "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, void* tag));\n");
+    for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+      (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+      (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+      (*vars)["MockArgs"] =
+          std::to_string(3 + async_prefix.extra_method_param_count);
+      printer->Print(
+          *vars,
+          "MOCK_METHOD$MockArgs$($AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw, "
+          "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderInterface< $Response$>*"
+          "(::grpc::ClientContext* context, const $Request$& request, "
+          "::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq$AsyncMethodParams$));\n");
+    }
   } else if (method->BidiStreaming()) {
     printer->Print(
         *vars,
         "MOCK_METHOD1($Method$Raw, "
         "::grpc::ClientReaderWriterInterface< $Request$, $Response$>*"
         "(::grpc::ClientContext* context));\n");
-    printer->Print(
-        *vars,
-        "MOCK_METHOD3(Async$Method$Raw, "
-        "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriterInterface<$Request$, $Response$>*"
-        "(::grpc::ClientContext* context, ::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq, "
-        "void* tag));\n");
+    for (auto async_prefix : async_prefixes) {
+      (*vars)["AsyncPrefix"] = async_prefix.prefix;
+      (*vars)["AsyncMethodParams"] = async_prefix.method_params;
+      (*vars)["MockArgs"] =
+          std::to_string(2 + async_prefix.extra_method_param_count);
+      printer->Print(
+          *vars,
+          "MOCK_METHOD$MockArgs$($AsyncPrefix$$Method$Raw, "
+          "::grpc::ClientAsyncReaderWriterInterface<$Request$, $Response$>*"
+          "(::grpc::ClientContext* context, ::grpc::CompletionQueue* cq"
+          "$AsyncMethodParams$));\n");
+    }
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/compiler/python_generator.cc b/src/compiler/python_generator.cc
index 31b177c28e..ef2d90de9e 100644
--- a/src/compiler/python_generator.cc
+++ b/src/compiler/python_generator.cc
@@ -767,9 +767,9 @@ bool PythonGrpcGenerator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
 
   ProtoBufFile pbfile(file);
   PrivateGenerator generator(config_, &pbfile);
-  if (parameter == "grpc_2_0") {
+  if (parameter == "" || parameter == "grpc_2_0") {
     return GenerateGrpc(context, generator, pb2_grpc_file_name, true);
-  } else if (parameter == "") {
+  } else if (parameter == "grpc_1_0") {
     return GenerateGrpc(context, generator, pb2_grpc_file_name, true) &&
            GenerateGrpc(context, generator, pb2_file_name, false);
   } else {
diff --git a/src/core/ext/census/base_resources.c b/src/core/ext/census/base_resources.c
index 2114bf04cd..1f2bb39fe0 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/census/base_resources.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/census/base_resources.c
@@ -37,20 +37,20 @@
 void define_base_resources() {
   google_census_Resource_BasicUnit numerator =
       google_census_Resource_BasicUnit_SECS;
-  resource r = {"client_rpc_latency",             // name
-                "Client RPC latency in seconds",  // description
-                0,                                // prefix
-                1,                                // n_numerators
-                &numerator,                       // numerators
-                0,                                // n_denominators
-                NULL};                            // denominators
+  resource r = {(char *)"client_rpc_latency",             // name
+                (char *)"Client RPC latency in seconds",  // description
+                0,                                        // prefix
+                1,                                        // n_numerators
+                &numerator,                               // numerators
+                0,                                        // n_denominators
+                NULL};                                    // denominators
   define_resource(&r);
-  r = (resource){"server_rpc_latency",             // name
-                 "Server RPC latency in seconds",  // description
-                 0,                                // prefix
-                 1,                                // n_numerators
-                 &numerator,                       // numerators
-                 0,                                // n_denominators
-                 NULL};                            // denominators
+  r = (resource){(char *)"server_rpc_latency",             // name
+                 (char *)"Server RPC latency in seconds",  // description
+                 0,                                        // prefix
+                 1,                                        // n_numerators
+                 &numerator,                               // numerators
+                 0,                                        // n_denominators
+                 NULL};                                    // denominators
   define_resource(&r);
 }
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel.c
index 129d0f368b..016199b1f4 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel.c
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ static void on_resolver_result_changed_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   }
   // Extract the following fields from the resolver result, if non-NULL.
   bool lb_policy_updated = false;
-  char *lb_policy_name = NULL;
+  char *lb_policy_name_dup = NULL;
   bool lb_policy_name_changed = false;
   grpc_lb_policy *new_lb_policy = NULL;
   char *service_config_json = NULL;
@@ -383,6 +383,7 @@ static void on_resolver_result_changed_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   grpc_slice_hash_table *method_params_table = NULL;
   if (chand->resolver_result != NULL) {
     // Find LB policy name.
+    const char *lb_policy_name = NULL;
     const grpc_arg *channel_arg =
         grpc_channel_args_find(chand->resolver_result, GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME);
     if (channel_arg != NULL) {
@@ -473,7 +474,7 @@ static void on_resolver_result_changed_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     // Before we clean up, save a copy of lb_policy_name, since it might
     // be pointing to data inside chand->resolver_result.
     // The copy will be saved in chand->lb_policy_name below.
-    lb_policy_name = gpr_strdup(lb_policy_name);
+    lb_policy_name_dup = gpr_strdup(lb_policy_name);
     grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx, chand->resolver_result);
     chand->resolver_result = NULL;
   }
@@ -481,8 +482,8 @@ static void on_resolver_result_changed_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
             "chand=%p: resolver result: lb_policy_name=\"%s\"%s, "
             "service_config=\"%s\"",
-            chand, lb_policy_name, lb_policy_name_changed ? " (changed)" : "",
-            service_config_json);
+            chand, lb_policy_name_dup,
+            lb_policy_name_changed ? " (changed)" : "", service_config_json);
   }
   // Now swap out fields in chand.  Note that the new values may still
   // be NULL if (e.g.) the resolver failed to return results or the
@@ -490,9 +491,9 @@ static void on_resolver_result_changed_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   //
   // First, swap out the data used by cc_get_channel_info().
   gpr_mu_lock(&chand->info_mu);
-  if (lb_policy_name != NULL) {
+  if (lb_policy_name_dup != NULL) {
     gpr_free(chand->info_lb_policy_name);
-    chand->info_lb_policy_name = lb_policy_name;
+    chand->info_lb_policy_name = lb_policy_name_dup;
   }
   if (service_config_json != NULL) {
     gpr_free(chand->info_service_config_json);
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel_factory.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel_factory.c
index e8aa4cda29..57eac8f875 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel_factory.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel_factory.c
@@ -63,6 +63,6 @@ static const grpc_arg_pointer_vtable factory_arg_vtable = {
 
 grpc_arg grpc_client_channel_factory_create_channel_arg(
     grpc_client_channel_factory* factory) {
-  return grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create(GRPC_ARG_CLIENT_CHANNEL_FACTORY,
+  return grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create((char*)GRPC_ARG_CLIENT_CHANNEL_FACTORY,
                                          factory, &factory_arg_vtable);
 }
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel_plugin.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel_plugin.c
index c32e83d012..1f71c5a7f9 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel_plugin.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/client_channel_plugin.c
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ static bool set_default_host_if_unset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   char *default_authority = grpc_get_default_authority(
       exec_ctx, grpc_channel_stack_builder_get_target(builder));
   if (default_authority != NULL) {
-    grpc_arg arg = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY,
-                                                  default_authority);
+    grpc_arg arg = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
+        (char *)GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY, default_authority);
     grpc_channel_args *new_args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args, &arg, 1);
     grpc_channel_stack_builder_set_channel_arguments(exec_ctx, builder,
                                                      new_args);
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/http_proxy.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/http_proxy.c
index ef3512ed83..c507a2750e 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/http_proxy.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/http_proxy.c
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ static char* get_http_proxy_server(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx, char** user_cred) {
   GPR_ASSERT(user_cred != NULL);
   char* proxy_name = NULL;
   char* uri_str = gpr_getenv("http_proxy");
+  char** authority_strs = NULL;
+  size_t authority_nstrs;
   if (uri_str == NULL) return NULL;
   grpc_uri* uri =
       grpc_uri_parse(exec_ctx, uri_str, false /* suppress_errors */);
@@ -56,8 +58,6 @@ static char* get_http_proxy_server(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx, char** user_cred) {
     goto done;
   }
   /* Split on '@' to separate user credentials from host */
-  char** authority_strs = NULL;
-  size_t authority_nstrs;
   gpr_string_split(uri->authority, "@", &authority_strs, &authority_nstrs);
   GPR_ASSERT(authority_nstrs != 0); /* should have at least 1 string */
   if (authority_nstrs == 1) {
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ static bool proxy_mapper_map_name(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,
   }
   grpc_arg args_to_add[2];
   args_to_add[0] = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
-      GRPC_ARG_HTTP_CONNECT_SERVER,
+      (char*)GRPC_ARG_HTTP_CONNECT_SERVER,
       uri->path[0] == '/' ? uri->path + 1 : uri->path);
   if (user_cred != NULL) {
     /* Use base64 encoding for user credentials as stated in RFC 7617 */
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@ static bool proxy_mapper_map_name(grpc_exec_ctx* exec_ctx,
     char* header;
     gpr_asprintf(&header, "Proxy-Authorization:Basic %s", encoded_user_cred);
     gpr_free(encoded_user_cred);
-    args_to_add[1] =
-        grpc_channel_arg_string_create(GRPC_ARG_HTTP_CONNECT_HEADERS, header);
+    args_to_add[1] = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
+        (char*)GRPC_ARG_HTTP_CONNECT_HEADERS, header);
     *new_args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args, args_to_add, 2);
     gpr_free(header);
   } else {
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb.c
index d3a51c6e6f..85ef7894ea 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/grpclb/grpclb.c
@@ -123,7 +123,6 @@
 #define GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER 1.6
 #define GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS 120
 #define GRPC_GRPCLB_RECONNECT_JITTER 0.2
-#define GRPC_GRPCLB_DEFAULT_FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS 10000
 
 grpc_tracer_flag grpc_lb_glb_trace = GRPC_TRACER_INITIALIZER(false, "glb");
 
@@ -300,10 +299,6 @@ typedef struct glb_lb_policy {
   /** timeout in milliseconds for the LB call. 0 means no deadline. */
   int lb_call_timeout_ms;
 
-  /** timeout in milliseconds for before using fallback backend addresses.
-   * 0 means not using fallback. */
-  int lb_fallback_timeout_ms;
-
   /** for communicating with the LB server */
   grpc_channel *lb_channel;
 
@@ -330,9 +325,6 @@ typedef struct glb_lb_policy {
    * Otherwise, we delegate to the RR policy. */
   size_t serverlist_index;
 
-  /** stores the backend addresses from the resolver */
-  grpc_lb_addresses *fallback_backend_addresses;
-
   /** list of picks that are waiting on RR's policy connectivity */
   pending_pick *pending_picks;
 
@@ -353,9 +345,6 @@ typedef struct glb_lb_policy {
   /** is \a lb_call_retry_timer active? */
   bool retry_timer_active;
 
-  /** is \a lb_fallback_timer active? */
-  bool fallback_timer_active;
-
   /** called upon changes to the LB channel's connectivity. */
   grpc_closure lb_channel_on_connectivity_changed;
 
@@ -378,9 +367,6 @@ typedef struct glb_lb_policy {
   /* LB call retry timer callback. */
   grpc_closure lb_on_call_retry;
 
-  /* LB fallback timer callback. */
-  grpc_closure lb_on_fallback;
-
   grpc_call *lb_call; /* streaming call to the LB server, */
 
   grpc_metadata_array lb_initial_metadata_recv; /* initial MD from LB server */
@@ -404,9 +390,6 @@ typedef struct glb_lb_policy {
   /** LB call retry timer */
   grpc_timer lb_call_retry_timer;
 
-  /** LB fallback timer */
-  grpc_timer lb_fallback_timer;
-
   bool initial_request_sent;
   bool seen_initial_response;
 
@@ -553,32 +536,6 @@ static grpc_lb_addresses *process_serverlist_locked(
   return lb_addresses;
 }
 
-/* Returns the backend addresses extracted from the given addresses */
-static grpc_lb_addresses *extract_backend_addresses_locked(
-    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, const grpc_lb_addresses *addresses) {
-  /* first pass: count the number of backend addresses */
-  size_t num_backends = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < addresses->num_addresses; ++i) {
-    if (!addresses->addresses[i].is_balancer) {
-      ++num_backends;
-    }
-  }
-  /* second pass: actually populate the addresses and (empty) LB tokens */
-  grpc_lb_addresses *backend_addresses =
-      grpc_lb_addresses_create(num_backends, &lb_token_vtable);
-  size_t num_copied = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < addresses->num_addresses; ++i) {
-    if (addresses->addresses[i].is_balancer) continue;
-    const grpc_resolved_address *addr = &addresses->addresses[i].address;
-    grpc_lb_addresses_set_address(backend_addresses, num_copied, &addr->addr,
-                                  addr->len, false /* is_balancer */,
-                                  NULL /* balancer_name */,
-                                  (void *)GRPC_MDELEM_LB_TOKEN_EMPTY.payload);
-    ++num_copied;
-  }
-  return backend_addresses;
-}
-
 static void update_lb_connectivity_status_locked(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, glb_lb_policy *glb_policy,
     grpc_connectivity_state rr_state, grpc_error *rr_state_error) {
@@ -646,38 +603,35 @@ static bool pick_from_internal_rr_locked(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, glb_lb_policy *glb_policy,
     const grpc_lb_policy_pick_args *pick_args, bool force_async,
     grpc_connected_subchannel **target, wrapped_rr_closure_arg *wc_arg) {
-  // Check for drops if we are not using fallback backend addresses.
-  if (glb_policy->serverlist != NULL) {
-    // Look at the index into the serverlist to see if we should drop this call.
-    grpc_grpclb_server *server =
-        glb_policy->serverlist->servers[glb_policy->serverlist_index++];
-    if (glb_policy->serverlist_index == glb_policy->serverlist->num_servers) {
-      glb_policy->serverlist_index = 0;  // Wrap-around.
+  // Look at the index into the serverlist to see if we should drop this call.
+  grpc_grpclb_server *server =
+      glb_policy->serverlist->servers[glb_policy->serverlist_index++];
+  if (glb_policy->serverlist_index == glb_policy->serverlist->num_servers) {
+    glb_policy->serverlist_index = 0;  // Wrap-around.
+  }
+  if (server->drop) {
+    // Not using the RR policy, so unref it.
+    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Unreffing RR for drop (0x%" PRIxPTR ")",
+              (intptr_t)wc_arg->rr_policy);
     }
-    if (server->drop) {
-      // Not using the RR policy, so unref it.
-      if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
-        gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Unreffing RR for drop (0x%" PRIxPTR ")",
-                (intptr_t)wc_arg->rr_policy);
-      }
-      GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, wc_arg->rr_policy, "glb_pick_sync");
-      // Update client load reporting stats to indicate the number of
-      // dropped calls.  Note that we have to do this here instead of in
-      // the client_load_reporting filter, because we do not create a
-      // subchannel call (and therefore no client_load_reporting filter)
-      // for dropped calls.
-      grpc_grpclb_client_stats_add_call_dropped_locked(
-          server->load_balance_token, wc_arg->client_stats);
-      grpc_grpclb_client_stats_unref(wc_arg->client_stats);
-      if (force_async) {
-        GPR_ASSERT(wc_arg->wrapped_closure != NULL);
-        GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, wc_arg->wrapped_closure, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
-        gpr_free(wc_arg->free_when_done);
-        return false;
-      }
+    GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, wc_arg->rr_policy, "glb_pick_sync");
+    // Update client load reporting stats to indicate the number of
+    // dropped calls.  Note that we have to do this here instead of in
+    // the client_load_reporting filter, because we do not create a
+    // subchannel call (and therefore no client_load_reporting filter)
+    // for dropped calls.
+    grpc_grpclb_client_stats_add_call_dropped_locked(server->load_balance_token,
+                                                     wc_arg->client_stats);
+    grpc_grpclb_client_stats_unref(wc_arg->client_stats);
+    if (force_async) {
+      GPR_ASSERT(wc_arg->wrapped_closure != NULL);
+      GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, wc_arg->wrapped_closure, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
       gpr_free(wc_arg->free_when_done);
-      return true;
+      return false;
     }
+    gpr_free(wc_arg->free_when_done);
+    return true;
   }
   // Pick via the RR policy.
   const bool pick_done = grpc_lb_policy_pick_locked(
@@ -715,18 +669,8 @@ static bool pick_from_internal_rr_locked(
 
 static grpc_lb_policy_args *lb_policy_args_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                   glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) {
-  grpc_lb_addresses *addresses;
-  if (glb_policy->serverlist != NULL) {
-    GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->serverlist->num_servers > 0);
-    addresses = process_serverlist_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy->serverlist);
-  } else {
-    // If rr_handover_locked() is invoked when we haven't received any
-    // serverlist from the balancer, we use the fallback backends returned by
-    // the resolver. Note that the fallback backend list may be empty, in which
-    // case the new round_robin policy will keep the requested picks pending.
-    GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses != NULL);
-    addresses = grpc_lb_addresses_copy(glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses);
-  }
+  grpc_lb_addresses *addresses =
+      process_serverlist_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy->serverlist);
   GPR_ASSERT(addresses != NULL);
   grpc_lb_policy_args *args = (grpc_lb_policy_args *)gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*args));
   args->client_channel_factory = glb_policy->cc_factory;
@@ -832,6 +776,8 @@ static void create_rr_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, glb_lb_policy *glb_policy,
 /* glb_policy->rr_policy may be NULL (initial handover) */
 static void rr_handover_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->serverlist != NULL &&
+             glb_policy->serverlist->num_servers > 0);
   if (glb_policy->shutting_down) return;
   grpc_lb_policy_args *args = lb_policy_args_create(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
   GPR_ASSERT(args != NULL);
@@ -980,9 +926,6 @@ static void glb_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) {
   if (glb_policy->serverlist != NULL) {
     grpc_grpclb_destroy_serverlist(glb_policy->serverlist);
   }
-  if (glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses != NULL) {
-    grpc_lb_addresses_destroy(exec_ctx, glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses);
-  }
   grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator_unref(glb_policy->response_generator);
   grpc_subchannel_index_unref();
   if (glb_policy->pending_update_args != NULL) {
@@ -1124,28 +1067,10 @@ static void glb_cancel_picks_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
-static void lb_on_fallback_timer_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
-                                        grpc_error *error);
 static void query_for_backends_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                       glb_lb_policy *glb_policy);
 static void start_picking_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) {
-  /* start a timer to fall back */
-  if (glb_policy->lb_fallback_timeout_ms > 0 &&
-      glb_policy->serverlist == NULL) {
-    gpr_timespec now = gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
-    gpr_timespec deadline = gpr_time_add(
-        now,
-        gpr_time_from_millis(glb_policy->lb_fallback_timeout_ms, GPR_TIMESPAN));
-    GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_REF(&glb_policy->base, "grpclb_fallback_timer");
-    GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->lb_on_fallback, lb_on_fallback_timer_locked,
-                      glb_policy,
-                      grpc_combiner_scheduler(glb_policy->base.combiner));
-    glb_policy->fallback_timer_active = true;
-    grpc_timer_init(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->lb_fallback_timer, deadline,
-                    &glb_policy->lb_on_fallback, now);
-  }
-
   glb_policy->started_picking = true;
   gpr_backoff_reset(&glb_policy->lb_call_backoff_state);
   query_for_backends_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
@@ -1600,15 +1525,6 @@ static void lb_on_response_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
             if (glb_policy->serverlist != NULL) {
               /* dispose of the old serverlist */
               grpc_grpclb_destroy_serverlist(glb_policy->serverlist);
-            } else {
-              /* or dispose of the fallback */
-              grpc_lb_addresses_destroy(exec_ctx,
-                                        glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses);
-              glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses = NULL;
-              if (glb_policy->fallback_timer_active) {
-                grpc_timer_cancel(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->lb_fallback_timer);
-                glb_policy->fallback_timer_active = false;
-              }
             }
             /* and update the copy in the glb_lb_policy instance. This
              * serverlist instance will be destroyed either upon the next
@@ -1619,7 +1535,9 @@ static void lb_on_response_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
           }
         } else {
           if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
-            gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Received empty server list, ignoring.");
+            gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
+                    "Received empty server list. Picks will stay pending until "
+                    "a response with > 0 servers is received");
           }
           grpc_grpclb_destroy_serverlist(serverlist);
         }
@@ -1642,6 +1560,9 @@ static void lb_on_response_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
           exec_ctx, glb_policy->lb_call, ops, (size_t)(op - ops),
           &glb_policy->lb_on_response_received); /* loop */
       GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error);
+    } else {
+      GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base,
+                                "lb_on_response_received_locked_shutdown");
     }
   } else { /* empty payload: call cancelled. */
            /* dispose of the "lb_on_response_received_locked" weak ref taken in
@@ -1666,26 +1587,6 @@ static void lb_call_on_retry_timer_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
   GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base, "grpclb_retry_timer");
 }
 
-static void lb_on_fallback_timer_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
-                                        grpc_error *error) {
-  glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)arg;
-  /* If we receive a serverlist after the timer fires but before this callback
-   * actually runs, don't do anything. */
-  if (glb_policy->serverlist != NULL) return;
-  glb_policy->fallback_timer_active = false;
-  if (!glb_policy->shutting_down && error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
-    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_INFO,
-              "Falling back to use backends from resolver (grpclb %p)",
-              (void *)glb_policy);
-    }
-    GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses != NULL);
-    rr_handover_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
-  }
-  GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base,
-                            "grpclb_fallback_timer");
-}
-
 static void lb_on_server_status_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                 void *arg, grpc_error *error) {
   glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)arg;
@@ -1806,17 +1707,6 @@ static void glb_update_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *policy,
         &glb_policy->lb_channel_connectivity,
         &glb_policy->lb_channel_on_connectivity_changed, NULL);
   }
-
-  // Propagate update to fallback_backend_addresses if a non-empty serverlist
-  // hasn't been received from the balancer.
-  if (glb_policy->serverlist == NULL) {
-    grpc_lb_addresses_destroy(exec_ctx, glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses);
-    glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses =
-        extract_backend_addresses_locked(exec_ctx, addresses);
-    if (glb_policy->rr_policy != NULL) {
-      rr_handover_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy);
-    }
-  }
 }
 
 // Invoked as part of the update process. It continues watching the LB channel
@@ -1899,7 +1789,13 @@ static const grpc_lb_policy_vtable glb_lb_policy_vtable = {
 static grpc_lb_policy *glb_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                   grpc_lb_policy_factory *factory,
                                   grpc_lb_policy_args *args) {
-  /* Count the number of gRPC-LB addresses. There must be at least one. */
+  /* Count the number of gRPC-LB addresses. There must be at least one.
+   * TODO(roth): For now, we ignore non-balancer addresses, but in the
+   * future, we may change the behavior such that we fall back to using
+   * the non-balancer addresses if we cannot reach any balancers. In the
+   * fallback case, we should use the LB policy indicated by
+   * GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME (although if that specifies grpclb or is
+   * unset, we should default to pick_first). */
   const grpc_arg *arg =
       grpc_channel_args_find(args->args, GRPC_ARG_LB_ADDRESSES);
   if (arg == NULL || arg->type != GRPC_ARG_POINTER) {
@@ -1935,24 +1831,14 @@ static grpc_lb_policy *glb_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   glb_policy->lb_call_timeout_ms =
       grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(arg, (grpc_integer_options){0, 0, INT_MAX});
 
-  arg = grpc_channel_args_find(args->args, GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS);
-  glb_policy->lb_fallback_timeout_ms = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-      arg, (grpc_integer_options){GRPC_GRPCLB_DEFAULT_FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, 0,
-                                  INT_MAX});
-
   // Make sure that GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME is set in channel args,
   // since we use this to trigger the client_load_reporting filter.
-  grpc_arg new_arg =
-      grpc_channel_arg_string_create(GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME, "grpclb");
+  grpc_arg new_arg = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
+      (char *)GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME, (char *)"grpclb");
   static const char *args_to_remove[] = {GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME};
   glb_policy->args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add_and_remove(
       args->args, args_to_remove, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(args_to_remove), &new_arg, 1);
 
-  /* Extract the backend addresses (may be empty) from the resolver for
-   * fallback. */
-  glb_policy->fallback_backend_addresses =
-      extract_backend_addresses_locked(exec_ctx, addresses);
-
   /* Create a client channel over them to communicate with a LB service */
   glb_policy->response_generator =
       grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator_create();
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/round_robin/round_robin.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/round_robin/round_robin.c
index 8ac1a46abd..a3a62e9f3c 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/round_robin/round_robin.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy/round_robin/round_robin.c
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ static void rr_connectivity_changed_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
   // Dispose of outdated subchannel lists.
   if (sd->subchannel_list != p->subchannel_list &&
       sd->subchannel_list != p->latest_pending_subchannel_list) {
-    char *reason = NULL;
+    const char *reason = NULL;
     if (sd->subchannel_list->shutting_down) {
       reason = "sl_outdated_straggler";
       rr_subchannel_list_unref(exec_ctx, sd->subchannel_list, reason);
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy_factory.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy_factory.c
index a9a00f5b2b..4d1405454c 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy_factory.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy_factory.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ grpc_lb_addresses* grpc_lb_addresses_copy(const grpc_lb_addresses* addresses) {
 }
 
 void grpc_lb_addresses_set_address(grpc_lb_addresses* addresses, size_t index,
-                                   const void* address, size_t address_len,
+                                   void* address, size_t address_len,
                                    bool is_balancer, const char* balancer_name,
                                    void* user_data) {
   GPR_ASSERT(index < addresses->num_addresses);
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ static const grpc_arg_pointer_vtable lb_addresses_arg_vtable = {
 grpc_arg grpc_lb_addresses_create_channel_arg(
     const grpc_lb_addresses* addresses) {
   return grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create(
-      GRPC_ARG_LB_ADDRESSES, (void*)addresses, &lb_addresses_arg_vtable);
+      (char*)GRPC_ARG_LB_ADDRESSES, (void*)addresses, &lb_addresses_arg_vtable);
 }
 
 grpc_lb_addresses* grpc_lb_addresses_find_channel_arg(
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy_factory.h b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy_factory.h
index cf0f8cb615..9d9fb143df 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy_factory.h
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/lb_policy_factory.h
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ grpc_lb_addresses *grpc_lb_addresses_copy(const grpc_lb_addresses *addresses);
  * \a address is a socket address of length \a address_len.
  * Takes ownership of \a balancer_name. */
 void grpc_lb_addresses_set_address(grpc_lb_addresses *addresses, size_t index,
-                                   const void *address, size_t address_len,
+                                   void *address, size_t address_len,
                                    bool is_balancer, const char *balancer_name,
                                    void *user_data);
 
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/dns_resolver_ares.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/dns_resolver_ares.c
index b87a3b7082..9bb229ad95 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/dns_resolver_ares.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/dns_resolver_ares.c
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ static char *choose_service_config(char *service_config_choice_json) {
         int random_pct = rand() % 100;
         int percentage;
         if (sscanf(field->value, "%d", &percentage) != 1 ||
-            random_pct > percentage) {
+            random_pct > percentage || percentage == 0) {
           service_config_json = NULL;
           break;
         }
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ static void dns_ares_on_resolved_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                 service_config_string);
         args_to_remove[num_args_to_remove++] = GRPC_ARG_SERVICE_CONFIG;
         new_args[num_args_to_add++] = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
-            GRPC_ARG_SERVICE_CONFIG, service_config_string);
+            (char *)GRPC_ARG_SERVICE_CONFIG, service_config_string);
         service_config = grpc_service_config_create(service_config_string);
         if (service_config != NULL) {
           const char *lb_policy_name =
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ static void dns_ares_on_resolved_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
           if (lb_policy_name != NULL) {
             args_to_remove[num_args_to_remove++] = GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME;
             new_args[num_args_to_add++] = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
-                GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME, (char *)lb_policy_name);
+                (char *)GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME, (char *)lb_policy_name);
           }
         }
       }
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/grpc_ares_wrapper.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/grpc_ares_wrapper.c
index 0ffb38518a..04379975e1 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/grpc_ares_wrapper.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/dns/c_ares/grpc_ares_wrapper.c
@@ -275,14 +275,15 @@ static void on_txt_done_cb(void *arg, int status, int timeouts,
   gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "on_txt_done_cb");
   char *error_msg;
   grpc_ares_request *r = (grpc_ares_request *)arg;
+  const size_t prefix_len = sizeof(g_service_config_attribute_prefix) - 1;
+  struct ares_txt_ext *result = NULL;
+  struct ares_txt_ext *reply = NULL;
+  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   gpr_mu_lock(&r->mu);
   if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) goto fail;
-  struct ares_txt_ext *reply = NULL;
   status = ares_parse_txt_reply_ext(buf, len, &reply);
   if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) goto fail;
   // Find service config in TXT record.
-  const size_t prefix_len = sizeof(g_service_config_attribute_prefix) - 1;
-  struct ares_txt_ext *result;
   for (result = reply; result != NULL; result = result->next) {
     if (result->record_start &&
         memcmp(result->txt, g_service_config_attribute_prefix, prefix_len) ==
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ static void on_txt_done_cb(void *arg, int status, int timeouts,
 fail:
   gpr_asprintf(&error_msg, "C-ares TXT lookup status is not ARES_SUCCESS: %s",
                ares_strerror(status));
-  grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_COPIED_STRING(error_msg);
+  error = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_COPIED_STRING(error_msg);
   gpr_free(error_msg);
   if (r->error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
     r->error = error;
@@ -331,6 +332,9 @@ static grpc_ares_request *grpc_dns_lookup_ares_impl(
     grpc_closure *on_done, grpc_lb_addresses **addrs, bool check_grpclb,
     char **service_config_json) {
   grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  grpc_ares_hostbyname_request *hr = NULL;
+  grpc_ares_request *r = NULL;
+  ares_channel *channel = NULL;
   /* TODO(zyc): Enable tracing after #9603 is checked in */
   /* if (grpc_dns_trace) {
       gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "resolve_address (blocking): name=%s, default_port=%s",
@@ -360,8 +364,7 @@ static grpc_ares_request *grpc_dns_lookup_ares_impl(
   error = grpc_ares_ev_driver_create(&ev_driver, interested_parties);
   if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) goto error_cleanup;
 
-  grpc_ares_request *r =
-      (grpc_ares_request *)gpr_zalloc(sizeof(grpc_ares_request));
+  r = (grpc_ares_request *)gpr_zalloc(sizeof(grpc_ares_request));
   gpr_mu_init(&r->mu);
   r->ev_driver = ev_driver;
   r->on_done = on_done;
@@ -369,7 +372,7 @@ static grpc_ares_request *grpc_dns_lookup_ares_impl(
   r->service_config_json_out = service_config_json;
   r->success = false;
   r->error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
-  ares_channel *channel = grpc_ares_ev_driver_get_channel(r->ev_driver);
+  channel = grpc_ares_ev_driver_get_channel(r->ev_driver);
 
   // If dns_server is specified, use it.
   if (dns_server != NULL) {
@@ -410,12 +413,12 @@ static grpc_ares_request *grpc_dns_lookup_ares_impl(
   }
   gpr_ref_init(&r->pending_queries, 1);
   if (grpc_ipv6_loopback_available()) {
-    grpc_ares_hostbyname_request *hr = create_hostbyname_request(
-        r, host, strhtons(port), false /* is_balancer */);
+    hr = create_hostbyname_request(r, host, strhtons(port),
+                                   false /* is_balancer */);
     ares_gethostbyname(*channel, hr->host, AF_INET6, on_hostbyname_done_cb, hr);
   }
-  grpc_ares_hostbyname_request *hr = create_hostbyname_request(
-      r, host, strhtons(port), false /* is_balancer */);
+  hr = create_hostbyname_request(r, host, strhtons(port),
+                                 false /* is_balancer */);
   ares_gethostbyname(*channel, hr->host, AF_INET, on_hostbyname_done_cb, hr);
   if (check_grpclb) {
     /* Query the SRV record */
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/fake/fake_resolver.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/fake/fake_resolver.c
index c4676e0299..69ea440ae6 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/fake/fake_resolver.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/resolver/fake/fake_resolver.c
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ grpc_arg grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator_arg(
     grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator* generator) {
   grpc_arg arg;
   arg.type = GRPC_ARG_POINTER;
-  arg.key = GRPC_ARG_FAKE_RESOLVER_RESPONSE_GENERATOR;
+  arg.key = (char*)GRPC_ARG_FAKE_RESOLVER_RESPONSE_GENERATOR;
   arg.value.pointer.p = generator;
   arg.value.pointer.vtable = &response_generator_arg_vtable;
   return arg;
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/subchannel.c b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/subchannel.c
index bc9c3cc782..40a51c72d6 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/subchannel.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/client_channel/subchannel.c
@@ -811,6 +811,6 @@ const char *grpc_get_subchannel_address_uri_arg(const grpc_channel_args *args) {
 
 grpc_arg grpc_create_subchannel_address_arg(const grpc_resolved_address *addr) {
   return grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
-      GRPC_ARG_SUBCHANNEL_ADDRESS,
+      (char *)GRPC_ARG_SUBCHANNEL_ADDRESS,
       addr->len > 0 ? grpc_sockaddr_to_uri(addr) : gpr_strdup(""));
 }
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/http/message_compress/message_compress_filter.c b/src/core/ext/filters/http/message_compress/message_compress_filter.c
index 0145dffab0..f785e1355d 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/http/message_compress/message_compress_filter.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/http/message_compress/message_compress_filter.c
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ static void finish_send_message(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                         &calld->slices, &tmp);
   if (did_compress) {
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_compression_trace)) {
-      char *algo_name;
+      const char *algo_name;
       const size_t before_size = calld->slices.length;
       const size_t after_size = tmp.length;
       const float savings_ratio = 1.0f - (float)after_size / (float)before_size;
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ static void finish_send_message(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     send_flags |= GRPC_WRITE_INTERNAL_COMPRESS;
   } else {
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_compression_trace)) {
-      char *algo_name;
+      const char *algo_name;
       GPR_ASSERT(grpc_compression_algorithm_name(calld->compression_algorithm,
                                                  &algo_name));
       gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
diff --git a/src/core/ext/filters/load_reporting/server_load_reporting_plugin.c b/src/core/ext/filters/load_reporting/server_load_reporting_plugin.c
index f56afd27d2..2486ead427 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/filters/load_reporting/server_load_reporting_plugin.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/filters/load_reporting/server_load_reporting_plugin.c
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ static bool maybe_add_server_load_reporting_filter(
 }
 
 grpc_arg grpc_load_reporting_enable_arg() {
-  return grpc_channel_arg_integer_create(GRPC_ARG_ENABLE_LOAD_REPORTING, 1);
+  return grpc_channel_arg_integer_create((char *)GRPC_ARG_ENABLE_LOAD_REPORTING,
+                                         1);
 }
 
 /* Plugin registration */
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/client/insecure/channel_create.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/client/insecure/channel_create.c
index cccb347bf1..6410a6043d 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/client/insecure/channel_create.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/client/insecure/channel_create.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ static grpc_channel *client_channel_factory_create_channel(
   }
   // Add channel arg containing the server URI.
   grpc_arg arg = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
-      GRPC_ARG_SERVER_URI,
+      (char *)GRPC_ARG_SERVER_URI,
       grpc_resolver_factory_add_default_prefix_if_needed(exec_ctx, target));
   const char *to_remove[] = {GRPC_ARG_SERVER_URI};
   grpc_channel_args *new_args =
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/client/insecure/channel_create_posix.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/client/insecure/channel_create_posix.c
index 0346d50b6c..dd88136f7b 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/client/insecure/channel_create_posix.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/client/insecure/channel_create_posix.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ grpc_channel *grpc_insecure_channel_create_from_fd(
                  (target, fd, args));
 
   grpc_arg default_authority_arg = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(
-      GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY, "test.authority");
+      (char *)GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY, (char *)"test.authority");
   grpc_channel_args *final_args =
       grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args, &default_authority_arg, 1);
 
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/server/chttp2_server.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/server/chttp2_server.c
index f5a409a403..60244e163b 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/server/chttp2_server.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/server/chttp2_server.c
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ grpc_error *grpc_chttp2_server_add_port(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   grpc_error *err = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   server_state *state = NULL;
   grpc_error **errors = NULL;
+  size_t naddrs = 0;
 
   *port_num = -1;
 
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ grpc_error *grpc_chttp2_server_add_port(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   state->shutdown = true;
   gpr_mu_init(&state->mu);
 
-  const size_t naddrs = resolved->naddrs;
+  naddrs = resolved->naddrs;
   errors = (grpc_error **)gpr_malloc(sizeof(*errors) * naddrs);
   for (i = 0; i < naddrs; i++) {
     errors[i] =
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_plugin.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_plugin.c
index 78551df9c3..6d09953830 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_plugin.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_plugin.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 void grpc_chttp2_plugin_init(void) {
   grpc_register_tracer(&grpc_http_trace);
   grpc_register_tracer(&grpc_flowctl_trace);
+  grpc_register_tracer(&grpc_trace_http2_stream_state);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   grpc_register_tracer(&grpc_trace_chttp2_refcount);
 #endif
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.c
index 930fa805a0..1a6e08fd0b 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.c
@@ -64,6 +64,11 @@
 #define DEFAULT_KEEPALIVE_PERMIT_WITHOUT_CALLS false
 #define KEEPALIVE_TIME_BACKOFF_MULTIPLIER 2
 
+#define DEFAULT_MIN_SENT_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS 300000 /* 5 minutes */
+#define DEFAULT_MIN_RECV_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS 300000 /* 5 minutes */
+#define DEFAULT_MAX_PINGS_BETWEEN_DATA 0                      /* unlimited */
+#define DEFAULT_MAX_PING_STRIKES 2
+
 static int g_default_client_keepalive_time_ms =
     DEFAULT_CLIENT_KEEPALIVE_TIME_MS;
 static int g_default_client_keepalive_timeout_ms =
@@ -75,6 +80,13 @@ static int g_default_server_keepalive_timeout_ms =
 static bool g_default_keepalive_permit_without_calls =
     DEFAULT_KEEPALIVE_PERMIT_WITHOUT_CALLS;
 
+static int g_default_min_sent_ping_interval_without_data_ms =
+    DEFAULT_MIN_SENT_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS;
+static int g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data_ms =
+    DEFAULT_MIN_RECV_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS;
+static int g_default_max_pings_without_data = DEFAULT_MAX_PINGS_BETWEEN_DATA;
+static int g_default_max_ping_strikes = DEFAULT_MAX_PING_STRIKES;
+
 #define MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID 0x7fffffffu
 grpc_tracer_flag grpc_http_trace = GRPC_TRACER_INITIALIZER(false, "http");
 grpc_tracer_flag grpc_flowctl_trace = GRPC_TRACER_INITIALIZER(false, "flowctl");
@@ -144,18 +156,14 @@ static void finish_bdp_ping_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *tp,
 
 static void cancel_pings(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
                          grpc_error *error);
-static void send_ping_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
-                             grpc_chttp2_ping_type ping_type,
-                             grpc_closure *on_initiate,
-                             grpc_closure *on_complete);
+static void send_ping_locked(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
+    grpc_chttp2_ping_type ping_type, grpc_closure *on_initiate,
+    grpc_closure *on_complete,
+    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason initiate_write_reason);
 static void retry_initiate_ping_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *tp,
                                        grpc_error *error);
 
-#define DEFAULT_MIN_TIME_BETWEEN_PINGS_MS 0
-#define DEFAULT_MAX_PINGS_BETWEEN_DATA 3
-#define DEFAULT_MAX_PING_STRIKES 2
-#define DEFAULT_MIN_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS 300000 /* 5 minutes */
-
 /** keepalive-relevant functions */
 static void init_keepalive_ping_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                                        grpc_error *error);
@@ -346,7 +354,6 @@ static void init_transport(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
   if (is_client) {
     grpc_slice_buffer_add(&t->outbuf, grpc_slice_from_copied_string(
                                           GRPC_CHTTP2_CLIENT_CONNECT_STRING));
-    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "initial_write");
   }
 
   /* configure http2 the way we like it */
@@ -362,14 +369,12 @@ static void init_transport(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
   queue_setting_update(exec_ctx, t,
                        GRPC_CHTTP2_SETTINGS_GRPC_ALLOW_TRUE_BINARY_METADATA, 1);
 
-  t->ping_policy = (grpc_chttp2_repeated_ping_policy){
-      .max_pings_without_data = DEFAULT_MAX_PINGS_BETWEEN_DATA,
-      .min_time_between_pings =
-          gpr_time_from_millis(DEFAULT_MIN_TIME_BETWEEN_PINGS_MS, GPR_TIMESPAN),
-      .max_ping_strikes = DEFAULT_MAX_PING_STRIKES,
-      .min_ping_interval_without_data = gpr_time_from_millis(
-          DEFAULT_MIN_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS, GPR_TIMESPAN),
-  };
+  t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data = g_default_max_pings_without_data;
+  t->ping_policy.min_sent_ping_interval_without_data = gpr_time_from_millis(
+      g_default_min_sent_ping_interval_without_data_ms, GPR_TIMESPAN);
+  t->ping_policy.max_ping_strikes = g_default_max_ping_strikes;
+  t->ping_policy.min_recv_ping_interval_without_data = gpr_time_from_millis(
+      g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data_ms, GPR_TIMESPAN);
 
   /* Keepalive setting */
   if (t->is_client) {
@@ -428,29 +433,37 @@ static void init_transport(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
                              GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_PINGS_WITHOUT_DATA)) {
         t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
             &channel_args->args[i],
-            (grpc_integer_options){DEFAULT_MAX_PINGS_BETWEEN_DATA, 0, INT_MAX});
+            (grpc_integer_options){g_default_max_pings_without_data, 0,
+                                   INT_MAX});
       } else if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
                              GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_PING_STRIKES)) {
         t->ping_policy.max_ping_strikes = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
             &channel_args->args[i],
-            (grpc_integer_options){DEFAULT_MAX_PING_STRIKES, 0, INT_MAX});
-      } else if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
-                             GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MIN_TIME_BETWEEN_PINGS_MS)) {
-        t->ping_policy.min_time_between_pings = gpr_time_from_millis(
-            grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-                &channel_args->args[i],
-                (grpc_integer_options){DEFAULT_MIN_TIME_BETWEEN_PINGS_MS, 0,
-                                       INT_MAX}),
-            GPR_TIMESPAN);
+            (grpc_integer_options){g_default_max_ping_strikes, 0, INT_MAX});
       } else if (0 ==
-                 strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
-                        GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MIN_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS)) {
-        t->ping_policy.min_ping_interval_without_data = gpr_time_from_millis(
-            grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
-                &channel_args->args[i],
-                (grpc_integer_options){
-                    DEFAULT_MIN_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS, 0, INT_MAX}),
-            GPR_TIMESPAN);
+                 strcmp(
+                     channel_args->args[i].key,
+                     GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MIN_SENT_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS)) {
+        t->ping_policy.min_sent_ping_interval_without_data =
+            gpr_time_from_millis(
+                grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
+                    &channel_args->args[i],
+                    (grpc_integer_options){
+                        g_default_min_sent_ping_interval_without_data_ms, 0,
+                        INT_MAX}),
+                GPR_TIMESPAN);
+      } else if (0 ==
+                 strcmp(
+                     channel_args->args[i].key,
+                     GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MIN_RECV_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS)) {
+        t->ping_policy.min_recv_ping_interval_without_data =
+            gpr_time_from_millis(
+                grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
+                    &channel_args->args[i],
+                    (grpc_integer_options){
+                        g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data_ms, 0,
+                        INT_MAX}),
+                GPR_TIMESPAN);
       } else if (0 == strcmp(channel_args->args[i].key,
                              GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE)) {
         t->write_buffer_size = (uint32_t)grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
@@ -557,8 +570,8 @@ static void init_transport(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
     }
   }
 
-  t->ping_state.pings_before_data_required =
-      t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data;
+  /* No pings allowed before receiving a header or data frame. */
+  t->ping_state.pings_before_data_required = 0;
   t->ping_state.is_delayed_ping_timer_set = false;
 
   t->ping_recv_state.last_ping_recv_time = gpr_inf_past(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
@@ -578,7 +591,8 @@ static void init_transport(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
     t->keepalive_state = GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_DISABLED;
   }
 
-  grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "init");
+  grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t,
+                             GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_INITIAL_WRITE);
   post_benign_reclaimer(exec_ctx, t);
 }
 
@@ -624,6 +638,9 @@ static void close_transport_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     connectivity_state_set(exec_ctx, t, GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN,
                            GRPC_ERROR_REF(error), "close_transport");
     grpc_endpoint_shutdown(exec_ctx, t->ep, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
+    if (t->ping_state.is_delayed_ping_timer_set) {
+      grpc_timer_cancel(exec_ctx, &t->ping_state.delayed_ping_timer);
+    }
     switch (t->keepalive_state) {
       case GRPC_CHTTP2_KEEPALIVE_STATE_WAITING:
         grpc_timer_cancel(exec_ctx, &t->keepalive_ping_timer);
@@ -846,13 +863,91 @@ static void set_write_state(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
   }
 }
 
+static void inc_initiate_write_reason(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason reason) {
+  switch (reason) {
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_INITIAL_WRITE:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_INITIAL_WRITE(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_START_NEW_STREAM:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_START_NEW_STREAM(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_MESSAGE:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_MESSAGE(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA(
+          exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA(
+          exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RETRY_SEND_PING:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_RETRY_SEND_PING(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_CONTINUE_PINGS:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_CONTINUE_PINGS(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_GOAWAY_SENT:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_GOAWAY_SENT(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RST_STREAM:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_RST_STREAM(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_CLOSE_FROM_API:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_CLOSE_FROM_API(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL(
+          exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_SETTINGS:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_SETTINGS(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_BDP_ESTIMATOR_PING:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_BDP_ESTIMATOR_PING(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_SETTING:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_SETTING(
+          exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_UPDATE:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_UPDATE(
+          exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_APPLICATION_PING:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_APPLICATION_PING(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_KEEPALIVE_PING:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_KEEPALIVE_PING(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED(
+          exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_PING_RESPONSE:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_PING_RESPONSE(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FORCE_RST_STREAM:
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FORCE_RST_STREAM(exec_ctx);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
 void grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                grpc_chttp2_transport *t, const char *reason) {
+                                grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
+                                grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason reason) {
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_chttp2_initiate_write", 0);
 
   switch (t->write_state) {
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_IDLE:
-      set_write_state(exec_ctx, t, GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING, reason);
+      inc_initiate_write_reason(exec_ctx, reason);
+      set_write_state(exec_ctx, t, GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING,
+                      grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason_string(reason));
       t->is_first_write_in_batch = true;
       GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t, "writing");
       GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(
@@ -864,7 +959,7 @@ void grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
       break;
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING:
       set_write_state(exec_ctx, t, GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING_WITH_MORE,
-                      reason);
+                      grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason_string(reason));
       break;
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_WRITE_STATE_WRITING_WITH_MORE:
       break;
@@ -872,16 +967,12 @@ void grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   GPR_TIMER_END("grpc_chttp2_initiate_write", 0);
 }
 
-void grpc_chttp2_become_writable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                 grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
-                                 grpc_chttp2_stream *s,
-                                 bool also_initiate_write, const char *reason) {
+void grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                      grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
+                                      grpc_chttp2_stream *s) {
   if (!t->closed && grpc_chttp2_list_add_writable_stream(t, s)) {
     GRPC_CHTTP2_STREAM_REF(s, "chttp2_writing:become");
   }
-  if (also_initiate_write) {
-    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, reason);
-  }
 }
 
 static grpc_closure_scheduler *write_scheduler(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
@@ -1105,7 +1196,9 @@ static void maybe_start_some_streams(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
     grpc_chttp2_stream_map_add(&t->stream_map, s->id, s);
     post_destructive_reclaimer(exec_ctx, t);
-    grpc_chttp2_become_writable(exec_ctx, t, s, true, "new_stream");
+    grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(exec_ctx, t, s);
+    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t,
+                               GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_START_NEW_STREAM);
   }
   /* cancel out streams that will never be started */
   while (t->next_stream_id >= MAX_CLIENT_STREAM_ID &&
@@ -1202,7 +1295,9 @@ static void maybe_become_writable_due_to_send_msg(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                   grpc_chttp2_stream *s) {
   if (s->id != 0 && (!s->write_buffering ||
                      s->flow_controlled_buffer.length > t->write_buffer_size)) {
-    grpc_chttp2_become_writable(exec_ctx, t, s, true, "op.send_message");
+    grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(exec_ctx, t, s);
+    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t,
+                               GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_MESSAGE);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1404,14 +1499,13 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *stream_op,
           }
         } else {
           GPR_ASSERT(s->id != 0);
-          bool initiate_write = true;
-          if (op->send_message &&
-              (op->payload->send_message.send_message->flags &
-               GRPC_WRITE_BUFFER_HINT)) {
-            initiate_write = false;
+          grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(exec_ctx, t, s);
+          if (!(op->send_message &&
+                (op->payload->send_message.send_message->flags &
+                 GRPC_WRITE_BUFFER_HINT))) {
+            grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(
+                exec_ctx, t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA);
           }
-          grpc_chttp2_become_writable(exec_ctx, t, s, initiate_write,
-                                      "op.send_initial_metadata");
         }
       } else {
         s->send_initial_metadata = NULL;
@@ -1519,8 +1613,9 @@ static void perform_stream_op_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *stream_op,
       } else if (s->id != 0) {
         /* TODO(ctiller): check if there's flow control for any outstanding
            bytes before going writable */
-        grpc_chttp2_become_writable(exec_ctx, t, s, true,
-                                    "op.send_trailing_metadata");
+        grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(exec_ctx, t, s);
+        grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(
+            exec_ctx, t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -1632,15 +1727,17 @@ static void cancel_pings(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
   GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
-static void send_ping_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
-                             grpc_chttp2_ping_type ping_type,
-                             grpc_closure *on_initiate, grpc_closure *on_ack) {
+static void send_ping_locked(
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
+    grpc_chttp2_ping_type ping_type, grpc_closure *on_initiate,
+    grpc_closure *on_ack,
+    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason initiate_write_reason) {
   grpc_chttp2_ping_queue *pq = &t->ping_queues[ping_type];
   grpc_closure_list_append(&pq->lists[GRPC_CHTTP2_PCL_INITIATE], on_initiate,
                            GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
   if (grpc_closure_list_append(&pq->lists[GRPC_CHTTP2_PCL_NEXT], on_ack,
                                GRPC_ERROR_NONE)) {
-    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "send_ping");
+    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, initiate_write_reason);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1648,7 +1745,10 @@ static void retry_initiate_ping_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *tp,
                                        grpc_error *error) {
   grpc_chttp2_transport *t = (grpc_chttp2_transport *)tp;
   t->ping_state.is_delayed_ping_timer_set = false;
-  grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "retry_send_ping");
+  if (error == GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
+    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t,
+                               GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RETRY_SEND_PING);
+  }
 }
 
 void grpc_chttp2_ack_ping(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
@@ -1663,7 +1763,8 @@ void grpc_chttp2_ack_ping(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
   }
   GRPC_CLOSURE_LIST_SCHED(exec_ctx, &pq->lists[GRPC_CHTTP2_PCL_INFLIGHT]);
   if (!grpc_closure_list_empty(pq->lists[GRPC_CHTTP2_PCL_NEXT])) {
-    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "continue_pings");
+    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t,
+                               GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_CONTINUE_PINGS);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1676,7 +1777,8 @@ static void send_goaway(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
                         &slice, &http_error);
   grpc_chttp2_goaway_append(t->last_new_stream_id, (uint32_t)http_error,
                             grpc_slice_ref_internal(slice), &t->qbuf);
-  grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "goaway_sent");
+  grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t,
+                             GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_GOAWAY_SENT);
   GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
 }
 
@@ -1723,7 +1825,8 @@ static void perform_transport_op_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
   if (op->send_ping) {
     send_ping_locked(exec_ctx, t, GRPC_CHTTP2_PING_ON_NEXT_WRITE, NULL,
-                     op->send_ping);
+                     op->send_ping,
+                     GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_APPLICATION_PING);
   }
 
   if (op->on_connectivity_state_change != NULL) {
@@ -1968,7 +2071,8 @@ void grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
       grpc_slice_buffer_add(
           &t->qbuf, grpc_chttp2_rst_stream_create(s->id, (uint32_t)http_error,
                                                   &s->stats.outgoing));
-      grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "rst_stream");
+      grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t,
+                                 GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RST_STREAM);
     }
   }
   if (due_to_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE && !s->seen_error) {
@@ -2289,7 +2393,8 @@ static void close_from_api(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
                                               &s->stats.outgoing));
 
   grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_closed(exec_ctx, t, s, 1, 1, error);
-  grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "close_from_api");
+  grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t,
+                             GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_CLOSE_FROM_API);
 }
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -2324,19 +2429,20 @@ void grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_FLOWCTL_NO_ACTION_NEEDED:
       break;
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_FLOWCTL_UPDATE_IMMEDIATELY:
-      grpc_chttp2_become_writable(exec_ctx, t, s, true,
-                                  "immediate stream flowctl");
+      grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(exec_ctx, t, s);
+      grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(
+          exec_ctx, t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL);
       break;
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_FLOWCTL_QUEUE_UPDATE:
-      grpc_chttp2_become_writable(exec_ctx, t, s, false,
-                                  "queue stream flowctl");
+      grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(exec_ctx, t, s);
       break;
   }
   switch (action.send_transport_update) {
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_FLOWCTL_NO_ACTION_NEEDED:
       break;
     case GRPC_CHTTP2_FLOWCTL_UPDATE_IMMEDIATELY:
-      grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "immediate transport flowctl");
+      grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(
+          exec_ctx, t, GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL);
       break;
     // this is the same as no action b/c every time the transport enters the
     // writing path it will maybe do an update
@@ -2354,7 +2460,8 @@ void grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                            (uint32_t)action.max_frame_size);
     }
     if (action.send_setting_update == GRPC_CHTTP2_FLOWCTL_UPDATE_IMMEDIATELY) {
-      grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "immediate setting update");
+      grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t,
+                                 GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_SETTINGS);
     }
   }
   if (action.need_ping) {
@@ -2362,7 +2469,8 @@ void grpc_chttp2_act_on_flowctl_action(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     grpc_bdp_estimator_schedule_ping(&t->flow_control.bdp_estimator);
     send_ping_locked(exec_ctx, t,
                      GRPC_CHTTP2_PING_BEFORE_TRANSPORT_WINDOW_UPDATE,
-                     &t->start_bdp_ping_locked, &t->finish_bdp_ping_locked);
+                     &t->start_bdp_ping_locked, &t->finish_bdp_ping_locked,
+                     GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_BDP_ESTIMATOR_PING);
   }
 }
 
@@ -2441,7 +2549,10 @@ static void read_action_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *tp,
       if (t->flow_control.initial_window_update > 0) {
         grpc_chttp2_stream *s;
         while (grpc_chttp2_list_pop_stalled_by_stream(t, &s)) {
-          grpc_chttp2_become_writable(exec_ctx, t, s, true, "unstalled");
+          grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(exec_ctx, t, s);
+          grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(
+              exec_ctx, t,
+              GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_SETTING);
         }
       }
       t->flow_control.initial_window_update = 0;
@@ -2538,6 +2649,36 @@ void grpc_chttp2_config_default_keepalive_args(grpc_channel_args *args,
                 &args->args[i],
                 (grpc_integer_options){g_default_keepalive_permit_without_calls,
                                        0, 1});
+      } else if (0 ==
+                 strcmp(args->args[i].key, GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_PING_STRIKES)) {
+        g_default_max_ping_strikes = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
+            &args->args[i],
+            (grpc_integer_options){g_default_max_ping_strikes, 0, INT_MAX});
+      } else if (0 == strcmp(args->args[i].key,
+                             GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MAX_PINGS_WITHOUT_DATA)) {
+        g_default_max_pings_without_data = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
+            &args->args[i], (grpc_integer_options){
+                                g_default_max_pings_without_data, 0, INT_MAX});
+      } else if (0 ==
+                 strcmp(
+                     args->args[i].key,
+                     GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MIN_SENT_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS)) {
+        g_default_min_sent_ping_interval_without_data_ms =
+            grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
+                &args->args[i],
+                (grpc_integer_options){
+                    g_default_min_sent_ping_interval_without_data_ms, 0,
+                    INT_MAX});
+      } else if (0 ==
+                 strcmp(
+                     args->args[i].key,
+                     GRPC_ARG_HTTP2_MIN_RECV_PING_INTERVAL_WITHOUT_DATA_MS)) {
+        g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data_ms =
+            grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(
+                &args->args[i],
+                (grpc_integer_options){
+                    g_default_min_recv_ping_interval_without_data_ms, 0,
+                    INT_MAX});
       }
     }
   }
@@ -2556,7 +2697,8 @@ static void init_keepalive_ping_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
       GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t, "keepalive ping end");
       send_ping_locked(exec_ctx, t, GRPC_CHTTP2_PING_ON_NEXT_WRITE,
                        &t->start_keepalive_ping_locked,
-                       &t->finish_keepalive_ping_locked);
+                       &t->finish_keepalive_ping_locked,
+                       GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_KEEPALIVE_PING);
     } else {
       GRPC_CHTTP2_REF_TRANSPORT(t, "init keepalive ping");
       grpc_timer_init(
@@ -3017,6 +3159,56 @@ static void destructive_reclaimer_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
 /*******************************************************************************
  * MONITORING
  */
+
+const char *grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason_string(
+    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason reason) {
+  switch (reason) {
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_INITIAL_WRITE:
+      return "INITIAL_WRITE";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_START_NEW_STREAM:
+      return "START_NEW_STREAM";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_MESSAGE:
+      return "SEND_MESSAGE";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA:
+      return "SEND_INITIAL_METADATA";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA:
+      return "SEND_TRAILING_METADATA";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RETRY_SEND_PING:
+      return "RETRY_SEND_PING";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_CONTINUE_PINGS:
+      return "CONTINUE_PINGS";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_GOAWAY_SENT:
+      return "GOAWAY_SENT";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RST_STREAM:
+      return "RST_STREAM";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_CLOSE_FROM_API:
+      return "CLOSE_FROM_API";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL:
+      return "STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL:
+      return "TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_SETTINGS:
+      return "SEND_SETTINGS";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_BDP_ESTIMATOR_PING:
+      return "BDP_ESTIMATOR_PING";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_SETTING:
+      return "FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_SETTING";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_UPDATE:
+      return "FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_UPDATE";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_APPLICATION_PING:
+      return "APPLICATION_PING";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_KEEPALIVE_PING:
+      return "KEEPALIVE_PING";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED:
+      return "TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_PING_RESPONSE:
+      return "PING_RESPONSE";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FORCE_RST_STREAM:
+      return "FORCE_RST_STREAM";
+  }
+  GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(return "unknown");
+}
+
 static grpc_endpoint *chttp2_get_endpoint(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                           grpc_transport *t) {
   return ((grpc_chttp2_transport *)t)->ep;
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.h b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.h
index 0c4e2a91c0..55fb1a8343 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.h
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 extern grpc_tracer_flag grpc_http_trace;
 extern grpc_tracer_flag grpc_flowctl_trace;
+extern grpc_tracer_flag grpc_trace_http2_stream_state;
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 extern grpc_tracer_flag grpc_trace_chttp2_refcount;
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_ping.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_ping.c
index 582fd7bfaa..d431d6b2df 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_ping.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_ping.c
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ grpc_error *grpc_chttp2_ping_parser_parse(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *parser,
         gpr_timespec now = gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
         gpr_timespec next_allowed_ping =
             gpr_time_add(t->ping_recv_state.last_ping_recv_time,
-                         t->ping_policy.min_ping_interval_without_data);
+                         t->ping_policy.min_recv_ping_interval_without_data);
 
         if (t->keepalive_permit_without_calls == 0 &&
             grpc_chttp2_stream_map_size(&t->stream_map) == 0) {
@@ -117,7 +117,8 @@ grpc_error *grpc_chttp2_ping_parser_parse(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *parser,
               t->ping_acks, t->ping_ack_capacity * sizeof(*t->ping_acks));
         }
         t->ping_acks[t->ping_ack_count++] = p->opaque_8bytes;
-        grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "ping response");
+        grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t,
+                                   GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_PING_RESPONSE);
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_window_update.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_window_update.c
index c94f7725bf..c9ab8d1b50 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_window_update.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/frame_window_update.c
@@ -99,8 +99,10 @@ grpc_error *grpc_chttp2_window_update_parser_parse(
         grpc_chttp2_flowctl_recv_stream_update(
             &t->flow_control, &s->flow_control, received_update);
         if (grpc_chttp2_list_remove_stalled_by_stream(t, s)) {
-          grpc_chttp2_become_writable(exec_ctx, t, s, true,
-                                      "stream.read_flow_control");
+          grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(exec_ctx, t, s);
+          grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(
+              exec_ctx, t,
+              GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_UPDATE);
         }
       }
     } else {
@@ -109,7 +111,9 @@ grpc_error *grpc_chttp2_window_update_parser_parse(
                                                 received_update);
       bool is_zero = t->flow_control.remote_window <= 0;
       if (was_zero && !is_zero) {
-        grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "new_global_flow_control");
+        grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(
+            exec_ctx, t,
+            GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED);
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_encoder.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_encoder.c
index 3cd1a7ee5c..9dfbd3c3a9 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_encoder.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_encoder.c
@@ -51,8 +51,10 @@
 #define MAX_DECODER_SPACE_USAGE 512
 
 static grpc_slice_refcount terminal_slice_refcount = {NULL, NULL};
-static const grpc_slice terminal_slice = {&terminal_slice_refcount,
-                                          .data.refcounted = {0, 0}};
+static const grpc_slice terminal_slice = {
+    &terminal_slice_refcount, /* refcount */
+    {{0, 0}}                  /* data.refcounted */
+};
 
 extern grpc_tracer_flag grpc_http_trace;
 
@@ -283,29 +285,26 @@ typedef struct {
 } wire_value;
 
 static wire_value get_wire_value(grpc_mdelem elem, bool true_binary_enabled) {
+  wire_value wire_val;
   if (grpc_is_binary_header(GRPC_MDKEY(elem))) {
     if (true_binary_enabled) {
-      return (wire_value){
-          .huffman_prefix = 0x00,
-          .insert_null_before_wire_value = true,
-          .data = grpc_slice_ref_internal(GRPC_MDVALUE(elem)),
-      };
+      wire_val.huffman_prefix = 0x00;
+      wire_val.insert_null_before_wire_value = true;
+      wire_val.data = grpc_slice_ref_internal(GRPC_MDVALUE(elem));
+
     } else {
-      return (wire_value){
-          .huffman_prefix = 0x80,
-          .insert_null_before_wire_value = false,
-          .data = grpc_chttp2_base64_encode_and_huffman_compress(
-              GRPC_MDVALUE(elem)),
-      };
+      wire_val.huffman_prefix = 0x80;
+      wire_val.insert_null_before_wire_value = false;
+      wire_val.data =
+          grpc_chttp2_base64_encode_and_huffman_compress(GRPC_MDVALUE(elem));
     }
   } else {
     /* TODO(ctiller): opportunistically compress non-binary headers */
-    return (wire_value){
-        .huffman_prefix = 0x00,
-        .insert_null_before_wire_value = false,
-        .data = grpc_slice_ref_internal(GRPC_MDVALUE(elem)),
-    };
+    wire_val.huffman_prefix = 0x00;
+    wire_val.insert_null_before_wire_value = false;
+    wire_val.data = grpc_slice_ref_internal(GRPC_MDVALUE(elem));
   }
+  return wire_val;
 }
 
 static size_t wire_value_length(wire_value v) {
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_parser.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_parser.c
index 82ff2c8e2c..901e7413c0 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_parser.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_parser.c
@@ -1649,7 +1649,8 @@ static void force_client_rst_stream(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *sp,
     grpc_slice_buffer_add(
         &t->qbuf, grpc_chttp2_rst_stream_create(s->id, GRPC_HTTP2_NO_ERROR,
                                                 &s->stats.outgoing));
-    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "force_rst_stream");
+    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t,
+                               GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FORCE_RST_STREAM);
     grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_closed(exec_ctx, t, s, true, true, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
   }
   GRPC_CHTTP2_STREAM_UNREF(exec_ctx, s, "final_rst");
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/internal.h b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/internal.h
index 0fbedd1e56..1682be28dd 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/internal.h
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/internal.h
@@ -79,16 +79,43 @@ typedef enum {
   GRPC_CHTTP2_PCL_COUNT /* must be last */
 } grpc_chttp2_ping_closure_list;
 
+typedef enum {
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_INITIAL_WRITE,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_START_NEW_STREAM,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_MESSAGE,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RETRY_SEND_PING,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_CONTINUE_PINGS,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_GOAWAY_SENT,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_RST_STREAM,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_CLOSE_FROM_API,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_SEND_SETTINGS,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_BDP_ESTIMATOR_PING,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_SETTING,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_UPDATE,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_APPLICATION_PING,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_KEEPALIVE_PING,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_PING_RESPONSE,
+  GRPC_CHTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_FORCE_RST_STREAM,
+} grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason;
+
+const char *grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason_string(
+    grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason reason);
+
 typedef struct {
   grpc_closure_list lists[GRPC_CHTTP2_PCL_COUNT];
   uint64_t inflight_id;
 } grpc_chttp2_ping_queue;
 
 typedef struct {
-  gpr_timespec min_time_between_pings;
   int max_pings_without_data;
   int max_ping_strikes;
-  gpr_timespec min_ping_interval_without_data;
+  gpr_timespec min_sent_ping_interval_without_data;
+  gpr_timespec min_recv_ping_interval_without_data;
 } grpc_chttp2_repeated_ping_policy;
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -599,7 +626,8 @@ struct grpc_chttp2_stream {
     The actual call chain is documented in the implementation of this function.
     */
 void grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                grpc_chttp2_transport *t, const char *reason);
+                                grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
+                                grpc_chttp2_initiate_write_reason reason);
 
 typedef struct {
   /** are we writing? */
@@ -851,10 +879,9 @@ void grpc_chttp2_add_ping_strike(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
 /** add a ref to the stream and add it to the writable list;
     ref will be dropped in writing.c */
-void grpc_chttp2_become_writable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                 grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
-                                 grpc_chttp2_stream *s,
-                                 bool also_initiate_write, const char *reason);
+void grpc_chttp2_mark_stream_writable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                      grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
+                                      grpc_chttp2_stream *s);
 
 void grpc_chttp2_cancel_stream(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                grpc_chttp2_transport *t, grpc_chttp2_stream *s,
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/parsing.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/parsing.c
index 6c12c91365..3db1ad4123 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/parsing.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/parsing.c
@@ -383,6 +383,9 @@ error_handler:
     /* t->parser = grpc_chttp2_data_parser_parse;*/
     t->parser = grpc_chttp2_data_parser_parse;
     t->parser_data = &s->data_parser;
+    t->ping_state.pings_before_data_required =
+        t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data;
+    t->ping_state.last_ping_sent_time = gpr_inf_past(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
     return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   } else if (grpc_error_get_int(err, GRPC_ERROR_INT_STREAM_ID, NULL)) {
     /* handle stream errors by closing the stream */
@@ -559,6 +562,10 @@ static grpc_error *init_header_frame_parser(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
         (t->incoming_frame_flags & GRPC_CHTTP2_DATA_FLAG_END_STREAM) != 0;
   }
 
+  t->ping_state.pings_before_data_required =
+      t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data;
+  t->ping_state.last_ping_sent_time = gpr_inf_past(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+
   /* could be a new grpc_chttp2_stream or an existing grpc_chttp2_stream */
   s = grpc_chttp2_parsing_lookup_stream(t, t->incoming_stream_id);
   if (s == NULL) {
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/stream_lists.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/stream_lists.c
index 7cc85dea9c..47cd22d177 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/stream_lists.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/stream_lists.c
@@ -20,6 +20,27 @@
 
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
 
+static char *stream_list_id_string(grpc_chttp2_stream_list_id id) {
+  switch (id) {
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_WRITABLE:
+      return "writable";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_WRITING:
+      return "writing";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_STALLED_BY_TRANSPORT:
+      return "stalled_by_transport";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_STALLED_BY_STREAM:
+      return "stalled_by_stream";
+    case GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_WAITING_FOR_CONCURRENCY:
+      return "waiting_for_concurrency";
+    case STREAM_LIST_COUNT:
+      GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(return "unknown");
+  }
+  GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(return "unknown");
+}
+
+grpc_tracer_flag grpc_trace_http2_stream_state =
+    GRPC_TRACER_INITIALIZER(false, "http2_stream_state");
+
 /* core list management */
 
 static bool stream_list_empty(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
@@ -44,6 +65,10 @@ static bool stream_list_pop(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
     s->included[id] = 0;
   }
   *stream = s;
+  if (s && GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_trace_http2_stream_state)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%p[%d][%s]: pop from %s", t, s->id,
+            t->is_client ? "cli" : "svr", stream_list_id_string(id));
+  }
   return s != 0;
 }
 
@@ -62,6 +87,10 @@ static void stream_list_remove(grpc_chttp2_transport *t, grpc_chttp2_stream *s,
   } else {
     t->lists[id].tail = s->links[id].prev;
   }
+  if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_trace_http2_stream_state)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%p[%d][%s]: remove from %s", t, s->id,
+            t->is_client ? "cli" : "svr", stream_list_id_string(id));
+  }
 }
 
 static bool stream_list_maybe_remove(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
@@ -90,6 +119,10 @@ static void stream_list_add_tail(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
   }
   t->lists[id].tail = s;
   s->included[id] = 1;
+  if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_trace_http2_stream_state)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%p[%d][%s]: add to %s", t, s->id,
+            t->is_client ? "cli" : "svr", stream_list_id_string(id));
+  }
 }
 
 static bool stream_list_add(grpc_chttp2_transport *t, grpc_chttp2_stream *s,
@@ -150,17 +183,12 @@ void grpc_chttp2_list_remove_waiting_for_concurrency(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
 
 void grpc_chttp2_list_add_stalled_by_transport(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
                                                grpc_chttp2_stream *s) {
-  GRPC_FLOW_CONTROL_IF_TRACING(
-      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "stream %u stalled by transport", s->id));
   stream_list_add(t, s, GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_STALLED_BY_TRANSPORT);
 }
 
 bool grpc_chttp2_list_pop_stalled_by_transport(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
                                                grpc_chttp2_stream **s) {
-  bool ret = stream_list_pop(t, s, GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_STALLED_BY_TRANSPORT);
-  GRPC_FLOW_CONTROL_IF_TRACING(if (ret) gpr_log(
-      GPR_DEBUG, "stream %u un-stalled by transport", (*s)->id));
-  return ret;
+  return stream_list_pop(t, s, GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_STALLED_BY_TRANSPORT);
 }
 
 void grpc_chttp2_list_remove_stalled_by_transport(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
@@ -170,23 +198,15 @@ void grpc_chttp2_list_remove_stalled_by_transport(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
 
 void grpc_chttp2_list_add_stalled_by_stream(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
                                             grpc_chttp2_stream *s) {
-  GRPC_FLOW_CONTROL_IF_TRACING(
-      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "stream %u stalled by stream", s->id));
   stream_list_add(t, s, GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_STALLED_BY_STREAM);
 }
 
 bool grpc_chttp2_list_pop_stalled_by_stream(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
                                             grpc_chttp2_stream **s) {
-  bool ret = stream_list_pop(t, s, GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_STALLED_BY_STREAM);
-  GRPC_FLOW_CONTROL_IF_TRACING(
-      if (ret) gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "stream %u un-stalled by stream", (*s)->id));
-  return ret;
+  return stream_list_pop(t, s, GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_STALLED_BY_STREAM);
 }
 
 bool grpc_chttp2_list_remove_stalled_by_stream(grpc_chttp2_transport *t,
                                                grpc_chttp2_stream *s) {
-  bool ret = stream_list_maybe_remove(t, s, GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_STALLED_BY_STREAM);
-  GRPC_FLOW_CONTROL_IF_TRACING(
-      if (ret) gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "stream %u un-stalled by stream", s->id));
-  return ret;
+  return stream_list_maybe_remove(t, s, GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_STALLED_BY_STREAM);
 }
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/writing.c b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/writing.c
index 3fa38db4db..7d9d4867e1 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/writing.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/writing.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ static void maybe_initiate_ping(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   }
   if (t->ping_state.pings_before_data_required == 0 &&
       t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data != 0) {
-    /* need to send something of substance before sending a ping again */
+    /* need to receive something of substance before sending a ping again */
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_http_trace) ||
         GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_bdp_estimator_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "Ping delayed [%p]: too many recent pings: %d/%d",
@@ -78,11 +78,18 @@ static void maybe_initiate_ping(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     return;
   }
   gpr_timespec now = gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
-  gpr_timespec elapsed = gpr_time_sub(now, t->ping_state.last_ping_sent_time);
-  /*gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "elapsed:%d.%09d min:%d.%09d", (int)elapsed.tv_sec,
-          elapsed.tv_nsec, (int)t->ping_policy.min_time_between_pings.tv_sec,
-          (int)t->ping_policy.min_time_between_pings.tv_nsec);*/
-  if (gpr_time_cmp(elapsed, t->ping_policy.min_time_between_pings) < 0) {
+  gpr_timespec next_allowed_ping =
+      gpr_time_add(t->ping_state.last_ping_sent_time,
+                   t->ping_policy.min_sent_ping_interval_without_data);
+  if (t->keepalive_permit_without_calls == 0 &&
+      grpc_chttp2_stream_map_size(&t->stream_map) == 0) {
+    next_allowed_ping = gpr_time_add(t->ping_recv_state.last_ping_recv_time,
+                                     gpr_time_from_seconds(7200, GPR_TIMESPAN));
+  }
+  /* gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "next_allowed_ping:%d.%09d now:%d.%09d",
+          (int)next_allowed_ping.tv_sec, (int)next_allowed_ping.tv_nsec,
+          (int)now.tv_sec, (int)now.tv_nsec); */
+  if (gpr_time_cmp(next_allowed_ping, now) > 0) {
     /* not enough elapsed time between successive pings */
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_http_trace) ||
         GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_bdp_estimator_trace)) {
@@ -93,9 +100,7 @@ static void maybe_initiate_ping(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     if (!t->ping_state.is_delayed_ping_timer_set) {
       t->ping_state.is_delayed_ping_timer_set = true;
       grpc_timer_init(exec_ctx, &t->ping_state.delayed_ping_timer,
-                      gpr_time_add(t->ping_state.last_ping_sent_time,
-                                   t->ping_policy.min_time_between_pings),
-                      &t->retry_initiate_ping_locked,
+                      next_allowed_ping, &t->retry_initiate_ping_locked,
                       gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC));
     }
     return;
@@ -119,6 +124,12 @@ static void maybe_initiate_ping(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                         grpc_chttp2_ping_create(false, pq->inflight_id));
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_PINGS_SENT(exec_ctx);
   t->ping_state.last_ping_sent_time = now;
+  if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_http_trace) ||
+      GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_bdp_estimator_trace)) {
+    gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "Ping sent [%p]: %d/%d", t->peer_string,
+            t->ping_state.pings_before_data_required,
+            t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data);
+  }
   t->ping_state.pings_before_data_required -=
       (t->ping_state.pings_before_data_required != 0);
 }
@@ -201,9 +212,8 @@ grpc_chttp2_begin_write_result grpc_chttp2_begin_write(
 
   if (t->flow_control.remote_window > 0) {
     while (grpc_chttp2_list_pop_stalled_by_transport(t, &s)) {
-      if (!t->closed && grpc_chttp2_list_add_writable_stream(t, s) &&
-          stream_ref_if_not_destroyed(&s->refcount->refs)) {
-        grpc_chttp2_initiate_write(exec_ctx, t, "transport.read_flow_control");
+      if (!t->closed && grpc_chttp2_list_add_writable_stream(t, s)) {
+        stream_ref_if_not_destroyed(&s->refcount->refs);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -258,8 +268,7 @@ grpc_chttp2_begin_write_result grpc_chttp2_begin_write(
             .stats = &s->stats.outgoing};
         grpc_chttp2_encode_header(exec_ctx, &t->hpack_compressor, NULL, 0,
                                   s->send_initial_metadata, &hopt, &t->outbuf);
-        t->ping_state.pings_before_data_required =
-            t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data;
+        now_writing = true;
         if (!t->is_client) {
           t->ping_recv_state.last_ping_recv_time =
               gpr_inf_past(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
@@ -298,8 +307,6 @@ grpc_chttp2_begin_write_result grpc_chttp2_begin_write(
       grpc_slice_buffer_add(
           &t->outbuf, grpc_chttp2_window_update_create(s->id, stream_announce,
                                                        &s->stats.outgoing));
-      t->ping_state.pings_before_data_required =
-          t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data;
       if (!t->is_client) {
         t->ping_recv_state.last_ping_recv_time =
             gpr_inf_past(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
@@ -376,8 +383,6 @@ grpc_chttp2_begin_write_result grpc_chttp2_begin_write(
                                           send_bytes);
             s->sending_bytes += send_bytes;
           }
-          t->ping_state.pings_before_data_required =
-              t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data;
           if (!t->is_client) {
             t->ping_recv_state.last_ping_recv_time =
                 gpr_inf_past(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
@@ -488,8 +493,6 @@ grpc_chttp2_begin_write_result grpc_chttp2_begin_write(
     grpc_slice_buffer_add(
         &t->outbuf, grpc_chttp2_window_update_create(0, transport_announce,
                                                      &throwaway_stats));
-    t->ping_state.pings_before_data_required =
-        t->ping_policy.max_pings_without_data;
     if (!t->is_client) {
       t->ping_recv_state.last_ping_recv_time =
           gpr_inf_past(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
diff --git a/src/core/ext/transport/inproc/inproc_transport.c b/src/core/ext/transport/inproc/inproc_transport.c
index cd3e76a0b5..31739d07dd 100644
--- a/src/core/ext/transport/inproc/inproc_transport.c
+++ b/src/core/ext/transport/inproc/inproc_transport.c
@@ -1263,8 +1263,8 @@ grpc_channel *grpc_inproc_channel_create(grpc_server *server,
 
   grpc_arg default_authority_arg;
   default_authority_arg.type = GRPC_ARG_STRING;
-  default_authority_arg.key = GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY;
-  default_authority_arg.value.string = "inproc.authority";
+  default_authority_arg.key = (char *)GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY;
+  default_authority_arg.value.string = (char *)"inproc.authority";
   grpc_channel_args *client_args =
       grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(args, &default_authority_arg, 1);
 
diff --git a/src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.c b/src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.c
index 9215707f1c..30248b3c60 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.c
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ grpc_channel_args *grpc_channel_args_set_compression_algorithm(
   GPR_ASSERT(algorithm < GRPC_COMPRESS_ALGORITHMS_COUNT);
   grpc_arg tmp;
   tmp.type = GRPC_ARG_INTEGER;
-  tmp.key = GRPC_COMPRESSION_CHANNEL_DEFAULT_ALGORITHM;
+  tmp.key = (char *)GRPC_COMPRESSION_CHANNEL_DEFAULT_ALGORITHM;
   tmp.value.integer = algorithm;
   return grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(a, &tmp, 1);
 }
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ grpc_channel_args *grpc_channel_args_set_stream_compression_algorithm(
   GPR_ASSERT(algorithm < GRPC_STREAM_COMPRESS_ALGORITHMS_COUNT);
   grpc_arg tmp;
   tmp.type = GRPC_ARG_INTEGER;
-  tmp.key = GRPC_STREAM_COMPRESSION_CHANNEL_DEFAULT_ALGORITHM;
+  tmp.key = (char *)GRPC_STREAM_COMPRESSION_CHANNEL_DEFAULT_ALGORITHM;
   tmp.value.integer = algorithm;
   return grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add(a, &tmp, 1);
 }
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ grpc_channel_args *grpc_channel_args_compression_algorithm_set_state(
 
   if (grpc_channel_args_get_compression_algorithm(*a) == algorithm &&
       state == 0) {
-    char *algo_name = NULL;
+    const char *algo_name = NULL;
     GPR_ASSERT(grpc_compression_algorithm_name(algorithm, &algo_name) != 0);
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
             "Tried to disable default compression algorithm '%s'. The "
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ grpc_channel_args *grpc_channel_args_compression_algorithm_set_state(
     /* create a new arg */
     grpc_arg tmp;
     tmp.type = GRPC_ARG_INTEGER;
-    tmp.key = GRPC_COMPRESSION_CHANNEL_ENABLED_ALGORITHMS_BITSET;
+    tmp.key = (char *)GRPC_COMPRESSION_CHANNEL_ENABLED_ALGORITHMS_BITSET;
     /* all enabled by default */
     tmp.value.integer = (1u << GRPC_COMPRESS_ALGORITHMS_COUNT) - 1;
     if (state != 0) {
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ grpc_channel_args *grpc_channel_args_stream_compression_algorithm_set_state(
 
   if (grpc_channel_args_get_stream_compression_algorithm(*a) == algorithm &&
       state == 0) {
-    char *algo_name = NULL;
+    const char *algo_name = NULL;
     GPR_ASSERT(grpc_stream_compression_algorithm_name(algorithm, &algo_name) !=
                0);
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ grpc_channel_args *grpc_channel_args_stream_compression_algorithm_set_state(
     /* create a new arg */
     grpc_arg tmp;
     tmp.type = GRPC_ARG_INTEGER;
-    tmp.key = GRPC_STREAM_COMPRESSION_CHANNEL_ENABLED_ALGORITHMS_BITSET;
+    tmp.key = (char *)GRPC_STREAM_COMPRESSION_CHANNEL_ENABLED_ALGORITHMS_BITSET;
     /* all enabled by default */
     tmp.value.integer = (1u << GRPC_STREAM_COMPRESS_ALGORITHMS_COUNT) - 1;
     if (state != 0) {
diff --git a/src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack.h b/src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack.h
index ae1cac31f7..f0de80f0c0 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack.h
+++ b/src/core/lib/channel/channel_stack.h
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ grpc_channel_stack *grpc_channel_stack_from_top_element(
 /* Given the top element of a call stack, get the call stack itself */
 grpc_call_stack *grpc_call_stack_from_top_element(grpc_call_element *elem);
 
-void grpc_call_log_op(char *file, int line, gpr_log_severity severity,
+void grpc_call_log_op(const char *file, int line, gpr_log_severity severity,
                       grpc_call_element *elem,
                       grpc_transport_stream_op_batch *op);
 
diff --git a/src/core/lib/compression/compression.c b/src/core/lib/compression/compression.c
index ec84c01811..1cfac23129 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/compression/compression.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/compression/compression.c
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ int grpc_stream_compression_algorithm_parse(
 }
 
 int grpc_compression_algorithm_name(grpc_compression_algorithm algorithm,
-                                    char **name) {
+                                    const char **name) {
   GRPC_API_TRACE("grpc_compression_algorithm_parse(algorithm=%d, name=%p)", 2,
                  ((int)algorithm, name));
   switch (algorithm) {
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ int grpc_compression_algorithm_name(grpc_compression_algorithm algorithm,
 }
 
 int grpc_stream_compression_algorithm_name(
-    grpc_stream_compression_algorithm algorithm, char **name) {
+    grpc_stream_compression_algorithm algorithm, const char **name) {
   GRPC_API_TRACE(
       "grpc_stream_compression_algorithm_parse(algorithm=%d, name=%p)", 2,
       ((int)algorithm, name));
diff --git a/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.c b/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.c
index 2c56765343..8eaf308b71 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.c
@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@ const char *grpc_stats_counter_name[GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COUNT] = {
     "server_channels_created",
     "syscall_poll",
     "syscall_wait",
+    "pollset_kick",
+    "pollset_kicked_without_poller",
+    "pollset_kicked_again",
+    "pollset_kick_wakeup_fd",
+    "pollset_kick_wakeup_cv",
+    "pollset_kick_own_thread",
     "histogram_slow_lookups",
     "syscall_write",
     "syscall_read",
@@ -50,6 +56,27 @@ const char *grpc_stats_counter_name[GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COUNT] = {
     "http2_writes_offloaded",
     "http2_writes_continued",
     "http2_partial_writes",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_initial_write",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_start_new_stream",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_send_message",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_send_initial_metadata",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_send_trailing_metadata",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_retry_send_ping",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_continue_pings",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_goaway_sent",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_rst_stream",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_close_from_api",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_stream_flow_control",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_transport_flow_control",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_send_settings",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_bdp_estimator_ping",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_flow_control_unstalled_by_setting",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_flow_control_unstalled_by_update",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_application_ping",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_keepalive_ping",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_transport_flow_control_unstalled",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_ping_response",
+    "http2_initiate_write_due_to_force_rst_stream",
     "combiner_locks_initiated",
     "combiner_locks_scheduled_items",
     "combiner_locks_scheduled_final_items",
@@ -60,6 +87,8 @@ const char *grpc_stats_counter_name[GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COUNT] = {
     "executor_wakeup_initiated",
     "executor_queue_drained",
     "executor_push_retries",
+    "executor_threads_created",
+    "executor_threads_used",
     "server_requested_calls",
     "server_slowpath_requests_queued",
 };
@@ -70,6 +99,18 @@ const char *grpc_stats_counter_doc[GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COUNT] = {
     "Number of client subchannels created", "Number of server channels created",
     "Number of polling syscalls (epoll_wait, poll, etc) made by this process",
     "Number of sleeping syscalls made by this process",
+    "How many polling wakeups were performed by the process (only valid for "
+    "epoll1 right now)",
+    "How many times was a polling wakeup requested without an active poller "
+    "(only valid for epoll1 right now)",
+    "How many times was the same polling worker awoken repeatedly before "
+    "waking up (only valid for epoll1 right now)",
+    "How many times was an eventfd used as the wakeup vector for a polling "
+    "wakeup (only valid for epoll1 right now)",
+    "How many times was a condition variable used as the wakeup vector for a "
+    "polling wakeup (only valid for epoll1 right now)",
+    "How many times could a polling wakeup be satisfied by keeping the waking "
+    "thread awake? (only valid for epoll1 right now)",
     "Number of times histogram increments went through the slow (binary "
     "search) path",
     "Number of write syscalls (or equivalent - eg sendmsg) made by this "
@@ -92,6 +133,30 @@ const char *grpc_stats_counter_doc[GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COUNT] = {
     "written",
     "Number of HTTP2 writes that were made knowing there was still more data "
     "to be written (we cap maximum write size to syscall_write)",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'initial_write'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'start_new_stream'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'send_message'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'send_initial_metadata'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'send_trailing_metadata'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'retry_send_ping'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'continue_pings'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'goaway_sent'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'rst_stream'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'close_from_api'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'stream_flow_control'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'transport_flow_control'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'send_settings'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'bdp_estimator_ping'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to "
+    "'flow_control_unstalled_by_setting'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to "
+    "'flow_control_unstalled_by_update'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'application_ping'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'keepalive_ping'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to "
+    "'transport_flow_control_unstalled'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'ping_response'",
+    "Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'force_rst_stream'",
     "Number of combiner lock entries by process (first items queued to a "
     "combiner)",
     "Number of items scheduled against combiner locks",
@@ -106,11 +171,15 @@ const char *grpc_stats_counter_doc[GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COUNT] = {
     "Number of times an executor queue was drained",
     "Number of times we raced and were forced to retry pushing a closure to "
     "the executor",
+    "Size of the backing thread pool for overflow gRPC Core work",
+    "How many executor threads actually got used",
     "How many calls were requested (not necessarily received) by the server",
     "How many times was the server slow path taken (indicates too few "
     "outstanding requests)",
 };
 const char *grpc_stats_histogram_name[GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_COUNT] = {
+    "call_initial_size",
+    "poll_events_returned",
     "tcp_write_size",
     "tcp_write_iov_size",
     "tcp_read_size",
@@ -121,9 +190,12 @@ const char *grpc_stats_histogram_name[GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_COUNT] = {
     "http2_send_message_per_write",
     "http2_send_trailing_metadata_per_write",
     "http2_send_flowctl_per_write",
+    "executor_closures_per_wakeup",
     "server_cqs_checked",
 };
 const char *grpc_stats_histogram_doc[GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_COUNT] = {
+    "Initial size of the grpc_call arena created at call start",
+    "How many events are called for each syscall_poll",
     "Number of bytes offered to each syscall_write",
     "Number of byte segments offered to each syscall_write",
     "Number of bytes received by each syscall_read",
@@ -134,10 +206,47 @@ const char *grpc_stats_histogram_doc[GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_COUNT] = {
     "Number of streams whose payload was written per TCP write",
     "Number of streams terminated per TCP write",
     "Number of flow control updates written per TCP write",
+    "Number of closures executed each time an executor wakes up",
     "How many completion queues were checked looking for a CQ that had "
     "requested the incoming call",
 };
 const int grpc_stats_table_0[65] = {
+    0,      1,      2,      3,      4,     5,     7,     9,     11,    14,
+    17,     21,     26,     32,     39,    47,    57,    68,    82,    98,
+    117,    140,    167,    199,    238,   284,   339,   404,   482,   575,
+    685,    816,    972,    1158,   1380,  1644,  1959,  2334,  2780,  3312,
+    3945,   4699,   5597,   6667,   7941,  9459,  11267, 13420, 15984, 19038,
+    22676,  27009,  32169,  38315,  45635, 54353, 64737, 77104, 91834, 109378,
+    130273, 155159, 184799, 220100, 262144};
+const uint8_t grpc_stats_table_1[124] = {
+    0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  2,  2,  3,  3,  3,  4,  4,  5,  5,  6,  6,  6,
+    7,  7,  7,  8,  9,  9,  10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15,
+    15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 22, 23, 24,
+    24, 25, 25, 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 28, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30, 31, 31, 32, 33,
+    33, 34, 34, 34, 35, 35, 36, 37, 37, 37, 38, 38, 39, 39, 40, 40, 41, 41,
+    42, 42, 43, 43, 44, 44, 45, 45, 46, 46, 47, 47, 48, 48, 49, 49, 50, 50,
+    51, 51, 52, 52, 53, 53, 54, 54, 55, 55, 56, 56, 57, 57, 58, 58};
+const int grpc_stats_table_2[129] = {
+    0,   1,   2,   3,   4,   5,   6,   7,   8,   9,   10,  11,  12,  13,  14,
+    15,  16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  26,  27,  28,  30,
+    32,  34,  36,  38,  40,  42,  44,  46,  48,  50,  52,  54,  56,  58,  60,
+    63,  66,  69,  72,  75,  78,  81,  84,  87,  90,  94,  98,  102, 106, 110,
+    114, 118, 122, 126, 131, 136, 141, 146, 151, 156, 162, 168, 174, 180, 186,
+    192, 199, 206, 213, 220, 228, 236, 244, 252, 260, 269, 278, 287, 297, 307,
+    317, 327, 338, 349, 360, 372, 384, 396, 409, 422, 436, 450, 464, 479, 494,
+    510, 526, 543, 560, 578, 596, 615, 634, 654, 674, 695, 717, 739, 762, 785,
+    809, 834, 859, 885, 912, 939, 967, 996, 1024};
+const uint8_t grpc_stats_table_3[166] = {
+    0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  2,  2,  3,  3,  4,  4,  5,  5,  6,  6,  7,  7,
+    8,  8,  9,  9,  10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 16,
+    17, 17, 18, 19, 19, 20, 21, 21, 22, 23, 23, 24, 25, 25, 26, 26, 27, 27, 28,
+    28, 29, 29, 30, 30, 31, 31, 32, 32, 33, 33, 34, 34, 35, 36, 36, 37, 38, 39,
+    40, 40, 41, 42, 42, 43, 44, 44, 45, 46, 46, 47, 48, 48, 49, 49, 50, 50, 51,
+    51, 52, 52, 53, 53, 54, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 63, 64,
+    65, 65, 66, 67, 67, 68, 69, 69, 70, 71, 71, 72, 72, 73, 73, 74, 75, 75, 76,
+    76, 77, 78, 79, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 85, 86, 87, 88, 88, 89, 90, 90,
+    91, 92, 92, 93, 94, 94, 95, 95, 96, 97, 97, 98, 98, 99};
+const int grpc_stats_table_4[65] = {
     0,       1,       2,       3,       4,       6,       8,        11,
     15,      20,      26,      34,      44,      57,      73,       94,
     121,     155,     199,     255,     327,     419,     537,      688,
@@ -147,28 +256,82 @@ const int grpc_stats_table_0[65] = {
     326126,  417200,  533707,  682750,  873414,  1117323, 1429345,  1828502,
     2339127, 2992348, 3827987, 4896985, 6264509, 8013925, 10251880, 13114801,
     16777216};
-const uint8_t grpc_stats_table_1[87] = {
+const uint8_t grpc_stats_table_5[87] = {
     0,  0,  1,  1,  2,  3,  3,  4,  4,  5,  6,  6,  7,  8,  8,  9,  10, 11,
     11, 12, 13, 13, 14, 15, 15, 16, 17, 17, 18, 19, 20, 20, 21, 22, 22, 23,
     24, 25, 25, 26, 27, 27, 28, 29, 29, 30, 31, 31, 32, 33, 34, 34, 35, 36,
     36, 37, 38, 39, 39, 40, 41, 41, 42, 43, 44, 44, 45, 45, 46, 47, 48, 48,
     49, 50, 51, 51, 52, 53, 53, 54, 55, 56, 56, 57, 58, 58, 59};
-const int grpc_stats_table_2[65] = {
+const int grpc_stats_table_6[65] = {
     0,   1,   2,   3,   4,   5,   6,   7,   8,   9,   10,  11,  12,
     14,  16,  18,  20,  22,  24,  27,  30,  33,  36,  39,  43,  47,
     51,  56,  61,  66,  72,  78,  85,  92,  100, 109, 118, 128, 139,
     151, 164, 178, 193, 209, 226, 244, 264, 285, 308, 333, 359, 387,
     418, 451, 486, 524, 565, 609, 656, 707, 762, 821, 884, 952, 1024};
-const uint8_t grpc_stats_table_3[102] = {
+const uint8_t grpc_stats_table_7[102] = {
     0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  2,  2,  3,  3,  4,  4,  5,  5,  6,  6,
     6,  7,  7,  7,  8,  8,  9,  9,  10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14,
     14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 23,
     23, 24, 24, 24, 25, 26, 27, 27, 28, 28, 29, 29, 30, 30, 31, 31, 32,
     32, 33, 33, 34, 35, 35, 36, 37, 37, 38, 38, 39, 39, 40, 40, 41, 41,
     42, 42, 43, 44, 44, 45, 46, 46, 47, 48, 48, 49, 49, 50, 50, 51, 51};
-const int grpc_stats_table_4[9] = {0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 13, 23, 39, 64};
-const uint8_t grpc_stats_table_5[9] = {0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5};
+const int grpc_stats_table_8[9] = {0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 13, 23, 39, 64};
+const uint8_t grpc_stats_table_9[9] = {0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5};
+void grpc_stats_inc_call_initial_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
+  value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 262144);
+  if (value < 6) {
+    GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_CALL_INITIAL_SIZE,
+                             value);
+    return;
+  }
+  union {
+    double dbl;
+    uint64_t uint;
+  } _val, _bkt;
+  _val.dbl = value;
+  if (_val.uint < 4651092515166879744ull) {
+    int bucket =
+        grpc_stats_table_1[((_val.uint - 4618441417868443648ull) >> 49)] + 6;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_0[bucket];
+    bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
+    GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_CALL_INITIAL_SIZE,
+                             bucket);
+    return;
+  }
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_CALL_INITIAL_SIZE,
+                           grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow(
+                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_0, 64));
+}
+void grpc_stats_inc_poll_events_returned(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
+  value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 1024);
+  if (value < 29) {
+    GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx),
+                             GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_POLL_EVENTS_RETURNED, value);
+    return;
+  }
+  union {
+    double dbl;
+    uint64_t uint;
+  } _val, _bkt;
+  _val.dbl = value;
+  if (_val.uint < 4642789003353915392ull) {
+    int bucket =
+        grpc_stats_table_3[((_val.uint - 4628855992006737920ull) >> 47)] + 29;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_2[bucket];
+    bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
+    GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx),
+                             GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_POLL_EVENTS_RETURNED, bucket);
+    return;
+  }
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx),
+                           GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_POLL_EVENTS_RETURNED,
+                           grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow(
+                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_2, 128));
+}
 void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_write_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
   value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 16777216);
   if (value < 5) {
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_SIZE,
@@ -182,8 +345,8 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_write_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
   _val.dbl = value;
   if (_val.uint < 4683743612465315840ull) {
     int bucket =
-        grpc_stats_table_1[((_val.uint - 4617315517961601024ull) >> 50)] + 5;
-    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_0[bucket];
+        grpc_stats_table_5[((_val.uint - 4617315517961601024ull) >> 50)] + 5;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_4[bucket];
     bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_SIZE,
                              bucket);
@@ -191,9 +354,10 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_write_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
   }
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_SIZE,
                            grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow(
-                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_0, 64));
+                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_4, 64));
 }
 void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_write_iov_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
   value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 1024);
   if (value < 13) {
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx),
@@ -207,8 +371,8 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_write_iov_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
   _val.dbl = value;
   if (_val.uint < 4637863191261478912ull) {
     int bucket =
-        grpc_stats_table_3[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
-    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_2[bucket];
+        grpc_stats_table_7[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_6[bucket];
     bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx),
                              GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_IOV_SIZE, bucket);
@@ -216,9 +380,10 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_write_iov_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
   }
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_IOV_SIZE,
                            grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow(
-                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_2, 64));
+                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_6, 64));
 }
 void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_read_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
   value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 16777216);
   if (value < 5) {
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_SIZE,
@@ -232,8 +397,8 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_read_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
   _val.dbl = value;
   if (_val.uint < 4683743612465315840ull) {
     int bucket =
-        grpc_stats_table_1[((_val.uint - 4617315517961601024ull) >> 50)] + 5;
-    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_0[bucket];
+        grpc_stats_table_5[((_val.uint - 4617315517961601024ull) >> 50)] + 5;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_4[bucket];
     bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_SIZE,
                              bucket);
@@ -241,9 +406,10 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_read_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
   }
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_SIZE,
                            grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow(
-                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_0, 64));
+                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_4, 64));
 }
 void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_read_offer(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
   value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 16777216);
   if (value < 5) {
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_OFFER,
@@ -257,8 +423,8 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_read_offer(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
   _val.dbl = value;
   if (_val.uint < 4683743612465315840ull) {
     int bucket =
-        grpc_stats_table_1[((_val.uint - 4617315517961601024ull) >> 50)] + 5;
-    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_0[bucket];
+        grpc_stats_table_5[((_val.uint - 4617315517961601024ull) >> 50)] + 5;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_4[bucket];
     bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_OFFER,
                              bucket);
@@ -266,10 +432,11 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_read_offer(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
   }
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_OFFER,
                            grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow(
-                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_0, 64));
+                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_4, 64));
 }
 void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_read_offer_iov_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                             int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
   value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 1024);
   if (value < 13) {
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
@@ -283,8 +450,8 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_read_offer_iov_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   _val.dbl = value;
   if (_val.uint < 4637863191261478912ull) {
     int bucket =
-        grpc_stats_table_3[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
-    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_2[bucket];
+        grpc_stats_table_7[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_6[bucket];
     bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
         (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_OFFER_IOV_SIZE, bucket);
@@ -293,10 +460,11 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_read_offer_iov_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx),
                            GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_OFFER_IOV_SIZE,
                            grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow(
-                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_2, 64));
+                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_6, 64));
 }
 void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_message_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                             int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
   value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 16777216);
   if (value < 5) {
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
@@ -310,8 +478,8 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_message_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   _val.dbl = value;
   if (_val.uint < 4683743612465315840ull) {
     int bucket =
-        grpc_stats_table_1[((_val.uint - 4617315517961601024ull) >> 50)] + 5;
-    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_0[bucket];
+        grpc_stats_table_5[((_val.uint - 4617315517961601024ull) >> 50)] + 5;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_4[bucket];
     bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
         (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_MESSAGE_SIZE, bucket);
@@ -320,10 +488,11 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_message_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx),
                            GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_MESSAGE_SIZE,
                            grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow(
-                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_0, 64));
+                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_4, 64));
 }
 void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_initial_metadata_per_write(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
   value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 1024);
   if (value < 13) {
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
@@ -338,8 +507,8 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_initial_metadata_per_write(
   _val.dbl = value;
   if (_val.uint < 4637863191261478912ull) {
     int bucket =
-        grpc_stats_table_3[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
-    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_2[bucket];
+        grpc_stats_table_7[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_6[bucket];
     bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
         (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA_PER_WRITE,
@@ -348,11 +517,12 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_initial_metadata_per_write(
   }
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
       (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA_PER_WRITE,
-      grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow((exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_2,
+      grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow((exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_6,
                                         64));
 }
 void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_message_per_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                  int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
   value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 1024);
   if (value < 13) {
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
@@ -366,8 +536,8 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_message_per_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   _val.dbl = value;
   if (_val.uint < 4637863191261478912ull) {
     int bucket =
-        grpc_stats_table_3[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
-    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_2[bucket];
+        grpc_stats_table_7[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_6[bucket];
     bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
         (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_MESSAGE_PER_WRITE, bucket);
@@ -376,10 +546,11 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_message_per_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx),
                            GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_MESSAGE_PER_WRITE,
                            grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow(
-                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_2, 64));
+                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_6, 64));
 }
 void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_trailing_metadata_per_write(
     grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
   value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 1024);
   if (value < 13) {
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
@@ -394,8 +565,8 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_trailing_metadata_per_write(
   _val.dbl = value;
   if (_val.uint < 4637863191261478912ull) {
     int bucket =
-        grpc_stats_table_3[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
-    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_2[bucket];
+        grpc_stats_table_7[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_6[bucket];
     bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
         (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA_PER_WRITE,
@@ -404,11 +575,12 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_trailing_metadata_per_write(
   }
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
       (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA_PER_WRITE,
-      grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow((exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_2,
+      grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow((exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_6,
                                         64));
 }
 void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_flowctl_per_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                  int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
   value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 1024);
   if (value < 13) {
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
@@ -422,8 +594,8 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_flowctl_per_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   _val.dbl = value;
   if (_val.uint < 4637863191261478912ull) {
     int bucket =
-        grpc_stats_table_3[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
-    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_2[bucket];
+        grpc_stats_table_7[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_6[bucket];
     bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
         (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_FLOWCTL_PER_WRITE, bucket);
@@ -432,9 +604,38 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_flowctl_per_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx),
                            GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_FLOWCTL_PER_WRITE,
                            grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow(
-                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_2, 64));
+                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_6, 64));
+}
+void grpc_stats_inc_executor_closures_per_wakeup(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                                 int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
+  value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 1024);
+  if (value < 13) {
+    GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
+        (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_EXECUTOR_CLOSURES_PER_WAKEUP, value);
+    return;
+  }
+  union {
+    double dbl;
+    uint64_t uint;
+  } _val, _bkt;
+  _val.dbl = value;
+  if (_val.uint < 4637863191261478912ull) {
+    int bucket =
+        grpc_stats_table_7[((_val.uint - 4623507967449235456ull) >> 48)] + 13;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_6[bucket];
+    bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
+    GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM(
+        (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_EXECUTOR_CLOSURES_PER_WAKEUP, bucket);
+    return;
+  }
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx),
+                           GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_EXECUTOR_CLOSURES_PER_WAKEUP,
+                           grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow(
+                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_6, 64));
 }
 void grpc_stats_inc_server_cqs_checked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
+  /* Automatically generated by tools/codegen/core/gen_stats_data.py */
   value = GPR_CLAMP(value, 0, 64);
   if (value < 3) {
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx),
@@ -448,8 +649,8 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_server_cqs_checked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
   _val.dbl = value;
   if (_val.uint < 4625196817309499392ull) {
     int bucket =
-        grpc_stats_table_5[((_val.uint - 4613937818241073152ull) >> 51)] + 3;
-    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_4[bucket];
+        grpc_stats_table_9[((_val.uint - 4613937818241073152ull) >> 51)] + 3;
+    _bkt.dbl = grpc_stats_table_8[bucket];
     bucket -= (_val.uint < _bkt.uint);
     GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx),
                              GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_SERVER_CQS_CHECKED, bucket);
@@ -457,18 +658,21 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_server_cqs_checked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int value) {
   }
   GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_SERVER_CQS_CHECKED,
                            grpc_stats_histo_find_bucket_slow(
-                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_4, 8));
+                               (exec_ctx), value, grpc_stats_table_8, 8));
 }
-const int grpc_stats_histo_buckets[11] = {64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64,
-                                          64, 64, 64, 64, 8};
-const int grpc_stats_histo_start[11] = {0,   64,  128, 192, 256, 320,
-                                        384, 448, 512, 576, 640};
-const int *const grpc_stats_histo_bucket_boundaries[11] = {
-    grpc_stats_table_0, grpc_stats_table_2, grpc_stats_table_0,
-    grpc_stats_table_0, grpc_stats_table_2, grpc_stats_table_0,
-    grpc_stats_table_2, grpc_stats_table_2, grpc_stats_table_2,
-    grpc_stats_table_2, grpc_stats_table_4};
-void (*const grpc_stats_inc_histogram[11])(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int x) = {
+const int grpc_stats_histo_buckets[14] = {64, 128, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64,
+                                          64, 64,  64, 64, 64, 64, 8};
+const int grpc_stats_histo_start[14] = {0,   64,  192, 256, 320, 384, 448,
+                                        512, 576, 640, 704, 768, 832, 896};
+const int *const grpc_stats_histo_bucket_boundaries[14] = {
+    grpc_stats_table_0, grpc_stats_table_2, grpc_stats_table_4,
+    grpc_stats_table_6, grpc_stats_table_4, grpc_stats_table_4,
+    grpc_stats_table_6, grpc_stats_table_4, grpc_stats_table_6,
+    grpc_stats_table_6, grpc_stats_table_6, grpc_stats_table_6,
+    grpc_stats_table_6, grpc_stats_table_8};
+void (*const grpc_stats_inc_histogram[14])(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int x) = {
+    grpc_stats_inc_call_initial_size,
+    grpc_stats_inc_poll_events_returned,
     grpc_stats_inc_tcp_write_size,
     grpc_stats_inc_tcp_write_iov_size,
     grpc_stats_inc_tcp_read_size,
@@ -479,4 +683,5 @@ void (*const grpc_stats_inc_histogram[11])(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int x) = {
     grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_message_per_write,
     grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_trailing_metadata_per_write,
     grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_flowctl_per_write,
+    grpc_stats_inc_executor_closures_per_wakeup,
     grpc_stats_inc_server_cqs_checked};
diff --git a/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.h b/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.h
index e93db32c6a..099302f29c 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.h
+++ b/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.h
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ typedef enum {
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_SERVER_CHANNELS_CREATED,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_SYSCALL_POLL,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_SYSCALL_WAIT,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_POLLSET_KICK,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_POLLSET_KICKED_WITHOUT_POLLER,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_POLLSET_KICKED_AGAIN,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_FD,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_CV,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_POLLSET_KICK_OWN_THREAD,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HISTOGRAM_SLOW_LOOKUPS,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_SYSCALL_WRITE,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_SYSCALL_READ,
@@ -52,6 +58,27 @@ typedef enum {
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_WRITES_OFFLOADED,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_WRITES_CONTINUED,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_PARTIAL_WRITES,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_INITIAL_WRITE,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_START_NEW_STREAM,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_MESSAGE,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_RETRY_SEND_PING,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_CONTINUE_PINGS,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_GOAWAY_SENT,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_RST_STREAM,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_CLOSE_FROM_API,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_SETTINGS,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_BDP_ESTIMATOR_PING,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_SETTING,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_UPDATE,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_APPLICATION_PING,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_KEEPALIVE_PING,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_PING_RESPONSE,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FORCE_RST_STREAM,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COMBINER_LOCKS_INITIATED,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COMBINER_LOCKS_SCHEDULED_ITEMS,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COMBINER_LOCKS_SCHEDULED_FINAL_ITEMS,
@@ -62,6 +89,8 @@ typedef enum {
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_EXECUTOR_WAKEUP_INITIATED,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_EXECUTOR_QUEUE_DRAINED,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_EXECUTOR_PUSH_RETRIES,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_EXECUTOR_THREADS_CREATED,
+  GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_EXECUTOR_THREADS_USED,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_SERVER_REQUESTED_CALLS,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_SERVER_SLOWPATH_REQUESTS_QUEUED,
   GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COUNT
@@ -69,6 +98,8 @@ typedef enum {
 extern const char *grpc_stats_counter_name[GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COUNT];
 extern const char *grpc_stats_counter_doc[GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COUNT];
 typedef enum {
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_CALL_INITIAL_SIZE,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_POLL_EVENTS_RETURNED,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_SIZE,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_IOV_SIZE,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_SIZE,
@@ -79,35 +110,42 @@ typedef enum {
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_MESSAGE_PER_WRITE,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA_PER_WRITE,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_FLOWCTL_PER_WRITE,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_EXECUTOR_CLOSURES_PER_WAKEUP,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_SERVER_CQS_CHECKED,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_COUNT
 } grpc_stats_histograms;
 extern const char *grpc_stats_histogram_name[GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_COUNT];
 extern const char *grpc_stats_histogram_doc[GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_COUNT];
 typedef enum {
-  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_SIZE_FIRST_SLOT = 0,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_CALL_INITIAL_SIZE_FIRST_SLOT = 0,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_CALL_INITIAL_SIZE_BUCKETS = 64,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_POLL_EVENTS_RETURNED_FIRST_SLOT = 64,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_POLL_EVENTS_RETURNED_BUCKETS = 128,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_SIZE_FIRST_SLOT = 192,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_SIZE_BUCKETS = 64,
-  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_IOV_SIZE_FIRST_SLOT = 64,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_IOV_SIZE_FIRST_SLOT = 256,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_WRITE_IOV_SIZE_BUCKETS = 64,
-  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_SIZE_FIRST_SLOT = 128,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_SIZE_FIRST_SLOT = 320,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_SIZE_BUCKETS = 64,
-  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_OFFER_FIRST_SLOT = 192,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_OFFER_FIRST_SLOT = 384,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_OFFER_BUCKETS = 64,
-  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_OFFER_IOV_SIZE_FIRST_SLOT = 256,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_OFFER_IOV_SIZE_FIRST_SLOT = 448,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_TCP_READ_OFFER_IOV_SIZE_BUCKETS = 64,
-  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_MESSAGE_SIZE_FIRST_SLOT = 320,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_MESSAGE_SIZE_FIRST_SLOT = 512,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_MESSAGE_SIZE_BUCKETS = 64,
-  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA_PER_WRITE_FIRST_SLOT = 384,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA_PER_WRITE_FIRST_SLOT = 576,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA_PER_WRITE_BUCKETS = 64,
-  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_MESSAGE_PER_WRITE_FIRST_SLOT = 448,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_MESSAGE_PER_WRITE_FIRST_SLOT = 640,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_MESSAGE_PER_WRITE_BUCKETS = 64,
-  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA_PER_WRITE_FIRST_SLOT = 512,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA_PER_WRITE_FIRST_SLOT = 704,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA_PER_WRITE_BUCKETS = 64,
-  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_FLOWCTL_PER_WRITE_FIRST_SLOT = 576,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_FLOWCTL_PER_WRITE_FIRST_SLOT = 768,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_HTTP2_SEND_FLOWCTL_PER_WRITE_BUCKETS = 64,
-  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_SERVER_CQS_CHECKED_FIRST_SLOT = 640,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_EXECUTOR_CLOSURES_PER_WAKEUP_FIRST_SLOT = 832,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_EXECUTOR_CLOSURES_PER_WAKEUP_BUCKETS = 64,
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_SERVER_CQS_CHECKED_FIRST_SLOT = 896,
   GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_SERVER_CQS_CHECKED_BUCKETS = 8,
-  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_BUCKETS = 648
+  GRPC_STATS_HISTOGRAM_BUCKETS = 904
 } grpc_stats_histogram_constants;
 #define GRPC_STATS_INC_CLIENT_CALLS_CREATED(exec_ctx) \
   GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_CLIENT_CALLS_CREATED)
@@ -126,6 +164,19 @@ typedef enum {
   GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_SYSCALL_POLL)
 #define GRPC_STATS_INC_SYSCALL_WAIT(exec_ctx) \
   GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_SYSCALL_WAIT)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_POLLSET_KICK)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICKED_WITHOUT_POLLER(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx),                           \
+                         GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_POLLSET_KICKED_WITHOUT_POLLER)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICKED_AGAIN(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_POLLSET_KICKED_AGAIN)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_FD(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_FD)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_CV(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_CV)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_OWN_THREAD(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_POLLSET_KICK_OWN_THREAD)
 #define GRPC_STATS_INC_HISTOGRAM_SLOW_LOOKUPS(exec_ctx) \
   GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HISTOGRAM_SLOW_LOOKUPS)
 #define GRPC_STATS_INC_SYSCALL_WRITE(exec_ctx) \
@@ -169,6 +220,95 @@ typedef enum {
   GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_WRITES_CONTINUED)
 #define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_PARTIAL_WRITES(exec_ctx) \
   GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_PARTIAL_WRITES)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_INITIAL_WRITE(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                  \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                          \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_INITIAL_WRITE)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_START_NEW_STREAM(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                     \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                             \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_START_NEW_STREAM)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_MESSAGE(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                 \
+      (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_MESSAGE)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA( \
+    exec_ctx)                                                             \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                 \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                         \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA( \
+    exec_ctx)                                                              \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                  \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                          \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_TRAILING_METADATA)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_RETRY_SEND_PING(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                    \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                            \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_RETRY_SEND_PING)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_CONTINUE_PINGS(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                   \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                           \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_CONTINUE_PINGS)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_GOAWAY_SENT(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                \
+      (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_GOAWAY_SENT)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_RST_STREAM(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                               \
+      (exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_RST_STREAM)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_CLOSE_FROM_API(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                   \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                           \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_CLOSE_FROM_API)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL( \
+    exec_ctx)                                                           \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                               \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                       \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_STREAM_FLOW_CONTROL)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL( \
+    exec_ctx)                                                              \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                  \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                          \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_SETTINGS(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                  \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                          \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_SEND_SETTINGS)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_BDP_ESTIMATOR_PING( \
+    exec_ctx)                                                          \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                              \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                      \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_BDP_ESTIMATOR_PING)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_SETTING( \
+    exec_ctx)                                                                         \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                             \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                                     \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_SETTING)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_UPDATE( \
+    exec_ctx)                                                                        \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                            \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                                    \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED_BY_UPDATE)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_APPLICATION_PING(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                     \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                             \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_APPLICATION_PING)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_KEEPALIVE_PING(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                   \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                           \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_KEEPALIVE_PING)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED( \
+    exec_ctx)                                                                        \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                            \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                                    \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_TRANSPORT_FLOW_CONTROL_UNSTALLED)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_PING_RESPONSE(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                  \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                          \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_PING_RESPONSE)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FORCE_RST_STREAM(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER(                                                     \
+      (exec_ctx),                                                             \
+      GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_HTTP2_INITIATE_WRITE_DUE_TO_FORCE_RST_STREAM)
 #define GRPC_STATS_INC_COMBINER_LOCKS_INITIATED(exec_ctx) \
   GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx),                      \
                          GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_COMBINER_LOCKS_INITIATED)
@@ -197,11 +337,22 @@ typedef enum {
   GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_EXECUTOR_QUEUE_DRAINED)
 #define GRPC_STATS_INC_EXECUTOR_PUSH_RETRIES(exec_ctx) \
   GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_EXECUTOR_PUSH_RETRIES)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_EXECUTOR_THREADS_CREATED(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx),                      \
+                         GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_EXECUTOR_THREADS_CREATED)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_EXECUTOR_THREADS_USED(exec_ctx) \
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_EXECUTOR_THREADS_USED)
 #define GRPC_STATS_INC_SERVER_REQUESTED_CALLS(exec_ctx) \
   GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx), GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_SERVER_REQUESTED_CALLS)
 #define GRPC_STATS_INC_SERVER_SLOWPATH_REQUESTS_QUEUED(exec_ctx) \
   GRPC_STATS_INC_COUNTER((exec_ctx),                             \
                          GRPC_STATS_COUNTER_SERVER_SLOWPATH_REQUESTS_QUEUED)
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_CALL_INITIAL_SIZE(exec_ctx, value) \
+  grpc_stats_inc_call_initial_size((exec_ctx), (int)(value))
+void grpc_stats_inc_call_initial_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int x);
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_POLL_EVENTS_RETURNED(exec_ctx, value) \
+  grpc_stats_inc_poll_events_returned((exec_ctx), (int)(value))
+void grpc_stats_inc_poll_events_returned(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int x);
 #define GRPC_STATS_INC_TCP_WRITE_SIZE(exec_ctx, value) \
   grpc_stats_inc_tcp_write_size((exec_ctx), (int)(value))
 void grpc_stats_inc_tcp_write_size(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int x);
@@ -237,13 +388,17 @@ void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_trailing_metadata_per_write(
   grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_flowctl_per_write((exec_ctx), (int)(value))
 void grpc_stats_inc_http2_send_flowctl_per_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                  int x);
+#define GRPC_STATS_INC_EXECUTOR_CLOSURES_PER_WAKEUP(exec_ctx, value) \
+  grpc_stats_inc_executor_closures_per_wakeup((exec_ctx), (int)(value))
+void grpc_stats_inc_executor_closures_per_wakeup(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                                 int x);
 #define GRPC_STATS_INC_SERVER_CQS_CHECKED(exec_ctx, value) \
   grpc_stats_inc_server_cqs_checked((exec_ctx), (int)(value))
 void grpc_stats_inc_server_cqs_checked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, int x);
-extern const int grpc_stats_histo_buckets[11];
-extern const int grpc_stats_histo_start[11];
-extern const int *const grpc_stats_histo_bucket_boundaries[11];
-extern void (*const grpc_stats_inc_histogram[11])(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+extern const int grpc_stats_histo_buckets[14];
+extern const int grpc_stats_histo_start[14];
+extern const int *const grpc_stats_histo_bucket_boundaries[14];
+extern void (*const grpc_stats_inc_histogram[14])(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                                   int x);
 
 #endif /* GRPC_CORE_LIB_DEBUG_STATS_DATA_H */
diff --git a/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.yaml b/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.yaml
index 37dff9c5f4..2fd23ce675 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.yaml
+++ b/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data.yaml
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@
   doc: Number of client side calls created by this process
 - counter: server_calls_created
   doc: Number of server side calls created by this process
+- histogram: call_initial_size
+  max: 262144
+  buckets: 64
+  doc: Initial size of the grpc_call arena created at call start
 - counter: cqs_created
   doc: Number of completion queues created
 - counter: client_channels_created
@@ -33,6 +37,32 @@
   doc: Number of polling syscalls (epoll_wait, poll, etc) made by this process
 - counter: syscall_wait
   doc: Number of sleeping syscalls made by this process
+- histogram: poll_events_returned
+  max: 1024
+  buckets: 128
+  doc: How many events are called for each syscall_poll
+- counter: pollset_kick
+  doc: How many polling wakeups were performed by the process
+       (only valid for epoll1 right now)
+- counter: pollset_kicked_without_poller
+  doc: How many times was a polling wakeup requested without an active poller
+       (only valid for epoll1 right now)
+- counter: pollset_kicked_again
+  doc: How many times was the same polling worker awoken repeatedly before
+       waking up
+       (only valid for epoll1 right now)
+- counter: pollset_kick_wakeup_fd
+  doc: How many times was an eventfd used as the wakeup vector for a polling
+       wakeup
+       (only valid for epoll1 right now)
+- counter: pollset_kick_wakeup_cv
+  doc: How many times was a condition variable used as the wakeup vector for a
+       polling wakeup
+       (only valid for epoll1 right now)
+- counter: pollset_kick_own_thread
+  doc: How many times could a polling wakeup be satisfied by keeping the waking
+       thread awake?
+       (only valid for epoll1 right now)
 # stats system
 - counter: histogram_slow_lookups
   doc: Number of times histogram increments went through the slow
@@ -117,6 +147,48 @@
 - counter: http2_partial_writes
   doc: Number of HTTP2 writes that were made knowing there was still more data
        to be written (we cap maximum write size to syscall_write)
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_initial_write
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'initial_write'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_start_new_stream
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'start_new_stream'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_send_message
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'send_message'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_send_initial_metadata
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'send_initial_metadata'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_send_trailing_metadata
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'send_trailing_metadata'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_retry_send_ping
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'retry_send_ping'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_continue_pings
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'continue_pings'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_goaway_sent
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'goaway_sent'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_rst_stream
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'rst_stream'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_close_from_api
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'close_from_api'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_stream_flow_control
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'stream_flow_control'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_transport_flow_control
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'transport_flow_control'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_send_settings
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'send_settings'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_bdp_estimator_ping
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'bdp_estimator_ping'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_flow_control_unstalled_by_setting
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'flow_control_unstalled_by_setting'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_flow_control_unstalled_by_update
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'flow_control_unstalled_by_update'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_application_ping
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'application_ping'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_keepalive_ping
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'keepalive_ping'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_transport_flow_control_unstalled
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'transport_flow_control_unstalled'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_ping_response
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'ping_response'
+- counter: http2_initiate_write_due_to_force_rst_stream
+  doc: Number of HTTP2 writes initiated due to 'force_rst_stream'
 # combiner locks
 - counter: combiner_locks_initiated
   doc: Number of combiner lock entries by process
@@ -143,6 +215,14 @@
 - counter: executor_push_retries
   doc: Number of times we raced and were forced to retry pushing a closure to
        the executor
+- counter: executor_threads_created
+  doc: Size of the backing thread pool for overflow gRPC Core work
+- counter: executor_threads_used
+  doc: How many executor threads actually got used
+- histogram: executor_closures_per_wakeup
+  max: 1024
+  buckets: 64
+  doc: Number of closures executed each time an executor wakes up
 # server
 - counter: server_requested_calls
   doc: How many calls were requested (not necessarily received) by the server
diff --git a/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data_bq_schema.sql b/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data_bq_schema.sql
index 5354769291..b10985e449 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data_bq_schema.sql
+++ b/src/core/lib/debug/stats_data_bq_schema.sql
@@ -1,7 +1,17 @@
 client_calls_created_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 server_calls_created_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+cqs_created_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+client_channels_created_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+client_subchannels_created_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+server_channels_created_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 syscall_poll_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 syscall_wait_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+pollset_kick_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+pollset_kicked_without_poller_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+pollset_kicked_again_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+pollset_kick_wakeup_fd_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+pollset_kick_wakeup_cv_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+pollset_kick_own_thread_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 histogram_slow_lookups_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 syscall_write_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 syscall_read_per_iteration:FLOAT,
@@ -21,6 +31,27 @@ http2_writes_begun_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 http2_writes_offloaded_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 http2_writes_continued_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 http2_partial_writes_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_initial_write_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_start_new_stream_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_send_message_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_send_initial_metadata_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_send_trailing_metadata_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_retry_send_ping_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_continue_pings_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_goaway_sent_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_rst_stream_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_close_from_api_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_stream_flow_control_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_transport_flow_control_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_send_settings_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_bdp_estimator_ping_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_flow_control_unstalled_by_setting_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_flow_control_unstalled_by_update_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_application_ping_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_keepalive_ping_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_transport_flow_control_unstalled_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_ping_response_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+http2_initiate_write_due_to_force_rst_stream_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 combiner_locks_initiated_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 combiner_locks_scheduled_items_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 combiner_locks_scheduled_final_items_per_iteration:FLOAT,
@@ -31,5 +62,7 @@ executor_scheduled_to_self_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 executor_wakeup_initiated_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 executor_queue_drained_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 executor_push_retries_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+executor_threads_created_per_iteration:FLOAT,
+executor_threads_used_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 server_requested_calls_per_iteration:FLOAT,
 server_slowpath_requests_queued_per_iteration:FLOAT
diff --git a/src/core/lib/debug/trace.h b/src/core/lib/debug/trace.h
index dd9e6a30fe..64f2e3fc33 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/debug/trace.h
+++ b/src/core/lib/debug/trace.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ typedef struct {
 #else
   bool value;
 #endif
-  char *name;
+  const char *name;
 } grpc_tracer_flag;
 
 #ifdef GRPC_THREADSAFE_TRACER
diff --git a/src/core/lib/http/httpcli.c b/src/core/lib/http/httpcli.c
index 84cc39604c..db995943a9 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/http/httpcli.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/http/httpcli.c
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ static void next_address(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, internal_request *req,
   GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&req->connected, on_connected, req,
                     grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx);
   grpc_arg arg = grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create(
-      GRPC_ARG_RESOURCE_QUOTA, req->resource_quota,
+      (char *)GRPC_ARG_RESOURCE_QUOTA, req->resource_quota,
       grpc_resource_quota_arg_vtable());
   grpc_channel_args args = {1, &arg};
   grpc_tcp_client_connect(exec_ctx, &req->connected, &req->ep,
diff --git a/src/core/lib/http/httpcli_security_connector.c b/src/core/lib/http/httpcli_security_connector.c
index 97c2886525..c553fa3981 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/http/httpcli_security_connector.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/http/httpcli_security_connector.c
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ static void httpcli_ssl_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   grpc_httpcli_ssl_channel_security_connector *c =
       (grpc_httpcli_ssl_channel_security_connector *)sc;
   if (c->handshaker_factory != NULL) {
-    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_destroy(c->handshaker_factory);
+    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_unref(c->handshaker_factory);
+    c->handshaker_factory = NULL;
   }
   if (c->secure_peer_name != NULL) gpr_free(c->secure_peer_name);
   gpr_free(sc);
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/closure.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/closure.c
index 7236e23cf7..00edefc6ae 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/closure.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/closure.c
@@ -167,7 +167,14 @@ void grpc_closure_sched(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_closure *c,
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_closure_sched", 0);
   if (c != NULL) {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-    GPR_ASSERT(!c->scheduled);
+    if (c->scheduled) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+              "Closure already scheduled. (closure: %p, created: [%s:%d], "
+              "previously scheduled at: [%s: %d] run?: %s",
+              c, c->file_created, c->line_created, c->file_initiated,
+              c->line_initiated, c->run ? "true" : "false");
+      abort();
+    }
     c->scheduled = true;
     c->file_initiated = file;
     c->line_initiated = line;
@@ -191,7 +198,14 @@ void grpc_closure_list_sched(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_closure_list *list) {
   while (c != NULL) {
     grpc_closure *next = c->next_data.next;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-    GPR_ASSERT(!c->scheduled);
+    if (c->scheduled) {
+      gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
+              "Closure already scheduled. (closure: %p, created: [%s:%d], "
+              "previously scheduled at: [%s: %d] run?: %s",
+              c, c->file_created, c->line_created, c->file_initiated,
+              c->line_initiated, c->run ? "true" : "false");
+      abort();
+    }
     c->scheduled = true;
     c->file_initiated = file;
     c->line_initiated = line;
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.c
index d5e00a8f64..aa05501537 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/error.c
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ static char *key_time(grpc_error_times which) {
 
 static char *fmt_time(gpr_timespec tm) {
   char *out;
-  char *pfx = "!!";
+  const char *pfx = "!!";
   switch (tm.clock_type) {
     case GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC:
       pfx = "@monotonic:";
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epoll1_linux.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epoll1_linux.c
index 6946a2cbf5..3ac12ab56f 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epoll1_linux.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epoll1_linux.c
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ static void fd_global_shutdown(void);
  * Pollset Declarations
  */
 
-typedef enum { UNKICKED, KICKED, DESIGNATED_POLLER } kick_state_t;
+typedef enum { UNKICKED, KICKED, DESIGNATED_POLLER } kick_state;
 
-static const char *kick_state_string(kick_state_t st) {
+static const char *kick_state_string(kick_state st) {
   switch (st) {
     case UNKICKED:
       return "UNKICKED";
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ static const char *kick_state_string(kick_state_t st) {
 }
 
 struct grpc_pollset_worker {
-  kick_state_t kick_state;
+  kick_state state;
   int kick_state_mutator;  // which line of code last changed kick state
   bool initialized_cv;
   grpc_pollset_worker *next;
@@ -154,9 +154,9 @@ struct grpc_pollset_worker {
   grpc_closure_list schedule_on_end_work;
 };
 
-#define SET_KICK_STATE(worker, state)        \
+#define SET_KICK_STATE(worker, kick_state)   \
   do {                                       \
-    (worker)->kick_state = (state);          \
+    (worker)->state = (kick_state);          \
     (worker)->kick_state_mutator = __LINE__; \
   } while (false)
 
@@ -280,8 +280,9 @@ static grpc_fd *fd_create(int fd, const char *name) {
 #endif
   gpr_free(fd_name);
 
-  struct epoll_event ev = {.events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLIN | EPOLLOUT | EPOLLET),
-                           .data.ptr = new_fd};
+  struct epoll_event ev;
+  ev.events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLIN | EPOLLOUT | EPOLLET);
+  ev.data.ptr = new_fd;
   if (epoll_ctl(g_epoll_set.epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev) != 0) {
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "epoll_ctl failed: %s", strerror(errno));
   }
@@ -435,8 +436,9 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_global_init(void) {
   global_wakeup_fd.read_fd = -1;
   grpc_error *err = grpc_wakeup_fd_init(&global_wakeup_fd);
   if (err != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) return err;
-  struct epoll_event ev = {.events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLIN | EPOLLET),
-                           .data.ptr = &global_wakeup_fd};
+  struct epoll_event ev;
+  ev.events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLIN | EPOLLET);
+  ev.data.ptr = &global_wakeup_fd;
   if (epoll_ctl(g_epoll_set.epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, global_wakeup_fd.read_fd,
                 &ev) != 0) {
     return GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, "epoll_ctl");
@@ -502,22 +504,27 @@ static void pollset_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset) {
   gpr_mu_destroy(&pollset->mu);
 }
 
-static grpc_error *pollset_kick_all(grpc_pollset *pollset) {
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick_all(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                    grpc_pollset *pollset) {
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("pollset_kick_all", 0);
   grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   if (pollset->root_worker != NULL) {
     grpc_pollset_worker *worker = pollset->root_worker;
     do {
-      switch (worker->kick_state) {
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK(exec_ctx);
+      switch (worker->state) {
         case KICKED:
+          GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICKED_AGAIN(exec_ctx);
           break;
         case UNKICKED:
           SET_KICK_STATE(worker, KICKED);
           if (worker->initialized_cv) {
+            GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_CV(exec_ctx);
             gpr_cv_signal(&worker->cv);
           }
           break;
         case DESIGNATED_POLLER:
+          GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_FD(exec_ctx);
           SET_KICK_STATE(worker, KICKED);
           append_error(&error, grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&global_wakeup_fd),
                        "pollset_kick_all");
@@ -550,7 +557,7 @@ static void pollset_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
   GPR_ASSERT(!pollset->shutting_down);
   pollset->shutdown_closure = closure;
   pollset->shutting_down = true;
-  GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_shutdown", pollset_kick_all(pollset));
+  GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_shutdown", pollset_kick_all(exec_ctx, pollset));
   pollset_maybe_finish_shutdown(exec_ctx, pollset);
   GPR_TIMER_END("pollset_shutdown", 0);
 }
@@ -567,7 +574,10 @@ static int poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(gpr_timespec deadline,
   }
 
   static const gpr_timespec round_up = {
-      .clock_type = GPR_TIMESPAN, .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = GPR_NS_PER_MS - 1};
+      0,                 /* tv_sec */
+      GPR_NS_PER_MS - 1, /* tv_nsec */
+      GPR_TIMESPAN       /* clock_type */
+  };
   timeout = gpr_time_sub(deadline, now);
   int millis = gpr_time_to_millis(gpr_time_add(timeout, round_up));
   return millis >= 1 ? millis : 1;
@@ -646,6 +656,8 @@ static grpc_error *do_epoll_wait(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *ps,
 
   if (r < 0) return GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, "epoll_wait");
 
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_POLL_EVENTS_RETURNED(exec_ctx, r);
+
   if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "ps: %p poll got %d events", ps, r);
   }
@@ -688,7 +700,7 @@ static bool begin_worker(grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
     gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->mu);
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "PS:%p BEGIN_REORG:%p kick_state=%s is_reassigning=%d",
-              pollset, worker, kick_state_string(worker->kick_state),
+              pollset, worker, kick_state_string(worker->state),
               is_reassigning);
     }
     if (pollset->seen_inactive) {
@@ -708,12 +720,12 @@ static bool begin_worker(grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
          at this point is if it were "kicked specifically". Since the worker has
          not added itself to the pollset yet (by calling worker_insert()), it is
          not visible in the "kick any" path yet */
-      if (worker->kick_state == UNKICKED) {
+      if (worker->state == UNKICKED) {
         pollset->seen_inactive = false;
         if (neighborhood->active_root == NULL) {
           neighborhood->active_root = pollset->next = pollset->prev = pollset;
           /* Make this the designated poller if there isn't one already */
-          if (worker->kick_state == UNKICKED &&
+          if (worker->state == UNKICKED &&
               gpr_atm_no_barrier_cas(&g_active_poller, 0, (gpr_atm)worker)) {
             SET_KICK_STATE(worker, DESIGNATED_POLLER);
           }
@@ -733,19 +745,19 @@ static bool begin_worker(grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
 
   worker_insert(pollset, worker);
   pollset->begin_refs--;
-  if (worker->kick_state == UNKICKED && !pollset->kicked_without_poller) {
+  if (worker->state == UNKICKED && !pollset->kicked_without_poller) {
     GPR_ASSERT(gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&g_active_poller) != (gpr_atm)worker);
     worker->initialized_cv = true;
     gpr_cv_init(&worker->cv);
-    while (worker->kick_state == UNKICKED && !pollset->shutting_down) {
+    while (worker->state == UNKICKED && !pollset->shutting_down) {
       if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
         gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "PS:%p BEGIN_WAIT:%p kick_state=%s shutdown=%d",
-                pollset, worker, kick_state_string(worker->kick_state),
+                pollset, worker, kick_state_string(worker->state),
                 pollset->shutting_down);
       }
 
       if (gpr_cv_wait(&worker->cv, &pollset->mu, deadline) &&
-          worker->kick_state == UNKICKED) {
+          worker->state == UNKICKED) {
         /* If gpr_cv_wait returns true (i.e a timeout), pretend that the worker
            received a kick */
         SET_KICK_STATE(worker, KICKED);
@@ -758,7 +770,7 @@ static bool begin_worker(grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
             "PS:%p BEGIN_DONE:%p kick_state=%s shutdown=%d "
             "kicked_without_poller: %d",
-            pollset, worker, kick_state_string(worker->kick_state),
+            pollset, worker, kick_state_string(worker->state),
             pollset->shutting_down, pollset->kicked_without_poller);
   }
 
@@ -778,11 +790,11 @@ static bool begin_worker(grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
   }
 
   GPR_TIMER_END("begin_worker", 0);
-  return worker->kick_state == DESIGNATED_POLLER && !pollset->shutting_down;
+  return worker->state == DESIGNATED_POLLER && !pollset->shutting_down;
 }
 
 static bool check_neighborhood_for_available_poller(
-    pollset_neighborhood *neighborhood) {
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, pollset_neighborhood *neighborhood) {
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("check_neighborhood_for_available_poller", 0);
   bool found_worker = false;
   do {
@@ -795,7 +807,7 @@ static bool check_neighborhood_for_available_poller(
     grpc_pollset_worker *inspect_worker = inspect->root_worker;
     if (inspect_worker != NULL) {
       do {
-        switch (inspect_worker->kick_state) {
+        switch (inspect_worker->state) {
           case UNKICKED:
             if (gpr_atm_no_barrier_cas(&g_active_poller, 0,
                                        (gpr_atm)inspect_worker)) {
@@ -806,6 +818,7 @@ static bool check_neighborhood_for_available_poller(
               SET_KICK_STATE(inspect_worker, DESIGNATED_POLLER);
               if (inspect_worker->initialized_cv) {
                 GPR_TIMER_MARK("signal worker", 0);
+                GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_CV(exec_ctx);
                 gpr_cv_signal(&inspect_worker->cv);
               }
             } else {
@@ -858,13 +871,14 @@ static void end_worker(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
   grpc_closure_list_move(&worker->schedule_on_end_work,
                          &exec_ctx->closure_list);
   if (gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&g_active_poller) == (gpr_atm)worker) {
-    if (worker->next != worker && worker->next->kick_state == UNKICKED) {
+    if (worker->next != worker && worker->next->state == UNKICKED) {
       if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
         gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, " .. choose next poller to be peer %p", worker);
       }
       GPR_ASSERT(worker->next->initialized_cv);
       gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&g_active_poller, (gpr_atm)worker->next);
       SET_KICK_STATE(worker->next, DESIGNATED_POLLER);
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_CV(exec_ctx);
       gpr_cv_signal(&worker->next->cv);
       if (grpc_exec_ctx_has_work(exec_ctx)) {
         gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
@@ -883,7 +897,8 @@ static void end_worker(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
             &g_neighborhoods[(poller_neighborhood_idx + i) %
                              g_num_neighborhoods];
         if (gpr_mu_trylock(&neighborhood->mu)) {
-          found_worker = check_neighborhood_for_available_poller(neighborhood);
+          found_worker =
+              check_neighborhood_for_available_poller(exec_ctx, neighborhood);
           gpr_mu_unlock(&neighborhood->mu);
           scan_state[i] = true;
         } else {
@@ -896,7 +911,8 @@ static void end_worker(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
             &g_neighborhoods[(poller_neighborhood_idx + i) %
                              g_num_neighborhoods];
         gpr_mu_lock(&neighborhood->mu);
-        found_worker = check_neighborhood_for_available_poller(neighborhood);
+        found_worker =
+            check_neighborhood_for_available_poller(exec_ctx, neighborhood);
         gpr_mu_unlock(&neighborhood->mu);
       }
       grpc_exec_ctx_flush(exec_ctx);
@@ -978,9 +994,10 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_work(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *ps,
   return error;
 }
 
-static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                                 grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("pollset_kick", 0);
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK(exec_ctx);
   grpc_error *ret_err = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
     gpr_strvec log;
@@ -993,14 +1010,14 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
     gpr_strvec_add(&log, tmp);
     if (pollset->root_worker != NULL) {
       gpr_asprintf(&tmp, " {kick_state=%s next=%p {kick_state=%s}}",
-                   kick_state_string(pollset->root_worker->kick_state),
+                   kick_state_string(pollset->root_worker->state),
                    pollset->root_worker->next,
-                   kick_state_string(pollset->root_worker->next->kick_state));
+                   kick_state_string(pollset->root_worker->next->state));
       gpr_strvec_add(&log, tmp);
     }
     if (specific_worker != NULL) {
       gpr_asprintf(&tmp, " worker_kick_state=%s",
-                   kick_state_string(specific_worker->kick_state));
+                   kick_state_string(specific_worker->state));
       gpr_strvec_add(&log, tmp);
     }
     tmp = gpr_strvec_flatten(&log, NULL);
@@ -1013,6 +1030,7 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
     if (gpr_tls_get(&g_current_thread_pollset) != (intptr_t)pollset) {
       grpc_pollset_worker *root_worker = pollset->root_worker;
       if (root_worker == NULL) {
+        GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICKED_WITHOUT_POLLER(exec_ctx);
         pollset->kicked_without_poller = true;
         if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
           gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, " .. kicked_without_poller");
@@ -1020,13 +1038,15 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
         goto done;
       }
       grpc_pollset_worker *next_worker = root_worker->next;
-      if (root_worker->kick_state == KICKED) {
+      if (root_worker->state == KICKED) {
+        GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICKED_AGAIN(exec_ctx);
         if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
           gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, " .. already kicked %p", root_worker);
         }
         SET_KICK_STATE(root_worker, KICKED);
         goto done;
-      } else if (next_worker->kick_state == KICKED) {
+      } else if (next_worker->state == KICKED) {
+        GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICKED_AGAIN(exec_ctx);
         if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
           gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, " .. already kicked %p", next_worker);
         }
@@ -1037,13 +1057,15 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
                                      // there is no next worker
                  root_worker == (grpc_pollset_worker *)gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(
                                     &g_active_poller)) {
+        GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_FD(exec_ctx);
         if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
           gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, " .. kicked %p", root_worker);
         }
         SET_KICK_STATE(root_worker, KICKED);
         ret_err = grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&global_wakeup_fd);
         goto done;
-      } else if (next_worker->kick_state == UNKICKED) {
+      } else if (next_worker->state == UNKICKED) {
+        GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_CV(exec_ctx);
         if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
           gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, " .. kicked %p", next_worker);
         }
@@ -1051,8 +1073,8 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
         SET_KICK_STATE(next_worker, KICKED);
         gpr_cv_signal(&next_worker->cv);
         goto done;
-      } else if (next_worker->kick_state == DESIGNATED_POLLER) {
-        if (root_worker->kick_state != DESIGNATED_POLLER) {
+      } else if (next_worker->state == DESIGNATED_POLLER) {
+        if (root_worker->state != DESIGNATED_POLLER) {
           if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
             gpr_log(
                 GPR_ERROR,
@@ -1061,10 +1083,12 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
           }
           SET_KICK_STATE(root_worker, KICKED);
           if (root_worker->initialized_cv) {
+            GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_CV(exec_ctx);
             gpr_cv_signal(&root_worker->cv);
           }
           goto done;
         } else {
+          GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_FD(exec_ctx);
           if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
             gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, " .. non-root poller %p (root=%p)", next_worker,
                     root_worker);
@@ -1074,11 +1098,13 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
           goto done;
         }
       } else {
-        GPR_ASSERT(next_worker->kick_state == KICKED);
+        GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICKED_AGAIN(exec_ctx);
+        GPR_ASSERT(next_worker->state == KICKED);
         SET_KICK_STATE(next_worker, KICKED);
         goto done;
       }
     } else {
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_OWN_THREAD(exec_ctx);
       if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
         gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, " .. kicked while waking up");
       }
@@ -1088,13 +1114,14 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
     GPR_UNREACHABLE_CODE(goto done);
   }
 
-  if (specific_worker->kick_state == KICKED) {
+  if (specific_worker->state == KICKED) {
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, " .. specific worker already kicked");
     }
     goto done;
   } else if (gpr_tls_get(&g_current_thread_worker) ==
              (intptr_t)specific_worker) {
+    GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_OWN_THREAD(exec_ctx);
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, " .. mark %p kicked", specific_worker);
     }
@@ -1102,6 +1129,7 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
     goto done;
   } else if (specific_worker ==
              (grpc_pollset_worker *)gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&g_active_poller)) {
+    GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_FD(exec_ctx);
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, " .. kick active poller");
     }
@@ -1109,6 +1137,7 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
     ret_err = grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&global_wakeup_fd);
     goto done;
   } else if (specific_worker->initialized_cv) {
+    GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK_WAKEUP_CV(exec_ctx);
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, " .. kick waiting worker");
     }
@@ -1116,6 +1145,7 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
     gpr_cv_signal(&specific_worker->cv);
     goto done;
   } else {
+    GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICKED_AGAIN(exec_ctx);
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, " .. kick non-waiting worker");
     }
@@ -1172,34 +1202,34 @@ static void shutdown_engine(void) {
 }
 
 static const grpc_event_engine_vtable vtable = {
-    .pollset_size = sizeof(grpc_pollset),
-
-    .fd_create = fd_create,
-    .fd_wrapped_fd = fd_wrapped_fd,
-    .fd_orphan = fd_orphan,
-    .fd_shutdown = fd_shutdown,
-    .fd_is_shutdown = fd_is_shutdown,
-    .fd_notify_on_read = fd_notify_on_read,
-    .fd_notify_on_write = fd_notify_on_write,
-    .fd_get_read_notifier_pollset = fd_get_read_notifier_pollset,
-
-    .pollset_init = pollset_init,
-    .pollset_shutdown = pollset_shutdown,
-    .pollset_destroy = pollset_destroy,
-    .pollset_work = pollset_work,
-    .pollset_kick = pollset_kick,
-    .pollset_add_fd = pollset_add_fd,
-
-    .pollset_set_create = pollset_set_create,
-    .pollset_set_destroy = pollset_set_destroy,
-    .pollset_set_add_pollset = pollset_set_add_pollset,
-    .pollset_set_del_pollset = pollset_set_del_pollset,
-    .pollset_set_add_pollset_set = pollset_set_add_pollset_set,
-    .pollset_set_del_pollset_set = pollset_set_del_pollset_set,
-    .pollset_set_add_fd = pollset_set_add_fd,
-    .pollset_set_del_fd = pollset_set_del_fd,
-
-    .shutdown_engine = shutdown_engine,
+    sizeof(grpc_pollset),
+
+    fd_create,
+    fd_wrapped_fd,
+    fd_orphan,
+    fd_shutdown,
+    fd_notify_on_read,
+    fd_notify_on_write,
+    fd_is_shutdown,
+    fd_get_read_notifier_pollset,
+
+    pollset_init,
+    pollset_shutdown,
+    pollset_destroy,
+    pollset_work,
+    pollset_kick,
+    pollset_add_fd,
+
+    pollset_set_create,
+    pollset_set_destroy,
+    pollset_set_add_pollset,
+    pollset_set_del_pollset,
+    pollset_set_add_pollset_set,
+    pollset_set_del_pollset_set,
+    pollset_set_add_fd,
+    pollset_set_del_fd,
+
+    shutdown_engine,
 };
 
 /* It is possible that GLIBC has epoll but the underlying kernel doesn't.
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epollex_linux.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epollex_linux.c
index df69025f1a..8eb4de44d9 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epollex_linux.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epollex_linux.c
@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ static void pg_join(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, polling_group *pg,
  * pollable Declarations
  */
 
-typedef struct pollable_t {
+typedef struct pollable {
   polling_obj po;
   int epfd;
   grpc_wakeup_fd wakeup;
   grpc_pollset_worker *root_worker;
-} pollable_t;
+} pollable;
 
 static const char *polling_obj_type_string(polling_obj_type t) {
   switch (t) {
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ static const char *polling_obj_type_string(polling_obj_type t) {
   return "<invalid>";
 }
 
-static char *pollable_desc(pollable_t *p) {
+static char *pollable_desc(pollable *p) {
   char *out;
   gpr_asprintf(&out, "type=%s group=%p epfd=%d wakeup=%d",
                polling_obj_type_string(p->po.type), p->po.group, p->epfd,
@@ -130,19 +130,19 @@ static char *pollable_desc(pollable_t *p) {
   return out;
 }
 
-static pollable_t g_empty_pollable;
+static pollable g_empty_pollable;
 
-static void pollable_init(pollable_t *p, polling_obj_type type);
-static void pollable_destroy(pollable_t *p);
+static void pollable_init(pollable *p, polling_obj_type type);
+static void pollable_destroy(pollable *p);
 /* ensure that p->epfd, p->wakeup are initialized; p->po.mu must be held */
-static grpc_error *pollable_materialize(pollable_t *p);
+static grpc_error *pollable_materialize(pollable *p);
 
 /*******************************************************************************
  * Fd Declarations
  */
 
 struct grpc_fd {
-  pollable_t pollable;
+  pollable pollable_obj;
   int fd;
   /* refst format:
        bit 0    : 1=Active / 0=Orphaned
@@ -193,15 +193,15 @@ struct grpc_pollset_worker {
   pollset_worker_link links[POLLSET_WORKER_LINK_COUNT];
   gpr_cv cv;
   grpc_pollset *pollset;
-  pollable_t *pollable;
+  pollable *pollable_obj;
 };
 
 #define MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS 100
 #define MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS_HANDLED_EACH_POLL_CALL 5
 
 struct grpc_pollset {
-  pollable_t pollable;
-  pollable_t *current_pollable;
+  pollable pollable_obj;
+  pollable *current_pollable_obj;
   int kick_alls_pending;
   bool kicked_without_poller;
   grpc_closure *shutdown_closure;
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ static void fd_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, grpc_error *error) {
   grpc_fd *fd = (grpc_fd *)arg;
   /* Add the fd to the freelist */
   grpc_iomgr_unregister_object(&fd->iomgr_object);
-  pollable_destroy(&fd->pollable);
+  pollable_destroy(&fd->pollable_obj);
   gpr_mu_destroy(&fd->orphaned_mu);
   gpr_mu_lock(&fd_freelist_mu);
   fd->freelist_next = fd_freelist;
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ static grpc_fd *fd_create(int fd, const char *name) {
     new_fd = (grpc_fd *)gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_fd));
   }
 
-  pollable_init(&new_fd->pollable, PO_FD);
+  pollable_init(&new_fd->pollable_obj, PO_FD);
 
   gpr_atm_rel_store(&new_fd->refst, (gpr_atm)1);
   new_fd->fd = fd;
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ static void fd_orphan(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
   bool is_fd_closed = already_closed;
   grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
 
-  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->pollable.po.mu);
+  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->pollable_obj.po.mu);
   gpr_mu_lock(&fd->orphaned_mu);
   fd->on_done_closure = on_done;
 
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ static void fd_orphan(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
   GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, fd->on_done_closure, GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
 
   gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->orphaned_mu);
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->pollable.po.mu);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->pollable_obj.po.mu);
   UNREF_BY(exec_ctx, fd, 2, reason); /* Drop the reference */
   GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("fd_orphan", GRPC_ERROR_REF(error));
   GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
@@ -451,13 +451,13 @@ static void fd_notify_on_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
  * Pollable Definitions
  */
 
-static void pollable_init(pollable_t *p, polling_obj_type type) {
+static void pollable_init(pollable *p, polling_obj_type type) {
   po_init(&p->po, type);
   p->root_worker = NULL;
   p->epfd = -1;
 }
 
-static void pollable_destroy(pollable_t *p) {
+static void pollable_destroy(pollable *p) {
   po_destroy(&p->po);
   if (p->epfd != -1) {
     close(p->epfd);
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ static void pollable_destroy(pollable_t *p) {
 }
 
 /* ensure that p->epfd, p->wakeup are initialized; p->po.mu must be held */
-static grpc_error *pollable_materialize(pollable_t *p) {
+static grpc_error *pollable_materialize(pollable *p) {
   if (p->epfd == -1) {
     int new_epfd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
     if (new_epfd < 0) {
@@ -477,8 +477,9 @@ static grpc_error *pollable_materialize(pollable_t *p) {
       close(new_epfd);
       return err;
     }
-    struct epoll_event ev = {.events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLIN | EPOLLET),
-                             .data.ptr = (void *)(1 | (intptr_t)&p->wakeup)};
+    struct epoll_event ev;
+    ev.events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLIN | EPOLLET);
+    ev.data.ptr = (void *)(1 | (intptr_t)&p->wakeup);
     if (epoll_ctl(new_epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, p->wakeup.read_fd, &ev) != 0) {
       err = GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, "epoll_ctl");
       close(new_epfd);
@@ -492,7 +493,7 @@ static grpc_error *pollable_materialize(pollable_t *p) {
 }
 
 /* pollable must be materialized */
-static grpc_error *pollable_add_fd(pollable_t *p, grpc_fd *fd) {
+static grpc_error *pollable_add_fd(pollable *p, grpc_fd *fd) {
   grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   static const char *err_desc = "pollable_add_fd";
   const int epfd = p->epfd;
@@ -507,9 +508,9 @@ static grpc_error *pollable_add_fd(pollable_t *p, grpc_fd *fd) {
     gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->orphaned_mu);
     return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   }
-  struct epoll_event ev_fd = {
-      .events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLET | EPOLLIN | EPOLLOUT | EPOLLEXCLUSIVE),
-      .data.ptr = fd};
+  struct epoll_event ev_fd;
+  ev_fd.events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLET | EPOLLIN | EPOLLOUT | EPOLLEXCLUSIVE);
+  ev_fd.data.ptr = fd;
   if (epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd->fd, &ev_fd) != 0) {
     switch (errno) {
       case EEXIST:
@@ -557,30 +558,34 @@ static void do_kick_all(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
                         grpc_error *error_unused) {
   grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   grpc_pollset *pollset = (grpc_pollset *)arg;
-  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable_obj.po.mu);
   if (pollset->root_worker != NULL) {
     grpc_pollset_worker *worker = pollset->root_worker;
     do {
-      if (worker->pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
-        gpr_mu_lock(&worker->pollable->po.mu);
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK(exec_ctx);
+      if (worker->pollable_obj != &pollset->pollable_obj) {
+        gpr_mu_lock(&worker->pollable_obj->po.mu);
       }
       if (worker->initialized_cv && worker != pollset->root_worker) {
         if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
           gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p kickall_via_cv %p (pollable %p vs %p)",
-                  pollset, worker, &pollset->pollable, worker->pollable);
+                  pollset, worker, &pollset->pollable_obj,
+                  worker->pollable_obj);
         }
         worker->kicked = true;
         gpr_cv_signal(&worker->cv);
       } else {
         if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
           gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p kickall_via_wakeup %p (pollable %p vs %p)",
-                  pollset, worker, &pollset->pollable, worker->pollable);
+                  pollset, worker, &pollset->pollable_obj,
+                  worker->pollable_obj);
         }
-        append_error(&error, grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&worker->pollable->wakeup),
+        append_error(&error,
+                     grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&worker->pollable_obj->wakeup),
                      "pollset_shutdown");
       }
-      if (worker->pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
-        gpr_mu_unlock(&worker->pollable->po.mu);
+      if (worker->pollable_obj != &pollset->pollable_obj) {
+        gpr_mu_unlock(&worker->pollable_obj->po.mu);
       }
 
       worker = worker->links[PWL_POLLSET].next;
@@ -588,7 +593,7 @@ static void do_kick_all(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg,
   }
   pollset->kick_alls_pending--;
   pollset_maybe_finish_shutdown(exec_ctx, pollset);
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable_obj.po.mu);
   GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("kick_all", error);
 }
 
@@ -599,7 +604,7 @@ static void pollset_kick_all(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset) {
                      GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
 }
 
-static grpc_error *pollset_kick_inner(grpc_pollset *pollset, pollable_t *p,
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick_inner(grpc_pollset *pollset, pollable *p,
                                       grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
   if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
@@ -662,26 +667,27 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick_inner(grpc_pollset *pollset, pollable_t *p,
 }
 
 /* p->po.mu must be held before calling this function */
-static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                                 grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
-  pollable_t *p = pollset->current_pollable;
-  if (p != &pollset->pollable) {
+  pollable *p = pollset->current_pollable_obj;
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK(exec_ctx);
+  if (p != &pollset->pollable_obj) {
     gpr_mu_lock(&p->po.mu);
   }
   grpc_error *error = pollset_kick_inner(pollset, p, specific_worker);
-  if (p != &pollset->pollable) {
+  if (p != &pollset->pollable_obj) {
     gpr_mu_unlock(&p->po.mu);
   }
   return error;
 }
 
 static void pollset_init(grpc_pollset *pollset, gpr_mu **mu) {
-  pollable_init(&pollset->pollable, PO_POLLSET);
-  pollset->current_pollable = &g_empty_pollable;
+  pollable_init(&pollset->pollable_obj, PO_POLLSET);
+  pollset->current_pollable_obj = &g_empty_pollable;
   pollset->kicked_without_poller = false;
   pollset->shutdown_closure = NULL;
   pollset->root_worker = NULL;
-  *mu = &pollset->pollable.po.mu;
+  *mu = &pollset->pollable_obj.po.mu;
 }
 
 /* Convert a timespec to milliseconds:
@@ -703,7 +709,10 @@ static int poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(gpr_timespec deadline,
   }
 
   static const gpr_timespec round_up = {
-      .clock_type = GPR_TIMESPAN, .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = GPR_NS_PER_MS - 1};
+      0,                 /* tv_sec */
+      GPR_NS_PER_MS - 1, /* tv_nsec */
+      GPR_TIMESPAN       /* clock_type */
+  };
   timeout = gpr_time_sub(deadline, now);
   int millis = gpr_time_to_millis(gpr_time_add(timeout, round_up));
   return millis >= 1 ? millis : 1;
@@ -729,8 +738,8 @@ static void fd_become_writable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd) {
 static grpc_error *fd_become_pollable_locked(grpc_fd *fd) {
   grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   static const char *err_desc = "fd_become_pollable";
-  if (append_error(&error, pollable_materialize(&fd->pollable), err_desc)) {
-    append_error(&error, pollable_add_fd(&fd->pollable, fd), err_desc);
+  if (append_error(&error, pollable_materialize(&fd->pollable_obj), err_desc)) {
+    append_error(&error, pollable_add_fd(&fd->pollable_obj, fd), err_desc);
   }
   return error;
 }
@@ -744,8 +753,8 @@ static void pollset_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
   pollset_maybe_finish_shutdown(exec_ctx, pollset);
 }
 
-static bool pollset_is_pollable_fd(grpc_pollset *pollset, pollable_t *p) {
-  return p != &g_empty_pollable && p != &pollset->pollable;
+static bool pollset_is_pollable_fd(grpc_pollset *pollset, pollable *p) {
+  return p != &g_empty_pollable && p != &pollset->pollable_obj;
 }
 
 static grpc_error *pollset_process_events(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -791,9 +800,9 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_process_events(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
 /* pollset_shutdown is guaranteed to be called before pollset_destroy. */
 static void pollset_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset) {
-  pollable_destroy(&pollset->pollable);
-  if (pollset_is_pollable_fd(pollset, pollset->current_pollable)) {
-    UNREF_BY(exec_ctx, (grpc_fd *)pollset->current_pollable, 2,
+  pollable_destroy(&pollset->pollable_obj);
+  if (pollset_is_pollable_fd(pollset, pollset->current_pollable_obj)) {
+    UNREF_BY(exec_ctx, (grpc_fd *)pollset->current_pollable_obj, 2,
              "pollset_pollable");
   }
   GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_process_events",
@@ -801,7 +810,7 @@ static void pollset_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset) {
 }
 
 static grpc_error *pollset_epoll(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
-                                 pollable_t *p, gpr_timespec now,
+                                 pollable *p, gpr_timespec now,
                                  gpr_timespec deadline) {
   int timeout = poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(deadline, now);
 
@@ -883,68 +892,69 @@ static bool begin_worker(grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
   worker->initialized_cv = false;
   worker->kicked = false;
   worker->pollset = pollset;
-  worker->pollable = pollset->current_pollable;
+  worker->pollable_obj = pollset->current_pollable_obj;
 
-  if (pollset_is_pollable_fd(pollset, worker->pollable)) {
-    REF_BY((grpc_fd *)worker->pollable, 2, "one_poll");
+  if (pollset_is_pollable_fd(pollset, worker->pollable_obj)) {
+    REF_BY((grpc_fd *)worker->pollable_obj, 2, "one_poll");
   }
 
   worker_insert(&pollset->root_worker, PWL_POLLSET, worker);
-  if (!worker_insert(&worker->pollable->root_worker, PWL_POLLABLE, worker)) {
+  if (!worker_insert(&worker->pollable_obj->root_worker, PWL_POLLABLE,
+                     worker)) {
     worker->initialized_cv = true;
     gpr_cv_init(&worker->cv);
-    if (worker->pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
-      gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+    if (worker->pollable_obj != &pollset->pollable_obj) {
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable_obj.po.mu);
     }
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace) &&
-        worker->pollable->root_worker != worker) {
+        worker->pollable_obj->root_worker != worker) {
       gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p wait %p w=%p for %dms", pollset,
-              worker->pollable, worker,
+              worker->pollable_obj, worker,
               poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(deadline, *now));
     }
-    while (do_poll && worker->pollable->root_worker != worker) {
-      if (gpr_cv_wait(&worker->cv, &worker->pollable->po.mu, deadline)) {
+    while (do_poll && worker->pollable_obj->root_worker != worker) {
+      if (gpr_cv_wait(&worker->cv, &worker->pollable_obj->po.mu, deadline)) {
         if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
           gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p timeout_wait %p w=%p", pollset,
-                  worker->pollable, worker);
+                  worker->pollable_obj, worker);
         }
         do_poll = false;
       } else if (worker->kicked) {
         if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
-          gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p wakeup %p w=%p", pollset, worker->pollable,
-                  worker);
+          gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p wakeup %p w=%p", pollset,
+                  worker->pollable_obj, worker);
         }
         do_poll = false;
       } else if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace) &&
-                 worker->pollable->root_worker != worker) {
+                 worker->pollable_obj->root_worker != worker) {
         gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p spurious_wakeup %p w=%p", pollset,
-                worker->pollable, worker);
+                worker->pollable_obj, worker);
       }
     }
-    if (worker->pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
-      gpr_mu_unlock(&worker->pollable->po.mu);
-      gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
-      gpr_mu_lock(&worker->pollable->po.mu);
+    if (worker->pollable_obj != &pollset->pollable_obj) {
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&worker->pollable_obj->po.mu);
+      gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable_obj.po.mu);
+      gpr_mu_lock(&worker->pollable_obj->po.mu);
     }
     *now = gpr_now(now->clock_type);
   }
 
   return do_poll && pollset->shutdown_closure == NULL &&
-         pollset->current_pollable == worker->pollable;
+         pollset->current_pollable_obj == worker->pollable_obj;
 }
 
 static void end_worker(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                        grpc_pollset_worker *worker,
                        grpc_pollset_worker **worker_hdl) {
   if (NEW_ROOT ==
-      worker_remove(&worker->pollable->root_worker, PWL_POLLABLE, worker)) {
-    gpr_cv_signal(&worker->pollable->root_worker->cv);
+      worker_remove(&worker->pollable_obj->root_worker, PWL_POLLABLE, worker)) {
+    gpr_cv_signal(&worker->pollable_obj->root_worker->cv);
   }
   if (worker->initialized_cv) {
     gpr_cv_destroy(&worker->cv);
   }
-  if (pollset_is_pollable_fd(pollset, worker->pollable)) {
-    UNREF_BY(exec_ctx, (grpc_fd *)worker->pollable, 2, "one_poll");
+  if (pollset_is_pollable_fd(pollset, worker->pollable_obj)) {
+    UNREF_BY(exec_ctx, (grpc_fd *)worker->pollable_obj, 2, "one_poll");
   }
   if (EMPTIED == worker_remove(&pollset->root_worker, PWL_POLLSET, worker)) {
     pollset_maybe_finish_shutdown(exec_ctx, pollset);
@@ -972,41 +982,41 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_work(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
     pollset->kicked_without_poller = false;
     return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
   }
-  if (pollset->current_pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
-    gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->current_pollable->po.mu);
+  if (pollset->current_pollable_obj != &pollset->pollable_obj) {
+    gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->current_pollable_obj->po.mu);
   }
   if (begin_worker(pollset, &worker, worker_hdl, &now, deadline)) {
     gpr_tls_set(&g_current_thread_pollset, (intptr_t)pollset);
     gpr_tls_set(&g_current_thread_worker, (intptr_t)&worker);
     GPR_ASSERT(!pollset->shutdown_closure);
-    append_error(&error, pollable_materialize(worker.pollable), err_desc);
-    if (worker.pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
-      gpr_mu_unlock(&worker.pollable->po.mu);
+    append_error(&error, pollable_materialize(worker.pollable_obj), err_desc);
+    if (worker.pollable_obj != &pollset->pollable_obj) {
+      gpr_mu_unlock(&worker.pollable_obj->po.mu);
     }
-    gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable_obj.po.mu);
     if (pollset->event_cursor == pollset->event_count) {
-      append_error(&error, pollset_epoll(exec_ctx, pollset, worker.pollable,
+      append_error(&error, pollset_epoll(exec_ctx, pollset, worker.pollable_obj,
                                          now, deadline),
                    err_desc);
     }
     append_error(&error, pollset_process_events(exec_ctx, pollset, false),
                  err_desc);
-    gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
-    if (worker.pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
-      gpr_mu_lock(&worker.pollable->po.mu);
+    gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable_obj.po.mu);
+    if (worker.pollable_obj != &pollset->pollable_obj) {
+      gpr_mu_lock(&worker.pollable_obj->po.mu);
     }
     gpr_tls_set(&g_current_thread_pollset, 0);
     gpr_tls_set(&g_current_thread_worker, 0);
     pollset_maybe_finish_shutdown(exec_ctx, pollset);
   }
   end_worker(exec_ctx, pollset, &worker, worker_hdl);
-  if (worker.pollable != &pollset->pollable) {
-    gpr_mu_unlock(&worker.pollable->po.mu);
+  if (worker.pollable_obj != &pollset->pollable_obj) {
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&worker.pollable_obj->po.mu);
   }
   if (grpc_exec_ctx_has_work(exec_ctx)) {
-    gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+    gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable_obj.po.mu);
     grpc_exec_ctx_flush(exec_ctx);
-    gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+    gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable_obj.po.mu);
   }
   return error;
 }
@@ -1023,27 +1033,27 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_add_fd_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                          bool fd_locked) {
   static const char *err_desc = "pollset_add_fd";
   grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
-  if (pollset->current_pollable == &g_empty_pollable) {
+  if (pollset->current_pollable_obj == &g_empty_pollable) {
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
               "PS:%p add fd %p; transition pollable from empty to fd", pollset,
               fd);
     }
-    /* empty pollable --> single fd pollable_t */
+    /* empty pollable --> single fd pollable */
     pollset_kick_all(exec_ctx, pollset);
-    pollset->current_pollable = &fd->pollable;
-    if (!fd_locked) gpr_mu_lock(&fd->pollable.po.mu);
+    pollset->current_pollable_obj = &fd->pollable_obj;
+    if (!fd_locked) gpr_mu_lock(&fd->pollable_obj.po.mu);
     append_error(&error, fd_become_pollable_locked(fd), err_desc);
-    if (!fd_locked) gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->pollable.po.mu);
+    if (!fd_locked) gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->pollable_obj.po.mu);
     REF_BY(fd, 2, "pollset_pollable");
-  } else if (pollset->current_pollable == &pollset->pollable) {
+  } else if (pollset->current_pollable_obj == &pollset->pollable_obj) {
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "PS:%p add fd %p; already multipolling", pollset, fd);
     }
-    append_error(&error, pollable_add_fd(pollset->current_pollable, fd),
+    append_error(&error, pollable_add_fd(pollset->current_pollable_obj, fd),
                  err_desc);
-  } else if (pollset->current_pollable != &fd->pollable) {
-    grpc_fd *had_fd = (grpc_fd *)pollset->current_pollable;
+  } else if (pollset->current_pollable_obj != &fd->pollable_obj) {
+    grpc_fd *had_fd = (grpc_fd *)pollset->current_pollable_obj;
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_polling_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG,
               "PS:%p add fd %p; transition pollable from fd %p to multipoller",
@@ -1055,11 +1065,11 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_add_fd_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     grpc_lfev_set_ready(exec_ctx, &had_fd->read_closure, "read");
     grpc_lfev_set_ready(exec_ctx, &had_fd->write_closure, "write");
     pollset_kick_all(exec_ctx, pollset);
-    pollset->current_pollable = &pollset->pollable;
-    if (append_error(&error, pollable_materialize(&pollset->pollable),
+    pollset->current_pollable_obj = &pollset->pollable_obj;
+    if (append_error(&error, pollable_materialize(&pollset->pollable_obj),
                      err_desc)) {
-      pollable_add_fd(&pollset->pollable, had_fd);
-      pollable_add_fd(&pollset->pollable, fd);
+      pollable_add_fd(&pollset->pollable_obj, had_fd);
+      pollable_add_fd(&pollset->pollable_obj, fd);
     }
     GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx,
                        GRPC_CLOSURE_CREATE(unref_fd_no_longer_poller, had_fd,
@@ -1071,9 +1081,9 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_add_fd_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
 static void pollset_add_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                            grpc_fd *fd) {
-  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->pollable_obj.po.mu);
   grpc_error *error = pollset_add_fd_locked(exec_ctx, pollset, fd, false);
-  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable.po.mu);
+  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->pollable_obj.po.mu);
   GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_add_fd", error);
 }
 
@@ -1095,7 +1105,7 @@ static void pollset_set_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
 static void pollset_set_add_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset_set *pss,
                                grpc_fd *fd) {
-  po_join(exec_ctx, &pss->po, &fd->pollable.po);
+  po_join(exec_ctx, &pss->po, &fd->pollable_obj.po);
 }
 
 static void pollset_set_del_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset_set *pss,
@@ -1103,7 +1113,7 @@ static void pollset_set_del_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset_set *pss,
 
 static void pollset_set_add_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                     grpc_pollset_set *pss, grpc_pollset *ps) {
-  po_join(exec_ctx, &pss->po, &ps->pollable.po);
+  po_join(exec_ctx, &pss->po, &ps->pollable_obj.po);
 }
 
 static void pollset_set_del_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -1386,34 +1396,34 @@ static void shutdown_engine(void) {
 }
 
 static const grpc_event_engine_vtable vtable = {
-    .pollset_size = sizeof(grpc_pollset),
-
-    .fd_create = fd_create,
-    .fd_wrapped_fd = fd_wrapped_fd,
-    .fd_orphan = fd_orphan,
-    .fd_shutdown = fd_shutdown,
-    .fd_is_shutdown = fd_is_shutdown,
-    .fd_notify_on_read = fd_notify_on_read,
-    .fd_notify_on_write = fd_notify_on_write,
-    .fd_get_read_notifier_pollset = fd_get_read_notifier_pollset,
-
-    .pollset_init = pollset_init,
-    .pollset_shutdown = pollset_shutdown,
-    .pollset_destroy = pollset_destroy,
-    .pollset_work = pollset_work,
-    .pollset_kick = pollset_kick,
-    .pollset_add_fd = pollset_add_fd,
-
-    .pollset_set_create = pollset_set_create,
-    .pollset_set_destroy = pollset_set_destroy,
-    .pollset_set_add_pollset = pollset_set_add_pollset,
-    .pollset_set_del_pollset = pollset_set_del_pollset,
-    .pollset_set_add_pollset_set = pollset_set_add_pollset_set,
-    .pollset_set_del_pollset_set = pollset_set_del_pollset_set,
-    .pollset_set_add_fd = pollset_set_add_fd,
-    .pollset_set_del_fd = pollset_set_del_fd,
-
-    .shutdown_engine = shutdown_engine,
+    sizeof(grpc_pollset),
+
+    fd_create,
+    fd_wrapped_fd,
+    fd_orphan,
+    fd_shutdown,
+    fd_notify_on_read,
+    fd_notify_on_write,
+    fd_is_shutdown,
+    fd_get_read_notifier_pollset,
+
+    pollset_init,
+    pollset_shutdown,
+    pollset_destroy,
+    pollset_work,
+    pollset_kick,
+    pollset_add_fd,
+
+    pollset_set_create,
+    pollset_set_destroy,
+    pollset_set_add_pollset,
+    pollset_set_del_pollset,
+    pollset_set_add_pollset_set,
+    pollset_set_del_pollset_set,
+    pollset_set_add_fd,
+    pollset_set_del_fd,
+
+    shutdown_engine,
 };
 
 const grpc_event_engine_vtable *grpc_init_epollex_linux(
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epollsig_linux.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epollsig_linux.c
index b88c3ba111..4d8bdf1401 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epollsig_linux.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epollsig_linux.c
@@ -1021,10 +1021,11 @@ static void push_front_worker(grpc_pollset *p, grpc_pollset_worker *worker) {
 }
 
 /* p->mu must be held before calling this function */
-static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *p,
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *p,
                                 grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("pollset_kick", 0);
   grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK(exec_ctx);
   const char *err_desc = "Kick Failure";
   grpc_pollset_worker *worker = specific_worker;
   if (worker != NULL) {
@@ -1132,7 +1133,8 @@ static void fd_become_writable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd) {
 }
 
 static void pollset_release_polling_island(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
-                                           grpc_pollset *ps, char *reason) {
+                                           grpc_pollset *ps,
+                                           const char *reason) {
   if (ps->po.pi != NULL) {
     PI_UNREF(exec_ctx, ps->po.pi, reason);
   }
@@ -1158,7 +1160,7 @@ static void pollset_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
   GPR_ASSERT(!pollset->shutting_down);
   pollset->shutting_down = true;
   pollset->shutdown_done = closure;
-  pollset_kick(pollset, GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST);
+  pollset_kick(exec_ctx, pollset, GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST);
 
   /* If the pollset has any workers, we cannot call finish_shutdown_locked()
      because it would release the underlying polling island. In such a case, we
@@ -1670,34 +1672,34 @@ static void shutdown_engine(void) {
 }
 
 static const grpc_event_engine_vtable vtable = {
-    .pollset_size = sizeof(grpc_pollset),
-
-    .fd_create = fd_create,
-    .fd_wrapped_fd = fd_wrapped_fd,
-    .fd_orphan = fd_orphan,
-    .fd_shutdown = fd_shutdown,
-    .fd_is_shutdown = fd_is_shutdown,
-    .fd_notify_on_read = fd_notify_on_read,
-    .fd_notify_on_write = fd_notify_on_write,
-    .fd_get_read_notifier_pollset = fd_get_read_notifier_pollset,
-
-    .pollset_init = pollset_init,
-    .pollset_shutdown = pollset_shutdown,
-    .pollset_destroy = pollset_destroy,
-    .pollset_work = pollset_work,
-    .pollset_kick = pollset_kick,
-    .pollset_add_fd = pollset_add_fd,
-
-    .pollset_set_create = pollset_set_create,
-    .pollset_set_destroy = pollset_set_destroy,
-    .pollset_set_add_pollset = pollset_set_add_pollset,
-    .pollset_set_del_pollset = pollset_set_del_pollset,
-    .pollset_set_add_pollset_set = pollset_set_add_pollset_set,
-    .pollset_set_del_pollset_set = pollset_set_del_pollset_set,
-    .pollset_set_add_fd = pollset_set_add_fd,
-    .pollset_set_del_fd = pollset_set_del_fd,
-
-    .shutdown_engine = shutdown_engine,
+    sizeof(grpc_pollset),
+
+    fd_create,
+    fd_wrapped_fd,
+    fd_orphan,
+    fd_shutdown,
+    fd_notify_on_read,
+    fd_notify_on_write,
+    fd_is_shutdown,
+    fd_get_read_notifier_pollset,
+
+    pollset_init,
+    pollset_shutdown,
+    pollset_destroy,
+    pollset_work,
+    pollset_kick,
+    pollset_add_fd,
+
+    pollset_set_create,
+    pollset_set_destroy,
+    pollset_set_add_pollset,
+    pollset_set_del_pollset,
+    pollset_set_add_pollset_set,
+    pollset_set_del_pollset_set,
+    pollset_set_add_fd,
+    pollset_set_del_fd,
+
+    shutdown_engine,
 };
 
 /* It is possible that GLIBC has epoll but the underlying kernel doesn't.
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_poll_posix.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_poll_posix.c
index 7f44eda138..e170702dca 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_poll_posix.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_poll_posix.c
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ static int poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(gpr_timespec deadline,
 #define GRPC_POLLSET_REEVALUATE_POLLING_ON_WAKEUP 2
 /* As per pollset_kick, with an extended set of flags (defined above)
    -- mostly for fd_posix's use. */
-static grpc_error *pollset_kick_ext(grpc_pollset *p,
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick_ext(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *p,
                                     grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker,
                                     uint32_t flags) GRPC_MUST_USE_RESULT;
 
@@ -365,36 +365,39 @@ static grpc_pollset *fd_get_read_notifier_pollset(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   return notifier;
 }
 
-static grpc_error *pollset_kick_locked(grpc_fd_watcher *watcher) {
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                       grpc_fd_watcher *watcher) {
   gpr_mu_lock(&watcher->pollset->mu);
   GPR_ASSERT(watcher->worker);
-  grpc_error *err = pollset_kick_ext(watcher->pollset, watcher->worker,
-                                     GRPC_POLLSET_REEVALUATE_POLLING_ON_WAKEUP);
+  grpc_error *err =
+      pollset_kick_ext(exec_ctx, watcher->pollset, watcher->worker,
+                       GRPC_POLLSET_REEVALUATE_POLLING_ON_WAKEUP);
   gpr_mu_unlock(&watcher->pollset->mu);
   return err;
 }
 
-static void maybe_wake_one_watcher_locked(grpc_fd *fd) {
+static void maybe_wake_one_watcher_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
+                                          grpc_fd *fd) {
   if (fd->inactive_watcher_root.next != &fd->inactive_watcher_root) {
-    pollset_kick_locked(fd->inactive_watcher_root.next);
+    pollset_kick_locked(exec_ctx, fd->inactive_watcher_root.next);
   } else if (fd->read_watcher) {
-    pollset_kick_locked(fd->read_watcher);
+    pollset_kick_locked(exec_ctx, fd->read_watcher);
   } else if (fd->write_watcher) {
-    pollset_kick_locked(fd->write_watcher);
+    pollset_kick_locked(exec_ctx, fd->write_watcher);
   }
 }
 
-static void wake_all_watchers_locked(grpc_fd *fd) {
+static void wake_all_watchers_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd) {
   grpc_fd_watcher *watcher;
   for (watcher = fd->inactive_watcher_root.next;
        watcher != &fd->inactive_watcher_root; watcher = watcher->next) {
-    pollset_kick_locked(watcher);
+    pollset_kick_locked(exec_ctx, watcher);
   }
   if (fd->read_watcher) {
-    pollset_kick_locked(fd->read_watcher);
+    pollset_kick_locked(exec_ctx, fd->read_watcher);
   }
   if (fd->write_watcher && fd->write_watcher != fd->read_watcher) {
-    pollset_kick_locked(fd->write_watcher);
+    pollset_kick_locked(exec_ctx, fd->write_watcher);
   }
 }
 
@@ -435,7 +438,7 @@ static void fd_orphan(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
   if (!has_watchers(fd)) {
     close_fd_locked(exec_ctx, fd);
   } else {
-    wake_all_watchers_locked(fd);
+    wake_all_watchers_locked(exec_ctx, fd);
   }
   gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
   UNREF_BY(fd, 2, reason); /* drop the reference */
@@ -479,7 +482,7 @@ static void notify_on_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
     /* already ready ==> queue the closure to run immediately */
     *st = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
     GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, closure, fd_shutdown_error(fd));
-    maybe_wake_one_watcher_locked(fd);
+    maybe_wake_one_watcher_locked(exec_ctx, fd);
   } else {
     /* upcallptr was set to a different closure.  This is an error! */
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
@@ -648,7 +651,7 @@ static void fd_end_poll(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd_watcher *watcher,
     }
   }
   if (kick) {
-    maybe_wake_one_watcher_locked(fd);
+    maybe_wake_one_watcher_locked(exec_ctx, fd);
   }
   if (fd_is_orphaned(fd) && !has_watchers(fd) && !fd->closed) {
     close_fd_locked(exec_ctx, fd);
@@ -712,11 +715,12 @@ static void kick_append_error(grpc_error **composite, grpc_error *error) {
   *composite = grpc_error_add_child(*composite, error);
 }
 
-static grpc_error *pollset_kick_ext(grpc_pollset *p,
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick_ext(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *p,
                                     grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker,
                                     uint32_t flags) {
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("pollset_kick_ext", 0);
   grpc_error *error = GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_POLLSET_KICK(exec_ctx);
 
   /* pollset->mu already held */
   if (specific_worker != NULL) {
@@ -782,9 +786,9 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_kick_ext(grpc_pollset *p,
   return error;
 }
 
-static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *p,
+static grpc_error *pollset_kick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *p,
                                 grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
-  return pollset_kick_ext(p, specific_worker, 0);
+  return pollset_kick_ext(exec_ctx, p, specific_worker, 0);
 }
 
 /* global state management */
@@ -847,7 +851,7 @@ static void pollset_add_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
   }
   pollset->fds[pollset->fd_count++] = fd;
   GRPC_FD_REF(fd, "multipoller");
-  pollset_kick(pollset, NULL);
+  pollset_kick(exec_ctx, pollset, NULL);
 exit:
   gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
 }
@@ -1083,7 +1087,7 @@ static grpc_error *pollset_work(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
   /* check shutdown conditions */
   if (pollset->shutting_down) {
     if (pollset_has_workers(pollset)) {
-      pollset_kick(pollset, NULL);
+      pollset_kick(exec_ctx, pollset, NULL);
     } else if (!pollset->called_shutdown && !pollset_has_observers(pollset)) {
       pollset->called_shutdown = 1;
       gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
@@ -1112,7 +1116,7 @@ static void pollset_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
   GPR_ASSERT(!pollset->shutting_down);
   pollset->shutting_down = 1;
   pollset->shutdown_done = closure;
-  pollset_kick(pollset, GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST);
+  pollset_kick(exec_ctx, pollset, GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST);
   if (!pollset_has_workers(pollset)) {
     GRPC_CLOSURE_LIST_SCHED(exec_ctx, &pollset->idle_jobs);
   }
@@ -1688,34 +1692,34 @@ static void shutdown_engine(void) {
 }
 
 static const grpc_event_engine_vtable vtable = {
-    .pollset_size = sizeof(grpc_pollset),
-
-    .fd_create = fd_create,
-    .fd_wrapped_fd = fd_wrapped_fd,
-    .fd_orphan = fd_orphan,
-    .fd_shutdown = fd_shutdown,
-    .fd_is_shutdown = fd_is_shutdown,
-    .fd_notify_on_read = fd_notify_on_read,
-    .fd_notify_on_write = fd_notify_on_write,
-    .fd_get_read_notifier_pollset = fd_get_read_notifier_pollset,
-
-    .pollset_init = pollset_init,
-    .pollset_shutdown = pollset_shutdown,
-    .pollset_destroy = pollset_destroy,
-    .pollset_work = pollset_work,
-    .pollset_kick = pollset_kick,
-    .pollset_add_fd = pollset_add_fd,
-
-    .pollset_set_create = pollset_set_create,
-    .pollset_set_destroy = pollset_set_destroy,
-    .pollset_set_add_pollset = pollset_set_add_pollset,
-    .pollset_set_del_pollset = pollset_set_del_pollset,
-    .pollset_set_add_pollset_set = pollset_set_add_pollset_set,
-    .pollset_set_del_pollset_set = pollset_set_del_pollset_set,
-    .pollset_set_add_fd = pollset_set_add_fd,
-    .pollset_set_del_fd = pollset_set_del_fd,
-
-    .shutdown_engine = shutdown_engine,
+    sizeof(grpc_pollset),
+
+    fd_create,
+    fd_wrapped_fd,
+    fd_orphan,
+    fd_shutdown,
+    fd_notify_on_read,
+    fd_notify_on_write,
+    fd_is_shutdown,
+    fd_get_read_notifier_pollset,
+
+    pollset_init,
+    pollset_shutdown,
+    pollset_destroy,
+    pollset_work,
+    pollset_kick,
+    pollset_add_fd,
+
+    pollset_set_create,
+    pollset_set_destroy,
+    pollset_set_add_pollset,
+    pollset_set_del_pollset,
+    pollset_set_add_pollset_set,
+    pollset_set_del_pollset_set,
+    pollset_set_add_fd,
+    pollset_set_del_fd,
+
+    shutdown_engine,
 };
 
 const grpc_event_engine_vtable *grpc_init_poll_posix(bool explicit_request) {
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.c
index d881e2d4dd..4d3ae2228e 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.c
@@ -210,9 +210,9 @@ grpc_error *grpc_pollset_work(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
   return g_event_engine->pollset_work(exec_ctx, pollset, worker, now, deadline);
 }
 
-grpc_error *grpc_pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
+grpc_error *grpc_pollset_kick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                               grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
-  return g_event_engine->pollset_kick(pollset, specific_worker);
+  return g_event_engine->pollset_kick(exec_ctx, pollset, specific_worker);
 }
 
 void grpc_pollset_add_fd(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.h b/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.h
index 1108e46ef8..1ff2ff1413 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.h
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ typedef struct grpc_event_engine_vtable {
   grpc_error *(*pollset_work)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                               grpc_pollset_worker **worker, gpr_timespec now,
                               gpr_timespec deadline);
-  grpc_error *(*pollset_kick)(grpc_pollset *pollset,
+  grpc_error *(*pollset_kick)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                               grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker);
   void (*pollset_add_fd)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                          struct grpc_fd *fd);
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/executor.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/executor.c
index 892385d7d7..2439f15a8a 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/executor.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/executor.c
@@ -32,16 +32,14 @@
 #include "src/core/lib/iomgr/exec_ctx.h"
 #include "src/core/lib/support/spinlock.h"
 
-#define MAX_DEPTH 2
-
 typedef struct {
   gpr_mu mu;
   gpr_cv cv;
   grpc_closure_list elems;
-  size_t depth;
   bool shutdown;
   bool queued_long_job;
   gpr_thd_id id;
+  grpc_closure_list local_elems;
 } thread_state;
 
 static thread_state *g_thread_state;
@@ -56,32 +54,35 @@ static grpc_tracer_flag executor_trace =
 
 static void executor_thread(void *arg);
 
-static size_t run_closures(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_closure_list list) {
-  size_t n = 0;
+static void run_closures(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_closure_list *list) {
+  int n = 0;  // number of closures executed
 
-  grpc_closure *c = list.head;
-  while (c != NULL) {
-    grpc_closure *next = c->next_data.next;
-    grpc_error *error = c->error_data.error;
-    if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(executor_trace)) {
+  while (!grpc_closure_list_empty(*list)) {
+    grpc_closure *c = list->head;
+    grpc_closure_list_init(list);
+    while (c != NULL) {
+      grpc_closure *next = c->next_data.next;
+      grpc_error *error = c->error_data.error;
+      if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(executor_trace)) {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "EXECUTOR: run %p [created by %s:%d]", c,
-              c->file_created, c->line_created);
+        gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "EXECUTOR: run %p [created by %s:%d]", c,
+                c->file_created, c->line_created);
 #else
-      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "EXECUTOR: run %p", c);
+        gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "EXECUTOR: run %p", c);
 #endif
-    }
+      }
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-    c->scheduled = false;
+      c->scheduled = false;
 #endif
-    c->cb(exec_ctx, c->cb_arg, error);
-    GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
-    c = next;
-    n++;
-    grpc_exec_ctx_flush(exec_ctx);
+      n++;
+      c->cb(exec_ctx, c->cb_arg, error);
+      GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error);
+      c = next;
+      grpc_exec_ctx_flush(exec_ctx);
+    }
   }
 
-  return n;
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_EXECUTOR_CLOSURES_PER_WAKEUP(exec_ctx, n);
 }
 
 bool grpc_executor_is_threaded() {
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ void grpc_executor_set_threading(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, bool threading) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < g_max_threads; i++) {
       gpr_mu_destroy(&g_thread_state[i].mu);
       gpr_cv_destroy(&g_thread_state[i].cv);
-      run_closures(exec_ctx, g_thread_state[i].elems);
+      run_closures(exec_ctx, &g_thread_state[i].elems);
     }
     gpr_free(g_thread_state);
     gpr_tls_destroy(&g_this_thread_state);
@@ -150,14 +151,14 @@ static void executor_thread(void *arg) {
   grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx =
       GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INITIALIZER(0, grpc_never_ready_to_finish, NULL);
 
-  size_t subtract_depth = 0;
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_EXECUTOR_THREADS_CREATED(&exec_ctx);
+
+  bool used = false;
   for (;;) {
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(executor_trace)) {
-      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "EXECUTOR[%d]: step (sub_depth=%" PRIdPTR ")",
-              (int)(ts - g_thread_state), subtract_depth);
+      gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "EXECUTOR[%d]: step", (int)(ts - g_thread_state));
     }
     gpr_mu_lock(&ts->mu);
-    ts->depth -= subtract_depth;
     while (grpc_closure_list_empty(ts->elems) && !ts->shutdown) {
       ts->queued_long_job = false;
       gpr_cv_wait(&ts->cv, &ts->mu, gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME));
@@ -170,15 +171,20 @@ static void executor_thread(void *arg) {
       gpr_mu_unlock(&ts->mu);
       break;
     }
+    if (!used) {
+      GRPC_STATS_INC_EXECUTOR_THREADS_USED(&exec_ctx);
+      used = true;
+    }
     GRPC_STATS_INC_EXECUTOR_QUEUE_DRAINED(&exec_ctx);
-    grpc_closure_list exec = ts->elems;
+    GPR_ASSERT(grpc_closure_list_empty(ts->local_elems));
+    ts->local_elems = ts->elems;
     ts->elems = (grpc_closure_list)GRPC_CLOSURE_LIST_INIT;
     gpr_mu_unlock(&ts->mu);
     if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(executor_trace)) {
       gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "EXECUTOR[%d]: execute", (int)(ts - g_thread_state));
     }
 
-    subtract_depth = run_closures(&exec_ctx, exec);
+    run_closures(&exec_ctx, &ts->local_elems);
   }
   grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
 }
@@ -211,6 +217,10 @@ static void executor_push(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_closure *closure,
       ts = &g_thread_state[GPR_HASH_POINTER(exec_ctx, cur_thread_count)];
     } else {
       GRPC_STATS_INC_EXECUTOR_SCHEDULED_TO_SELF(exec_ctx);
+      if (is_short) {
+        grpc_closure_list_append(&ts->local_elems, closure, error);
+        return;
+      }
     }
     thread_state *orig_ts = ts;
 
@@ -250,8 +260,7 @@ static void executor_push(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_closure *closure,
         gpr_cv_signal(&ts->cv);
       }
       grpc_closure_list_append(&ts->elems, closure, error);
-      ts->depth++;
-      try_new_thread = ts->depth > MAX_DEPTH &&
+      try_new_thread = ts->elems.head != closure &&
                        cur_thread_count < g_max_threads && !ts->shutdown;
       if (!is_short) ts->queued_long_job = true;
       gpr_mu_unlock(&ts->mu);
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr.c
index 1feea6d628..f63f190155 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ void grpc_iomgr_init(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx) {
   grpc_executor_init(exec_ctx);
   grpc_timer_list_init(gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC));
   g_root_object.next = g_root_object.prev = &g_root_object;
-  g_root_object.name = "root";
+  g_root_object.name = (char *)"root";
   grpc_network_status_init();
   grpc_iomgr_platform_init();
 }
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/is_epollexclusive_available.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/is_epollexclusive_available.c
index e8a7d4d52c..d08844c0df 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/is_epollexclusive_available.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/is_epollexclusive_available.c
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ bool grpc_is_epollexclusive_available(void) {
     close(fd);
     return false;
   }
-  struct epoll_event ev = {
-      /* choose events that should cause an error on
-         EPOLLEXCLUSIVE enabled kernels - specifically the combination of
-         EPOLLONESHOT and EPOLLEXCLUSIVE */
-      .events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLET | EPOLLIN | EPOLLEXCLUSIVE | EPOLLONESHOT),
-      .data.ptr = NULL};
+  struct epoll_event ev;
+  /* choose events that should cause an error on
+     EPOLLEXCLUSIVE enabled kernels - specifically the combination of
+     EPOLLONESHOT and EPOLLEXCLUSIVE */
+  ev.events = (uint32_t)(EPOLLET | EPOLLIN | EPOLLEXCLUSIVE | EPOLLONESHOT);
+  ev.data.ptr = NULL;
   if (epoll_ctl(fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, evfd, &ev) != 0) {
     if (errno != EINVAL) {
       if (!logged_why_not) {
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset.h b/src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset.h
index a609a3877a..a0f6b3a9d3 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset.h
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset.h
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ grpc_error *grpc_pollset_work(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
 
 /* Break one polling thread out of polling work for this pollset.
    If specific_worker is non-NULL, then kick that worker. */
-grpc_error *grpc_pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
+grpc_error *grpc_pollset_kick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                               grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker)
     GRPC_MUST_USE_RESULT;
 
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset_uv.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset_uv.c
index a79fe89d3e..2651325e25 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset_uv.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset_uv.c
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ grpc_error *grpc_pollset_work(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
   return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
 }
 
-grpc_error *grpc_pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *pollset,
+grpc_error *grpc_pollset_kick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                               grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
   GRPC_UV_ASSERT_SAME_THREAD();
   uv_timer_start(dummy_uv_handle, dummy_timer_cb, 0, 0);
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset_windows.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset_windows.c
index ea017a6054..eb295d3eeb 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset_windows.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset_windows.c
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ void grpc_pollset_init(grpc_pollset *pollset, gpr_mu **mu) {
 void grpc_pollset_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                            grpc_closure *closure) {
   pollset->shutting_down = 1;
-  grpc_pollset_kick(pollset, GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST);
+  grpc_pollset_kick(exec_ctx, pollset, GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST);
   if (!pollset->is_iocp_worker) {
     GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, closure, GRPC_ERROR_NONE);
   } else {
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ done:
   return GRPC_ERROR_NONE;
 }
 
-grpc_error *grpc_pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *p,
+grpc_error *grpc_pollset_kick(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *p,
                               grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
   if (specific_worker != NULL) {
     if (specific_worker == GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST) {
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ grpc_error *grpc_pollset_kick(grpc_pollset *p,
     specific_worker =
         pop_front_worker(&p->root_worker, GRPC_POLLSET_WORKER_LINK_POLLSET);
     if (specific_worker != NULL) {
-      grpc_pollset_kick(p, specific_worker);
+      grpc_pollset_kick(exec_ctx, p, specific_worker);
     } else if (p->is_iocp_worker) {
       grpc_iocp_kick();
     } else {
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/resolve_address_posix.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/resolve_address_posix.c
index 082e3b7947..60cfeebd47 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/resolve_address_posix.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/resolve_address_posix.c
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ static grpc_error *blocking_resolve_address_impl(
 
   if (s != 0) {
     /* Retry if well-known service name is recognized */
-    char *svc[][2] = {{"http", "80"}, {"https", "443"}};
+    const char *svc[][2] = {{"http", "80"}, {"https", "443"}};
     for (i = 0; i < GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(svc); i++) {
       if (strcmp(port, svc[i][0]) == 0) {
         GRPC_SCHEDULING_START_BLOCKING_REGION;
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/resource_quota.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/resource_quota.c
index 4d69986fbc..4895e0d1c9 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/resource_quota.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/resource_quota.c
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include <grpc/slice_buffer.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
 #include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_factory_posix.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_factory_posix.c
index c81566575e..8e907703ae 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_factory_posix.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_factory_posix.c
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ static const grpc_arg_pointer_vtable socket_factory_arg_vtable = {
     socket_factory_arg_copy, socket_factory_arg_destroy, socket_factory_cmp};
 
 grpc_arg grpc_socket_factory_to_arg(grpc_socket_factory *factory) {
-  return grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create(GRPC_ARG_SOCKET_FACTORY, factory,
-                                         &socket_factory_arg_vtable);
+  return grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create((char *)GRPC_ARG_SOCKET_FACTORY,
+                                         factory, &socket_factory_arg_vtable);
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_mutator.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_mutator.c
index 300ac75b38..b0435d5a07 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_mutator.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/socket_mutator.c
@@ -76,6 +76,6 @@ static const grpc_arg_pointer_vtable socket_mutator_arg_vtable = {
     socket_mutator_arg_copy, socket_mutator_arg_destroy, socket_mutator_cmp};
 
 grpc_arg grpc_socket_mutator_to_arg(grpc_socket_mutator *mutator) {
-  return grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create(GRPC_ARG_SOCKET_MUTATOR, mutator,
-                                         &socket_mutator_arg_vtable);
+  return grpc_channel_arg_pointer_create((char *)GRPC_ARG_SOCKET_MUTATOR,
+                                         mutator, &socket_mutator_arg_vtable);
 }
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/tcp_server_posix.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/tcp_server_posix.c
index c3ec3e447a..06612d639c 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/tcp_server_posix.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/tcp_server_posix.c
@@ -198,12 +198,12 @@ static void tcp_server_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_tcp_server *s) {
 /* event manager callback when reads are ready */
 static void on_read(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, grpc_error *err) {
   grpc_tcp_listener *sp = (grpc_tcp_listener *)arg;
-
+  grpc_pollset *read_notifier_pollset;
   if (err != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
     goto error;
   }
 
-  grpc_pollset *read_notifier_pollset =
+  read_notifier_pollset =
       sp->server->pollsets[(size_t)gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(
                                &sp->server->next_pollset_to_assign, 1) %
                            sp->server->pollset_count];
diff --git a/src/core/lib/iomgr/timer_generic.c b/src/core/lib/iomgr/timer_generic.c
index 27656417ec..7449a62885 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/iomgr/timer_generic.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/iomgr/timer_generic.c
@@ -156,10 +156,7 @@ struct shared_mutables {
   gpr_mu mu;
 } GPR_ALIGN_STRUCT(GPR_CACHELINE_SIZE);
 
-static struct shared_mutables g_shared_mutables = {
-    .checker_mu = GPR_SPINLOCK_STATIC_INITIALIZER,
-    .initialized = false,
-};
+static struct shared_mutables g_shared_mutables;
 
 static gpr_clock_type g_clock_type;
 static gpr_timespec g_start_time;
@@ -217,6 +214,7 @@ void grpc_timer_list_init(gpr_timespec now) {
   uint32_t i;
 
   g_shared_mutables.initialized = true;
+  g_shared_mutables.checker_mu = GPR_SPINLOCK_INITIALIZER;
   gpr_mu_init(&g_shared_mutables.mu);
   g_clock_type = now.clock_type;
   g_start_time = now;
diff --git a/src/core/lib/security/credentials/google_default/google_default_credentials.c b/src/core/lib/security/credentials/google_default/google_default_credentials.c
index a2a8e289ee..691d66df69 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/security/credentials/google_default/google_default_credentials.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/security/credentials/google_default/google_default_credentials.c
@@ -79,7 +79,8 @@ static void on_compute_engine_detection_http_response(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   detector->is_done = 1;
   GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR(
       "Pollset kick",
-      grpc_pollset_kick(grpc_polling_entity_pollset(&detector->pollent), NULL));
+      grpc_pollset_kick(exec_ctx,
+                        grpc_polling_entity_pollset(&detector->pollent), NULL));
   gpr_mu_unlock(g_polling_mu);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/lib/security/transport/security_connector.c b/src/core/lib/security/transport/security_connector.c
index a7568b995f..2a9e939d40 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/security/transport/security_connector.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/security/transport/security_connector.c
@@ -455,14 +455,14 @@ grpc_server_security_connector *grpc_fake_server_security_connector_create(
 
 typedef struct {
   grpc_channel_security_connector base;
-  tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory *handshaker_factory;
+  tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory *client_handshaker_factory;
   char *target_name;
   char *overridden_target_name;
 } grpc_ssl_channel_security_connector;
 
 typedef struct {
   grpc_server_security_connector base;
-  tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory *handshaker_factory;
+  tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory *server_handshaker_factory;
 } grpc_ssl_server_security_connector;
 
 static void ssl_channel_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -470,9 +470,8 @@ static void ssl_channel_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   grpc_ssl_channel_security_connector *c =
       (grpc_ssl_channel_security_connector *)sc;
   grpc_call_credentials_unref(exec_ctx, c->base.request_metadata_creds);
-  if (c->handshaker_factory != NULL) {
-    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_destroy(c->handshaker_factory);
-  }
+  tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_unref(c->client_handshaker_factory);
+  c->client_handshaker_factory = NULL;
   if (c->target_name != NULL) gpr_free(c->target_name);
   if (c->overridden_target_name != NULL) gpr_free(c->overridden_target_name);
   gpr_free(sc);
@@ -482,9 +481,8 @@ static void ssl_server_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                grpc_security_connector *sc) {
   grpc_ssl_server_security_connector *c =
       (grpc_ssl_server_security_connector *)sc;
-  if (c->handshaker_factory != NULL) {
-    tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_destroy(c->handshaker_factory);
-  }
+  tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_unref(c->server_handshaker_factory);
+  c->server_handshaker_factory = NULL;
   gpr_free(sc);
 }
 
@@ -496,7 +494,7 @@ static void ssl_channel_add_handshakers(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   // Instantiate TSI handshaker.
   tsi_handshaker *tsi_hs = NULL;
   tsi_result result = tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_create_handshaker(
-      c->handshaker_factory,
+      c->client_handshaker_factory,
       c->overridden_target_name != NULL ? c->overridden_target_name
                                         : c->target_name,
       &tsi_hs);
@@ -521,7 +519,7 @@ static void ssl_server_add_handshakers(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   // Instantiate TSI handshaker.
   tsi_handshaker *tsi_hs = NULL;
   tsi_result result = tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_create_handshaker(
-      c->handshaker_factory, &tsi_hs);
+      c->server_handshaker_factory, &tsi_hs);
   if (result != TSI_OK) {
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Handshaker creation failed with error %s.",
             tsi_result_to_string(result));
@@ -852,7 +850,7 @@ grpc_security_status grpc_ssl_channel_security_connector_create(
   result = tsi_create_ssl_client_handshaker_factory(
       has_key_cert_pair ? &config->pem_key_cert_pair : NULL, pem_root_certs,
       ssl_cipher_suites(), alpn_protocol_strings, (uint16_t)num_alpn_protocols,
-      &c->handshaker_factory);
+      &c->client_handshaker_factory);
   if (result != TSI_OK) {
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Handshaker factory creation failed with %s.",
             tsi_result_to_string(result));
@@ -897,7 +895,7 @@ grpc_security_status grpc_ssl_server_security_connector_create(
       config->pem_root_certs, get_tsi_client_certificate_request_type(
                                   config->client_certificate_request),
       ssl_cipher_suites(), alpn_protocol_strings, (uint16_t)num_alpn_protocols,
-      &c->handshaker_factory);
+      &c->server_handshaker_factory);
   if (result != TSI_OK) {
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Handshaker factory creation failed with %s.",
             tsi_result_to_string(result));
diff --git a/src/core/lib/security/transport/security_handshaker.c b/src/core/lib/security/transport/security_handshaker.c
index 975d599523..3d19605617 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/security/transport/security_handshaker.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/security/transport/security_handshaker.c
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ static void on_peer_checked_inner(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   // Create zero-copy frame protector, if implemented.
   tsi_zero_copy_grpc_protector *zero_copy_protector = NULL;
   tsi_result result = tsi_handshaker_result_create_zero_copy_grpc_protector(
-      h->handshaker_result, NULL, &zero_copy_protector);
+      exec_ctx, h->handshaker_result, NULL, &zero_copy_protector);
   if (result != TSI_OK && result != TSI_UNIMPLEMENTED) {
     error = grpc_set_tsi_error_result(
         GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
diff --git a/src/core/lib/support/log_linux.c b/src/core/lib/support/log_linux.c
index 61d2346427..7755018693 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/support/log_linux.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/support/log_linux.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ void gpr_log(const char *file, int line, gpr_log_severity severity,
 }
 
 void gpr_default_log(gpr_log_func_args *args) {
-  char *final_slash;
+  const char *final_slash;
   char *prefix;
   const char *display_file;
   char time_buffer[64];
diff --git a/src/core/lib/support/string.c b/src/core/lib/support/string.c
index 523e43445b..6b172df82f 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/support/string.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/support/string.c
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ static void add_string_to_split(const char *beg, const char *end, char ***strs,
 
 void gpr_string_split(const char *input, const char *sep, char ***strs,
                       size_t *nstrs) {
-  char *next;
+  const char *next;
   *strs = NULL;
   *nstrs = 0;
   size_t capstrs = 0;
diff --git a/src/core/lib/surface/call.c b/src/core/lib/surface/call.c
index de5aa7b6be..03f47553a1 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/surface/call.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/surface/call.c
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ typedef struct batch_control {
 typedef struct {
   gpr_mu child_list_mu;
   grpc_call *first_child;
-} parent_call_t;
+} parent_call;
 
 typedef struct {
   grpc_call *parent;
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ typedef struct {
       parent->mu */
   grpc_call *sibling_next;
   grpc_call *sibling_prev;
-} child_call_t;
+} child_call;
 
 #define RECV_NONE ((gpr_atm)0)
 #define RECV_INITIAL_METADATA_FIRST ((gpr_atm)1)
@@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ struct grpc_call {
   grpc_polling_entity pollent;
   grpc_channel *channel;
   gpr_timespec start_time;
-  /* parent_call_t* */ gpr_atm parent_call_atm;
-  child_call_t *child_call;
+  /* parent_call* */ gpr_atm parent_call_atm;
+  child_call *child;
 
   /* client or server call */
   bool is_client;
@@ -304,21 +304,21 @@ void *grpc_call_arena_alloc(grpc_call *call, size_t size) {
   return gpr_arena_alloc(call->arena, size);
 }
 
-static parent_call_t *get_or_create_parent_call(grpc_call *call) {
-  parent_call_t *p = (parent_call_t *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&call->parent_call_atm);
+static parent_call *get_or_create_parent_call(grpc_call *call) {
+  parent_call *p = (parent_call *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&call->parent_call_atm);
   if (p == NULL) {
-    p = (parent_call_t *)gpr_arena_alloc(call->arena, sizeof(*p));
+    p = (parent_call *)gpr_arena_alloc(call->arena, sizeof(*p));
     gpr_mu_init(&p->child_list_mu);
     if (!gpr_atm_rel_cas(&call->parent_call_atm, (gpr_atm)NULL, (gpr_atm)p)) {
       gpr_mu_destroy(&p->child_list_mu);
-      p = (parent_call_t *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&call->parent_call_atm);
+      p = (parent_call *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&call->parent_call_atm);
     }
   }
   return p;
 }
 
-static parent_call_t *get_parent_call(grpc_call *call) {
-  return (parent_call_t *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&call->parent_call_atm);
+static parent_call *get_parent_call(grpc_call *call) {
+  return (parent_call *)gpr_atm_acq_load(&call->parent_call_atm);
 }
 
 grpc_error *grpc_call_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
@@ -330,8 +330,9 @@ grpc_error *grpc_call_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
       grpc_channel_get_channel_stack(args->channel);
   grpc_call *call;
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_call_create", 0);
-  gpr_arena *arena =
-      gpr_arena_create(grpc_channel_get_call_size_estimate(args->channel));
+  size_t initial_size = grpc_channel_get_call_size_estimate(args->channel);
+  GRPC_STATS_INC_CALL_INITIAL_SIZE(exec_ctx, initial_size);
+  gpr_arena *arena = gpr_arena_create(initial_size);
   call = (grpc_call *)gpr_arena_alloc(
       arena, sizeof(grpc_call) + channel_stack->call_stack_size);
   gpr_ref_init(&call->ext_ref, 1);
@@ -377,24 +378,24 @@ grpc_error *grpc_call_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
   bool immediately_cancel = false;
 
-  if (args->parent_call != NULL) {
-    child_call_t *cc = call->child_call =
-        (child_call_t *)gpr_arena_alloc(arena, sizeof(child_call_t));
-    call->child_call->parent = args->parent_call;
+  if (args->parent != NULL) {
+    child_call *cc = call->child =
+        (child_call *)gpr_arena_alloc(arena, sizeof(child_call));
+    call->child->parent = args->parent;
 
-    GRPC_CALL_INTERNAL_REF(args->parent_call, "child");
+    GRPC_CALL_INTERNAL_REF(args->parent, "child");
     GPR_ASSERT(call->is_client);
-    GPR_ASSERT(!args->parent_call->is_client);
+    GPR_ASSERT(!args->parent->is_client);
 
-    parent_call_t *pc = get_or_create_parent_call(args->parent_call);
+    parent_call *pc = get_or_create_parent_call(args->parent);
 
     gpr_mu_lock(&pc->child_list_mu);
 
     if (args->propagation_mask & GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEADLINE) {
       send_deadline = gpr_time_min(
           gpr_convert_clock_type(send_deadline,
-                                 args->parent_call->send_deadline.clock_type),
-          args->parent_call->send_deadline);
+                                 args->parent->send_deadline.clock_type),
+          args->parent->send_deadline);
     }
     /* for now GRPC_PROPAGATE_TRACING_CONTEXT *MUST* be passed with
      * GRPC_PROPAGATE_STATS_CONTEXT */
@@ -406,9 +407,9 @@ grpc_error *grpc_call_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
                                    "Census tracing propagation requested "
                                    "without Census context propagation"));
       }
-      grpc_call_context_set(
-          call, GRPC_CONTEXT_TRACING,
-          args->parent_call->context[GRPC_CONTEXT_TRACING].value, NULL);
+      grpc_call_context_set(call, GRPC_CONTEXT_TRACING,
+                            args->parent->context[GRPC_CONTEXT_TRACING].value,
+                            NULL);
     } else if (args->propagation_mask & GRPC_PROPAGATE_CENSUS_STATS_CONTEXT) {
       add_init_error(&error, GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING(
                                  "Census context propagation requested "
@@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ grpc_error *grpc_call_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     }
     if (args->propagation_mask & GRPC_PROPAGATE_CANCELLATION) {
       call->cancellation_is_inherited = 1;
-      if (gpr_atm_acq_load(&args->parent_call->received_final_op_atm)) {
+      if (gpr_atm_acq_load(&args->parent->received_final_op_atm)) {
         immediately_cancel = true;
       }
     }
@@ -426,9 +427,9 @@ grpc_error *grpc_call_create(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
       cc->sibling_next = cc->sibling_prev = call;
     } else {
       cc->sibling_next = pc->first_child;
-      cc->sibling_prev = pc->first_child->child_call->sibling_prev;
-      cc->sibling_next->child_call->sibling_prev =
-          cc->sibling_prev->child_call->sibling_next = call;
+      cc->sibling_prev = pc->first_child->child->sibling_prev;
+      cc->sibling_next->child->sibling_prev =
+          cc->sibling_prev->child->sibling_next = call;
     }
 
     gpr_mu_unlock(&pc->child_list_mu);
@@ -533,7 +534,7 @@ static void destroy_call(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *call,
   if (c->receiving_stream != NULL) {
     grpc_byte_stream_destroy(exec_ctx, c->receiving_stream);
   }
-  parent_call_t *pc = get_parent_call(c);
+  parent_call *pc = get_parent_call(c);
   if (pc != NULL) {
     gpr_mu_destroy(&pc->child_list_mu);
   }
@@ -570,14 +571,14 @@ void grpc_call_ref(grpc_call *c) { gpr_ref(&c->ext_ref); }
 void grpc_call_unref(grpc_call *c) {
   if (!gpr_unref(&c->ext_ref)) return;
 
-  child_call_t *cc = c->child_call;
+  child_call *cc = c->child;
   grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
 
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_call_unref", 0);
   GRPC_API_TRACE("grpc_call_unref(c=%p)", 1, (c));
 
   if (cc) {
-    parent_call_t *pc = get_parent_call(cc->parent);
+    parent_call *pc = get_parent_call(cc->parent);
     gpr_mu_lock(&pc->child_list_mu);
     if (c == pc->first_child) {
       pc->first_child = cc->sibling_next;
@@ -585,8 +586,8 @@ void grpc_call_unref(grpc_call *c) {
         pc->first_child = NULL;
       }
     }
-    cc->sibling_prev->child_call->sibling_next = cc->sibling_next;
-    cc->sibling_next->child_call->sibling_prev = cc->sibling_prev;
+    cc->sibling_prev->child->sibling_next = cc->sibling_next;
+    cc->sibling_next->child->sibling_prev = cc->sibling_prev;
     gpr_mu_unlock(&pc->child_list_mu);
     GRPC_CALL_INTERNAL_UNREF(&exec_ctx, cc->parent, "child");
   }
@@ -1309,14 +1310,14 @@ static void post_batch_completion(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 
     /* propagate cancellation to any interested children */
     gpr_atm_rel_store(&call->received_final_op_atm, 1);
-    parent_call_t *pc = get_parent_call(call);
+    parent_call *pc = get_parent_call(call);
     if (pc != NULL) {
       grpc_call *child;
       gpr_mu_lock(&pc->child_list_mu);
       child = pc->first_child;
       if (child != NULL) {
         do {
-          next_child_call = child->child_call->sibling_next;
+          next_child_call = child->child->sibling_next;
           if (child->cancellation_is_inherited) {
             GRPC_CALL_INTERNAL_REF(child, "propagate_cancel");
             cancel_with_error(exec_ctx, child, STATUS_FROM_API_OVERRIDE,
@@ -1511,7 +1512,7 @@ static void validate_filtered_metadata(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     } else if (grpc_compression_options_is_stream_compression_algorithm_enabled(
                    &compression_options, algo) == 0) {
       /* check if algorithm is supported by current channel config */
-      char *algo_name = NULL;
+      const char *algo_name = NULL;
       grpc_stream_compression_algorithm_name(algo, &algo_name);
       gpr_asprintf(&error_msg, "Stream compression algorithm '%s' is disabled.",
                    algo_name);
@@ -1525,7 +1526,7 @@ static void validate_filtered_metadata(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     if (!GPR_BITGET(call->stream_encodings_accepted_by_peer,
                     call->incoming_stream_compression_algorithm)) {
       if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_compression_trace)) {
-        char *algo_name = NULL;
+        const char *algo_name = NULL;
         grpc_stream_compression_algorithm_name(
             call->incoming_stream_compression_algorithm, &algo_name);
         gpr_log(
@@ -1552,7 +1553,7 @@ static void validate_filtered_metadata(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     } else if (grpc_compression_options_is_algorithm_enabled(
                    &compression_options, algo) == 0) {
       /* check if algorithm is supported by current channel config */
-      char *algo_name = NULL;
+      const char *algo_name = NULL;
       grpc_compression_algorithm_name(algo, &algo_name);
       gpr_asprintf(&error_msg, "Compression algorithm '%s' is disabled.",
                    algo_name);
@@ -1568,7 +1569,7 @@ static void validate_filtered_metadata(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     if (!GPR_BITGET(call->encodings_accepted_by_peer,
                     call->incoming_compression_algorithm)) {
       if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_compression_trace)) {
-        char *algo_name = NULL;
+        const char *algo_name = NULL;
         grpc_compression_algorithm_name(call->incoming_compression_algorithm,
                                         &algo_name);
         gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
@@ -1673,6 +1674,8 @@ static grpc_call_error call_start_batch(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   batch_control *bctl;
   int num_completion_callbacks_needed = 1;
   grpc_call_error error = GRPC_CALL_OK;
+  grpc_transport_stream_op_batch *stream_op;
+  grpc_transport_stream_op_batch_payload *stream_op_payload;
 
   GPR_TIMER_BEGIN("grpc_call_start_batch", 0);
   GRPC_CALL_LOG_BATCH(GPR_INFO, call, ops, nops, notify_tag);
@@ -1699,9 +1702,8 @@ static grpc_call_error call_start_batch(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   bctl->completion_data.notify_tag.is_closure =
       (uint8_t)(is_notify_tag_closure != 0);
 
-  grpc_transport_stream_op_batch *stream_op = &bctl->op;
-  grpc_transport_stream_op_batch_payload *stream_op_payload =
-      &call->stream_op_payload;
+  stream_op = &bctl->op;
+  stream_op_payload = &call->stream_op_payload;
 
   /* rewrite batch ops into a transport op */
   for (i = 0; i < nops; i++) {
@@ -1711,7 +1713,7 @@ static grpc_call_error call_start_batch(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
       goto done_with_error;
     }
     switch (op->op) {
-      case GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA:
+      case GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA: {
         /* Flag validation: currently allow no flags */
         if (!are_initial_metadata_flags_valid(op->flags, call->is_client)) {
           error = GRPC_CALL_ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS;
@@ -1805,7 +1807,8 @@ static grpc_call_error call_start_batch(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
               &call->peer_string;
         }
         break;
-      case GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE:
+      }
+      case GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE: {
         if (!are_write_flags_valid(op->flags)) {
           error = GRPC_CALL_ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS;
           goto done_with_error;
@@ -1834,7 +1837,8 @@ static grpc_call_error call_start_batch(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
         stream_op_payload->send_message.send_message =
             &call->sending_stream.base;
         break;
-      case GRPC_OP_SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT:
+      }
+      case GRPC_OP_SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT: {
         /* Flag validation: currently allow no flags */
         if (op->flags != 0) {
           error = GRPC_CALL_ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS;
@@ -1853,7 +1857,8 @@ static grpc_call_error call_start_batch(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
         stream_op_payload->send_trailing_metadata.send_trailing_metadata =
             &call->metadata_batch[0 /* is_receiving */][1 /* is_trailing */];
         break;
-      case GRPC_OP_SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER:
+      }
+      case GRPC_OP_SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER: {
         /* Flag validation: currently allow no flags */
         if (op->flags != 0) {
           error = GRPC_CALL_ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS;
@@ -1915,7 +1920,8 @@ static grpc_call_error call_start_batch(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
         stream_op_payload->send_trailing_metadata.send_trailing_metadata =
             &call->metadata_batch[0 /* is_receiving */][1 /* is_trailing */];
         break;
-      case GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA:
+      }
+      case GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA: {
         /* Flag validation: currently allow no flags */
         if (op->flags != 0) {
           error = GRPC_CALL_ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS;
@@ -1942,7 +1948,8 @@ static grpc_call_error call_start_batch(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
         }
         num_completion_callbacks_needed++;
         break;
-      case GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE:
+      }
+      case GRPC_OP_RECV_MESSAGE: {
         /* Flag validation: currently allow no flags */
         if (op->flags != 0) {
           error = GRPC_CALL_ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS;
@@ -1963,7 +1970,8 @@ static grpc_call_error call_start_batch(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
             &call->receiving_stream_ready;
         num_completion_callbacks_needed++;
         break;
-      case GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
+      }
+      case GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT: {
         /* Flag validation: currently allow no flags */
         if (op->flags != 0) {
           error = GRPC_CALL_ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS;
@@ -1990,7 +1998,8 @@ static grpc_call_error call_start_batch(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
         stream_op_payload->collect_stats.collect_stats =
             &call->final_info.stats.transport_stream_stats;
         break;
-      case GRPC_OP_RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER:
+      }
+      case GRPC_OP_RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER: {
         /* Flag validation: currently allow no flags */
         if (op->flags != 0) {
           error = GRPC_CALL_ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS;
@@ -2014,6 +2023,7 @@ static grpc_call_error call_start_batch(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
         stream_op_payload->collect_stats.collect_stats =
             &call->final_info.stats.transport_stream_stats;
         break;
+      }
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/core/lib/surface/call.h b/src/core/lib/surface/call.h
index d537637cbb..c680139cf6 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/surface/call.h
+++ b/src/core/lib/surface/call.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ typedef void (*grpc_ioreq_completion_func)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 typedef struct grpc_call_create_args {
   grpc_channel *channel;
 
-  grpc_call *parent_call;
+  grpc_call *parent;
   uint32_t propagation_mask;
 
   grpc_completion_queue *cq;
diff --git a/src/core/lib/surface/channel.c b/src/core/lib/surface/channel.c
index 2f9b677c85..48962e5e45 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/surface/channel.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/surface/channel.c
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ static grpc_call *grpc_channel_create_call_internal(
   grpc_call_create_args args;
   memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
   args.channel = channel;
-  args.parent_call = parent_call;
+  args.parent = parent_call;
   args.propagation_mask = propagation_mask;
   args.cq = cq;
   args.pollset_set_alternative = pollset_set_alternative;
diff --git a/src/core/lib/surface/completion_queue.c b/src/core/lib/surface/completion_queue.c
index 6452f0894d..fed66e3a20 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/surface/completion_queue.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/surface/completion_queue.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ typedef struct {
   bool can_listen;
   size_t (*size)(void);
   void (*init)(grpc_pollset *pollset, gpr_mu **mu);
-  grpc_error *(*kick)(grpc_pollset *pollset,
+  grpc_error *(*kick)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                       grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker);
   grpc_error *(*work)(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                       grpc_pollset_worker **worker, gpr_timespec now,
@@ -131,7 +131,8 @@ static grpc_error *non_polling_poller_work(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
 }
 
 static grpc_error *non_polling_poller_kick(
-    grpc_pollset *pollset, grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_pollset *pollset,
+    grpc_pollset_worker *specific_worker) {
   non_polling_poller *p = (non_polling_poller *)pollset;
   if (specific_worker == NULL) specific_worker = (grpc_pollset_worker *)p->root;
   if (specific_worker != NULL) {
@@ -328,25 +329,12 @@ static void cq_destroy_pluck(void *data);
 /* Completion queue vtables based on the completion-type */
 static const cq_vtable g_cq_vtable[] = {
     /* GRPC_CQ_NEXT */
-    {.data_size = sizeof(cq_next_data),
-     .cq_completion_type = GRPC_CQ_NEXT,
-     .init = cq_init_next,
-     .shutdown = cq_shutdown_next,
-     .destroy = cq_destroy_next,
-     .begin_op = cq_begin_op_for_next,
-     .end_op = cq_end_op_for_next,
-     .next = cq_next,
-     .pluck = NULL},
+    {GRPC_CQ_NEXT, sizeof(cq_next_data), cq_init_next, cq_shutdown_next,
+     cq_destroy_next, cq_begin_op_for_next, cq_end_op_for_next, cq_next, NULL},
     /* GRPC_CQ_PLUCK */
-    {.data_size = sizeof(cq_pluck_data),
-     .cq_completion_type = GRPC_CQ_PLUCK,
-     .init = cq_init_pluck,
-     .shutdown = cq_shutdown_pluck,
-     .destroy = cq_destroy_pluck,
-     .begin_op = cq_begin_op_for_pluck,
-     .end_op = cq_end_op_for_pluck,
-     .next = NULL,
-     .pluck = cq_pluck},
+    {GRPC_CQ_PLUCK, sizeof(cq_pluck_data), cq_init_pluck, cq_shutdown_pluck,
+     cq_destroy_pluck, cq_begin_op_for_pluck, cq_end_op_for_pluck, NULL,
+     cq_pluck},
 };
 
 #define DATA_FROM_CQ(cq) ((void *)(cq + 1))
@@ -565,13 +553,13 @@ static void cq_check_tag(grpc_completion_queue *cq, void *tag, bool lock_cq) {}
  * true if the increment was successful; false if the counter is zero */
 static bool atm_inc_if_nonzero(gpr_atm *counter) {
   while (true) {
-    gpr_atm count = gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(counter);
+    gpr_atm count = gpr_atm_acq_load(counter);
     /* If zero, we are done. If not, we must to a CAS (instead of an atomic
      * increment) to maintain the contract: do not increment the counter if it
      * is zero. */
     if (count == 0) {
       return false;
-    } else if (gpr_atm_no_barrier_cas(counter, count, count + 1)) {
+    } else if (gpr_atm_full_cas(counter, count, count + 1)) {
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -643,15 +631,19 @@ static void cq_end_op_for_next(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
   /* Add the completion to the queue */
   bool is_first = cq_event_queue_push(&cqd->queue, storage);
   gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&cqd->things_queued_ever, 1);
-  bool will_definitely_shutdown =
-      gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&cqd->pending_events) == 1;
+
+  /* Since we do not hold the cq lock here, it is important to do an 'acquire'
+     load here (instead of a 'no_barrier' load) to match with the release store
+     (done via gpr_atm_full_fetch_add(pending_events, -1)) in cq_shutdown_next
+     */
+  bool will_definitely_shutdown = gpr_atm_acq_load(&cqd->pending_events) == 1;
 
   if (!will_definitely_shutdown) {
     /* Only kick if this is the first item queued */
     if (is_first) {
       gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
       grpc_error *kick_error =
-          cq->poller_vtable->kick(POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), NULL);
+          cq->poller_vtable->kick(exec_ctx, POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), NULL);
       gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
 
       if (kick_error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE) {
@@ -737,7 +729,7 @@ static void cq_end_op_for_pluck(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     }
 
     grpc_error *kick_error =
-        cq->poller_vtable->kick(POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), pluck_worker);
+        cq->poller_vtable->kick(exec_ctx, POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), pluck_worker);
 
     gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
 
@@ -888,7 +880,7 @@ static grpc_event cq_next(grpc_completion_queue *cq, gpr_timespec deadline,
       }
     }
 
-    if (gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&cqd->pending_events) == 0) {
+    if (gpr_atm_acq_load(&cqd->pending_events) == 0) {
       /* Before returning, check if the queue has any items left over (since
          gpr_mpscq_pop() can sometimes return NULL even if the queue is not
          empty. If so, keep retrying but do not return GRPC_QUEUE_SHUTDOWN */
@@ -934,9 +926,9 @@ static grpc_event cq_next(grpc_completion_queue *cq, gpr_timespec deadline,
   }
 
   if (cq_event_queue_num_items(&cqd->queue) > 0 &&
-      gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&cqd->pending_events) > 0) {
+      gpr_atm_acq_load(&cqd->pending_events) > 0) {
     gpr_mu_lock(cq->mu);
-    cq->poller_vtable->kick(POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), NULL);
+    cq->poller_vtable->kick(&exec_ctx, POLLSET_FROM_CQ(cq), NULL);
     gpr_mu_unlock(cq->mu);
   }
 
@@ -985,6 +977,9 @@ static void cq_shutdown_next(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx,
     return;
   }
   cqd->shutdown_called = true;
+  /* Doing a full_fetch_add (i.e acq/release) here to match with
+   * cq_begin_op_for_next and and cq_end_op_for_next functions which read/write
+   * on this counter without necessarily holding a lock on cq */
   if (gpr_atm_full_fetch_add(&cqd->pending_events, -1) == 1) {
     cq_finish_shutdown_next(exec_ctx, cq);
   }
diff --git a/src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.c b/src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.c
index b20d94aeac..472cf888ea 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/transport/static_metadata.c
@@ -216,206 +216,106 @@ grpc_slice_refcount grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[GRPC_STATIC_MDSTR_COUNT] = {
 };
 
 const grpc_slice grpc_static_slice_table[GRPC_STATIC_MDSTR_COUNT] = {
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[0],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 0, 5}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[1],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 5, 7}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[2],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 12, 7}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[3],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 19, 10}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[4],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 29, 7}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[5],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 36, 2}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[6],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 38, 12}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[7],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 50, 11}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[8],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 61, 16}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[9],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 77, 13}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 90, 20}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[11],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 110, 21}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[12],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 131, 13}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[13],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 144, 14}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[14],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 158, 12}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[15],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 170, 16}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[16],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 186, 15}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[17],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 201, 30}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[18],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 231, 37}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[19],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 268, 10}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 278, 4}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[21],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 282, 8}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[22],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 290, 12}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 302, 0}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[24],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 302, 19}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[25],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 321, 12}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[26],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 333, 30}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[27],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 363, 31}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[28],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 394, 36}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[29],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 430, 1}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[30],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 431, 1}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[31],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 432, 1}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[32],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 433, 8}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[33],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 441, 4}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[34],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 445, 7}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[35],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 452, 8}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[36],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 460, 16}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[37],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 476, 4}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[38],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 480, 3}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[39],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 483, 3}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[40],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 486, 4}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[41],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 490, 5}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[42],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 495, 4}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[43],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 499, 3}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[44],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 502, 3}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[45],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 505, 1}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[46],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 506, 11}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[47],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 517, 3}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[48],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 520, 3}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[49],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 523, 3}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[50],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 526, 3}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[51],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 529, 3}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[52],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 532, 14}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[53],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 546, 13}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[54],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 559, 15}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[55],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 574, 13}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[56],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 587, 6}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[57],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 593, 27}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[58],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 620, 3}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[59],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 623, 5}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[60],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 628, 13}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[61],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 641, 13}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[62],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 654, 19}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[63],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 673, 16}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[64],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 689, 14}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[65],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 703, 16}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[66],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 719, 13}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[67],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 732, 6}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[68],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 738, 4}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[69],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 742, 4}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[70],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 746, 6}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[71],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 752, 7}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[72],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 759, 4}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[73],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 763, 8}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[74],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 771, 17}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[75],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 788, 13}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[76],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 801, 8}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[77],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 809, 19}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[78],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 828, 13}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[79],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 841, 11}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[80],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 852, 4}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[81],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 856, 8}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[82],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 864, 12}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[83],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 876, 18}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[84],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 894, 19}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[85],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 913, 5}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[86],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 918, 7}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[87],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 925, 7}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[88],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 932, 11}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[89],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 943, 6}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[90],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 949, 10}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[91],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 959, 25}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[92],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 984, 17}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[93],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1001, 4}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[94],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1005, 3}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[95],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1008, 16}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[96],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1024, 16}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[97],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1040, 13}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[98],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1053, 12}},
-    {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[99],
-     .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 1065, 21}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[0], {{g_bytes + 0, 5}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[1], {{g_bytes + 5, 7}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[2], {{g_bytes + 12, 7}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[3], {{g_bytes + 19, 10}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[4], {{g_bytes + 29, 7}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[5], {{g_bytes + 36, 2}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[6], {{g_bytes + 38, 12}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[7], {{g_bytes + 50, 11}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[8], {{g_bytes + 61, 16}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[9], {{g_bytes + 77, 13}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10], {{g_bytes + 90, 20}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[11], {{g_bytes + 110, 21}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[12], {{g_bytes + 131, 13}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[13], {{g_bytes + 144, 14}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[14], {{g_bytes + 158, 12}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[15], {{g_bytes + 170, 16}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[16], {{g_bytes + 186, 15}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[17], {{g_bytes + 201, 30}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[18], {{g_bytes + 231, 37}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[19], {{g_bytes + 268, 10}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20], {{g_bytes + 278, 4}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[21], {{g_bytes + 282, 8}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[22], {{g_bytes + 290, 12}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[24], {{g_bytes + 302, 19}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[25], {{g_bytes + 321, 12}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[26], {{g_bytes + 333, 30}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[27], {{g_bytes + 363, 31}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[28], {{g_bytes + 394, 36}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[29], {{g_bytes + 430, 1}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[30], {{g_bytes + 431, 1}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[31], {{g_bytes + 432, 1}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[32], {{g_bytes + 433, 8}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[33], {{g_bytes + 441, 4}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[34], {{g_bytes + 445, 7}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[35], {{g_bytes + 452, 8}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[36], {{g_bytes + 460, 16}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[37], {{g_bytes + 476, 4}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[38], {{g_bytes + 480, 3}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[39], {{g_bytes + 483, 3}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[40], {{g_bytes + 486, 4}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[41], {{g_bytes + 490, 5}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[42], {{g_bytes + 495, 4}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[43], {{g_bytes + 499, 3}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[44], {{g_bytes + 502, 3}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[45], {{g_bytes + 505, 1}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[46], {{g_bytes + 506, 11}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[47], {{g_bytes + 517, 3}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[48], {{g_bytes + 520, 3}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[49], {{g_bytes + 523, 3}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[50], {{g_bytes + 526, 3}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[51], {{g_bytes + 529, 3}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[52], {{g_bytes + 532, 14}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[53], {{g_bytes + 546, 13}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[54], {{g_bytes + 559, 15}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[55], {{g_bytes + 574, 13}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[56], {{g_bytes + 587, 6}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[57], {{g_bytes + 593, 27}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[58], {{g_bytes + 620, 3}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[59], {{g_bytes + 623, 5}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[60], {{g_bytes + 628, 13}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[61], {{g_bytes + 641, 13}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[62], {{g_bytes + 654, 19}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[63], {{g_bytes + 673, 16}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[64], {{g_bytes + 689, 14}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[65], {{g_bytes + 703, 16}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[66], {{g_bytes + 719, 13}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[67], {{g_bytes + 732, 6}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[68], {{g_bytes + 738, 4}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[69], {{g_bytes + 742, 4}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[70], {{g_bytes + 746, 6}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[71], {{g_bytes + 752, 7}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[72], {{g_bytes + 759, 4}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[73], {{g_bytes + 763, 8}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[74], {{g_bytes + 771, 17}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[75], {{g_bytes + 788, 13}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[76], {{g_bytes + 801, 8}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[77], {{g_bytes + 809, 19}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[78], {{g_bytes + 828, 13}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[79], {{g_bytes + 841, 11}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[80], {{g_bytes + 852, 4}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[81], {{g_bytes + 856, 8}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[82], {{g_bytes + 864, 12}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[83], {{g_bytes + 876, 18}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[84], {{g_bytes + 894, 19}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[85], {{g_bytes + 913, 5}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[86], {{g_bytes + 918, 7}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[87], {{g_bytes + 925, 7}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[88], {{g_bytes + 932, 11}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[89], {{g_bytes + 943, 6}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[90], {{g_bytes + 949, 10}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[91], {{g_bytes + 959, 25}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[92], {{g_bytes + 984, 17}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[93], {{g_bytes + 1001, 4}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[94], {{g_bytes + 1005, 3}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[95], {{g_bytes + 1008, 16}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[96], {{g_bytes + 1024, 16}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[97], {{g_bytes + 1040, 13}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[98], {{g_bytes + 1053, 12}}},
+    {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[99], {{g_bytes + 1065, 21}}},
 };
 
 uintptr_t grpc_static_mdelem_user_data[GRPC_STATIC_MDELEM_COUNT] = {
@@ -478,350 +378,178 @@ grpc_mdelem grpc_static_mdelem_for_static_strings(int a, int b) {
 }
 
 grpc_mdelem_data grpc_static_mdelem_table[GRPC_STATIC_MDELEM_COUNT] = {
-    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[7],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 50, 11}},
-     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[29],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 430, 1}}},
-    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[7],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 50, 11}},
-     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[30],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 431, 1}}},
-    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[7],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 50, 11}},
-     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[31],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 432, 1}}},
-    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[9],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 77, 13}},
-     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[32],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 433, 8}}},
-    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[9],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 77, 13}},
-     {.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[33],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 441, 4}}},
-    {{.refcount = &grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[9],
-      .data.refcounted = {g_bytes + 77, 13}},
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+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[2], {{g_bytes + 12, 7}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[49], {{g_bytes + 523, 3}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[2], {{g_bytes + 12, 7}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[50], {{g_bytes + 526, 3}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[2], {{g_bytes + 12, 7}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[51], {{g_bytes + 529, 3}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[52], {{g_bytes + 532, 14}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[16], {{g_bytes + 186, 15}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[16], {{g_bytes + 186, 15}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[53], {{g_bytes + 546, 13}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[54], {{g_bytes + 559, 15}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[55], {{g_bytes + 574, 13}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[56], {{g_bytes + 587, 6}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[57], {{g_bytes + 593, 27}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[58], {{g_bytes + 620, 3}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[59], {{g_bytes + 623, 5}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[60], {{g_bytes + 628, 13}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[61], {{g_bytes + 641, 13}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[62], {{g_bytes + 654, 19}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[15], {{g_bytes + 170, 16}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[32], {{g_bytes + 433, 8}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[15], {{g_bytes + 170, 16}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[33], {{g_bytes + 441, 4}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[15], {{g_bytes + 170, 16}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[63], {{g_bytes + 673, 16}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[64], {{g_bytes + 689, 14}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[65], {{g_bytes + 703, 16}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[66], {{g_bytes + 719, 13}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[14], {{g_bytes + 158, 12}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[67], {{g_bytes + 732, 6}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[68], {{g_bytes + 738, 4}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[69], {{g_bytes + 742, 4}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[70], {{g_bytes + 746, 6}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[71], {{g_bytes + 752, 7}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[72], {{g_bytes + 759, 4}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[20], {{g_bytes + 278, 4}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[73], {{g_bytes + 763, 8}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[74], {{g_bytes + 771, 17}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[75], {{g_bytes + 788, 13}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[76], {{g_bytes + 801, 8}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[77], {{g_bytes + 809, 19}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[78], {{g_bytes + 828, 13}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[21], {{g_bytes + 282, 8}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[79], {{g_bytes + 841, 11}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[80], {{g_bytes + 852, 4}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[81], {{g_bytes + 856, 8}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[82], {{g_bytes + 864, 12}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[83], {{g_bytes + 876, 18}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[84], {{g_bytes + 894, 19}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[85], {{g_bytes + 913, 5}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[86], {{g_bytes + 918, 7}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[87], {{g_bytes + 925, 7}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[88], {{g_bytes + 932, 11}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[89], {{g_bytes + 943, 6}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[90], {{g_bytes + 949, 10}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[91], {{g_bytes + 959, 25}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[92], {{g_bytes + 984, 17}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[19], {{g_bytes + 268, 10}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[93], {{g_bytes + 1001, 4}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[94], {{g_bytes + 1005, 3}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[95], {{g_bytes + 1008, 16}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[23], {{g_bytes + 302, 0}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10], {{g_bytes + 90, 20}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[32], {{g_bytes + 433, 8}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10], {{g_bytes + 90, 20}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[34], {{g_bytes + 445, 7}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10], {{g_bytes + 90, 20}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[96], {{g_bytes + 1024, 16}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10], {{g_bytes + 90, 20}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[33], {{g_bytes + 441, 4}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10], {{g_bytes + 90, 20}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[97], {{g_bytes + 1040, 13}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10], {{g_bytes + 90, 20}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[98], {{g_bytes + 1053, 12}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[10], {{g_bytes + 90, 20}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[99], {{g_bytes + 1065, 21}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[16], {{g_bytes + 186, 15}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[32], {{g_bytes + 433, 8}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[16], {{g_bytes + 186, 15}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[33], {{g_bytes + 441, 4}}}},
+    {{&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[16], {{g_bytes + 186, 15}}},
+     {&grpc_static_metadata_refcounts[97], {{g_bytes + 1040, 13}}}},
 };
 bool grpc_static_callout_is_default[GRPC_BATCH_CALLOUTS_COUNT] = {
     true,  // :path
diff --git a/src/core/lib/transport/status_conversion.c b/src/core/lib/transport/status_conversion.c
index 9a76977e4b..a40d333284 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/transport/status_conversion.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/transport/status_conversion.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "src/core/lib/transport/status_conversion.h"
 
-int grpc_status_to_http2_error(grpc_status_code status) {
+grpc_http2_error_code grpc_status_to_http2_error(grpc_status_code status) {
   switch (status) {
     case GRPC_STATUS_OK:
       return GRPC_HTTP2_NO_ERROR;
diff --git a/src/core/lib/transport/transport.c b/src/core/lib/transport/transport.c
index ae705195f3..682a820b48 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/transport/transport.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/transport/transport.c
@@ -102,9 +102,11 @@ static void slice_stream_unref(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *p) {
 grpc_slice grpc_slice_from_stream_owned_buffer(grpc_stream_refcount *refcount,
                                                void *buffer, size_t length) {
   slice_stream_ref(&refcount->slice_refcount);
-  return (grpc_slice){
-      .refcount = &refcount->slice_refcount,
-      .data.refcounted = {.bytes = (uint8_t *)buffer, .length = length}};
+  grpc_slice res;
+  res.refcount = &refcount->slice_refcount,
+  res.data.refcounted.bytes = (uint8_t *)buffer;
+  res.data.refcounted.length = length;
+  return res;
 }
 
 static const grpc_slice_refcount_vtable stream_ref_slice_vtable = {
diff --git a/src/core/lib/transport/transport_op_string.c b/src/core/lib/transport/transport_op_string.c
index 409a6c4103..858664715c 100644
--- a/src/core/lib/transport/transport_op_string.c
+++ b/src/core/lib/transport/transport_op_string.c
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ char *grpc_transport_op_string(grpc_transport_op *op) {
   return out;
 }
 
-void grpc_call_log_op(char *file, int line, gpr_log_severity severity,
+void grpc_call_log_op(const char *file, int line, gpr_log_severity severity,
                       grpc_call_element *elem,
                       grpc_transport_stream_op_batch *op) {
   char *str = grpc_transport_stream_op_batch_string(op);
diff --git a/src/core/tsi/fake_transport_security.c b/src/core/tsi/fake_transport_security.c
index e7b3be3d86..64043fea08 100644
--- a/src/core/tsi/fake_transport_security.c
+++ b/src/core/tsi/fake_transport_security.c
@@ -493,7 +493,8 @@ static tsi_result fake_handshaker_result_extract_peer(
 }
 
 static tsi_result fake_handshaker_result_create_zero_copy_grpc_protector(
-    const tsi_handshaker_result *self, size_t *max_output_protected_frame_size,
+    void *exec_ctx, const tsi_handshaker_result *self,
+    size_t *max_output_protected_frame_size,
     tsi_zero_copy_grpc_protector **protector) {
   *protector =
       tsi_create_fake_zero_copy_grpc_protector(max_output_protected_frame_size);
diff --git a/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.c b/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.c
index 1fd65928f9..7ebf9dd96f 100644
--- a/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.c
+++ b/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.c
@@ -67,7 +67,13 @@
 
 /* --- Structure definitions. ---*/
 
+struct tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory {
+  const tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable *vtable;
+  gpr_refcount refcount;
+};
+
 struct tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory {
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory base;
   SSL_CTX *ssl_context;
   unsigned char *alpn_protocol_list;
   size_t alpn_protocol_list_length;
@@ -77,6 +83,7 @@ struct tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory {
   /* Several contexts to support SNI.
      The tsi_peer array contains the subject names of the server certificates
      associated with the contexts at the same index.  */
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory base;
   SSL_CTX **ssl_contexts;
   tsi_peer *ssl_context_x509_subject_names;
   size_t ssl_context_count;
@@ -90,6 +97,7 @@ typedef struct {
   BIO *into_ssl;
   BIO *from_ssl;
   tsi_result result;
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory *factory_ref;
 } tsi_ssl_handshaker;
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -846,6 +854,47 @@ static const tsi_frame_protector_vtable frame_protector_vtable = {
     ssl_protector_destroy,
 };
 
+/* --- tsi_server_handshaker_factory methods implementation. --- */
+
+static void tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_destroy(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory *self) {
+  if (self == NULL) return;
+
+  if (self->vtable != NULL && self->vtable->destroy != NULL) {
+    self->vtable->destroy(self);
+  }
+  /* Note, we don't free(self) here because this object is always directly
+   * embedded in another object. If tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_init allocates
+   * any memory, it should be free'd here. */
+}
+
+static tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory *tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_ref(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory *self) {
+  if (self == NULL) return NULL;
+  gpr_refn(&self->refcount, 1);
+  return self;
+}
+
+static void tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory *self) {
+  if (self == NULL) return;
+
+  if (gpr_unref(&self->refcount)) {
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_destroy(self);
+  }
+}
+
+static tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable handshaker_factory_vtable = {NULL};
+
+/* Initializes a tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory object. Caller is responsible for
+ * allocating memory for the factory. */
+static void tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_init(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory *factory) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(factory != NULL);
+
+  factory->vtable = &handshaker_factory_vtable;
+  gpr_ref_init(&factory->refcount, 1);
+}
+
 /* --- tsi_handshaker methods implementation. ---*/
 
 static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_get_bytes_to_send_to_peer(tsi_handshaker *self,
@@ -1013,6 +1062,7 @@ static tsi_result ssl_handshaker_create_frame_protector(
 static void ssl_handshaker_destroy(tsi_handshaker *self) {
   tsi_ssl_handshaker *impl = (tsi_ssl_handshaker *)self;
   SSL_free(impl->ssl); /* The BIO objects are owned by ssl */
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(impl->factory_ref);
   gpr_free(impl);
 }
 
@@ -1030,6 +1080,7 @@ static const tsi_handshaker_vtable handshaker_vtable = {
 
 static tsi_result create_tsi_ssl_handshaker(SSL_CTX *ctx, int is_client,
                                             const char *server_name_indication,
+                                            tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory *factory,
                                             tsi_handshaker **handshaker) {
   SSL *ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
   BIO *into_ssl = NULL;
@@ -1085,6 +1136,8 @@ static tsi_result create_tsi_ssl_handshaker(SSL_CTX *ctx, int is_client,
   impl->from_ssl = from_ssl;
   impl->result = TSI_HANDSHAKE_IN_PROGRESS;
   impl->base.vtable = &handshaker_vtable;
+  impl->factory_ref = tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_ref(factory);
+
   *handshaker = &impl->base;
   return TSI_OK;
 }
@@ -1121,11 +1174,20 @@ tsi_result tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_create_handshaker(
     tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory *self, const char *server_name_indication,
     tsi_handshaker **handshaker) {
   return create_tsi_ssl_handshaker(self->ssl_context, 1, server_name_indication,
-                                   handshaker);
+                                   &self->base, handshaker);
 }
 
-void tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_destroy(
+void tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_unref(
     tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory *self) {
+  if (self == NULL) return;
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(&self->base);
+}
+
+static void tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_destroy(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory *factory) {
+  if (factory == NULL) return;
+  tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory *self =
+      (tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory *)factory;
   if (self->ssl_context != NULL) SSL_CTX_free(self->ssl_context);
   if (self->alpn_protocol_list != NULL) gpr_free(self->alpn_protocol_list);
   gpr_free(self);
@@ -1150,11 +1212,21 @@ tsi_result tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_create_handshaker(
   if (self->ssl_context_count == 0) return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
   /* Create the handshaker with the first context. We will switch if needed
      because of SNI in ssl_server_handshaker_factory_servername_callback.  */
-  return create_tsi_ssl_handshaker(self->ssl_contexts[0], 0, NULL, handshaker);
+  return create_tsi_ssl_handshaker(self->ssl_contexts[0], 0, NULL, &self->base,
+                                   handshaker);
 }
 
-void tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_destroy(
+void tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_unref(
     tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory *self) {
+  if (self == NULL) return;
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(&self->base);
+}
+
+static void tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_destroy(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory *factory) {
+  if (factory == NULL) return;
+  tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory *self =
+      (tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory *)factory;
   size_t i;
   for (i = 0; i < self->ssl_context_count; i++) {
     if (self->ssl_contexts[i] != NULL) {
@@ -1263,6 +1335,9 @@ static int server_handshaker_factory_npn_advertised_callback(
 
 /* --- tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory constructors. --- */
 
+static tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable client_handshaker_factory_vtable = {
+    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_destroy};
+
 tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_client_handshaker_factory(
     const tsi_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair *pem_key_cert_pair,
     const char *pem_root_certs, const char *cipher_suites,
@@ -1285,6 +1360,9 @@ tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_client_handshaker_factory(
   }
 
   impl = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*impl));
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_init(&impl->base);
+  impl->base.vtable = &client_handshaker_factory_vtable;
+
   impl->ssl_context = ssl_context;
 
   do {
@@ -1322,7 +1400,7 @@ tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_client_handshaker_factory(
     }
   } while (0);
   if (result != TSI_OK) {
-    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_destroy(impl);
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(&impl->base);
     return result;
   }
   SSL_CTX_set_verify(ssl_context, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, NULL);
@@ -1332,6 +1410,9 @@ tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_client_handshaker_factory(
   return TSI_OK;
 }
 
+static tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable server_handshaker_factory_vtable = {
+    tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_destroy};
+
 tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_server_handshaker_factory(
     const tsi_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair *pem_key_cert_pairs,
     size_t num_key_cert_pairs, const char *pem_client_root_certs,
@@ -1364,12 +1445,15 @@ tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_ex(
   }
 
   impl = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*impl));
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_init(&impl->base);
+  impl->base.vtable = &server_handshaker_factory_vtable;
+
   impl->ssl_contexts = gpr_zalloc(num_key_cert_pairs * sizeof(SSL_CTX *));
   impl->ssl_context_x509_subject_names =
       gpr_zalloc(num_key_cert_pairs * sizeof(tsi_peer));
   if (impl->ssl_contexts == NULL ||
       impl->ssl_context_x509_subject_names == NULL) {
-    tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_destroy(impl);
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(&impl->base);
     return TSI_OUT_OF_RESOURCES;
   }
   impl->ssl_context_count = num_key_cert_pairs;
@@ -1379,7 +1463,7 @@ tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_ex(
                                            &impl->alpn_protocol_list,
                                            &impl->alpn_protocol_list_length);
     if (result != TSI_OK) {
-      tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_destroy(impl);
+      tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(&impl->base);
       return result;
     }
   }
@@ -1451,10 +1535,11 @@ tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_ex(
     } while (0);
 
     if (result != TSI_OK) {
-      tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_destroy(impl);
+      tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_unref(&impl->base);
       return result;
     }
   }
+
   *factory = impl;
   return TSI_OK;
 }
@@ -1501,3 +1586,15 @@ int tsi_ssl_peer_matches_name(const tsi_peer *peer, const char *name) {
 
   return 0; /* Not found. */
 }
+
+/* --- Testing support. --- */
+const tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable *tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_swap_vtable(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory *factory,
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable *new_vtable) {
+  GPR_ASSERT(factory != NULL);
+  GPR_ASSERT(factory->vtable != NULL);
+
+  const tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable *orig_vtable = factory->vtable;
+  factory->vtable = new_vtable;
+  return orig_vtable;
+}
diff --git a/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.h b/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.h
index 177599930b..3abfdf5ed8 100644
--- a/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.h
+++ b/src/core/tsi/ssl_transport_security.h
@@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ tsi_result tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_create_handshaker(
     tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory *self, const char *server_name_indication,
     tsi_handshaker **handshaker);
 
-/* Destroys the handshaker factory. WARNING: it is unsafe to destroy a factory
-   while handshakers created with this factory are still in use.  */
-void tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_destroy(
-    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory *self);
+/* Decrements reference count of the handshaker factory. Handshaker factory will
+ * be destroyed once no references exist. */
+void tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_unref(
+    tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory *factory);
 
 /* --- tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory object ---
 
@@ -158,9 +158,9 @@ tsi_result tsi_create_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_ex(
 tsi_result tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_create_handshaker(
     tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory *self, tsi_handshaker **handshaker);
 
-/* Destroys the handshaker factory. WARNING: it is unsafe to destroy a factory
-   while handshakers created with this factory are still in use.  */
-void tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_destroy(
+/* Decrements reference count of the handshaker factory. Handshaker factory will
+ * be destroyed once no references exist. */
+void tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_unref(
     tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory *self);
 
 /* Util that checks that an ssl peer matches a specific name.
@@ -170,6 +170,29 @@ void tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_destroy(
    - handle public suffix wildchar more strictly (e.g. *.co.uk) */
 int tsi_ssl_peer_matches_name(const tsi_peer *peer, const char *name);
 
+/* --- Testing support. ---
+
+   These functions and typedefs are not intended to be used outside of testing.
+   */
+
+/* Base type of client and server handshaker factories. */
+typedef struct tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory;
+
+/* Function pointer to handshaker_factory destructor. */
+typedef void (*tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_destructor)(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory *factory);
+
+/* Virtual table for tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory. */
+typedef struct {
+  tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_destructor destroy;
+} tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable;
+
+/* Set destructor of handshaker_factory to new_destructor, returns previous
+   destructor. */
+const tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable *tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_swap_vtable(
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory *factory,
+    tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory_vtable *new_vtable);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/src/core/tsi/transport_security.h b/src/core/tsi/transport_security.h
index b0d7039850..3bba38149c 100644
--- a/src/core/tsi/transport_security.h
+++ b/src/core/tsi/transport_security.h
@@ -84,11 +84,17 @@ struct tsi_handshaker {
 };
 
 /* Base for tsi_handshaker_result implementations.
-   See transport_security_interface.h for documentation. */
+   See transport_security_interface.h for documentation.
+   The exec_ctx parameter in create_zero_copy_grpc_protector is supposed to be
+   of type grpc_exec_ctx*, but we're using void* instead to avoid making the TSI
+   API depend on grpc. The create_zero_copy_grpc_protector() method is only used
+   in grpc, where we do need the exec_ctx passed through, but the API still
+   needs to compile in other applications, where grpc_exec_ctx is not defined.
+*/
 typedef struct {
   tsi_result (*extract_peer)(const tsi_handshaker_result *self, tsi_peer *peer);
   tsi_result (*create_zero_copy_grpc_protector)(
-      const tsi_handshaker_result *self,
+      void *exec_ctx, const tsi_handshaker_result *self,
       size_t *max_output_protected_frame_size,
       tsi_zero_copy_grpc_protector **protector);
   tsi_result (*create_frame_protector)(const tsi_handshaker_result *self,
diff --git a/src/core/tsi/transport_security_grpc.c b/src/core/tsi/transport_security_grpc.c
index 773b35e717..affd995230 100644
--- a/src/core/tsi/transport_security_grpc.c
+++ b/src/core/tsi/transport_security_grpc.c
@@ -20,16 +20,18 @@
 
 /* This method creates a tsi_zero_copy_grpc_protector object.  */
 tsi_result tsi_handshaker_result_create_zero_copy_grpc_protector(
-    const tsi_handshaker_result *self, size_t *max_output_protected_frame_size,
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, const tsi_handshaker_result *self,
+    size_t *max_output_protected_frame_size,
     tsi_zero_copy_grpc_protector **protector) {
-  if (self == NULL || self->vtable == NULL || protector == NULL) {
+  if (exec_ctx == NULL || self == NULL || self->vtable == NULL ||
+      protector == NULL) {
     return TSI_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
   }
   if (self->vtable->create_zero_copy_grpc_protector == NULL) {
     return TSI_UNIMPLEMENTED;
   }
   return self->vtable->create_zero_copy_grpc_protector(
-      self, max_output_protected_frame_size, protector);
+      exec_ctx, self, max_output_protected_frame_size, protector);
 }
 
 /* --- tsi_zero_copy_grpc_protector common implementation. ---
diff --git a/src/core/tsi/transport_security_grpc.h b/src/core/tsi/transport_security_grpc.h
index 375a758888..ca6755c12f 100644
--- a/src/core/tsi/transport_security_grpc.h
+++ b/src/core/tsi/transport_security_grpc.h
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ extern "C" {
    assuming there is no fatal error.
    The caller is responsible for destroying the protector.  */
 tsi_result tsi_handshaker_result_create_zero_copy_grpc_protector(
-    const tsi_handshaker_result *self, size_t *max_output_protected_frame_size,
+    grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, const tsi_handshaker_result *self,
+    size_t *max_output_protected_frame_size,
     tsi_zero_copy_grpc_protector **protector);
 
 /* -- tsi_zero_copy_grpc_protector object --  */
diff --git a/src/cpp/client/client_context.cc b/src/cpp/client/client_context.cc
index 3af8bdc11a..40e95f3c05 100644
--- a/src/cpp/client/client_context.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/client/client_context.cc
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ void ClientContext::set_call(grpc_call* call,
 
 void ClientContext::set_compression_algorithm(
     grpc_compression_algorithm algorithm) {
-  char* algorithm_name = nullptr;
+  const char* algorithm_name = nullptr;
   if (!grpc_compression_algorithm_name(algorithm, &algorithm_name)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Name for compression algorithm '%d' unknown.",
             algorithm);
diff --git a/src/cpp/client/generic_stub.cc b/src/cpp/client/generic_stub.cc
index 66b1ef0e39..de2e449fe8 100644
--- a/src/cpp/client/generic_stub.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/client/generic_stub.cc
@@ -22,14 +22,29 @@
 
 namespace grpc {
 
+namespace {
+std::unique_ptr<GenericClientAsyncReaderWriter> CallInternal(
+    ChannelInterface* channel, ClientContext* context,
+    const grpc::string& method, CompletionQueue* cq, bool start, void* tag) {
+  return std::unique_ptr<GenericClientAsyncReaderWriter>(
+      GenericClientAsyncReaderWriter::Create(
+          channel, cq, RpcMethod(method.c_str(), RpcMethod::BIDI_STREAMING),
+          context, start, tag));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
 // begin a call to a named method
 std::unique_ptr<GenericClientAsyncReaderWriter> GenericStub::Call(
     ClientContext* context, const grpc::string& method, CompletionQueue* cq,
     void* tag) {
-  return std::unique_ptr<GenericClientAsyncReaderWriter>(
-      GenericClientAsyncReaderWriter::Create(
-          channel_.get(), cq,
-          RpcMethod(method.c_str(), RpcMethod::BIDI_STREAMING), context, tag));
+  return CallInternal(channel_.get(), context, method, cq, true, tag);
+}
+
+// setup a call to a named method
+std::unique_ptr<GenericClientAsyncReaderWriter> GenericStub::PrepareCall(
+    ClientContext* context, const grpc::string& method, CompletionQueue* cq) {
+  return CallInternal(channel_.get(), context, method, cq, false, nullptr);
 }
 
 }  // namespace grpc
diff --git a/src/cpp/common/channel_arguments.cc b/src/cpp/common/channel_arguments.cc
index f89f5f1f03..f130aecd4b 100644
--- a/src/cpp/common/channel_arguments.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/common/channel_arguments.cc
@@ -86,10 +86,6 @@ void ChannelArguments::SetCompressionAlgorithm(
   SetInt(GRPC_COMPRESSION_CHANNEL_DEFAULT_ALGORITHM, algorithm);
 }
 
-void ChannelArguments::SetGrpclbFallbackTimeout(int fallback_timeout) {
-  SetInt(GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_FALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, fallback_timeout);
-}
-
 void ChannelArguments::SetSocketMutator(grpc_socket_mutator* mutator) {
   if (!mutator) {
     return;
diff --git a/src/cpp/server/health/default_health_check_service.cc b/src/cpp/server/health/default_health_check_service.cc
index d2cba6d662..815b607032 100644
--- a/src/cpp/server/health/default_health_check_service.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/server/health/default_health_check_service.cc
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include <mutex>
 
 #include <grpc++/impl/codegen/method_handler_impl.h>
-#include <grpc/slice.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
 #include <grpc/support/log.h>
 
diff --git a/src/cpp/server/server_context.cc b/src/cpp/server/server_context.cc
index 4913682f1d..d7876a000b 100644
--- a/src/cpp/server/server_context.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/server/server_context.cc
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ bool ServerContext::IsCancelled() const {
 
 void ServerContext::set_compression_algorithm(
     grpc_compression_algorithm algorithm) {
-  char* algorithm_name = NULL;
+  const char* algorithm_name = NULL;
   if (!grpc_compression_algorithm_name(algorithm, &algorithm_name)) {
     gpr_log(GPR_ERROR, "Name for compression algorithm '%d' unknown.",
             algorithm);
diff --git a/src/cpp/util/byte_buffer_cc.cc b/src/cpp/util/byte_buffer_cc.cc
index 1ebe22b6a4..b1ff25252a 100644
--- a/src/cpp/util/byte_buffer_cc.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/util/byte_buffer_cc.cc
@@ -16,15 +16,11 @@
  *
  */
 
-#include <grpc++/impl/grpc_library.h>
 #include <grpc++/support/byte_buffer.h>
-#include <grpc/byte_buffer.h>
 #include <grpc/byte_buffer_reader.h>
 
 namespace grpc {
 
-static internal::GrpcLibraryInitializer g_gli_initializer;
-
 ByteBuffer::ByteBuffer(const Slice* slices, size_t nslices) {
   // The following assertions check that the representation of a grpc::Slice is
   // identical to that of a grpc_slice:  it has a grpc_slice field, and nothing
@@ -33,7 +29,6 @@ ByteBuffer::ByteBuffer(const Slice* slices, size_t nslices) {
                 "Slice must have same representation as grpc_slice");
   static_assert(sizeof(Slice) == sizeof(grpc_slice),
                 "Slice must have same representation as grpc_slice");
-  g_gli_initializer.summon();  // Make sure that initializer linked in
   // The const_cast is legal if grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create() does no more
   // than its advertised side effect of increasing the reference count of the
   // slices it processes, and such an increase does not affect the semantics
@@ -42,6 +37,19 @@ ByteBuffer::ByteBuffer(const Slice* slices, size_t nslices) {
       reinterpret_cast<grpc_slice*>(const_cast<Slice*>(slices)), nslices);
 }
 
+ByteBuffer::~ByteBuffer() {
+  if (buffer_) {
+    grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(buffer_);
+  }
+}
+
+void ByteBuffer::Clear() {
+  if (buffer_) {
+    grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(buffer_);
+    buffer_ = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
 Status ByteBuffer::Dump(std::vector<Slice>* slices) const {
   slices->clear();
   if (!buffer_) {
@@ -72,9 +80,7 @@ ByteBuffer::ByteBuffer(const ByteBuffer& buf)
     : buffer_(grpc_byte_buffer_copy(buf.buffer_)) {}
 
 ByteBuffer& ByteBuffer::operator=(const ByteBuffer& buf) {
-  if (this != &buf) {
-    Clear();  // first remove existing data
-  }
+  Clear();  // first remove existing data
   if (buf.buffer_) {
     buffer_ = grpc_byte_buffer_copy(buf.buffer_);  // then copy
   }
@@ -87,19 +93,4 @@ void ByteBuffer::Swap(ByteBuffer* other) {
   buffer_ = tmp;
 }
 
-ByteBuffer::operator grpc_byte_buffer*() {
-  // The following assertions check that the representation of a ByteBuffer is
-  // identical to grpc_byte_buffer*:  it has a grpc_byte_buffer* field,
-  // and nothing else.
-  static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(buffer_), grpc_byte_buffer*>::value,
-                "ByteBuffer must have same representation as "
-                "grpc_byte_buffer*");
-  static_assert(sizeof(ByteBuffer) == sizeof(grpc_byte_buffer*),
-                "ByteBuffer must have same representation as "
-                "grpc_byte_buffer*");
-  return buffer_;
-}
-
-ByteBuffer::operator const grpc_byte_buffer*() const { return buffer_; }
-
 }  // namespace grpc
diff --git a/src/cpp/util/slice_cc.cc b/src/cpp/util/slice_cc.cc
index 3ae17e8052..486d0cdf0e 100644
--- a/src/cpp/util/slice_cc.cc
+++ b/src/cpp/util/slice_cc.cc
@@ -50,6 +50,4 @@ Slice::Slice(void* buf, size_t len, void (*destroy)(void*), void* user_data)
 Slice::Slice(void* buf, size_t len, void (*destroy)(void*, size_t))
     : slice_(grpc_slice_new_with_len(buf, len, destroy)) {}
 
-grpc_slice Slice::c_slice() const { return grpc_slice_ref(slice_); }
-
 }  // namespace grpc
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Auth/Grpc.Auth.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.Auth/Grpc.Auth.csproj
index abf326459c..bbcbd95be5 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Auth/Grpc.Auth.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Auth/Grpc.Auth.csproj
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
     <PackageTags>gRPC RPC Protocol HTTP/2 Auth OAuth2</PackageTags>
     <PackageProjectUrl>https://github.com/grpc/grpc</PackageProjectUrl>
     <PackageLicenseUrl>https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/LICENSE</PackageLicenseUrl>
-    <NetStandardImplicitPackageVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netstandard1.5' ">1.6.0</NetStandardImplicitPackageVersion>
     <IncludeSymbols>true</IncludeSymbols>
     <IncludeSource>true</IncludeSource>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Testing/Grpc.Core.Testing.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Testing/Grpc.Core.Testing.csproj
index 9ad6fd0c61..4d6767fa98 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Testing/Grpc.Core.Testing.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Testing/Grpc.Core.Testing.csproj
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
     <PackageTags>gRPC test testing</PackageTags>
     <PackageProjectUrl>https://github.com/grpc/grpc</PackageProjectUrl>
     <PackageLicenseUrl>https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/LICENSE</PackageLicenseUrl>
-    <NetStandardImplicitPackageVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netstandard1.5' ">1.6.0</NetStandardImplicitPackageVersion>
     <IncludeSymbols>true</IncludeSymbols>
     <IncludeSource>true</IncludeSource>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/Grpc.Core.Tests.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/Grpc.Core.Tests.csproj
index 6df68fda58..18993a93e0 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/Grpc.Core.Tests.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core.Tests/Grpc.Core.Tests.csproj
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
     <AssemblyName>Grpc.Core.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <PackageId>Grpc.Core.Tests</PackageId>
-    <PackageTargetFallback Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">$(PackageTargetFallback);portable-net45</PackageTargetFallback>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
@@ -21,7 +19,6 @@
     <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="9.0.1" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.6.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="NUnitLite" Version="3.6.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="NUnit.ConsoleRunner" Version="3.6.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="OpenCover" Version="4.6.519" />
     <PackageReference Include="ReportGenerator" Version="2.4.4.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core/Grpc.Core.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core/Grpc.Core.csproj
index dde800aadd..d9950b2f20 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Core/Grpc.Core.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Core/Grpc.Core.csproj
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
     <PackageTags>gRPC RPC Protocol HTTP/2</PackageTags>
     <PackageProjectUrl>https://github.com/grpc/grpc</PackageProjectUrl>
     <PackageLicenseUrl>https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/LICENSE</PackageLicenseUrl>
-    <NetStandardImplicitPackageVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netstandard1.5' ">1.6.0</NetStandardImplicitPackageVersion>
     <IncludeSymbols>true</IncludeSymbols>
     <IncludeSource>true</IncludeSource>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@
   <ItemGroup Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netstandard1.5' ">
     <PackageReference Include="System.Runtime.Loader" Version="4.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.Thread" Version="4.0.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.ThreadPool" Version="4.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Threading.ThreadPool" Version="4.0.10" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <Import Project="NativeDeps.csproj.include" />
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.MathClient/Grpc.Examples.MathClient.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.MathClient/Grpc.Examples.MathClient.csproj
index 74deed6584..db4e3ef4e3 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.MathClient/Grpc.Examples.MathClient.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.MathClient/Grpc.Examples.MathClient.csproj
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
     <AssemblyName>Grpc.Examples.MathClient</AssemblyName>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <PackageId>Grpc.Examples.MathClient</PackageId>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.MathServer/Grpc.Examples.MathServer.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.MathServer/Grpc.Examples.MathServer.csproj
index 1abf261498..b12b418d01 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.MathServer/Grpc.Examples.MathServer.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.MathServer/Grpc.Examples.MathServer.csproj
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
     <AssemblyName>Grpc.Examples.MathServer</AssemblyName>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <PackageId>Grpc.Examples.MathServer</PackageId>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.Tests/Grpc.Examples.Tests.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.Tests/Grpc.Examples.Tests.csproj
index d2a13ed6e1..3ccc9adfaf 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.Tests/Grpc.Examples.Tests.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples.Tests/Grpc.Examples.Tests.csproj
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
     <AssemblyName>Grpc.Examples.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <PackageId>Grpc.Examples.Tests</PackageId>
-    <PackageTargetFallback Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">$(PackageTargetFallback);portable-net45</PackageTargetFallback>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples/Grpc.Examples.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples/Grpc.Examples.csproj
index 491d313f17..baa3b4ce6c 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples/Grpc.Examples.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Examples/Grpc.Examples.csproj
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
     <TargetFrameworks>net45;netcoreapp1.0</TargetFrameworks>
     <AssemblyName>Grpc.Examples</AssemblyName>
     <PackageId>Grpc.Examples</PackageId>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests/Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests/Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests.csproj
index 2ccf46b9b9..9da0539dcb 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests/Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests/Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests.csproj
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
     <AssemblyName>Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <PackageId>Grpc.HealthCheck.Tests</PackageId>
-    <PackageTargetFallback Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">$(PackageTargetFallback);portable-net45</PackageTargetFallback>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.HealthCheck/Grpc.HealthCheck.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.HealthCheck/Grpc.HealthCheck.csproj
index 3eb90434f3..681719d124 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.HealthCheck/Grpc.HealthCheck.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.HealthCheck/Grpc.HealthCheck.csproj
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
     <PackageTags>gRPC health check</PackageTags>
     <PackageProjectUrl>https://github.com/grpc/grpc</PackageProjectUrl>
     <PackageLicenseUrl>https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/LICENSE</PackageLicenseUrl>
-    <NetStandardImplicitPackageVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netstandard1.5' ">1.6.0</NetStandardImplicitPackageVersion>
     <IncludeSymbols>true</IncludeSymbols>
     <IncludeSource>true</IncludeSource>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Client/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Client.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Client/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Client.csproj
index c67beea7cd..35713156ea 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Client/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Client.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Client/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Client.csproj
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
     <AssemblyName>Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Client</AssemblyName>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <PackageId>Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Client</PackageId>
-    <PackageTargetFallback Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">$(PackageTargetFallback);portable-net45</PackageTargetFallback>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.QpsWorker/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.QpsWorker.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.QpsWorker/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.QpsWorker.csproj
index e452257b1b..3ecefe3bc4 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.QpsWorker/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.QpsWorker.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.QpsWorker/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.QpsWorker.csproj
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <PackageId>Grpc.IntegrationTesting.QpsWorker</PackageId>
     <ServerGarbageCollection>true</ServerGarbageCollection>
-    <PackageTargetFallback Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">$(PackageTargetFallback);portable-net45</PackageTargetFallback>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Server/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Server.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Server/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Server.csproj
index a1fb316fdb..1092b2c21e 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Server/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Server.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Server/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Server.csproj
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
     <AssemblyName>Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Server</AssemblyName>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <PackageId>Grpc.IntegrationTesting.Server</PackageId>
-    <PackageTargetFallback Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">$(PackageTargetFallback);portable-net45</PackageTargetFallback>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.StressClient/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.StressClient.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.StressClient/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.StressClient.csproj
index f64bea3d2b..22272547f6 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.StressClient/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.StressClient.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.StressClient/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.StressClient.csproj
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
     <AssemblyName>Grpc.IntegrationTesting.StressClient</AssemblyName>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <PackageId>Grpc.IntegrationTesting.StressClient</PackageId>
-    <PackageTargetFallback Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">$(PackageTargetFallback);portable-net45</PackageTargetFallback>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.csproj
index f5077fe0f7..c02c9844e3 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.IntegrationTesting/Grpc.IntegrationTesting.csproj
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
     <AssemblyName>Grpc.IntegrationTesting</AssemblyName>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <PackageId>Grpc.IntegrationTesting</PackageId>
-    <PackageTargetFallback Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">$(PackageTargetFallback);portable-net45</PackageTargetFallback>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
@@ -31,10 +29,6 @@
     <Reference Include="Microsoft.CSharp" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Linq.Expressions" Version="4.1.1" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
   <ItemGroup>
     <Compile Include="..\Grpc.Core\Version.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Microbenchmarks/Grpc.Microbenchmarks.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.Microbenchmarks/Grpc.Microbenchmarks.csproj
index 17797e1e1e..108357e4eb 100644
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Microbenchmarks/Grpc.Microbenchmarks.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Microbenchmarks/Grpc.Microbenchmarks.csproj
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
     <AssemblyName>Grpc.Microbenchmarks</AssemblyName>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <PackageId>Grpc.Microbenchmarks</PackageId>
-    <PackageTargetFallback Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">$(PackageTargetFallback);portable-net45</PackageTargetFallback>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Reflection.Tests/Grpc.Reflection.Tests.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.Reflection.Tests/Grpc.Reflection.Tests.csproj
index cf756c68ad..d368697124 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Reflection.Tests/Grpc.Reflection.Tests.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Reflection.Tests/Grpc.Reflection.Tests.csproj
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
     <AssemblyName>Grpc.Reflection.Tests</AssemblyName>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
     <PackageId>Grpc.Reflection.Tests</PackageId>
-    <PackageTargetFallback Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">$(PackageTargetFallback);portable-net45</PackageTargetFallback>
-    <RuntimeFrameworkVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netcoreapp1.0' ">1.0.4</RuntimeFrameworkVersion>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
diff --git a/src/csharp/Grpc.Reflection/Grpc.Reflection.csproj b/src/csharp/Grpc.Reflection/Grpc.Reflection.csproj
index b77fd69aee..704eea5c17 100755
--- a/src/csharp/Grpc.Reflection/Grpc.Reflection.csproj
+++ b/src/csharp/Grpc.Reflection/Grpc.Reflection.csproj
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
     <PackageTags>gRPC reflection</PackageTags>
     <PackageProjectUrl>https://github.com/grpc/grpc</PackageProjectUrl>
     <PackageLicenseUrl>https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/LICENSE</PackageLicenseUrl>
-    <NetStandardImplicitPackageVersion Condition=" '$(TargetFramework)' == 'netstandard1.5' ">1.6.0</NetStandardImplicitPackageVersion>
     <IncludeSymbols>true</IncludeSymbols>
     <IncludeSource>true</IncludeSource>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
diff --git a/src/csharp/doc/.gitignore b/src/csharp/doc/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09ee235efc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/csharp/doc/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+html
+obj
diff --git a/src/csharp/doc/README.md b/src/csharp/doc/README.md
index 585500b5ca..46cce013a1 100644
--- a/src/csharp/doc/README.md
+++ b/src/csharp/doc/README.md
@@ -1,2 +1,9 @@
+DocFX-generated C# API Reference
+--------------------------------
 
-SandCastle project files to generate HTML reference documentation.
\ No newline at end of file
+Install docfx based on instructions here: https://github.com/dotnet/docfx
+
+```
+# generate docfx documentation into ./html directory
+$ docfx
+```
diff --git a/src/csharp/doc/docfx.json b/src/csharp/doc/docfx.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7219d0e7a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/csharp/doc/docfx.json
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+  "metadata": [
+    {
+      "src": [
+        {
+          "files": ["Grpc.Core/Grpc.Core.csproj",
+                    "Grpc.Auth/Grpc.Auth.csproj",
+                    "Grpc.Core.Testing/Grpc.Core.Testing.csproj",
+                    "Grpc.HealthCheck/Grpc.HealthCheck.csproj",
+                    "Grpc.Reflection/Grpc.HealthCheck.csproj"],
+          "exclude": [ "**/bin/**", "**/obj/**" ],
+          "cwd": ".."
+        }
+      ],
+      "properties": { "TargetFramework": "net45" },
+      "dest": "obj/api"
+    }
+  ],
+  "build": {
+    "content": [
+      {
+        "files": [ "**/*.yml" ],
+        "cwd": "obj/api",
+        "dest": "api"
+      },
+      {
+        "files": [ "toc.yml"],
+      }
+    ],
+    "globalMetadata": {
+      "_appTitle": "gRPC C#",
+      "_enableSearch": true,
+      "_disableContribution": true
+    },
+    "dest": "html"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/csharp/doc/grpc_csharp_public.shfbproj b/src/csharp/doc/grpc_csharp_public.shfbproj
deleted file mode 100644
index fab953da35..0000000000
--- a/src/csharp/doc/grpc_csharp_public.shfbproj
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <!-- The configuration and platform will be used to determine which assemblies to include from solution and
-				 project documentation sources -->
-    <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
-    <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">AnyCPU</Platform>
-    <SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
-    <ProjectGuid>{77e3da09-fc92-486f-a90a-99ca788e8b59}</ProjectGuid>
-    <SHFBSchemaVersion>2015.6.5.0</SHFBSchemaVersion>
-    <!-- AssemblyName, Name, and RootNamespace are not used by SHFB but Visual Studio adds them anyway -->
-    <AssemblyName>Documentation</AssemblyName>
-    <RootNamespace>Documentation</RootNamespace>
-    <Name>Documentation</Name>
-    <!-- SHFB properties -->
-    <FrameworkVersion>.NET Framework 4.5</FrameworkVersion>
-    <OutputPath>..\..\..\doc\ref\csharp\html</OutputPath>
-    <Language>en-US</Language>
-    <DocumentationSources>
-      <DocumentationSource sourceFile="..\Grpc.Auth\Grpc.Auth.csproj" />
-<DocumentationSource sourceFile="..\Grpc.Core\Grpc.Core.csproj" />
-<DocumentationSource sourceFile="..\Grpc.HealthCheck\Grpc.HealthCheck.csproj" />
-<DocumentationSource sourceFile="..\Grpc.Reflection\Grpc.Reflection.csproj" />
-<DocumentationSource sourceFile="..\Grpc.Core.Testing\Grpc.Core.Testing.csproj" /></DocumentationSources>
-    <BuildAssemblerVerbosity>OnlyWarningsAndErrors</BuildAssemblerVerbosity>
-    <HelpFileFormat>Website</HelpFileFormat>
-    <IndentHtml>False</IndentHtml>
-    <KeepLogFile>True</KeepLogFile>
-    <DisableCodeBlockComponent>False</DisableCodeBlockComponent>
-    <CleanIntermediates>True</CleanIntermediates>
-    <HelpFileVersion>1.0.0.0</HelpFileVersion>
-    <MaximumGroupParts>2</MaximumGroupParts>
-    <NamespaceGrouping>False</NamespaceGrouping>
-    <SyntaxFilters>Standard</SyntaxFilters>
-    <SdkLinkTarget>Blank</SdkLinkTarget>
-    <RootNamespaceContainer>True</RootNamespaceContainer>
-    <PresentationStyle>VS2013</PresentationStyle>
-    <Preliminary>False</Preliminary>
-    <NamingMethod>MemberName</NamingMethod>
-    <HelpTitle>gRPC C#</HelpTitle>
-    <ContentPlacement>AboveNamespaces</ContentPlacement>
-    <HtmlHelpName>Documentation</HtmlHelpName>
-    <NamespaceSummaries>
-      <NamespaceSummaryItem name="Grpc.Auth" isDocumented="True">Provides OAuth2 based authentication for gRPC. &lt;c&gt;Grpc.Auth&lt;/c&gt; currently consists of a set of very lightweight wrappers and uses C# &lt;a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/Google.Apis.Auth/"&gt;Google.Apis.Auth&lt;/a&gt; library.</NamespaceSummaryItem>
-      <NamespaceSummaryItem name="Grpc.Core" isDocumented="True">Main namespace for gRPC C# functionality. Contains concepts representing both client side and server side gRPC logic.
-
-&lt;seealso cref="Grpc.Core.Channel"/&gt; 
-&lt;seealso cref="Grpc.Core.Server"/&gt;</NamespaceSummaryItem>
-      <NamespaceSummaryItem name="Grpc.Core.Logging" isDocumented="True">Provides functionality to redirect gRPC logs to application-specified destination.</NamespaceSummaryItem>
-      <NamespaceSummaryItem name="Grpc.Core.Utils" isDocumented="True">Various utilities for gRPC C#.</NamespaceSummaryItem>
-    </NamespaceSummaries>
-    <MissingTags>Summary, Parameter, AutoDocumentCtors, Namespace, TypeParameter, AutoDocumentDispose</MissingTags>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <!-- There are no properties for these groups.  AnyCPU needs to appear in order for Visual Studio to perform
-			 the build.  The others are optional common platform types that may appear. -->
-  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' ">
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' ">
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|x86' ">
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|x86' ">
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|x64' ">
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|x64' ">
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|Win32' ">
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|Win32' ">
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <!-- Import the SHFB build targets -->
-  <Import Project="$(SHFBROOT)\SandcastleHelpFileBuilder.targets" />
-  <!-- The pre-build and post-build event properties must appear *after* the targets file import in order to be
-			 evaluated correctly. -->
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <PreBuildEvent>
-    </PreBuildEvent>
-    <PostBuildEvent>
-    </PostBuildEvent>
-    <RunPostBuildEvent>OnBuildSuccess</RunPostBuildEvent>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/csharp/doc/toc.yml b/src/csharp/doc/toc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3a1e415ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/csharp/doc/toc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- name: API Documentation
+  href: obj/api/
+  homepage: obj/api/Grpc.Core.yml
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall.h b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall.h
index 4d90cfd384..df563ca36c 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall.h
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall.h
@@ -170,6 +170,13 @@ extern id const kGRPCTrailersKey;
 @property (atomic, copy, readwrite) NSString *serverName;
 
 /**
+ * The timeout for the RPC call in seconds. If set to 0, the call will not timeout. If set to
+ * positive, the gRPC call returns with status GRPCErrorCodeDeadlineExceeded if it is not completed
+ * within \a timeout seconds. A negative value is not allowed.
+ */
+@property NSTimeInterval timeout;
+
+/**
  * The container of the request headers of an RPC conforms to this protocol, which is a subset of
  * NSMutableDictionary's interface. It will become a NSMutableDictionary later on.
  * The keys of this container are the header names, which per the HTTP standard are case-
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall.m b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall.m
index 436c19e354..d6c3a3c165 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall.m
@@ -423,7 +423,8 @@ static NSString * const kBearerPrefix = @"Bearer ";
 
   _wrappedCall = [[GRPCWrappedCall alloc] initWithHost:_host
                                             serverName:_serverName
-                                                  path:_path];
+                                                  path:_path
+                                               timeout:_timeout];
   NSAssert(_wrappedCall, @"Error allocating RPC objects. Low memory?");
 
   [self sendHeaders:_requestHeaders];
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.h b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.h
index e2aa5bd036..d37182f754 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.h
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.h
@@ -63,5 +63,6 @@ struct grpc_channel_credentials;
 
 - (nullable grpc_call *)unmanagedCallWithPath:(nonnull NSString *)path
                                    serverName:(nonnull NSString *)serverName
+                                      timeout:(NSTimeInterval)timeout
                               completionQueue:(nonnull GRPCCompletionQueue *)queue;
 @end
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.m b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.m
index 52dbc70b99..b78b14f2af 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.m
@@ -182,18 +182,28 @@ static grpc_channel_args *BuildChannelArgs(NSDictionary *dictionary) {
 
 - (grpc_call *)unmanagedCallWithPath:(NSString *)path
                           serverName:(NSString *)serverName
+                             timeout:(NSTimeInterval)timeout
                      completionQueue:(GRPCCompletionQueue *)queue {
+  GPR_ASSERT(timeout >= 0);
+  if (timeout < 0) {
+    timeout = 0;
+  }
   grpc_slice host_slice;
   if (serverName) {
     host_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_string(serverName.UTF8String);
   }
   grpc_slice path_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_string(path.UTF8String);
+  gpr_timespec deadline_ms = timeout == 0 ?
+                                gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME) :
+                                gpr_time_add(
+                                    gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC),
+                                    gpr_time_from_millis((int64_t)(timeout * 1000), GPR_TIMESPAN));
   grpc_call *call = grpc_channel_create_call(_unmanagedChannel,
                                              NULL, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS,
                                              queue.unmanagedQueue,
                                              path_slice,
                                              serverName ? &host_slice : NULL,
-                                             gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), NULL);
+                                             deadline_ms, NULL);
   if (serverName) {
     grpc_slice_unref(host_slice);
   }
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCHost.h b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCHost.h
index 0c1d715240..58171211b0 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCHost.h
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCHost.h
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ struct grpc_channel_credentials;
 /** Create a grpc_call object to the provided path on this host. */
 - (nullable struct grpc_call *)unmanagedCallWithPath:(NSString *)path
                                           serverName:(NSString *)serverName
+                                             timeout:(NSTimeInterval)timeout
                                      completionQueue:(GRPCCompletionQueue *)queue;
 
 // TODO: There's a race when a new RPC is coming through just as an existing one is getting
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCHost.m b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCHost.m
index 23794c1fed..f73e9cbc50 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCHost.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCHost.m
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ static GRPCConnectivityMonitor *connectivityMonitor = nil;
 
 - (nullable grpc_call *)unmanagedCallWithPath:(NSString *)path
                                    serverName:(NSString *)serverName
+                                      timeout:(NSTimeInterval)timeout
                               completionQueue:(GRPCCompletionQueue *)queue {
   GRPCChannel *channel;
   // This is racing -[GRPCHost disconnect].
@@ -130,7 +131,10 @@ static GRPCConnectivityMonitor *connectivityMonitor = nil;
     }
     channel = _channel;
   }
-  return [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:path serverName:serverName completionQueue:queue];
+  return [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:path
+                             serverName:serverName
+                                timeout:timeout
+                        completionQueue:queue];
 }
 
 - (BOOL)setTLSPEMRootCerts:(nullable NSString *)pemRootCerts
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.h b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.h
index 64075591a3..1cd9da8f3e 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.h
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.h
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@
 
 - (instancetype)initWithHost:(NSString *)host
                   serverName:(NSString *)serverName
-                        path:(NSString *)path NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
+                        path:(NSString *)path
+                     timeout:(NSTimeInterval)timeout NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
 
 - (void)startBatchWithOperations:(NSArray *)ops errorHandler:(void(^)())errorHandler;
 
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.m b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.m
index 87dc33af88..b0b1223b64 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.m
@@ -238,12 +238,13 @@
 }
 
 - (instancetype)init {
-  return [self initWithHost:nil serverName:nil path:nil];
+  return [self initWithHost:nil serverName:nil path:nil timeout:0];
 }
 
 - (instancetype)initWithHost:(NSString *)host
                   serverName:(NSString *)serverName
-                        path:(NSString *)path {
+                        path:(NSString *)path
+                     timeout:(NSTimeInterval)timeout {
   if (!path || !host) {
     [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException
                 format:@"path and host cannot be nil."];
@@ -255,7 +256,10 @@
     // queue. Currently we use a singleton queue.
     _queue = [GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue];
 
-    _call = [[GRPCHost hostWithAddress:host] unmanagedCallWithPath:path serverName:serverName completionQueue:_queue];
+    _call = [[GRPCHost hostWithAddress:host] unmanagedCallWithPath:path
+                                                        serverName:serverName
+                                                           timeout:timeout
+                                                   completionQueue:_queue];
     if (_call == NULL) {
       return nil;
     }
diff --git a/src/objective-c/tests/GRPCClientTests.m b/src/objective-c/tests/GRPCClientTests.m
index 9afe507121..82ac2600fa 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/tests/GRPCClientTests.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/tests/GRPCClientTests.m
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #import <RemoteTest/Messages.pbobjc.h>
 #import <RxLibrary/GRXWriteable.h>
 #import <RxLibrary/GRXWriter+Immediate.h>
+#import <RxLibrary/GRXBufferedPipe.h>
 
 #define TEST_TIMEOUT 16
 
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ static NSString * const kRemoteSSLHost = @"grpc-test.sandbox.googleapis.com";
 static GRPCProtoMethod *kInexistentMethod;
 static GRPCProtoMethod *kEmptyCallMethod;
 static GRPCProtoMethod *kUnaryCallMethod;
+static GRPCProtoMethod *kFullDuplexCallMethod;
 
 /** Observer class for testing that responseMetadata is KVO-compliant */
 @interface PassthroughObserver : NSObject
@@ -106,6 +108,9 @@ static GRPCProtoMethod *kUnaryCallMethod;
   kUnaryCallMethod = [[GRPCProtoMethod alloc] initWithPackage:kPackage
                                                       service:kService
                                                        method:@"UnaryCall"];
+  kFullDuplexCallMethod = [[GRPCProtoMethod alloc] initWithPackage:kPackage
+                                                           service:kService
+                                                            method:@"FullDuplexCall"];
 }
 
 - (void)testConnectionToRemoteServer {
@@ -422,4 +427,26 @@ static GRPCProtoMethod *kUnaryCallMethod;
   [self waitForExpectationsWithTimeout:TEST_TIMEOUT handler:nil];
 }
 
+- (void)testTimeout {
+  __weak XCTestExpectation *completion = [self expectationWithDescription:@"RPC completed."];
+
+  GRXBufferedPipe *pipe = [GRXBufferedPipe pipe];
+  GRPCCall *call = [[GRPCCall alloc] initWithHost:kHostAddress
+                                             path:kFullDuplexCallMethod.HTTPPath
+                                   requestsWriter:pipe];
+
+  id<GRXWriteable> responsesWriteable = [[GRXWriteable alloc] initWithValueHandler:^(NSData *value) {
+    XCTAssert(0, @"Failure: response received; Expect: no response received.");
+  } completionHandler:^(NSError *errorOrNil) {
+    XCTAssertNotNil(errorOrNil, @"Failure: no error received; Expect: receive deadline exceeded.");
+    XCTAssertEqual(errorOrNil.code, GRPCErrorCodeDeadlineExceeded);
+    [completion fulfill];
+  }];
+
+  call.timeout = 0.001;
+  [call startWithWriteable:responsesWriteable];
+
+  [self waitForExpectationsWithTimeout:TEST_TIMEOUT handler:nil];
+}
+
 @end
diff --git a/src/objective-c/tests/run_tests.sh b/src/objective-c/tests/run_tests.sh
index 5b7a2d104a..608ae6884b 100755
--- a/src/objective-c/tests/run_tests.sh
+++ b/src/objective-c/tests/run_tests.sh
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ xcodebuild \
     HOST_PORT_REMOTE=grpc-test.sandbox.googleapis.com \
     test \
     | egrep -v "$XCODEBUILD_FILTER" \
-    | egrep -v '^$' -
+    | egrep -v '^$' \
+    | egrep -v "(GPBDictionary|GPBArray)" -
 
 echo "TIME:  $(date)"
 xcodebuild \
@@ -57,7 +58,8 @@ xcodebuild \
     -scheme CoreCronetEnd2EndTests \
     -destination name="iPhone 6" \
     test \
-    | egrep "$XCODEBUILD_FILTER" \
+    | egrep -v "$XCODEBUILD_FILTER" \
+    | egrep -v '^$' \
     | egrep -v "(GPBDictionary|GPBArray)" -
 
 echo "TIME:  $(date)"
@@ -65,7 +67,10 @@ xcodebuild \
     -workspace Tests.xcworkspace \
     -scheme CronetUnitTests \
     -destination name="iPhone 6" \
-    test | xcpretty
+    test \
+    | egrep -v "$XCODEBUILD_FILTER" \
+    | egrep -v '^$' \
+    | egrep -v "(GPBDictionary|GPBArray)" -
 
 echo "TIME:  $(date)"
 xcodebuild \
@@ -74,5 +79,6 @@ xcodebuild \
     -destination name="iPhone 6" \
     HOST_PORT_REMOTE=grpc-test.sandbox.googleapis.com \
     test \
-    | egrep "$XCODEBUILD_FILTER" \
+    | egrep -v "$XCODEBUILD_FILTER" \
+    | egrep -v '^$' \
     | egrep -v "(GPBDictionary|GPBArray)" -
diff --git a/src/php/tests/qps/composer.json b/src/php/tests/qps/composer.json
index 8c1e7b6c74..f8512648c4 100644
--- a/src/php/tests/qps/composer.json
+++ b/src/php/tests/qps/composer.json
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 {
-  "minimum-stability": "dev",
   "require": {
     "grpc/grpc": "dev-master",
-    "google/protobuf": "^v3.3.0"
+    "google/protobuf": "v3.4.1"
   },
   "autoload": {
     "psr-4": {
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pyx.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pyx.pxi
index 28c30e5d35..237f430799 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pyx.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pyx.pxi
@@ -41,9 +41,8 @@ cdef class CompletionQueue:
     cdef object user_tag = None
     cdef Call operation_call = None
     cdef CallDetails request_call_details = None
-    cdef Metadata request_metadata = None
+    cdef object request_metadata = None
     cdef Operations batch_operations = None
-    cdef Operation batch_operation = None
     if event.type == GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT:
       return Event(
           event.type, False, None, None, None, None, False, None)
@@ -63,14 +62,8 @@ cdef class CompletionQueue:
         operation_call = tag.operation_call
         request_call_details = tag.request_call_details
         if tag.request_metadata is not None:
-          request_metadata = tag.request_metadata
-          request_metadata._claim_slice_ownership()
+          request_metadata = tuple(tag.request_metadata)
         batch_operations = tag.batch_operations
-        if tag.batch_operations is not None:
-          for op in batch_operations.operations:
-            batch_operation = <Operation>op
-            if batch_operation._received_metadata is not None:
-              batch_operation._received_metadata._claim_slice_ownership()
         if tag.is_new_request:
           # Stuff in the tag not explicitly handled by us needs to live through
           # the life of the call
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx.pxi
index 98d7a9820d..57816f1cab 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx.pxi
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ cdef class CredentialsMetadataPlugin:
     """
     Args:
       plugin_callback (callable): Callback accepting a service URL (str/bytes)
-        and callback object (accepting a Metadata,
+        and callback object (accepting a MetadataArray,
         grpc_status_code, and a str/bytes error message). This argument
         when called should be non-blocking and eventually call the callback
         object with the appropriate status code/details and metadata (if
@@ -129,8 +129,7 @@ cdef void plugin_get_metadata(
   def python_callback(
       Metadata metadata, grpc_status_code status,
       bytes error_details):
-    cb(user_data, metadata.c_metadata_array.metadata,
-       metadata.c_metadata_array.count, status, error_details)
+    cb(user_data, metadata.c_metadata, metadata.c_count, status, error_details)
     called_flag[0] = True
   cdef CredentialsMetadataPlugin self = <CredentialsMetadataPlugin>state
   cdef AuthMetadataContext cy_context = AuthMetadataContext()
@@ -139,8 +138,8 @@ cdef void plugin_get_metadata(
     self.plugin_callback(cy_context, python_callback)
   except Exception as error:
     if not called_flag[0]:
-      cb(user_data, Metadata([]).c_metadata_array.metadata,
-         0, StatusCode.unknown, traceback.format_exc().encode())
+      cb(user_data, NULL, 0, StatusCode.unknown,
+         traceback.format_exc().encode())
 
 cdef void plugin_destroy_c_plugin_state(void *state) with gil:
   cpython.Py_DECREF(<CredentialsMetadataPlugin>state)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxi
index 5950bfa0e6..840af5c43a 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxi
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ cdef extern from "grpc/grpc.h":
   grpc_slice grpc_slice_malloc(size_t length) nogil
   grpc_slice grpc_slice_from_copied_string(const char *source) nogil
   grpc_slice grpc_slice_from_copied_buffer(const char *source, size_t len) nogil
+  grpc_slice grpc_slice_copy(grpc_slice s) nogil
 
   # Declare functions for function-like macros (because Cython)...
   void *grpc_slice_start_ptr "GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR" (grpc_slice s) nogil
@@ -522,7 +523,7 @@ cdef extern from "grpc/compression.h":
   int grpc_compression_algorithm_parse(
       grpc_slice value, grpc_compression_algorithm *algorithm) nogil
   int grpc_compression_algorithm_name(grpc_compression_algorithm algorithm,
-                                      char **name) nogil
+                                      const char **name) nogil
   grpc_compression_algorithm grpc_compression_algorithm_for_level(
       grpc_compression_level level, uint32_t accepted_encodings) nogil
   void grpc_compression_options_init(grpc_compression_options *opts) nogil
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pxd.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pxd.pxi
index 8ace6aeb52..9c40ebf0c2 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pxd.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pxd.pxi
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ cdef class OperationTag:
   cdef Server shutting_down_server
   cdef Call operation_call
   cdef CallDetails request_call_details
-  cdef Metadata request_metadata
+  cdef MetadataArray request_metadata
   cdef Operations batch_operations
   cdef bint is_new_request
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ cdef class Event:
   # For Server.request_call
   cdef readonly bint is_new_request
   cdef readonly CallDetails request_call_details
-  cdef readonly Metadata request_metadata
+  cdef readonly object request_metadata
 
   # For server calls
   cdef readonly Call operation_call
@@ -92,15 +92,20 @@ cdef class Metadatum:
 
 cdef class Metadata:
 
+  cdef grpc_metadata *c_metadata
+  cdef readonly size_t c_count
+
+
+cdef class MetadataArray:
+
   cdef grpc_metadata_array c_metadata_array
-  cdef void _claim_slice_ownership(self)
 
 
 cdef class Operation:
 
   cdef grpc_op c_op
   cdef ByteBuffer _received_message
-  cdef Metadata _received_metadata
+  cdef MetadataArray _received_metadata
   cdef grpc_status_code _received_status_code
   cdef grpc_slice _status_details
   cdef int _received_cancelled
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pyx.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pyx.pxi
index 1b2ddd2469..d860173b5d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pyx.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pyx.pxi
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ cdef class Event:
   def __cinit__(self, grpc_completion_type type, bint success,
                 object tag, Call operation_call,
                 CallDetails request_call_details,
-                Metadata request_metadata,
+                object request_metadata,
                 bint is_new_request,
                 Operations batch_operations):
     self.type = type
@@ -437,48 +437,79 @@ cdef class Metadatum:
 cdef class _MetadataIterator:
 
   cdef size_t i
-  cdef Metadata metadata
+  cdef size_t _length
+  cdef object _metadatum_indexable
 
-  def __cinit__(self, Metadata metadata not None):
+  def __cinit__(self, length, metadatum_indexable):
+    self._length = length
+    self._metadatum_indexable = metadatum_indexable
     self.i = 0
-    self.metadata = metadata
 
   def __iter__(self):
     return self
 
   def __next__(self):
-    if self.i < len(self.metadata):
-      result = self.metadata[self.i]
+    if self.i < self._length:
+      result = self._metadatum_indexable[self.i]
       self.i = self.i + 1
       return result
     else:
       raise StopIteration
 
 
+# TODO(https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/7950): Eliminate this; just use an
+# ordinary sequence of pairs of bytestrings all the way down to the
+# grpc_call_start_batch call.
 cdef class Metadata:
+  """Metadata being passed from application to core."""
 
   def __cinit__(self, metadata_iterable):
+    metadata_sequence = tuple(metadata_iterable)
+    cdef size_t count = len(metadata_sequence)
     with nogil:
       grpc_init()
-      grpc_metadata_array_init(&self.c_metadata_array)
-    metadata = list(metadata_iterable)
-    for metadatum in metadata:
-      if not isinstance(metadatum, Metadatum):
-        raise TypeError("expected list of Metadatum")
-    self.c_metadata_array.count = len(metadata)
-    self.c_metadata_array.capacity = len(metadata)
+      self.c_metadata = <grpc_metadata *>gpr_malloc(
+          count * sizeof(grpc_metadata))
+      self.c_count = count
+    for index, metadatum in enumerate(metadata_sequence):
+      self.c_metadata[index].key = grpc_slice_copy(
+          (<Metadatum>metadatum).c_metadata.key)
+      self.c_metadata[index].value = grpc_slice_copy(
+          (<Metadatum>metadatum).c_metadata.value)
+
+  def __dealloc__(self):
+    with nogil:
+      for index in range(self.c_count):
+        grpc_slice_unref(self.c_metadata[index].key)
+        grpc_slice_unref(self.c_metadata[index].value)
+      gpr_free(self.c_metadata)
+      grpc_shutdown()
+
+  def __len__(self):
+    return self.c_count
+
+  def __getitem__(self, size_t index):
+    if index < self.c_count:
+      key = _slice_bytes(self.c_metadata[index].key)
+      value = _slice_bytes(self.c_metadata[index].value)
+      return Metadatum(key, value)
+    else:
+      raise IndexError()
+
+  def __iter__(self):
+    return _MetadataIterator(self.c_count, self)
+
+
+cdef class MetadataArray:
+  """Metadata being passed from core to application."""
+
+  def __cinit__(self):
     with nogil:
-      self.c_metadata_array.metadata = <grpc_metadata *>gpr_malloc(
-          self.c_metadata_array.count*sizeof(grpc_metadata)
-      )
-    for i in range(self.c_metadata_array.count):
-      (<Metadatum>metadata[i])._copy_metadatum(&self.c_metadata_array.metadata[i])
+      grpc_init()
+      grpc_metadata_array_init(&self.c_metadata_array)
 
   def __dealloc__(self):
     with nogil:
-      # this frees the allocated memory for the grpc_metadata_array (although
-      # it'd be nice if that were documented somewhere...)
-      # TODO(atash): document this in the C core
       grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&self.c_metadata_array)
       grpc_shutdown()
 
@@ -493,21 +524,7 @@ cdef class Metadata:
     return Metadatum(key=key, value=value)
 
   def __iter__(self):
-    return _MetadataIterator(self)
-
-  cdef void _claim_slice_ownership(self):
-    cdef grpc_metadata_array new_c_metadata_array
-    grpc_metadata_array_init(&new_c_metadata_array)
-    new_c_metadata_array.metadata = <grpc_metadata *>gpr_malloc(
-        self.c_metadata_array.count*sizeof(grpc_metadata))
-    new_c_metadata_array.count = self.c_metadata_array.count
-    for i in range(self.c_metadata_array.count):
-      new_c_metadata_array.metadata[i].key = _copy_slice(
-          self.c_metadata_array.metadata[i].key)
-      new_c_metadata_array.metadata[i].value = _copy_slice(
-          self.c_metadata_array.metadata[i].value)
-    grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&self.c_metadata_array)
-    self.c_metadata_array = new_c_metadata_array
+    return _MetadataIterator(self.c_metadata_array.count, self)
 
 
 cdef class Operation:
@@ -547,14 +564,13 @@ cdef class Operation:
     if (self.c_op.type != GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA and
         self.c_op.type != GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT):
       raise TypeError("self must be an operation receiving metadata")
-    return self._received_metadata
-
-  @property
-  def received_metadata_or_none(self):
-    if (self.c_op.type != GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA and
-        self.c_op.type != GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT):
-      return None
-    return self._received_metadata
+    # TODO(https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/7950): Drop the "all Cython
+    # objects must be legitimate for use from Python at any time" policy in
+    # place today, shift the policy toward "Operation objects are only usable
+    # while their calls are active", and move this making-a-copy-because-this-
+    # data-needs-to-live-much-longer-than-the-call-from-which-it-arose to the
+    # lowest Python layer.
+    return tuple(self._received_metadata)
 
   @property
   def received_status_code(self):
@@ -601,9 +617,8 @@ def operation_send_initial_metadata(Metadata metadata, int flags):
   cdef Operation op = Operation()
   op.c_op.type = GRPC_OP_SEND_INITIAL_METADATA
   op.c_op.flags = flags
-  op.c_op.data.send_initial_metadata.count = metadata.c_metadata_array.count
-  op.c_op.data.send_initial_metadata.metadata = (
-      metadata.c_metadata_array.metadata)
+  op.c_op.data.send_initial_metadata.count = metadata.c_count
+  op.c_op.data.send_initial_metadata.metadata = metadata.c_metadata
   op.references.append(metadata)
   op.is_valid = True
   return op
@@ -631,9 +646,8 @@ def operation_send_status_from_server(
   op.c_op.type = GRPC_OP_SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER
   op.c_op.flags = flags
   op.c_op.data.send_status_from_server.trailing_metadata_count = (
-      metadata.c_metadata_array.count)
-  op.c_op.data.send_status_from_server.trailing_metadata = (
-      metadata.c_metadata_array.metadata)
+      metadata.c_count)
+  op.c_op.data.send_status_from_server.trailing_metadata = metadata.c_metadata
   op.c_op.data.send_status_from_server.status = code
   grpc_slice_unref(op._status_details)
   op._status_details = _slice_from_bytes(details)
@@ -646,7 +660,7 @@ def operation_receive_initial_metadata(int flags):
   cdef Operation op = Operation()
   op.c_op.type = GRPC_OP_RECV_INITIAL_METADATA
   op.c_op.flags = flags
-  op._received_metadata = Metadata([])
+  op._received_metadata = MetadataArray()
   op.c_op.data.receive_initial_metadata.receive_initial_metadata = (
       &op._received_metadata.c_metadata_array)
   op.is_valid = True
@@ -669,7 +683,7 @@ def operation_receive_status_on_client(int flags):
   cdef Operation op = Operation()
   op.c_op.type = GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT
   op.c_op.flags = flags
-  op._received_metadata = Metadata([])
+  op._received_metadata = MetadataArray()
   op.c_op.data.receive_status_on_client.trailing_metadata = (
       &op._received_metadata.c_metadata_array)
   op.c_op.data.receive_status_on_client.status = (
@@ -768,7 +782,7 @@ cdef class CompressionOptions:
 
 
 def compression_algorithm_name(grpc_compression_algorithm algorithm):
-  cdef char* name
+  cdef const char* name
   with nogil:
     grpc_compression_algorithm_name(algorithm, &name)
   # Let Cython do the right thing with string casting
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx.pxi
index dd276fd57b..b8db27469f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx.pxi
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ cdef class Server:
     cdef OperationTag operation_tag = OperationTag(tag)
     operation_tag.operation_call = Call()
     operation_tag.request_call_details = CallDetails()
-    operation_tag.request_metadata = Metadata([])
+    operation_tag.request_metadata = MetadataArray()
     operation_tag.references.extend([self, call_queue, server_queue])
     operation_tag.is_new_request = True
     operation_tag.batch_operations = Operations([])
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_health_checking/setup.py b/src/python/grpcio_health_checking/setup.py
index 0299b4cca9..1f5e9c5130 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_health_checking/setup.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_health_checking/setup.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ CLASSIFIERS = [
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
     'License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License',
-],
+]
 
 PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES = {
     '': '.',
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_reflection/setup.py b/src/python/grpcio_reflection/setup.py
index bed2311b59..9360550afb 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_reflection/setup.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_reflection/setup.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ CLASSIFIERS = [
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
     'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
     'License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License',
-],
+]
 
 PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES = {
     '': '.',
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_testing/grpc_testing/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_testing/grpc_testing/__init__.py
index 917e11808e..994274500c 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_testing/grpc_testing/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_testing/grpc_testing/__init__.py
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class StreamStreamChannelRpc(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
 
-class Channel(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta), grpc.Channel):
+class Channel(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, grpc.Channel)):
     """A grpc.Channel double with which to test a system that invokes RPCs."""
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_testing/grpc_version.py b/src/python/grpcio_testing/grpc_version.py
index 41a75d46f6..592d08efc3 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_testing/grpc_version.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_testing/grpc_version.py
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-# AUTO-GENERATED FROM `$REPO_ROOT/templates/src/python/grpcio_reflection/grpc_version.py.template`!!!
+# AUTO-GENERATED FROM `$REPO_ROOT/templates/src/python/grpcio_testing/grpc_version.py.template`!!!
 
-VERSION = '1.5.0.dev0'
+VERSION='1.7.0.dev0'
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/commands.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/commands.py
index 162200112a..93f84572b7 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_tests/commands.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/commands.py
@@ -67,55 +67,6 @@ class GatherProto(setuptools.Command):
             open(path, 'a').close()
 
 
-class BuildProtoModules(setuptools.Command):
-    """Command to generate project *_pb2.py modules from proto files."""
-
-    description = 'build protobuf modules'
-    user_options = [
-        ('include=', None, 'path patterns to include in protobuf generation'),
-        ('exclude=', None, 'path patterns to exclude from protobuf generation')
-    ]
-
-    def initialize_options(self):
-        self.exclude = None
-        self.include = r'.*\.proto$'
-
-    def finalize_options(self):
-        pass
-
-    def run(self):
-        import grpc_tools.protoc as protoc
-
-        include_regex = re.compile(self.include)
-        exclude_regex = re.compile(self.exclude) if self.exclude else None
-        paths = []
-        for walk_root, directories, filenames in os.walk(PROTO_STEM):
-            for filename in filenames:
-                path = os.path.join(walk_root, filename)
-                if include_regex.match(path) and not (
-                        exclude_regex and exclude_regex.match(path)):
-                    paths.append(path)
-
-        # TODO(kpayson): It would be nice to do this in a batch command,
-        # but we currently have name conflicts in src/proto
-        for path in paths:
-            command = [
-                'grpc_tools.protoc',
-                '-I {}'.format(PROTO_STEM),
-                '--python_out={}'.format(PROTO_STEM),
-                '--grpc_python_out={}'.format(PROTO_STEM),
-            ] + [path]
-            if protoc.main(command) != 0:
-                sys.stderr.write(
-                    'warning: Command:\n{}\nFailed'.format(command))
-
-        # Generated proto directories dont include __init__.py, but
-        # these are needed for python package resolution
-        for walk_root, _, _ in os.walk(PROTO_STEM):
-            path = os.path.join(walk_root, '__init__.py')
-            open(path, 'a').close()
-
-
 class BuildPy(build_py.build_py):
     """Custom project build command."""
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/invocation_testing/split_messages/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/_sanity/__init__.py
index 5772620b60..5772620b60 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/invocation_testing/split_messages/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/_sanity/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_sanity/_sanity_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/_sanity/_sanity_test.py
index 19bc8801eb..b4079850ff 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_sanity/_sanity_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/_sanity/_sanity_test.py
@@ -21,24 +21,25 @@ import six
 import tests
 
 
-class Sanity(unittest.TestCase):
+class SanityTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    maxDiff = 32768
 
     def testTestsJsonUpToDate(self):
         """Autodiscovers all test suites and checks that tests.json is up to date"""
         loader = tests.Loader()
         loader.loadTestsFromNames(['tests'])
-        test_suite_names = [
+        test_suite_names = sorted({
             test_case_class.id().rsplit('.', 1)[0]
             for test_case_class in tests._loader.iterate_suite_cases(
                 loader.suite)
-        ]
-        test_suite_names = sorted(set(test_suite_names))
+        })
 
         tests_json_string = pkg_resources.resource_string('tests', 'tests.json')
-        if six.PY3:
-            tests_json_string = tests_json_string.decode()
-        tests_json = json.loads(tests_json_string)
-        self.assertListEqual(test_suite_names, tests_json)
+        tests_json = json.loads(tests_json_string.decode()
+                                if six.PY3 else tests_json_string)
+
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tests_json, test_suite_names)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/_python_plugin_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/_python_plugin_test.py
index 71493bfec6..5b84001aab 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/_python_plugin_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/_python_plugin_test.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.payload.test_payload_pb2 as payload_pb2
 import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.requests.r.test_requests_pb2 as request_pb2
 import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.responses.test_responses_pb2 as response_pb2
-import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.service.test_service_pb2 as service_pb2
+import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.service.test_service_pb2_grpc as service_pb2_grpc
 
 # Identifiers of entities we expect to find in the generated module.
 STUB_IDENTIFIER = 'TestServiceStub'
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def _CreateService():
   """
     servicer_methods = _ServicerMethods()
 
-    class Servicer(getattr(service_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER)):
+    class Servicer(getattr(service_pb2_grpc, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER)):
 
         def UnaryCall(self, request, context):
             return servicer_methods.UnaryCall(request, context)
@@ -157,11 +157,12 @@ def _CreateService():
 
     server = grpc.server(
         futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=test_constants.POOL_SIZE))
-    getattr(service_pb2, ADD_SERVICER_TO_SERVER_IDENTIFIER)(Servicer(), server)
+    getattr(service_pb2_grpc, ADD_SERVICER_TO_SERVER_IDENTIFIER)(Servicer(),
+                                                                 server)
     port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
     server.start()
     channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:{}'.format(port))
-    stub = getattr(service_pb2, STUB_IDENTIFIER)(channel)
+    stub = getattr(service_pb2_grpc, STUB_IDENTIFIER)(channel)
     return _Service(servicer_methods, server, stub)
 
 
@@ -173,16 +174,17 @@ def _CreateIncompleteService():
       servicer_methods implements none of the methods required of it.
   """
 
-    class Servicer(getattr(service_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER)):
+    class Servicer(getattr(service_pb2_grpc, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER)):
         pass
 
     server = grpc.server(
         futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=test_constants.POOL_SIZE))
-    getattr(service_pb2, ADD_SERVICER_TO_SERVER_IDENTIFIER)(Servicer(), server)
+    getattr(service_pb2_grpc, ADD_SERVICER_TO_SERVER_IDENTIFIER)(Servicer(),
+                                                                 server)
     port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
     server.start()
     channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:{}'.format(port))
-    stub = getattr(service_pb2, STUB_IDENTIFIER)(channel)
+    stub = getattr(service_pb2_grpc, STUB_IDENTIFIER)(channel)
     return _Service(None, server, stub)
 
 
@@ -223,10 +225,11 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def testImportAttributes(self):
         # check that we can access the generated module and its members.
-        self.assertIsNotNone(getattr(service_pb2, STUB_IDENTIFIER, None))
-        self.assertIsNotNone(getattr(service_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER, None))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(getattr(service_pb2_grpc, STUB_IDENTIFIER, None))
         self.assertIsNotNone(
-            getattr(service_pb2, ADD_SERVICER_TO_SERVER_IDENTIFIER, None))
+            getattr(service_pb2_grpc, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER, None))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(
+            getattr(service_pb2_grpc, ADD_SERVICER_TO_SERVER_IDENTIFIER, None))
 
     def testUpDown(self):
         service = _CreateService()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/_split_definitions_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/_split_definitions_test.py
index 1aeb62a7c5..7868cdbfb3 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/_split_definitions_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/_split_definitions_test.py
@@ -12,22 +12,20 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import collections
+import abc
 from concurrent import futures
 import contextlib
-import distutils.spawn
-import errno
 import importlib
 import os
-import os.path
+from os import path
 import pkgutil
+import platform
 import shutil
-import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
-import threading
 import unittest
-import platform
+
+import six
 
 import grpc
 from grpc_tools import protoc
@@ -37,292 +35,285 @@ _MESSAGES_IMPORT = b'import "messages.proto";'
 _SPLIT_NAMESPACE = b'package grpc_protoc_plugin.invocation_testing.split;'
 _COMMON_NAMESPACE = b'package grpc_protoc_plugin.invocation_testing;'
 
+_RELATIVE_PROTO_PATH = 'relative_proto_path'
+_RELATIVE_PYTHON_OUT = 'relative_python_out'
+
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def _system_path(path):
+def _system_path(path_insertion):
     old_system_path = sys.path[:]
-    sys.path = sys.path[0:1] + path + sys.path[1:]
+    sys.path = sys.path[0:1] + path_insertion + sys.path[1:]
     yield
     sys.path = old_system_path
 
 
-class DummySplitServicer(object):
+# NOTE(nathaniel): https://twitter.com/exoplaneteer/status/677259364256747520
+# Life lesson "just always default to idempotence" reinforced.
+def _create_directory_tree(root, path_components_sequence):
+    created = set()
+    for path_components in path_components_sequence:
+        thus_far = ''
+        for path_component in path_components:
+            relative_path = path.join(thus_far, path_component)
+            if relative_path not in created:
+                os.makedirs(path.join(root, relative_path))
+                created.add(relative_path)
+            thus_far = path.join(thus_far, path_component)
+
+
+def _massage_proto_content(proto_content, test_name_bytes,
+                           messages_proto_relative_file_name_bytes):
+    package_substitution = (b'package grpc_protoc_plugin.invocation_testing.' +
+                            test_name_bytes + b';')
+    common_namespace_substituted = proto_content.replace(_COMMON_NAMESPACE,
+                                                         package_substitution)
+    split_namespace_substituted = common_namespace_substituted.replace(
+        _SPLIT_NAMESPACE, package_substitution)
+    message_import_replaced = split_namespace_substituted.replace(
+        _MESSAGES_IMPORT,
+        b'import "' + messages_proto_relative_file_name_bytes + b'";')
+    return message_import_replaced
+
+
+def _packagify(directory):
+    for subdirectory, _, _ in os.walk(directory):
+        init_file_name = path.join(subdirectory, '__init__.py')
+        with open(init_file_name, 'wb') as init_file:
+            init_file.write(b'')
 
-    def __init__(self, request_class, response_class):
-        self.request_class = request_class
-        self.response_class = response_class
+
+class _Servicer(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, response_class):
+        self._response_class = response_class
 
     def Call(self, request, context):
-        return self.response_class()
+        return self._response_class()
 
 
-class SeparateTestMixin(object):
+def _protoc(proto_path, python_out, grpc_python_out_flag, grpc_python_out,
+            absolute_proto_file_names):
+    args = [
+        '',
+        '--proto_path={}'.format(proto_path),
+    ]
+    if python_out is not None:
+        args.append('--python_out={}'.format(python_out))
+    if grpc_python_out is not None:
+        args.append('--grpc_python_out={}:{}'.format(grpc_python_out_flag,
+                                                     grpc_python_out))
+    args.extend(absolute_proto_file_names)
+    return protoc.main(args)
 
-    def testImportAttributes(self):
-        with _system_path([self.python_out_directory]):
-            pb2 = importlib.import_module(self.pb2_import)
-        pb2.Request
-        pb2.Response
-        if self.should_find_services_in_pb2:
-            pb2.TestServiceServicer
-        else:
-            with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
-                pb2.TestServiceServicer
-
-        with _system_path([self.grpc_python_out_directory]):
-            pb2_grpc = importlib.import_module(self.pb2_grpc_import)
-        pb2_grpc.TestServiceServicer
-        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
-            pb2_grpc.Request
-        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
-            pb2_grpc.Response
-
-    def testCall(self):
-        with _system_path([self.python_out_directory]):
-            pb2 = importlib.import_module(self.pb2_import)
-        with _system_path([self.grpc_python_out_directory]):
-            pb2_grpc = importlib.import_module(self.pb2_grpc_import)
-        server = grpc.server(
-            futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=test_constants.POOL_SIZE))
-        pb2_grpc.add_TestServiceServicer_to_server(
-            DummySplitServicer(pb2.Request, pb2.Response), server)
-        port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
-        server.start()
-        channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:{}'.format(port))
-        stub = pb2_grpc.TestServiceStub(channel)
-        request = pb2.Request()
-        expected_response = pb2.Response()
-        response = stub.Call(request)
-        self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
-
-
-class CommonTestMixin(object):
-
-    def testImportAttributes(self):
-        with _system_path([self.python_out_directory]):
-            pb2 = importlib.import_module(self.pb2_import)
-        pb2.Request
-        pb2.Response
-        if self.should_find_services_in_pb2:
-            pb2.TestServiceServicer
-        else:
-            with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
-                pb2.TestServiceServicer
-
-        with _system_path([self.grpc_python_out_directory]):
-            pb2_grpc = importlib.import_module(self.pb2_grpc_import)
-        pb2_grpc.TestServiceServicer
-        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
-            pb2_grpc.Request
-        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
-            pb2_grpc.Response
-
-    def testCall(self):
-        with _system_path([self.python_out_directory]):
-            pb2 = importlib.import_module(self.pb2_import)
-        with _system_path([self.grpc_python_out_directory]):
-            pb2_grpc = importlib.import_module(self.pb2_grpc_import)
-        server = grpc.server(
-            futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=test_constants.POOL_SIZE))
-        pb2_grpc.add_TestServiceServicer_to_server(
-            DummySplitServicer(pb2.Request, pb2.Response), server)
-        port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
-        server.start()
-        channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:{}'.format(port))
-        stub = pb2_grpc.TestServiceStub(channel)
-        request = pb2.Request()
-        expected_response = pb2.Response()
-        response = stub.Call(request)
-        self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
-
-
-@unittest.skipIf(platform.python_implementation() == "PyPy",
-                 "Skip test if run with PyPy")
-class SameSeparateTest(unittest.TestCase, SeparateTestMixin):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        same_proto_contents = pkgutil.get_data(
-            'tests.protoc_plugin.protos.invocation_testing', 'same.proto')
-        self.directory = tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix='same_separate', dir='.')
-        self.proto_directory = os.path.join(self.directory, 'proto_path')
-        self.python_out_directory = os.path.join(self.directory, 'python_out')
-        self.grpc_python_out_directory = os.path.join(self.directory,
-                                                      'grpc_python_out')
-        os.makedirs(self.proto_directory)
-        os.makedirs(self.python_out_directory)
-        os.makedirs(self.grpc_python_out_directory)
-        same_proto_file = os.path.join(self.proto_directory,
-                                       'same_separate.proto')
-        open(same_proto_file, 'wb').write(
-            same_proto_contents.replace(
-                _COMMON_NAMESPACE,
-                b'package grpc_protoc_plugin.invocation_testing.same_separate;'))
-        protoc_result = protoc.main([
-            '',
-            '--proto_path={}'.format(self.proto_directory),
-            '--python_out={}'.format(self.python_out_directory),
-            '--grpc_python_out=grpc_2_0:{}'.format(
-                self.grpc_python_out_directory),
-            same_proto_file,
-        ])
-        if protoc_result != 0:
-            raise Exception("unexpected protoc error")
-        open(os.path.join(self.grpc_python_out_directory, '__init__.py'),
-             'w').write('')
-        open(os.path.join(self.python_out_directory, '__init__.py'),
-             'w').write('')
-        self.pb2_import = 'same_separate_pb2'
-        self.pb2_grpc_import = 'same_separate_pb2_grpc'
-        self.should_find_services_in_pb2 = False
+class _Mid2016ProtocStyle(object):
 
-    def tearDown(self):
-        shutil.rmtree(self.directory)
+    def name(self):
+        return 'Mid2016ProtocStyle'
 
+    def grpc_in_pb2_expected(self):
+        return True
 
-@unittest.skipIf(platform.python_implementation() == "PyPy",
-                 "Skip test if run with PyPy")
-class SameCommonTest(unittest.TestCase, CommonTestMixin):
+    def protoc(self, proto_path, python_out, absolute_proto_file_names):
+        return (_protoc(proto_path, python_out, 'grpc_1_0', python_out,
+                        absolute_proto_file_names),)
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        same_proto_contents = pkgutil.get_data(
-            'tests.protoc_plugin.protos.invocation_testing', 'same.proto')
-        self.directory = tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix='same_common', dir='.')
-        self.proto_directory = os.path.join(self.directory, 'proto_path')
-        self.python_out_directory = os.path.join(self.directory, 'python_out')
-        self.grpc_python_out_directory = self.python_out_directory
-        os.makedirs(self.proto_directory)
-        os.makedirs(self.python_out_directory)
-        same_proto_file = os.path.join(self.proto_directory,
-                                       'same_common.proto')
-        open(same_proto_file, 'wb').write(
-            same_proto_contents.replace(
-                _COMMON_NAMESPACE,
-                b'package grpc_protoc_plugin.invocation_testing.same_common;'))
-
-        protoc_result = protoc.main([
-            '',
-            '--proto_path={}'.format(self.proto_directory),
-            '--python_out={}'.format(self.python_out_directory),
-            '--grpc_python_out={}'.format(self.grpc_python_out_directory),
-            same_proto_file,
-        ])
-        if protoc_result != 0:
-            raise Exception("unexpected protoc error")
-        open(os.path.join(self.python_out_directory, '__init__.py'),
-             'w').write('')
-        self.pb2_import = 'same_common_pb2'
-        self.pb2_grpc_import = 'same_common_pb2_grpc'
-        self.should_find_services_in_pb2 = True
 
-    def tearDown(self):
-        shutil.rmtree(self.directory)
+class _SingleProtocExecutionProtocStyle(object):
 
+    def name(self):
+        return 'SingleProtocExecutionProtocStyle'
 
-@unittest.skipIf(platform.python_implementation() == "PyPy",
-                 "Skip test if run with PyPy")
-class SplitCommonTest(unittest.TestCase, CommonTestMixin):
+    def grpc_in_pb2_expected(self):
+        return False
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        services_proto_contents = pkgutil.get_data(
-            'tests.protoc_plugin.protos.invocation_testing.split_services',
-            'services.proto')
-        messages_proto_contents = pkgutil.get_data(
-            'tests.protoc_plugin.protos.invocation_testing.split_messages',
-            'messages.proto')
-        self.directory = tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix='split_common', dir='.')
-        self.proto_directory = os.path.join(self.directory, 'proto_path')
-        self.python_out_directory = os.path.join(self.directory, 'python_out')
-        self.grpc_python_out_directory = self.python_out_directory
-        os.makedirs(self.proto_directory)
-        os.makedirs(self.python_out_directory)
-        services_proto_file = os.path.join(self.proto_directory,
-                                           'split_common_services.proto')
-        messages_proto_file = os.path.join(self.proto_directory,
-                                           'split_common_messages.proto')
-        open(services_proto_file, 'wb').write(
-            services_proto_contents.replace(
-                _MESSAGES_IMPORT, b'import "split_common_messages.proto";')
-            .replace(
-                _SPLIT_NAMESPACE,
-                b'package grpc_protoc_plugin.invocation_testing.split_common;'))
-        open(messages_proto_file, 'wb').write(
-            messages_proto_contents.replace(
-                _SPLIT_NAMESPACE,
-                b'package grpc_protoc_plugin.invocation_testing.split_common;'))
-        protoc_result = protoc.main([
-            '',
-            '--proto_path={}'.format(self.proto_directory),
-            '--python_out={}'.format(self.python_out_directory),
-            '--grpc_python_out={}'.format(self.grpc_python_out_directory),
-            services_proto_file,
-            messages_proto_file,
-        ])
-        if protoc_result != 0:
-            raise Exception("unexpected protoc error")
-        open(os.path.join(self.python_out_directory, '__init__.py'),
-             'w').write('')
-        self.pb2_import = 'split_common_messages_pb2'
-        self.pb2_grpc_import = 'split_common_services_pb2_grpc'
-        self.should_find_services_in_pb2 = False
+    def protoc(self, proto_path, python_out, absolute_proto_file_names):
+        return (_protoc(proto_path, python_out, 'grpc_2_0', python_out,
+                        absolute_proto_file_names),)
+
+
+class _ProtoBeforeGrpcProtocStyle(object):
+
+    def name(self):
+        return 'ProtoBeforeGrpcProtocStyle'
+
+    def grpc_in_pb2_expected(self):
+        return False
+
+    def protoc(self, proto_path, python_out, absolute_proto_file_names):
+        pb2_protoc_exit_code = _protoc(proto_path, python_out, None, None,
+                                       absolute_proto_file_names)
+        pb2_grpc_protoc_exit_code = _protoc(
+            proto_path, None, 'grpc_2_0', python_out, absolute_proto_file_names)
+        return pb2_protoc_exit_code, pb2_grpc_protoc_exit_code,
 
-    def tearDown(self):
-        shutil.rmtree(self.directory)
 
+class _GrpcBeforeProtoProtocStyle(object):
 
-@unittest.skipIf(platform.python_implementation() == "PyPy",
-                 "Skip test if run with PyPy")
-class SplitSeparateTest(unittest.TestCase, SeparateTestMixin):
+    def name(self):
+        return 'GrpcBeforeProtoProtocStyle'
+
+    def grpc_in_pb2_expected(self):
+        return False
+
+    def protoc(self, proto_path, python_out, absolute_proto_file_names):
+        pb2_grpc_protoc_exit_code = _protoc(
+            proto_path, None, 'grpc_2_0', python_out, absolute_proto_file_names)
+        pb2_protoc_exit_code = _protoc(proto_path, python_out, None, None,
+                                       absolute_proto_file_names)
+        return pb2_grpc_protoc_exit_code, pb2_protoc_exit_code,
+
+
+_PROTOC_STYLES = (_Mid2016ProtocStyle(), _SingleProtocExecutionProtocStyle(),
+                  _ProtoBeforeGrpcProtocStyle(), _GrpcBeforeProtoProtocStyle(),)
+
+
+@unittest.skipIf(platform.python_implementation() == 'PyPy',
+                 'Skip test if run with PyPy!')
+class _Test(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, unittest.TestCase)):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        services_proto_contents = pkgutil.get_data(
-            'tests.protoc_plugin.protos.invocation_testing.split_services',
-            'services.proto')
-        messages_proto_contents = pkgutil.get_data(
-            'tests.protoc_plugin.protos.invocation_testing.split_messages',
-            'messages.proto')
-        self.directory = tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix='split_separate', dir='.')
-        self.proto_directory = os.path.join(self.directory, 'proto_path')
-        self.python_out_directory = os.path.join(self.directory, 'python_out')
-        self.grpc_python_out_directory = os.path.join(self.directory,
-                                                      'grpc_python_out')
-        os.makedirs(self.proto_directory)
-        os.makedirs(self.python_out_directory)
-        os.makedirs(self.grpc_python_out_directory)
-        services_proto_file = os.path.join(self.proto_directory,
-                                           'split_separate_services.proto')
-        messages_proto_file = os.path.join(self.proto_directory,
-                                           'split_separate_messages.proto')
-        open(services_proto_file, 'wb').write(
-            services_proto_contents.replace(
-                _MESSAGES_IMPORT, b'import "split_separate_messages.proto";')
-            .replace(
-                _SPLIT_NAMESPACE,
-                b'package grpc_protoc_plugin.invocation_testing.split_separate;'
-            ))
-        open(messages_proto_file, 'wb').write(
-            messages_proto_contents.replace(
-                _SPLIT_NAMESPACE,
-                b'package grpc_protoc_plugin.invocation_testing.split_separate;'
-            ))
-        protoc_result = protoc.main([
-            '',
-            '--proto_path={}'.format(self.proto_directory),
-            '--python_out={}'.format(self.python_out_directory),
-            '--grpc_python_out=grpc_2_0:{}'.format(
-                self.grpc_python_out_directory),
-            services_proto_file,
-            messages_proto_file,
-        ])
-        if protoc_result != 0:
-            raise Exception("unexpected protoc error")
-        open(os.path.join(self.python_out_directory, '__init__.py'),
-             'w').write('')
-        self.pb2_import = 'split_separate_messages_pb2'
-        self.pb2_grpc_import = 'split_separate_services_pb2_grpc'
-        self.should_find_services_in_pb2 = False
+        self._directory = tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix=self.NAME, dir='.')
+        self._proto_path = path.join(self._directory, _RELATIVE_PROTO_PATH)
+        self._python_out = path.join(self._directory, _RELATIVE_PYTHON_OUT)
+
+        os.makedirs(self._proto_path)
+        os.makedirs(self._python_out)
+
+        proto_directories_and_names = {
+            (self.MESSAGES_PROTO_RELATIVE_DIRECTORY_NAMES,
+             self.MESSAGES_PROTO_FILE_NAME,),
+            (self.SERVICES_PROTO_RELATIVE_DIRECTORY_NAMES,
+             self.SERVICES_PROTO_FILE_NAME,),
+        }
+        messages_proto_relative_file_name_forward_slashes = '/'.join(
+            self.MESSAGES_PROTO_RELATIVE_DIRECTORY_NAMES + (
+                self.MESSAGES_PROTO_FILE_NAME,))
+        _create_directory_tree(self._proto_path, (
+            relative_proto_directory_names
+            for relative_proto_directory_names, _ in proto_directories_and_names
+        ))
+        self._absolute_proto_file_names = set()
+        for relative_directory_names, file_name in proto_directories_and_names:
+            absolute_proto_file_name = path.join(
+                self._proto_path, *relative_directory_names + (file_name,))
+            raw_proto_content = pkgutil.get_data(
+                'tests.protoc_plugin.protos.invocation_testing',
+                path.join(*relative_directory_names + (file_name,)))
+            massaged_proto_content = _massage_proto_content(
+                raw_proto_content,
+                self.NAME.encode(),
+                messages_proto_relative_file_name_forward_slashes.encode())
+            with open(absolute_proto_file_name, 'wb') as proto_file:
+                proto_file.write(massaged_proto_content)
+            self._absolute_proto_file_names.add(absolute_proto_file_name)
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        shutil.rmtree(self.directory)
+        shutil.rmtree(self._directory)
+
+    def _protoc(self):
+        protoc_exit_codes = self.PROTOC_STYLE.protoc(
+            self._proto_path, self._python_out, self._absolute_proto_file_names)
+        for protoc_exit_code in protoc_exit_codes:
+            self.assertEqual(0, protoc_exit_code)
+
+        _packagify(self._python_out)
+
+        generated_modules = {}
+        expected_generated_full_module_names = {
+            self.EXPECTED_MESSAGES_PB2,
+            self.EXPECTED_SERVICES_PB2,
+            self.EXPECTED_SERVICES_PB2_GRPC,
+        }
+        with _system_path([self._python_out]):
+            for full_module_name in expected_generated_full_module_names:
+                module = importlib.import_module(full_module_name)
+                generated_modules[full_module_name] = module
+
+        self._messages_pb2 = generated_modules[self.EXPECTED_MESSAGES_PB2]
+        self._services_pb2 = generated_modules[self.EXPECTED_SERVICES_PB2]
+        self._services_pb2_grpc = generated_modules[
+            self.EXPECTED_SERVICES_PB2_GRPC]
+
+    def _services_modules(self):
+        if self.PROTOC_STYLE.grpc_in_pb2_expected():
+            return self._services_pb2, self._services_pb2_grpc,
+        else:
+            return self._services_pb2_grpc,
+
+    def test_imported_attributes(self):
+        self._protoc()
+
+        self._messages_pb2.Request
+        self._messages_pb2.Response
+        self._services_pb2.DESCRIPTOR.services_by_name['TestService']
+        for services_module in self._services_modules():
+            services_module.TestServiceStub
+            services_module.TestServiceServicer
+            services_module.add_TestServiceServicer_to_server
+
+    def test_call(self):
+        self._protoc()
+
+        for services_module in self._services_modules():
+            server = grpc.server(
+                futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(
+                    max_workers=test_constants.POOL_SIZE))
+            services_module.add_TestServiceServicer_to_server(
+                _Servicer(self._messages_pb2.Response), server)
+            port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
+            server.start()
+            channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:{}'.format(port))
+            stub = services_module.TestServiceStub(channel)
+            response = stub.Call(self._messages_pb2.Request())
+            self.assertEqual(self._messages_pb2.Response(), response)
+
+
+def _create_test_case_class(split_proto, protoc_style):
+    attributes = {}
+
+    name = '{}{}'.format('SplitProto' if split_proto else 'SameProto',
+                         protoc_style.name())
+    attributes['NAME'] = name
+
+    if split_proto:
+        attributes['MESSAGES_PROTO_RELATIVE_DIRECTORY_NAMES'] = (
+            'split_messages', 'sub',)
+        attributes['MESSAGES_PROTO_FILE_NAME'] = 'messages.proto'
+        attributes['SERVICES_PROTO_RELATIVE_DIRECTORY_NAMES'] = (
+            'split_services',)
+        attributes['SERVICES_PROTO_FILE_NAME'] = 'services.proto'
+        attributes['EXPECTED_MESSAGES_PB2'] = 'split_messages.sub.messages_pb2'
+        attributes['EXPECTED_SERVICES_PB2'] = 'split_services.services_pb2'
+        attributes['EXPECTED_SERVICES_PB2_GRPC'] = (
+            'split_services.services_pb2_grpc')
+    else:
+        attributes['MESSAGES_PROTO_RELATIVE_DIRECTORY_NAMES'] = ()
+        attributes['MESSAGES_PROTO_FILE_NAME'] = 'same.proto'
+        attributes['SERVICES_PROTO_RELATIVE_DIRECTORY_NAMES'] = ()
+        attributes['SERVICES_PROTO_FILE_NAME'] = 'same.proto'
+        attributes['EXPECTED_MESSAGES_PB2'] = 'same_pb2'
+        attributes['EXPECTED_SERVICES_PB2'] = 'same_pb2'
+        attributes['EXPECTED_SERVICES_PB2_GRPC'] = 'same_pb2_grpc'
+
+    attributes['PROTOC_STYLE'] = protoc_style
+
+    attributes['__module__'] = _Test.__module__
+
+    return type('{}Test'.format(name), (_Test,), attributes)
+
+
+def _create_test_case_classes():
+    for split_proto in (False, True,):
+        for protoc_style in _PROTOC_STYLES:
+            yield _create_test_case_class(split_proto, protoc_style)
+
+
+def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
+    tests = tuple(
+        loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(test_case_class)
+        for test_case_class in _create_test_case_classes())
+    return unittest.TestSuite(tests=tests)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/beta_python_plugin_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/beta_python_plugin_test.py
index 83f21ecbbb..424b153ff8 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/beta_python_plugin_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/beta_python_plugin_test.py
@@ -12,19 +12,15 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import argparse
 import contextlib
-import distutils.spawn
-import errno
-import itertools
+import importlib
 import os
-import pkg_resources
+from os import path
+import pkgutil
 import shutil
-import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import threading
-import time
 import unittest
 
 from six import moves
@@ -33,12 +29,22 @@ from grpc.beta import implementations
 from grpc.beta import interfaces
 from grpc.framework.foundation import future
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
+from grpc_tools import protoc
 from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 
-import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.payload.test_payload_pb2 as payload_pb2
-import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.requests.r.test_requests_pb2 as request_pb2
-import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.responses.test_responses_pb2 as response_pb2
-import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.service.test_service_pb2 as service_pb2
+_RELATIVE_PROTO_PATH = 'relative_proto_path'
+_RELATIVE_PYTHON_OUT = 'relative_python_out'
+
+_PROTO_FILES_PATH_COMPONENTS = (
+    ('beta_grpc_plugin_test', 'payload', 'test_payload.proto',),
+    ('beta_grpc_plugin_test', 'requests', 'r', 'test_requests.proto',),
+    ('beta_grpc_plugin_test', 'responses', 'test_responses.proto',),
+    ('beta_grpc_plugin_test', 'service', 'test_service.proto',),)
+
+_PAYLOAD_PB2 = 'beta_grpc_plugin_test.payload.test_payload_pb2'
+_REQUESTS_PB2 = 'beta_grpc_plugin_test.requests.r.test_requests_pb2'
+_RESPONSES_PB2 = 'beta_grpc_plugin_test.responses.test_responses_pb2'
+_SERVICE_PB2 = 'beta_grpc_plugin_test.service.test_service_pb2'
 
 # Identifiers of entities we expect to find in the generated module.
 SERVICER_IDENTIFIER = 'BetaTestServiceServicer'
@@ -47,12 +53,50 @@ SERVER_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER = 'beta_create_TestService_server'
 STUB_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER = 'beta_create_TestService_stub'
 
 
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _system_path(path_insertion):
+    old_system_path = sys.path[:]
+    sys.path = sys.path[0:1] + path_insertion + sys.path[1:]
+    yield
+    sys.path = old_system_path
+
+
+def _create_directory_tree(root, path_components_sequence):
+    created = set()
+    for path_components in path_components_sequence:
+        thus_far = ''
+        for path_component in path_components:
+            relative_path = path.join(thus_far, path_component)
+            if relative_path not in created:
+                os.makedirs(path.join(root, relative_path))
+                created.add(relative_path)
+            thus_far = path.join(thus_far, path_component)
+
+
+def _massage_proto_content(raw_proto_content):
+    imports_substituted = raw_proto_content.replace(
+        b'import "tests/protoc_plugin/protos/',
+        b'import "beta_grpc_plugin_test/')
+    package_statement_substituted = imports_substituted.replace(
+        b'package grpc_protoc_plugin;', b'package beta_grpc_protoc_plugin;')
+    return package_statement_substituted
+
+
+def _packagify(directory):
+    for subdirectory, _, _ in os.walk(directory):
+        init_file_name = path.join(subdirectory, '__init__.py')
+        with open(init_file_name, 'wb') as init_file:
+            init_file.write(b'')
+
+
 class _ServicerMethods(object):
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, payload_pb2, responses_pb2):
         self._condition = threading.Condition()
         self._paused = False
         self._fail = False
+        self._payload_pb2 = payload_pb2
+        self._responses_pb2 = responses_pb2
 
     @contextlib.contextmanager
     def pause(self):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
@@ -79,22 +123,22 @@ class _ServicerMethods(object):
                 self._condition.wait()
 
     def UnaryCall(self, request, unused_rpc_context):
-        response = response_pb2.SimpleResponse()
-        response.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+        response = self._responses_pb2.SimpleResponse()
+        response.payload.payload_type = self._payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
         response.payload.payload_compressable = 'a' * request.response_size
         self._control()
         return response
 
     def StreamingOutputCall(self, request, unused_rpc_context):
         for parameter in request.response_parameters:
-            response = response_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
-            response.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+            response = self._responses_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
+            response.payload.payload_type = self._payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
             response.payload.payload_compressable = 'a' * parameter.size
             self._control()
             yield response
 
     def StreamingInputCall(self, request_iter, unused_rpc_context):
-        response = response_pb2.StreamingInputCallResponse()
+        response = self._responses_pb2.StreamingInputCallResponse()
         aggregated_payload_size = 0
         for request in request_iter:
             aggregated_payload_size += len(request.payload.payload_compressable)
@@ -105,8 +149,8 @@ class _ServicerMethods(object):
     def FullDuplexCall(self, request_iter, unused_rpc_context):
         for request in request_iter:
             for parameter in request.response_parameters:
-                response = response_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
-                response.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+                response = self._responses_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
+                response.payload.payload_type = self._payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
                 response.payload.payload_compressable = 'a' * parameter.size
                 self._control()
                 yield response
@@ -115,8 +159,8 @@ class _ServicerMethods(object):
         responses = []
         for request in request_iter:
             for parameter in request.response_parameters:
-                response = response_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
-                response.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+                response = self._responses_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
+                response.payload.payload_type = self._payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
                 response.payload.payload_compressable = 'a' * parameter.size
                 self._control()
                 responses.append(response)
@@ -125,7 +169,7 @@ class _ServicerMethods(object):
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def _CreateService():
+def _CreateService(payload_pb2, responses_pb2, service_pb2):
     """Provides a servicer backend and a stub.
 
   The servicer is just the implementation of the actual servicer passed to the
@@ -136,7 +180,7 @@ def _CreateService():
       the service bound to the stub and and stub is the stub on which to invoke
       RPCs.
   """
-    servicer_methods = _ServicerMethods()
+    servicer_methods = _ServicerMethods(payload_pb2, responses_pb2)
 
     class Servicer(getattr(service_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER)):
 
@@ -161,12 +205,12 @@ def _CreateService():
     server.start()
     channel = implementations.insecure_channel('localhost', port)
     stub = getattr(service_pb2, STUB_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER)(channel)
-    yield (servicer_methods, stub)
+    yield servicer_methods, stub,
     server.stop(0)
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def _CreateIncompleteService():
+def _CreateIncompleteService(service_pb2):
     """Provides a servicer backend that fails to implement methods and its stub.
 
   The servicer is just the implementation of the actual servicer passed to the
@@ -192,16 +236,16 @@ def _CreateIncompleteService():
     server.stop(0)
 
 
-def _streaming_input_request_iterator():
+def _streaming_input_request_iterator(payload_pb2, requests_pb2):
     for _ in range(3):
-        request = request_pb2.StreamingInputCallRequest()
+        request = requests_pb2.StreamingInputCallRequest()
         request.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
         request.payload.payload_compressable = 'a'
         yield request
 
 
-def _streaming_output_request():
-    request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+def _streaming_output_request(requests_pb2):
+    request = requests_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
     sizes = [1, 2, 3]
     request.response_parameters.add(size=sizes[0], interval_us=0)
     request.response_parameters.add(size=sizes[1], interval_us=0)
@@ -209,11 +253,11 @@ def _streaming_output_request():
     return request
 
 
-def _full_duplex_request_iterator():
-    request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+def _full_duplex_request_iterator(requests_pb2):
+    request = requests_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
     request.response_parameters.add(size=1, interval_us=0)
     yield request
-    request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+    request = requests_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
     request.response_parameters.add(size=2, interval_us=0)
     request.response_parameters.add(size=3, interval_us=0)
     yield request
@@ -227,22 +271,78 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
   methods and does not exist for response-streaming methods.
   """
 
+    def setUp(self):
+        self._directory = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir='.')
+        self._proto_path = path.join(self._directory, _RELATIVE_PROTO_PATH)
+        self._python_out = path.join(self._directory, _RELATIVE_PYTHON_OUT)
+
+        os.makedirs(self._proto_path)
+        os.makedirs(self._python_out)
+
+        directories_path_components = {
+            proto_file_path_components[:-1]
+            for proto_file_path_components in _PROTO_FILES_PATH_COMPONENTS
+        }
+        _create_directory_tree(self._proto_path, directories_path_components)
+        self._proto_file_names = set()
+        for proto_file_path_components in _PROTO_FILES_PATH_COMPONENTS:
+            raw_proto_content = pkgutil.get_data(
+                'tests.protoc_plugin.protos',
+                path.join(*proto_file_path_components[1:]))
+            massaged_proto_content = _massage_proto_content(raw_proto_content)
+            proto_file_name = path.join(self._proto_path,
+                                        *proto_file_path_components)
+            with open(proto_file_name, 'wb') as proto_file:
+                proto_file.write(massaged_proto_content)
+            self._proto_file_names.add(proto_file_name)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        shutil.rmtree(self._directory)
+
+    def _protoc(self):
+        args = [
+            '',
+            '--proto_path={}'.format(self._proto_path),
+            '--python_out={}'.format(self._python_out),
+            '--grpc_python_out=grpc_1_0:{}'.format(self._python_out),
+        ] + list(self._proto_file_names)
+        protoc_exit_code = protoc.main(args)
+        self.assertEqual(0, protoc_exit_code)
+
+        _packagify(self._python_out)
+
+        with _system_path([
+                self._python_out,
+        ]):
+            self._payload_pb2 = importlib.import_module(_PAYLOAD_PB2)
+            self._requests_pb2 = importlib.import_module(_REQUESTS_PB2)
+            self._responses_pb2 = importlib.import_module(_RESPONSES_PB2)
+            self._service_pb2 = importlib.import_module(_SERVICE_PB2)
+
     def testImportAttributes(self):
+        self._protoc()
+
         # check that we can access the generated module and its members.
-        self.assertIsNotNone(getattr(service_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER, None))
-        self.assertIsNotNone(getattr(service_pb2, STUB_IDENTIFIER, None))
         self.assertIsNotNone(
-            getattr(service_pb2, SERVER_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER, None))
+            getattr(self._service_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER, None))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(getattr(self._service_pb2, STUB_IDENTIFIER, None))
         self.assertIsNotNone(
-            getattr(service_pb2, STUB_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER, None))
+            getattr(self._service_pb2, SERVER_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER, None))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(
+            getattr(self._service_pb2, STUB_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER, None))
 
     def testUpDown(self):
-        with _CreateService():
-            request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2):
+            self._requests_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
 
     def testIncompleteServicer(self):
-        with _CreateIncompleteService() as (_, stub):
-            request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateIncompleteService(self._service_pb2) as (_, stub):
+            request = self._requests_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
             try:
                 stub.UnaryCall(request, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
             except face.AbortionError as error:
@@ -250,15 +350,21 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                                  error.code)
 
     def testUnaryCall(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
-            request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+            request = self._requests_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
             response = stub.UnaryCall(request, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
         expected_response = methods.UnaryCall(request, 'not a real context!')
         self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
     def testUnaryCallFuture(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
-            request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+            request = self._requests_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
             # Check that the call does not block waiting for the server to respond.
             with methods.pause():
                 response_future = stub.UnaryCall.future(
@@ -268,8 +374,11 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
     def testUnaryCallFutureExpired(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
-            request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+            request = self._requests_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
             with methods.pause():
                 response_future = stub.UnaryCall.future(
                     request, test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
@@ -277,24 +386,33 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                     response_future.result()
 
     def testUnaryCallFutureCancelled(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
-            request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+            request = self._requests_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
             with methods.pause():
                 response_future = stub.UnaryCall.future(request, 1)
                 response_future.cancel()
                 self.assertTrue(response_future.cancelled())
 
     def testUnaryCallFutureFailed(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
-            request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+            request = self._requests_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
             with methods.fail():
                 response_future = stub.UnaryCall.future(
                     request, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
                 self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.exception())
 
     def testStreamingOutputCall(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
-            request = _streaming_output_request()
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+            request = _streaming_output_request(self._requests_pb2)
             responses = stub.StreamingOutputCall(request,
                                                  test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
             expected_responses = methods.StreamingOutputCall(
@@ -304,8 +422,11 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
     def testStreamingOutputCallExpired(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
-            request = _streaming_output_request()
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+            request = _streaming_output_request(self._requests_pb2)
             with methods.pause():
                 responses = stub.StreamingOutputCall(
                     request, test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
@@ -313,8 +434,11 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                     list(responses)
 
     def testStreamingOutputCallCancelled(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
-            request = _streaming_output_request()
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+            request = _streaming_output_request(self._requests_pb2)
             responses = stub.StreamingOutputCall(request,
                                                  test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
             next(responses)
@@ -323,8 +447,11 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 next(responses)
 
     def testStreamingOutputCallFailed(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
-            request = _streaming_output_request()
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+            request = _streaming_output_request(self._requests_pb2)
             with methods.fail():
                 responses = stub.StreamingOutputCall(request, 1)
                 self.assertIsNotNone(responses)
@@ -332,30 +459,46 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                     next(responses)
 
     def testStreamingInputCall(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
             response = stub.StreamingInputCall(
-                _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
+                _streaming_input_request_iterator(self._payload_pb2,
+                                                  self._requests_pb2),
                 test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
         expected_response = methods.StreamingInputCall(
-            _streaming_input_request_iterator(), 'not a real RpcContext!')
+            _streaming_input_request_iterator(self._payload_pb2,
+                                              self._requests_pb2),
+            'not a real RpcContext!')
         self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
     def testStreamingInputCallFuture(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
             with methods.pause():
                 response_future = stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
-                    _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
+                    _streaming_input_request_iterator(self._payload_pb2,
+                                                      self._requests_pb2),
                     test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
             response = response_future.result()
         expected_response = methods.StreamingInputCall(
-            _streaming_input_request_iterator(), 'not a real RpcContext!')
+            _streaming_input_request_iterator(self._payload_pb2,
+                                              self._requests_pb2),
+            'not a real RpcContext!')
         self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
     def testStreamingInputCallFutureExpired(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
             with methods.pause():
                 response_future = stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
-                    _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
+                    _streaming_input_request_iterator(self._payload_pb2,
+                                                      self._requests_pb2),
                     test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
                 with self.assertRaises(face.ExpirationError):
                     response_future.result()
@@ -363,10 +506,14 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                                       face.ExpirationError)
 
     def testStreamingInputCallFutureCancelled(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
             with methods.pause():
                 response_future = stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
-                    _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
+                    _streaming_input_request_iterator(self._payload_pb2,
+                                                      self._requests_pb2),
                     test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
                 response_future.cancel()
                 self.assertTrue(response_future.cancelled())
@@ -374,26 +521,38 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 response_future.result()
 
     def testStreamingInputCallFutureFailed(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
             with methods.fail():
                 response_future = stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
-                    _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
+                    _streaming_input_request_iterator(self._payload_pb2,
+                                                      self._requests_pb2),
                     test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
                 self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.exception())
 
     def testFullDuplexCall(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
-            responses = stub.FullDuplexCall(_full_duplex_request_iterator(),
-                                            test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+            responses = stub.FullDuplexCall(
+                _full_duplex_request_iterator(self._requests_pb2),
+                test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
             expected_responses = methods.FullDuplexCall(
-                _full_duplex_request_iterator(), 'not a real RpcContext!')
+                _full_duplex_request_iterator(self._requests_pb2),
+                'not a real RpcContext!')
             for expected_response, response in moves.zip_longest(
                     expected_responses, responses):
                 self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
     def testFullDuplexCallExpired(self):
-        request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator()
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+        self._protoc()
+
+        request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator(self._requests_pb2)
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
             with methods.pause():
                 responses = stub.FullDuplexCall(request_iterator,
                                                 test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
@@ -401,8 +560,11 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                     list(responses)
 
     def testFullDuplexCallCancelled(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
-            request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator()
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+            request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator(self._requests_pb2)
             responses = stub.FullDuplexCall(request_iterator,
                                             test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
             next(responses)
@@ -411,8 +573,11 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 next(responses)
 
     def testFullDuplexCallFailed(self):
-        request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator()
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+        self._protoc()
+
+        request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator(self._requests_pb2)
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
             with methods.fail():
                 responses = stub.FullDuplexCall(request_iterator,
                                                 test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
@@ -421,13 +586,16 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                     next(responses)
 
     def testHalfDuplexCall(self):
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+        self._protoc()
+
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
 
             def half_duplex_request_iterator():
-                request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+                request = self._requests_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
                 request.response_parameters.add(size=1, interval_us=0)
                 yield request
-                request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+                request = self._requests_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
                 request.response_parameters.add(size=2, interval_us=0)
                 request.response_parameters.add(size=3, interval_us=0)
                 yield request
@@ -441,6 +609,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
     def testHalfDuplexCallWedged(self):
+        self._protoc()
+
         condition = threading.Condition()
         wait_cell = [False]
 
@@ -455,14 +625,15 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 condition.notify_all()
 
         def half_duplex_request_iterator():
-            request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+            request = self._requests_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
             request.response_parameters.add(size=1, interval_us=0)
             yield request
             with condition:
                 while wait_cell[0]:
                     condition.wait()
 
-        with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+        with _CreateService(self._payload_pb2, self._responses_pb2,
+                            self._service_pb2) as (methods, stub):
             with wait():
                 responses = stub.HalfDuplexCall(half_duplex_request_iterator(),
                                                 test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/invocation_testing/split_messages/messages.proto b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/invocation_testing/split_messages/sub/messages.proto
index 1b780c69ba..1b780c69ba 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/invocation_testing/split_messages/messages.proto
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/invocation_testing/split_messages/sub/messages.proto
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/benchmark_server.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/benchmark_server.py
index 05101fdc6d..bb07844491 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/benchmark_server.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/benchmark_server.py
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from src.proto.grpc.testing import messages_pb2
-from src.proto.grpc.testing import services_pb2
+from src.proto.grpc.testing import services_pb2_grpc
 
 
-class BenchmarkServer(services_pb2.BenchmarkServiceServicer):
+class BenchmarkServer(services_pb2_grpc.BenchmarkServiceServicer):
     """Synchronous Server implementation for the Benchmark service."""
 
     def UnaryCall(self, request, context):
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class BenchmarkServer(services_pb2.BenchmarkServiceServicer):
             yield messages_pb2.SimpleResponse(payload=payload)
 
 
-class GenericBenchmarkServer(services_pb2.BenchmarkServiceServicer):
+class GenericBenchmarkServer(services_pb2_grpc.BenchmarkServiceServicer):
     """Generic Server implementation for the Benchmark service."""
 
     def __init__(self, resp_size):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/stress/metrics_server.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/stress/metrics_server.py
index 11ab6c3f4e..33a74b4a38 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/stress/metrics_server.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/stress/metrics_server.py
@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@
 import time
 
 from src.proto.grpc.testing import metrics_pb2
+from src.proto.grpc.testing import metrics_pb2_grpc
 
 GAUGE_NAME = 'python_overall_qps'
 
 
-class MetricsServer(metrics_pb2.MetricsServiceServicer):
+class MetricsServer(metrics_pb2_grpc.MetricsServiceServicer):
 
     def __init__(self, histogram):
         self._start_time = time.time()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/tests.json b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/tests.json
index 4c078e6c22..8512d5b96f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/tests.json
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/tests.json
@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 [
+  "_sanity._sanity_test.SanityTest",
   "health_check._health_servicer_test.HealthServicerTest",
   "interop._insecure_intraop_test.InsecureIntraopTest",
   "interop._secure_intraop_test.SecureIntraopTest",
   "protoc_plugin._python_plugin_test.PythonPluginTest",
-  "protoc_plugin._split_definitions_test.SameCommonTest",
-  "protoc_plugin._split_definitions_test.SameSeparateTest",
-  "protoc_plugin._split_definitions_test.SplitCommonTest",
-  "protoc_plugin._split_definitions_test.SplitSeparateTest",
+  "protoc_plugin._split_definitions_test.SameProtoGrpcBeforeProtoProtocStyleTest",
+  "protoc_plugin._split_definitions_test.SameProtoMid2016ProtocStyleTest",
+  "protoc_plugin._split_definitions_test.SameProtoProtoBeforeGrpcProtocStyleTest",
+  "protoc_plugin._split_definitions_test.SameProtoSingleProtocExecutionProtocStyleTest",
+  "protoc_plugin._split_definitions_test.SplitProtoGrpcBeforeProtoProtocStyleTest",
+  "protoc_plugin._split_definitions_test.SplitProtoMid2016ProtocStyleTest",
+  "protoc_plugin._split_definitions_test.SplitProtoProtoBeforeGrpcProtocStyleTest",
+  "protoc_plugin._split_definitions_test.SplitProtoSingleProtocExecutionProtocStyleTest",
   "protoc_plugin.beta_python_plugin_test.PythonPluginTest",
   "reflection._reflection_servicer_test.ReflectionServicerTest",
   "testing._client_test.ClientTest",
@@ -41,7 +46,6 @@
   "unit._reconnect_test.ReconnectTest",
   "unit._resource_exhausted_test.ResourceExhaustedTest",
   "unit._rpc_test.RPCTest",
-  "unit._sanity._sanity_test.Sanity",
   "unit._thread_cleanup_test.CleanupThreadTest",
   "unit.beta._beta_features_test.BetaFeaturesTest",
   "unit.beta._beta_features_test.ContextManagementAndLifecycleTest",
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_sanity/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_sanity/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5772620b60..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_sanity/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2016 gRPC authors.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.c b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.c
index 70831494fa..57b543967e 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.c
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.c
@@ -22,6 +22,16 @@
 
 #include "rb_grpc_imports.generated.h"
 
+grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_type grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_import;
+grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_type grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_import;
+grpc_byte_buffer_copy_type grpc_byte_buffer_copy_import;
+grpc_byte_buffer_length_type grpc_byte_buffer_length_import;
+grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_type grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_import;
+grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_import;
+grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_import;
+grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_import;
+grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_import;
+grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_type grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_import;
 census_initialize_type census_initialize_import;
 census_shutdown_type census_shutdown_import;
 census_supported_type census_supported_import;
@@ -158,16 +168,6 @@ grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_ex_type grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_ex
 grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port_type grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port_import;
 grpc_call_set_credentials_type grpc_call_set_credentials_import;
 grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_type grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_import;
-grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_type grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_import;
-grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_type grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_copy_type grpc_byte_buffer_copy_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_length_type grpc_byte_buffer_length_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_type grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_import;
-grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_type grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_import;
 grpc_slice_ref_type grpc_slice_ref_import;
 grpc_slice_unref_type grpc_slice_unref_import;
 grpc_slice_copy_type grpc_slice_copy_import;
@@ -330,6 +330,16 @@ gpr_sleep_until_type gpr_sleep_until_import;
 gpr_timespec_to_micros_type gpr_timespec_to_micros_import;
 
 void grpc_rb_load_imports(HMODULE library) {
+  grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_import = (grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create");
+  grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_import = (grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create");
+  grpc_byte_buffer_copy_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_copy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_copy");
+  grpc_byte_buffer_length_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_length_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_length");
+  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_destroy");
+  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init");
+  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy");
+  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next");
+  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall");
+  grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_import = (grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader");
   census_initialize_import = (census_initialize_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_initialize");
   census_shutdown_import = (census_shutdown_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_shutdown");
   census_supported_import = (census_supported_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_supported");
@@ -466,16 +476,6 @@ void grpc_rb_load_imports(HMODULE library) {
   grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port_import = (grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port");
   grpc_call_set_credentials_import = (grpc_call_set_credentials_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_set_credentials");
   grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_import = (grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor");
-  grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_import = (grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create");
-  grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_import = (grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_copy_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_copy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_copy");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_length_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_length_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_length");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_destroy");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall");
-  grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_import = (grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader");
   grpc_slice_ref_import = (grpc_slice_ref_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_slice_ref");
   grpc_slice_unref_import = (grpc_slice_unref_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_slice_unref");
   grpc_slice_copy_import = (grpc_slice_copy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_slice_copy");
diff --git a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.h b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.h
index 263057f309..55a7eed1a4 100644
--- a/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.h
+++ b/src/ruby/ext/grpc/rb_grpc_imports.generated.h
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@
 
 #include <windows.h>
 
+#include <grpc/byte_buffer.h>
 #include <grpc/census.h>
 #include <grpc/compression.h>
 #include <grpc/grpc.h>
 #include <grpc/grpc_posix.h>
 #include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
-#include <grpc/impl/codegen/byte_buffer.h>
 #include <grpc/slice.h>
 #include <grpc/slice_buffer.h>
 #include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
@@ -47,6 +47,36 @@
 #include <grpc/support/thd.h>
 #include <grpc/support/time.h>
 
+typedef grpc_byte_buffer *(*grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_type)(grpc_slice *slices, size_t nslices);
+extern grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_type grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_import;
+#define grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_import
+typedef grpc_byte_buffer *(*grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_type)(grpc_slice *slices, size_t nslices, grpc_compression_algorithm compression);
+extern grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_type grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_import;
+#define grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_import
+typedef grpc_byte_buffer *(*grpc_byte_buffer_copy_type)(grpc_byte_buffer *bb);
+extern grpc_byte_buffer_copy_type grpc_byte_buffer_copy_import;
+#define grpc_byte_buffer_copy grpc_byte_buffer_copy_import
+typedef size_t(*grpc_byte_buffer_length_type)(grpc_byte_buffer *bb);
+extern grpc_byte_buffer_length_type grpc_byte_buffer_length_import;
+#define grpc_byte_buffer_length grpc_byte_buffer_length_import
+typedef void(*grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_type)(grpc_byte_buffer *byte_buffer);
+extern grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_type grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_import;
+#define grpc_byte_buffer_destroy grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_import
+typedef int(*grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader, grpc_byte_buffer *buffer);
+extern grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_import;
+#define grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_import
+typedef void(*grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader);
+extern grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_import;
+#define grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_import
+typedef int(*grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader, grpc_slice *slice);
+extern grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_import;
+#define grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_import
+typedef grpc_slice(*grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader);
+extern grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_import;
+#define grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_import
+typedef grpc_byte_buffer *(*grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader);
+extern grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_type grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_import;
+#define grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_import
 typedef int(*census_initialize_type)(int features);
 extern census_initialize_type census_initialize_import;
 #define census_initialize census_initialize_import
@@ -134,10 +164,10 @@ extern census_record_values_type census_record_values_import;
 typedef int(*grpc_compression_algorithm_parse_type)(grpc_slice value, grpc_compression_algorithm *algorithm);
 extern grpc_compression_algorithm_parse_type grpc_compression_algorithm_parse_import;
 #define grpc_compression_algorithm_parse grpc_compression_algorithm_parse_import
-typedef int(*grpc_compression_algorithm_name_type)(grpc_compression_algorithm algorithm, char **name);
+typedef int(*grpc_compression_algorithm_name_type)(grpc_compression_algorithm algorithm, const char **name);
 extern grpc_compression_algorithm_name_type grpc_compression_algorithm_name_import;
 #define grpc_compression_algorithm_name grpc_compression_algorithm_name_import
-typedef int(*grpc_stream_compression_algorithm_name_type)(grpc_stream_compression_algorithm algorithm, char **name);
+typedef int(*grpc_stream_compression_algorithm_name_type)(grpc_stream_compression_algorithm algorithm, const char **name);
 extern grpc_stream_compression_algorithm_name_type grpc_stream_compression_algorithm_name_import;
 #define grpc_stream_compression_algorithm_name grpc_stream_compression_algorithm_name_import
 typedef grpc_compression_algorithm(*grpc_compression_algorithm_for_level_type)(grpc_compression_level level, uint32_t accepted_encodings);
@@ -455,36 +485,6 @@ extern grpc_call_set_credentials_type grpc_call_set_credentials_import;
 typedef void(*grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_type)(grpc_server_credentials *creds, grpc_auth_metadata_processor processor);
 extern grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_type grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_import;
 #define grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_import
-typedef grpc_byte_buffer *(*grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_type)(grpc_slice *slices, size_t nslices);
-extern grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_type grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_import;
-#define grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_import
-typedef grpc_byte_buffer *(*grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_type)(grpc_slice *slices, size_t nslices, grpc_compression_algorithm compression);
-extern grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_type grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_import;
-#define grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_import
-typedef grpc_byte_buffer *(*grpc_byte_buffer_copy_type)(grpc_byte_buffer *bb);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_copy_type grpc_byte_buffer_copy_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_copy grpc_byte_buffer_copy_import
-typedef size_t(*grpc_byte_buffer_length_type)(grpc_byte_buffer *bb);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_length_type grpc_byte_buffer_length_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_length grpc_byte_buffer_length_import
-typedef void(*grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_type)(grpc_byte_buffer *byte_buffer);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_type grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_destroy grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_import
-typedef int(*grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader, grpc_byte_buffer *buffer);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_import
-typedef void(*grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_import
-typedef int(*grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader, grpc_slice *slice);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_import
-typedef grpc_slice(*grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_import
-typedef grpc_byte_buffer *(*grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader);
-extern grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_type grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_import;
-#define grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_import
 typedef grpc_slice(*grpc_slice_ref_type)(grpc_slice s);
 extern grpc_slice_ref_type grpc_slice_ref_import;
 #define grpc_slice_ref grpc_slice_ref_import
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/invocation_testing/split_services/__init__.py b/src/ruby/lib/grpc/google_rpc_status_utils.rb
index 5772620b60..fdadd6b76e 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/invocation_testing/split_services/__init__.py
+++ b/src/ruby/lib/grpc/google_rpc_status_utils.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2016 gRPC authors.
+# Copyright 2017 gRPC authors.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -11,3 +11,18 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+
+require_relative './grpc'
+require 'google/rpc/status_pb'
+
+# GRPC contains the General RPC module.
+module GRPC
+  # GoogleRpcStatusUtils provides utilities to convert between a
+  # GRPC::Core::Status and a deserialized Google::Rpc::Status proto
+  class GoogleRpcStatusUtils
+    def self.extract_google_rpc_status(status)
+      fail ArgumentError, 'bad type' unless status.is_a? Struct::Status
+      Google::Rpc::Status.decode(status.metadata['grpc-status-details-bin'])
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/src/ruby/qps/proxy-worker.rb b/src/ruby/qps/proxy-worker.rb
index d7a9f114bd..488610ae74 100755
--- a/src/ruby/qps/proxy-worker.rb
+++ b/src/ruby/qps/proxy-worker.rb
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class ProxyBenchmarkClientServiceImpl < Grpc::Testing::ProxyClientService::Servi
     @histogram = Histogram.new(@histres, @histmax)
     @start_time = Time.now
     # TODO(vjpai): Support multiple client channels by spawning off a PHP client per channel
-    command = "php " + File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)) + "/../../php/tests/qps/client.php " + @mytarget
+    command = "php -d extension=" + File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)) + "/../../php/ext/grpc/modules/grpc.so " + File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)) + "/../../php/tests/qps/client.php " + @mytarget
     puts "Starting command: " + command
     @php_pid = spawn(command)
   end
diff --git a/src/ruby/spec/google_rpc_status_utils_spec.rb b/src/ruby/spec/google_rpc_status_utils_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe221c30dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ruby/spec/google_rpc_status_utils_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+# Copyright 2017 gRPC authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+require 'grpc'
+require_relative '../lib/grpc/google_rpc_status_utils'
+require_relative '../pb/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages_pb'
+require_relative '../pb/src/proto/grpc/testing/messages_pb'
+require 'google/protobuf/well_known_types'
+
+include GRPC::Core
+
+describe 'conversion from a status struct to a google protobuf status' do
+  it 'fails if the input is not a status struct' do
+    begin
+      GRPC::GoogleRpcStatusUtils.extract_google_rpc_status('string')
+    rescue => e
+      exception = e
+    end
+    expect(exception.is_a?(ArgumentError)).to be true
+    expect(exception.message.include?('bad type')).to be true
+  end
+
+  it 'fails with some error if the header key is missing' do
+    status = Struct::Status.new(1, 'details', key: 'val')
+    expect(status.metadata.nil?).to be false
+    expect do
+      GRPC::GoogleRpcStatusUtils.extract_google_rpc_status(status)
+    end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+  end
+
+  it 'fails with some error if the header key fails to deserialize' do
+    status = Struct::Status.new(1, 'details',
+                                'grpc-status-details-bin' => 'string_val')
+    expect do
+      GRPC::GoogleRpcStatusUtils.extract_google_rpc_status(status)
+    end.to raise_error(StandardError)
+  end
+
+  it 'silently ignores erroneous mismatch between messages in '\
+    'status struct and protobuf status' do
+    proto = Google::Rpc::Status.new(code: 1, message: 'proto message')
+    encoded_proto = Google::Rpc::Status.encode(proto)
+    status = Struct::Status.new(1, 'struct message',
+                                'grpc-status-details-bin' => encoded_proto)
+    rpc_status = GRPC::GoogleRpcStatusUtils.extract_google_rpc_status(status)
+    expect(rpc_status).to eq(proto)
+  end
+
+  it 'silently ignores erroneous mismatch between codes in status struct '\
+    'and protobuf status' do
+    proto = Google::Rpc::Status.new(code: 1, message: 'matching message')
+    encoded_proto = Google::Rpc::Status.encode(proto)
+    status = Struct::Status.new(2, 'matching message',
+                                'grpc-status-details-bin' => encoded_proto)
+    rpc_status = GRPC::GoogleRpcStatusUtils.extract_google_rpc_status(status)
+    expect(rpc_status).to eq(proto)
+  end
+
+  it 'can succesfully convert a status struct into a google protobuf status '\
+    'when there are no rpcstatus details' do
+    proto = Google::Rpc::Status.new(code: 1, message: 'matching message')
+    encoded_proto = Google::Rpc::Status.encode(proto)
+    status = Struct::Status.new(1, 'matching message',
+                                'grpc-status-details-bin' => encoded_proto)
+    out = GRPC::GoogleRpcStatusUtils.extract_google_rpc_status(status)
+    expect(out.code).to eq(1)
+    expect(out.message).to eq('matching message')
+    expect(out.details).to eq([])
+  end
+
+  it 'can succesfully convert a status struct into a google protobuf '\
+    'status when there are multiple rpcstatus details' do
+    simple_request_any = Google::Protobuf::Any.new
+    simple_request = Grpc::Testing::SimpleRequest.new(
+      payload: Grpc::Testing::Payload.new(body: 'request'))
+    simple_request_any.pack(simple_request)
+    simple_response_any = Google::Protobuf::Any.new
+    simple_response = Grpc::Testing::SimpleResponse.new(
+      payload: Grpc::Testing::Payload.new(body: 'response'))
+    simple_response_any.pack(simple_response)
+    payload_any = Google::Protobuf::Any.new
+    payload = Grpc::Testing::Payload.new(body: 'payload')
+    payload_any.pack(payload)
+    proto = Google::Rpc::Status.new(code: 1,
+                                    message: 'matching message',
+                                    details: [
+                                      simple_request_any,
+                                      simple_response_any,
+                                      payload_any
+                                    ])
+    encoded_proto = Google::Rpc::Status.encode(proto)
+    status = Struct::Status.new(1, 'matching message',
+                                'grpc-status-details-bin' => encoded_proto)
+    out = GRPC::GoogleRpcStatusUtils.extract_google_rpc_status(status)
+    expect(out.code).to eq(1)
+    expect(out.message).to eq('matching message')
+    expect(out.details[0].unpack(
+             Grpc::Testing::SimpleRequest)).to eq(simple_request)
+    expect(out.details[1].unpack(
+             Grpc::Testing::SimpleResponse)).to eq(simple_response)
+    expect(out.details[2].unpack(
+             Grpc::Testing::Payload)).to eq(payload)
+  end
+end
+
+# Test message
+class EchoMsg
+  def self.marshal(_o)
+    ''
+  end
+
+  def self.unmarshal(_o)
+    EchoMsg.new
+  end
+end
+
+# A test service that fills in the "reserved" grpc-status-details-bin trailer,
+# for client-side testing of GoogleRpcStatus protobuf extraction from trailers.
+class GoogleRpcStatusTestService
+  include GRPC::GenericService
+  rpc :an_rpc, EchoMsg, EchoMsg
+
+  def initialize(encoded_rpc_status)
+    @encoded_rpc_status = encoded_rpc_status
+  end
+
+  def an_rpc(_, _)
+    # TODO: create a server-side utility API for sending a google rpc status.
+    # Applications are not expected to set the grpc-status-details-bin
+    # ("grpc"-fixed and reserved for library use) manually.
+    # Doing so here is only for testing of the client-side api for extracting
+    # a google rpc status, which is useful
+    # when the interacting with a server that does fill in this trailer.
+    fail GRPC::Unknown.new('test message',
+                           'grpc-status-details-bin' => @encoded_rpc_status)
+  end
+end
+
+GoogleRpcStatusTestStub = GoogleRpcStatusTestService.rpc_stub_class
+
+describe 'receving a google rpc status from a remote endpoint' do
+  def start_server(encoded_rpc_status)
+    @srv = GRPC::RpcServer.new(pool_size: 1)
+    @server_port = @srv.add_http2_port('localhost:0',
+                                       :this_port_is_insecure)
+    @srv.handle(GoogleRpcStatusTestService.new(encoded_rpc_status))
+    @server_thd = Thread.new { @srv.run }
+    @srv.wait_till_running
+  end
+
+  def stop_server
+    expect(@srv.stopped?).to be(false)
+    @srv.stop
+    @server_thd.join
+    expect(@srv.stopped?).to be(true)
+  end
+
+  before(:each) do
+    simple_request_any = Google::Protobuf::Any.new
+    simple_request = Grpc::Testing::SimpleRequest.new(
+      payload: Grpc::Testing::Payload.new(body: 'request'))
+    simple_request_any.pack(simple_request)
+    simple_response_any = Google::Protobuf::Any.new
+    simple_response = Grpc::Testing::SimpleResponse.new(
+      payload: Grpc::Testing::Payload.new(body: 'response'))
+    simple_response_any.pack(simple_response)
+    payload_any = Google::Protobuf::Any.new
+    payload = Grpc::Testing::Payload.new(body: 'payload')
+    payload_any.pack(payload)
+    @expected_proto = Google::Rpc::Status.new(
+      code: StatusCodes::UNKNOWN,
+      message: 'test message',
+      details: [simple_request_any, simple_response_any, payload_any])
+    start_server(Google::Rpc::Status.encode(@expected_proto))
+  end
+
+  after(:each) do
+    stop_server
+  end
+
+  it 'should receive be able to extract a google rpc status from the '\
+    'status struct taken from a BadStatus exception' do
+    stub = GoogleRpcStatusTestStub.new("localhost:#{@server_port}",
+                                       :this_channel_is_insecure)
+    begin
+      stub.an_rpc(EchoMsg.new)
+    rescue GRPC::BadStatus => e
+      rpc_status = GRPC::GoogleRpcStatusUtils.extract_google_rpc_status(
+        e.to_status)
+    end
+    expect(rpc_status).to eq(@expected_proto)
+  end
+
+  it 'should receive be able to extract a google rpc status from the '\
+    'status struct taken from the op view of a call' do
+    stub = GoogleRpcStatusTestStub.new("localhost:#{@server_port}",
+                                       :this_channel_is_insecure)
+    op = stub.an_rpc(EchoMsg.new, return_op: true)
+    begin
+      op.execute
+    rescue GRPC::BadStatus => e
+      status_from_exception = e.to_status
+    end
+    rpc_status = GRPC::GoogleRpcStatusUtils.extract_google_rpc_status(
+      op.status)
+    expect(rpc_status).to eq(@expected_proto)
+    # "to_status" on the bad status should give the same result
+    # as "status" on the "op view".
+    expect(GRPC::GoogleRpcStatusUtils.extract_google_rpc_status(
+             status_from_exception)).to eq(rpc_status)
+  end
+end