merge to upstream/master

199 files changed, 4144 insertions, 14349 deletions

diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/.gitignore b/src/python/grpcio/.gitignore
index 6e5e65096c..7cd8fab273 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/.gitignore
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/.gitignore
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ dist/
 .coverage
 .coverage.*
 .cache/
-.tox/
 nosetests.xml
 doc/
 _grpcio_metadata.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/README.rst b/src/python/grpcio/README.rst
index afc4fe6a37..3fc318539e 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/README.rst
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/README.rst
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ package named :code:`python-dev`).
 ::
 
   $ export REPO_ROOT=grpc  # REPO_ROOT can be any directory of your choice
-  $ git clone https://github.com/grpc/grpc.git $REPO_ROOT
+  $ git clone -b $(curl -L http://grpc.io/release) https://github.com/grpc/grpc $REPO_ROOT
   $ cd $REPO_ROOT
   $ git submodule update --init
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/_unixccompiler_patch.py b/src/python/grpcio/_unixccompiler_patch.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ce5d63e98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/_unixccompiler_patch.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Covers inadequacies in distutils."""
+
+from distutils import ccompiler
+from distutils import errors
+from distutils import unixccompiler
+import os
+import os.path
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tempfile
+
+def _unix_commandfile_spawn(self, command):
+  """Wrapper around distutils.util.spawn that attempts to use command files.
+
+  Meant to replace the CCompiler method `spawn` on UnixCCompiler and its
+  derivatives (e.g. the MinGW32 compiler).
+
+  Some commands like `gcc` (and friends like `clang`) support command files to
+  work around shell command length limits.
+  """
+  command_base = os.path.basename(command[0].strip())
+  if command_base == 'ccache':
+    command_base = command[:2]
+    command_args = command[2:]
+  elif command_base.startswith('ccache') or command_base in ['gcc', 'clang', 'clang++', 'g++']:
+    command_base = command[:1]
+    command_args = command[1:]
+  else:
+    return ccompiler.CCompiler.spawn(self, command)
+  temporary_directory = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+  command_filename = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(temporary_directory, 'command'))
+  with open(command_filename, 'w') as command_file:
+    escaped_args = [arg.replace('\\', '\\\\') for arg in command_args]
+    command_file.write(' '.join(escaped_args))
+  modified_command = command_base + ['@{}'.format(command_filename)]
+  result = ccompiler.CCompiler.spawn(self, modified_command)
+  shutil.rmtree(temporary_directory)
+  return result
+
+
+def monkeypatch_unix_compiler():
+  """Monkeypatching is dumb, but it's either that or we become maintainers of
+     something much, much bigger."""
+  unixccompiler.UnixCCompiler.spawn = _unix_commandfile_spawn
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/commands.py b/src/python/grpcio/commands.py
index 295dab2d27..86a73fa836 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/commands.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/commands.py
@@ -58,10 +58,31 @@ CONF_PY_ADDENDUM = """
 extensions.append('sphinx.ext.napoleon')
 napoleon_google_docstring = True
 napoleon_numpy_docstring = True
+napoleon_include_special_with_doc = True
 
 html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
 """
 
+API_GLOSSARY = """
+
+Glossary
+================
+
+.. glossary::
+
+  metadatum
+    A key-value pair included in the HTTP header.  It is a 
+    2-tuple where the first entry is the key and the
+    second is the value, i.e. (key, value).  The metadata key is an ASCII str,
+    and must be a valid HTTP header name.  The metadata value can be
+    either a valid HTTP ASCII str, or bytes.  If bytes are provided,
+    the key must end with '-bin', i.e.
+    ``('binary-metadata-bin', b'\\x00\\xFF')``
+
+  metadata
+    A sequence of metadatum.
+"""
+
 
 class CommandError(Exception):
   """Simple exception class for GRPC custom commands."""
@@ -131,76 +152,12 @@ class SphinxDocumentation(setuptools.Command):
     conf_filepath = os.path.join('doc', 'src', 'conf.py')
     with open(conf_filepath, 'a') as conf_file:
       conf_file.write(CONF_PY_ADDENDUM)
+    glossary_filepath = os.path.join('doc', 'src', 'grpc.rst')
+    with open(glossary_filepath, 'a') as glossary_filepath:
+      glossary_filepath.write(API_GLOSSARY)
     sphinx.main(['', os.path.join('doc', 'src'), os.path.join('doc', 'build')])
 
 
-class BuildProtoModules(setuptools.Command):
-  """Command to generate project *_pb2.py modules from proto files."""
-
-  description = 'build protobuf modules'
-  user_options = [
-    ('include=', None, 'path patterns to include in protobuf generation'),
-    ('exclude=', None, 'path patterns to exclude from protobuf generation')
-  ]
-
-  def initialize_options(self):
-    self.exclude = None
-    self.include = r'.*\.proto$'
-    self.protoc_command = None
-    self.grpc_python_plugin_command = None
-
-  def finalize_options(self):
-    self.protoc_command = distutils.spawn.find_executable('protoc')
-    self.grpc_python_plugin_command = distutils.spawn.find_executable(
-        'grpc_python_plugin')
-
-  def run(self):
-    if not self.protoc_command:
-      raise CommandError('could not find protoc')
-    if not self.grpc_python_plugin_command:
-      raise CommandError('could not find grpc_python_plugin '
-                         '(protoc plugin for GRPC Python)')
-
-    if not os.path.exists(PROTO_GEN_STEM):
-      os.makedirs(PROTO_GEN_STEM)
-
-    include_regex = re.compile(self.include)
-    exclude_regex = re.compile(self.exclude) if self.exclude else None
-    paths = []
-    for walk_root, directories, filenames in os.walk(PROTO_STEM):
-      for filename in filenames:
-        path = os.path.join(walk_root, filename)
-        if include_regex.match(path) and not (
-            exclude_regex and exclude_regex.match(path)):
-          paths.append(path)
-
-    # TODO(kpayson): It would be nice to do this in a batch command,
-    # but we currently have name conflicts in src/proto
-    for path in paths:
-      command = [
-          self.protoc_command,
-          '--plugin=protoc-gen-python-grpc={}'.format(
-              self.grpc_python_plugin_command),
-          '-I {}'.format(GRPC_STEM),
-          '--python_out={}'.format(PROTO_GEN_STEM),
-          '--python-grpc_out={}'.format(PROTO_GEN_STEM),
-      ] + [path]
-      try:
-        subprocess.check_output(' '.join(command), cwd=PYTHON_STEM, shell=True,
-                                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-      except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-        sys.stderr.write(
-            'warning: Command:\n{}\nMessage:\n{}\nOutput:\n{}'.format(
-                command, e.message, e.output))
-
-    # Generated proto directories dont include __init__.py, but
-    # these are needed for python package resolution
-    for walk_root, _, _ in os.walk(PROTO_GEN_STEM):
-      if walk_root != PROTO_GEN_STEM:
-        path = os.path.join(walk_root, '__init__.py')
-        open(path, 'a').close()
-
-
 class BuildProjectMetadata(setuptools.Command):
   """Command to generate project metadata in a module."""
 
@@ -223,10 +180,6 @@ class BuildPy(build_py.build_py):
   """Custom project build command."""
 
   def run(self):
-    try:
-      self.run_command('build_proto_modules')
-    except CommandError as error:
-      sys.stderr.write('warning: %s\n' % error.message)
     self.run_command('build_project_metadata')
     build_py.build_py.run(self)
 
@@ -279,76 +232,3 @@ class Gather(setuptools.Command):
       self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.install_requires)
     if self.test and self.distribution.tests_require:
       self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.tests_require)
-
-
-class TestLite(setuptools.Command):
-  """Command to run tests without fetching or building anything."""
-
-  description = 'run tests without fetching or building anything.'
-  user_options = []
-
-  def initialize_options(self):
-    pass
-
-  def finalize_options(self):
-    # distutils requires this override.
-    pass
-
-  def run(self):
-    self._add_eggs_to_path()
-
-    import tests
-    loader = tests.Loader()
-    loader.loadTestsFromNames(['tests'])
-    runner = tests.Runner()
-    result = runner.run(loader.suite)
-    if not result.wasSuccessful():
-      sys.exit('Test failure')
-
-  def _add_eggs_to_path(self):
-    """Fetch install and test requirements"""
-    self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.install_requires)
-    self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.tests_require)
-
-
-class RunInterop(test.test):
-
-  description = 'run interop test client/server'
-  user_options = [
-    ('args=', 'a', 'pass-thru arguments for the client/server'),
-    ('client', 'c', 'flag indicating to run the client'),
-    ('server', 's', 'flag indicating to run the server')
-  ]
-
-  def initialize_options(self):
-    self.args = ''
-    self.client = False
-    self.server = False
-
-  def finalize_options(self):
-    if self.client and self.server:
-      raise DistutilsOptionError('you may only specify one of client or server')
-
-  def run(self):
-    if self.distribution.install_requires:
-      self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.install_requires)
-    if self.distribution.tests_require:
-      self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.tests_require)
-    if self.client:
-      self.run_client()
-    elif self.server:
-      self.run_server()
-
-  def run_server(self):
-    # We import here to ensure that our setuptools parent has had a chance to
-    # edit the Python system path.
-    from tests.interop import server
-    sys.argv[1:] = self.args.split()
-    server.serve()
-
-  def run_client(self):
-    # We import here to ensure that our setuptools parent has had a chance to
-    # edit the Python system path.
-    from tests.interop import client
-    sys.argv[1:] = self.args.split()
-    client.test_interoperability()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/__init__.py
index 5ba5a4e1fd..fd015129f0 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/__init__.py
@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@
 
 """gRPC's Python API."""
 
-__import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)
-
 import abc
 import enum
 
@@ -212,14 +210,14 @@ class ChannelConnectivity(enum.Enum):
     READY: The channel is ready to conduct RPCs.
     TRANSIENT_FAILURE: The channel has seen a failure from which it expects to
       recover.
-    FATAL_FAILURE: The channel has seen a failure from which it cannot recover.
+    SHUTDOWN: The channel has seen a failure from which it cannot recover.
   """
   IDLE              = (_cygrpc.ConnectivityState.idle, 'idle')
   CONNECTING        = (_cygrpc.ConnectivityState.connecting, 'connecting')
   READY             = (_cygrpc.ConnectivityState.ready, 'ready')
   TRANSIENT_FAILURE = (
       _cygrpc.ConnectivityState.transient_failure, 'transient failure')
-  FATAL_FAILURE     = (_cygrpc.ConnectivityState.fatal_failure, 'fatal failure')
+  SHUTDOWN          = (_cygrpc.ConnectivityState.shutdown, 'shutdown')
 
 
 @enum.unique
@@ -314,7 +312,7 @@ class Call(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, RpcContext)):
     This method blocks until the value is available.
 
     Returns:
-      The initial metadata as a sequence of pairs of bytes.
+      The initial :term:`metadata`.
     """
     raise NotImplementedError()
 
@@ -325,7 +323,7 @@ class Call(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, RpcContext)):
     This method blocks until the value is available.
 
     Returns:
-      The trailing metadata as a sequence of pairs of bytes.
+      The trailing :term:`metadata`.
     """
     raise NotImplementedError()
 
@@ -396,8 +394,7 @@ class AuthMetadataPluginCallback(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
     """Inform the gRPC runtime of the metadata to construct a CallCredentials.
 
     Args:
-      metadata: An iterable of 2-sequences (e.g. tuples) of metadata key/value
-        pairs.
+      metadata: The :term:`metadata` used to construct the CallCredentials.
       error: An Exception to indicate error or None to indicate success.
     """
     raise NotImplementedError()
@@ -438,23 +435,39 @@ class UnaryUnaryMultiCallable(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
   """Affords invoking a unary-unary RPC."""
 
   @abc.abstractmethod
-  def __call__(
-      self, request, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None,
-      with_call=False):
+  def __call__(self, request, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None):
     """Synchronously invokes the underlying RPC.
 
     Args:
       request: The request value for the RPC.
       timeout: An optional duration of time in seconds to allow for the RPC.
-      metadata: An optional sequence of pairs of bytes to be transmitted to the
+      metadata: Optional :term:`metadata` to be transmitted to the
         service-side of the RPC.
       credentials: An optional CallCredentials for the RPC.
-      with_call: Whether or not to include return a Call for the RPC in addition
-        to the response.
 
     Returns:
-      The response value for the RPC, and a Call for the RPC if with_call was
-        set to True at invocation.
+      The response value for the RPC.
+
+    Raises:
+      RpcError: Indicating that the RPC terminated with non-OK status. The
+        raised RpcError will also be a Call for the RPC affording the RPC's
+        metadata, status code, and details.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError()
+
+  @abc.abstractmethod
+  def with_call(self, request, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None):
+    """Synchronously invokes the underlying RPC.
+
+    Args:
+      request: The request value for the RPC.
+      timeout: An optional durating of time in seconds to allow for the RPC.
+      metadata: Optional :term:`metadata` to be transmitted to the
+        service-side of the RPC.
+      credentials: An optional CallCredentials for the RPC.
+
+    Returns:
+      The response value for the RPC and a Call value for the RPC.
 
     Raises:
       RpcError: Indicating that the RPC terminated with non-OK status. The
@@ -470,7 +483,7 @@ class UnaryUnaryMultiCallable(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
     Args:
       request: The request value for the RPC.
       timeout: An optional duration of time in seconds to allow for the RPC.
-      metadata: An optional sequence of pairs of bytes to be transmitted to the
+      metadata: Optional :term:`metadata` to be transmitted to the
         service-side of the RPC.
       credentials: An optional CallCredentials for the RPC.
 
@@ -493,7 +506,7 @@ class UnaryStreamMultiCallable(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
     Args:
       request: The request value for the RPC.
       timeout: An optional duration of time in seconds to allow for the RPC.
-      metadata: An optional sequence of pairs of bytes to be transmitted to the
+      metadata: An optional :term:`metadata` to be transmitted to the
         service-side of the RPC.
       credentials: An optional CallCredentials for the RPC.
 
@@ -510,18 +523,15 @@ class StreamUnaryMultiCallable(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
 
   @abc.abstractmethod
   def __call__(
-      self, request_iterator, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None,
-      with_call=False):
+      self, request_iterator, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None):
     """Synchronously invokes the underlying RPC.
 
     Args:
       request_iterator: An iterator that yields request values for the RPC.
       timeout: An optional duration of time in seconds to allow for the RPC.
-      metadata: An optional sequence of pairs of bytes to be transmitted to the
+      metadata: Optional :term:`metadata` to be transmitted to the
         service-side of the RPC.
       credentials: An optional CallCredentials for the RPC.
-      with_call: Whether or not to include return a Call for the RPC in addition
-        to the response.
 
     Returns:
       The response value for the RPC, and a Call for the RPC if with_call was
@@ -535,6 +545,28 @@ class StreamUnaryMultiCallable(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
     raise NotImplementedError()
 
   @abc.abstractmethod
+  def with_call(
+      self, request_iterator, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None):
+    """Synchronously invokes the underlying RPC.
+
+    Args:
+      request_iterator: An iterator that yields request values for the RPC.
+      timeout: An optional duration of time in seconds to allow for the RPC.
+      metadata: Optional :term:`metadata` to be transmitted to the
+        service-side of the RPC.
+      credentials: An optional CallCredentials for the RPC.
+
+    Returns:
+      The response value for the RPC and a Call for the RPC.
+
+    Raises:
+      RpcError: Indicating that the RPC terminated with non-OK status. The
+        raised RpcError will also be a Call for the RPC affording the RPC's
+        metadata, status code, and details.
+    """
+    raise NotImplementedError()
+
+  @abc.abstractmethod
   def future(
       self, request_iterator, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None):
     """Asynchronously invokes the underlying RPC.
@@ -542,7 +574,7 @@ class StreamUnaryMultiCallable(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
     Args:
       request_iterator: An iterator that yields request values for the RPC.
       timeout: An optional duration of time in seconds to allow for the RPC.
-      metadata: An optional sequence of pairs of bytes to be transmitted to the
+      metadata: Optional :term:`metadata` to be transmitted to the
         service-side of the RPC.
       credentials: An optional CallCredentials for the RPC.
 
@@ -566,7 +598,7 @@ class StreamStreamMultiCallable(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
     Args:
       request_iterator: An iterator that yields request values for the RPC.
       timeout: An optional duration of time in seconds to allow for the RPC.
-      metadata: An optional sequence of pairs of bytes to be transmitted to the
+      metadata: Optional :term:`metadata` to be transmitted to the
         service-side of the RPC.
       credentials: An optional CallCredentials for the RPC.
 
@@ -674,7 +706,7 @@ class ServicerContext(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, RpcContext)):
     """Accesses the metadata from the invocation-side of the RPC.
 
     Returns:
-      The invocation metadata object as a sequence of pairs of bytes.
+      The invocation :term:`metadata`.
     """
     raise NotImplementedError()
 
@@ -695,8 +727,7 @@ class ServicerContext(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, RpcContext)):
     service-side initial metadata to transmit.
 
     Args:
-      initial_metadata: The initial metadata of the RPC as a sequence of pairs
-        of bytes.
+      initial_metadata: The initial :term:`metadata`.
     """
     raise NotImplementedError()
 
@@ -708,8 +739,7 @@ class ServicerContext(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, RpcContext)):
     service-side trailing metadata to transmit.
 
     Args:
-      trailing_metadata: The trailing metadata of the RPC as a sequence of pairs
-        of bytes.
+      trailing_metadata: The trailing :term:`metadata`.
     """
     raise NotImplementedError()
 
@@ -782,7 +812,7 @@ class HandlerCallDetails(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
   """Describes an RPC that has just arrived for service.
   Attributes:
     method: The method name of the RPC.
-    invocation_metadata: The metadata from the invocation side of the RPC.
+    invocation_metadata: The :term:`metadata` from the invocation side of the RPC.
   """
 
 
@@ -900,6 +930,102 @@ class Server(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
 #################################  Functions    ################################
 
 
+def unary_unary_rpc_method_handler(
+    behavior, request_deserializer=None, response_serializer=None):
+  """Creates an RpcMethodHandler for a unary-unary RPC method.
+
+  Args:
+    behavior: The implementation of an RPC method as a callable behavior taking
+      a single request value and returning a single response value.
+    request_deserializer: An optional request deserialization behavior.
+    response_serializer: An optional response serialization behavior.
+
+  Returns:
+    An RpcMethodHandler for a unary-unary RPC method constructed from the given
+      parameters.
+  """
+  from grpc import _utilities
+  return _utilities.RpcMethodHandler(
+      False, False, request_deserializer, response_serializer, behavior, None,
+      None, None)
+
+
+def unary_stream_rpc_method_handler(
+    behavior, request_deserializer=None, response_serializer=None):
+  """Creates an RpcMethodHandler for a unary-stream RPC method.
+
+  Args:
+    behavior: The implementation of an RPC method as a callable behavior taking
+      a single request value and returning an iterator of response values.
+    request_deserializer: An optional request deserialization behavior.
+    response_serializer: An optional response serialization behavior.
+
+  Returns:
+    An RpcMethodHandler for a unary-stream RPC method constructed from the
+      given parameters.
+  """
+  from grpc import _utilities
+  return _utilities.RpcMethodHandler(
+      False, True, request_deserializer, response_serializer, None, behavior,
+      None, None)
+
+
+def stream_unary_rpc_method_handler(
+    behavior, request_deserializer=None, response_serializer=None):
+  """Creates an RpcMethodHandler for a stream-unary RPC method.
+
+  Args:
+    behavior: The implementation of an RPC method as a callable behavior taking
+      an iterator of request values and returning a single response value.
+    request_deserializer: An optional request deserialization behavior.
+    response_serializer: An optional response serialization behavior.
+
+  Returns:
+    An RpcMethodHandler for a stream-unary RPC method constructed from the
+      given parameters.
+  """
+  from grpc import _utilities
+  return _utilities.RpcMethodHandler(
+      True, False, request_deserializer, response_serializer, None, None,
+      behavior, None)
+
+
+def stream_stream_rpc_method_handler(
+        behavior, request_deserializer=None, response_serializer=None):
+  """Creates an RpcMethodHandler for a stream-stream RPC method.
+
+  Args:
+    behavior: The implementation of an RPC method as a callable behavior taking
+      an iterator of request values and returning an iterator of response
+      values.
+    request_deserializer: An optional request deserialization behavior.
+    response_serializer: An optional response serialization behavior.
+
+  Returns:
+    An RpcMethodHandler for a stream-stream RPC method constructed from the
+      given parameters.
+  """
+  from grpc import _utilities
+  return _utilities.RpcMethodHandler(
+      True, True, request_deserializer, response_serializer, None, None, None,
+      behavior)
+
+
+def method_handlers_generic_handler(service, method_handlers):
+  """Creates a grpc.GenericRpcHandler from RpcMethodHandlers.
+
+  Args:
+    service: A service name to be used for the given method handlers.
+    method_handlers: A dictionary from method name to RpcMethodHandler
+      implementing the named method.
+
+  Returns:
+    A GenericRpcHandler constructed from the given parameters.
+  """
+  from grpc import _utilities
+  return _utilities.DictionaryGenericHandler(service, method_handlers)
+
+
 def ssl_channel_credentials(
     root_certificates=None, private_key=None, certificate_chain=None):
   """Creates a ChannelCredentials for use with an SSL-enabled Channel.
@@ -962,37 +1088,41 @@ def access_token_call_credentials(access_token):
       _auth.AccessTokenCallCredentials(access_token))
 
 
-def composite_call_credentials(call_credentials, additional_call_credentials):
-  """Compose two CallCredentials to make a new one.
+def composite_call_credentials(*call_credentials):
+  """Compose multiple CallCredentials to make a new CallCredentials.
 
   Args:
-    call_credentials: A CallCredentials object.
-    additional_call_credentials: Another CallCredentials object to compose on
-      top of call_credentials.
+    *call_credentials: At least two CallCredentials objects.
 
   Returns:
-    A new CallCredentials composed of the two given CallCredentials.
+    A CallCredentials object composed of the given CallCredentials objects.
   """
+  from grpc import _credential_composition
+  cygrpc_call_credentials = tuple(
+      single_call_credentials._credentials
+      for single_call_credentials in call_credentials)
   return CallCredentials(
-      _cygrpc.call_credentials_composite(
-          call_credentials._credentials,
-          additional_call_credentials._credentials))
+      _credential_composition.call(cygrpc_call_credentials))
 
 
-def composite_channel_credentials(channel_credentials, call_credentials):
-  """Compose a ChannelCredentials and a CallCredentials.
+def composite_channel_credentials(channel_credentials, *call_credentials):
+  """Compose a ChannelCredentials and one or more CallCredentials objects.
 
   Args:
     channel_credentials: A ChannelCredentials.
-    call_credentials: A CallCredentials.
+    *call_credentials: One or more CallCredentials objects.
 
   Returns:
     A ChannelCredentials composed of the given ChannelCredentials and
-      CallCredentials.
+      CallCredentials objects.
   """
+  from grpc import _credential_composition
+  cygrpc_call_credentials = tuple(
+      single_call_credentials._credentials
+      for single_call_credentials in call_credentials)
   return ChannelCredentials(
-      _cygrpc.channel_credentials_composite(
-          channel_credentials._credentials, call_credentials._credentials))
+      _credential_composition.channel(
+          channel_credentials._credentials, cygrpc_call_credentials))
 
 
 def ssl_server_credentials(
@@ -1059,7 +1189,7 @@ def insecure_channel(target, options=None):
     A Channel to the target through which RPCs may be conducted.
   """
   from grpc import _channel
-  return _channel.Channel(target, None, options)
+  return _channel.Channel(target, options, None)
 
 
 def secure_channel(target, credentials, options=None):
@@ -1075,25 +1205,69 @@ def secure_channel(target, credentials, options=None):
     A Channel to the target through which RPCs may be conducted.
   """
   from grpc import _channel
-  return _channel.Channel(target, credentials, options)
+  return _channel.Channel(target, options, credentials._credentials)
 
 
-def server(generic_rpc_handlers, thread_pool, options=None):
+def server(thread_pool, handlers=None):
   """Creates a Server with which RPCs can be serviced.
 
-  The GenericRpcHandlers passed to this function needn't be the only
-  GenericRpcHandlers that will be used to serve RPCs; others may be added later
-  by calling add_generic_rpc_handlers any time before the returned server is
-  started.
-
   Args:
-    generic_rpc_handlers: Some number of GenericRpcHandlers that will be used
-      to service RPCs after the returned Server is started.
     thread_pool: A futures.ThreadPoolExecutor to be used by the returned Server
       to service RPCs.
+    handlers: An optional sequence of GenericRpcHandlers to be used to service
+      RPCs after the returned Server is started. These handlers need not be the
+      only handlers the server will use to service RPCs; other handlers may
+      later be added by calling add_generic_rpc_handlers any time before the
+      returned Server is started.
 
   Returns:
     A Server with which RPCs can be serviced.
   """
   from grpc import _server
-  return _server.Server(generic_rpc_handlers, thread_pool)
+  return _server.Server(thread_pool, () if handlers is None else handlers)
+
+
+###################################  __all__  #################################
+
+
+__all__ = (
+    'FutureTimeoutError',
+    'FutureCancelledError',
+    'Future',
+    'ChannelConnectivity',
+    'StatusCode',
+    'RpcError',
+    'RpcContext',
+    'Call',
+    'ChannelCredentials',
+    'CallCredentials',
+    'AuthMetadataContext',
+    'AuthMetadataPluginCallback',
+    'AuthMetadataPlugin',
+    'ServerCredentials',
+    'UnaryUnaryMultiCallable',
+    'UnaryStreamMultiCallable',
+    'StreamUnaryMultiCallable',
+    'StreamStreamMultiCallable',
+    'Channel',
+    'ServicerContext',
+    'RpcMethodHandler',
+    'HandlerCallDetails',
+    'GenericRpcHandler',
+    'Server',
+    'unary_unary_rpc_method_handler',
+    'unary_stream_rpc_method_handler',
+    'stream_unary_rpc_method_handler',
+    'stream_stream_rpc_method_handler',
+    'method_handlers_generic_handler',
+    'ssl_channel_credentials',
+    'metadata_call_credentials',
+    'access_token_call_credentials',
+    'composite_call_credentials',
+    'composite_channel_credentials',
+    'ssl_server_credentials',
+    'channel_ready_future',
+    'insecure_channel',
+    'secure_channel',
+    'server',
+)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/.gitignore b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index a6f96cd6db..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-*.a
-*.so
-*.dll
-*.pyc
-*.pyd
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_common.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_common.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 492849f4cb..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_common.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""State used by both invocation-side and service-side code."""
-
-import enum
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class HighWrite(enum.Enum):
-  """The possible categories of high-level write state."""
-
-  OPEN = 'OPEN'
-  CLOSED = 'CLOSED'
-
-
-class WriteState(object):
-  """A description of the state of writing to an RPC.
-
-  Attributes:
-    low: A side-specific value describing the low-level state of writing.
-    high: A HighWrite value describing the high-level state of writing.
-    pending: A list of bytestrings for the RPC waiting to be written to the
-      other side of the RPC.
-  """
-
-  def __init__(self, low, high, pending):
-    self.low = low
-    self.high = high
-    self.pending = pending
-
-
-class CommonRPCState(object):
-  """A description of an RPC's state.
-
-  Attributes:
-    write: A WriteState describing the state of writing to the RPC.
-    sequence_number: The lowest-unused sequence number for use in generating
-      tickets locally describing the progress of the RPC.
-    deserializer: The behavior to be used to deserialize payload bytestreams
-      taken off the wire.
-    serializer: The behavior to be used to serialize payloads to be sent on the
-      wire.
-  """
-
-  def __init__(self, write, sequence_number, deserializer, serializer):
-    self.write = write
-    self.sequence_number = sequence_number
-    self.deserializer = deserializer
-    self.serializer = serializer
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_intermediary_low.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_intermediary_low.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9698ffeabf..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_intermediary_low.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,258 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Temporary old _low-like layer.
-
-Eases refactoring burden while we overhaul the Python framework.
-
-Plan:
-    The layers used to look like:
-        ...                # outside _adapter
-        fore.py + rear.py  # visible outside _adapter
-        _low
-        _c
-    The layers currently look like:
-        ...                # outside _adapter
-        fore.py + rear.py  # visible outside _adapter
-        _low_intermediary  # adapter for new '_low' to old '_low'
-        _low               # new '_low'
-        _c                 # new '_c'
-    We will later remove _low_intermediary after refactoring of fore.py and
-    rear.py according to the ticket system refactoring and get:
-        ...                # outside _adapter, refactored
-        fore.py + rear.py  # visible outside _adapter, refactored
-        _low               # new '_low'
-        _c                 # new '_c'
-"""
-
-import collections
-import enum
-
-from grpc._adapter import _low
-from grpc._adapter import _types
-
-_IGNORE_ME_TAG = object()
-Code = _types.StatusCode
-WriteFlags = _types.OpWriteFlags
-
-
-class Status(collections.namedtuple('Status', ['code', 'details'])):
-  """Describes an RPC's overall status."""
-
-
-class ServiceAcceptance(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        'ServiceAcceptance', ['call', 'method', 'host', 'deadline'])):
-  """Describes an RPC on the service side at the start of service."""
-
-
-class Event(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        'Event',
-        ['kind', 'tag', 'write_accepted', 'complete_accepted',
-         'service_acceptance', 'bytes', 'status', 'metadata'])):
-  """Describes an event emitted from a completion queue."""
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Kind(enum.Enum):
-    """Describes the kind of an event."""
-
-    STOP = object()
-    WRITE_ACCEPTED = object()
-    COMPLETE_ACCEPTED = object()
-    SERVICE_ACCEPTED = object()
-    READ_ACCEPTED = object()
-    METADATA_ACCEPTED = object()
-    FINISH = object()
-
-
-class _TagAdapter(collections.namedtuple('_TagAdapter', [
-      'user_tag',
-      'kind'
-  ])):
-  pass
-
-
-class Call(object):
-  """Adapter from old _low.Call interface to new _low.Call."""
-
-  def __init__(self, channel, completion_queue, method, host, deadline):
-    self._internal = channel._internal.create_call(
-        completion_queue._internal, method, host, deadline)
-    self._metadata = []
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _from_internal(internal):
-    call = Call.__new__(Call)
-    call._internal = internal
-    call._metadata = []
-    return call
-
-  def invoke(self, completion_queue, metadata_tag, finish_tag):
-    err = self._internal.start_batch([
-          _types.OpArgs.send_initial_metadata(self._metadata)
-      ], _IGNORE_ME_TAG)
-    if err != _types.CallError.OK:
-      return err
-    err = self._internal.start_batch([
-          _types.OpArgs.recv_initial_metadata()
-      ], _TagAdapter(metadata_tag, Event.Kind.METADATA_ACCEPTED))
-    if err != _types.CallError.OK:
-      return err
-    err = self._internal.start_batch([
-          _types.OpArgs.recv_status_on_client()
-      ], _TagAdapter(finish_tag, Event.Kind.FINISH))
-    return err
-
-  def write(self, message, tag, flags):
-    return self._internal.start_batch([
-          _types.OpArgs.send_message(message, flags)
-      ], _TagAdapter(tag, Event.Kind.WRITE_ACCEPTED))
-
-  def complete(self, tag):
-    return self._internal.start_batch([
-          _types.OpArgs.send_close_from_client()
-      ], _TagAdapter(tag, Event.Kind.COMPLETE_ACCEPTED))
-
-  def accept(self, completion_queue, tag):
-    return self._internal.start_batch([
-          _types.OpArgs.recv_close_on_server()
-      ], _TagAdapter(tag, Event.Kind.FINISH))
-
-  def add_metadata(self, key, value):
-    self._metadata.append((key, value))
-
-  def premetadata(self):
-    result = self._internal.start_batch([
-          _types.OpArgs.send_initial_metadata(self._metadata)
-      ], _IGNORE_ME_TAG)
-    self._metadata = []
-    return result
-
-  def read(self, tag):
-    return self._internal.start_batch([
-          _types.OpArgs.recv_message()
-      ], _TagAdapter(tag, Event.Kind.READ_ACCEPTED))
-
-  def status(self, status, tag):
-    return self._internal.start_batch([
-          _types.OpArgs.send_status_from_server(
-              self._metadata, status.code, status.details)
-      ], _TagAdapter(tag, Event.Kind.COMPLETE_ACCEPTED))
-
-  def cancel(self):
-    return self._internal.cancel()
-
-  def peer(self):
-    return self._internal.peer()
-
-  def set_credentials(self, creds):
-    return self._internal.set_credentials(creds)
-
-
-class Channel(object):
-  """Adapter from old _low.Channel interface to new _low.Channel."""
-
-  def __init__(self, hostport, channel_credentials, server_host_override=None):
-    args = []
-    if server_host_override:
-      args.append((_types.GrpcChannelArgumentKeys.SSL_TARGET_NAME_OVERRIDE.value, server_host_override))
-    self._internal = _low.Channel(hostport, args, channel_credentials)
-
-
-class CompletionQueue(object):
-  """Adapter from old _low.CompletionQueue interface to new _low.CompletionQueue."""
-
-  def __init__(self):
-    self._internal = _low.CompletionQueue()
-
-  def get(self, deadline=None):
-    if deadline is None:
-      ev = self._internal.next(float('+inf'))
-    else:
-      ev = self._internal.next(deadline)
-    if ev is None:
-      return None
-    elif ev.tag is _IGNORE_ME_TAG:
-      return self.get(deadline)
-    elif ev.type == _types.EventType.QUEUE_SHUTDOWN:
-      kind = Event.Kind.STOP
-      tag = None
-      write_accepted = None
-      complete_accepted = None
-      service_acceptance = None
-      message_bytes = None
-      status = None
-      metadata = None
-    elif ev.type == _types.EventType.OP_COMPLETE:
-      kind = ev.tag.kind
-      tag = ev.tag.user_tag
-      write_accepted = ev.success if kind == Event.Kind.WRITE_ACCEPTED else None
-      complete_accepted = ev.success if kind == Event.Kind.COMPLETE_ACCEPTED else None
-      service_acceptance = ServiceAcceptance(Call._from_internal(ev.call), ev.call_details.method, ev.call_details.host, ev.call_details.deadline) if kind == Event.Kind.SERVICE_ACCEPTED else None
-      message_bytes = ev.results[0].message if kind == Event.Kind.READ_ACCEPTED else None
-      status = Status(ev.results[0].status.code, ev.results[0].status.details) if (kind == Event.Kind.FINISH and ev.results[0].status) else Status(_types.StatusCode.CANCELLED if ev.results[0].cancelled else _types.StatusCode.OK, '') if len(ev.results) > 0 and ev.results[0].cancelled is not None else None
-      metadata = ev.results[0].initial_metadata if (kind in [Event.Kind.SERVICE_ACCEPTED, Event.Kind.METADATA_ACCEPTED]) else (ev.results[0].trailing_metadata if kind == Event.Kind.FINISH else None)
-    else:
-      raise RuntimeError('unknown event')
-    result_ev = Event(kind=kind, tag=tag, write_accepted=write_accepted, complete_accepted=complete_accepted, service_acceptance=service_acceptance, bytes=message_bytes, status=status, metadata=metadata)
-    return result_ev
-
-  def stop(self):
-    self._internal.shutdown()
-
-
-class Server(object):
-  """Adapter from old _low.Server interface to new _low.Server."""
-
-  def __init__(self, completion_queue):
-    self._internal = _low.Server(completion_queue._internal, [])
-    self._internal_cq = completion_queue._internal
-
-  def add_http2_addr(self, addr):
-    return self._internal.add_http2_port(addr)
-
-  def add_secure_http2_addr(self, addr, server_credentials):
-    if server_credentials is None:
-      return self._internal.add_http2_port(addr, None)
-    else:
-      return self._internal.add_http2_port(addr, server_credentials)
-
-  def start(self):
-    return self._internal.start()
-
-  def service(self, tag):
-    return self._internal.request_call(self._internal_cq, _TagAdapter(tag, Event.Kind.SERVICE_ACCEPTED))
-
-  def cancel_all_calls(self):
-    self._internal.cancel_all_calls()
-
-  def stop(self):
-    return self._internal.shutdown(_TagAdapter(None, Event.Kind.STOP))
-
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_low.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_low.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 48410167a0..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_low.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,229 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-import threading
-
-from grpc import _grpcio_metadata
-from grpc import _plugin_wrapping
-from grpc._cython import cygrpc
-from grpc._adapter import _types
-
-_USER_AGENT = 'Python-gRPC-{}'.format(_grpcio_metadata.__version__)
-
-ChannelCredentials = cygrpc.ChannelCredentials
-CallCredentials = cygrpc.CallCredentials
-ServerCredentials = cygrpc.ServerCredentials
-
-channel_credentials_composite = cygrpc.channel_credentials_composite
-call_credentials_composite = cygrpc.call_credentials_composite
-
-def server_credentials_ssl(root_credentials, pair_sequence, force_client_auth):
-  return cygrpc.server_credentials_ssl(
-      root_credentials,
-      [cygrpc.SslPemKeyCertPair(key, pem) for key, pem in pair_sequence],
-      force_client_auth)
-
-def channel_credentials_ssl(
-    root_certificates, private_key, certificate_chain):
-  pair = None
-  if private_key is not None or certificate_chain is not None:
-    pair = cygrpc.SslPemKeyCertPair(private_key, certificate_chain)
-  return cygrpc.channel_credentials_ssl(root_certificates, pair)
-
-
-call_credentials_metadata_plugin = (
-    _plugin_wrapping.call_credentials_metadata_plugin)
-
-
-class CompletionQueue(_types.CompletionQueue):
-
-  def __init__(self):
-    self.completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
-
-  def next(self, deadline=float('+inf')):
-    raw_event = self.completion_queue.poll(cygrpc.Timespec(deadline))
-    if raw_event.type == cygrpc.CompletionType.queue_timeout:
-      return None
-    event_type = raw_event.type
-    event_tag = raw_event.tag
-    event_call = Call(raw_event.operation_call)
-    if raw_event.request_call_details:
-      event_call_details = _types.CallDetails(
-          raw_event.request_call_details.method,
-          raw_event.request_call_details.host,
-          float(raw_event.request_call_details.deadline))
-    else:
-      event_call_details = None
-    event_success = raw_event.success
-    event_results = []
-    if raw_event.is_new_request:
-      event_results.append(_types.OpResult(
-          _types.OpType.RECV_INITIAL_METADATA, raw_event.request_metadata,
-          None, None, None, None))
-    else:
-      if raw_event.batch_operations:
-        for operation in raw_event.batch_operations:
-          result_type = operation.type
-          result_initial_metadata = operation.received_metadata_or_none
-          result_trailing_metadata = operation.received_metadata_or_none
-          result_message = operation.received_message_or_none
-          if result_message is not None:
-            result_message = result_message.bytes()
-          result_cancelled = operation.received_cancelled_or_none
-          if operation.has_status:
-            result_status = _types.Status(
-                operation.received_status_code_or_none,
-                operation.received_status_details_or_none)
-          else:
-            result_status = None
-          event_results.append(
-              _types.OpResult(result_type, result_initial_metadata,
-                              result_trailing_metadata, result_message,
-                              result_status, result_cancelled))
-    return _types.Event(event_type, event_tag, event_call, event_call_details,
-                        event_results, event_success)
-
-  def shutdown(self):
-    self.completion_queue.shutdown()
-
-
-class Call(_types.Call):
-
-  def __init__(self, call):
-    self.call = call
-
-  def start_batch(self, ops, tag):
-    translated_ops = []
-    for op in ops:
-      if op.type == _types.OpType.SEND_INITIAL_METADATA:
-        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(
-            cygrpc.Metadata(
-                cygrpc.Metadatum(key, value)
-                for key, value in op.initial_metadata),
-            op.flags)
-      elif op.type == _types.OpType.SEND_MESSAGE:
-        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_send_message(op.message, op.flags)
-      elif op.type == _types.OpType.SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT:
-        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_send_close_from_client(op.flags)
-      elif op.type == _types.OpType.SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER:
-        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_send_status_from_server(
-            cygrpc.Metadata(
-                cygrpc.Metadatum(key, value)
-                for key, value in op.trailing_metadata),
-            op.status.code,
-            op.status.details,
-            op.flags)
-      elif op.type == _types.OpType.RECV_INITIAL_METADATA:
-        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_receive_initial_metadata(
-            op.flags)
-      elif op.type == _types.OpType.RECV_MESSAGE:
-        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_receive_message(op.flags)
-      elif op.type == _types.OpType.RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
-        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_receive_status_on_client(
-            op.flags)
-      elif op.type == _types.OpType.RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER:
-        translated_op = cygrpc.operation_receive_close_on_server(op.flags)
-      else:
-        raise ValueError('unexpected operation type {}'.format(op.type))
-      translated_ops.append(translated_op)
-    return self.call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations(translated_ops), tag)
-
-  def cancel(self, code=None, details=None):
-    if code is None and details is None:
-      return self.call.cancel()
-    else:
-      return self.call.cancel(code, details)
-
-  def peer(self):
-    return self.call.peer()
-
-  def set_credentials(self, creds):
-    return self.call.set_credentials(creds)
-
-
-class Channel(_types.Channel):
-
-  def __init__(self, target, args, creds=None):
-    args = list(args) + [
-        (cygrpc.ChannelArgKey.primary_user_agent_string, _USER_AGENT)]
-    args = cygrpc.ChannelArgs(
-        cygrpc.ChannelArg(key, value) for key, value in args)
-    if creds is None:
-      self.channel = cygrpc.Channel(target, args)
-    else:
-      self.channel = cygrpc.Channel(target, args, creds)
-
-  def create_call(self, completion_queue, method, host, deadline=None):
-    internal_call = self.channel.create_call(
-        None, 0, completion_queue.completion_queue, method, host,
-        cygrpc.Timespec(deadline))
-    return Call(internal_call)
-
-  def check_connectivity_state(self, try_to_connect):
-    return self.channel.check_connectivity_state(try_to_connect)
-
-  def watch_connectivity_state(self, last_observed_state, deadline,
-                               completion_queue, tag):
-    self.channel.watch_connectivity_state(
-        last_observed_state, cygrpc.Timespec(deadline),
-        completion_queue.completion_queue, tag)
-
-  def target(self):
-    return self.channel.target()
-
-
-_NO_TAG = object()
-
-class Server(_types.Server):
-
-  def __init__(self, completion_queue, args):
-    args = cygrpc.ChannelArgs(
-        cygrpc.ChannelArg(key, value) for key, value in args)
-    self.server = cygrpc.Server(args)
-    self.server.register_completion_queue(completion_queue.completion_queue)
-    self.server_queue = completion_queue
-
-  def add_http2_port(self, addr, creds=None):
-    if creds is None:
-      return self.server.add_http2_port(addr)
-    else:
-      return self.server.add_http2_port(addr, creds)
-
-  def start(self):
-    return self.server.start()
-
-  def shutdown(self, tag=None):
-    return self.server.shutdown(self.server_queue.completion_queue, tag)
-
-  def request_call(self, completion_queue, tag):
-    return self.server.request_call(completion_queue.completion_queue,
-                                    self.server_queue.completion_queue, tag)
-
-  def cancel_all_calls(self):
-    return self.server.cancel_all_calls()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_types.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_types.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f8405949d4..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/_types.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,446 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-import abc
-import collections
-import enum
-
-import six
-
-from grpc._cython import cygrpc
-
-
-class GrpcChannelArgumentKeys(enum.Enum):
-  """Mirrors keys used in grpc_channel_args for GRPC-specific arguments."""
-  SSL_TARGET_NAME_OVERRIDE = 'grpc.ssl_target_name_override'
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class CallError(enum.IntEnum):
-  """Mirrors grpc_call_error in the C core."""
-  OK                        = cygrpc.CallError.ok
-  ERROR                     = cygrpc.CallError.error
-  ERROR_NOT_ON_SERVER       = cygrpc.CallError.not_on_server
-  ERROR_NOT_ON_CLIENT       = cygrpc.CallError.not_on_client
-  ERROR_ALREADY_ACCEPTED    = cygrpc.CallError.already_accepted
-  ERROR_ALREADY_INVOKED     = cygrpc.CallError.already_invoked
-  ERROR_NOT_INVOKED         = cygrpc.CallError.not_invoked
-  ERROR_ALREADY_FINISHED    = cygrpc.CallError.already_finished
-  ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPERATIONS = cygrpc.CallError.too_many_operations
-  ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS       = cygrpc.CallError.invalid_flags
-  ERROR_INVALID_METADATA    = cygrpc.CallError.invalid_metadata
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class StatusCode(enum.IntEnum):
-  """Mirrors grpc_status_code in the C core."""
-  OK                  = cygrpc.StatusCode.ok
-  CANCELLED           = cygrpc.StatusCode.cancelled
-  UNKNOWN             = cygrpc.StatusCode.unknown
-  INVALID_ARGUMENT    = cygrpc.StatusCode.invalid_argument
-  DEADLINE_EXCEEDED   = cygrpc.StatusCode.deadline_exceeded
-  NOT_FOUND           = cygrpc.StatusCode.not_found
-  ALREADY_EXISTS      = cygrpc.StatusCode.already_exists
-  PERMISSION_DENIED   = cygrpc.StatusCode.permission_denied
-  RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED  = cygrpc.StatusCode.resource_exhausted
-  FAILED_PRECONDITION = cygrpc.StatusCode.failed_precondition
-  ABORTED             = cygrpc.StatusCode.aborted
-  OUT_OF_RANGE        = cygrpc.StatusCode.out_of_range
-  UNIMPLEMENTED       = cygrpc.StatusCode.unimplemented
-  INTERNAL            = cygrpc.StatusCode.internal
-  UNAVAILABLE         = cygrpc.StatusCode.unavailable
-  DATA_LOSS           = cygrpc.StatusCode.data_loss
-  UNAUTHENTICATED     = cygrpc.StatusCode.unauthenticated
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class OpWriteFlags(enum.IntEnum):
-  """Mirrors defined write-flag constants in the C core."""
-  WRITE_BUFFER_HINT = cygrpc.WriteFlag.buffer_hint
-  WRITE_NO_COMPRESS = cygrpc.WriteFlag.no_compress
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class OpType(enum.IntEnum):
-  """Mirrors grpc_op_type in the C core."""
-  SEND_INITIAL_METADATA   = cygrpc.OperationType.send_initial_metadata
-  SEND_MESSAGE            = cygrpc.OperationType.send_message
-  SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT  = cygrpc.OperationType.send_close_from_client
-  SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER = cygrpc.OperationType.send_status_from_server
-  RECV_INITIAL_METADATA   = cygrpc.OperationType.receive_initial_metadata
-  RECV_MESSAGE            = cygrpc.OperationType.receive_message
-  RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT   = cygrpc.OperationType.receive_status_on_client
-  RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER    = cygrpc.OperationType.receive_close_on_server
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class EventType(enum.IntEnum):
-  """Mirrors grpc_completion_type in the C core."""
-  QUEUE_SHUTDOWN = cygrpc.CompletionType.queue_shutdown
-  QUEUE_TIMEOUT  = cygrpc.CompletionType.queue_timeout
-  OP_COMPLETE    = cygrpc.CompletionType.operation_complete
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class ConnectivityState(enum.IntEnum):
-  """Mirrors grpc_connectivity_state in the C core."""
-  IDLE              = cygrpc.ConnectivityState.idle
-  CONNECTING        = cygrpc.ConnectivityState.connecting
-  READY             = cygrpc.ConnectivityState.ready
-  TRANSIENT_FAILURE = cygrpc.ConnectivityState.transient_failure
-  FATAL_FAILURE     = cygrpc.ConnectivityState.fatal_failure
-
-
-class Status(collections.namedtuple(
-    'Status', [
-        'code',
-        'details',
-    ])):
-  """The end status of a GRPC call.
-
-  Attributes:
-    code (StatusCode): ...
-    details (str): ...
-  """
-
-
-class CallDetails(collections.namedtuple(
-    'CallDetails', [
-        'method',
-        'host',
-        'deadline',
-    ])):
-  """Provides information to the server about the client's call.
-
-  Attributes:
-    method (str): ...
-    host (str): ...
-    deadline (float): ...
-  """
-
-
-class OpArgs(collections.namedtuple(
-    'OpArgs', [
-        'type',
-        'initial_metadata',
-        'trailing_metadata',
-        'message',
-        'status',
-        'flags',
-    ])):
-  """Arguments passed into a GRPC operation.
-
-  Attributes:
-    type (OpType): ...
-    initial_metadata (sequence of 2-sequence of str): Only valid if type ==
-      OpType.SEND_INITIAL_METADATA, else is None.
-    trailing_metadata (sequence of 2-sequence of str): Only valid if type ==
-      OpType.SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER, else is None.
-    message (bytes): Only valid if type == OpType.SEND_MESSAGE, else is None.
-    status (Status): Only valid if type == OpType.SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER, else
-      is None.
-    flags (int): a bitwise OR'ing of 0 or more OpWriteFlags values.
-  """
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def send_initial_metadata(initial_metadata):
-    return OpArgs(OpType.SEND_INITIAL_METADATA, initial_metadata, None, None, None, 0)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def send_message(message, flags):
-    return OpArgs(OpType.SEND_MESSAGE, None, None, message, None, flags)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def send_close_from_client():
-    return OpArgs(OpType.SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT, None, None, None, None, 0)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def send_status_from_server(trailing_metadata, status_code, status_details):
-    return OpArgs(OpType.SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER, None, trailing_metadata, None, Status(status_code, status_details), 0)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def recv_initial_metadata():
-    return OpArgs(OpType.RECV_INITIAL_METADATA, None, None, None, None, 0);
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def recv_message():
-    return OpArgs(OpType.RECV_MESSAGE, None, None, None, None, 0)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def recv_status_on_client():
-    return OpArgs(OpType.RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT, None, None, None, None, 0)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def recv_close_on_server():
-    return OpArgs(OpType.RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER, None, None, None, None, 0)
-
-
-class OpResult(collections.namedtuple(
-    'OpResult', [
-        'type',
-        'initial_metadata',
-        'trailing_metadata',
-        'message',
-        'status',
-        'cancelled',
-    ])):
-  """Results received from a GRPC operation.
-
-  Attributes:
-    type (OpType): ...
-    initial_metadata (sequence of 2-sequence of str): Only valid if type ==
-      OpType.RECV_INITIAL_METADATA, else is None.
-    trailing_metadata (sequence of 2-sequence of str): Only valid if type ==
-      OpType.RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT, else is None.
-    message (bytes): Only valid if type == OpType.RECV_MESSAGE, else is None.
-    status (Status): Only valid if type == OpType.RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT, else
-      is None.
-    cancelled (bool): Only valid if type == OpType.RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER, else
-      is None.
-  """
-
-
-class Event(collections.namedtuple(
-    'Event', [
-        'type',
-        'tag',
-        'call',
-        'call_details',
-        'results',
-        'success',
-    ])):
-  """An event received from a GRPC completion queue.
-
-  Attributes:
-    type (EventType): ...
-    tag (object): ...
-    call (Call): The Call object associated with this event (if there is one,
-      else None).
-    call_details (CallDetails): The call details associated with the
-      server-side call (if there is such information, else None).
-    results (list of OpResult): ...
-    success (bool): ...
-  """
-
-
-class CompletionQueue(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def __init__(self):
-    pass
-
-  def __iter__(self):
-    """This class may be iterated over.
-
-    This is the equivalent of calling next() repeatedly with an absolute
-    deadline of None (i.e. no deadline).
-    """
-    return self
-
-  def __next__(self):
-    return self.next()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def next(self, deadline=float('+inf')):
-    """Get the next event on this completion queue.
-
-    Args:
-      deadline (float): absolute deadline in seconds from the Python epoch, or
-        None for no deadline.
-
-    Returns:
-      Event: ...
-    """
-    pass
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def shutdown(self):
-    """Begin the shutdown process of this completion queue.
-
-    Note that this does not immediately destroy the completion queue.
-    Nevertheless, user code should not pass it around after invoking this.
-    """
-    return None
-
-
-class Call(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def start_batch(self, ops, tag):
-    """Start a batch of operations.
-
-    Args:
-      ops (sequence of OpArgs): ...
-      tag (object): ...
-
-    Returns:
-      CallError: ...
-    """
-    return CallError.ERROR
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def cancel(self, code=None, details=None):
-    """Cancel the call.
-
-    Args:
-      code (int): Status code to cancel with (on the server side). If
-        specified, so must `details`.
-      details (str): Status details to cancel with (on the server side). If
-        specified, so must `code`.
-
-    Returns:
-      CallError: ...
-    """
-    return CallError.ERROR
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def peer(self):
-    """Get the peer of this call.
-
-    Returns:
-      str: the peer of this call.
-    """
-    return None
-
-  def set_credentials(self, creds):
-    """Set per-call credentials.
-
-    Args:
-      creds (CallCredentials): Credentials to be set for this call.
-    """
-    return None
-
-
-class Channel(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def __init__(self, target, args, credentials=None):
-    """Initialize a Channel.
-
-    Args:
-      target (str): ...
-      args (sequence of 2-sequence of str, (str|integer)): ...
-      credentials (ChannelCredentials): If None, create an insecure channel,
-        else create a secure channel using the client credentials.
-    """
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def create_call(self, completion_queue, method, host, deadline=float('+inf')):
-    """Create a call from this channel.
-
-    Args:
-      completion_queue (CompletionQueue): ...
-      method (str): ...
-      host (str): ...
-      deadline (float): absolute deadline in seconds from the Python epoch, or
-        None for no deadline.
-
-    Returns:
-      Call: call object associated with this Channel and passed parameters.
-    """
-    return None
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def check_connectivity_state(self, try_to_connect):
-    """Check and optionally repair the connectivity state of the channel.
-
-    Args:
-      try_to_connect (bool): whether or not to try to connect the channel if
-      disconnected.
-
-    Returns:
-      ConnectivityState: state of the channel at the time of this invocation.
-    """
-    return None
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def watch_connectivity_state(self, last_observed_state, deadline,
-                               completion_queue, tag):
-    """Watch for connectivity state changes from the last_observed_state.
-
-    Args:
-      last_observed_state (ConnectivityState): ...
-      deadline (float): ...
-      completion_queue (CompletionQueue): ...
-      tag (object) ...
-    """
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def target(self):
-    """Get the target of this channel.
-
-    Returns:
-      str: the target of this channel.
-    """
-    return None
-
-
-class Server(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def __init__(self, completion_queue, args):
-    """Initialize a server.
-
-    Args:
-      completion_queue (CompletionQueue): ...
-      args (sequence of 2-sequence of str, (str|integer)): ...
-    """
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def add_http2_port(self, address, credentials=None):
-    """Adds an HTTP/2 address+port to the server.
-
-    Args:
-      address (str): ...
-      credentials (ServerCredentials): If None, create an insecure port, else
-        create a secure port using the server credentials.
-    """
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def start(self):
-    """Starts the server."""
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def shutdown(self, tag=None):
-    """Shuts down the server. Does not immediately destroy the server.
-
-    Args:
-      tag (object): if not None, have the server place an event on its
-        completion queue notifying it when this server has completely shut down.
-    """
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def request_call(self, completion_queue, tag):
-    """Requests a call from the server on the server's completion queue.
-
-    Args:
-      completion_queue (CompletionQueue): Completion queue for the call. May be
-        the same as the server's completion queue.
-      tag (object) ...
-    """
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_auth.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_auth.py
index 3ae00ca23a..dea3221c9d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_auth.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_auth.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 
 """GRPCAuthMetadataPlugins for standard authentication."""
 
+import inspect
 from concurrent import futures
 
 import grpc
@@ -46,9 +47,21 @@ class GoogleCallCredentials(grpc.AuthMetadataPlugin):
     self._credentials = credentials
     self._pool = futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
 
+    # Hack to determine if these are JWT creds and we need to pass
+    # additional_claims when getting a token
+    if 'additional_claims' in inspect.getargspec(
+        credentials.get_access_token).args:
+      self._is_jwt = True
+    else:
+      self._is_jwt = False
+
   def __call__(self, context, callback):
     # MetadataPlugins cannot block (see grpc.beta.interfaces.py)
-    future = self._pool.submit(self._credentials.get_access_token)
+    if self._is_jwt:
+      future = self._pool.submit(self._credentials.get_access_token,
+                                 additional_claims={'aud': context.service_url})
+    else:
+      future = self._pool.submit(self._credentials.get_access_token)
     future.add_done_callback(lambda x: self._get_token_callback(callback, x))
 
   def _get_token_callback(self, callback, future):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_channel.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_channel.py
index d9eb5a4b77..29dbc3a668 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_channel.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_channel.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def _deadline(timeout):
 
 
 def _unknown_code_details(unknown_cygrpc_code, details):
-  return b'Server sent unknown code {} and details "{}"'.format(
+  return 'Server sent unknown code {} and details "{}"'.format(
       unknown_cygrpc_code, details)
 
 
@@ -134,19 +134,19 @@ def _handle_event(event, state, response_deserializer):
   for batch_operation in event.batch_operations:
     operation_type = batch_operation.type
     state.due.remove(operation_type)
-    if operation_type is cygrpc.OperationType.receive_initial_metadata:
+    if operation_type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_initial_metadata:
       state.initial_metadata = batch_operation.received_metadata
-    elif operation_type is cygrpc.OperationType.receive_message:
+    elif operation_type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_message:
       serialized_response = batch_operation.received_message.bytes()
       if serialized_response is not None:
         response = _common.deserialize(
             serialized_response, response_deserializer)
         if response is None:
-          details = b'Exception deserializing response!'
+          details = 'Exception deserializing response!'
           _abort(state, grpc.StatusCode.INTERNAL, details)
         else:
           state.response = response
-    elif operation_type is cygrpc.OperationType.receive_status_on_client:
+    elif operation_type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_status_on_client:
       state.trailing_metadata = batch_operation.received_metadata
       if state.code is None:
         code = _common.CYGRPC_STATUS_CODE_TO_STATUS_CODE.get(
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ def _event_handler(state, call, response_deserializer):
 def _consume_request_iterator(
     request_iterator, state, call, request_serializer):
   event_handler = _event_handler(state, call, None)
+
   def consume_request_iterator():
     for request in request_iterator:
       serialized_request = _common.serialize(request, request_serializer)
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ def _consume_request_iterator(
         if state.code is None and not state.cancelled:
           if serialized_request is None:
             call.cancel()
-            details = b'Exception serializing request!'
+            details = 'Exception serializing request!'
             _abort(state, grpc.StatusCode.INTERNAL, details)
             return
           else:
@@ -194,7 +195,8 @@ def _consume_request_iterator(
                 cygrpc.operation_send_message(
                     serialized_request, _EMPTY_FLAGS),
             )
-            call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), event_handler)
+            call.start_client_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations),
+                                    event_handler)
             state.due.add(cygrpc.OperationType.send_message)
             while True:
               state.condition.wait()
@@ -210,10 +212,20 @@ def _consume_request_iterator(
         operations = (
             cygrpc.operation_send_close_from_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
         )
-        call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), event_handler)
+        call.start_client_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), event_handler)
         state.due.add(cygrpc.OperationType.send_close_from_client)
-  thread = threading.Thread(target=consume_request_iterator)
-  thread.start()
+
+  def stop_consumption_thread(timeout):
+    with state.condition:
+      if state.code is None:
+        call.cancel()
+        state.cancelled = True
+        _abort(state, grpc.StatusCode.CANCELLED, 'Cancelled!')
+        state.condition.notify_all()
+
+  consumption_thread = _common.CleanupThread(
+      stop_consumption_thread, target=consume_request_iterator)
+  consumption_thread.start()
 
 
 class _Rendezvous(grpc.RpcError, grpc.Future, grpc.Call):
@@ -230,7 +242,7 @@ class _Rendezvous(grpc.RpcError, grpc.Future, grpc.Call):
       if self._state.code is None:
         self._call.cancel()
         self._state.cancelled = True
-        _abort(self._state, grpc.StatusCode.CANCELLED, b'Cancelled!')
+        _abort(self._state, grpc.StatusCode.CANCELLED, 'Cancelled!')
         self._state.condition.notify_all()
       return False
 
@@ -301,7 +313,7 @@ class _Rendezvous(grpc.RpcError, grpc.Future, grpc.Call):
       if self._state.code is None:
         event_handler = _event_handler(
             self._state, self._call, self._response_deserializer)
-        self._call.start_batch(
+        self._call.start_client_batch(
             cygrpc.Operations(
                 (cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),)),
             event_handler)
@@ -353,13 +365,13 @@ class _Rendezvous(grpc.RpcError, grpc.Future, grpc.Call):
     with self._state.condition:
       while self._state.initial_metadata is None:
         self._state.condition.wait()
-      return self._state.initial_metadata
+      return _common.application_metadata(self._state.initial_metadata)
 
   def trailing_metadata(self):
     with self._state.condition:
       while self._state.trailing_metadata is None:
         self._state.condition.wait()
-      return self._state.trailing_metadata
+      return _common.application_metadata(self._state.trailing_metadata)
 
   def code(self):
     with self._state.condition:
@@ -371,7 +383,7 @@ class _Rendezvous(grpc.RpcError, grpc.Future, grpc.Call):
     with self._state.condition:
       while self._state.details is None:
         self._state.condition.wait()
-      return self._state.details
+      return _common.decode(self._state.details)
 
   def _repr(self):
     with self._state.condition:
@@ -379,7 +391,7 @@ class _Rendezvous(grpc.RpcError, grpc.Future, grpc.Call):
         return '<_Rendezvous object of in-flight RPC>'
       else:
         return '<_Rendezvous of RPC that terminated with ({}, {})>'.format(
-            self._state.code, self._state.details)
+            self._state.code, _common.decode(self._state.details))
 
   def __repr__(self):
     return self._repr()
@@ -402,7 +414,7 @@ def _start_unary_request(request, timeout, request_serializer):
   if serialized_request is None:
     state = _RPCState(
         (), _EMPTY_METADATA, _EMPTY_METADATA, grpc.StatusCode.INTERNAL,
-        b'Exception serializing request!')
+        'Exception serializing request!')
     rendezvous = _Rendezvous(state, None, None, deadline)
     return deadline, deadline_timespec, None, rendezvous
   else:
@@ -440,7 +452,7 @@ class _UnaryUnaryMultiCallable(grpc.UnaryUnaryMultiCallable):
       state = _RPCState(_UNARY_UNARY_INITIAL_DUE, None, None, None, None)
       operations = (
           cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(
-              _common.metadata(metadata), _EMPTY_FLAGS),
+              _common.cygrpc_metadata(metadata), _EMPTY_FLAGS),
           cygrpc.operation_send_message(serialized_request, _EMPTY_FLAGS),
           cygrpc.operation_send_close_from_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
           cygrpc.operation_receive_initial_metadata(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
@@ -449,9 +461,7 @@ class _UnaryUnaryMultiCallable(grpc.UnaryUnaryMultiCallable):
       )
       return state, operations, deadline, deadline_timespec, None
 
-  def __call__(
-      self, request, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None,
-      with_call=False):
+  def _blocking(self, request, timeout, metadata, credentials):
     state, operations, deadline, deadline_timespec, rendezvous = self._prepare(
         request, timeout, metadata)
     if rendezvous:
@@ -462,9 +472,17 @@ class _UnaryUnaryMultiCallable(grpc.UnaryUnaryMultiCallable):
           None, 0, completion_queue, self._method, None, deadline_timespec)
       if credentials is not None:
         call.set_credentials(credentials._credentials)
-      call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), None)
+      call.start_client_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), None)
       _handle_event(completion_queue.poll(), state, self._response_deserializer)
-      return _end_unary_response_blocking(state, with_call, deadline)
+      return state, deadline
+
+  def __call__(self, request, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None):
+    state, deadline, = self._blocking(request, timeout, metadata, credentials)
+    return _end_unary_response_blocking(state, False, deadline)
+
+  def with_call(self, request, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None):
+    state, deadline, = self._blocking(request, timeout, metadata, credentials)
+    return _end_unary_response_blocking(state, True, deadline)
 
   def future(self, request, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None):
     state, operations, deadline, deadline_timespec, rendezvous = self._prepare(
@@ -478,7 +496,7 @@ class _UnaryUnaryMultiCallable(grpc.UnaryUnaryMultiCallable):
         call.set_credentials(credentials._credentials)
       event_handler = _event_handler(state, call, self._response_deserializer)
       with state.condition:
-        call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), event_handler)
+        call.start_client_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), event_handler)
       return _Rendezvous(state, call, self._response_deserializer, deadline)
 
 
@@ -506,18 +524,18 @@ class _UnaryStreamMultiCallable(grpc.UnaryStreamMultiCallable):
         call.set_credentials(credentials._credentials)
       event_handler = _event_handler(state, call, self._response_deserializer)
       with state.condition:
-        call.start_batch(
+        call.start_client_batch(
             cygrpc.Operations(
                 (cygrpc.operation_receive_initial_metadata(_EMPTY_FLAGS),)),
             event_handler)
         operations = (
             cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(
-                _common.metadata(metadata), _EMPTY_FLAGS),
+                _common.cygrpc_metadata(metadata), _EMPTY_FLAGS),
             cygrpc.operation_send_message(serialized_request, _EMPTY_FLAGS),
             cygrpc.operation_send_close_from_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
             cygrpc.operation_receive_status_on_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
         )
-        call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), event_handler)
+        call.start_client_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), event_handler)
       return _Rendezvous(state, call, self._response_deserializer, deadline)
 
 
@@ -532,9 +550,7 @@ class _StreamUnaryMultiCallable(grpc.StreamUnaryMultiCallable):
     self._request_serializer = request_serializer
     self._response_deserializer = response_deserializer
 
-  def __call__(
-      self, request_iterator, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None,
-      with_call=False):
+  def _blocking(self, request_iterator, timeout, metadata, credentials):
     deadline, deadline_timespec = _deadline(timeout)
     state = _RPCState(_STREAM_UNARY_INITIAL_DUE, None, None, None, None)
     completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
@@ -543,17 +559,17 @@ class _StreamUnaryMultiCallable(grpc.StreamUnaryMultiCallable):
     if credentials is not None:
       call.set_credentials(credentials._credentials)
     with state.condition:
-      call.start_batch(
+      call.start_client_batch(
           cygrpc.Operations(
               (cygrpc.operation_receive_initial_metadata(_EMPTY_FLAGS),)),
           None)
       operations = (
           cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(
-              _common.metadata(metadata), _EMPTY_FLAGS),
+              _common.cygrpc_metadata(metadata), _EMPTY_FLAGS),
           cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
           cygrpc.operation_receive_status_on_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
       )
-      call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), None)
+      call.start_client_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), None)
       _consume_request_iterator(
           request_iterator, state, call, self._request_serializer)
     while True:
@@ -563,7 +579,19 @@ class _StreamUnaryMultiCallable(grpc.StreamUnaryMultiCallable):
         state.condition.notify_all()
         if not state.due:
           break
-    return _end_unary_response_blocking(state, with_call, deadline)
+    return state, deadline
+
+  def __call__(
+      self, request_iterator, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None):
+    state, deadline, = self._blocking(
+        request_iterator, timeout, metadata, credentials)
+    return _end_unary_response_blocking(state, False, deadline)
+
+  def with_call(
+      self, request_iterator, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None):
+    state, deadline, = self._blocking(
+        request_iterator, timeout, metadata, credentials)
+    return _end_unary_response_blocking(state, True, deadline)
 
   def future(
       self, request_iterator, timeout=None, metadata=None, credentials=None):
@@ -575,17 +603,17 @@ class _StreamUnaryMultiCallable(grpc.StreamUnaryMultiCallable):
       call.set_credentials(credentials._credentials)
     event_handler = _event_handler(state, call, self._response_deserializer)
     with state.condition:
-      call.start_batch(
+      call.start_client_batch(
           cygrpc.Operations(
               (cygrpc.operation_receive_initial_metadata(_EMPTY_FLAGS),)),
           event_handler)
       operations = (
           cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(
-              _common.metadata(metadata), _EMPTY_FLAGS),
+              _common.cygrpc_metadata(metadata), _EMPTY_FLAGS),
           cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
           cygrpc.operation_receive_status_on_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
       )
-      call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), event_handler)
+      call.start_client_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), event_handler)
       _consume_request_iterator(
           request_iterator, state, call, self._request_serializer)
     return _Rendezvous(state, call, self._response_deserializer, deadline)
@@ -612,16 +640,16 @@ class _StreamStreamMultiCallable(grpc.StreamStreamMultiCallable):
       call.set_credentials(credentials._credentials)
     event_handler = _event_handler(state, call, self._response_deserializer)
     with state.condition:
-      call.start_batch(
+      call.start_client_batch(
           cygrpc.Operations(
               (cygrpc.operation_receive_initial_metadata(_EMPTY_FLAGS),)),
           event_handler)
       operations = (
           cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(
-              _common.metadata(metadata), _EMPTY_FLAGS),
+              _common.cygrpc_metadata(metadata), _EMPTY_FLAGS),
           cygrpc.operation_receive_status_on_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
       )
-      call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), event_handler)
+      call.start_client_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), event_handler)
       _consume_request_iterator(
           request_iterator, state, call, self._request_serializer)
     return _Rendezvous(state, call, self._response_deserializer, deadline)
@@ -636,16 +664,27 @@ class _ChannelCallState(object):
     self.managed_calls = None
 
 
-def _call_spin(state):
-  while True:
-    event = state.completion_queue.poll()
-    completed_call = event.tag(event)
-    if completed_call is not None:
-      with state.lock:
-        state.managed_calls.remove(completed_call)
-        if not state.managed_calls:
-          state.managed_calls = None
-          return
+def _run_channel_spin_thread(state):
+  def channel_spin():
+    while True:
+      event = state.completion_queue.poll()
+      completed_call = event.tag(event)
+      if completed_call is not None:
+        with state.lock:
+          state.managed_calls.remove(completed_call)
+          if not state.managed_calls:
+            state.managed_calls = None
+            return
+
+  def stop_channel_spin(timeout):
+    with state.lock:
+      if state.managed_calls is not None:
+        for call in state.managed_calls:
+          call.cancel()
+
+  channel_spin_thread = _common.CleanupThread(
+      stop_channel_spin, target=channel_spin)
+  channel_spin_thread.start()
 
 
 def _create_channel_managed_call(state):
@@ -674,8 +713,7 @@ def _create_channel_managed_call(state):
           parent, flags, state.completion_queue, method, host, deadline)
       if state.managed_calls is None:
         state.managed_calls = set((call,))
-        spin_thread = threading.Thread(target=_call_spin, args=(state,))
-        spin_thread.start()
+        _run_channel_spin_thread(state)
       else:
         state.managed_calls.add(call)
       return call
@@ -768,11 +806,18 @@ def _poll_connectivity(state, channel, initial_try_to_connect):
             _spawn_delivery(state, callbacks)
 
 
+def _moot(state):
+  with state.lock:
+    del state.callbacks_and_connectivities[:]
+
+
 def _subscribe(state, callback, try_to_connect):
   with state.lock:
     if not state.callbacks_and_connectivities and not state.polling:
-      polling_thread = threading.Thread(
-          target=_poll_connectivity,
+      def cancel_all_subscriptions(timeout):
+        _moot(state)
+      polling_thread = _common.CleanupThread(
+          cancel_all_subscriptions, target=_poll_connectivity,
           args=(state, state.channel, bool(try_to_connect)))
       polling_thread.start()
       state.polling = True
@@ -796,25 +841,33 @@ def _unsubscribe(state, callback):
         break
 
 
-def _moot(state):
-  with state.lock:
-    del state.callbacks_and_connectivities[:]
-
-
 def _options(options):
   if options is None:
     pairs = ((cygrpc.ChannelArgKey.primary_user_agent_string, _USER_AGENT),)
   else:
     pairs = list(options) + [
         (cygrpc.ChannelArgKey.primary_user_agent_string, _USER_AGENT)]
-  return cygrpc.ChannelArgs(
-      cygrpc.ChannelArg(arg_name, arg_value) for arg_name, arg_value in pairs)
+  encoded_pairs = [
+      (_common.encode(arg_name), arg_value) if isinstance(arg_value, int)
+      else (_common.encode(arg_name), _common.encode(arg_value))
+      for arg_name, arg_value in pairs]
+  return cygrpc.ChannelArgs([
+      cygrpc.ChannelArg(arg_name, arg_value)
+      for arg_name, arg_value in encoded_pairs])
 
 
 class Channel(grpc.Channel):
 
   def __init__(self, target, options, credentials):
-    self._channel = cygrpc.Channel(target, _options(options), credentials)
+    """Constructor.
+
+    Args:
+      target: The target to which to connect.
+      options: Configuration options for the channel.
+      credentials: A cygrpc.ChannelCredentials or None.
+    """
+    self._channel = cygrpc.Channel(
+        _common.encode(target), _options(options), credentials)
     self._call_state = _ChannelCallState(self._channel)
     self._connectivity_state = _ChannelConnectivityState(self._channel)
 
@@ -827,26 +880,26 @@ class Channel(grpc.Channel):
   def unary_unary(
       self, method, request_serializer=None, response_deserializer=None):
     return _UnaryUnaryMultiCallable(
-        self._channel, _create_channel_managed_call(self._call_state), method,
-        request_serializer, response_deserializer)
+        self._channel, _create_channel_managed_call(self._call_state),
+        _common.encode(method), request_serializer, response_deserializer)
 
   def unary_stream(
       self, method, request_serializer=None, response_deserializer=None):
     return _UnaryStreamMultiCallable(
-        self._channel, _create_channel_managed_call(self._call_state), method,
-        request_serializer, response_deserializer)
+        self._channel, _create_channel_managed_call(self._call_state),
+        _common.encode(method), request_serializer, response_deserializer)
 
   def stream_unary(
       self, method, request_serializer=None, response_deserializer=None):
     return _StreamUnaryMultiCallable(
-        self._channel, _create_channel_managed_call(self._call_state), method,
-        request_serializer, response_deserializer)
+        self._channel, _create_channel_managed_call(self._call_state),
+        _common.encode(method), request_serializer, response_deserializer)
 
   def stream_stream(
       self, method, request_serializer=None, response_deserializer=None):
     return _StreamStreamMultiCallable(
-        self._channel, _create_channel_managed_call(self._call_state), method,
-        request_serializer, response_deserializer)
+        self._channel, _create_channel_managed_call(self._call_state),
+        _common.encode(method), request_serializer, response_deserializer)
 
   def __del__(self):
     _moot(self._connectivity_state)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_common.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_common.py
index a3fb66cd07..4d7d521419 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_common.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_common.py
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 """Shared implementation."""
 
 import logging
+import threading
+import time
 
 import six
 
@@ -44,8 +46,8 @@ CYGRPC_CONNECTIVITY_STATE_TO_CHANNEL_CONNECTIVITY = {
     cygrpc.ConnectivityState.ready: grpc.ChannelConnectivity.READY,
     cygrpc.ConnectivityState.transient_failure:
         grpc.ChannelConnectivity.TRANSIENT_FAILURE,
-    cygrpc.ConnectivityState.fatal_failure:
-        grpc.ChannelConnectivity.FATAL_FAILURE,
+    cygrpc.ConnectivityState.shutdown:
+        grpc.ChannelConnectivity.SHUTDOWN,
 }
 
 CYGRPC_STATUS_CODE_TO_STATUS_CODE = {
@@ -74,9 +76,37 @@ STATUS_CODE_TO_CYGRPC_STATUS_CODE = {
 }
 
 
-def metadata(application_metadata):
+def encode(s):
+  if isinstance(s, bytes):
+    return s
+  else:
+    return s.encode('ascii')
+
+
+def decode(b):
+  if isinstance(b, str):
+    return b
+  else:
+    try:
+      return b.decode('utf8')
+    except UnicodeDecodeError:
+      logging.exception('Invalid encoding on {}'.format(b))
+      return b.decode('latin1')
+
+
+def cygrpc_metadata(application_metadata):
   return _EMPTY_METADATA if application_metadata is None else cygrpc.Metadata(
-      cygrpc.Metadatum(key, value) for key, value in application_metadata)
+      cygrpc.Metadatum(encode(key), encode(value))
+      for key, value in application_metadata)
+
+
+def application_metadata(cygrpc_metadata):
+  if cygrpc_metadata is None:
+    return ()
+  else:
+    return tuple(
+        (decode(key), value if key[-4:] == b'-bin' else decode(value))
+        for key, value in cygrpc_metadata)
 
 
 def _transform(message, transformer, exception_message):
@@ -97,3 +127,47 @@ def serialize(message, serializer):
 def deserialize(serialized_message, deserializer):
   return _transform(serialized_message, deserializer,
                     'Exception deserializing message!')
+
+
+def fully_qualified_method(group, method):
+  return '/{}/{}'.format(group, method)
+
+
+class CleanupThread(threading.Thread):
+  """A threading.Thread subclass supporting custom behavior on join().
+
+  On Python Interpreter exit, Python will attempt to join outstanding threads
+  prior to garbage collection.  We may need to do additional cleanup, and
+  we accomplish this by overriding the join() method.
+  """
+
+  def __init__(self, behavior, group=None, target=None, name=None,
+               args=(), kwargs={}):
+    """Constructor.
+
+    Args:
+      behavior (function): Function called on join() with a single
+          argument, timeout, indicating the maximum duration of
+          `behavior`, or None indicating `behavior` has no deadline.
+          `behavior` must be idempotent.
+      group (None): should be None.  Reseved for future extensions
+          when ThreadGroup is implemented.
+      target (function): The function to invoke when this thread is
+          run.  Defaults to None.
+      name (str): The name of this thread.  Defaults to None.
+        args (tuple[object]): A tuple of arguments to pass to `target`.
+      kwargs (dict[str,object]): A dictionary of keyword arguments to
+           pass to `target`.
+    """
+    super(CleanupThread, self).__init__(group=group, target=target,
+                                        name=name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+    self._behavior = behavior
+
+  def join(self, timeout=None):
+    start_time = time.time()
+    self._behavior(timeout)
+    end_time = time.time()
+    if timeout is not None:
+      timeout -= end_time - start_time
+      timeout = max(timeout, 0)
+    super(CleanupThread, self).join(timeout)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/test_utilities.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_credential_composition.py
index 6a09739643..9cb5508e27 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/test_utilities.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_credential_composition.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
 # All rights reserved.
 #
 # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -27,20 +27,22 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-import threading
-
 from grpc._cython import cygrpc
 
 
-class CompletionQueuePollFuture:
+def _call(call_credentialses):
+  call_credentials_iterator = iter(call_credentialses)
+  composition = next(call_credentials_iterator)
+  for additional_call_credentials in call_credentials_iterator:
+    composition = cygrpc.call_credentials_composite(
+        composition, additional_call_credentials)
+  return composition
+
+
+def call(call_credentialses):
+  return _call(call_credentialses)
 
-  def __init__(self, completion_queue, deadline):
-    def poller_function():
-      self._event_result = completion_queue.poll(deadline)
-    self._event_result = None
-    self._thread = threading.Thread(target=poller_function)
-    self._thread.start()
 
-  def result(self):
-    self._thread.join()
-    return self._event_result
+def channel(channel_credentials, call_credentialses):
+  return cygrpc.channel_credentials_composite(
+      channel_credentials, _call(call_credentialses))
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx.pxi
index 1bfe6344e0..ba60986143 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx.pxi
@@ -37,13 +37,16 @@ cdef class Call:
     self.c_call = NULL
     self.references = []
 
-  def start_batch(self, operations, tag):
+  def _start_batch(self, operations, tag, retain_self):
     if not self.is_valid:
       raise ValueError("invalid call object cannot be used from Python")
     cdef grpc_call_error result
     cdef Operations cy_operations = Operations(operations)
     cdef OperationTag operation_tag = OperationTag(tag)
-    operation_tag.operation_call = self
+    if retain_self:
+      operation_tag.operation_call = self
+    else:
+      operation_tag.operation_call = None
     operation_tag.batch_operations = cy_operations
     cpython.Py_INCREF(operation_tag)
     with nogil:
@@ -52,9 +55,18 @@ cdef class Call:
           <cpython.PyObject *>operation_tag, NULL)
     return result
 
+  def start_client_batch(self, operations, tag):
+    # We don't reference this call in the operations tag because
+    # it should be cancelled when it goes out of scope
+    return self._start_batch(operations, tag, False)
+
+  def start_server_batch(self, operations, tag):
+    return self._start_batch(operations, tag, True)
+
   def cancel(
       self, grpc_status_code error_code=GRPC_STATUS__DO_NOT_USE,
       details=None):
+    details = str_to_bytes(details)
     if not self.is_valid:
       raise ValueError("invalid call object cannot be used from Python")
     if (details is None) != (error_code == GRPC_STATUS__DO_NOT_USE):
@@ -63,12 +75,6 @@ cdef class Call:
     cdef grpc_call_error result
     cdef char *c_details = NULL
     if error_code != GRPC_STATUS__DO_NOT_USE:
-      if isinstance(details, bytes):
-        pass
-      elif isinstance(details, basestring):
-        details = details.encode()
-      else:
-        raise TypeError("expected details to be str or bytes")
       self.references.append(details)
       c_details = details
       with nogil:
@@ -99,8 +105,7 @@ cdef class Call:
 
   def __dealloc__(self):
     if self.c_call != NULL:
-      with nogil:
-        grpc_call_destroy(self.c_call)
+      grpc_call_destroy(self.c_call)
 
   # The object *should* always be valid from Python. Used for debugging.
   @property
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/channel.pyx.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/channel.pyx.pxi
index c26bc083cf..5416401431 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/channel.pyx.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/channel.pyx.pxi
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ cimport cpython
 
 cdef class Channel:
 
-  def __cinit__(self, target, ChannelArgs arguments=None,
+  def __cinit__(self, bytes target, ChannelArgs arguments=None,
                 ChannelCredentials channel_credentials=None):
     cdef grpc_channel_args *c_arguments = NULL
     cdef char *c_target = NULL
@@ -40,12 +40,6 @@ cdef class Channel:
     self.references = []
     if arguments is not None:
       c_arguments = &arguments.c_args
-    if isinstance(target, bytes):
-      pass
-    elif isinstance(target, basestring):
-      target = target.encode()
-    else:
-      raise TypeError("expected target to be str or bytes")
     c_target = target
     if channel_credentials is None:
       with nogil:
@@ -64,23 +58,10 @@ cdef class Channel:
                   method, host, Timespec deadline not None):
     if queue.is_shutting_down:
       raise ValueError("queue must not be shutting down or shutdown")
-    if isinstance(method, bytes):
-      pass
-    elif isinstance(method, basestring):
-      method = method.encode()
-    else:
-      raise TypeError("expected method to be str or bytes")
     cdef char *method_c_string = method
     cdef char *host_c_string = NULL
-    if host is None:
-      pass
-    elif isinstance(host, bytes):
-      host_c_string = host
-    elif isinstance(host, basestring):
-      host = host.encode()
+    if host is not None:
       host_c_string = host
-    else:
-      raise TypeError("expected host to be str, bytes, or None")
     cdef Call operation_call = Call()
     operation_call.references = [self, method, host, queue]
     cdef grpc_call *parent_call = NULL
@@ -121,5 +102,4 @@ cdef class Channel:
 
   def __dealloc__(self):
     if self.c_channel != NULL:
-      with nogil:
-        grpc_channel_destroy(self.c_channel)
+      grpc_channel_destroy(self.c_channel)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pxd.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pxd.pxi
index a67c963684..01089c3dc0 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pxd.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pxd.pxi
@@ -31,9 +31,6 @@
 cdef class CompletionQueue:
 
   cdef grpc_completion_queue *c_completion_queue
-  cdef object pluck_condition
-  cdef int num_plucking
-  cdef int num_polling
   cdef bint is_shutting_down
   cdef bint is_shutdown
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pyx.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pyx.pxi
index cdae39d519..5955021ceb 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pyx.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/completion_queue.pyx.pxi
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ cimport cpython
 import threading
 import time
 
+cdef int _INTERRUPT_CHECK_PERIOD_MS = 200
+
 
 cdef class CompletionQueue:
 
@@ -40,9 +42,6 @@ cdef class CompletionQueue:
       self.c_completion_queue = grpc_completion_queue_create(NULL)
     self.is_shutting_down = False
     self.is_shutdown = False
-    self.pluck_condition = threading.Condition()
-    self.num_plucking = 0
-    self.num_polling = 0
 
   cdef _interpret_event(self, grpc_event event):
     cdef OperationTag tag = None
@@ -83,45 +82,27 @@ cdef class CompletionQueue:
   def poll(self, Timespec deadline=None):
     # We name this 'poll' to avoid problems with CPython's expectations for
     # 'special' methods (like next and __next__).
+    cdef gpr_timespec c_increment
+    cdef gpr_timespec c_timeout
     cdef gpr_timespec c_deadline
     with nogil:
+      c_increment = gpr_time_from_millis(_INTERRUPT_CHECK_PERIOD_MS, GPR_TIMESPAN)
       c_deadline = gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)
-    if deadline is not None:
-      c_deadline = deadline.c_time
-    cdef grpc_event event
-
-    # Poll within a critical section to detect contention
-    with self.pluck_condition:
-      assert self.num_plucking == 0, 'cannot simultaneously pluck and poll'
-      self.num_polling += 1
-    with nogil:
-      event = grpc_completion_queue_next(
-          self.c_completion_queue, c_deadline, NULL)
-    with self.pluck_condition:
-      self.num_polling -= 1
-    return self._interpret_event(event)
-
-  def pluck(self, OperationTag tag, Timespec deadline=None):
-    # Plucking a 'None' tag is equivalent to passing control to GRPC core until
-    # the deadline.
-    cdef gpr_timespec c_deadline = gpr_inf_future(
-        GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)
-    if deadline is not None:
-      c_deadline = deadline.c_time
-    cdef grpc_event event
-
-    # Pluck within a critical section to detect contention
-    with self.pluck_condition:
-      assert self.num_polling == 0, 'cannot simultaneously pluck and poll'
-      assert self.num_plucking < GRPC_MAX_COMPLETION_QUEUE_PLUCKERS, (
-          'cannot pluck more than {} times simultaneously'.format(
-              GRPC_MAX_COMPLETION_QUEUE_PLUCKERS))
-      self.num_plucking += 1
-    with nogil:
-      event = grpc_completion_queue_pluck(
-          self.c_completion_queue, <cpython.PyObject *>tag, c_deadline, NULL)
-    with self.pluck_condition:
-      self.num_plucking -= 1
+      if deadline is not None:
+        c_deadline = deadline.c_time
+      
+      while True:
+        c_timeout = gpr_time_add(gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME), c_increment)
+        if gpr_time_cmp(c_timeout, c_deadline) > 0:
+          c_timeout = c_deadline
+        event = grpc_completion_queue_next(
+          self.c_completion_queue, c_timeout, NULL)
+        if event.type != GRPC_QUEUE_TIMEOUT or gpr_time_cmp(c_timeout, c_deadline) == 0:
+          break;
+        
+        # Handle any signals
+        with gil:
+          cpython.PyErr_CheckSignals()
     return self._interpret_event(event)
 
   def shutdown(self):
@@ -137,18 +118,14 @@ cdef class CompletionQueue:
 
   def __dealloc__(self):
     cdef gpr_timespec c_deadline
-    with nogil:
-      c_deadline = gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)
+    c_deadline = gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)
     if self.c_completion_queue != NULL:
       # Ensure shutdown
       if not self.is_shutting_down:
-        with nogil:
-          grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(self.c_completion_queue)
-      # Pump the queue
+        grpc_completion_queue_shutdown(self.c_completion_queue)
+      # Pump the queue (All outstanding calls should have been cancelled)
       while not self.is_shutdown:
-        with nogil:
-          event = grpc_completion_queue_next(
-              self.c_completion_queue, c_deadline, NULL)
+        event = grpc_completion_queue_next(
+            self.c_completion_queue, c_deadline, NULL)
         self._interpret_event(event)
-      with nogil:
-        grpc_completion_queue_destroy(self.c_completion_queue)
+      grpc_completion_queue_destroy(self.c_completion_queue)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pxd.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pxd.pxi
index 19a59e08f3..d377a67520 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pxd.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pxd.pxi
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ cdef class ServerCredentials:
 cdef class CredentialsMetadataPlugin:
 
   cdef object plugin_callback
-  cdef str plugin_name
+  cdef bytes plugin_name
 
   cdef grpc_metadata_credentials_plugin make_c_plugin(self)
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx.pxi
index 1ba86457af..035ac49a8b 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx.pxi
@@ -46,8 +46,7 @@ cdef class ChannelCredentials:
 
   def __dealloc__(self):
     if self.c_credentials != NULL:
-      with nogil:
-        grpc_channel_credentials_release(self.c_credentials)
+      grpc_channel_credentials_release(self.c_credentials)
 
 
 cdef class CallCredentials:
@@ -64,8 +63,7 @@ cdef class CallCredentials:
 
   def __dealloc__(self):
     if self.c_credentials != NULL:
-      with nogil:
-        grpc_call_credentials_release(self.c_credentials)
+      grpc_call_credentials_release(self.c_credentials)
 
 
 cdef class ServerCredentials:
@@ -76,13 +74,12 @@ cdef class ServerCredentials:
 
   def __dealloc__(self):
     if self.c_credentials != NULL:
-      with nogil:
-        grpc_server_credentials_release(self.c_credentials)
+      grpc_server_credentials_release(self.c_credentials)
 
 
 cdef class CredentialsMetadataPlugin:
 
-  def __cinit__(self, object plugin_callback, str name):
+  def __cinit__(self, object plugin_callback, bytes name):
     """
     Args:
       plugin_callback (callable): Callback accepting a service URL (str/bytes)
@@ -91,7 +88,7 @@ cdef class CredentialsMetadataPlugin:
         when called should be non-blocking and eventually call the callback
         object with the appropriate status code/details and metadata (if
         successful).
-      name (str): Plugin name.
+      name (bytes): Plugin name.
     """
     if not callable(plugin_callback):
       raise ValueError('expected callable plugin_callback')
@@ -129,7 +126,7 @@ cdef void plugin_get_metadata(
     grpc_credentials_plugin_metadata_cb cb, void *user_data) with gil:
   def python_callback(
       Metadata metadata, grpc_status_code status,
-      const char *error_details):
+      bytes error_details):
     cb(user_data, metadata.c_metadata_array.metadata,
        metadata.c_metadata_array.count, status, error_details)
   cdef CredentialsMetadataPlugin self = <CredentialsMetadataPlugin>state
@@ -148,14 +145,7 @@ def channel_credentials_google_default():
 
 def channel_credentials_ssl(pem_root_certificates,
                             SslPemKeyCertPair ssl_pem_key_cert_pair):
-  if pem_root_certificates is None:
-    pass
-  elif isinstance(pem_root_certificates, bytes):
-    pass
-  elif isinstance(pem_root_certificates, basestring):
-    pem_root_certificates = pem_root_certificates.encode()
-  else:
-    raise TypeError("expected str or bytes for pem_root_certificates")
+  pem_root_certificates = str_to_bytes(pem_root_certificates)
   cdef ChannelCredentials credentials = ChannelCredentials()
   cdef const char *c_pem_root_certificates = NULL
   if pem_root_certificates is not None:
@@ -207,12 +197,7 @@ def call_credentials_google_compute_engine():
 
 def call_credentials_service_account_jwt_access(
     json_key, Timespec token_lifetime not None):
-  if isinstance(json_key, bytes):
-    pass
-  elif isinstance(json_key, basestring):
-    json_key = json_key.encode()
-  else:
-    raise TypeError("expected json_key to be str or bytes")
+  json_key = str_to_bytes(json_key)
   cdef CallCredentials credentials = CallCredentials()
   cdef char *json_key_c_string = json_key
   with nogil:
@@ -223,12 +208,7 @@ def call_credentials_service_account_jwt_access(
   return credentials
 
 def call_credentials_google_refresh_token(json_refresh_token):
-  if isinstance(json_refresh_token, bytes):
-    pass
-  elif isinstance(json_refresh_token, basestring):
-    json_refresh_token = json_refresh_token.encode()
-  else:
-    raise TypeError("expected json_refresh_token to be str or bytes")
+  json_refresh_token = str_to_bytes(json_refresh_token)
   cdef CallCredentials credentials = CallCredentials()
   cdef char *json_refresh_token_c_string = json_refresh_token
   with nogil:
@@ -238,18 +218,8 @@ def call_credentials_google_refresh_token(json_refresh_token):
   return credentials
 
 def call_credentials_google_iam(authorization_token, authority_selector):
-  if isinstance(authorization_token, bytes):
-    pass
-  elif isinstance(authorization_token, basestring):
-    authorization_token = authorization_token.encode()
-  else:
-    raise TypeError("expected authorization_token to be str or bytes")
-  if isinstance(authority_selector, bytes):
-    pass
-  elif isinstance(authority_selector, basestring):
-    authority_selector = authority_selector.encode()
-  else:
-    raise TypeError("expected authority_selector to be str or bytes")
+  authorization_token = str_to_bytes(authorization_token)
+  authority_selector = str_to_bytes(authority_selector)
   cdef CallCredentials credentials = CallCredentials()
   cdef char *authorization_token_c_string = authorization_token
   cdef char *authority_selector_c_string = authority_selector
@@ -272,16 +242,10 @@ def call_credentials_metadata_plugin(CredentialsMetadataPlugin plugin):
 
 def server_credentials_ssl(pem_root_certs, pem_key_cert_pairs,
                            bint force_client_auth):
+  pem_root_certs = str_to_bytes(pem_root_certs)
   cdef char *c_pem_root_certs = NULL
-  if pem_root_certs is None:
-    pass
-  elif isinstance(pem_root_certs, bytes):
-    c_pem_root_certs = pem_root_certs
-  elif isinstance(pem_root_certs, basestring):
-    pem_root_certs = pem_root_certs.encode()
+  if pem_root_certs is not None: 
     c_pem_root_certs = pem_root_certs
-  else:
-    raise TypeError("expected pem_root_certs to be str or bytes")
   pem_key_cert_pairs = list(pem_key_cert_pairs)
   for pair in pem_key_cert_pairs:
     if not isinstance(pair, SslPemKeyCertPair):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxi
index 05b8886df7..7714504d1b 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc.pxi
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ cdef extern from "grpc/_cython/loader.h":
   ctypedef long int64_t
 
   int pygrpc_load_core(char*)
+  int pygrpc_initialize_core()
 
   void *gpr_malloc(size_t size) nogil
   void gpr_free(void *ptr) nogil
@@ -80,6 +81,12 @@ cdef extern from "grpc/_cython/loader.h":
   gpr_timespec gpr_convert_clock_type(gpr_timespec t,
                                       gpr_clock_type target_clock) nogil
 
+  gpr_timespec gpr_time_from_millis(int64_t ms, gpr_clock_type type) nogil
+
+  gpr_timespec gpr_time_add(gpr_timespec a, gpr_timespec b) nogil
+
+  int gpr_time_cmp(gpr_timespec a, gpr_timespec b) nogil
+  
   ctypedef enum grpc_status_code:
     GRPC_STATUS_OK
     GRPC_STATUS_CANCELLED
@@ -125,8 +132,8 @@ cdef extern from "grpc/_cython/loader.h":
   size_t grpc_byte_buffer_length(grpc_byte_buffer *bb) nogil
   void grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(grpc_byte_buffer *byte_buffer) nogil
 
-  void grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader,
-                                    grpc_byte_buffer *buffer) nogil
+  int grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader,
+                                   grpc_byte_buffer *buffer) nogil
   int grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader,
                                    gpr_slice *slice) nogil
   void grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader) nogil
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/interfaces/links/utilities.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc_string.pyx.pxi
index 6e4fd76d93..274f038e0a 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/interfaces/links/utilities.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc_string.pyx.pxi
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
 # All rights reserved.
 #
 # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -27,18 +27,13 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-"""Utilities provided as part of the links interface."""
 
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-
-
-class _NullLink(links.Link):
-  """A do-nothing links.Link."""
-
-  def accept_ticket(self, ticket):
-    pass
-
-  def join_link(self, link):
-    pass
-
-NULL_LINK = _NullLink()
+# This function will ascii encode unicode string inputs if neccesary.
+# In Python3, unicode strings are the default str type.
+cdef bytes str_to_bytes(object s):
+  if s is None or isinstance(s, bytes):
+    return s
+  elif isinstance(s, unicode):
+    return s.encode('ascii')
+  else:
+    raise TypeError('Expected bytes, str, or unicode, not {}'.format(type(s)))
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pxd.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pxd.pxi
index 0474697af8..96c5b02bc2 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pxd.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pxd.pxi
@@ -58,14 +58,14 @@ cdef class Event:
   cdef readonly bint success
   cdef readonly object tag
 
-  # For operations with calls
-  cdef readonly Call operation_call
-
   # For Server.request_call
   cdef readonly bint is_new_request
   cdef readonly CallDetails request_call_details
   cdef readonly Metadata request_metadata
 
+  # For server calls
+  cdef readonly Call operation_call
+
   # For Call.start_batch
   cdef readonly Operations batch_operations
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pyx.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pyx.pxi
index e0219b0086..54b3d00dfc 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pyx.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/records.pyx.pxi
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class ConnectivityState:
   connecting = GRPC_CHANNEL_CONNECTING
   ready = GRPC_CHANNEL_READY
   transient_failure = GRPC_CHANNEL_TRANSIENT_FAILURE
-  fatal_failure = GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN
+  shutdown = GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN
 
 
 class ChannelArgKey:
@@ -231,22 +231,10 @@ cdef class Event:
 
 cdef class ByteBuffer:
 
-  def __cinit__(self, data):
+  def __cinit__(self, bytes data):
     if data is None:
       self.c_byte_buffer = NULL
       return
-    if isinstance(data, bytes):
-      pass
-    elif isinstance(data, basestring):
-      data = data.encode()
-    elif isinstance(data, ByteBuffer):
-      data = (<ByteBuffer>data).bytes()
-      if data is None:
-        self.c_byte_buffer = NULL
-        return
-    else:
-      raise TypeError("expected value to be of type str, bytes, or "
-                      "ByteBuffer, not {}".format(type(data)))
 
     cdef char *c_data = data
     cdef gpr_slice data_slice
@@ -264,9 +252,13 @@ cdef class ByteBuffer:
     cdef gpr_slice data_slice
     cdef size_t data_slice_length
     cdef void *data_slice_pointer
+    cdef bint reader_status
     if self.c_byte_buffer != NULL:
       with nogil:
-        grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(&reader, self.c_byte_buffer)
+        reader_status = grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init(
+            &reader, self.c_byte_buffer)
+      if not reader_status:
+        return None
       result = bytearray()
       with nogil:
         while grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next(&reader, &data_slice):
@@ -295,54 +287,33 @@ cdef class ByteBuffer:
 
   def __dealloc__(self):
     if self.c_byte_buffer != NULL:
-      with nogil:
-        grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(self.c_byte_buffer)
+      grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(self.c_byte_buffer)
 
 
 cdef class SslPemKeyCertPair:
 
-  def __cinit__(self, private_key, certificate_chain):
-    if isinstance(private_key, bytes):
-      self.private_key = private_key
-    elif isinstance(private_key, basestring):
-      self.private_key = private_key.encode()
-    else:
-      raise TypeError("expected private_key to be of type str or bytes")
-    if isinstance(certificate_chain, bytes):
-      self.certificate_chain = certificate_chain
-    elif isinstance(certificate_chain, basestring):
-      self.certificate_chain = certificate_chain.encode()
-    else:
-      raise TypeError("expected certificate_chain to be of type str or bytes "
-                      "or int")
+  def __cinit__(self, bytes private_key, bytes certificate_chain):
+    self.private_key = private_key
+    self.certificate_chain = certificate_chain
     self.c_pair.private_key = self.private_key
     self.c_pair.certificate_chain = self.certificate_chain
 
 
 cdef class ChannelArg:
 
-  def __cinit__(self, key, value):
-    if isinstance(key, bytes):
-      self.key = key
-    elif isinstance(key, basestring):
-      self.key = key.encode()
-    else:
-      raise TypeError("expected key to be of type str or bytes")
-    if isinstance(value, bytes):
+  def __cinit__(self, bytes key, value):
+    self.key = key
+    self.c_arg.key = self.key
+    if isinstance(value, int):
       self.value = value
-      self.c_arg.type = GRPC_ARG_STRING
-      self.c_arg.value.string = self.value
-    elif isinstance(value, basestring):
-      self.value = value.encode()
-      self.c_arg.type = GRPC_ARG_STRING
-      self.c_arg.value.string = self.value
-    elif isinstance(value, int):
-      self.value = int(value)
       self.c_arg.type = GRPC_ARG_INTEGER
       self.c_arg.value.integer = self.value
+    elif isinstance(value, bytes):
+      self.value = value
+      self.c_arg.type = GRPC_ARG_STRING
+      self.c_arg.value.string = self.value
     else:
-      raise TypeError("expected value to be of type str or bytes or int")
-    self.c_arg.key = self.key
+      raise TypeError('Expected int or bytes, got {}'.format(type(value)))
 
 
 cdef class ChannelArgs:
@@ -374,19 +345,9 @@ cdef class ChannelArgs:
 
 cdef class Metadatum:
 
-  def __cinit__(self, key, value):
-    if isinstance(key, bytes):
-      self._key = key
-    elif isinstance(key, basestring):
-      self._key = key.encode()
-    else:
-      raise TypeError("expected key to be of type str or bytes")
-    if isinstance(value, bytes):
-      self._value = value
-    elif isinstance(value, basestring):
-      self._value = value.encode()
-    else:
-      raise TypeError("expected value to be of type str or bytes")
+  def __cinit__(self, bytes key, bytes value):
+    self._key = key
+    self._value = value
     self.c_metadata.key = self._key
     self.c_metadata.value = self._value
     self.c_metadata.value_length = len(self._value)
@@ -458,8 +419,7 @@ cdef class Metadata:
     # this frees the allocated memory for the grpc_metadata_array (although
     # it'd be nice if that were documented somewhere...)
     # TODO(atash): document this in the C core
-    with nogil:
-      grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&self.c_metadata_array)
+    grpc_metadata_array_destroy(&self.c_metadata_array)
 
   def __len__(self):
     return self.c_metadata_array.count
@@ -568,8 +528,7 @@ cdef class Operation:
     # Python. The remaining one(s) are primitive fields filled in by GRPC core.
     # This means that we need to clean up after receive_status_on_client.
     if self.c_op.type == GRPC_OP_RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
-      with nogil:
-        gpr_free(self._received_status_details)
+      gpr_free(self._received_status_details)
 
 def operation_send_initial_metadata(Metadata metadata, int flags):
   cdef Operation op = Operation()
@@ -600,13 +559,7 @@ def operation_send_close_from_client(int flags):
   return op
 
 def operation_send_status_from_server(
-    Metadata metadata, grpc_status_code code, details, int flags):
-  if isinstance(details, bytes):
-    pass
-  elif isinstance(details, basestring):
-    details = details.encode()
-  else:
-    raise TypeError("expected a str or bytes object for details")
+    Metadata metadata, grpc_status_code code, bytes details, int flags):
   cdef Operation op = Operation()
   op.c_op.type = GRPC_OP_SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER
   op.c_op.flags = flags
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx.pxi b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx.pxi
index 55948755b2..4f2d51b03f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx.pxi
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx.pxi
@@ -99,16 +99,11 @@ cdef class Server:
     with nogil:
       grpc_server_start(self.c_server)
     # Ensure the core has gotten a chance to do the start-up work
-    self.backup_shutdown_queue.pluck(None, Timespec(None))
+    self.backup_shutdown_queue.poll(Timespec(None))
 
-  def add_http2_port(self, address,
+  def add_http2_port(self, bytes address,
                      ServerCredentials server_credentials=None):
-    if isinstance(address, bytes):
-      pass
-    elif isinstance(address, basestring):
-      address = address.encode()
-    else:
-      raise TypeError("expected address to be a str or bytes")
+    address = str_to_bytes(address)
     self.references.append(address)
     cdef int result
     cdef char *address_c_string = address
@@ -176,5 +171,4 @@ cdef class Server:
         # much but repeatedly release the GIL and wait
         while not self.is_shutdown:
           time.sleep(0)
-      with nogil:
-        grpc_server_destroy(self.c_server)
+      grpc_server_destroy(self.c_server)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/cygrpc.pyx b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/cygrpc.pyx
index 8823ea5ef5..e055d321bc 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/cygrpc.pyx
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/cygrpc.pyx
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import sys
 
 # TODO(atash): figure out why the coverage tool gets confused about the Cython
 # coverage plugin when the following files don't have a '.pxi' suffix.
+include "grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/grpc_string.pyx.pxi"
 include "grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/call.pyx.pxi"
 include "grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/channel.pyx.pxi"
 include "grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/credentials.pyx.pxi"
@@ -44,30 +45,15 @@ include "grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/security.pyx.pxi"
 include "grpc/_cython/_cygrpc/server.pyx.pxi"
 
 #
-# Global state
+# initialize gRPC
 #
 
-cdef class _ModuleState:
 
-  cdef bint is_loaded
+def _initialize():
+  if not pygrpc_initialize_core():
+    raise ImportError('failed to initialize core gRPC library')
 
-  def __cinit__(self):
-    if 'win32' in sys.platform:
-      filename = pkg_resources.resource_filename(
-          'grpc._cython', '_windows/grpc_c.64.python')
-      if not pygrpc_load_core(filename):
-        raise ImportError('failed to load core gRPC library')
-    with nogil:
-      grpc_init()
-    self.is_loaded = True
-    with nogil:
-      grpc_set_ssl_roots_override_callback(
+  grpc_set_ssl_roots_override_callback(
           <grpc_ssl_roots_override_callback>ssl_roots_override_callback)
 
-  def __dealloc__(self):
-    if self.is_loaded:
-      with nogil:
-        grpc_shutdown()
-
-_module_state = _ModuleState()
-
+_initialize()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/imports.generated.c b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/imports.generated.c
index d811ec68da..c0080b5a47 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/imports.generated.c
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/imports.generated.c
@@ -31,542 +31,7 @@
  *
  */
 
+/* TODO(atash) remove cruft */
 #include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
 
 #include "imports.generated.h"
-
-#ifdef GPR_WINDOWS
-
-census_initialize_type census_initialize_import;
-census_shutdown_type census_shutdown_import;
-census_supported_type census_supported_import;
-census_enabled_type census_enabled_import;
-census_context_create_type census_context_create_import;
-census_context_destroy_type census_context_destroy_import;
-census_context_get_status_type census_context_get_status_import;
-census_context_initialize_iterator_type census_context_initialize_iterator_import;
-census_context_next_tag_type census_context_next_tag_import;
-census_context_get_tag_type census_context_get_tag_import;
-census_context_encode_type census_context_encode_import;
-census_context_decode_type census_context_decode_import;
-census_trace_mask_type census_trace_mask_import;
-census_set_trace_mask_type census_set_trace_mask_import;
-census_start_rpc_op_timestamp_type census_start_rpc_op_timestamp_import;
-census_start_client_rpc_op_type census_start_client_rpc_op_import;
-census_set_rpc_client_peer_type census_set_rpc_client_peer_import;
-census_start_server_rpc_op_type census_start_server_rpc_op_import;
-census_start_op_type census_start_op_import;
-census_end_op_type census_end_op_import;
-census_trace_print_type census_trace_print_import;
-census_trace_scan_start_type census_trace_scan_start_import;
-census_get_trace_record_type census_get_trace_record_import;
-census_trace_scan_end_type census_trace_scan_end_import;
-census_define_resource_type census_define_resource_import;
-census_delete_resource_type census_delete_resource_import;
-census_resource_id_type census_resource_id_import;
-census_record_values_type census_record_values_import;
-grpc_compression_algorithm_parse_type grpc_compression_algorithm_parse_import;
-grpc_compression_algorithm_name_type grpc_compression_algorithm_name_import;
-grpc_compression_algorithm_for_level_type grpc_compression_algorithm_for_level_import;
-grpc_compression_options_init_type grpc_compression_options_init_import;
-grpc_compression_options_enable_algorithm_type grpc_compression_options_enable_algorithm_import;
-grpc_compression_options_disable_algorithm_type grpc_compression_options_disable_algorithm_import;
-grpc_compression_options_is_algorithm_enabled_type grpc_compression_options_is_algorithm_enabled_import;
-grpc_metadata_array_init_type grpc_metadata_array_init_import;
-grpc_metadata_array_destroy_type grpc_metadata_array_destroy_import;
-grpc_call_details_init_type grpc_call_details_init_import;
-grpc_call_details_destroy_type grpc_call_details_destroy_import;
-grpc_register_plugin_type grpc_register_plugin_import;
-grpc_init_type grpc_init_import;
-grpc_shutdown_type grpc_shutdown_import;
-grpc_version_string_type grpc_version_string_import;
-grpc_completion_queue_create_type grpc_completion_queue_create_import;
-grpc_completion_queue_next_type grpc_completion_queue_next_import;
-grpc_completion_queue_pluck_type grpc_completion_queue_pluck_import;
-grpc_completion_queue_shutdown_type grpc_completion_queue_shutdown_import;
-grpc_completion_queue_destroy_type grpc_completion_queue_destroy_import;
-grpc_alarm_create_type grpc_alarm_create_import;
-grpc_alarm_cancel_type grpc_alarm_cancel_import;
-grpc_alarm_destroy_type grpc_alarm_destroy_import;
-grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state_type grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state_import;
-grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state_type grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state_import;
-grpc_channel_create_call_type grpc_channel_create_call_import;
-grpc_channel_ping_type grpc_channel_ping_import;
-grpc_channel_register_call_type grpc_channel_register_call_import;
-grpc_channel_create_registered_call_type grpc_channel_create_registered_call_import;
-grpc_call_start_batch_type grpc_call_start_batch_import;
-grpc_call_get_peer_type grpc_call_get_peer_import;
-grpc_census_call_set_context_type grpc_census_call_set_context_import;
-grpc_census_call_get_context_type grpc_census_call_get_context_import;
-grpc_channel_get_target_type grpc_channel_get_target_import;
-grpc_insecure_channel_create_type grpc_insecure_channel_create_import;
-grpc_lame_client_channel_create_type grpc_lame_client_channel_create_import;
-grpc_channel_destroy_type grpc_channel_destroy_import;
-grpc_call_cancel_type grpc_call_cancel_import;
-grpc_call_cancel_with_status_type grpc_call_cancel_with_status_import;
-grpc_call_destroy_type grpc_call_destroy_import;
-grpc_server_request_call_type grpc_server_request_call_import;
-grpc_server_register_method_type grpc_server_register_method_import;
-grpc_server_request_registered_call_type grpc_server_request_registered_call_import;
-grpc_server_create_type grpc_server_create_import;
-grpc_server_register_completion_queue_type grpc_server_register_completion_queue_import;
-grpc_server_register_non_listening_completion_queue_type grpc_server_register_non_listening_completion_queue_import;
-grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port_type grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port_import;
-grpc_server_start_type grpc_server_start_import;
-grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify_type grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify_import;
-grpc_server_cancel_all_calls_type grpc_server_cancel_all_calls_import;
-grpc_server_destroy_type grpc_server_destroy_import;
-grpc_tracer_set_enabled_type grpc_tracer_set_enabled_import;
-grpc_header_key_is_legal_type grpc_header_key_is_legal_import;
-grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal_type grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal_import;
-grpc_is_binary_header_type grpc_is_binary_header_import;
-grpc_call_error_to_string_type grpc_call_error_to_string_import;
-grpc_auth_property_iterator_next_type grpc_auth_property_iterator_next_import;
-grpc_auth_context_property_iterator_type grpc_auth_context_property_iterator_import;
-grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_type grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_import;
-grpc_auth_context_find_properties_by_name_type grpc_auth_context_find_properties_by_name_import;
-grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name_type grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name_import;
-grpc_auth_context_peer_is_authenticated_type grpc_auth_context_peer_is_authenticated_import;
-grpc_call_auth_context_type grpc_call_auth_context_import;
-grpc_auth_context_release_type grpc_auth_context_release_import;
-grpc_auth_context_add_property_type grpc_auth_context_add_property_import;
-grpc_auth_context_add_cstring_property_type grpc_auth_context_add_cstring_property_import;
-grpc_auth_context_set_peer_identity_property_name_type grpc_auth_context_set_peer_identity_property_name_import;
-grpc_channel_credentials_release_type grpc_channel_credentials_release_import;
-grpc_google_default_credentials_create_type grpc_google_default_credentials_create_import;
-grpc_set_ssl_roots_override_callback_type grpc_set_ssl_roots_override_callback_import;
-grpc_ssl_credentials_create_type grpc_ssl_credentials_create_import;
-grpc_call_credentials_release_type grpc_call_credentials_release_import;
-grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create_type grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create_import;
-grpc_composite_call_credentials_create_type grpc_composite_call_credentials_create_import;
-grpc_google_compute_engine_credentials_create_type grpc_google_compute_engine_credentials_create_import;
-grpc_max_auth_token_lifetime_type grpc_max_auth_token_lifetime_import;
-grpc_service_account_jwt_access_credentials_create_type grpc_service_account_jwt_access_credentials_create_import;
-grpc_google_refresh_token_credentials_create_type grpc_google_refresh_token_credentials_create_import;
-grpc_access_token_credentials_create_type grpc_access_token_credentials_create_import;
-grpc_google_iam_credentials_create_type grpc_google_iam_credentials_create_import;
-grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin_type grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin_import;
-grpc_secure_channel_create_type grpc_secure_channel_create_import;
-grpc_server_credentials_release_type grpc_server_credentials_release_import;
-grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_type grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_import;
-grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_ex_type grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_ex_import;
-grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port_type grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port_import;
-grpc_call_set_credentials_type grpc_call_set_credentials_import;
-grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_type grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_import;
-gpr_malloc_type gpr_malloc_import;
-gpr_free_type gpr_free_import;
-gpr_realloc_type gpr_realloc_import;
-gpr_malloc_aligned_type gpr_malloc_aligned_import;
-gpr_free_aligned_type gpr_free_aligned_import;
-gpr_set_allocation_functions_type gpr_set_allocation_functions_import;
-gpr_get_allocation_functions_type gpr_get_allocation_functions_import;
-grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_type grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_import;
-grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_type grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_copy_type grpc_byte_buffer_copy_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_length_type grpc_byte_buffer_length_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_type grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_import;
-grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_import;
-grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_type grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_import;
-gpr_log_type gpr_log_import;
-gpr_log_message_type gpr_log_message_import;
-gpr_set_log_verbosity_type gpr_set_log_verbosity_import;
-gpr_log_verbosity_init_type gpr_log_verbosity_init_import;
-gpr_set_log_function_type gpr_set_log_function_import;
-gpr_slice_ref_type gpr_slice_ref_import;
-gpr_slice_unref_type gpr_slice_unref_import;
-gpr_slice_new_type gpr_slice_new_import;
-gpr_slice_new_with_len_type gpr_slice_new_with_len_import;
-gpr_slice_malloc_type gpr_slice_malloc_import;
-gpr_slice_from_copied_string_type gpr_slice_from_copied_string_import;
-gpr_slice_from_copied_buffer_type gpr_slice_from_copied_buffer_import;
-gpr_slice_from_static_string_type gpr_slice_from_static_string_import;
-gpr_slice_sub_type gpr_slice_sub_import;
-gpr_slice_sub_no_ref_type gpr_slice_sub_no_ref_import;
-gpr_slice_split_tail_type gpr_slice_split_tail_import;
-gpr_slice_split_head_type gpr_slice_split_head_import;
-gpr_empty_slice_type gpr_empty_slice_import;
-gpr_slice_cmp_type gpr_slice_cmp_import;
-gpr_slice_str_cmp_type gpr_slice_str_cmp_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_init_type gpr_slice_buffer_init_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_destroy_type gpr_slice_buffer_destroy_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_add_type gpr_slice_buffer_add_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_add_indexed_type gpr_slice_buffer_add_indexed_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_addn_type gpr_slice_buffer_addn_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_tiny_add_type gpr_slice_buffer_tiny_add_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_pop_type gpr_slice_buffer_pop_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_type gpr_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_swap_type gpr_slice_buffer_swap_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_move_into_type gpr_slice_buffer_move_into_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_trim_end_type gpr_slice_buffer_trim_end_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_move_first_type gpr_slice_buffer_move_first_import;
-gpr_slice_buffer_take_first_type gpr_slice_buffer_take_first_import;
-gpr_mu_init_type gpr_mu_init_import;
-gpr_mu_destroy_type gpr_mu_destroy_import;
-gpr_mu_lock_type gpr_mu_lock_import;
-gpr_mu_unlock_type gpr_mu_unlock_import;
-gpr_mu_trylock_type gpr_mu_trylock_import;
-gpr_cv_init_type gpr_cv_init_import;
-gpr_cv_destroy_type gpr_cv_destroy_import;
-gpr_cv_wait_type gpr_cv_wait_import;
-gpr_cv_signal_type gpr_cv_signal_import;
-gpr_cv_broadcast_type gpr_cv_broadcast_import;
-gpr_once_init_type gpr_once_init_import;
-gpr_event_init_type gpr_event_init_import;
-gpr_event_set_type gpr_event_set_import;
-gpr_event_get_type gpr_event_get_import;
-gpr_event_wait_type gpr_event_wait_import;
-gpr_ref_init_type gpr_ref_init_import;
-gpr_ref_type gpr_ref_import;
-gpr_ref_non_zero_type gpr_ref_non_zero_import;
-gpr_refn_type gpr_refn_import;
-gpr_unref_type gpr_unref_import;
-gpr_stats_init_type gpr_stats_init_import;
-gpr_stats_inc_type gpr_stats_inc_import;
-gpr_stats_read_type gpr_stats_read_import;
-gpr_time_0_type gpr_time_0_import;
-gpr_inf_future_type gpr_inf_future_import;
-gpr_inf_past_type gpr_inf_past_import;
-gpr_time_init_type gpr_time_init_import;
-gpr_now_type gpr_now_import;
-gpr_convert_clock_type_type gpr_convert_clock_type_import;
-gpr_time_cmp_type gpr_time_cmp_import;
-gpr_time_max_type gpr_time_max_import;
-gpr_time_min_type gpr_time_min_import;
-gpr_time_add_type gpr_time_add_import;
-gpr_time_sub_type gpr_time_sub_import;
-gpr_time_from_micros_type gpr_time_from_micros_import;
-gpr_time_from_nanos_type gpr_time_from_nanos_import;
-gpr_time_from_millis_type gpr_time_from_millis_import;
-gpr_time_from_seconds_type gpr_time_from_seconds_import;
-gpr_time_from_minutes_type gpr_time_from_minutes_import;
-gpr_time_from_hours_type gpr_time_from_hours_import;
-gpr_time_to_millis_type gpr_time_to_millis_import;
-gpr_time_similar_type gpr_time_similar_import;
-gpr_sleep_until_type gpr_sleep_until_import;
-gpr_timespec_to_micros_type gpr_timespec_to_micros_import;
-gpr_avl_create_type gpr_avl_create_import;
-gpr_avl_ref_type gpr_avl_ref_import;
-gpr_avl_unref_type gpr_avl_unref_import;
-gpr_avl_add_type gpr_avl_add_import;
-gpr_avl_remove_type gpr_avl_remove_import;
-gpr_avl_get_type gpr_avl_get_import;
-gpr_cmdline_create_type gpr_cmdline_create_import;
-gpr_cmdline_add_int_type gpr_cmdline_add_int_import;
-gpr_cmdline_add_flag_type gpr_cmdline_add_flag_import;
-gpr_cmdline_add_string_type gpr_cmdline_add_string_import;
-gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg_type gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg_import;
-gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure_type gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure_import;
-gpr_cmdline_parse_type gpr_cmdline_parse_import;
-gpr_cmdline_destroy_type gpr_cmdline_destroy_import;
-gpr_cmdline_usage_string_type gpr_cmdline_usage_string_import;
-gpr_cpu_num_cores_type gpr_cpu_num_cores_import;
-gpr_cpu_current_cpu_type gpr_cpu_current_cpu_import;
-gpr_histogram_create_type gpr_histogram_create_import;
-gpr_histogram_destroy_type gpr_histogram_destroy_import;
-gpr_histogram_add_type gpr_histogram_add_import;
-gpr_histogram_merge_type gpr_histogram_merge_import;
-gpr_histogram_percentile_type gpr_histogram_percentile_import;
-gpr_histogram_mean_type gpr_histogram_mean_import;
-gpr_histogram_stddev_type gpr_histogram_stddev_import;
-gpr_histogram_variance_type gpr_histogram_variance_import;
-gpr_histogram_maximum_type gpr_histogram_maximum_import;
-gpr_histogram_minimum_type gpr_histogram_minimum_import;
-gpr_histogram_count_type gpr_histogram_count_import;
-gpr_histogram_sum_type gpr_histogram_sum_import;
-gpr_histogram_sum_of_squares_type gpr_histogram_sum_of_squares_import;
-gpr_histogram_get_contents_type gpr_histogram_get_contents_import;
-gpr_histogram_merge_contents_type gpr_histogram_merge_contents_import;
-gpr_join_host_port_type gpr_join_host_port_import;
-gpr_split_host_port_type gpr_split_host_port_import;
-gpr_format_message_type gpr_format_message_import;
-gpr_strdup_type gpr_strdup_import;
-gpr_asprintf_type gpr_asprintf_import;
-gpr_subprocess_binary_extension_type gpr_subprocess_binary_extension_import;
-gpr_subprocess_create_type gpr_subprocess_create_import;
-gpr_subprocess_destroy_type gpr_subprocess_destroy_import;
-gpr_subprocess_join_type gpr_subprocess_join_import;
-gpr_subprocess_interrupt_type gpr_subprocess_interrupt_import;
-gpr_thd_new_type gpr_thd_new_import;
-gpr_thd_options_default_type gpr_thd_options_default_import;
-gpr_thd_options_set_detached_type gpr_thd_options_set_detached_import;
-gpr_thd_options_set_joinable_type gpr_thd_options_set_joinable_import;
-gpr_thd_options_is_detached_type gpr_thd_options_is_detached_import;
-gpr_thd_options_is_joinable_type gpr_thd_options_is_joinable_import;
-gpr_thd_currentid_type gpr_thd_currentid_import;
-gpr_thd_join_type gpr_thd_join_import;
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif  /* __cpluslus */
-
-void pygrpc_load_imports(HMODULE library) {
-  census_initialize_import = (census_initialize_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_initialize");
-  census_shutdown_import = (census_shutdown_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_shutdown");
-  census_supported_import = (census_supported_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_supported");
-  census_enabled_import = (census_enabled_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_enabled");
-  census_context_create_import = (census_context_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_context_create");
-  census_context_destroy_import = (census_context_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_context_destroy");
-  census_context_get_status_import = (census_context_get_status_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_context_get_status");
-  census_context_initialize_iterator_import = (census_context_initialize_iterator_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_context_initialize_iterator");
-  census_context_next_tag_import = (census_context_next_tag_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_context_next_tag");
-  census_context_get_tag_import = (census_context_get_tag_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_context_get_tag");
-  census_context_encode_import = (census_context_encode_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_context_encode");
-  census_context_decode_import = (census_context_decode_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_context_decode");
-  census_trace_mask_import = (census_trace_mask_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_trace_mask");
-  census_set_trace_mask_import = (census_set_trace_mask_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_set_trace_mask");
-  census_start_rpc_op_timestamp_import = (census_start_rpc_op_timestamp_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_start_rpc_op_timestamp");
-  census_start_client_rpc_op_import = (census_start_client_rpc_op_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_start_client_rpc_op");
-  census_set_rpc_client_peer_import = (census_set_rpc_client_peer_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_set_rpc_client_peer");
-  census_start_server_rpc_op_import = (census_start_server_rpc_op_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_start_server_rpc_op");
-  census_start_op_import = (census_start_op_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_start_op");
-  census_end_op_import = (census_end_op_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_end_op");
-  census_trace_print_import = (census_trace_print_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_trace_print");
-  census_trace_scan_start_import = (census_trace_scan_start_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_trace_scan_start");
-  census_get_trace_record_import = (census_get_trace_record_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_get_trace_record");
-  census_trace_scan_end_import = (census_trace_scan_end_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_trace_scan_end");
-  census_define_resource_import = (census_define_resource_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_define_resource");
-  census_delete_resource_import = (census_delete_resource_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_delete_resource");
-  census_resource_id_import = (census_resource_id_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_resource_id");
-  census_record_values_import = (census_record_values_type) GetProcAddress(library, "census_record_values");
-  grpc_compression_algorithm_parse_import = (grpc_compression_algorithm_parse_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_compression_algorithm_parse");
-  grpc_compression_algorithm_name_import = (grpc_compression_algorithm_name_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_compression_algorithm_name");
-  grpc_compression_algorithm_for_level_import = (grpc_compression_algorithm_for_level_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_compression_algorithm_for_level");
-  grpc_compression_options_init_import = (grpc_compression_options_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_compression_options_init");
-  grpc_compression_options_enable_algorithm_import = (grpc_compression_options_enable_algorithm_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_compression_options_enable_algorithm");
-  grpc_compression_options_disable_algorithm_import = (grpc_compression_options_disable_algorithm_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_compression_options_disable_algorithm");
-  grpc_compression_options_is_algorithm_enabled_import = (grpc_compression_options_is_algorithm_enabled_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_compression_options_is_algorithm_enabled");
-  grpc_metadata_array_init_import = (grpc_metadata_array_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_metadata_array_init");
-  grpc_metadata_array_destroy_import = (grpc_metadata_array_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_metadata_array_destroy");
-  grpc_call_details_init_import = (grpc_call_details_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_details_init");
-  grpc_call_details_destroy_import = (grpc_call_details_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_details_destroy");
-  grpc_register_plugin_import = (grpc_register_plugin_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_register_plugin");
-  grpc_init_import = (grpc_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_init");
-  grpc_shutdown_import = (grpc_shutdown_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_shutdown");
-  grpc_version_string_import = (grpc_version_string_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_version_string");
-  grpc_completion_queue_create_import = (grpc_completion_queue_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_completion_queue_create");
-  grpc_completion_queue_next_import = (grpc_completion_queue_next_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_completion_queue_next");
-  grpc_completion_queue_pluck_import = (grpc_completion_queue_pluck_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_completion_queue_pluck");
-  grpc_completion_queue_shutdown_import = (grpc_completion_queue_shutdown_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_completion_queue_shutdown");
-  grpc_completion_queue_destroy_import = (grpc_completion_queue_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_completion_queue_destroy");
-  grpc_alarm_create_import = (grpc_alarm_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_alarm_create");
-  grpc_alarm_cancel_import = (grpc_alarm_cancel_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_alarm_cancel");
-  grpc_alarm_destroy_import = (grpc_alarm_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_alarm_destroy");
-  grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state_import = (grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state");
-  grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state_import = (grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state");
-  grpc_channel_create_call_import = (grpc_channel_create_call_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_create_call");
-  grpc_channel_ping_import = (grpc_channel_ping_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_ping");
-  grpc_channel_register_call_import = (grpc_channel_register_call_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_register_call");
-  grpc_channel_create_registered_call_import = (grpc_channel_create_registered_call_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_create_registered_call");
-  grpc_call_start_batch_import = (grpc_call_start_batch_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_start_batch");
-  grpc_call_get_peer_import = (grpc_call_get_peer_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_get_peer");
-  grpc_census_call_set_context_import = (grpc_census_call_set_context_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_census_call_set_context");
-  grpc_census_call_get_context_import = (grpc_census_call_get_context_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_census_call_get_context");
-  grpc_channel_get_target_import = (grpc_channel_get_target_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_get_target");
-  grpc_insecure_channel_create_import = (grpc_insecure_channel_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_insecure_channel_create");
-  grpc_lame_client_channel_create_import = (grpc_lame_client_channel_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_lame_client_channel_create");
-  grpc_channel_destroy_import = (grpc_channel_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_destroy");
-  grpc_call_cancel_import = (grpc_call_cancel_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_cancel");
-  grpc_call_cancel_with_status_import = (grpc_call_cancel_with_status_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_cancel_with_status");
-  grpc_call_destroy_import = (grpc_call_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_destroy");
-  grpc_server_request_call_import = (grpc_server_request_call_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_request_call");
-  grpc_server_register_method_import = (grpc_server_register_method_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_register_method");
-  grpc_server_request_registered_call_import = (grpc_server_request_registered_call_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_request_registered_call");
-  grpc_server_create_import = (grpc_server_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_create");
-  grpc_server_register_completion_queue_import = (grpc_server_register_completion_queue_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_register_completion_queue");
-  grpc_server_register_non_listening_completion_queue_import = (grpc_server_register_non_listening_completion_queue_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_register_non_listening_completion_queue");
-  grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port_import = (grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port");
-  grpc_server_start_import = (grpc_server_start_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_start");
-  grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify_import = (grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify");
-  grpc_server_cancel_all_calls_import = (grpc_server_cancel_all_calls_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_cancel_all_calls");
-  grpc_server_destroy_import = (grpc_server_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_destroy");
-  grpc_tracer_set_enabled_import = (grpc_tracer_set_enabled_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_tracer_set_enabled");
-  grpc_header_key_is_legal_import = (grpc_header_key_is_legal_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_header_key_is_legal");
-  grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal_import = (grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal");
-  grpc_is_binary_header_import = (grpc_is_binary_header_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_is_binary_header");
-  grpc_call_error_to_string_import = (grpc_call_error_to_string_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_error_to_string");
-  grpc_auth_property_iterator_next_import = (grpc_auth_property_iterator_next_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_auth_property_iterator_next");
-  grpc_auth_context_property_iterator_import = (grpc_auth_context_property_iterator_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_auth_context_property_iterator");
-  grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_import = (grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_auth_context_peer_identity");
-  grpc_auth_context_find_properties_by_name_import = (grpc_auth_context_find_properties_by_name_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_auth_context_find_properties_by_name");
-  grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name_import = (grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name");
-  grpc_auth_context_peer_is_authenticated_import = (grpc_auth_context_peer_is_authenticated_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_auth_context_peer_is_authenticated");
-  grpc_call_auth_context_import = (grpc_call_auth_context_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_auth_context");
-  grpc_auth_context_release_import = (grpc_auth_context_release_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_auth_context_release");
-  grpc_auth_context_add_property_import = (grpc_auth_context_add_property_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_auth_context_add_property");
-  grpc_auth_context_add_cstring_property_import = (grpc_auth_context_add_cstring_property_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_auth_context_add_cstring_property");
-  grpc_auth_context_set_peer_identity_property_name_import = (grpc_auth_context_set_peer_identity_property_name_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_auth_context_set_peer_identity_property_name");
-  grpc_channel_credentials_release_import = (grpc_channel_credentials_release_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_channel_credentials_release");
-  grpc_google_default_credentials_create_import = (grpc_google_default_credentials_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_google_default_credentials_create");
-  grpc_set_ssl_roots_override_callback_import = (grpc_set_ssl_roots_override_callback_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_set_ssl_roots_override_callback");
-  grpc_ssl_credentials_create_import = (grpc_ssl_credentials_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_ssl_credentials_create");
-  grpc_call_credentials_release_import = (grpc_call_credentials_release_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_credentials_release");
-  grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create_import = (grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create");
-  grpc_composite_call_credentials_create_import = (grpc_composite_call_credentials_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_composite_call_credentials_create");
-  grpc_google_compute_engine_credentials_create_import = (grpc_google_compute_engine_credentials_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_google_compute_engine_credentials_create");
-  grpc_max_auth_token_lifetime_import = (grpc_max_auth_token_lifetime_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_max_auth_token_lifetime");
-  grpc_service_account_jwt_access_credentials_create_import = (grpc_service_account_jwt_access_credentials_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_service_account_jwt_access_credentials_create");
-  grpc_google_refresh_token_credentials_create_import = (grpc_google_refresh_token_credentials_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_google_refresh_token_credentials_create");
-  grpc_access_token_credentials_create_import = (grpc_access_token_credentials_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_access_token_credentials_create");
-  grpc_google_iam_credentials_create_import = (grpc_google_iam_credentials_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_google_iam_credentials_create");
-  grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin_import = (grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin");
-  grpc_secure_channel_create_import = (grpc_secure_channel_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_secure_channel_create");
-  grpc_server_credentials_release_import = (grpc_server_credentials_release_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_credentials_release");
-  grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_import = (grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create");
-  grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_ex_import = (grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_ex_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_ex");
-  grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port_import = (grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port");
-  grpc_call_set_credentials_import = (grpc_call_set_credentials_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_call_set_credentials");
-  grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_import = (grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor");
-  gpr_malloc_import = (gpr_malloc_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_malloc");
-  gpr_free_import = (gpr_free_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_free");
-  gpr_realloc_import = (gpr_realloc_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_realloc");
-  gpr_malloc_aligned_import = (gpr_malloc_aligned_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_malloc_aligned");
-  gpr_free_aligned_import = (gpr_free_aligned_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_free_aligned");
-  gpr_set_allocation_functions_import = (gpr_set_allocation_functions_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_set_allocation_functions");
-  gpr_get_allocation_functions_import = (gpr_get_allocation_functions_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_get_allocation_functions");
-  grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_import = (grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create");
-  grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_import = (grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_copy_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_copy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_copy");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_length_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_length_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_length");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_destroy");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next");
-  grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_import = (grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall");
-  grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_import = (grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_type) GetProcAddress(library, "grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader");
-  gpr_log_import = (gpr_log_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_log");
-  gpr_log_message_import = (gpr_log_message_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_log_message");
-  gpr_set_log_verbosity_import = (gpr_set_log_verbosity_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_set_log_verbosity");
-  gpr_log_verbosity_init_import = (gpr_log_verbosity_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_log_verbosity_init");
-  gpr_set_log_function_import = (gpr_set_log_function_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_set_log_function");
-  gpr_slice_ref_import = (gpr_slice_ref_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_ref");
-  gpr_slice_unref_import = (gpr_slice_unref_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_unref");
-  gpr_slice_new_import = (gpr_slice_new_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_new");
-  gpr_slice_new_with_len_import = (gpr_slice_new_with_len_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_new_with_len");
-  gpr_slice_malloc_import = (gpr_slice_malloc_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_malloc");
-  gpr_slice_from_copied_string_import = (gpr_slice_from_copied_string_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_from_copied_string");
-  gpr_slice_from_copied_buffer_import = (gpr_slice_from_copied_buffer_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_from_copied_buffer");
-  gpr_slice_from_static_string_import = (gpr_slice_from_static_string_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_from_static_string");
-  gpr_slice_sub_import = (gpr_slice_sub_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_sub");
-  gpr_slice_sub_no_ref_import = (gpr_slice_sub_no_ref_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_sub_no_ref");
-  gpr_slice_split_tail_import = (gpr_slice_split_tail_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_split_tail");
-  gpr_slice_split_head_import = (gpr_slice_split_head_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_split_head");
-  gpr_empty_slice_import = (gpr_empty_slice_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_empty_slice");
-  gpr_slice_cmp_import = (gpr_slice_cmp_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_cmp");
-  gpr_slice_str_cmp_import = (gpr_slice_str_cmp_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_str_cmp");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_init_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_init");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_destroy_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_destroy");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_add_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_add_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_add");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_add_indexed_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_add_indexed_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_add_indexed");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_addn_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_addn_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_addn");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_tiny_add_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_tiny_add_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_tiny_add");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_pop_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_pop_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_pop");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_swap_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_swap_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_swap");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_move_into_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_move_into_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_move_into");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_trim_end_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_trim_end_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_trim_end");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_move_first_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_move_first_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_move_first");
-  gpr_slice_buffer_take_first_import = (gpr_slice_buffer_take_first_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_slice_buffer_take_first");
-  gpr_mu_init_import = (gpr_mu_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_mu_init");
-  gpr_mu_destroy_import = (gpr_mu_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_mu_destroy");
-  gpr_mu_lock_import = (gpr_mu_lock_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_mu_lock");
-  gpr_mu_unlock_import = (gpr_mu_unlock_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_mu_unlock");
-  gpr_mu_trylock_import = (gpr_mu_trylock_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_mu_trylock");
-  gpr_cv_init_import = (gpr_cv_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cv_init");
-  gpr_cv_destroy_import = (gpr_cv_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cv_destroy");
-  gpr_cv_wait_import = (gpr_cv_wait_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cv_wait");
-  gpr_cv_signal_import = (gpr_cv_signal_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cv_signal");
-  gpr_cv_broadcast_import = (gpr_cv_broadcast_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cv_broadcast");
-  gpr_once_init_import = (gpr_once_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_once_init");
-  gpr_event_init_import = (gpr_event_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_event_init");
-  gpr_event_set_import = (gpr_event_set_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_event_set");
-  gpr_event_get_import = (gpr_event_get_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_event_get");
-  gpr_event_wait_import = (gpr_event_wait_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_event_wait");
-  gpr_ref_init_import = (gpr_ref_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_ref_init");
-  gpr_ref_import = (gpr_ref_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_ref");
-  gpr_ref_non_zero_import = (gpr_ref_non_zero_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_ref_non_zero");
-  gpr_refn_import = (gpr_refn_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_refn");
-  gpr_unref_import = (gpr_unref_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_unref");
-  gpr_stats_init_import = (gpr_stats_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_stats_init");
-  gpr_stats_inc_import = (gpr_stats_inc_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_stats_inc");
-  gpr_stats_read_import = (gpr_stats_read_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_stats_read");
-  gpr_time_0_import = (gpr_time_0_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_0");
-  gpr_inf_future_import = (gpr_inf_future_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_inf_future");
-  gpr_inf_past_import = (gpr_inf_past_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_inf_past");
-  gpr_time_init_import = (gpr_time_init_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_init");
-  gpr_now_import = (gpr_now_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_now");
-  gpr_convert_clock_type_import = (gpr_convert_clock_type_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_convert_clock_type");
-  gpr_time_cmp_import = (gpr_time_cmp_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_cmp");
-  gpr_time_max_import = (gpr_time_max_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_max");
-  gpr_time_min_import = (gpr_time_min_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_min");
-  gpr_time_add_import = (gpr_time_add_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_add");
-  gpr_time_sub_import = (gpr_time_sub_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_sub");
-  gpr_time_from_micros_import = (gpr_time_from_micros_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_from_micros");
-  gpr_time_from_nanos_import = (gpr_time_from_nanos_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_from_nanos");
-  gpr_time_from_millis_import = (gpr_time_from_millis_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_from_millis");
-  gpr_time_from_seconds_import = (gpr_time_from_seconds_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_from_seconds");
-  gpr_time_from_minutes_import = (gpr_time_from_minutes_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_from_minutes");
-  gpr_time_from_hours_import = (gpr_time_from_hours_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_from_hours");
-  gpr_time_to_millis_import = (gpr_time_to_millis_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_to_millis");
-  gpr_time_similar_import = (gpr_time_similar_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_time_similar");
-  gpr_sleep_until_import = (gpr_sleep_until_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_sleep_until");
-  gpr_timespec_to_micros_import = (gpr_timespec_to_micros_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_timespec_to_micros");
-  gpr_avl_create_import = (gpr_avl_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_avl_create");
-  gpr_avl_ref_import = (gpr_avl_ref_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_avl_ref");
-  gpr_avl_unref_import = (gpr_avl_unref_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_avl_unref");
-  gpr_avl_add_import = (gpr_avl_add_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_avl_add");
-  gpr_avl_remove_import = (gpr_avl_remove_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_avl_remove");
-  gpr_avl_get_import = (gpr_avl_get_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_avl_get");
-  gpr_cmdline_create_import = (gpr_cmdline_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cmdline_create");
-  gpr_cmdline_add_int_import = (gpr_cmdline_add_int_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cmdline_add_int");
-  gpr_cmdline_add_flag_import = (gpr_cmdline_add_flag_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cmdline_add_flag");
-  gpr_cmdline_add_string_import = (gpr_cmdline_add_string_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cmdline_add_string");
-  gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg_import = (gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg");
-  gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure_import = (gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure");
-  gpr_cmdline_parse_import = (gpr_cmdline_parse_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cmdline_parse");
-  gpr_cmdline_destroy_import = (gpr_cmdline_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cmdline_destroy");
-  gpr_cmdline_usage_string_import = (gpr_cmdline_usage_string_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cmdline_usage_string");
-  gpr_cpu_num_cores_import = (gpr_cpu_num_cores_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cpu_num_cores");
-  gpr_cpu_current_cpu_import = (gpr_cpu_current_cpu_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_cpu_current_cpu");
-  gpr_histogram_create_import = (gpr_histogram_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_create");
-  gpr_histogram_destroy_import = (gpr_histogram_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_destroy");
-  gpr_histogram_add_import = (gpr_histogram_add_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_add");
-  gpr_histogram_merge_import = (gpr_histogram_merge_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_merge");
-  gpr_histogram_percentile_import = (gpr_histogram_percentile_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_percentile");
-  gpr_histogram_mean_import = (gpr_histogram_mean_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_mean");
-  gpr_histogram_stddev_import = (gpr_histogram_stddev_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_stddev");
-  gpr_histogram_variance_import = (gpr_histogram_variance_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_variance");
-  gpr_histogram_maximum_import = (gpr_histogram_maximum_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_maximum");
-  gpr_histogram_minimum_import = (gpr_histogram_minimum_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_minimum");
-  gpr_histogram_count_import = (gpr_histogram_count_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_count");
-  gpr_histogram_sum_import = (gpr_histogram_sum_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_sum");
-  gpr_histogram_sum_of_squares_import = (gpr_histogram_sum_of_squares_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_sum_of_squares");
-  gpr_histogram_get_contents_import = (gpr_histogram_get_contents_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_get_contents");
-  gpr_histogram_merge_contents_import = (gpr_histogram_merge_contents_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_histogram_merge_contents");
-  gpr_join_host_port_import = (gpr_join_host_port_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_join_host_port");
-  gpr_split_host_port_import = (gpr_split_host_port_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_split_host_port");
-  gpr_format_message_import = (gpr_format_message_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_format_message");
-  gpr_strdup_import = (gpr_strdup_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_strdup");
-  gpr_asprintf_import = (gpr_asprintf_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_asprintf");
-  gpr_subprocess_binary_extension_import = (gpr_subprocess_binary_extension_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_subprocess_binary_extension");
-  gpr_subprocess_create_import = (gpr_subprocess_create_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_subprocess_create");
-  gpr_subprocess_destroy_import = (gpr_subprocess_destroy_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_subprocess_destroy");
-  gpr_subprocess_join_import = (gpr_subprocess_join_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_subprocess_join");
-  gpr_subprocess_interrupt_import = (gpr_subprocess_interrupt_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_subprocess_interrupt");
-  gpr_thd_new_import = (gpr_thd_new_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_thd_new");
-  gpr_thd_options_default_import = (gpr_thd_options_default_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_thd_options_default");
-  gpr_thd_options_set_detached_import = (gpr_thd_options_set_detached_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_thd_options_set_detached");
-  gpr_thd_options_set_joinable_import = (gpr_thd_options_set_joinable_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_thd_options_set_joinable");
-  gpr_thd_options_is_detached_import = (gpr_thd_options_is_detached_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_thd_options_is_detached");
-  gpr_thd_options_is_joinable_import = (gpr_thd_options_is_joinable_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_thd_options_is_joinable");
-  gpr_thd_currentid_import = (gpr_thd_currentid_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_thd_currentid");
-  gpr_thd_join_import = (gpr_thd_join_type) GetProcAddress(library, "gpr_thd_join");
-}
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif  /* __cpluslus */
-
-#endif /* !GPR_WINDOWS */
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/imports.generated.h b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/imports.generated.h
index 5e100796cd..8e5c9a8ce2 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/imports.generated.h
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/imports.generated.h
@@ -31,829 +31,12 @@
  *
  */
 
+/* TODO(atash) remove cruft */
 #ifndef PYGRPC_CYTHON_WINDOWS_IMPORTS_H_
 #define PYGRPC_CYTHON_WINDOWS_IMPORTS_H_
 
 #include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
 
-#ifdef GPR_WINDOWS
-
-#include <windows.h>
-
-#include <grpc/census.h>
-#include <grpc/compression.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc.h>
-#include <grpc/grpc_security.h>
-#include <grpc/impl/codegen/alloc.h>
-#include <grpc/impl/codegen/byte_buffer.h>
-#include <grpc/impl/codegen/log.h>
-#include <grpc/impl/codegen/slice.h>
-#include <grpc/impl/codegen/slice_buffer.h>
-#include <grpc/impl/codegen/sync.h>
-#include <grpc/impl/codegen/time.h>
-#include <grpc/support/avl.h>
-#include <grpc/support/cmdline.h>
-#include <grpc/support/cpu.h>
-#include <grpc/support/histogram.h>
-#include <grpc/support/host_port.h>
-#include <grpc/support/log_windows.h>
-#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
-#include <grpc/support/subprocess.h>
-#include <grpc/support/thd.h>
-
-typedef int(*census_initialize_type)(int features);
-extern census_initialize_type census_initialize_import;
-#define census_initialize census_initialize_import
-typedef void(*census_shutdown_type)(void);
-extern census_shutdown_type census_shutdown_import;
-#define census_shutdown census_shutdown_import
-typedef int(*census_supported_type)(void);
-extern census_supported_type census_supported_import;
-#define census_supported census_supported_import
-typedef int(*census_enabled_type)(void);
-extern census_enabled_type census_enabled_import;
-#define census_enabled census_enabled_import
-typedef census_context *(*census_context_create_type)(const census_context *base, const census_tag *tags, int ntags, census_context_status const **status);
-extern census_context_create_type census_context_create_import;
-#define census_context_create census_context_create_import
-typedef void(*census_context_destroy_type)(census_context *context);
-extern census_context_destroy_type census_context_destroy_import;
-#define census_context_destroy census_context_destroy_import
-typedef const census_context_status *(*census_context_get_status_type)(const census_context *context);
-extern census_context_get_status_type census_context_get_status_import;
-#define census_context_get_status census_context_get_status_import
-typedef void(*census_context_initialize_iterator_type)(const census_context *context, census_context_iterator *iterator);
-extern census_context_initialize_iterator_type census_context_initialize_iterator_import;
-#define census_context_initialize_iterator census_context_initialize_iterator_import
-typedef int(*census_context_next_tag_type)(census_context_iterator *iterator, census_tag *tag);
-extern census_context_next_tag_type census_context_next_tag_import;
-#define census_context_next_tag census_context_next_tag_import
-typedef int(*census_context_get_tag_type)(const census_context *context, const char *key, census_tag *tag);
-extern census_context_get_tag_type census_context_get_tag_import;
-#define census_context_get_tag census_context_get_tag_import
-typedef size_t(*census_context_encode_type)(const census_context *context, char *buffer, size_t buf_size);
-extern census_context_encode_type census_context_encode_import;
-#define census_context_encode census_context_encode_import
-typedef census_context *(*census_context_decode_type)(const char *buffer, size_t size);
-extern census_context_decode_type census_context_decode_import;
-#define census_context_decode census_context_decode_import
-typedef int(*census_trace_mask_type)(const census_context *context);
-extern census_trace_mask_type census_trace_mask_import;
-#define census_trace_mask census_trace_mask_import
-typedef void(*census_set_trace_mask_type)(int trace_mask);
-extern census_set_trace_mask_type census_set_trace_mask_import;
-#define census_set_trace_mask census_set_trace_mask_import
-typedef census_timestamp(*census_start_rpc_op_timestamp_type)(void);
-extern census_start_rpc_op_timestamp_type census_start_rpc_op_timestamp_import;
-#define census_start_rpc_op_timestamp census_start_rpc_op_timestamp_import
-typedef census_context *(*census_start_client_rpc_op_type)(const census_context *context, int64_t rpc_name_id, const census_rpc_name_info *rpc_name_info, const char *peer, int trace_mask, const census_timestamp *start_time);
-extern census_start_client_rpc_op_type census_start_client_rpc_op_import;
-#define census_start_client_rpc_op census_start_client_rpc_op_import
-typedef void(*census_set_rpc_client_peer_type)(census_context *context, const char *peer);
-extern census_set_rpc_client_peer_type census_set_rpc_client_peer_import;
-#define census_set_rpc_client_peer census_set_rpc_client_peer_import
-typedef census_context *(*census_start_server_rpc_op_type)(const char *buffer, int64_t rpc_name_id, const census_rpc_name_info *rpc_name_info, const char *peer, int trace_mask, census_timestamp *start_time);
-extern census_start_server_rpc_op_type census_start_server_rpc_op_import;
-#define census_start_server_rpc_op census_start_server_rpc_op_import
-typedef census_context *(*census_start_op_type)(census_context *context, const char *family, const char *name, int trace_mask);
-extern census_start_op_type census_start_op_import;
-#define census_start_op census_start_op_import
-typedef void(*census_end_op_type)(census_context *context, int status);
-extern census_end_op_type census_end_op_import;
-#define census_end_op census_end_op_import
-typedef void(*census_trace_print_type)(census_context *context, uint32_t type, const char *buffer, size_t n);
-extern census_trace_print_type census_trace_print_import;
-#define census_trace_print census_trace_print_import
-typedef int(*census_trace_scan_start_type)(int consume);
-extern census_trace_scan_start_type census_trace_scan_start_import;
-#define census_trace_scan_start census_trace_scan_start_import
-typedef int(*census_get_trace_record_type)(census_trace_record *trace_record);
-extern census_get_trace_record_type census_get_trace_record_import;
-#define census_get_trace_record census_get_trace_record_import
-typedef void(*census_trace_scan_end_type)();
-extern census_trace_scan_end_type census_trace_scan_end_import;
-#define census_trace_scan_end census_trace_scan_end_import
-typedef int32_t(*census_define_resource_type)(const uint8_t *resource_pb, size_t resource_pb_size);
-extern census_define_resource_type census_define_resource_import;
-#define census_define_resource census_define_resource_import
-typedef void(*census_delete_resource_type)(int32_t resource_id);
-extern census_delete_resource_type census_delete_resource_import;
-#define census_delete_resource census_delete_resource_import
-typedef int32_t(*census_resource_id_type)(const char *name);
-extern census_resource_id_type census_resource_id_import;
-#define census_resource_id census_resource_id_import
-typedef void(*census_record_values_type)(census_context *context, census_value *values, size_t nvalues);
-extern census_record_values_type census_record_values_import;
-#define census_record_values census_record_values_import
-typedef int(*grpc_compression_algorithm_parse_type)(const char *name, size_t name_length, grpc_compression_algorithm *algorithm);
-extern grpc_compression_algorithm_parse_type grpc_compression_algorithm_parse_import;
-#define grpc_compression_algorithm_parse grpc_compression_algorithm_parse_import
-typedef int(*grpc_compression_algorithm_name_type)(grpc_compression_algorithm algorithm, char **name);
-extern grpc_compression_algorithm_name_type grpc_compression_algorithm_name_import;
-#define grpc_compression_algorithm_name grpc_compression_algorithm_name_import
-typedef grpc_compression_algorithm(*grpc_compression_algorithm_for_level_type)(grpc_compression_level level, uint32_t accepted_encodings);
-extern grpc_compression_algorithm_for_level_type grpc_compression_algorithm_for_level_import;
-#define grpc_compression_algorithm_for_level grpc_compression_algorithm_for_level_import
-typedef void(*grpc_compression_options_init_type)(grpc_compression_options *opts);
-extern grpc_compression_options_init_type grpc_compression_options_init_import;
-#define grpc_compression_options_init grpc_compression_options_init_import
-typedef void(*grpc_compression_options_enable_algorithm_type)(grpc_compression_options *opts, grpc_compression_algorithm algorithm);
-extern grpc_compression_options_enable_algorithm_type grpc_compression_options_enable_algorithm_import;
-#define grpc_compression_options_enable_algorithm grpc_compression_options_enable_algorithm_import
-typedef void(*grpc_compression_options_disable_algorithm_type)(grpc_compression_options *opts, grpc_compression_algorithm algorithm);
-extern grpc_compression_options_disable_algorithm_type grpc_compression_options_disable_algorithm_import;
-#define grpc_compression_options_disable_algorithm grpc_compression_options_disable_algorithm_import
-typedef int(*grpc_compression_options_is_algorithm_enabled_type)(const grpc_compression_options *opts, grpc_compression_algorithm algorithm);
-extern grpc_compression_options_is_algorithm_enabled_type grpc_compression_options_is_algorithm_enabled_import;
-#define grpc_compression_options_is_algorithm_enabled grpc_compression_options_is_algorithm_enabled_import
-typedef void(*grpc_metadata_array_init_type)(grpc_metadata_array *array);
-extern grpc_metadata_array_init_type grpc_metadata_array_init_import;
-#define grpc_metadata_array_init grpc_metadata_array_init_import
-typedef void(*grpc_metadata_array_destroy_type)(grpc_metadata_array *array);
-extern grpc_metadata_array_destroy_type grpc_metadata_array_destroy_import;
-#define grpc_metadata_array_destroy grpc_metadata_array_destroy_import
-typedef void(*grpc_call_details_init_type)(grpc_call_details *details);
-extern grpc_call_details_init_type grpc_call_details_init_import;
-#define grpc_call_details_init grpc_call_details_init_import
-typedef void(*grpc_call_details_destroy_type)(grpc_call_details *details);
-extern grpc_call_details_destroy_type grpc_call_details_destroy_import;
-#define grpc_call_details_destroy grpc_call_details_destroy_import
-typedef void(*grpc_register_plugin_type)(void (*init)(void), void (*destroy)(void));
-extern grpc_register_plugin_type grpc_register_plugin_import;
-#define grpc_register_plugin grpc_register_plugin_import
-typedef void(*grpc_init_type)(void);
-extern grpc_init_type grpc_init_import;
-#define grpc_init grpc_init_import
-typedef void(*grpc_shutdown_type)(void);
-extern grpc_shutdown_type grpc_shutdown_import;
-#define grpc_shutdown grpc_shutdown_import
-typedef const char *(*grpc_version_string_type)(void);
-extern grpc_version_string_type grpc_version_string_import;
-#define grpc_version_string grpc_version_string_import
-typedef grpc_completion_queue *(*grpc_completion_queue_create_type)(void *reserved);
-extern grpc_completion_queue_create_type grpc_completion_queue_create_import;
-#define grpc_completion_queue_create grpc_completion_queue_create_import
-typedef grpc_event(*grpc_completion_queue_next_type)(grpc_completion_queue *cq, gpr_timespec deadline, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_completion_queue_next_type grpc_completion_queue_next_import;
-#define grpc_completion_queue_next grpc_completion_queue_next_import
-typedef grpc_event(*grpc_completion_queue_pluck_type)(grpc_completion_queue *cq, void *tag, gpr_timespec deadline, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_completion_queue_pluck_type grpc_completion_queue_pluck_import;
-#define grpc_completion_queue_pluck grpc_completion_queue_pluck_import
-typedef void(*grpc_completion_queue_shutdown_type)(grpc_completion_queue *cq);
-extern grpc_completion_queue_shutdown_type grpc_completion_queue_shutdown_import;
-#define grpc_completion_queue_shutdown grpc_completion_queue_shutdown_import
-typedef void(*grpc_completion_queue_destroy_type)(grpc_completion_queue *cq);
-extern grpc_completion_queue_destroy_type grpc_completion_queue_destroy_import;
-#define grpc_completion_queue_destroy grpc_completion_queue_destroy_import
-typedef grpc_alarm *(*grpc_alarm_create_type)(grpc_completion_queue *cq, gpr_timespec deadline, void *tag);
-extern grpc_alarm_create_type grpc_alarm_create_import;
-#define grpc_alarm_create grpc_alarm_create_import
-typedef void(*grpc_alarm_cancel_type)(grpc_alarm *alarm);
-extern grpc_alarm_cancel_type grpc_alarm_cancel_import;
-#define grpc_alarm_cancel grpc_alarm_cancel_import
-typedef void(*grpc_alarm_destroy_type)(grpc_alarm *alarm);
-extern grpc_alarm_destroy_type grpc_alarm_destroy_import;
-#define grpc_alarm_destroy grpc_alarm_destroy_import
-typedef grpc_connectivity_state(*grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state_type)(grpc_channel *channel, int try_to_connect);
-extern grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state_type grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state_import;
-#define grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state grpc_channel_check_connectivity_state_import
-typedef void(*grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state_type)(grpc_channel *channel, grpc_connectivity_state last_observed_state, gpr_timespec deadline, grpc_completion_queue *cq, void *tag);
-extern grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state_type grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state_import;
-#define grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state grpc_channel_watch_connectivity_state_import
-typedef grpc_call *(*grpc_channel_create_call_type)(grpc_channel *channel, grpc_call *parent_call, uint32_t propagation_mask, grpc_completion_queue *completion_queue, const char *method, const char *host, gpr_timespec deadline, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_channel_create_call_type grpc_channel_create_call_import;
-#define grpc_channel_create_call grpc_channel_create_call_import
-typedef void(*grpc_channel_ping_type)(grpc_channel *channel, grpc_completion_queue *cq, void *tag, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_channel_ping_type grpc_channel_ping_import;
-#define grpc_channel_ping grpc_channel_ping_import
-typedef void *(*grpc_channel_register_call_type)(grpc_channel *channel, const char *method, const char *host, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_channel_register_call_type grpc_channel_register_call_import;
-#define grpc_channel_register_call grpc_channel_register_call_import
-typedef grpc_call *(*grpc_channel_create_registered_call_type)(grpc_channel *channel, grpc_call *parent_call, uint32_t propagation_mask, grpc_completion_queue *completion_queue, void *registered_call_handle, gpr_timespec deadline, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_channel_create_registered_call_type grpc_channel_create_registered_call_import;
-#define grpc_channel_create_registered_call grpc_channel_create_registered_call_import
-typedef grpc_call_error(*grpc_call_start_batch_type)(grpc_call *call, const grpc_op *ops, size_t nops, void *tag, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_call_start_batch_type grpc_call_start_batch_import;
-#define grpc_call_start_batch grpc_call_start_batch_import
-typedef char *(*grpc_call_get_peer_type)(grpc_call *call);
-extern grpc_call_get_peer_type grpc_call_get_peer_import;
-#define grpc_call_get_peer grpc_call_get_peer_import
-typedef void(*grpc_census_call_set_context_type)(grpc_call *call, struct census_context *context);
-extern grpc_census_call_set_context_type grpc_census_call_set_context_import;
-#define grpc_census_call_set_context grpc_census_call_set_context_import
-typedef struct census_context *(*grpc_census_call_get_context_type)(grpc_call *call);
-extern grpc_census_call_get_context_type grpc_census_call_get_context_import;
-#define grpc_census_call_get_context grpc_census_call_get_context_import
-typedef char *(*grpc_channel_get_target_type)(grpc_channel *channel);
-extern grpc_channel_get_target_type grpc_channel_get_target_import;
-#define grpc_channel_get_target grpc_channel_get_target_import
-typedef grpc_channel *(*grpc_insecure_channel_create_type)(const char *target, const grpc_channel_args *args, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_insecure_channel_create_type grpc_insecure_channel_create_import;
-#define grpc_insecure_channel_create grpc_insecure_channel_create_import
-typedef grpc_channel *(*grpc_lame_client_channel_create_type)(const char *target, grpc_status_code error_code, const char *error_message);
-extern grpc_lame_client_channel_create_type grpc_lame_client_channel_create_import;
-#define grpc_lame_client_channel_create grpc_lame_client_channel_create_import
-typedef void(*grpc_channel_destroy_type)(grpc_channel *channel);
-extern grpc_channel_destroy_type grpc_channel_destroy_import;
-#define grpc_channel_destroy grpc_channel_destroy_import
-typedef grpc_call_error(*grpc_call_cancel_type)(grpc_call *call, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_call_cancel_type grpc_call_cancel_import;
-#define grpc_call_cancel grpc_call_cancel_import
-typedef grpc_call_error(*grpc_call_cancel_with_status_type)(grpc_call *call, grpc_status_code status, const char *description, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_call_cancel_with_status_type grpc_call_cancel_with_status_import;
-#define grpc_call_cancel_with_status grpc_call_cancel_with_status_import
-typedef void(*grpc_call_destroy_type)(grpc_call *call);
-extern grpc_call_destroy_type grpc_call_destroy_import;
-#define grpc_call_destroy grpc_call_destroy_import
-typedef grpc_call_error(*grpc_server_request_call_type)(grpc_server *server, grpc_call **call, grpc_call_details *details, grpc_metadata_array *request_metadata, grpc_completion_queue *cq_bound_to_call, grpc_completion_queue *cq_for_notification, void *tag_new);
-extern grpc_server_request_call_type grpc_server_request_call_import;
-#define grpc_server_request_call grpc_server_request_call_import
-typedef void *(*grpc_server_register_method_type)(grpc_server *server, const char *method, const char *host, grpc_server_register_method_payload_handling payload_handling, uint32_t flags);
-extern grpc_server_register_method_type grpc_server_register_method_import;
-#define grpc_server_register_method grpc_server_register_method_import
-typedef grpc_call_error(*grpc_server_request_registered_call_type)(grpc_server *server, void *registered_method, grpc_call **call, gpr_timespec *deadline, grpc_metadata_array *request_metadata, grpc_byte_buffer **optional_payload, grpc_completion_queue *cq_bound_to_call, grpc_completion_queue *cq_for_notification, void *tag_new);
-extern grpc_server_request_registered_call_type grpc_server_request_registered_call_import;
-#define grpc_server_request_registered_call grpc_server_request_registered_call_import
-typedef grpc_server *(*grpc_server_create_type)(const grpc_channel_args *args, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_server_create_type grpc_server_create_import;
-#define grpc_server_create grpc_server_create_import
-typedef void(*grpc_server_register_completion_queue_type)(grpc_server *server, grpc_completion_queue *cq, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_server_register_completion_queue_type grpc_server_register_completion_queue_import;
-#define grpc_server_register_completion_queue grpc_server_register_completion_queue_import
-typedef void(*grpc_server_register_non_listening_completion_queue_type)(grpc_server *server, grpc_completion_queue *q, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_server_register_non_listening_completion_queue_type grpc_server_register_non_listening_completion_queue_import;
-#define grpc_server_register_non_listening_completion_queue grpc_server_register_non_listening_completion_queue_import
-typedef int(*grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port_type)(grpc_server *server, const char *addr);
-extern grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port_type grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port_import;
-#define grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port grpc_server_add_insecure_http2_port_import
-typedef void(*grpc_server_start_type)(grpc_server *server);
-extern grpc_server_start_type grpc_server_start_import;
-#define grpc_server_start grpc_server_start_import
-typedef void(*grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify_type)(grpc_server *server, grpc_completion_queue *cq, void *tag);
-extern grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify_type grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify_import;
-#define grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify grpc_server_shutdown_and_notify_import
-typedef void(*grpc_server_cancel_all_calls_type)(grpc_server *server);
-extern grpc_server_cancel_all_calls_type grpc_server_cancel_all_calls_import;
-#define grpc_server_cancel_all_calls grpc_server_cancel_all_calls_import
-typedef void(*grpc_server_destroy_type)(grpc_server *server);
-extern grpc_server_destroy_type grpc_server_destroy_import;
-#define grpc_server_destroy grpc_server_destroy_import
-typedef int(*grpc_tracer_set_enabled_type)(const char *name, int enabled);
-extern grpc_tracer_set_enabled_type grpc_tracer_set_enabled_import;
-#define grpc_tracer_set_enabled grpc_tracer_set_enabled_import
-typedef int(*grpc_header_key_is_legal_type)(const char *key, size_t length);
-extern grpc_header_key_is_legal_type grpc_header_key_is_legal_import;
-#define grpc_header_key_is_legal grpc_header_key_is_legal_import
-typedef int(*grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal_type)(const char *value, size_t length);
-extern grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal_type grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal_import;
-#define grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal grpc_header_nonbin_value_is_legal_import
-typedef int(*grpc_is_binary_header_type)(const char *key, size_t length);
-extern grpc_is_binary_header_type grpc_is_binary_header_import;
-#define grpc_is_binary_header grpc_is_binary_header_import
-typedef const char *(*grpc_call_error_to_string_type)(grpc_call_error error);
-extern grpc_call_error_to_string_type grpc_call_error_to_string_import;
-#define grpc_call_error_to_string grpc_call_error_to_string_import
-typedef const grpc_auth_property *(*grpc_auth_property_iterator_next_type)(grpc_auth_property_iterator *it);
-extern grpc_auth_property_iterator_next_type grpc_auth_property_iterator_next_import;
-#define grpc_auth_property_iterator_next grpc_auth_property_iterator_next_import
-typedef grpc_auth_property_iterator(*grpc_auth_context_property_iterator_type)(const grpc_auth_context *ctx);
-extern grpc_auth_context_property_iterator_type grpc_auth_context_property_iterator_import;
-#define grpc_auth_context_property_iterator grpc_auth_context_property_iterator_import
-typedef grpc_auth_property_iterator(*grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_type)(const grpc_auth_context *ctx);
-extern grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_type grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_import;
-#define grpc_auth_context_peer_identity grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_import
-typedef grpc_auth_property_iterator(*grpc_auth_context_find_properties_by_name_type)(const grpc_auth_context *ctx, const char *name);
-extern grpc_auth_context_find_properties_by_name_type grpc_auth_context_find_properties_by_name_import;
-#define grpc_auth_context_find_properties_by_name grpc_auth_context_find_properties_by_name_import
-typedef const char *(*grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name_type)(const grpc_auth_context *ctx);
-extern grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name_type grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name_import;
-#define grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name grpc_auth_context_peer_identity_property_name_import
-typedef int(*grpc_auth_context_peer_is_authenticated_type)(const grpc_auth_context *ctx);
-extern grpc_auth_context_peer_is_authenticated_type grpc_auth_context_peer_is_authenticated_import;
-#define grpc_auth_context_peer_is_authenticated grpc_auth_context_peer_is_authenticated_import
-typedef grpc_auth_context *(*grpc_call_auth_context_type)(grpc_call *call);
-extern grpc_call_auth_context_type grpc_call_auth_context_import;
-#define grpc_call_auth_context grpc_call_auth_context_import
-typedef void(*grpc_auth_context_release_type)(grpc_auth_context *context);
-extern grpc_auth_context_release_type grpc_auth_context_release_import;
-#define grpc_auth_context_release grpc_auth_context_release_import
-typedef void(*grpc_auth_context_add_property_type)(grpc_auth_context *ctx, const char *name, const char *value, size_t value_length);
-extern grpc_auth_context_add_property_type grpc_auth_context_add_property_import;
-#define grpc_auth_context_add_property grpc_auth_context_add_property_import
-typedef void(*grpc_auth_context_add_cstring_property_type)(grpc_auth_context *ctx, const char *name, const char *value);
-extern grpc_auth_context_add_cstring_property_type grpc_auth_context_add_cstring_property_import;
-#define grpc_auth_context_add_cstring_property grpc_auth_context_add_cstring_property_import
-typedef int(*grpc_auth_context_set_peer_identity_property_name_type)(grpc_auth_context *ctx, const char *name);
-extern grpc_auth_context_set_peer_identity_property_name_type grpc_auth_context_set_peer_identity_property_name_import;
-#define grpc_auth_context_set_peer_identity_property_name grpc_auth_context_set_peer_identity_property_name_import
-typedef void(*grpc_channel_credentials_release_type)(grpc_channel_credentials *creds);
-extern grpc_channel_credentials_release_type grpc_channel_credentials_release_import;
-#define grpc_channel_credentials_release grpc_channel_credentials_release_import
-typedef grpc_channel_credentials *(*grpc_google_default_credentials_create_type)(void);
-extern grpc_google_default_credentials_create_type grpc_google_default_credentials_create_import;
-#define grpc_google_default_credentials_create grpc_google_default_credentials_create_import
-typedef void(*grpc_set_ssl_roots_override_callback_type)(grpc_ssl_roots_override_callback cb);
-extern grpc_set_ssl_roots_override_callback_type grpc_set_ssl_roots_override_callback_import;
-#define grpc_set_ssl_roots_override_callback grpc_set_ssl_roots_override_callback_import
-typedef grpc_channel_credentials *(*grpc_ssl_credentials_create_type)(const char *pem_root_certs, grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair *pem_key_cert_pair, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_ssl_credentials_create_type grpc_ssl_credentials_create_import;
-#define grpc_ssl_credentials_create grpc_ssl_credentials_create_import
-typedef void(*grpc_call_credentials_release_type)(grpc_call_credentials *creds);
-extern grpc_call_credentials_release_type grpc_call_credentials_release_import;
-#define grpc_call_credentials_release grpc_call_credentials_release_import
-typedef grpc_channel_credentials *(*grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create_type)(grpc_channel_credentials *channel_creds, grpc_call_credentials *call_creds, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create_type grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create_import;
-#define grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create grpc_composite_channel_credentials_create_import
-typedef grpc_call_credentials *(*grpc_composite_call_credentials_create_type)(grpc_call_credentials *creds1, grpc_call_credentials *creds2, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_composite_call_credentials_create_type grpc_composite_call_credentials_create_import;
-#define grpc_composite_call_credentials_create grpc_composite_call_credentials_create_import
-typedef grpc_call_credentials *(*grpc_google_compute_engine_credentials_create_type)(void *reserved);
-extern grpc_google_compute_engine_credentials_create_type grpc_google_compute_engine_credentials_create_import;
-#define grpc_google_compute_engine_credentials_create grpc_google_compute_engine_credentials_create_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*grpc_max_auth_token_lifetime_type)();
-extern grpc_max_auth_token_lifetime_type grpc_max_auth_token_lifetime_import;
-#define grpc_max_auth_token_lifetime grpc_max_auth_token_lifetime_import
-typedef grpc_call_credentials *(*grpc_service_account_jwt_access_credentials_create_type)(const char *json_key, gpr_timespec token_lifetime, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_service_account_jwt_access_credentials_create_type grpc_service_account_jwt_access_credentials_create_import;
-#define grpc_service_account_jwt_access_credentials_create grpc_service_account_jwt_access_credentials_create_import
-typedef grpc_call_credentials *(*grpc_google_refresh_token_credentials_create_type)(const char *json_refresh_token, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_google_refresh_token_credentials_create_type grpc_google_refresh_token_credentials_create_import;
-#define grpc_google_refresh_token_credentials_create grpc_google_refresh_token_credentials_create_import
-typedef grpc_call_credentials *(*grpc_access_token_credentials_create_type)(const char *access_token, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_access_token_credentials_create_type grpc_access_token_credentials_create_import;
-#define grpc_access_token_credentials_create grpc_access_token_credentials_create_import
-typedef grpc_call_credentials *(*grpc_google_iam_credentials_create_type)(const char *authorization_token, const char *authority_selector, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_google_iam_credentials_create_type grpc_google_iam_credentials_create_import;
-#define grpc_google_iam_credentials_create grpc_google_iam_credentials_create_import
-typedef grpc_call_credentials *(*grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin_type)(grpc_metadata_credentials_plugin plugin, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin_type grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin_import;
-#define grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin grpc_metadata_credentials_create_from_plugin_import
-typedef grpc_channel *(*grpc_secure_channel_create_type)(grpc_channel_credentials *creds, const char *target, const grpc_channel_args *args, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_secure_channel_create_type grpc_secure_channel_create_import;
-#define grpc_secure_channel_create grpc_secure_channel_create_import
-typedef void(*grpc_server_credentials_release_type)(grpc_server_credentials *creds);
-extern grpc_server_credentials_release_type grpc_server_credentials_release_import;
-#define grpc_server_credentials_release grpc_server_credentials_release_import
-typedef grpc_server_credentials *(*grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_type)(const char *pem_root_certs, grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair *pem_key_cert_pairs, size_t num_key_cert_pairs, int force_client_auth, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_type grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_import;
-#define grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_import
-typedef grpc_server_credentials *(*grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_ex_type)(const char *pem_root_certs, grpc_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair *pem_key_cert_pairs, size_t num_key_cert_pairs, grpc_ssl_client_certificate_request_type client_certificate_request, void *reserved);
-extern grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_ex_type grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_ex_import;
-#define grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_ex grpc_ssl_server_credentials_create_ex_import
-typedef int(*grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port_type)(grpc_server *server, const char *addr, grpc_server_credentials *creds);
-extern grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port_type grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port_import;
-#define grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port grpc_server_add_secure_http2_port_import
-typedef grpc_call_error(*grpc_call_set_credentials_type)(grpc_call *call, grpc_call_credentials *creds);
-extern grpc_call_set_credentials_type grpc_call_set_credentials_import;
-#define grpc_call_set_credentials grpc_call_set_credentials_import
-typedef void(*grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_type)(grpc_server_credentials *creds, grpc_auth_metadata_processor processor);
-extern grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_type grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_import;
-#define grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor grpc_server_credentials_set_auth_metadata_processor_import
-typedef void *(*gpr_malloc_type)(size_t size);
-extern gpr_malloc_type gpr_malloc_import;
-#define gpr_malloc gpr_malloc_import
-typedef void(*gpr_free_type)(void *ptr);
-extern gpr_free_type gpr_free_import;
-#define gpr_free gpr_free_import
-typedef void *(*gpr_realloc_type)(void *p, size_t size);
-extern gpr_realloc_type gpr_realloc_import;
-#define gpr_realloc gpr_realloc_import
-typedef void *(*gpr_malloc_aligned_type)(size_t size, size_t alignment_log);
-extern gpr_malloc_aligned_type gpr_malloc_aligned_import;
-#define gpr_malloc_aligned gpr_malloc_aligned_import
-typedef void(*gpr_free_aligned_type)(void *ptr);
-extern gpr_free_aligned_type gpr_free_aligned_import;
-#define gpr_free_aligned gpr_free_aligned_import
-typedef void(*gpr_set_allocation_functions_type)(gpr_allocation_functions functions);
-extern gpr_set_allocation_functions_type gpr_set_allocation_functions_import;
-#define gpr_set_allocation_functions gpr_set_allocation_functions_import
-typedef gpr_allocation_functions(*gpr_get_allocation_functions_type)();
-extern gpr_get_allocation_functions_type gpr_get_allocation_functions_import;
-#define gpr_get_allocation_functions gpr_get_allocation_functions_import
-typedef grpc_byte_buffer *(*grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_type)(gpr_slice *slices, size_t nslices);
-extern grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_type grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_import;
-#define grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create_import
-typedef grpc_byte_buffer *(*grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_type)(gpr_slice *slices, size_t nslices, grpc_compression_algorithm compression);
-extern grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_type grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_import;
-#define grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create grpc_raw_compressed_byte_buffer_create_import
-typedef grpc_byte_buffer *(*grpc_byte_buffer_copy_type)(grpc_byte_buffer *bb);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_copy_type grpc_byte_buffer_copy_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_copy grpc_byte_buffer_copy_import
-typedef size_t(*grpc_byte_buffer_length_type)(grpc_byte_buffer *bb);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_length_type grpc_byte_buffer_length_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_length grpc_byte_buffer_length_import
-typedef void(*grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_type)(grpc_byte_buffer *byte_buffer);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_type grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_destroy grpc_byte_buffer_destroy_import
-typedef void(*grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader, grpc_byte_buffer *buffer);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init grpc_byte_buffer_reader_init_import
-typedef void(*grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy grpc_byte_buffer_reader_destroy_import
-typedef int(*grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader, gpr_slice *slice);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next grpc_byte_buffer_reader_next_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader);
-extern grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_type grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_import;
-#define grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall grpc_byte_buffer_reader_readall_import
-typedef grpc_byte_buffer *(*grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_type)(grpc_byte_buffer_reader *reader);
-extern grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_type grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_import;
-#define grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader grpc_raw_byte_buffer_from_reader_import
-typedef void(*gpr_log_type)(const char *file, int line, gpr_log_severity severity, const char *format, ...);
-extern gpr_log_type gpr_log_import;
-#define gpr_log gpr_log_import
-typedef void(*gpr_log_message_type)(const char *file, int line, gpr_log_severity severity, const char *message);
-extern gpr_log_message_type gpr_log_message_import;
-#define gpr_log_message gpr_log_message_import
-typedef void(*gpr_set_log_verbosity_type)(gpr_log_severity min_severity_to_print);
-extern gpr_set_log_verbosity_type gpr_set_log_verbosity_import;
-#define gpr_set_log_verbosity gpr_set_log_verbosity_import
-typedef void(*gpr_log_verbosity_init_type)();
-extern gpr_log_verbosity_init_type gpr_log_verbosity_init_import;
-#define gpr_log_verbosity_init gpr_log_verbosity_init_import
-typedef void(*gpr_set_log_function_type)(gpr_log_func func);
-extern gpr_set_log_function_type gpr_set_log_function_import;
-#define gpr_set_log_function gpr_set_log_function_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_slice_ref_type)(gpr_slice s);
-extern gpr_slice_ref_type gpr_slice_ref_import;
-#define gpr_slice_ref gpr_slice_ref_import
-typedef void(*gpr_slice_unref_type)(gpr_slice s);
-extern gpr_slice_unref_type gpr_slice_unref_import;
-#define gpr_slice_unref gpr_slice_unref_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_slice_new_type)(void *p, size_t len, void (*destroy)(void *));
-extern gpr_slice_new_type gpr_slice_new_import;
-#define gpr_slice_new gpr_slice_new_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_slice_new_with_len_type)(void *p, size_t len, void (*destroy)(void *, size_t));
-extern gpr_slice_new_with_len_type gpr_slice_new_with_len_import;
-#define gpr_slice_new_with_len gpr_slice_new_with_len_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_slice_malloc_type)(size_t length);
-extern gpr_slice_malloc_type gpr_slice_malloc_import;
-#define gpr_slice_malloc gpr_slice_malloc_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_slice_from_copied_string_type)(const char *source);
-extern gpr_slice_from_copied_string_type gpr_slice_from_copied_string_import;
-#define gpr_slice_from_copied_string gpr_slice_from_copied_string_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_slice_from_copied_buffer_type)(const char *source, size_t len);
-extern gpr_slice_from_copied_buffer_type gpr_slice_from_copied_buffer_import;
-#define gpr_slice_from_copied_buffer gpr_slice_from_copied_buffer_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_slice_from_static_string_type)(const char *source);
-extern gpr_slice_from_static_string_type gpr_slice_from_static_string_import;
-#define gpr_slice_from_static_string gpr_slice_from_static_string_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_slice_sub_type)(gpr_slice s, size_t begin, size_t end);
-extern gpr_slice_sub_type gpr_slice_sub_import;
-#define gpr_slice_sub gpr_slice_sub_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_slice_sub_no_ref_type)(gpr_slice s, size_t begin, size_t end);
-extern gpr_slice_sub_no_ref_type gpr_slice_sub_no_ref_import;
-#define gpr_slice_sub_no_ref gpr_slice_sub_no_ref_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_slice_split_tail_type)(gpr_slice *s, size_t split);
-extern gpr_slice_split_tail_type gpr_slice_split_tail_import;
-#define gpr_slice_split_tail gpr_slice_split_tail_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_slice_split_head_type)(gpr_slice *s, size_t split);
-extern gpr_slice_split_head_type gpr_slice_split_head_import;
-#define gpr_slice_split_head gpr_slice_split_head_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_empty_slice_type)(void);
-extern gpr_empty_slice_type gpr_empty_slice_import;
-#define gpr_empty_slice gpr_empty_slice_import
-typedef int(*gpr_slice_cmp_type)(gpr_slice a, gpr_slice b);
-extern gpr_slice_cmp_type gpr_slice_cmp_import;
-#define gpr_slice_cmp gpr_slice_cmp_import
-typedef int(*gpr_slice_str_cmp_type)(gpr_slice a, const char *b);
-extern gpr_slice_str_cmp_type gpr_slice_str_cmp_import;
-#define gpr_slice_str_cmp gpr_slice_str_cmp_import
-typedef void(*gpr_slice_buffer_init_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *sb);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_init_type gpr_slice_buffer_init_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_init gpr_slice_buffer_init_import
-typedef void(*gpr_slice_buffer_destroy_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *sb);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_destroy_type gpr_slice_buffer_destroy_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_destroy gpr_slice_buffer_destroy_import
-typedef void(*gpr_slice_buffer_add_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *sb, gpr_slice slice);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_add_type gpr_slice_buffer_add_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_add gpr_slice_buffer_add_import
-typedef size_t(*gpr_slice_buffer_add_indexed_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *sb, gpr_slice slice);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_add_indexed_type gpr_slice_buffer_add_indexed_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_add_indexed gpr_slice_buffer_add_indexed_import
-typedef void(*gpr_slice_buffer_addn_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *sb, gpr_slice *slices, size_t n);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_addn_type gpr_slice_buffer_addn_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_addn gpr_slice_buffer_addn_import
-typedef uint8_t *(*gpr_slice_buffer_tiny_add_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *sb, size_t len);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_tiny_add_type gpr_slice_buffer_tiny_add_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_tiny_add gpr_slice_buffer_tiny_add_import
-typedef void(*gpr_slice_buffer_pop_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *sb);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_pop_type gpr_slice_buffer_pop_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_pop gpr_slice_buffer_pop_import
-typedef void(*gpr_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *sb);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_type gpr_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref gpr_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_import
-typedef void(*gpr_slice_buffer_swap_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *a, gpr_slice_buffer *b);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_swap_type gpr_slice_buffer_swap_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_swap gpr_slice_buffer_swap_import
-typedef void(*gpr_slice_buffer_move_into_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *src, gpr_slice_buffer *dst);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_move_into_type gpr_slice_buffer_move_into_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_move_into gpr_slice_buffer_move_into_import
-typedef void(*gpr_slice_buffer_trim_end_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *src, size_t n, gpr_slice_buffer *garbage);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_trim_end_type gpr_slice_buffer_trim_end_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_trim_end gpr_slice_buffer_trim_end_import
-typedef void(*gpr_slice_buffer_move_first_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *src, size_t n, gpr_slice_buffer *dst);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_move_first_type gpr_slice_buffer_move_first_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_move_first gpr_slice_buffer_move_first_import
-typedef gpr_slice(*gpr_slice_buffer_take_first_type)(gpr_slice_buffer *src);
-extern gpr_slice_buffer_take_first_type gpr_slice_buffer_take_first_import;
-#define gpr_slice_buffer_take_first gpr_slice_buffer_take_first_import
-typedef void(*gpr_mu_init_type)(gpr_mu *mu);
-extern gpr_mu_init_type gpr_mu_init_import;
-#define gpr_mu_init gpr_mu_init_import
-typedef void(*gpr_mu_destroy_type)(gpr_mu *mu);
-extern gpr_mu_destroy_type gpr_mu_destroy_import;
-#define gpr_mu_destroy gpr_mu_destroy_import
-typedef void(*gpr_mu_lock_type)(gpr_mu *mu);
-extern gpr_mu_lock_type gpr_mu_lock_import;
-#define gpr_mu_lock gpr_mu_lock_import
-typedef void(*gpr_mu_unlock_type)(gpr_mu *mu);
-extern gpr_mu_unlock_type gpr_mu_unlock_import;
-#define gpr_mu_unlock gpr_mu_unlock_import
-typedef int(*gpr_mu_trylock_type)(gpr_mu *mu);
-extern gpr_mu_trylock_type gpr_mu_trylock_import;
-#define gpr_mu_trylock gpr_mu_trylock_import
-typedef void(*gpr_cv_init_type)(gpr_cv *cv);
-extern gpr_cv_init_type gpr_cv_init_import;
-#define gpr_cv_init gpr_cv_init_import
-typedef void(*gpr_cv_destroy_type)(gpr_cv *cv);
-extern gpr_cv_destroy_type gpr_cv_destroy_import;
-#define gpr_cv_destroy gpr_cv_destroy_import
-typedef int(*gpr_cv_wait_type)(gpr_cv *cv, gpr_mu *mu, gpr_timespec abs_deadline);
-extern gpr_cv_wait_type gpr_cv_wait_import;
-#define gpr_cv_wait gpr_cv_wait_import
-typedef void(*gpr_cv_signal_type)(gpr_cv *cv);
-extern gpr_cv_signal_type gpr_cv_signal_import;
-#define gpr_cv_signal gpr_cv_signal_import
-typedef void(*gpr_cv_broadcast_type)(gpr_cv *cv);
-extern gpr_cv_broadcast_type gpr_cv_broadcast_import;
-#define gpr_cv_broadcast gpr_cv_broadcast_import
-typedef void(*gpr_once_init_type)(gpr_once *once, void (*init_routine)(void));
-extern gpr_once_init_type gpr_once_init_import;
-#define gpr_once_init gpr_once_init_import
-typedef void(*gpr_event_init_type)(gpr_event *ev);
-extern gpr_event_init_type gpr_event_init_import;
-#define gpr_event_init gpr_event_init_import
-typedef void(*gpr_event_set_type)(gpr_event *ev, void *value);
-extern gpr_event_set_type gpr_event_set_import;
-#define gpr_event_set gpr_event_set_import
-typedef void *(*gpr_event_get_type)(gpr_event *ev);
-extern gpr_event_get_type gpr_event_get_import;
-#define gpr_event_get gpr_event_get_import
-typedef void *(*gpr_event_wait_type)(gpr_event *ev, gpr_timespec abs_deadline);
-extern gpr_event_wait_type gpr_event_wait_import;
-#define gpr_event_wait gpr_event_wait_import
-typedef void(*gpr_ref_init_type)(gpr_refcount *r, int n);
-extern gpr_ref_init_type gpr_ref_init_import;
-#define gpr_ref_init gpr_ref_init_import
-typedef void(*gpr_ref_type)(gpr_refcount *r);
-extern gpr_ref_type gpr_ref_import;
-#define gpr_ref gpr_ref_import
-typedef void(*gpr_ref_non_zero_type)(gpr_refcount *r);
-extern gpr_ref_non_zero_type gpr_ref_non_zero_import;
-#define gpr_ref_non_zero gpr_ref_non_zero_import
-typedef void(*gpr_refn_type)(gpr_refcount *r, int n);
-extern gpr_refn_type gpr_refn_import;
-#define gpr_refn gpr_refn_import
-typedef int(*gpr_unref_type)(gpr_refcount *r);
-extern gpr_unref_type gpr_unref_import;
-#define gpr_unref gpr_unref_import
-typedef void(*gpr_stats_init_type)(gpr_stats_counter *c, intptr_t n);
-extern gpr_stats_init_type gpr_stats_init_import;
-#define gpr_stats_init gpr_stats_init_import
-typedef void(*gpr_stats_inc_type)(gpr_stats_counter *c, intptr_t inc);
-extern gpr_stats_inc_type gpr_stats_inc_import;
-#define gpr_stats_inc gpr_stats_inc_import
-typedef intptr_t(*gpr_stats_read_type)(const gpr_stats_counter *c);
-extern gpr_stats_read_type gpr_stats_read_import;
-#define gpr_stats_read gpr_stats_read_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_time_0_type)(gpr_clock_type type);
-extern gpr_time_0_type gpr_time_0_import;
-#define gpr_time_0 gpr_time_0_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_inf_future_type)(gpr_clock_type type);
-extern gpr_inf_future_type gpr_inf_future_import;
-#define gpr_inf_future gpr_inf_future_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_inf_past_type)(gpr_clock_type type);
-extern gpr_inf_past_type gpr_inf_past_import;
-#define gpr_inf_past gpr_inf_past_import
-typedef void(*gpr_time_init_type)(void);
-extern gpr_time_init_type gpr_time_init_import;
-#define gpr_time_init gpr_time_init_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_now_type)(gpr_clock_type clock);
-extern gpr_now_type gpr_now_import;
-#define gpr_now gpr_now_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_convert_clock_type_type)(gpr_timespec t, gpr_clock_type target_clock);
-extern gpr_convert_clock_type_type gpr_convert_clock_type_import;
-#define gpr_convert_clock_type gpr_convert_clock_type_import
-typedef int(*gpr_time_cmp_type)(gpr_timespec a, gpr_timespec b);
-extern gpr_time_cmp_type gpr_time_cmp_import;
-#define gpr_time_cmp gpr_time_cmp_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_time_max_type)(gpr_timespec a, gpr_timespec b);
-extern gpr_time_max_type gpr_time_max_import;
-#define gpr_time_max gpr_time_max_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_time_min_type)(gpr_timespec a, gpr_timespec b);
-extern gpr_time_min_type gpr_time_min_import;
-#define gpr_time_min gpr_time_min_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_time_add_type)(gpr_timespec a, gpr_timespec b);
-extern gpr_time_add_type gpr_time_add_import;
-#define gpr_time_add gpr_time_add_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_time_sub_type)(gpr_timespec a, gpr_timespec b);
-extern gpr_time_sub_type gpr_time_sub_import;
-#define gpr_time_sub gpr_time_sub_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_time_from_micros_type)(int64_t x, gpr_clock_type clock_type);
-extern gpr_time_from_micros_type gpr_time_from_micros_import;
-#define gpr_time_from_micros gpr_time_from_micros_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_time_from_nanos_type)(int64_t x, gpr_clock_type clock_type);
-extern gpr_time_from_nanos_type gpr_time_from_nanos_import;
-#define gpr_time_from_nanos gpr_time_from_nanos_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_time_from_millis_type)(int64_t x, gpr_clock_type clock_type);
-extern gpr_time_from_millis_type gpr_time_from_millis_import;
-#define gpr_time_from_millis gpr_time_from_millis_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_time_from_seconds_type)(int64_t x, gpr_clock_type clock_type);
-extern gpr_time_from_seconds_type gpr_time_from_seconds_import;
-#define gpr_time_from_seconds gpr_time_from_seconds_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_time_from_minutes_type)(int64_t x, gpr_clock_type clock_type);
-extern gpr_time_from_minutes_type gpr_time_from_minutes_import;
-#define gpr_time_from_minutes gpr_time_from_minutes_import
-typedef gpr_timespec(*gpr_time_from_hours_type)(int64_t x, gpr_clock_type clock_type);
-extern gpr_time_from_hours_type gpr_time_from_hours_import;
-#define gpr_time_from_hours gpr_time_from_hours_import
-typedef int32_t(*gpr_time_to_millis_type)(gpr_timespec timespec);
-extern gpr_time_to_millis_type gpr_time_to_millis_import;
-#define gpr_time_to_millis gpr_time_to_millis_import
-typedef int(*gpr_time_similar_type)(gpr_timespec a, gpr_timespec b, gpr_timespec threshold);
-extern gpr_time_similar_type gpr_time_similar_import;
-#define gpr_time_similar gpr_time_similar_import
-typedef void(*gpr_sleep_until_type)(gpr_timespec until);
-extern gpr_sleep_until_type gpr_sleep_until_import;
-#define gpr_sleep_until gpr_sleep_until_import
-typedef double(*gpr_timespec_to_micros_type)(gpr_timespec t);
-extern gpr_timespec_to_micros_type gpr_timespec_to_micros_import;
-#define gpr_timespec_to_micros gpr_timespec_to_micros_import
-typedef gpr_avl(*gpr_avl_create_type)(const gpr_avl_vtable *vtable);
-extern gpr_avl_create_type gpr_avl_create_import;
-#define gpr_avl_create gpr_avl_create_import
-typedef gpr_avl(*gpr_avl_ref_type)(gpr_avl avl);
-extern gpr_avl_ref_type gpr_avl_ref_import;
-#define gpr_avl_ref gpr_avl_ref_import
-typedef void(*gpr_avl_unref_type)(gpr_avl avl);
-extern gpr_avl_unref_type gpr_avl_unref_import;
-#define gpr_avl_unref gpr_avl_unref_import
-typedef gpr_avl(*gpr_avl_add_type)(gpr_avl avl, void *key, void *value);
-extern gpr_avl_add_type gpr_avl_add_import;
-#define gpr_avl_add gpr_avl_add_import
-typedef gpr_avl(*gpr_avl_remove_type)(gpr_avl avl, void *key);
-extern gpr_avl_remove_type gpr_avl_remove_import;
-#define gpr_avl_remove gpr_avl_remove_import
-typedef void *(*gpr_avl_get_type)(gpr_avl avl, void *key);
-extern gpr_avl_get_type gpr_avl_get_import;
-#define gpr_avl_get gpr_avl_get_import
-typedef gpr_cmdline *(*gpr_cmdline_create_type)(const char *description);
-extern gpr_cmdline_create_type gpr_cmdline_create_import;
-#define gpr_cmdline_create gpr_cmdline_create_import
-typedef void(*gpr_cmdline_add_int_type)(gpr_cmdline *cl, const char *name, const char *help, int *value);
-extern gpr_cmdline_add_int_type gpr_cmdline_add_int_import;
-#define gpr_cmdline_add_int gpr_cmdline_add_int_import
-typedef void(*gpr_cmdline_add_flag_type)(gpr_cmdline *cl, const char *name, const char *help, int *value);
-extern gpr_cmdline_add_flag_type gpr_cmdline_add_flag_import;
-#define gpr_cmdline_add_flag gpr_cmdline_add_flag_import
-typedef void(*gpr_cmdline_add_string_type)(gpr_cmdline *cl, const char *name, const char *help, char **value);
-extern gpr_cmdline_add_string_type gpr_cmdline_add_string_import;
-#define gpr_cmdline_add_string gpr_cmdline_add_string_import
-typedef void(*gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg_type)(gpr_cmdline *cl, const char *name, const char *help, void (*on_extra_arg)(void *user_data, const char *arg), void *user_data);
-extern gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg_type gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg_import;
-#define gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg gpr_cmdline_on_extra_arg_import
-typedef void(*gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure_type)(gpr_cmdline *cl);
-extern gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure_type gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure_import;
-#define gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure gpr_cmdline_set_survive_failure_import
-typedef int(*gpr_cmdline_parse_type)(gpr_cmdline *cl, int argc, char **argv);
-extern gpr_cmdline_parse_type gpr_cmdline_parse_import;
-#define gpr_cmdline_parse gpr_cmdline_parse_import
-typedef void(*gpr_cmdline_destroy_type)(gpr_cmdline *cl);
-extern gpr_cmdline_destroy_type gpr_cmdline_destroy_import;
-#define gpr_cmdline_destroy gpr_cmdline_destroy_import
-typedef char *(*gpr_cmdline_usage_string_type)(gpr_cmdline *cl, const char *argv0);
-extern gpr_cmdline_usage_string_type gpr_cmdline_usage_string_import;
-#define gpr_cmdline_usage_string gpr_cmdline_usage_string_import
-typedef unsigned(*gpr_cpu_num_cores_type)(void);
-extern gpr_cpu_num_cores_type gpr_cpu_num_cores_import;
-#define gpr_cpu_num_cores gpr_cpu_num_cores_import
-typedef unsigned(*gpr_cpu_current_cpu_type)(void);
-extern gpr_cpu_current_cpu_type gpr_cpu_current_cpu_import;
-#define gpr_cpu_current_cpu gpr_cpu_current_cpu_import
-typedef gpr_histogram *(*gpr_histogram_create_type)(double resolution, double max_bucket_start);
-extern gpr_histogram_create_type gpr_histogram_create_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_create gpr_histogram_create_import
-typedef void(*gpr_histogram_destroy_type)(gpr_histogram *h);
-extern gpr_histogram_destroy_type gpr_histogram_destroy_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_destroy gpr_histogram_destroy_import
-typedef void(*gpr_histogram_add_type)(gpr_histogram *h, double x);
-extern gpr_histogram_add_type gpr_histogram_add_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_add gpr_histogram_add_import
-typedef int(*gpr_histogram_merge_type)(gpr_histogram *dst, const gpr_histogram *src);
-extern gpr_histogram_merge_type gpr_histogram_merge_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_merge gpr_histogram_merge_import
-typedef double(*gpr_histogram_percentile_type)(gpr_histogram *histogram, double percentile);
-extern gpr_histogram_percentile_type gpr_histogram_percentile_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_percentile gpr_histogram_percentile_import
-typedef double(*gpr_histogram_mean_type)(gpr_histogram *histogram);
-extern gpr_histogram_mean_type gpr_histogram_mean_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_mean gpr_histogram_mean_import
-typedef double(*gpr_histogram_stddev_type)(gpr_histogram *histogram);
-extern gpr_histogram_stddev_type gpr_histogram_stddev_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_stddev gpr_histogram_stddev_import
-typedef double(*gpr_histogram_variance_type)(gpr_histogram *histogram);
-extern gpr_histogram_variance_type gpr_histogram_variance_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_variance gpr_histogram_variance_import
-typedef double(*gpr_histogram_maximum_type)(gpr_histogram *histogram);
-extern gpr_histogram_maximum_type gpr_histogram_maximum_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_maximum gpr_histogram_maximum_import
-typedef double(*gpr_histogram_minimum_type)(gpr_histogram *histogram);
-extern gpr_histogram_minimum_type gpr_histogram_minimum_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_minimum gpr_histogram_minimum_import
-typedef double(*gpr_histogram_count_type)(gpr_histogram *histogram);
-extern gpr_histogram_count_type gpr_histogram_count_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_count gpr_histogram_count_import
-typedef double(*gpr_histogram_sum_type)(gpr_histogram *histogram);
-extern gpr_histogram_sum_type gpr_histogram_sum_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_sum gpr_histogram_sum_import
-typedef double(*gpr_histogram_sum_of_squares_type)(gpr_histogram *histogram);
-extern gpr_histogram_sum_of_squares_type gpr_histogram_sum_of_squares_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_sum_of_squares gpr_histogram_sum_of_squares_import
-typedef const uint32_t *(*gpr_histogram_get_contents_type)(gpr_histogram *histogram, size_t *count);
-extern gpr_histogram_get_contents_type gpr_histogram_get_contents_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_get_contents gpr_histogram_get_contents_import
-typedef void(*gpr_histogram_merge_contents_type)(gpr_histogram *histogram, const uint32_t *data, size_t data_count, double min_seen, double max_seen, double sum, double sum_of_squares, double count);
-extern gpr_histogram_merge_contents_type gpr_histogram_merge_contents_import;
-#define gpr_histogram_merge_contents gpr_histogram_merge_contents_import
-typedef int(*gpr_join_host_port_type)(char **out, const char *host, int port);
-extern gpr_join_host_port_type gpr_join_host_port_import;
-#define gpr_join_host_port gpr_join_host_port_import
-typedef int(*gpr_split_host_port_type)(const char *name, char **host, char **port);
-extern gpr_split_host_port_type gpr_split_host_port_import;
-#define gpr_split_host_port gpr_split_host_port_import
-typedef char *(*gpr_format_message_type)(int messageid);
-extern gpr_format_message_type gpr_format_message_import;
-#define gpr_format_message gpr_format_message_import
-typedef char *(*gpr_strdup_type)(const char *src);
-extern gpr_strdup_type gpr_strdup_import;
-#define gpr_strdup gpr_strdup_import
-typedef int(*gpr_asprintf_type)(char **strp, const char *format, ...);
-extern gpr_asprintf_type gpr_asprintf_import;
-#define gpr_asprintf gpr_asprintf_import
-typedef const char *(*gpr_subprocess_binary_extension_type)();
-extern gpr_subprocess_binary_extension_type gpr_subprocess_binary_extension_import;
-#define gpr_subprocess_binary_extension gpr_subprocess_binary_extension_import
-typedef gpr_subprocess *(*gpr_subprocess_create_type)(int argc, const char **argv);
-extern gpr_subprocess_create_type gpr_subprocess_create_import;
-#define gpr_subprocess_create gpr_subprocess_create_import
-typedef void(*gpr_subprocess_destroy_type)(gpr_subprocess *p);
-extern gpr_subprocess_destroy_type gpr_subprocess_destroy_import;
-#define gpr_subprocess_destroy gpr_subprocess_destroy_import
-typedef int(*gpr_subprocess_join_type)(gpr_subprocess *p);
-extern gpr_subprocess_join_type gpr_subprocess_join_import;
-#define gpr_subprocess_join gpr_subprocess_join_import
-typedef void(*gpr_subprocess_interrupt_type)(gpr_subprocess *p);
-extern gpr_subprocess_interrupt_type gpr_subprocess_interrupt_import;
-#define gpr_subprocess_interrupt gpr_subprocess_interrupt_import
-typedef int(*gpr_thd_new_type)(gpr_thd_id *t, void (*thd_body)(void *arg), void *arg, const gpr_thd_options *options);
-extern gpr_thd_new_type gpr_thd_new_import;
-#define gpr_thd_new gpr_thd_new_import
-typedef gpr_thd_options(*gpr_thd_options_default_type)(void);
-extern gpr_thd_options_default_type gpr_thd_options_default_import;
-#define gpr_thd_options_default gpr_thd_options_default_import
-typedef void(*gpr_thd_options_set_detached_type)(gpr_thd_options *options);
-extern gpr_thd_options_set_detached_type gpr_thd_options_set_detached_import;
-#define gpr_thd_options_set_detached gpr_thd_options_set_detached_import
-typedef void(*gpr_thd_options_set_joinable_type)(gpr_thd_options *options);
-extern gpr_thd_options_set_joinable_type gpr_thd_options_set_joinable_import;
-#define gpr_thd_options_set_joinable gpr_thd_options_set_joinable_import
-typedef int(*gpr_thd_options_is_detached_type)(const gpr_thd_options *options);
-extern gpr_thd_options_is_detached_type gpr_thd_options_is_detached_import;
-#define gpr_thd_options_is_detached gpr_thd_options_is_detached_import
-typedef int(*gpr_thd_options_is_joinable_type)(const gpr_thd_options *options);
-extern gpr_thd_options_is_joinable_type gpr_thd_options_is_joinable_import;
-#define gpr_thd_options_is_joinable gpr_thd_options_is_joinable_import
-typedef gpr_thd_id(*gpr_thd_currentid_type)(void);
-extern gpr_thd_currentid_type gpr_thd_currentid_import;
-#define gpr_thd_currentid gpr_thd_currentid_import
-typedef void(*gpr_thd_join_type)(gpr_thd_id t);
-extern gpr_thd_join_type gpr_thd_join_import;
-#define gpr_thd_join gpr_thd_join_import
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif  /* __cpluslus */
-
-void pygrpc_load_imports(HMODULE library);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif  /* __cpluslus */
-
-#else /* !GPR_WINDOWS */
-
 #include <grpc/byte_buffer.h>
 #include <grpc/byte_buffer_reader.h>
 #include <grpc/compression.h>
@@ -864,6 +47,4 @@ void pygrpc_load_imports(HMODULE library);
 #include <grpc/support/time.h>
 #include <grpc/status.h>
 
-#endif /* !GPR_WINDOWS */
-
 #endif
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/loader.c b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/loader.c
index b909ad594e..34bd897549 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/loader.c
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/loader.c
@@ -31,36 +31,20 @@
  *
  */
 
+#include <Python.h>
 #include "loader.h"
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif  /* __cpluslus  */
 
-#if GPR_WINDOWS
-
-int pygrpc_load_core(char *path) {
-  HMODULE grpc_c;
-#ifdef GPR_ARCH_32
-  /* Close your eyes for a moment, it'll all be over soon. */
-  char *six = strrchr(path, '6');
-  *six++ = '3';
-  *six = '2';
-#endif
-  grpc_c = LoadLibraryA(path);
-  if (grpc_c) {
-    pygrpc_load_imports(grpc_c);
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#else
-
 int pygrpc_load_core(char *path) { return 1; }
 
-#endif  /* !GPR_WINDOWS */
+// Cython doesn't have Py_AtExit bindings, so we call the C_API directly
+int pygrpc_initialize_core(void) {
+  grpc_init();
+  return Py_AtExit(grpc_shutdown) < 0 ? 0 : 1;
+}
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/loader.h b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/loader.h
index 3b8796d39f..62fd225204 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/loader.h
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_cython/loader.h
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@
 /* Additional inclusions not covered by "imports.generated.h" */
 #include <grpc/byte_buffer_reader.h>
 
+/* TODO(atash) remove cruft */
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif  /* __cpluslus */
@@ -46,6 +48,11 @@ extern "C" {
 /* Attempts to load the core if necessary, and return non-zero upon succes. */
 int pygrpc_load_core(char *path);
 
+/* Initializes grpc and registers grpc_shutdown() to be called right before
+ * interpreter exit.  Returns non-zero upon success.
+ */
+int pygrpc_initialize_core(void);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif  /* __cpluslus */
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/invocation.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/invocation.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 003653e1c8..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/invocation.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,453 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""The RPC-invocation-side bridge between RPC Framework and GRPC-on-the-wire."""
-
-import abc
-import enum
-import logging
-import threading
-import time
-
-import six
-
-from grpc._adapter import _intermediary_low
-from grpc._links import _constants
-from grpc.beta import interfaces as beta_interfaces
-from grpc.framework.foundation import activated
-from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
-from grpc.framework.foundation import relay
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-
-_IDENTITY = lambda x: x
-
-_STOP = _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.STOP
-_WRITE = _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.WRITE_ACCEPTED
-_COMPLETE = _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.COMPLETE_ACCEPTED
-_READ = _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.READ_ACCEPTED
-_METADATA = _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.METADATA_ACCEPTED
-_FINISH = _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.FINISH
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class _Read(enum.Enum):
-  AWAITING_METADATA = 'awaiting metadata'
-  READING = 'reading'
-  AWAITING_ALLOWANCE = 'awaiting allowance'
-  CLOSED = 'closed'
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class _HighWrite(enum.Enum):
-  OPEN = 'open'
-  CLOSED = 'closed'
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class _LowWrite(enum.Enum):
-  OPEN = 'OPEN'
-  ACTIVE = 'ACTIVE'
-  CLOSED = 'CLOSED'
-
-
-class _Context(beta_interfaces.GRPCInvocationContext):
-
-  def __init__(self):
-    self._lock = threading.Lock()
-    self._disable_next_compression = False
-
-  def disable_next_request_compression(self):
-    with self._lock:
-      self._disable_next_compression = True
-
-  def next_compression_disabled(self):
-    with self._lock:
-      disabled = self._disable_next_compression
-      self._disable_next_compression = False
-      return disabled
-
-
-class _RPCState(object):
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, call, request_serializer, response_deserializer, sequence_number,
-      read, allowance, high_write, low_write, due, context):
-    self.call = call
-    self.request_serializer = request_serializer
-    self.response_deserializer = response_deserializer
-    self.sequence_number = sequence_number
-    self.read = read
-    self.allowance = allowance
-    self.high_write = high_write
-    self.low_write = low_write
-    self.due = due
-    self.context = context
-
-
-def _no_longer_due(kind, rpc_state, key, rpc_states):
-  rpc_state.due.remove(kind)
-  if not rpc_state.due:
-    del rpc_states[key]
-
-
-class _Kernel(object):
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
-      response_deserializers, ticket_relay):
-    self._lock = threading.Lock()
-    self._channel = channel
-    self._host = host
-    self._metadata_transformer = metadata_transformer
-    self._request_serializers = request_serializers
-    self._response_deserializers = response_deserializers
-    self._relay = ticket_relay
-
-    self._completion_queue = None
-    self._rpc_states = {}
-    self._pool = None
-
-  def _on_write_event(self, operation_id, unused_event, rpc_state):
-    if rpc_state.high_write is _HighWrite.CLOSED:
-      rpc_state.call.complete(operation_id)
-      rpc_state.due.add(_COMPLETE)
-      rpc_state.due.remove(_WRITE)
-      rpc_state.low_write = _LowWrite.CLOSED
-    else:
-      ticket = links.Ticket(
-          operation_id, rpc_state.sequence_number, None, None, None, None, 1,
-          None, None, None, None, None, None, None)
-      rpc_state.sequence_number += 1
-      self._relay.add_value(ticket)
-      rpc_state.low_write = _LowWrite.OPEN
-      _no_longer_due(_WRITE, rpc_state, operation_id, self._rpc_states)
-
-  def _on_read_event(self, operation_id, event, rpc_state):
-    if event.bytes is None or _FINISH not in rpc_state.due:
-      rpc_state.read = _Read.CLOSED
-      _no_longer_due(_READ, rpc_state, operation_id, self._rpc_states)
-    else:
-      if 0 < rpc_state.allowance:
-        rpc_state.allowance -= 1
-        rpc_state.call.read(operation_id)
-      else:
-        rpc_state.read = _Read.AWAITING_ALLOWANCE
-        _no_longer_due(_READ, rpc_state, operation_id, self._rpc_states)
-      ticket = links.Ticket(
-          operation_id, rpc_state.sequence_number, None, None, None, None, None,
-          None, rpc_state.response_deserializer(event.bytes), None, None, None,
-          None, None)
-      rpc_state.sequence_number += 1
-      self._relay.add_value(ticket)
-
-  def _on_metadata_event(self, operation_id, event, rpc_state):
-    if _FINISH in rpc_state.due:
-      rpc_state.allowance -= 1
-      rpc_state.call.read(operation_id)
-      rpc_state.read = _Read.READING
-      rpc_state.due.add(_READ)
-      rpc_state.due.remove(_METADATA)
-      ticket = links.Ticket(
-          operation_id, rpc_state.sequence_number, None, None,
-          links.Ticket.Subscription.FULL, None, None, event.metadata, None,
-          None, None, None, None, None)
-      rpc_state.sequence_number += 1
-      self._relay.add_value(ticket)
-    else:
-      _no_longer_due(_METADATA, rpc_state, operation_id, self._rpc_states)
-
-  def _on_finish_event(self, operation_id, event, rpc_state):
-    _no_longer_due(_FINISH, rpc_state, operation_id, self._rpc_states)
-    if event.status.code == _intermediary_low.Code.OK:
-      termination = links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION
-    elif event.status.code == _intermediary_low.Code.CANCELLED:
-      termination = links.Ticket.Termination.CANCELLATION
-    elif event.status.code == _intermediary_low.Code.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED:
-      termination = links.Ticket.Termination.EXPIRATION
-    elif event.status.code == _intermediary_low.Code.UNIMPLEMENTED:
-      termination = links.Ticket.Termination.REMOTE_FAILURE
-    elif event.status.code == _intermediary_low.Code.UNKNOWN:
-      termination = links.Ticket.Termination.LOCAL_FAILURE
-    else:
-      termination = links.Ticket.Termination.TRANSMISSION_FAILURE
-    code = _constants.LOW_STATUS_CODE_TO_HIGH_STATUS_CODE[event.status.code]
-    ticket = links.Ticket(
-        operation_id, rpc_state.sequence_number, None, None, None, None, None,
-        None, None, event.metadata, code, event.status.details, termination,
-        None)
-    rpc_state.sequence_number += 1
-    self._relay.add_value(ticket)
-
-  def _spin(self, completion_queue):
-    while True:
-      event = completion_queue.get(None)
-      with self._lock:
-        rpc_state = self._rpc_states.get(event.tag, None)
-        if event.kind is _STOP:
-          pass
-        elif event.kind is _WRITE:
-          self._on_write_event(event.tag, event, rpc_state)
-        elif event.kind is _METADATA:
-          self._on_metadata_event(event.tag, event, rpc_state)
-        elif event.kind is _READ:
-          self._on_read_event(event.tag, event, rpc_state)
-        elif event.kind is _FINISH:
-          self._on_finish_event(event.tag, event, rpc_state)
-        elif event.kind is _COMPLETE:
-          _no_longer_due(_COMPLETE, rpc_state, event.tag, self._rpc_states)
-        else:
-          logging.error('Illegal RPC event! %s', (event,))
-
-        if self._completion_queue is None and not self._rpc_states:
-          completion_queue.stop()
-          return
-
-  def _invoke(
-      self, operation_id, group, method, initial_metadata, payload, termination,
-      timeout, allowance, options):
-    """Invoke an RPC.
-
-    Args:
-      operation_id: Any object to be used as an operation ID for the RPC.
-      group: The group to which the RPC method belongs.
-      method: The RPC method name.
-      initial_metadata: The initial metadata object for the RPC.
-      payload: A payload object for the RPC or None if no payload was given at
-        invocation-time.
-      termination: A links.Ticket.Termination value or None indicated whether or
-        not more writes will follow from this side of the RPC.
-      timeout: A duration of time in seconds to allow for the RPC.
-      allowance: The number of payloads (beyond the free first one) that the
-        local ticket exchange mate has granted permission to be read.
-      options: A beta_interfaces.GRPCCallOptions value or None.
-    """
-    if termination is links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION:
-      high_write = _HighWrite.CLOSED
-    elif termination is None:
-      high_write = _HighWrite.OPEN
-    else:
-      return
-
-    transformed_initial_metadata = self._metadata_transformer(initial_metadata)
-    request_serializer = self._request_serializers.get(
-        (group, method), _IDENTITY)
-    response_deserializer = self._response_deserializers.get(
-        (group, method), _IDENTITY)
-
-    call = _intermediary_low.Call(
-        self._channel, self._completion_queue, '/%s/%s' % (group, method),
-        self._host, time.time() + timeout)
-    if options is not None and options.credentials is not None:
-      call.set_credentials(options.credentials._low_credentials)
-    if transformed_initial_metadata is not None:
-      for metadata_key, metadata_value in transformed_initial_metadata:
-        call.add_metadata(metadata_key, metadata_value)
-    call.invoke(self._completion_queue, operation_id, operation_id)
-    if payload is None:
-      if high_write is _HighWrite.CLOSED:
-        call.complete(operation_id)
-        low_write = _LowWrite.CLOSED
-        due = set((_METADATA, _COMPLETE, _FINISH,))
-      else:
-        low_write = _LowWrite.OPEN
-        due = set((_METADATA, _FINISH,))
-    else:
-      if options is not None and options.disable_compression:
-        flags = _intermediary_low.WriteFlags.WRITE_NO_COMPRESS
-      else:
-        flags = 0
-      call.write(request_serializer(payload), operation_id, flags)
-      low_write = _LowWrite.ACTIVE
-      due = set((_WRITE, _METADATA, _FINISH,))
-    context = _Context()
-    self._rpc_states[operation_id] = _RPCState(
-        call, request_serializer, response_deserializer, 1,
-        _Read.AWAITING_METADATA, 1 if allowance is None else (1 + allowance),
-        high_write, low_write, due, context)
-    protocol = links.Protocol(links.Protocol.Kind.INVOCATION_CONTEXT, context)
-    ticket = links.Ticket(
-        operation_id, 0, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None,
-        None, None, protocol)
-    self._relay.add_value(ticket)
-
-  def _advance(self, operation_id, rpc_state, payload, termination, allowance):
-    if payload is not None:
-      disable_compression = rpc_state.context.next_compression_disabled()
-      if disable_compression:
-        flags = _intermediary_low.WriteFlags.WRITE_NO_COMPRESS
-      else:
-        flags = 0
-      rpc_state.call.write(
-          rpc_state.request_serializer(payload), operation_id, flags)
-      rpc_state.low_write = _LowWrite.ACTIVE
-      rpc_state.due.add(_WRITE)
-
-    if allowance is not None:
-      if rpc_state.read is _Read.AWAITING_ALLOWANCE:
-        rpc_state.allowance += allowance - 1
-        rpc_state.call.read(operation_id)
-        rpc_state.read = _Read.READING
-        rpc_state.due.add(_READ)
-      else:
-        rpc_state.allowance += allowance
-
-    if termination is links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION:
-      rpc_state.high_write = _HighWrite.CLOSED
-      if rpc_state.low_write is _LowWrite.OPEN:
-        rpc_state.call.complete(operation_id)
-        rpc_state.due.add(_COMPLETE)
-        rpc_state.low_write = _LowWrite.CLOSED
-    elif termination is not None:
-      rpc_state.call.cancel()
-
-  def add_ticket(self, ticket):
-    with self._lock:
-      if ticket.sequence_number == 0:
-        if self._completion_queue is None:
-          logging.error('Received invocation ticket %s after stop!', ticket)
-        else:
-          if (ticket.protocol is not None and
-              ticket.protocol.kind is links.Protocol.Kind.CALL_OPTION):
-            grpc_call_options = ticket.protocol.value
-          else:
-            grpc_call_options = None
-          self._invoke(
-              ticket.operation_id, ticket.group, ticket.method,
-              ticket.initial_metadata, ticket.payload, ticket.termination,
-              ticket.timeout, ticket.allowance, grpc_call_options)
-      else:
-        rpc_state = self._rpc_states.get(ticket.operation_id)
-        if rpc_state is not None:
-          self._advance(
-              ticket.operation_id, rpc_state, ticket.payload,
-              ticket.termination, ticket.allowance)
-
-  def start(self):
-    """Starts this object.
-
-    This method must be called before attempting to exchange tickets with this
-    object.
-    """
-    with self._lock:
-      self._completion_queue = _intermediary_low.CompletionQueue()
-      self._pool = logging_pool.pool(1)
-      self._pool.submit(self._spin, self._completion_queue)
-
-  def stop(self):
-    """Stops this object.
-
-    This method must be called for proper termination of this object, and no
-    attempts to exchange tickets with this object may be made after this method
-    has been called.
-    """
-    with self._lock:
-      if not self._rpc_states:
-        self._completion_queue.stop()
-      self._completion_queue = None
-      pool = self._pool
-    pool.shutdown(wait=True)
-
-
-class InvocationLink(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, links.Link, activated.Activated)):
-  """A links.Link for use on the invocation-side of a gRPC connection.
-
-  Implementations of this interface are only valid for use when activated.
-  """
-
-
-class _InvocationLink(InvocationLink):
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
-      response_deserializers):
-    self._relay = relay.relay(None)
-    self._kernel = _Kernel(
-        channel, host,
-        _IDENTITY if metadata_transformer is None else metadata_transformer,
-        {} if request_serializers is None else request_serializers,
-        {} if response_deserializers is None else response_deserializers,
-        self._relay)
-
-  def _start(self):
-    self._relay.start()
-    self._kernel.start()
-    return self
-
-  def _stop(self):
-    self._kernel.stop()
-    self._relay.stop()
-
-  def accept_ticket(self, ticket):
-    """See links.Link.accept_ticket for specification."""
-    self._kernel.add_ticket(ticket)
-
-  def join_link(self, link):
-    """See links.Link.join_link for specification."""
-    self._relay.set_behavior(link.accept_ticket)
-
-  def __enter__(self):
-    """See activated.Activated.__enter__ for specification."""
-    return self._start()
-
-  def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-    """See activated.Activated.__exit__ for specification."""
-    self._stop()
-    return False
-
-  def start(self):
-    """See activated.Activated.start for specification."""
-    return self._start()
-
-  def stop(self):
-    """See activated.Activated.stop for specification."""
-    self._stop()
-
-
-def invocation_link(
-    channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
-    response_deserializers):
-  """Creates an InvocationLink.
-
-  Args:
-    channel: An _intermediary_low.Channel for use by the link.
-    host: The host to specify when invoking RPCs.
-    metadata_transformer: A callable that takes an invocation-side initial
-      metadata value and returns another metadata value to send in its place.
-      May be None.
-    request_serializers: A dict from group-method pair to request object
-      serialization behavior.
-    response_deserializers: A dict from group-method pair to response object
-      deserialization behavior.
-
-  Returns:
-    An InvocationLink.
-  """
-  return _InvocationLink(
-      channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
-      response_deserializers)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/service.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/service.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 11310e2240..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/service.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,505 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""The RPC-service-side bridge between RPC Framework and GRPC-on-the-wire."""
-
-import abc
-import enum
-import logging
-import threading
-import time
-
-from grpc._adapter import _intermediary_low
-from grpc._links import _constants
-from grpc.beta import interfaces as beta_interfaces
-from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
-from grpc.framework.foundation import relay
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-
-_IDENTITY = lambda x: x
-
-_TERMINATION_KIND_TO_CODE = {
-    links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION: _intermediary_low.Code.OK,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.CANCELLATION: _intermediary_low.Code.CANCELLED,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.EXPIRATION:
-        _intermediary_low.Code.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.SHUTDOWN: _intermediary_low.Code.UNAVAILABLE,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.RECEPTION_FAILURE: _intermediary_low.Code.INTERNAL,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.TRANSMISSION_FAILURE:
-        _intermediary_low.Code.INTERNAL,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.LOCAL_FAILURE: _intermediary_low.Code.UNKNOWN,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.REMOTE_FAILURE: _intermediary_low.Code.UNKNOWN,
-}
-
-_STOP = _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.STOP
-_WRITE = _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.WRITE_ACCEPTED
-_COMPLETE = _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.COMPLETE_ACCEPTED
-_SERVICE = _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.SERVICE_ACCEPTED
-_READ = _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.READ_ACCEPTED
-_FINISH = _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.FINISH
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class _Read(enum.Enum):
-  READING = 'reading'
-  # TODO(issue 2916): This state will again be necessary after eliminating the
-  # "early_read" field of _RPCState and going back to only reading when granted
-  # allowance to read.
-  # AWAITING_ALLOWANCE = 'awaiting allowance'
-  CLOSED = 'closed'
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class _HighWrite(enum.Enum):
-  OPEN = 'open'
-  CLOSED = 'closed'
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class _LowWrite(enum.Enum):
-  """The possible categories of low-level write state."""
-
-  OPEN = 'OPEN'
-  ACTIVE = 'ACTIVE'
-  CLOSED = 'CLOSED'
-
-
-class _Context(beta_interfaces.GRPCServicerContext):
-
-  def __init__(self, call):
-    self._lock = threading.Lock()
-    self._call = call
-    self._disable_next_compression = False
-
-  def peer(self):
-    with self._lock:
-      return self._call.peer()
-
-  def disable_next_response_compression(self):
-    with self._lock:
-      self._disable_next_compression = True
-
-  def next_compression_disabled(self):
-    with self._lock:
-      disabled = self._disable_next_compression
-      self._disable_next_compression = False
-      return disabled
-
-
-class _RPCState(object):
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, request_deserializer, response_serializer, sequence_number, read,
-      early_read, allowance, high_write, low_write, premetadataed,
-      terminal_metadata, code, message, due, context):
-    self.request_deserializer = request_deserializer
-    self.response_serializer = response_serializer
-    self.sequence_number = sequence_number
-    self.read = read
-    # TODO(issue 2916): Eliminate this by eliminating the necessity of calling
-    # call.read just to advance the RPC.
-    self.early_read = early_read  # A raw (not deserialized) read.
-    self.allowance = allowance
-    self.high_write = high_write
-    self.low_write = low_write
-    self.premetadataed = premetadataed
-    self.terminal_metadata = terminal_metadata
-    self.code = code
-    self.message = message
-    self.due = due
-    self.context = context
-
-
-def _no_longer_due(kind, rpc_state, key, rpc_states):
-  rpc_state.due.remove(kind)
-  if not rpc_state.due:
-    del rpc_states[key]
-
-
-def _metadatafy(call, metadata):
-  for metadata_key, metadata_value in metadata:
-    call.add_metadata(metadata_key, metadata_value)
-
-
-def _status(termination_kind, high_code, details):
-  low_details = b'' if details is None else details
-  if high_code is None:
-    low_code = _TERMINATION_KIND_TO_CODE[termination_kind]
-  else:
-    low_code = _constants.HIGH_STATUS_CODE_TO_LOW_STATUS_CODE[high_code]
-  return _intermediary_low.Status(low_code, low_details)
-
-
-class _Kernel(object):
-
-  def __init__(self, request_deserializers, response_serializers, ticket_relay):
-    self._lock = threading.Lock()
-    self._request_deserializers = request_deserializers
-    self._response_serializers = response_serializers
-    self._relay = ticket_relay
-
-    self._completion_queue = None
-    self._due = set()
-    self._server = None
-    self._rpc_states = {}
-    self._pool = None
-
-  def _on_service_acceptance_event(self, event, server):
-    server.service(None)
-
-    service_acceptance = event.service_acceptance
-    call = service_acceptance.call
-    call.accept(self._completion_queue, call)
-    try:
-      group, method = service_acceptance.method.split(b'/')[1:3]
-    except ValueError:
-      logging.info('Illegal path "%s"!', service_acceptance.method)
-      return
-    request_deserializer = self._request_deserializers.get(
-        (group, method), _IDENTITY)
-    response_serializer = self._response_serializers.get(
-        (group, method), _IDENTITY)
-
-    call.read(call)
-    context = _Context(call)
-    self._rpc_states[call] = _RPCState(
-        request_deserializer, response_serializer, 1, _Read.READING, None, 1,
-        _HighWrite.OPEN, _LowWrite.OPEN, False, None, None, None,
-        set((_READ, _FINISH,)), context)
-    protocol = links.Protocol(links.Protocol.Kind.SERVICER_CONTEXT, context)
-    ticket = links.Ticket(
-        call, 0, group, method, links.Ticket.Subscription.FULL,
-        service_acceptance.deadline - time.time(), None, event.metadata, None,
-        None, None, None, None, protocol)
-    self._relay.add_value(ticket)
-
-  def _on_read_event(self, event):
-    call = event.tag
-    rpc_state = self._rpc_states[call]
-
-    if event.bytes is None:
-      rpc_state.read = _Read.CLOSED
-      payload = None
-      termination = links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION
-      _no_longer_due(_READ, rpc_state, call, self._rpc_states)
-    else:
-      if 0 < rpc_state.allowance:
-        payload = rpc_state.request_deserializer(event.bytes)
-        termination = None
-        rpc_state.allowance -= 1
-        call.read(call)
-      else:
-        rpc_state.early_read = event.bytes
-        _no_longer_due(_READ, rpc_state, call, self._rpc_states)
-        return
-        # TODO(issue 2916): Instead of returning:
-        # rpc_state.read = _Read.AWAITING_ALLOWANCE
-    ticket = links.Ticket(
-        call, rpc_state.sequence_number, None, None, None, None, None, None,
-        payload, None, None, None, termination, None)
-    rpc_state.sequence_number += 1
-    self._relay.add_value(ticket)
-
-  def _on_write_event(self, event):
-    call = event.tag
-    rpc_state = self._rpc_states[call]
-
-    if rpc_state.high_write is _HighWrite.CLOSED:
-      if rpc_state.terminal_metadata is not None:
-        _metadatafy(call, rpc_state.terminal_metadata)
-      status = _status(
-          links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION, rpc_state.code,
-          rpc_state.message)
-      call.status(status, call)
-      rpc_state.low_write = _LowWrite.CLOSED
-      rpc_state.due.add(_COMPLETE)
-      rpc_state.due.remove(_WRITE)
-    else:
-      ticket = links.Ticket(
-          call, rpc_state.sequence_number, None, None, None, None, 1, None,
-          None, None, None, None, None, None)
-      rpc_state.sequence_number += 1
-      self._relay.add_value(ticket)
-      rpc_state.low_write = _LowWrite.OPEN
-      _no_longer_due(_WRITE, rpc_state, call, self._rpc_states)
-
-  def _on_finish_event(self, event):
-    call = event.tag
-    rpc_state = self._rpc_states[call]
-    _no_longer_due(_FINISH, rpc_state, call, self._rpc_states)
-    code = event.status.code
-    if code == _intermediary_low.Code.OK:
-      return
-
-    if code == _intermediary_low.Code.CANCELLED:
-      termination = links.Ticket.Termination.CANCELLATION
-    elif code == _intermediary_low.Code.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED:
-      termination = links.Ticket.Termination.EXPIRATION
-    else:
-      termination = links.Ticket.Termination.TRANSMISSION_FAILURE
-    ticket = links.Ticket(
-        call, rpc_state.sequence_number, None, None, None, None, None, None,
-        None, None, None, None, termination, None)
-    rpc_state.sequence_number += 1
-    self._relay.add_value(ticket)
-
-  def _spin(self, completion_queue, server):
-    while True:
-      event = completion_queue.get(None)
-      with self._lock:
-        if event.kind is _STOP:
-          self._due.remove(_STOP)
-        elif event.kind is _READ:
-          self._on_read_event(event)
-        elif event.kind is _WRITE:
-          self._on_write_event(event)
-        elif event.kind is _COMPLETE:
-          _no_longer_due(
-              _COMPLETE, self._rpc_states.get(event.tag), event.tag,
-              self._rpc_states)
-        elif event.kind is _intermediary_low.Event.Kind.FINISH:
-          self._on_finish_event(event)
-        elif event.kind is _SERVICE:
-          if self._server is None:
-            self._due.remove(_SERVICE)
-          else:
-            self._on_service_acceptance_event(event, server)
-        else:
-          logging.error('Illegal event! %s', (event,))
-
-        if not self._due and not self._rpc_states:
-          completion_queue.stop()
-          return
-
-  def add_ticket(self, ticket):
-    with self._lock:
-      call = ticket.operation_id
-      rpc_state = self._rpc_states.get(call)
-      if rpc_state is None:
-        return
-
-      if ticket.initial_metadata is not None:
-        _metadatafy(call, ticket.initial_metadata)
-        call.premetadata()
-        rpc_state.premetadataed = True
-      elif not rpc_state.premetadataed:
-        if (ticket.terminal_metadata is not None or
-            ticket.payload is not None or
-            ticket.termination is not None or
-            ticket.code is not None or
-            ticket.message is not None):
-          call.premetadata()
-          rpc_state.premetadataed = True
-
-      if ticket.allowance is not None:
-        if rpc_state.early_read is None:
-          rpc_state.allowance += ticket.allowance
-        else:
-          payload = rpc_state.request_deserializer(rpc_state.early_read)
-          rpc_state.allowance += ticket.allowance - 1
-          rpc_state.early_read = None
-          if rpc_state.read is _Read.READING:
-            call.read(call)
-            rpc_state.due.add(_READ)
-            termination = None
-          else:
-            termination = links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION
-          early_read_ticket = links.Ticket(
-              call, rpc_state.sequence_number, None, None, None, None, None,
-              None, payload, None, None, None, termination, None)
-          rpc_state.sequence_number += 1
-          self._relay.add_value(early_read_ticket)
-
-      if ticket.payload is not None:
-        disable_compression = rpc_state.context.next_compression_disabled()
-        if disable_compression:
-          flags = _intermediary_low.WriteFlags.WRITE_NO_COMPRESS
-        else:
-          flags = 0
-        call.write(rpc_state.response_serializer(ticket.payload), call, flags)
-        rpc_state.due.add(_WRITE)
-        rpc_state.low_write = _LowWrite.ACTIVE
-
-      if ticket.terminal_metadata is not None:
-        rpc_state.terminal_metadata = ticket.terminal_metadata
-      if ticket.code is not None:
-        rpc_state.code = ticket.code
-      if ticket.message is not None:
-        rpc_state.message = ticket.message
-
-      if ticket.termination is links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION:
-        rpc_state.high_write = _HighWrite.CLOSED
-        if rpc_state.low_write is _LowWrite.OPEN:
-          if rpc_state.terminal_metadata is not None:
-            _metadatafy(call, rpc_state.terminal_metadata)
-          status = _status(
-              links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION, rpc_state.code,
-              rpc_state.message)
-          call.status(status, call)
-          rpc_state.due.add(_COMPLETE)
-          rpc_state.low_write = _LowWrite.CLOSED
-      elif ticket.termination is not None:
-        if rpc_state.terminal_metadata is not None:
-          _metadatafy(call, rpc_state.terminal_metadata)
-        status = _status(
-            ticket.termination, rpc_state.code, rpc_state.message)
-        call.status(status, call)
-        rpc_state.due.add(_COMPLETE)
-
-  def add_port(self, address, server_credentials):
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._server is None:
-        self._completion_queue = _intermediary_low.CompletionQueue()
-        self._server = _intermediary_low.Server(self._completion_queue)
-      if server_credentials is None:
-        return self._server.add_http2_addr(address)
-      else:
-        return self._server.add_secure_http2_addr(address, server_credentials)
-
-  def start(self):
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._server is None:
-        self._completion_queue = _intermediary_low.CompletionQueue()
-        self._server = _intermediary_low.Server(self._completion_queue)
-      self._pool = logging_pool.pool(1)
-      self._pool.submit(self._spin, self._completion_queue, self._server)
-      self._server.start()
-      self._server.service(None)
-      self._due.add(_SERVICE)
-
-  def begin_stop(self):
-    with self._lock:
-      self._server.stop()
-      self._due.add(_STOP)
-      self._server = None
-
-  def end_stop(self):
-    with self._lock:
-      pool = self._pool
-    pool.shutdown(wait=True)
-
-
-class ServiceLink(links.Link):
-  """A links.Link for use on the service-side of a gRPC connection.
-
-  Implementations of this interface are only valid for use between calls to
-  their start method and one of their stop methods.
-  """
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def add_port(self, address, server_credentials):
-    """Adds a port on which to service RPCs after this link has been started.
-
-    Args:
-      address: The address on which to service RPCs with a port number of zero
-        requesting that a port number be automatically selected and used.
-      server_credentials: An _intermediary_low.ServerCredentials object, or
-        None for insecure service.
-
-    Returns:
-      An integer port on which RPCs will be serviced after this link has been
-        started. This is typically the same number as the port number contained
-        in the passed address, but will likely be different if the port number
-        contained in the passed address was zero.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def start(self):
-    """Starts this object.
-
-    This method must be called before attempting to use this Link in ticket
-    exchange.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def begin_stop(self):
-    """Indicate imminent link stop and immediate rejection of new RPCs.
-
-    New RPCs will be rejected as soon as this method is called, but ongoing RPCs
-    will be allowed to continue until they terminate. This method does not
-    block.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def end_stop(self):
-    """Finishes stopping this link.
-
-    begin_stop must have been called exactly once before calling this method.
-
-    All in-progress RPCs will be terminated immediately.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class _ServiceLink(ServiceLink):
-
-  def __init__(self, request_deserializers, response_serializers):
-    self._relay = relay.relay(None)
-    self._kernel = _Kernel(
-        {} if request_deserializers is None else request_deserializers,
-        {} if response_serializers is None else response_serializers,
-        self._relay)
-
-  def accept_ticket(self, ticket):
-    self._kernel.add_ticket(ticket)
-
-  def join_link(self, link):
-    self._relay.set_behavior(link.accept_ticket)
-
-  def add_port(self, address, server_credentials):
-    return self._kernel.add_port(address, server_credentials)
-
-  def start(self):
-    self._relay.start()
-    return self._kernel.start()
-
-  def begin_stop(self):
-    self._kernel.begin_stop()
-
-  def end_stop(self):
-    self._kernel.end_stop()
-    self._relay.stop()
-
-
-def service_link(request_deserializers, response_serializers):
-  """Creates a ServiceLink.
-
-  Args:
-    request_deserializers: A dict from group-method pair to request object
-      deserialization behavior.
-    response_serializers: A dict from group-method pair to response ojbect
-      serialization behavior.
-
-  Returns:
-    A ServiceLink.
-  """
-  return _ServiceLink(request_deserializers, response_serializers)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_plugin_wrapping.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_plugin_wrapping.py
index 4e9cfe710c..7cb5218c22 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_plugin_wrapping.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_plugin_wrapping.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import collections
 import threading
 
 import grpc
+from grpc import _common
 from grpc._cython import cygrpc
 
 
@@ -62,17 +63,16 @@ class _WrappedCygrpcCallback(object):
     # TODO(atash) translate different Exception superclasses into different
     # status codes.
     self.cygrpc_callback(
-        cygrpc.Metadata([]), cygrpc.StatusCode.internal, error.message)
+        _common.EMPTY_METADATA, cygrpc.StatusCode.internal,
+        _common.encode(str(error)))
 
   def _invoke_success(self, metadata):
     try:
-      cygrpc_metadata = cygrpc.Metadata(
-          cygrpc.Metadatum(key, value)
-          for key, value in metadata)
+      cygrpc_metadata = _common.cygrpc_metadata(metadata)
     except Exception as error:
       self._invoke_failure(error)
       return
-    self.cygrpc_callback(cygrpc_metadata, cygrpc.StatusCode.ok, '')
+    self.cygrpc_callback(cygrpc_metadata, cygrpc.StatusCode.ok, b'')
 
   def __call__(self, metadata, error):
     with self.is_called_lock:
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class _WrappedPlugin(object):
   def __call__(self, context, cygrpc_callback):
     wrapped_cygrpc_callback = _WrappedCygrpcCallback(cygrpc_callback)
     wrapped_context = AuthMetadataContext(
-        context.service_url, context.method_name)
+        _common.decode(context.service_url), _common.decode(context.method_name))
     try:
       self.plugin(
           wrapped_context, AuthMetadataPluginCallback(wrapped_cygrpc_callback))
@@ -120,4 +120,4 @@ def call_credentials_metadata_plugin(plugin, name):
       plugin's invocation must be non-blocking.
   """
   return cygrpc.call_credentials_metadata_plugin(
-      cygrpc.CredentialsMetadataPlugin(_WrappedPlugin(plugin), name))
+      cygrpc.CredentialsMetadataPlugin(_WrappedPlugin(plugin), _common.encode(name)))
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_server.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_server.py
index aae9f48ae6..94a13bfb2f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_server.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_server.py
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ _CANCELLED = 'cancelled'
 _EMPTY_FLAGS = 0
 _EMPTY_METADATA = cygrpc.Metadata(())
 
+_UNEXPECTED_EXIT_SERVER_GRACE = 1.0
+
 
 def _serialized_request(request_event):
   return request_event.batch_operations[0].received_message.bytes()
@@ -144,18 +146,18 @@ def _abort(state, call, code, details):
           cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(
               _EMPTY_METADATA, _EMPTY_FLAGS),
           cygrpc.operation_send_status_from_server(
-              _common.metadata(state.trailing_metadata), effective_code,
+              _common.cygrpc_metadata(state.trailing_metadata), effective_code,
               effective_details, _EMPTY_FLAGS),
       )
       token = _SEND_INITIAL_METADATA_AND_SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER_TOKEN
     else:
       operations = (
           cygrpc.operation_send_status_from_server(
-              _common.metadata(state.trailing_metadata), effective_code,
+              _common.cygrpc_metadata(state.trailing_metadata), effective_code,
               effective_details, _EMPTY_FLAGS),
       )
       token = _SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER_TOKEN
-    call.start_batch(
+    call.start_server_batch(
         cygrpc.Operations(operations),
         _send_status_from_server(state, token))
     state.statused = True
@@ -242,10 +244,10 @@ class _Context(grpc.ServicerContext):
       self._state.disable_next_compression = True
 
   def invocation_metadata(self):
-    return self._rpc_event.request_metadata
+    return _common.application_metadata(self._rpc_event.request_metadata)
 
   def peer(self):
-    return self._rpc_event.operation_call.peer()
+    return _common.decode(self._rpc_event.operation_call.peer())
 
   def send_initial_metadata(self, initial_metadata):
     with self._state.condition:
@@ -254,8 +256,8 @@ class _Context(grpc.ServicerContext):
       else:
         if self._state.initial_metadata_allowed:
           operation = cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(
-              cygrpc.Metadata(initial_metadata), _EMPTY_FLAGS)
-          self._rpc_event.operation_call.start_batch(
+              _common.cygrpc_metadata(initial_metadata), _EMPTY_FLAGS)
+          self._rpc_event.operation_call.start_server_batch(
               cygrpc.Operations((operation,)),
               _send_initial_metadata(self._state))
           self._state.initial_metadata_allowed = False
@@ -265,7 +267,8 @@ class _Context(grpc.ServicerContext):
 
   def set_trailing_metadata(self, trailing_metadata):
     with self._state.condition:
-      self._state.trailing_metadata = trailing_metadata
+      self._state.trailing_metadata = _common.cygrpc_metadata(
+          trailing_metadata)
 
   def set_code(self, code):
     with self._state.condition:
@@ -273,7 +276,7 @@ class _Context(grpc.ServicerContext):
 
   def set_details(self, details):
     with self._state.condition:
-      self._state.details = details
+      self._state.details = _common.encode(details)
 
 
 class _RequestIterator(object):
@@ -289,7 +292,7 @@ class _RequestIterator(object):
     elif self._state.client is _CLOSED or self._state.statused:
       raise StopIteration()
     else:
-      self._call.start_batch(
+      self._call.start_server_batch(
           cygrpc.Operations((cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),)),
           _receive_message(self._state, self._call, self._request_deserializer))
       self._state.due.add(_RECEIVE_MESSAGE_TOKEN)
@@ -330,7 +333,7 @@ def _unary_request(rpc_event, state, request_deserializer):
       if state.client is _CANCELLED or state.statused:
         return None
       else:
-        start_batch_result = rpc_event.operation_call.start_batch(
+        start_server_batch_result = rpc_event.operation_call.start_server_batch(
             cygrpc.Operations(
                 (cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),)),
             _receive_message(
@@ -340,12 +343,11 @@ def _unary_request(rpc_event, state, request_deserializer):
           state.condition.wait()
           if state.request is None:
             if state.client is _CLOSED:
-              details = b'"{}" requires exactly one request message.'.format(
+              details = '"{}" requires exactly one request message.'.format(
                   rpc_event.request_call_details.method)
-              # TODO(5992#issuecomment-220761992): really, what status code?
               _abort(
                   state, rpc_event.operation_call,
-                  cygrpc.StatusCode.unavailable, details)
+                  cygrpc.StatusCode.unimplemented, _common.encode(details))
               return None
             elif state.client is _CANCELLED:
               return None
@@ -363,10 +365,10 @@ def _call_behavior(rpc_event, state, behavior, argument, request_deserializer):
   except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
     with state.condition:
       if e not in state.rpc_errors:
-        details = b'Exception calling application: {}'.format(e)
+        details = 'Exception calling application: {}'.format(e)
         logging.exception(details)
-        _abort(
-            state, rpc_event.operation_call, cygrpc.StatusCode.unknown, details)
+        _abort(state, rpc_event.operation_call,
+               cygrpc.StatusCode.unknown, _common.encode(details))
     return None, False
 
 
@@ -378,10 +380,10 @@ def _take_response_from_response_iterator(rpc_event, state, response_iterator):
   except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
     with state.condition:
       if e not in state.rpc_errors:
-        details = b'Exception iterating responses: {}'.format(e)
+        details = 'Exception iterating responses: {}'.format(e)
         logging.exception(details)
-        _abort(
-            state, rpc_event.operation_call, cygrpc.StatusCode.unknown, details)
+        _abort(state, rpc_event.operation_call,
+               cygrpc.StatusCode.unknown, _common.encode(details))
     return None, False
 
 
@@ -415,7 +417,7 @@ def _send_response(rpc_event, state, serialized_response):
             cygrpc.operation_send_message(serialized_response, _EMPTY_FLAGS),
         )
         token = _SEND_MESSAGE_TOKEN
-      rpc_event.operation_call.start_batch(
+      rpc_event.operation_call.start_server_batch(
           cygrpc.Operations(operations), _send_message(state, token))
       state.due.add(token)
       while True:
@@ -427,7 +429,7 @@ def _send_response(rpc_event, state, serialized_response):
 def _status(rpc_event, state, serialized_response):
   with state.condition:
     if state.client is not _CANCELLED:
-      trailing_metadata = _common.metadata(state.trailing_metadata)
+      trailing_metadata = _common.cygrpc_metadata(state.trailing_metadata)
       code = _completion_code(state)
       details = _details(state)
       operations = [
@@ -441,7 +443,7 @@ def _status(rpc_event, state, serialized_response):
       if serialized_response is not None:
         operations.append(cygrpc.operation_send_message(
             serialized_response, _EMPTY_FLAGS))
-      rpc_event.operation_call.start_batch(
+      rpc_event.operation_call.start_server_batch(
           cygrpc.Operations(operations),
           _send_status_from_server(state, _SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER_TOKEN))
       state.statused = True
@@ -531,7 +533,8 @@ def _find_method_handler(rpc_event, generic_handlers):
   for generic_handler in generic_handlers:
     method_handler = generic_handler.service(
         _HandlerCallDetails(
-            rpc_event.request_call_details.method, rpc_event.request_metadata))
+            _common.decode(rpc_event.request_call_details.method),
+            rpc_event.request_metadata))
     if method_handler is not None:
       return method_handler
   else:
@@ -547,7 +550,7 @@ def _handle_unrecognized_method(rpc_event):
           b'Method not found!', _EMPTY_FLAGS),
   )
   rpc_state = _RPCState()
-  rpc_event.operation_call.start_batch(
+  rpc_event.operation_call.start_server_batch(
       operations, lambda ignored_event: (rpc_state, (),))
   return rpc_state
 
@@ -555,7 +558,7 @@ def _handle_unrecognized_method(rpc_event):
 def _handle_with_method_handler(rpc_event, method_handler, thread_pool):
   state = _RPCState()
   with state.condition:
-    rpc_event.operation_call.start_batch(
+    rpc_event.operation_call.start_server_batch(
         cygrpc.Operations(
             (cygrpc.operation_receive_close_on_server(_EMPTY_FLAGS),)),
         _receive_close_on_server(state))
@@ -670,17 +673,6 @@ def _serve(state):
             return
 
 
-def _start(state):
-  with state.lock:
-    if state.stage is not _ServerStage.STOPPED:
-      raise ValueError('Cannot start already-started server!')
-    state.server.start()
-    state.stage = _ServerStage.STARTED
-    _request_call(state)
-    thread = threading.Thread(target=_serve, args=(state,))
-    thread.start()
-
-
 def _stop(state, grace):
   with state.lock:
     if state.stage is _ServerStage.STOPPED:
@@ -719,9 +711,27 @@ def _stop(state, grace):
   return shutdown_event
 
 
+def _start(state):
+  with state.lock:
+    if state.stage is not _ServerStage.STOPPED:
+      raise ValueError('Cannot start already-started server!')
+    state.server.start()
+    state.stage = _ServerStage.STARTED
+    _request_call(state)    
+    def cleanup_server(timeout):
+      if timeout is None:
+        _stop(state, _UNEXPECTED_EXIT_SERVER_GRACE).wait()
+      else:
+        _stop(state, timeout).wait()
+
+    thread = _common.CleanupThread(
+        cleanup_server, target=_serve, args=(state,))
+    thread.start()
+
+
 class Server(grpc.Server):
 
-  def __init__(self, generic_handlers, thread_pool):
+  def __init__(self, thread_pool, generic_handlers):
     completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
     server = cygrpc.Server()
     server.register_completion_queue(completion_queue)
@@ -732,10 +742,10 @@ class Server(grpc.Server):
     _add_generic_handlers(self._state, generic_rpc_handlers)
 
   def add_insecure_port(self, address):
-    return _add_insecure_port(self._state, address)
+    return _add_insecure_port(self._state, _common.encode(address))
 
   def add_secure_port(self, address, server_credentials):
-    return _add_secure_port(self._state, address, server_credentials)
+    return _add_secure_port(self._state, _common.encode(address), server_credentials)
 
   def start(self):
     _start(self._state)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_utilities.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_utilities.py
index a4ca9b7282..4850967fbc 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_utilities.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_utilities.py
@@ -29,16 +29,41 @@
 
 """Internal utilities for gRPC Python."""
 
+import collections
 import threading
 import time
 
+import six
+
 import grpc
+from grpc import _common
 from grpc.framework.foundation import callable_util
 
 _DONE_CALLBACK_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE = (
     'Exception calling connectivity future "done" callback!')
 
 
+class RpcMethodHandler(
+    collections.namedtuple(
+        '_RpcMethodHandler',
+        ('request_streaming', 'response_streaming', 'request_deserializer',
+         'response_serializer', 'unary_unary', 'unary_stream', 'stream_unary',
+         'stream_stream',)),
+    grpc.RpcMethodHandler):
+  pass
+
+
+class DictionaryGenericHandler(grpc.GenericRpcHandler):
+
+  def __init__(self, service, method_handlers):
+    self._method_handlers = {
+        _common.fully_qualified_method(service, method): method_handler
+        for method, method_handler in six.iteritems(method_handlers)}
+
+  def service(self, handler_call_details):
+    return self._method_handlers.get(handler_call_details.method)
+
+
 class _ChannelReadyFuture(grpc.Future):
 
   def __init__(self, channel):
@@ -144,4 +169,3 @@ def channel_ready_future(channel):
   ready_future = _ChannelReadyFuture(channel)
   ready_future.start()
   return ready_future
-
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_client_adaptations.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_client_adaptations.py
index 621fcf2174..73415e0be7 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_client_adaptations.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_client_adaptations.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 """Translates gRPC's client-side API into gRPC's client-side Beta API."""
 
 import grpc
+from grpc import _common
 from grpc._cython import cygrpc
 from grpc.beta import interfaces
 from grpc.framework.common import cardinality
@@ -48,10 +49,6 @@ _STATUS_CODE_TO_ABORTION_KIND_AND_ABORTION_ERROR_CLASS = {
 }
 
 
-def _fully_qualified_method(group, method):
-  return b'/{}/{}'.format(group, method)
-
-
 def _effective_metadata(metadata, metadata_transformer):
   non_none_metadata = () if metadata is None else metadata
   if metadata_transformer is None:
@@ -120,7 +117,10 @@ class _Rendezvous(future.Future, face.Call):
   def exception(self, timeout=None):
     try:
       rpc_error_call = self._future.exception(timeout=timeout)
-      return _abortion_error(rpc_error_call)
+      if rpc_error_call is None:
+        return None
+      else:
+        return _abortion_error(rpc_error_call)
     except grpc.FutureTimeoutError:
       raise future.TimeoutError()
     except grpc.FutureCancelledError:
@@ -184,14 +184,14 @@ def _blocking_unary_unary(
     metadata_transformer, request, request_serializer, response_deserializer):
   try:
     multi_callable = channel.unary_unary(
-        _fully_qualified_method(group, method),
+        _common.fully_qualified_method(group, method),
         request_serializer=request_serializer,
         response_deserializer=response_deserializer)
     effective_metadata = _effective_metadata(metadata, metadata_transformer)
     if with_call:
-      response, call = multi_callable(
+      response, call = multi_callable.with_call(
           request, timeout=timeout, metadata=effective_metadata,
-          credentials=_credentials(protocol_options), with_call=True)
+          credentials=_credentials(protocol_options))
       return response, _Rendezvous(None, None, call)
     else:
       return multi_callable(
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ def _future_unary_unary(
     channel, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, metadata,
     metadata_transformer, request, request_serializer, response_deserializer):
   multi_callable = channel.unary_unary(
-      _fully_qualified_method(group, method),
+      _common.fully_qualified_method(group, method),
       request_serializer=request_serializer,
       response_deserializer=response_deserializer)
   effective_metadata = _effective_metadata(metadata, metadata_transformer)
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ def _unary_stream(
     channel, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, metadata,
     metadata_transformer, request, request_serializer, response_deserializer):
   multi_callable = channel.unary_stream(
-      _fully_qualified_method(group, method),
+      _common.fully_qualified_method(group, method),
       request_serializer=request_serializer,
       response_deserializer=response_deserializer)
   effective_metadata = _effective_metadata(metadata, metadata_transformer)
@@ -235,14 +235,14 @@ def _blocking_stream_unary(
     response_deserializer):
   try:
     multi_callable = channel.stream_unary(
-        _fully_qualified_method(group, method),
+        _common.fully_qualified_method(group, method),
         request_serializer=request_serializer,
         response_deserializer=response_deserializer)
     effective_metadata = _effective_metadata(metadata, metadata_transformer)
     if with_call:
-      response, call = multi_callable(
+      response, call = multi_callable.with_call(
           request_iterator, timeout=timeout, metadata=effective_metadata,
-          credentials=_credentials(protocol_options), with_call=True)
+          credentials=_credentials(protocol_options))
       return response, _Rendezvous(None, None, call)
     else:
       return multi_callable(
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ def _future_stream_unary(
     metadata_transformer, request_iterator, request_serializer,
     response_deserializer):
   multi_callable = channel.stream_unary(
-      _fully_qualified_method(group, method),
+      _common.fully_qualified_method(group, method),
       request_serializer=request_serializer,
       response_deserializer=response_deserializer)
   effective_metadata = _effective_metadata(metadata, metadata_transformer)
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ def _stream_stream(
     metadata_transformer, request_iterator, request_serializer,
     response_deserializer):
   multi_callable = channel.stream_stream(
-      _fully_qualified_method(group, method),
+      _common.fully_qualified_method(group, method),
       request_serializer=request_serializer,
       response_deserializer=response_deserializer)
   effective_metadata = _effective_metadata(metadata, metadata_transformer)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_server.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_server.py
deleted file mode 100644
index eb0aadb42f..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_server.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Beta API server implementation."""
-
-import threading
-
-from grpc._links import service
-from grpc.beta import interfaces
-from grpc.framework.core import implementations as _core_implementations
-from grpc.framework.crust import implementations as _crust_implementations
-from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import utilities
-
-_DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE = 8
-_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 300
-_MAXIMUM_TIMEOUT = 24 * 60 * 60
-
-
-def _set_event():
-  event = threading.Event()
-  event.set()
-  return event
-
-
-class _GRPCServicer(base.Servicer):
-
-  def __init__(self, delegate):
-    self._delegate = delegate
-
-  def service(self, group, method, context, output_operator):
-    try:
-      return self._delegate.service(group, method, context, output_operator)
-    except base.NoSuchMethodError as e:
-      if e.code is None and e.details is None:
-        raise base.NoSuchMethodError(
-            interfaces.StatusCode.UNIMPLEMENTED,
-            'Method "%s" of service "%s" not implemented!' % (method, group))
-      else:
-        raise
-
-
-class _Server(interfaces.Server):
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, implementations, multi_implementation, pool, pool_size,
-      default_timeout, maximum_timeout, grpc_link):
-    self._lock = threading.Lock()
-    self._implementations = implementations
-    self._multi_implementation = multi_implementation
-    self._customer_pool = pool
-    self._pool_size = pool_size
-    self._default_timeout = default_timeout
-    self._maximum_timeout = maximum_timeout
-    self._grpc_link = grpc_link
-
-    self._end_link = None
-    self._stop_events = None
-    self._pool = None
-
-  def _start(self):
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._end_link is not None:
-        raise ValueError('Cannot start already-started server!')
-
-      if self._customer_pool is None:
-        self._pool = logging_pool.pool(self._pool_size)
-        assembly_pool = self._pool
-      else:
-        assembly_pool = self._customer_pool
-
-      servicer = _GRPCServicer(
-          _crust_implementations.servicer(
-              self._implementations, self._multi_implementation, assembly_pool))
-
-      self._end_link = _core_implementations.service_end_link(
-          servicer, self._default_timeout, self._maximum_timeout)
-
-      self._grpc_link.join_link(self._end_link)
-      self._end_link.join_link(self._grpc_link)
-      self._grpc_link.start()
-      self._end_link.start()
-
-  def _dissociate_links_and_shut_down_pool(self):
-    self._grpc_link.end_stop()
-    self._grpc_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-    self._end_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-    self._end_link = None
-    if self._pool is not None:
-      self._pool.shutdown(wait=True)
-    self._pool = None
-
-  def _stop_stopping(self):
-    self._dissociate_links_and_shut_down_pool()
-    for stop_event in self._stop_events:
-      stop_event.set()
-    self._stop_events = None
-
-  def _stop_started(self):
-    self._grpc_link.begin_stop()
-    self._end_link.stop(0).wait()
-    self._dissociate_links_and_shut_down_pool()
-
-  def _foreign_thread_stop(self, end_stop_event, stop_events):
-    end_stop_event.wait()
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._stop_events is stop_events:
-        self._stop_stopping()
-
-  def _schedule_stop(self, grace):
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._end_link is None:
-        return _set_event()
-      server_stop_event = threading.Event()
-      if self._stop_events is None:
-        self._stop_events = [server_stop_event]
-        self._grpc_link.begin_stop()
-      else:
-        self._stop_events.append(server_stop_event)
-      end_stop_event = self._end_link.stop(grace)
-      end_stop_thread = threading.Thread(
-          target=self._foreign_thread_stop,
-          args=(end_stop_event, self._stop_events))
-      end_stop_thread.start()
-      return server_stop_event
-
-  def _stop_now(self):
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._end_link is not None:
-        if self._stop_events is None:
-          self._stop_started()
-        else:
-          self._stop_stopping()
-
-  def add_insecure_port(self, address):
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._end_link is None:
-        return self._grpc_link.add_port(address, None)
-      else:
-        raise ValueError('Can\'t add port to serving server!')
-
-  def add_secure_port(self, address, server_credentials):
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._end_link is None:
-        return self._grpc_link.add_port(
-            address, server_credentials._low_credentials)  # pylint: disable=protected-access
-      else:
-        raise ValueError('Can\'t add port to serving server!')
-
-  def start(self):
-    self._start()
-
-  def stop(self, grace):
-    if 0 < grace:
-      return self._schedule_stop(grace)
-    else:
-      self._stop_now()
-      return _set_event()
-
-  def __enter__(self):
-    self._start()
-    return self
-
-  def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-    self._stop_now()
-    return False
-
-  def __del__(self):
-    self._stop_now()
-
-
-def server(
-    implementations, multi_implementation, request_deserializers,
-    response_serializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size, default_timeout,
-    maximum_timeout):
-  grpc_link = service.service_link(request_deserializers, response_serializers)
-  return _Server(
-      implementations, multi_implementation, thread_pool,
-      _DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE if thread_pool_size is None else thread_pool_size,
-      _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT if default_timeout is None else default_timeout,
-      _MAXIMUM_TIMEOUT if maximum_timeout is None else maximum_timeout,
-      grpc_link)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_server_adaptations.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_server_adaptations.py
index 52eadf2315..cca4a1797a 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_server_adaptations.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_server_adaptations.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import collections
 import threading
 
 import grpc
+from grpc import _common
 from grpc.beta import interfaces
 from grpc.framework.common import cardinality
 from grpc.framework.common import style
@@ -78,7 +79,8 @@ class _FaceServicerContext(face.ServicerContext):
     return _ServerProtocolContext(self._servicer_context)
 
   def invocation_metadata(self):
-    return self._servicer_context.invocation_metadata()
+    return _common.cygrpc_metadata(
+        self._servicer_context.invocation_metadata())
 
   def initial_metadata(self, initial_metadata):
     self._servicer_context.send_initial_metadata(initial_metadata)
@@ -160,14 +162,24 @@ class _Callback(stream.Consumer):
           self._condition.wait()
 
 
-def _pipe_requests(request_iterator, request_consumer, servicer_context):
-  for request in request_iterator:
-    if not servicer_context.is_active():
-      return
-    request_consumer.consume(request)
-    if not servicer_context.is_active():
-      return
-  request_consumer.terminate()
+def _run_request_pipe_thread(request_iterator, request_consumer,
+                             servicer_context):
+  thread_joined = threading.Event()
+  def pipe_requests():
+    for request in request_iterator:
+      if not servicer_context.is_active() or thread_joined.is_set():
+        return
+      request_consumer.consume(request)
+      if not servicer_context.is_active() or thread_joined.is_set():
+        return
+    request_consumer.terminate()
+
+  def stop_request_pipe(timeout):
+    thread_joined.set()
+
+  request_pipe_thread = _common.CleanupThread(
+      stop_request_pipe, target=pipe_requests)
+  request_pipe_thread.start()
 
 
 def _adapt_unary_unary_event(unary_unary_event):
@@ -205,10 +217,8 @@ def _adapt_stream_unary_event(stream_unary_event):
       raise abandonment.Abandoned()
     request_consumer = stream_unary_event(
         callback.consume_and_terminate, _FaceServicerContext(servicer_context))
-    request_pipe_thread = threading.Thread(
-        target=_pipe_requests,
-        args=(request_iterator, request_consumer, servicer_context,))
-    request_pipe_thread.start()
+    _run_request_pipe_thread(
+        request_iterator, request_consumer, servicer_context)
     return callback.draw_all_values()[0]
   return adaptation
 
@@ -220,10 +230,8 @@ def _adapt_stream_stream_event(stream_stream_event):
       raise abandonment.Abandoned()
     request_consumer = stream_stream_event(
         callback, _FaceServicerContext(servicer_context))
-    request_pipe_thread = threading.Thread(
-        target=_pipe_requests,
-        args=(request_iterator, request_consumer, servicer_context,))
-    request_pipe_thread.start()
+    _run_request_pipe_thread(
+        request_iterator, request_consumer, servicer_context)
     while True:
       response = callback.draw_one_value()
       if response is None:
@@ -287,36 +295,43 @@ def _simple_method_handler(
           None, _adapt_stream_stream_event(implementation.stream_stream_event))
 
 
+def _flatten_method_pair_map(method_pair_map):
+  method_pair_map = method_pair_map or {}
+  flat_map = {}
+  for method_pair in method_pair_map:
+    method = _common.fully_qualified_method(method_pair[0], method_pair[1])
+    flat_map[method] = method_pair_map[method_pair]
+  return flat_map
+
+
 class _GenericRpcHandler(grpc.GenericRpcHandler):
 
   def __init__(
       self, method_implementations, multi_method_implementation,
       request_deserializers, response_serializers):
-    self._method_implementations = method_implementations
+    self._method_implementations = _flatten_method_pair_map(
+        method_implementations)
+    self._request_deserializers = _flatten_method_pair_map(
+        request_deserializers)
+    self._response_serializers = _flatten_method_pair_map(
+        response_serializers)
     self._multi_method_implementation = multi_method_implementation
-    self._request_deserializers = request_deserializers or {}
-    self._response_serializers = response_serializers or {}
 
   def service(self, handler_call_details):
-    try:
-      group_name, method_name = handler_call_details.method.split(b'/')[1:3]
-    except ValueError:
+    method_implementation = self._method_implementations.get(
+        handler_call_details.method)
+    if method_implementation is not None:
+      return _simple_method_handler(
+          method_implementation,
+          self._request_deserializers.get(handler_call_details.method),
+          self._response_serializers.get(handler_call_details.method))
+    elif self._multi_method_implementation is None:
       return None
     else:
-      method_implementation = self._method_implementations.get(
-          (group_name, method_name,))
-      if method_implementation is not None:
-        return _simple_method_handler(
-            method_implementation,
-            self._request_deserializers.get((group_name, method_name,)),
-            self._response_serializers.get((group_name, method_name,)))
-      elif self._multi_method_implementation is None:
+      try:
+        return None  #TODO(nathaniel): call the multimethod.
+      except face.NoSuchMethodError:
         return None
-      else:
-        try:
-          return None  #TODO(nathaniel): call the multimethod.
-        except face.NoSuchMethodError:
-          return None
 
 
 class _Server(interfaces.Server):
@@ -356,4 +371,5 @@ def server(
         _DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE if thread_pool_size is None else thread_pool_size)
   else:
     effective_thread_pool = thread_pool
-  return _Server(grpc.server((generic_rpc_handler,), effective_thread_pool))
+  return _Server(
+      grpc.server(effective_thread_pool, handlers=(generic_rpc_handler,)))
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_stub.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_stub.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2af019309a..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/_stub.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Beta API stub implementation."""
-
-import threading
-
-from grpc._links import invocation
-from grpc.framework.core import implementations as _core_implementations
-from grpc.framework.crust import implementations as _crust_implementations
-from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import utilities
-
-_DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE = 6
-
-
-class _AutoIntermediary(object):
-
-  def __init__(self, up, down, delegate):
-    self._lock = threading.Lock()
-    self._up = up
-    self._down = down
-    self._in_context = False
-    self._delegate = delegate
-
-  def __getattr__(self, attr):
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._delegate is None:
-        raise AttributeError('No useful attributes out of context!')
-      else:
-        return getattr(self._delegate, attr)
-
-  def __enter__(self):
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._in_context:
-        raise ValueError('Already in context!')
-      elif self._delegate is None:
-        self._delegate = self._up()
-      self._in_context = True
-      return self
-
-  def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-    with self._lock:
-      if not self._in_context:
-        raise ValueError('Not in context!')
-      self._down()
-      self._in_context = False
-      self._delegate = None
-      return False
-
-  def __del__(self):
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._delegate is not None:
-        self._down()
-        self._delegate = None
-
-
-class _StubAssemblyManager(object):
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, thread_pool, thread_pool_size, end_link, grpc_link, stub_creator):
-    self._thread_pool = thread_pool
-    self._pool_size = thread_pool_size
-    self._end_link = end_link
-    self._grpc_link = grpc_link
-    self._stub_creator = stub_creator
-    self._own_pool = None
-
-  def up(self):
-    if self._thread_pool is None:
-      self._own_pool = logging_pool.pool(
-          _DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE if self._pool_size is None else self._pool_size)
-      assembly_pool = self._own_pool
-    else:
-      assembly_pool = self._thread_pool
-    self._end_link.join_link(self._grpc_link)
-    self._grpc_link.join_link(self._end_link)
-    self._end_link.start()
-    self._grpc_link.start()
-    return self._stub_creator(self._end_link, assembly_pool)
-
-  def down(self):
-    self._end_link.stop(0).wait()
-    self._grpc_link.stop()
-    self._end_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-    self._grpc_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-    if self._own_pool is not None:
-      self._own_pool.shutdown(wait=True)
-      self._own_pool = None
-
-
-def _assemble(
-    channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
-    response_deserializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size, stub_creator):
-  end_link = _core_implementations.invocation_end_link()
-  grpc_link = invocation.invocation_link(
-      channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
-      response_deserializers)
-  stub_assembly_manager = _StubAssemblyManager(
-      thread_pool, thread_pool_size, end_link, grpc_link, stub_creator)
-  stub = stub_assembly_manager.up()
-  return _AutoIntermediary(
-      stub_assembly_manager.up, stub_assembly_manager.down, stub)
-
-
-def _dynamic_stub_creator(service, cardinalities):
-  def create_dynamic_stub(end_link, invocation_pool):
-    return _crust_implementations.dynamic_stub(
-        end_link, service, cardinalities, invocation_pool)
-  return create_dynamic_stub
-
-
-def generic_stub(
-    channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
-    response_deserializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size):
-  return _assemble(
-      channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
-      response_deserializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size,
-      _crust_implementations.generic_stub)
-
-
-def dynamic_stub(
-    channel, host, service, cardinalities, metadata_transformer,
-    request_serializers, response_deserializers, thread_pool,
-    thread_pool_size):
-  return _assemble(
-      channel, host, metadata_transformer, request_serializers,
-      response_deserializers, thread_pool, thread_pool_size,
-      _dynamic_stub_creator(service, cardinalities))
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/implementations.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/implementations.py
index 4ae6e7d675..ab25fd5eec 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/implementations.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/implementations.py
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ import threading  # pylint: disable=unused-import
 # cardinality and face are referenced from specification in this module.
 import grpc
 from grpc import _auth
-from grpc._adapter import _types
 from grpc.beta import _client_adaptations
 from grpc.beta import _server_adaptations
 from grpc.beta import interfaces
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/interfaces.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/interfaces.py
index 4343b6c4b5..90f6bbbfcc 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/interfaces.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/beta/interfaces.py
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ import six
 import grpc
 
 ChannelConnectivity = grpc.ChannelConnectivity
+# FATAL_FAILURE was a Beta-API name for SHUTDOWN
+ChannelConnectivity.FATAL_FAILURE = ChannelConnectivity.SHUTDOWN
+
 StatusCode = grpc.StatusCode
 
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_constants.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_constants.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f47cb48e0..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_constants.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Private constants for the package."""
-
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-
-TICKET_SUBSCRIPTION_FOR_BASE_SUBSCRIPTION_KIND = {
-    base.Subscription.Kind.NONE: links.Ticket.Subscription.NONE,
-    base.Subscription.Kind.TERMINATION_ONLY:
-        links.Ticket.Subscription.TERMINATION,
-    base.Subscription.Kind.FULL: links.Ticket.Subscription.FULL,
-    }
-
-# Mapping from abortive operation outcome to ticket termination to be
-# sent to the other side of the operation, or None to indicate that no
-# ticket should be sent to the other side in the event of such an
-# outcome.
-ABORTION_OUTCOME_TO_TICKET_TERMINATION = {
-    base.Outcome.Kind.CANCELLED: links.Ticket.Termination.CANCELLATION,
-    base.Outcome.Kind.EXPIRED: links.Ticket.Termination.EXPIRATION,
-    base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_SHUTDOWN: links.Ticket.Termination.SHUTDOWN,
-    base.Outcome.Kind.REMOTE_SHUTDOWN: None,
-    base.Outcome.Kind.RECEPTION_FAILURE:
-        links.Ticket.Termination.RECEPTION_FAILURE,
-    base.Outcome.Kind.TRANSMISSION_FAILURE: None,
-    base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE: links.Ticket.Termination.LOCAL_FAILURE,
-    base.Outcome.Kind.REMOTE_FAILURE: links.Ticket.Termination.REMOTE_FAILURE,
-}
-
-INTERNAL_ERROR_LOG_MESSAGE = ':-( RPC Framework (Core) internal error! )-:'
-TERMINATION_CALLBACK_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE = (
-    'Exception calling termination callback!')
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_context.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_context.py
deleted file mode 100644
index a346e9d478..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_context.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""State and behavior for operation context."""
-
-import time
-
-# _interfaces is referenced from specification in this module.
-from grpc.framework.core import _interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from grpc.framework.core import _utilities
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-
-
-class OperationContext(base.OperationContext):
-  """An implementation of interfaces.OperationContext."""
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, lock, termination_manager, transmission_manager,
-      expiration_manager):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      lock: The operation-wide lock.
-      termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager for the operation.
-      transmission_manager: The _interfaces.TransmissionManager for the
-        operation.
-      expiration_manager: The _interfaces.ExpirationManager for the operation.
-    """
-    self._lock = lock
-    self._termination_manager = termination_manager
-    self._transmission_manager = transmission_manager
-    self._expiration_manager = expiration_manager
-
-  def _abort(self, outcome_kind):
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-        outcome = _utilities.Outcome(outcome_kind, None, None)
-        self._termination_manager.abort(outcome)
-        self._transmission_manager.abort(outcome)
-        self._expiration_manager.terminate()
-
-  def outcome(self):
-    """See base.OperationContext.outcome for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      return self._termination_manager.outcome
-
-  def add_termination_callback(self, callback):
-    """See base.OperationContext.add_termination_callback."""
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-        self._termination_manager.add_callback(callback)
-        return None
-      else:
-        return self._termination_manager.outcome
-
-  def time_remaining(self):
-    """See base.OperationContext.time_remaining for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      deadline = self._expiration_manager.deadline()
-    return max(0.0, deadline - time.time())
-
-  def cancel(self):
-    """See base.OperationContext.cancel for specification."""
-    self._abort(base.Outcome.Kind.CANCELLED)
-
-  def fail(self, exception):
-    """See base.OperationContext.fail for specification."""
-    self._abort(base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_emission.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_emission.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 8ab59dc3e5..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_emission.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""State and behavior for handling emitted values."""
-
-from grpc.framework.core import _interfaces
-from grpc.framework.core import _utilities
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-
-
-class EmissionManager(_interfaces.EmissionManager):
-  """An EmissionManager implementation."""
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, lock, termination_manager, transmission_manager,
-      expiration_manager):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      lock: The operation-wide lock.
-      termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager for the operation.
-      transmission_manager: The _interfaces.TransmissionManager for the
-        operation.
-      expiration_manager: The _interfaces.ExpirationManager for the operation.
-    """
-    self._lock = lock
-    self._termination_manager = termination_manager
-    self._transmission_manager = transmission_manager
-    self._expiration_manager = expiration_manager
-    self._ingestion_manager = None
-
-    self._initial_metadata_seen = False
-    self._payload_seen = False
-    self._completion_seen = False
-
-  def set_ingestion_manager(self, ingestion_manager):
-    """Sets the ingestion manager with which this manager will cooperate.
-
-    Args:
-      ingestion_manager: The _interfaces.IngestionManager for the operation.
-    """
-    self._ingestion_manager = ingestion_manager
-
-  def advance(
-      self, initial_metadata=None, payload=None, completion=None,
-      allowance=None):
-    initial_metadata_present = initial_metadata is not None
-    payload_present = payload is not None
-    completion_present = completion is not None
-    allowance_present = allowance is not None
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-        if (initial_metadata_present and (
-                self._initial_metadata_seen or self._payload_seen or
-                self._completion_seen) or
-            payload_present and self._completion_seen or
-            completion_present and self._completion_seen or
-            allowance_present and allowance <= 0):
-          outcome = _utilities.Outcome(
-              base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE, None, None)
-          self._termination_manager.abort(outcome)
-          self._transmission_manager.abort(outcome)
-          self._expiration_manager.terminate()
-        else:
-          self._initial_metadata_seen |= initial_metadata_present
-          self._payload_seen |= payload_present
-          self._completion_seen |= completion_present
-          if completion_present:
-            self._termination_manager.emission_complete()
-            self._ingestion_manager.local_emissions_done()
-          self._transmission_manager.advance(
-              initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance)
-          if allowance_present:
-            self._ingestion_manager.add_local_allowance(allowance)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_end.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_end.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 009d27c915..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_end.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,244 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Implementation of base.End."""
-
-import abc
-import threading
-import uuid
-
-import six
-
-from grpc.framework.core import _operation
-from grpc.framework.core import _utilities
-from grpc.framework.foundation import callable_util
-from grpc.framework.foundation import later
-from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import utilities
-
-_IDLE_ACTION_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE = 'Exception calling idle action!'
-
-
-class End(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, base.End, links.Link)):
-  """A bridge between base.End and links.Link.
-
-  Implementations of this interface translate arriving tickets into
-  calls on application objects implementing base interfaces and
-  translate calls from application objects implementing base interfaces
-  into tickets sent to a joined link.
-  """
-
-
-class _Cycle(object):
-  """State for a single start-stop End lifecycle."""
-
-  def __init__(self, pool):
-    self.pool = pool
-    self.grace = False
-    self.futures = []
-    self.operations = {}
-    self.idle_actions = []
-
-
-def _abort(operations):
-  for operation in operations:
-    operation.abort(base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_SHUTDOWN)
-
-
-def _cancel_futures(futures):
-  for future in futures:
-    future.cancel()
-
-
-def _future_shutdown(lock, cycle, event):
-  def in_future():
-    with lock:
-      _abort(cycle.operations.values())
-      _cancel_futures(cycle.futures)
-  return in_future
-
-
-class _End(End):
-  """An End implementation."""
-
-  def __init__(self, servicer_package):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      servicer_package: A _ServicerPackage for servicing operations or None if
-        this end will not be used to service operations.
-    """
-    self._lock = threading.Condition()
-    self._servicer_package = servicer_package
-
-    self._stats = {outcome_kind: 0 for outcome_kind in base.Outcome.Kind}
-
-    self._mate = None
-
-    self._cycle = None
-
-  def _termination_action(self, operation_id):
-    """Constructs the termination action for a single operation.
-
-    Args:
-      operation_id: The operation ID for the termination action.
-
-    Returns:
-      A callable that takes an operation outcome kind as its sole parameter and
-        that should be used as the termination action for the operation
-        associated with the given operation ID.
-    """
-    def termination_action(outcome_kind):
-      with self._lock:
-        self._stats[outcome_kind] += 1
-        self._cycle.operations.pop(operation_id, None)
-        if not self._cycle.operations:
-          for action in self._cycle.idle_actions:
-            self._cycle.pool.submit(action)
-          self._cycle.idle_actions = []
-          if self._cycle.grace:
-            _cancel_futures(self._cycle.futures)
-            self._cycle.pool.shutdown(wait=False)
-            self._cycle = None
-    return termination_action
-
-  def start(self):
-    """See base.End.start for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._cycle is not None:
-        raise ValueError('Tried to start a not-stopped End!')
-      else:
-        self._cycle = _Cycle(logging_pool.pool(1))
-
-  def stop(self, grace):
-    """See base.End.stop for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._cycle is None:
-        event = threading.Event()
-        event.set()
-        return event
-      elif not self._cycle.operations:
-        event = threading.Event()
-        self._cycle.pool.submit(event.set)
-        self._cycle.pool.shutdown(wait=False)
-        self._cycle = None
-        return event
-      else:
-        self._cycle.grace = True
-        event = threading.Event()
-        self._cycle.idle_actions.append(event.set)
-        if 0 < grace:
-          future = later.later(
-              grace, _future_shutdown(self._lock, self._cycle, event))
-          self._cycle.futures.append(future)
-        else:
-          _abort(self._cycle.operations.values())
-        return event
-
-  def operate(
-      self, group, method, subscription, timeout, initial_metadata=None,
-      payload=None, completion=None, protocol_options=None):
-    """See base.End.operate for specification."""
-    operation_id = uuid.uuid4()
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._cycle is None or self._cycle.grace:
-        raise ValueError('Can\'t operate on stopped or stopping End!')
-      termination_action = self._termination_action(operation_id)
-      operation = _operation.invocation_operate(
-          operation_id, group, method, subscription, timeout, protocol_options,
-          initial_metadata, payload, completion, self._mate.accept_ticket,
-          termination_action, self._cycle.pool)
-      self._cycle.operations[operation_id] = operation
-      return operation.context, operation.operator
-
-  def operation_stats(self):
-    """See base.End.operation_stats for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      return dict(self._stats)
-
-  def add_idle_action(self, action):
-    """See base.End.add_idle_action for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._cycle is None:
-        raise ValueError('Can\'t add idle action to stopped End!')
-      action_with_exceptions_logged = callable_util.with_exceptions_logged(
-          action, _IDLE_ACTION_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE)
-      if self._cycle.operations:
-        self._cycle.idle_actions.append(action_with_exceptions_logged)
-      else:
-        self._cycle.pool.submit(action_with_exceptions_logged)
-
-  def accept_ticket(self, ticket):
-    """See links.Link.accept_ticket for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._cycle is not None:
-        operation = self._cycle.operations.get(ticket.operation_id)
-        if operation is not None:
-          operation.handle_ticket(ticket)
-        elif self._servicer_package is not None and not self._cycle.grace:
-          termination_action = self._termination_action(ticket.operation_id)
-          operation = _operation.service_operate(
-              self._servicer_package, ticket, self._mate.accept_ticket,
-              termination_action, self._cycle.pool)
-          if operation is not None:
-            self._cycle.operations[ticket.operation_id] = operation
-
-  def join_link(self, link):
-    """See links.Link.join_link for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      self._mate = utilities.NULL_LINK if link is None else link
-
-
-def serviceless_end_link():
-  """Constructs an End usable only for invoking operations.
-
-  Returns:
-    An End usable for translating operations into ticket exchange.
-  """
-  return _End(None)
-
-
-def serviceful_end_link(servicer, default_timeout, maximum_timeout):
-  """Constructs an End capable of servicing operations.
-
-  Args:
-    servicer: An interfaces.Servicer for servicing operations.
-    default_timeout: A length of time in seconds to be used as the default
-      time alloted for a single operation.
-    maximum_timeout: A length of time in seconds to be used as the maximum
-      time alloted for a single operation.
-
-  Returns:
-    An End capable of servicing the operations requested of it through ticket
-      exchange.
-  """
-  return _End(
-      _utilities.ServicerPackage(servicer, default_timeout, maximum_timeout))
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_expiration.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_expiration.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ded0ab6bce..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_expiration.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""State and behavior for operation expiration."""
-
-import time
-
-from grpc.framework.core import _interfaces
-from grpc.framework.core import _utilities
-from grpc.framework.foundation import later
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-
-
-class _ExpirationManager(_interfaces.ExpirationManager):
-  """An implementation of _interfaces.ExpirationManager."""
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, commencement, timeout, maximum_timeout, lock, termination_manager,
-      transmission_manager):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      commencement: The time in seconds since the epoch at which the operation
-        began.
-      timeout: A length of time in seconds to allow for the operation to run.
-      maximum_timeout: The maximum length of time in seconds to allow for the
-        operation to run despite what is requested via this object's
-        change_timout method.
-      lock: The operation-wide lock.
-      termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager for the operation.
-      transmission_manager: The _interfaces.TransmissionManager for the
-        operation.
-    """
-    self._lock = lock
-    self._termination_manager = termination_manager
-    self._transmission_manager = transmission_manager
-    self._commencement = commencement
-    self._maximum_timeout = maximum_timeout
-
-    self._timeout = timeout
-    self._deadline = commencement + timeout
-    self._index = None
-    self._future = None
-
-  def _expire(self, index):
-    def expire():
-      with self._lock:
-        if self._future is not None and index == self._index:
-          self._future = None
-          self._termination_manager.expire()
-          self._transmission_manager.abort(
-              _utilities.Outcome(base.Outcome.Kind.EXPIRED, None, None))
-    return expire
-
-  def start(self):
-    self._index = 0
-    self._future = later.later(self._timeout, self._expire(0))
-
-  def change_timeout(self, timeout):
-    if self._future is not None and timeout != self._timeout:
-      self._future.cancel()
-      new_timeout = min(timeout, self._maximum_timeout)
-      new_index = self._index + 1
-      self._timeout = new_timeout
-      self._deadline = self._commencement + new_timeout
-      self._index = new_index
-      delay = self._deadline - time.time()
-      self._future = later.later(delay, self._expire(new_index))
-      if new_timeout != timeout:
-        self._transmission_manager.timeout(new_timeout)
-
-  def deadline(self):
-    return self._deadline
-
-  def terminate(self):
-    if self._future:
-      self._future.cancel()
-      self._future = None
-    self._deadline_index = None
-
-
-def invocation_expiration_manager(
-    timeout, lock, termination_manager, transmission_manager):
-  """Creates an _interfaces.ExpirationManager appropriate for front-side use.
-
-  Args:
-    timeout: A length of time in seconds to allow for the operation to run.
-    lock: The operation-wide lock.
-    termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager for the operation.
-    transmission_manager: The _interfaces.TransmissionManager for the
-      operation.
-
-  Returns:
-    An _interfaces.ExpirationManager appropriate for invocation-side use.
-  """
-  expiration_manager = _ExpirationManager(
-      time.time(), timeout, timeout, lock, termination_manager,
-      transmission_manager)
-  expiration_manager.start()
-  return expiration_manager
-
-
-def service_expiration_manager(
-    timeout, default_timeout, maximum_timeout, lock, termination_manager,
-    transmission_manager):
-  """Creates an _interfaces.ExpirationManager appropriate for back-side use.
-
-  Args:
-    timeout: A length of time in seconds to allow for the operation to run. May
-      be None in which case default_timeout will be used.
-    default_timeout: The default length of time in seconds to allow for the
-      operation to run if the front-side customer has not specified such a value
-      (or if the value they specified is not yet known).
-    maximum_timeout: The maximum length of time in seconds to allow for the
-      operation to run.
-    lock: The operation-wide lock.
-    termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager for the operation.
-    transmission_manager: The _interfaces.TransmissionManager for the
-      operation.
-
-  Returns:
-    An _interfaces.ExpirationManager appropriate for service-side use.
-  """
-  expiration_manager = _ExpirationManager(
-      time.time(), default_timeout if timeout is None else timeout,
-      maximum_timeout, lock, termination_manager, transmission_manager)
-  expiration_manager.start()
-  return expiration_manager
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_ingestion.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_ingestion.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f2767c981b..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_ingestion.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,439 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""State and behavior for ingestion during an operation."""
-
-import abc
-import collections
-import enum
-
-import six
-
-from grpc.framework.core import _constants
-from grpc.framework.core import _interfaces
-from grpc.framework.core import _utilities
-from grpc.framework.foundation import abandonment
-from grpc.framework.foundation import callable_util
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-
-_CREATE_SUBSCRIPTION_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE = 'Exception initializing ingestion!'
-_INGESTION_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE = 'Exception during ingestion!'
-
-
-class _SubscriptionCreation(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        '_SubscriptionCreation',
-        ('kind', 'subscription', 'code', 'details',))):
-  """A sum type for the outcome of ingestion initialization.
-
-  Attributes:
-    kind: A Kind value coarsely indicating how subscription creation completed.
-    subscription: The created subscription. Only present if kind is
-      Kind.SUBSCRIPTION.
-    code: A code value to be sent to the other side of the operation along with
-      an indication that the operation is being aborted due to an error on the
-      remote side of the operation. Only present if kind is Kind.REMOTE_ERROR.
-    details: A details value to be sent to the other side of the operation
-      along with an indication that the operation is being aborted due to an
-      error on the remote side of the operation. Only present if kind is
-      Kind.REMOTE_ERROR.
-  """
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Kind(enum.Enum):
-    SUBSCRIPTION = 'subscription'
-    REMOTE_ERROR = 'remote error'
-    ABANDONED = 'abandoned'
-
-
-class _SubscriptionCreator(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """Common specification of subscription-creating behavior."""
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def create(self, group, method):
-    """Creates the base.Subscription of the local customer.
-
-    Any exceptions raised by this method should be attributed to and treated as
-    defects in the customer code called by this method.
-
-    Args:
-      group: The group identifier of the operation.
-      method: The method identifier of the operation.
-
-    Returns:
-      A _SubscriptionCreation describing the result of subscription creation.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class _ServiceSubscriptionCreator(_SubscriptionCreator):
-  """A _SubscriptionCreator appropriate for service-side use."""
-
-  def __init__(self, servicer, operation_context, output_operator):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      servicer: The base.Servicer that will service the operation.
-      operation_context: A base.OperationContext for the operation to be passed
-        to the customer.
-      output_operator: A base.Operator for the operation to be passed to the
-        customer and to be called by the customer to accept operation data
-        emitted by the customer.
-    """
-    self._servicer = servicer
-    self._operation_context = operation_context
-    self._output_operator = output_operator
-
-  def create(self, group, method):
-    try:
-      subscription = self._servicer.service(
-          group, method, self._operation_context, self._output_operator)
-    except base.NoSuchMethodError as e:
-      return _SubscriptionCreation(
-          _SubscriptionCreation.Kind.REMOTE_ERROR, None, e.code, e.details)
-    except abandonment.Abandoned:
-      return _SubscriptionCreation(
-          _SubscriptionCreation.Kind.ABANDONED, None, None, None)
-    else:
-      return _SubscriptionCreation(
-          _SubscriptionCreation.Kind.SUBSCRIPTION, subscription, None, None)
-
-
-def _wrap(behavior):
-  def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
-    try:
-      behavior(*args, **kwargs)
-    except abandonment.Abandoned:
-      return False
-    else:
-      return True
-  return wrapped
-
-
-class _IngestionManager(_interfaces.IngestionManager):
-  """An implementation of _interfaces.IngestionManager."""
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, lock, pool, subscription, subscription_creator, termination_manager,
-      transmission_manager, expiration_manager, protocol_manager):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      lock: The operation-wide lock.
-      pool: A thread pool in which to execute customer code.
-      subscription: A base.Subscription describing the customer's interest in
-        operation values from the other side. May be None if
-        subscription_creator is not None.
-      subscription_creator: A _SubscriptionCreator wrapping the portion of
-        customer code that when called returns the base.Subscription describing
-        the customer's interest in operation values from the other side. May be
-        None if subscription is not None.
-      termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager for the operation.
-      transmission_manager: The _interfaces.TransmissionManager for the
-        operation.
-      expiration_manager: The _interfaces.ExpirationManager for the operation.
-      protocol_manager: The _interfaces.ProtocolManager for the operation.
-    """
-    self._lock = lock
-    self._pool = pool
-    self._termination_manager = termination_manager
-    self._transmission_manager = transmission_manager
-    self._expiration_manager = expiration_manager
-    self._protocol_manager = protocol_manager
-
-    if subscription is None:
-      self._subscription_creator = subscription_creator
-      self._wrapped_operator = None
-    elif subscription.kind is base.Subscription.Kind.FULL:
-      self._subscription_creator = None
-      self._wrapped_operator = _wrap(subscription.operator.advance)
-    else:
-      # TODO(nathaniel): Support other subscriptions.
-      raise ValueError('Unsupported subscription "%s"!' % subscription.kind)
-    self._pending_initial_metadata = None
-    self._pending_payloads = []
-    self._pending_completion = None
-    self._local_allowance = 1
-    # A nonnegative integer or None, with None indicating that the local
-    # customer is done emitting anyway so there's no need to bother it by
-    # informing it that the remote customer has granted it further permission to
-    # emit.
-    self._remote_allowance = 0
-    self._processing = False
-
-  def _abort_internal_only(self):
-    self._subscription_creator = None
-    self._wrapped_operator = None
-    self._pending_initial_metadata = None
-    self._pending_payloads = None
-    self._pending_completion = None
-
-  def _abort_and_notify(self, outcome_kind, code, details):
-    self._abort_internal_only()
-    if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-      outcome = _utilities.Outcome(outcome_kind, code, details)
-      self._termination_manager.abort(outcome)
-      self._transmission_manager.abort(outcome)
-      self._expiration_manager.terminate()
-
-  def _operator_next(self):
-    """Computes the next step for full-subscription ingestion.
-
-    Returns:
-      An initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance, continue quintet
-        indicating what operation values (if any) are available to pass into
-        customer code and whether or not there is anything immediately
-        actionable to call customer code to do.
-    """
-    if self._wrapped_operator is None:
-      return None, None, None, None, False
-    else:
-      initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance, action = [None] * 5
-      if self._pending_initial_metadata is not None:
-        initial_metadata = self._pending_initial_metadata
-        self._pending_initial_metadata = None
-        action = True
-      if self._pending_payloads and 0 < self._local_allowance:
-        payload = self._pending_payloads.pop(0)
-        self._local_allowance -= 1
-        action = True
-      if not self._pending_payloads and self._pending_completion is not None:
-        completion = self._pending_completion
-        self._pending_completion = None
-        action = True
-      if self._remote_allowance is not None and 0 < self._remote_allowance:
-        allowance = self._remote_allowance
-        self._remote_allowance = 0
-        action = True
-      return initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance, bool(action)
-
-  def _operator_process(
-      self, wrapped_operator, initial_metadata, payload,
-      completion, allowance):
-    while True:
-      advance_outcome = callable_util.call_logging_exceptions(
-          wrapped_operator, _INGESTION_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE,
-          initial_metadata=initial_metadata, payload=payload,
-          completion=completion, allowance=allowance)
-      if advance_outcome.exception is None:
-        if advance_outcome.return_value:
-          with self._lock:
-            if self._termination_manager.outcome is not None:
-              return
-            if completion is not None:
-              self._termination_manager.ingestion_complete()
-            initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance, moar = (
-                self._operator_next())
-            if not moar:
-              self._processing = False
-              return
-        else:
-          with self._lock:
-            if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-              self._abort_and_notify(
-                  base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE, None, None)
-            return
-      else:
-        with self._lock:
-          if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-            self._abort_and_notify(base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE, None, None)
-          return
-
-  def _operator_post_create(self, subscription):
-    wrapped_operator = _wrap(subscription.operator.advance)
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._termination_manager.outcome is not None:
-        return
-      self._wrapped_operator = wrapped_operator
-      self._subscription_creator = None
-      metadata, payload, completion, allowance, moar = self._operator_next()
-      if not moar:
-        self._processing = False
-        return
-    self._operator_process(
-        wrapped_operator, metadata, payload, completion, allowance)
-
-  def _create(self, subscription_creator, group, name):
-    outcome = callable_util.call_logging_exceptions(
-        subscription_creator.create,
-        _CREATE_SUBSCRIPTION_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE, group, name)
-    if outcome.return_value is None:
-      with self._lock:
-        if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-          self._abort_and_notify(base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE, None, None)
-    elif outcome.return_value.kind is _SubscriptionCreation.Kind.ABANDONED:
-      with self._lock:
-        if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-          self._abort_and_notify(base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE, None, None)
-    elif outcome.return_value.kind is _SubscriptionCreation.Kind.REMOTE_ERROR:
-      code = outcome.return_value.code
-      details = outcome.return_value.details
-      with self._lock:
-        if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-          self._abort_and_notify(
-              base.Outcome.Kind.REMOTE_FAILURE, code, details)
-    elif outcome.return_value.subscription.kind is base.Subscription.Kind.FULL:
-      self._protocol_manager.set_protocol_receiver(
-          outcome.return_value.subscription.protocol_receiver)
-      self._operator_post_create(outcome.return_value.subscription)
-    else:
-      # TODO(nathaniel): Support other subscriptions.
-      raise ValueError(
-          'Unsupported "%s"!' % outcome.return_value.subscription.kind)
-
-  def _store_advance(self, initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance):
-    if initial_metadata is not None:
-      self._pending_initial_metadata = initial_metadata
-    if payload is not None:
-      self._pending_payloads.append(payload)
-    if completion is not None:
-      self._pending_completion = completion
-    if allowance is not None and self._remote_allowance is not None:
-      self._remote_allowance += allowance
-
-  def _operator_advance(self, initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance):
-    if self._processing:
-      self._store_advance(initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance)
-    else:
-      action = False
-      if initial_metadata is not None:
-        action = True
-      if payload is not None:
-        if 0 < self._local_allowance:
-          self._local_allowance -= 1
-          action = True
-        else:
-          self._pending_payloads.append(payload)
-          payload = False
-      if completion is not None:
-        if self._pending_payloads:
-          self._pending_completion = completion
-        else:
-          action = True
-      if allowance is not None and self._remote_allowance is not None:
-        allowance += self._remote_allowance
-        self._remote_allowance = 0
-        action = True
-      if action:
-        self._pool.submit(
-            callable_util.with_exceptions_logged(
-                self._operator_process, _constants.INTERNAL_ERROR_LOG_MESSAGE),
-            self._wrapped_operator, initial_metadata, payload, completion,
-            allowance)
-
-  def set_group_and_method(self, group, method):
-    """See _interfaces.IngestionManager.set_group_and_method for spec."""
-    if self._subscription_creator is not None and not self._processing:
-      self._pool.submit(
-          callable_util.with_exceptions_logged(
-              self._create, _constants.INTERNAL_ERROR_LOG_MESSAGE),
-          self._subscription_creator, group, method)
-      self._processing = True
-
-  def add_local_allowance(self, allowance):
-    """See _interfaces.IngestionManager.add_local_allowance for spec."""
-    if any((self._subscription_creator, self._wrapped_operator,)):
-      self._local_allowance += allowance
-      if not self._processing:
-        initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance, moar = (
-            self._operator_next())
-        if moar:
-          self._pool.submit(
-              callable_util.with_exceptions_logged(
-                  self._operator_process,
-                  _constants.INTERNAL_ERROR_LOG_MESSAGE),
-              initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance)
-
-  def local_emissions_done(self):
-    self._remote_allowance = None
-
-  def advance(self, initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance):
-    """See _interfaces.IngestionManager.advance for specification."""
-    if self._subscription_creator is not None:
-      self._store_advance(initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance)
-    elif self._wrapped_operator is not None:
-      self._operator_advance(initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance)
-
-
-def invocation_ingestion_manager(
-    subscription, lock, pool, termination_manager, transmission_manager,
-    expiration_manager, protocol_manager):
-  """Creates an IngestionManager appropriate for invocation-side use.
-
-  Args:
-    subscription: A base.Subscription indicating the customer's interest in the
-      data and results from the service-side of the operation.
-    lock: The operation-wide lock.
-    pool: A thread pool in which to execute customer code.
-    termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager for the operation.
-    transmission_manager: The _interfaces.TransmissionManager for the
-      operation.
-    expiration_manager: The _interfaces.ExpirationManager for the operation.
-    protocol_manager: The _interfaces.ProtocolManager for the operation.
-
-  Returns:
-    An IngestionManager appropriate for invocation-side use.
-  """
-  return _IngestionManager(
-      lock, pool, subscription, None, termination_manager, transmission_manager,
-      expiration_manager, protocol_manager)
-
-
-def service_ingestion_manager(
-    servicer, operation_context, output_operator, lock, pool,
-    termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager,
-    protocol_manager):
-  """Creates an IngestionManager appropriate for service-side use.
-
-  The returned IngestionManager will require its set_group_and_name method to be
-  called before its advance method may be called.
-
-  Args:
-    servicer: A base.Servicer for servicing the operation.
-    operation_context: A base.OperationContext for the operation to be passed to
-      the customer.
-    output_operator: A base.Operator for the operation to be passed to the
-      customer and to be called by the customer to accept operation data output
-      by the customer.
-    lock: The operation-wide lock.
-    pool: A thread pool in which to execute customer code.
-    termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager for the operation.
-    transmission_manager: The _interfaces.TransmissionManager for the
-      operation.
-    expiration_manager: The _interfaces.ExpirationManager for the operation.
-    protocol_manager: The _interfaces.ProtocolManager for the operation.
-
-  Returns:
-    An IngestionManager appropriate for service-side use.
-  """
-  subscription_creator = _ServiceSubscriptionCreator(
-      servicer, operation_context, output_operator)
-  return _IngestionManager(
-      lock, pool, None, subscription_creator, termination_manager,
-      transmission_manager, expiration_manager, protocol_manager)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_interfaces.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_interfaces.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 63ac82f80e..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_interfaces.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,331 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Package-internal interfaces."""
-
-import abc
-
-import six
-
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-
-
-class TerminationManager(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """An object responsible for handling the termination of an operation.
-
-  Attributes:
-    outcome: None if the operation is active or a base.Outcome value if it has
-      terminated.
-  """
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def add_callback(self, callback):
-    """Registers a callback to be called on operation termination.
-
-    If the operation has already terminated the callback will not be called.
-
-    Args:
-      callback: A callable that will be passed a base.Outcome value.
-
-    Returns:
-      None if the operation has not yet terminated and the passed callback will
-        be called when it does, or a base.Outcome value describing the
-        operation termination if the operation has terminated and the callback
-        will not be called as a result of this method call.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def emission_complete(self):
-    """Indicates that emissions from customer code have completed."""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def transmission_complete(self):
-    """Indicates that transmissions to the remote end are complete.
-
-    Returns:
-      True if the operation has terminated or False if the operation remains
-        ongoing.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def reception_complete(self, code, details):
-    """Indicates that reception from the other side is complete.
-
-    Args:
-      code: An application-specific code value.
-      details: An application-specific details value.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def ingestion_complete(self):
-    """Indicates that customer code ingestion of received values is complete."""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def expire(self):
-    """Indicates that the operation must abort because it has taken too long."""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def abort(self, outcome):
-    """Indicates that the operation must abort for the indicated reason.
-
-    Args:
-      outcome: A base.Outcome indicating operation abortion.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class TransmissionManager(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """A manager responsible for transmitting to the other end of an operation."""
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def kick_off(
-      self, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata,
-      payload, completion, allowance):
-    """Transmits the values associated with operation invocation."""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def advance(self, initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance):
-    """Accepts values for transmission to the other end of the operation.
-
-    Args:
-      initial_metadata: An initial metadata value to be transmitted to the other
-        side of the operation. May only ever be non-None once.
-      payload: A payload value.
-      completion: A base.Completion value. May only ever be non-None in the last
-        transmission to be made to the other side.
-      allowance: A positive integer communicating the number of additional
-        payloads allowed to be transmitted from the other side to this side of
-        the operation, or None if no additional allowance is being granted in
-        this call.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def timeout(self, timeout):
-    """Accepts for transmission to the other side a new timeout value.
-
-    Args:
-      timeout: A positive float used as the new timeout value for the operation
-        to be transmitted to the other side.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def allowance(self, allowance):
-    """Indicates to this manager that the remote customer is allowing payloads.
-
-    Args:
-      allowance: A positive integer indicating the number of additional payloads
-        the remote customer is allowing to be transmitted from this side of the
-        operation.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def remote_complete(self):
-    """Indicates to this manager that data from the remote side is complete."""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def abort(self, outcome):
-    """Indicates that the operation has aborted.
-
-    Args:
-      outcome: A base.Outcome for the operation. If None, indicates that the
-        operation abortion should not be communicated to the other side of the
-        operation.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class ExpirationManager(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """A manager responsible for aborting the operation if it runs out of time."""
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def change_timeout(self, timeout):
-    """Changes the timeout allotted for the operation.
-
-    Operation duration is always measure from the beginning of the operation;
-    calling this method changes the operation's allotted time to timeout total
-    seconds, not timeout seconds from the time of this method call.
-
-    Args:
-      timeout: A length of time in seconds to allow for the operation.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def deadline(self):
-    """Returns the time until which the operation is allowed to run.
-
-    Returns:
-      The time (seconds since the epoch) at which the operation will expire.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def terminate(self):
-    """Indicates to this manager that the operation has terminated."""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class ProtocolManager(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """A manager of protocol-specific values passing through an operation."""
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def set_protocol_receiver(self, protocol_receiver):
-    """Registers the customer object that will receive protocol objects.
-
-    Args:
-      protocol_receiver: A base.ProtocolReceiver to which protocol objects for
-        the operation should be passed.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def accept_protocol_context(self, protocol_context):
-    """Accepts the protocol context object for the operation.
-
-    Args:
-      protocol_context: An object designated for use as the protocol context
-        of the operation, with further semantics implementation-determined.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class EmissionManager(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, base.Operator)):
-  """A manager of values emitted by customer code."""
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def advance(
-      self, initial_metadata=None, payload=None, completion=None,
-      allowance=None):
-    """Accepts a value emitted by customer code.
-
-    This method should only be called by customer code.
-
-    Args:
-      initial_metadata: An initial metadata value emitted by the local customer
-        to be sent to the other side of the operation.
-      payload: A payload value emitted by the local customer to be sent to the
-        other side of the operation.
-      completion: A Completion value emitted by the local customer to be sent to
-        the other side of the operation.
-      allowance: A positive integer indicating an additional number of payloads
-        that the local customer is willing to accept from the other side of the
-        operation.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class IngestionManager(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """A manager responsible for executing customer code.
-
-  This name of this manager comes from its responsibility to pass successive
-  values from the other side of the operation into the code of the local
-  customer.
-  """
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def set_group_and_method(self, group, method):
-    """Communicates to this IngestionManager the operation group and method.
-
-    Args:
-      group: The group identifier of the operation.
-      method: The method identifier of the operation.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def add_local_allowance(self, allowance):
-    """Communicates to this IngestionManager that more payloads may be ingested.
-
-    Args:
-      allowance: A positive integer indicating an additional number of payloads
-        that the local customer is willing to ingest.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def local_emissions_done(self):
-    """Indicates to this manager that local emissions are done."""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def advance(self, initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance):
-    """Advances the operation by passing values to the local customer."""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class ReceptionManager(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """A manager responsible for receiving tickets from the other end."""
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def receive_ticket(self, ticket):
-    """Handle a ticket from the other side of the operation.
-
-    Args:
-      ticket: A links.Ticket for the operation.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class Operation(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """An ongoing operation.
-
-  Attributes:
-    context: A base.OperationContext object for the operation.
-    operator: A base.Operator object for the operation for use by the customer
-      of the operation.
-  """
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def handle_ticket(self, ticket):
-    """Handle a ticket from the other side of the operation.
-
-    Args:
-      ticket: A links.Ticket from the other side of the operation.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def abort(self, outcome_kind):
-    """Aborts the operation.
-
-    Args:
-      outcome_kind: A base.Outcome.Kind value indicating operation abortion.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_operation.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_operation.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 020c0c9ed9..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_operation.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Implementation of operations."""
-
-import threading
-
-from grpc.framework.core import _context
-from grpc.framework.core import _emission
-from grpc.framework.core import _expiration
-from grpc.framework.core import _ingestion
-from grpc.framework.core import _interfaces
-from grpc.framework.core import _protocol
-from grpc.framework.core import _reception
-from grpc.framework.core import _termination
-from grpc.framework.core import _transmission
-from grpc.framework.core import _utilities
-
-
-class _EasyOperation(_interfaces.Operation):
-  """A trivial implementation of interfaces.Operation."""
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, lock, termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager,
-      context, operator, reception_manager):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      lock: The operation-wide lock.
-      termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager for the operation.
-      transmission_manager: The _interfaces.TransmissionManager for the
-        operation.
-      expiration_manager: The _interfaces.ExpirationManager for the operation.
-      context: A base.OperationContext for use by the customer during the
-        operation.
-      operator: A base.Operator for use by the customer during the operation.
-      reception_manager: The _interfaces.ReceptionManager for the operation.
-    """
-    self._lock = lock
-    self._termination_manager = termination_manager
-    self._transmission_manager = transmission_manager
-    self._expiration_manager = expiration_manager
-    self._reception_manager = reception_manager
-
-    self.context = context
-    self.operator = operator
-
-  def handle_ticket(self, ticket):
-    with self._lock:
-      self._reception_manager.receive_ticket(ticket)
-
-  def abort(self, outcome_kind):
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-        outcome = _utilities.Outcome(outcome_kind, None, None)
-        self._termination_manager.abort(outcome)
-        self._transmission_manager.abort(outcome)
-        self._expiration_manager.terminate()
-
-
-def invocation_operate(
-    operation_id, group, method, subscription, timeout, protocol_options,
-    initial_metadata, payload, completion, ticket_sink, termination_action,
-    pool):
-  """Constructs objects necessary for front-side operation management.
-
-  Args:
-    operation_id: An object identifying the operation.
-    group: The group identifier of the operation.
-    method: The method identifier of the operation.
-    subscription: A base.Subscription describing the customer's interest in the
-      results of the operation.
-    timeout: A length of time in seconds to allow for the operation.
-    protocol_options: A transport-specific, application-specific, and/or
-      protocol-specific value relating to the invocation. May be None.
-    initial_metadata: An initial metadata value to be sent to the other side of
-      the operation. May be None if the initial metadata will be passed later or
-      if there will be no initial metadata passed at all.
-    payload: The first payload value to be transmitted to the other side. May be
-      None if there is no such value or if the customer chose not to pass it at
-      operation invocation.
-    completion: A base.Completion value indicating the end of values passed to
-      the other side of the operation.
-    ticket_sink: A callable that accepts links.Tickets and delivers them to the
-      other side of the operation.
-    termination_action: A callable that accepts the outcome of the operation as
-      a base.Outcome value to be called on operation completion.
-    pool: A thread pool with which to do the work of the operation.
-
-  Returns:
-    An _interfaces.Operation for the operation.
-  """
-  lock = threading.Lock()
-  with lock:
-    termination_manager = _termination.invocation_termination_manager(
-        termination_action, pool)
-    transmission_manager = _transmission.TransmissionManager(
-        operation_id, ticket_sink, lock, pool, termination_manager)
-    expiration_manager = _expiration.invocation_expiration_manager(
-        timeout, lock, termination_manager, transmission_manager)
-    protocol_manager = _protocol.invocation_protocol_manager(
-        subscription, lock, pool, termination_manager, transmission_manager,
-        expiration_manager)
-    operation_context = _context.OperationContext(
-        lock, termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager)
-    emission_manager = _emission.EmissionManager(
-        lock, termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager)
-    ingestion_manager = _ingestion.invocation_ingestion_manager(
-        subscription, lock, pool, termination_manager, transmission_manager,
-        expiration_manager, protocol_manager)
-    reception_manager = _reception.ReceptionManager(
-        termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager,
-        protocol_manager, ingestion_manager)
-
-    termination_manager.set_expiration_manager(expiration_manager)
-    transmission_manager.set_expiration_manager(expiration_manager)
-    emission_manager.set_ingestion_manager(ingestion_manager)
-
-    transmission_manager.kick_off(
-        group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, payload,
-        completion, None)
-
-  return _EasyOperation(
-      lock, termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager,
-      operation_context, emission_manager, reception_manager)
-
-
-def service_operate(
-    servicer_package, ticket, ticket_sink, termination_action, pool):
-  """Constructs an Operation for service of an operation.
-
-  Args:
-    servicer_package: A _utilities.ServicerPackage to be used servicing the
-      operation.
-    ticket: The first links.Ticket received for the operation.
-    ticket_sink: A callable that accepts links.Tickets and delivers them to the
-      other side of the operation.
-    termination_action: A callable that accepts the outcome of the operation as
-      a base.Outcome value to be called on operation completion.
-    pool: A thread pool with which to do the work of the operation.
-
-  Returns:
-    An _interfaces.Operation for the operation.
-  """
-  lock = threading.Lock()
-  with lock:
-    termination_manager = _termination.service_termination_manager(
-        termination_action, pool)
-    transmission_manager = _transmission.TransmissionManager(
-        ticket.operation_id, ticket_sink, lock, pool, termination_manager)
-    expiration_manager = _expiration.service_expiration_manager(
-        ticket.timeout, servicer_package.default_timeout,
-        servicer_package.maximum_timeout, lock, termination_manager,
-        transmission_manager)
-    protocol_manager = _protocol.service_protocol_manager(
-        lock, pool, termination_manager, transmission_manager,
-        expiration_manager)
-    operation_context = _context.OperationContext(
-        lock, termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager)
-    emission_manager = _emission.EmissionManager(
-        lock, termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager)
-    ingestion_manager = _ingestion.service_ingestion_manager(
-        servicer_package.servicer, operation_context, emission_manager, lock,
-        pool, termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager,
-        protocol_manager)
-    reception_manager = _reception.ReceptionManager(
-        termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager,
-        protocol_manager, ingestion_manager)
-
-    termination_manager.set_expiration_manager(expiration_manager)
-    transmission_manager.set_expiration_manager(expiration_manager)
-    emission_manager.set_ingestion_manager(ingestion_manager)
-
-    reception_manager.receive_ticket(ticket)
-
-  return _EasyOperation(
-      lock, termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager,
-      operation_context, emission_manager, reception_manager)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_protocol.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_protocol.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 3177b5e302..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_protocol.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""State and behavior for passing protocol objects in an operation."""
-
-import collections
-import enum
-
-from grpc.framework.core import _constants
-from grpc.framework.core import _interfaces
-from grpc.framework.core import _utilities
-from grpc.framework.foundation import callable_util
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-
-_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE = 'Exception delivering protocol object!'
-
-_LOCAL_FAILURE_OUTCOME = _utilities.Outcome(
-    base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE, None, None)
-
-
-class _Awaited(
-    collections.namedtuple('_Awaited', ('kind', 'value',))):
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Kind(enum.Enum):
-    NOT_YET_ARRIVED = 'not yet arrived'
-    ARRIVED = 'arrived'
-
-_NOT_YET_ARRIVED = _Awaited(_Awaited.Kind.NOT_YET_ARRIVED, None)
-_ARRIVED_AND_NONE = _Awaited(_Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED, None)
-
-
-class _Transitory(
-    collections.namedtuple('_Transitory', ('kind', 'value',))):
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Kind(enum.Enum):
-    NOT_YET_SEEN = 'not yet seen'
-    PRESENT = 'present'
-    GONE = 'gone'
-
-_NOT_YET_SEEN = _Transitory(_Transitory.Kind.NOT_YET_SEEN, None)
-_GONE = _Transitory(_Transitory.Kind.GONE, None)
-
-
-class _ProtocolManager(_interfaces.ProtocolManager):
-  """An implementation of _interfaces.ExpirationManager."""
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, protocol_receiver, lock, pool, termination_manager,
-      transmission_manager, expiration_manager):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      protocol_receiver: An _Awaited wrapping of the base.ProtocolReceiver to
-        which protocol objects should be passed during the operation. May be
-        of kind _Awaited.Kind.NOT_YET_ARRIVED if the customer's subscription is
-        not yet known and may be of kind _Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED but with a value
-        of None if the customer's subscription did not include a
-        ProtocolReceiver.
-      lock: The operation-wide lock.
-      pool: A thread pool.
-      termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager for the operation.
-      transmission_manager: The _interfaces.TransmissionManager for the
-        operation.
-      expiration_manager: The _interfaces.ExpirationManager for the operation.
-    """
-    self._lock = lock
-    self._pool = pool
-    self._termination_manager = termination_manager
-    self._transmission_manager = transmission_manager
-    self._expiration_manager = expiration_manager
-
-    self._protocol_receiver = protocol_receiver
-    self._context = _NOT_YET_SEEN
-
-  def _abort_and_notify(self, outcome):
-    if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-      self._termination_manager.abort(outcome)
-      self._transmission_manager.abort(outcome)
-      self._expiration_manager.terminate()
-
-  def _deliver(self, behavior, value):
-    def deliver():
-      delivery_outcome = callable_util.call_logging_exceptions(
-          behavior, _EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE, value)
-      if delivery_outcome.kind is callable_util.Outcome.Kind.RAISED:
-        with self._lock:
-          self._abort_and_notify(_LOCAL_FAILURE_OUTCOME)
-    self._pool.submit(
-        callable_util.with_exceptions_logged(
-            deliver, _constants.INTERNAL_ERROR_LOG_MESSAGE))
-
-  def set_protocol_receiver(self, protocol_receiver):
-    """See _interfaces.ProtocolManager.set_protocol_receiver for spec."""
-    self._protocol_receiver = _Awaited(_Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED, protocol_receiver)
-    if (self._context.kind is _Transitory.Kind.PRESENT and
-        protocol_receiver is not None):
-      self._deliver(protocol_receiver.context, self._context.value)
-      self._context = _GONE
-
-  def accept_protocol_context(self, protocol_context):
-    """See _interfaces.ProtocolManager.accept_protocol_context for spec."""
-    if self._protocol_receiver.kind is _Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED:
-      if self._protocol_receiver.value is not None:
-        self._deliver(self._protocol_receiver.value.context, protocol_context)
-      self._context = _GONE
-    else:
-      self._context = _Transitory(_Transitory.Kind.PRESENT, protocol_context)
-
-
-def invocation_protocol_manager(
-    subscription, lock, pool, termination_manager, transmission_manager,
-    expiration_manager):
-  """Creates an _interfaces.ProtocolManager for invocation-side use.
-
-  Args:
-    subscription: The local customer's subscription to the operation.
-    lock: The operation-wide lock.
-    pool: A thread pool.
-    termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager for the operation.
-    transmission_manager: The _interfaces.TransmissionManager for the
-      operation.
-    expiration_manager: The _interfaces.ExpirationManager for the operation.
-  """
-  if subscription.kind is base.Subscription.Kind.FULL:
-    awaited_protocol_receiver = _Awaited(
-        _Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED, subscription.protocol_receiver)
-  else:
-    awaited_protocol_receiver = _ARRIVED_AND_NONE
-  return _ProtocolManager(
-      awaited_protocol_receiver, lock, pool, termination_manager,
-      transmission_manager, expiration_manager)
-
-
-def service_protocol_manager(
-    lock, pool, termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager):
-  """Creates an _interfaces.ProtocolManager for service-side use.
-
-  Args:
-    lock: The operation-wide lock.
-    pool: A thread pool.
-    termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager for the operation.
-    transmission_manager: The _interfaces.TransmissionManager for the
-      operation.
-    expiration_manager: The _interfaces.ExpirationManager for the operation.
-  """
-  return _ProtocolManager(
-      _NOT_YET_ARRIVED, lock, pool, termination_manager, transmission_manager,
-      expiration_manager)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_reception.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_reception.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ff81450dee..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_reception.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""State and behavior for ticket reception."""
-
-from grpc.framework.core import _interfaces
-from grpc.framework.core import _utilities
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import utilities
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-
-_REMOTE_TICKET_TERMINATION_TO_LOCAL_OUTCOME_KIND = {
-    links.Ticket.Termination.CANCELLATION: base.Outcome.Kind.CANCELLED,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.EXPIRATION: base.Outcome.Kind.EXPIRED,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.SHUTDOWN: base.Outcome.Kind.REMOTE_SHUTDOWN,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.RECEPTION_FAILURE:
-        base.Outcome.Kind.RECEPTION_FAILURE,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.TRANSMISSION_FAILURE:
-        base.Outcome.Kind.TRANSMISSION_FAILURE,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.LOCAL_FAILURE: base.Outcome.Kind.REMOTE_FAILURE,
-    links.Ticket.Termination.REMOTE_FAILURE: base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE,
-}
-
-_RECEPTION_FAILURE_OUTCOME = _utilities.Outcome(
-    base.Outcome.Kind.RECEPTION_FAILURE, None, None)
-
-
-def _carrying_protocol_context(ticket):
-  return ticket.protocol is not None and ticket.protocol.kind in (
-      links.Protocol.Kind.INVOCATION_CONTEXT,
-      links.Protocol.Kind.SERVICER_CONTEXT,)
-
-
-class ReceptionManager(_interfaces.ReceptionManager):
-  """A ReceptionManager based around a _Receiver passed to it."""
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, termination_manager, transmission_manager, expiration_manager,
-      protocol_manager, ingestion_manager):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      termination_manager: The operation's _interfaces.TerminationManager.
-      transmission_manager: The operation's _interfaces.TransmissionManager.
-      expiration_manager: The operation's _interfaces.ExpirationManager.
-      protocol_manager: The operation's _interfaces.ProtocolManager.
-      ingestion_manager: The operation's _interfaces.IngestionManager.
-    """
-    self._termination_manager = termination_manager
-    self._transmission_manager = transmission_manager
-    self._expiration_manager = expiration_manager
-    self._protocol_manager = protocol_manager
-    self._ingestion_manager = ingestion_manager
-
-    self._lowest_unseen_sequence_number = 0
-    self._out_of_sequence_tickets = {}
-    self._aborted = False
-
-  def _abort(self, outcome):
-    self._aborted = True
-    if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-      self._termination_manager.abort(outcome)
-      self._transmission_manager.abort(None)
-      self._expiration_manager.terminate()
-
-  def _sequence_failure(self, ticket):
-    """Determines a just-arrived ticket's sequential legitimacy.
-
-    Args:
-      ticket: A just-arrived ticket.
-
-    Returns:
-      True if the ticket is sequentially legitimate; False otherwise.
-    """
-    if ticket.sequence_number < self._lowest_unseen_sequence_number:
-      return True
-    elif ticket.sequence_number in self._out_of_sequence_tickets:
-      return True
-    else:
-      return False
-
-  def _process_one(self, ticket):
-    if ticket.sequence_number == 0:
-      self._ingestion_manager.set_group_and_method(ticket.group, ticket.method)
-      if _carrying_protocol_context(ticket):
-        self._protocol_manager.accept_protocol_context(ticket.protocol.value)
-      else:
-        self._protocol_manager.accept_protocol_context(None)
-    if ticket.timeout is not None:
-      self._expiration_manager.change_timeout(ticket.timeout)
-    if ticket.termination is None:
-      completion = None
-    else:
-      completion = utilities.completion(
-          ticket.terminal_metadata, ticket.code, ticket.message)
-      self._termination_manager.reception_complete(ticket.code, ticket.message)
-    self._ingestion_manager.advance(
-        ticket.initial_metadata, ticket.payload, completion, ticket.allowance)
-    if ticket.allowance is not None:
-      self._transmission_manager.allowance(ticket.allowance)
-
-  def _process(self, ticket):
-    """Process those tickets ready to be processed.
-
-    Args:
-      ticket: A just-arrived ticket the sequence number of which matches this
-        _ReceptionManager's _lowest_unseen_sequence_number field.
-    """
-    while True:
-      self._process_one(ticket)
-      next_ticket = self._out_of_sequence_tickets.pop(
-          ticket.sequence_number + 1, None)
-      if next_ticket is None:
-        self._lowest_unseen_sequence_number = ticket.sequence_number + 1
-        return
-      else:
-        ticket = next_ticket
-
-  def receive_ticket(self, ticket):
-    """See _interfaces.ReceptionManager.receive_ticket for specification."""
-    if self._aborted:
-      return
-    elif self._sequence_failure(ticket):
-      self._abort(_RECEPTION_FAILURE_OUTCOME)
-    elif ticket.termination not in (None, links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION):
-      outcome_kind = _REMOTE_TICKET_TERMINATION_TO_LOCAL_OUTCOME_KIND[
-          ticket.termination]
-      self._abort(
-          _utilities.Outcome(outcome_kind, ticket.code, ticket.message))
-    elif ticket.sequence_number == self._lowest_unseen_sequence_number:
-      self._process(ticket)
-    else:
-      self._out_of_sequence_tickets[ticket.sequence_number] = ticket
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_termination.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_termination.py
deleted file mode 100644
index fff3a3fc14..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_termination.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,229 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""State and behavior for operation termination."""
-
-import abc
-
-import six
-
-from grpc.framework.core import _constants
-from grpc.framework.core import _interfaces
-from grpc.framework.core import _utilities
-from grpc.framework.foundation import callable_util
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-
-
-def _invocation_completion_predicate(
-    unused_emission_complete, unused_transmission_complete,
-    unused_reception_complete, ingestion_complete):
-  return ingestion_complete
-
-
-def _service_completion_predicate(
-    unused_emission_complete, transmission_complete, unused_reception_complete,
-    ingestion_complete):
-  return transmission_complete and ingestion_complete
-
-
-class TerminationManager(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, _interfaces.TerminationManager)):
-  """A _interfaces.TransmissionManager on which another manager may be set."""
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def set_expiration_manager(self, expiration_manager):
-    """Sets the expiration manager with which this manager will interact.
-
-    Args:
-      expiration_manager: The _interfaces.ExpirationManager associated with the
-        current operation.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class _TerminationManager(TerminationManager):
-  """An implementation of TerminationManager."""
-
-  def __init__(self, predicate, action, pool):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      predicate: One of _invocation_completion_predicate or
-        _service_completion_predicate to be used to determine when the operation
-        has completed.
-      action: A behavior to pass the operation outcome's kind on operation
-        termination.
-      pool: A thread pool.
-    """
-    self._predicate = predicate
-    self._action = action
-    self._pool = pool
-    self._expiration_manager = None
-
-    self._callbacks = []
-
-    self._code = None
-    self._details = None
-    self._emission_complete = False
-    self._transmission_complete = False
-    self._reception_complete = False
-    self._ingestion_complete = False
-
-    # The None-ness of outcome is the operation-wide record of whether and how
-    # the operation has terminated.
-    self.outcome = None
-
-  def set_expiration_manager(self, expiration_manager):
-    self._expiration_manager = expiration_manager
-
-  def _terminate_internal_only(self, outcome):
-    """Terminates the operation.
-
-    Args:
-      outcome: A base.Outcome describing the outcome of the operation.
-    """
-    self.outcome = outcome
-    callbacks = list(self._callbacks)
-    self._callbacks = None
-
-    act = callable_util.with_exceptions_logged(
-        self._action, _constants.INTERNAL_ERROR_LOG_MESSAGE)
-
-    # TODO(issue 3202): Don't call the local application's callbacks if it has
-    # previously shown a programming defect.
-    if False and outcome.kind is base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE:
-      self._pool.submit(act, base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE)
-    else:
-      def call_callbacks_and_act(callbacks, outcome):
-        for callback in callbacks:
-          callback_outcome = callable_util.call_logging_exceptions(
-              callback, _constants.TERMINATION_CALLBACK_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE,
-              outcome)
-          if callback_outcome.exception is not None:
-            act_outcome_kind = base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE
-            break
-        else:
-          act_outcome_kind = outcome.kind
-        act(act_outcome_kind)
-
-      self._pool.submit(
-          callable_util.with_exceptions_logged(
-              call_callbacks_and_act, _constants.INTERNAL_ERROR_LOG_MESSAGE),
-          callbacks, outcome)
-
-  def _terminate_and_notify(self, outcome):
-    self._terminate_internal_only(outcome)
-    self._expiration_manager.terminate()
-
-  def _perhaps_complete(self):
-    if self._predicate(
-        self._emission_complete, self._transmission_complete,
-        self._reception_complete, self._ingestion_complete):
-      self._terminate_and_notify(
-          _utilities.Outcome(
-              base.Outcome.Kind.COMPLETED, self._code, self._details))
-      return True
-    else:
-      return False
-
-  def is_active(self):
-    """See _interfaces.TerminationManager.is_active for specification."""
-    return self.outcome is None
-
-  def add_callback(self, callback):
-    """See _interfaces.TerminationManager.add_callback for specification."""
-    if self.outcome is None:
-      self._callbacks.append(callback)
-      return None
-    else:
-      return self.outcome
-
-  def emission_complete(self):
-    """See superclass method for specification."""
-    if self.outcome is None:
-      self._emission_complete = True
-      self._perhaps_complete()
-
-  def transmission_complete(self):
-    """See superclass method for specification."""
-    if self.outcome is None:
-      self._transmission_complete = True
-      return self._perhaps_complete()
-    else:
-      return False
-
-  def reception_complete(self, code, details):
-    """See superclass method for specification."""
-    if self.outcome is None:
-      self._reception_complete = True
-      self._code = code
-      self._details = details
-      self._perhaps_complete()
-
-  def ingestion_complete(self):
-    """See superclass method for specification."""
-    if self.outcome is None:
-      self._ingestion_complete = True
-      self._perhaps_complete()
-
-  def expire(self):
-    """See _interfaces.TerminationManager.expire for specification."""
-    self._terminate_internal_only(
-        _utilities.Outcome(base.Outcome.Kind.EXPIRED, None, None))
-
-  def abort(self, outcome):
-    """See _interfaces.TerminationManager.abort for specification."""
-    self._terminate_and_notify(outcome)
-
-
-def invocation_termination_manager(action, pool):
-  """Creates a TerminationManager appropriate for invocation-side use.
-
-  Args:
-    action: An action to call on operation termination.
-    pool: A thread pool in which to execute the passed action and any
-      termination callbacks that are registered during the operation.
-
-  Returns:
-    A TerminationManager appropriate for invocation-side use.
-  """
-  return _TerminationManager(_invocation_completion_predicate, action, pool)
-
-
-def service_termination_manager(action, pool):
-  """Creates a TerminationManager appropriate for service-side use.
-
-  Args:
-    action: An action to call on operation termination.
-    pool: A thread pool in which to execute the passed action and any
-      termination callbacks that are registered during the operation.
-
-  Returns:
-    A TerminationManager appropriate for service-side use.
-  """
-  return _TerminationManager(_service_completion_predicate, action, pool)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_transmission.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_transmission.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 65b12c4160..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_transmission.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,335 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""State and behavior for ticket transmission during an operation."""
-
-import collections
-import enum
-
-from grpc.framework.core import _constants
-from grpc.framework.core import _interfaces
-from grpc.framework.core import _utilities
-from grpc.framework.foundation import callable_util
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-
-_TRANSMISSION_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE = 'Exception during transmission!'
-
-_TRANSMISSION_FAILURE_OUTCOME = _utilities.Outcome(
-    base.Outcome.Kind.TRANSMISSION_FAILURE, None, None)
-
-
-def _explode_completion(completion):
-  if completion is None:
-    return None, None, None, None
-  else:
-    return (
-        completion.terminal_metadata, completion.code, completion.message,
-        links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION)
-
-
-class _Abort(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        '_Abort', ('kind', 'termination', 'code', 'details',))):
-  """Tracks whether the operation aborted and what is to be done about it.
-
-  Attributes:
-    kind: A Kind value describing the overall kind of the _Abort.
-    termination: A links.Ticket.Termination value to be sent to the other side
-      of the operation. Only valid if kind is Kind.ABORTED_NOTIFY_NEEDED.
-    code: A code value to be sent to the other side of the operation. Only
-      valid if kind is Kind.ABORTED_NOTIFY_NEEDED.
-    details: A details value to be sent to the other side of the operation.
-      Only valid if kind is Kind.ABORTED_NOTIFY_NEEDED.
-  """
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Kind(enum.Enum):
-    NOT_ABORTED = 'not aborted'
-    ABORTED_NOTIFY_NEEDED = 'aborted notify needed'
-    ABORTED_NO_NOTIFY = 'aborted no notify'
-
-_NOT_ABORTED = _Abort(_Abort.Kind.NOT_ABORTED, None, None, None)
-_ABORTED_NO_NOTIFY = _Abort(_Abort.Kind.ABORTED_NO_NOTIFY, None, None, None)
-
-
-class TransmissionManager(_interfaces.TransmissionManager):
-  """An _interfaces.TransmissionManager that sends links.Tickets."""
-
-  def __init__(
-      self, operation_id, ticket_sink, lock, pool, termination_manager):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      operation_id: The operation's ID.
-      ticket_sink: A callable that accepts tickets and sends them to the other
-        side of the operation.
-      lock: The operation-servicing-wide lock object.
-      pool: A thread pool in which the work of transmitting tickets will be
-        performed.
-      termination_manager: The _interfaces.TerminationManager associated with
-        this operation.
-    """
-    self._lock = lock
-    self._pool = pool
-    self._ticket_sink = ticket_sink
-    self._operation_id = operation_id
-    self._termination_manager = termination_manager
-    self._expiration_manager = None
-
-    self._lowest_unused_sequence_number = 0
-    self._remote_allowance = 1
-    self._remote_complete = False
-    self._timeout = None
-    self._local_allowance = 0
-    self._initial_metadata = None
-    self._payloads = []
-    self._completion = None
-    self._abort = _NOT_ABORTED
-    self._transmitting = False
-
-  def set_expiration_manager(self, expiration_manager):
-    """Sets the ExpirationManager with which this manager will cooperate."""
-    self._expiration_manager = expiration_manager
-
-  def _next_ticket(self):
-    """Creates the next ticket to be transmitted.
-
-    Returns:
-      A links.Ticket to be sent to the other side of the operation or None if
-        there is nothing to be sent at this time.
-    """
-    if self._abort.kind is _Abort.Kind.ABORTED_NO_NOTIFY:
-      return None
-    elif self._abort.kind is _Abort.Kind.ABORTED_NOTIFY_NEEDED:
-      termination = self._abort.termination
-      code, details = self._abort.code, self._abort.details
-      self._abort = _ABORTED_NO_NOTIFY
-      return links.Ticket(
-          self._operation_id, self._lowest_unused_sequence_number, None, None,
-          None, None, None, None, None, None, code, details, termination, None)
-
-    action = False
-    # TODO(nathaniel): Support other subscriptions.
-    local_subscription = links.Ticket.Subscription.FULL
-    timeout = self._timeout
-    if timeout is not None:
-      self._timeout = None
-      action = True
-    if self._local_allowance <= 0:
-      allowance = None
-    else:
-      allowance = self._local_allowance
-      self._local_allowance = 0
-      action = True
-    initial_metadata = self._initial_metadata
-    if initial_metadata is not None:
-      self._initial_metadata = None
-      action = True
-    if not self._payloads or self._remote_allowance <= 0:
-      payload = None
-    else:
-      payload = self._payloads.pop(0)
-      self._remote_allowance -= 1
-      action = True
-    if self._completion is None or self._payloads:
-      terminal_metadata, code, message, termination = None, None, None, None
-    else:
-      terminal_metadata, code, message, termination = _explode_completion(
-          self._completion)
-      self._completion = None
-      action = True
-
-    if action:
-      ticket = links.Ticket(
-          self._operation_id, self._lowest_unused_sequence_number, None, None,
-          local_subscription, timeout, allowance, initial_metadata, payload,
-          terminal_metadata, code, message, termination, None)
-      self._lowest_unused_sequence_number += 1
-      return ticket
-    else:
-      return None
-
-  def _transmit(self, ticket):
-    """Commences the transmission loop sending tickets.
-
-    Args:
-      ticket: A links.Ticket to be sent to the other side of the operation.
-    """
-    def transmit(ticket):
-      while True:
-        transmission_outcome = callable_util.call_logging_exceptions(
-            self._ticket_sink, _TRANSMISSION_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE, ticket)
-        if transmission_outcome.exception is None:
-          with self._lock:
-            if ticket.termination is links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION:
-              self._termination_manager.transmission_complete()
-            ticket = self._next_ticket()
-            if ticket is None:
-              self._transmitting = False
-              return
-        else:
-          with self._lock:
-            self._abort = _ABORTED_NO_NOTIFY
-            if self._termination_manager.outcome is None:
-              self._termination_manager.abort(_TRANSMISSION_FAILURE_OUTCOME)
-              self._expiration_manager.terminate()
-            return
-
-    self._pool.submit(callable_util.with_exceptions_logged(
-        transmit, _constants.INTERNAL_ERROR_LOG_MESSAGE), ticket)
-    self._transmitting = True
-
-  def kick_off(
-      self, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata,
-      payload, completion, allowance):
-    """See _interfaces.TransmissionManager.kickoff for specification."""
-    # TODO(nathaniel): Support other subscriptions.
-    subscription = links.Ticket.Subscription.FULL
-    terminal_metadata, code, message, termination = _explode_completion(
-        completion)
-    self._remote_allowance = 1 if payload is None else 0
-    protocol = links.Protocol(links.Protocol.Kind.CALL_OPTION, protocol_options)
-    ticket = links.Ticket(
-        self._operation_id, 0, group, method, subscription, timeout, allowance,
-        initial_metadata, payload, terminal_metadata, code, message,
-        termination, protocol)
-    self._lowest_unused_sequence_number = 1
-    self._transmit(ticket)
-
-  def advance(self, initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance):
-    """See _interfaces.TransmissionManager.advance for specification."""
-    if self._abort.kind is not _Abort.Kind.NOT_ABORTED:
-      return
-
-    effective_initial_metadata = initial_metadata
-    effective_payload = payload
-    effective_completion = completion
-    if allowance is not None and not self._remote_complete:
-      effective_allowance = allowance
-    else:
-      effective_allowance = None
-    if self._transmitting:
-      if effective_initial_metadata is not None:
-        self._initial_metadata = effective_initial_metadata
-      if effective_payload is not None:
-        self._payloads.append(effective_payload)
-      if effective_completion is not None:
-        self._completion = effective_completion
-      if effective_allowance is not None:
-        self._local_allowance += effective_allowance
-    else:
-      if effective_payload is not None:
-        if 0 < self._remote_allowance:
-          ticket_payload = effective_payload
-          self._remote_allowance -= 1
-        else:
-          self._payloads.append(effective_payload)
-          ticket_payload = None
-      else:
-        ticket_payload = None
-      if effective_completion is not None and not self._payloads:
-        ticket_completion = effective_completion
-      else:
-        self._completion = effective_completion
-        ticket_completion = None
-      if any(
-          (effective_initial_metadata, ticket_payload, ticket_completion,
-           effective_allowance)):
-        terminal_metadata, code, message, termination = _explode_completion(
-            completion)
-        ticket = links.Ticket(
-            self._operation_id, self._lowest_unused_sequence_number, None, None,
-            None, None, allowance, effective_initial_metadata, ticket_payload,
-            terminal_metadata, code, message, termination, None)
-        self._lowest_unused_sequence_number += 1
-        self._transmit(ticket)
-
-  def timeout(self, timeout):
-    """See _interfaces.TransmissionManager.timeout for specification."""
-    if self._abort.kind is not _Abort.Kind.NOT_ABORTED:
-      return
-    elif self._transmitting:
-      self._timeout = timeout
-    else:
-      ticket = links.Ticket(
-          self._operation_id, self._lowest_unused_sequence_number, None, None,
-          None, timeout, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None)
-      self._lowest_unused_sequence_number += 1
-      self._transmit(ticket)
-
-  def allowance(self, allowance):
-    """See _interfaces.TransmissionManager.allowance for specification."""
-    if self._abort.kind is not _Abort.Kind.NOT_ABORTED:
-      return
-    elif self._transmitting or not self._payloads:
-      self._remote_allowance += allowance
-    else:
-      self._remote_allowance += allowance - 1
-      payload = self._payloads.pop(0)
-      if self._payloads:
-        completion = None
-      else:
-        completion = self._completion
-        self._completion = None
-      terminal_metadata, code, message, termination = _explode_completion(
-          completion)
-      ticket = links.Ticket(
-          self._operation_id, self._lowest_unused_sequence_number, None, None,
-          None, None, None, None, payload, terminal_metadata, code, message,
-          termination, None)
-      self._lowest_unused_sequence_number += 1
-      self._transmit(ticket)
-
-  def remote_complete(self):
-    """See _interfaces.TransmissionManager.remote_complete for specification."""
-    self._remote_complete = True
-    self._local_allowance = 0
-
-  def abort(self, outcome):
-    """See _interfaces.TransmissionManager.abort for specification."""
-    if self._abort.kind is _Abort.Kind.NOT_ABORTED:
-      if outcome is None:
-        self._abort = _ABORTED_NO_NOTIFY
-      else:
-        termination = _constants.ABORTION_OUTCOME_TO_TICKET_TERMINATION.get(
-            outcome.kind)
-        if termination is None:
-          self._abort = _ABORTED_NO_NOTIFY
-        elif self._transmitting:
-          self._abort = _Abort(
-              _Abort.Kind.ABORTED_NOTIFY_NEEDED, termination, outcome.code,
-              outcome.details)
-        else:
-          ticket = links.Ticket(
-              self._operation_id, self._lowest_unused_sequence_number, None,
-              None, None, None, None, None, None, None, outcome.code,
-              outcome.details, termination, None)
-          self._transmit(ticket)
-          self._abort = _ABORTED_NO_NOTIFY
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_utilities.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_utilities.py
deleted file mode 100644
index abedc727e4..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/_utilities.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Package-internal utilities."""
-
-import collections
-
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-
-
-class ServicerPackage(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        'ServicerPackage', ('servicer', 'default_timeout', 'maximum_timeout'))):
-  """A trivial bundle class.
-
-  Attributes:
-    servicer: A base.Servicer.
-    default_timeout: A float indicating the length of time in seconds to allow
-      for an operation invoked without a timeout.
-    maximum_timeout: A float indicating the maximum length of time in seconds to
-      allow for an operation.
-  """
-
-
-class Outcome(
-    base.Outcome,
-    collections.namedtuple('Outcome', ('kind', 'code', 'details',))):
-  """A trivial implementation of base.Outcome."""
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/implementations.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/implementations.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 364a7faed4..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/implementations.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Entry points into the ticket-exchange-based base layer implementation."""
-
-# base and links are referenced from specification in this module.
-from grpc.framework.core import _end
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-
-
-def invocation_end_link():
-  """Creates a base.End-links.Link suitable for operation invocation.
-
-  Returns:
-    An object that is both a base.End and a links.Link, that supports operation
-      invocation, and that translates operation invocation into ticket exchange.
-  """
-  return _end.serviceless_end_link()
-
-
-def service_end_link(servicer, default_timeout, maximum_timeout):
-  """Creates a base.End-links.Link suitable for operation service.
-
-  Args:
-    servicer: A base.Servicer for servicing operations.
-    default_timeout: A length of time in seconds to be used as the default
-      time alloted for a single operation.
-    maximum_timeout: A length of time in seconds to be used as the maximum
-      time alloted for a single operation.
-
-  Returns:
-    An object that is both a base.End and a links.Link and that services
-      operations that arrive at it through ticket exchange.
-  """
-  return _end.serviceful_end_link(servicer, default_timeout, maximum_timeout)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/_calls.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/_calls.py
deleted file mode 100644
index bff940d747..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/_calls.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,223 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Utility functions for invoking RPCs."""
-
-from grpc.framework.crust import _control
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import utilities
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
-
-_ITERATOR_EXCEPTION_LOG_MESSAGE = 'Exception iterating over requests!'
-
-_EMPTY_COMPLETION = utilities.completion(None, None, None)
-
-
-def _invoke(
-    end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, payload,
-    complete):
-  rendezvous = _control.Rendezvous(None, None)
-  subscription = utilities.full_subscription(
-      rendezvous, _control.protocol_receiver(rendezvous))
-  operation_context, operator = end.operate(
-      group, method, subscription, timeout, protocol_options=protocol_options,
-      initial_metadata=initial_metadata, payload=payload,
-      completion=_EMPTY_COMPLETION if complete else None)
-  rendezvous.set_operator_and_context(operator, operation_context)
-  outcome = operation_context.add_termination_callback(rendezvous.set_outcome)
-  if outcome is not None:
-    rendezvous.set_outcome(outcome)
-  return rendezvous, operation_context, outcome
-
-
-def _event_return_unary(
-    receiver, abortion_callback, rendezvous, operation_context, outcome, pool):
-  if outcome is None:
-    def in_pool():
-      abortion = rendezvous.add_abortion_callback(abortion_callback)
-      if abortion is None:
-        try:
-          receiver.initial_metadata(rendezvous.initial_metadata())
-          receiver.response(next(rendezvous))
-          receiver.complete(
-              rendezvous.terminal_metadata(), rendezvous.code(),
-              rendezvous.details())
-        except face.AbortionError:
-          pass
-      else:
-        abortion_callback(abortion)
-    pool.submit(_control.pool_wrap(in_pool, operation_context))
-  return rendezvous
-
-
-def _event_return_stream(
-    receiver, abortion_callback, rendezvous, operation_context, outcome, pool):
-  if outcome is None:
-    def in_pool():
-      abortion = rendezvous.add_abortion_callback(abortion_callback)
-      if abortion is None:
-        try:
-          receiver.initial_metadata(rendezvous.initial_metadata())
-          for response in rendezvous:
-            receiver.response(response)
-          receiver.complete(
-              rendezvous.terminal_metadata(), rendezvous.code(),
-              rendezvous.details())
-        except face.AbortionError:
-          pass
-      else:
-        abortion_callback(abortion)
-    pool.submit(_control.pool_wrap(in_pool, operation_context))
-  return rendezvous
-
-
-def blocking_unary_unary(
-    end, group, method, timeout, with_call, protocol_options, initial_metadata,
-    payload):
-  """Services in a blocking fashion a unary-unary servicer method."""
-  rendezvous, unused_operation_context, unused_outcome = _invoke(
-      end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, payload,
-      True)
-  if with_call:
-    return next(rendezvous), rendezvous
-  else:
-    return next(rendezvous)
-
-
-def future_unary_unary(
-    end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, payload):
-  """Services a value-in value-out servicer method by returning a Future."""
-  rendezvous, unused_operation_context, unused_outcome = _invoke(
-      end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, payload,
-      True)
-  return rendezvous
-
-
-def inline_unary_stream(
-    end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, payload):
-  """Services a value-in stream-out servicer method."""
-  rendezvous, unused_operation_context, unused_outcome = _invoke(
-      end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, payload,
-      True)
-  return rendezvous
-
-
-def blocking_stream_unary(
-    end, group, method, timeout, with_call, protocol_options, initial_metadata,
-    payload_iterator, pool):
-  """Services in a blocking fashion a stream-in value-out servicer method."""
-  rendezvous, operation_context, outcome = _invoke(
-      end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, None,
-      False)
-  if outcome is None:
-    def in_pool():
-      for payload in payload_iterator:
-        rendezvous.consume(payload)
-      rendezvous.terminate()
-    pool.submit(_control.pool_wrap(in_pool, operation_context))
-    if with_call:
-      return next(rendezvous), rendezvous
-    else:
-      return next(rendezvous)
-  else:
-    if with_call:
-      return next(rendezvous), rendezvous
-    else:
-      return next(rendezvous)
-
-
-def future_stream_unary(
-    end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata,
-    payload_iterator, pool):
-  """Services a stream-in value-out servicer method by returning a Future."""
-  rendezvous, operation_context, outcome = _invoke(
-      end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, None,
-      False)
-  if outcome is None:
-    def in_pool():
-      for payload in payload_iterator:
-        rendezvous.consume(payload)
-      rendezvous.terminate()
-    pool.submit(_control.pool_wrap(in_pool, operation_context))
-  return rendezvous
-
-
-def inline_stream_stream(
-    end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata,
-    payload_iterator, pool):
-  """Services a stream-in stream-out servicer method."""
-  rendezvous, operation_context, outcome = _invoke(
-      end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, None,
-      False)
-  if outcome is None:
-    def in_pool():
-      for payload in payload_iterator:
-        rendezvous.consume(payload)
-      rendezvous.terminate()
-    pool.submit(_control.pool_wrap(in_pool, operation_context))
-  return rendezvous
-
-
-def event_unary_unary(
-    end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, payload,
-    receiver, abortion_callback, pool):
-  rendezvous, operation_context, outcome = _invoke(
-      end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, payload,
-      True)
-  return _event_return_unary(
-      receiver, abortion_callback, rendezvous, operation_context, outcome, pool)
-
-
-def event_unary_stream(
-    end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, payload,
-    receiver, abortion_callback, pool):
-  rendezvous, operation_context, outcome = _invoke(
-      end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, payload,
-      True)
-  return _event_return_stream(
-      receiver, abortion_callback, rendezvous, operation_context, outcome, pool)
-
-
-def event_stream_unary(
-    end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, receiver,
-    abortion_callback, pool):
-  rendezvous, operation_context, outcome = _invoke(
-      end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, None,
-      False)
-  return _event_return_unary(
-      receiver, abortion_callback, rendezvous, operation_context, outcome, pool)
-
-
-def event_stream_stream(
-    end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, receiver,
-    abortion_callback, pool):
-  rendezvous, operation_context, outcome = _invoke(
-      end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, initial_metadata, None,
-      False)
-  return _event_return_stream(
-      receiver, abortion_callback, rendezvous, operation_context, outcome, pool)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/_control.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/_control.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b4167bda0..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/_control.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,584 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""State and behavior for translating between sync and async control flow."""
-
-import collections
-import enum
-import sys
-import threading
-import time
-
-from grpc.framework.foundation import abandonment
-from grpc.framework.foundation import callable_util
-from grpc.framework.foundation import future
-from grpc.framework.foundation import stream
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import utilities
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
-
-_DONE_CALLBACK_LOG_MESSAGE = 'Exception calling Future "done" callback!'
-_INTERNAL_ERROR_LOG_MESSAGE = ':-( RPC Framework (Crust) Internal Error! )-:'
-
-_CANNOT_SET_INITIAL_METADATA = (
-    'Could not set initial metadata - has it already been set, or has a ' +
-    'payload already been sent?')
-_CANNOT_SET_TERMINAL_METADATA = (
-    'Could not set terminal metadata - has it already been set, or has RPC ' +
-    'completion already been indicated?')
-_CANNOT_SET_CODE = (
-    'Could not set code - has it already been set, or has RPC completion ' +
-    'already been indicated?')
-_CANNOT_SET_DETAILS = (
-    'Could not set details - has it already been set, or has RPC completion ' +
-    'already been indicated?')
-
-
-class _DummyOperator(base.Operator):
-
-  def advance(
-      self, initial_metadata=None, payload=None, completion=None,
-      allowance=None):
-    pass
-
-_DUMMY_OPERATOR = _DummyOperator()
-
-
-class _Awaited(
-    collections.namedtuple('_Awaited', ('kind', 'value',))):
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Kind(enum.Enum):
-    NOT_YET_ARRIVED = 'not yet arrived'
-    ARRIVED = 'arrived'
-
-_NOT_YET_ARRIVED = _Awaited(_Awaited.Kind.NOT_YET_ARRIVED, None)
-_ARRIVED_AND_NONE = _Awaited(_Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED, None)
-
-
-class _Transitory(
-    collections.namedtuple('_Transitory', ('kind', 'value',))):
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Kind(enum.Enum):
-    NOT_YET_SEEN = 'not yet seen'
-    PRESENT = 'present'
-    GONE = 'gone'
-
-_NOT_YET_SEEN = _Transitory(_Transitory.Kind.NOT_YET_SEEN, None)
-_GONE = _Transitory(_Transitory.Kind.GONE, None)
-
-
-class _Termination(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        '_Termination', ('terminated', 'abortion', 'abortion_error',))):
-  """Values indicating whether and how an RPC has terminated.
-
-  Attributes:
-    terminated: A boolean indicating whether or not the RPC has terminated.
-    abortion: A face.Abortion value describing the RPC's abortion or None if the
-      RPC did not abort.
-    abortion_error: A face.AbortionError describing the RPC's abortion or None
-      if the RPC did not abort.
-  """
-
-_NOT_TERMINATED = _Termination(False, None, None)
-
-_OPERATION_OUTCOME_KIND_TO_TERMINATION_CONSTRUCTOR = {
-    base.Outcome.Kind.COMPLETED: lambda *unused_args: _Termination(
-        True, None, None),
-    base.Outcome.Kind.CANCELLED: lambda *args: _Termination(
-        True, face.Abortion(face.Abortion.Kind.CANCELLED, *args),
-        face.CancellationError(*args)),
-    base.Outcome.Kind.EXPIRED: lambda *args: _Termination(
-        True, face.Abortion(face.Abortion.Kind.EXPIRED, *args),
-        face.ExpirationError(*args)),
-    base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_SHUTDOWN: lambda *args: _Termination(
-        True, face.Abortion(face.Abortion.Kind.LOCAL_SHUTDOWN, *args),
-        face.LocalShutdownError(*args)),
-    base.Outcome.Kind.REMOTE_SHUTDOWN: lambda *args: _Termination(
-        True, face.Abortion(face.Abortion.Kind.REMOTE_SHUTDOWN, *args),
-        face.RemoteShutdownError(*args)),
-    base.Outcome.Kind.RECEPTION_FAILURE: lambda *args: _Termination(
-        True, face.Abortion(face.Abortion.Kind.NETWORK_FAILURE, *args),
-        face.NetworkError(*args)),
-    base.Outcome.Kind.TRANSMISSION_FAILURE: lambda *args: _Termination(
-        True, face.Abortion(face.Abortion.Kind.NETWORK_FAILURE, *args),
-        face.NetworkError(*args)),
-    base.Outcome.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE: lambda *args: _Termination(
-        True, face.Abortion(face.Abortion.Kind.LOCAL_FAILURE, *args),
-        face.LocalError(*args)),
-    base.Outcome.Kind.REMOTE_FAILURE: lambda *args: _Termination(
-        True, face.Abortion(face.Abortion.Kind.REMOTE_FAILURE, *args),
-        face.RemoteError(*args)),
-}
-
-
-def _wait_once_until(condition, until):
-  if until is None:
-    condition.wait()
-  else:
-    remaining = until - time.time()
-    if remaining < 0:
-      raise future.TimeoutError()
-    else:
-      condition.wait(timeout=remaining)
-
-
-def _done_callback_as_operation_termination_callback(
-    done_callback, rendezvous):
-  def operation_termination_callback(operation_outcome):
-    rendezvous.set_outcome(operation_outcome)
-    done_callback(rendezvous)
-  return operation_termination_callback
-
-
-def _abortion_callback_as_operation_termination_callback(
-    rpc_abortion_callback, rendezvous_set_outcome):
-  def operation_termination_callback(operation_outcome):
-    termination = rendezvous_set_outcome(operation_outcome)
-    if termination.abortion is not None:
-      rpc_abortion_callback(termination.abortion)
-  return operation_termination_callback
-
-
-class Rendezvous(base.Operator, future.Future, stream.Consumer, face.Call):
-  """A rendez-vous for the threads of an operation.
-
-  Instances of this object present iterator and stream.Consumer interfaces for
-  interacting with application code and present a base.Operator interface and
-  maintain a base.Operator internally for interacting with base interface code.
-  """
-
-  def __init__(self, operator, operation_context):
-    self._condition = threading.Condition()
-
-    self._operator = operator
-    self._operation_context = operation_context
-
-    self._protocol_context = _NOT_YET_ARRIVED
-
-    self._up_initial_metadata = _NOT_YET_ARRIVED
-    self._up_payload = None
-    self._up_allowance = 1
-    self._up_completion = _NOT_YET_ARRIVED
-    self._down_initial_metadata = _NOT_YET_SEEN
-    self._down_payload = None
-    self._down_allowance = 1
-    self._down_terminal_metadata = _NOT_YET_SEEN
-    self._down_code = _NOT_YET_SEEN
-    self._down_details = _NOT_YET_SEEN
-
-    self._termination = _NOT_TERMINATED
-
-    # The semantics of future.Future.cancel and future.Future.cancelled are
-    # slightly wonky, so they have to be tracked separately from the rest of the
-    # result of the RPC. This field tracks whether cancellation was requested
-    # prior to termination of the RPC
-    self._cancelled = False
-
-  def set_operator_and_context(self, operator, operation_context):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._operator = operator
-      self._operation_context = operation_context
-
-  def _down_completion(self):
-    if self._down_terminal_metadata.kind is _Transitory.Kind.NOT_YET_SEEN:
-      terminal_metadata = None
-      self._down_terminal_metadata = _GONE
-    elif self._down_terminal_metadata.kind is _Transitory.Kind.PRESENT:
-      terminal_metadata = self._down_terminal_metadata.value
-      self._down_terminal_metadata = _GONE
-    else:
-      terminal_metadata = None
-    if self._down_code.kind is _Transitory.Kind.NOT_YET_SEEN:
-      code = None
-      self._down_code = _GONE
-    elif self._down_code.kind is _Transitory.Kind.PRESENT:
-      code = self._down_code.value
-      self._down_code = _GONE
-    else:
-      code = None
-    if self._down_details.kind is _Transitory.Kind.NOT_YET_SEEN:
-      details = None
-      self._down_details = _GONE
-    elif self._down_details.kind is _Transitory.Kind.PRESENT:
-      details = self._down_details.value
-      self._down_details = _GONE
-    else:
-      details = None
-    return utilities.completion(terminal_metadata, code, details)
-
-  def _set_outcome(self, outcome):
-    if not self._termination.terminated:
-      self._operator = _DUMMY_OPERATOR
-      self._operation_context = None
-      self._down_initial_metadata = _GONE
-      self._down_payload = None
-      self._down_terminal_metadata = _GONE
-      self._down_code = _GONE
-      self._down_details = _GONE
-
-      if self._up_initial_metadata.kind is _Awaited.Kind.NOT_YET_ARRIVED:
-        initial_metadata = None
-      else:
-        initial_metadata = self._up_initial_metadata.value
-      if self._up_completion.kind is _Awaited.Kind.NOT_YET_ARRIVED:
-        terminal_metadata = None
-      else:
-        terminal_metadata = self._up_completion.value.terminal_metadata
-      if outcome.kind is base.Outcome.Kind.COMPLETED:
-        code = self._up_completion.value.code
-        details = self._up_completion.value.message
-      else:
-        code = outcome.code
-        details = outcome.details
-      self._termination = _OPERATION_OUTCOME_KIND_TO_TERMINATION_CONSTRUCTOR[
-          outcome.kind](initial_metadata, terminal_metadata, code, details)
-
-      self._condition.notify_all()
-
-    return self._termination
-
-  def advance(
-      self, initial_metadata=None, payload=None, completion=None,
-      allowance=None):
-    with self._condition:
-      if initial_metadata is not None:
-        self._up_initial_metadata = _Awaited(
-            _Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED, initial_metadata)
-      if payload is not None:
-        if self._up_initial_metadata.kind is _Awaited.Kind.NOT_YET_ARRIVED:
-          self._up_initial_metadata = _ARRIVED_AND_NONE
-        self._up_payload = payload
-        self._up_allowance -= 1
-      if completion is not None:
-        if self._up_initial_metadata.kind is _Awaited.Kind.NOT_YET_ARRIVED:
-          self._up_initial_metadata = _ARRIVED_AND_NONE
-        self._up_completion = _Awaited(
-            _Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED, completion)
-      if allowance is not None:
-        if self._down_payload is not None:
-          self._operator.advance(payload=self._down_payload)
-          self._down_payload = None
-          self._down_allowance += allowance - 1
-        else:
-          self._down_allowance += allowance
-      self._condition.notify_all()
-
-  def cancel(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      if self._operation_context is not None:
-        self._operation_context.cancel()
-        self._cancelled = True
-      return False
-
-  def cancelled(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      return self._cancelled
-
-  def running(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      return not self._termination.terminated
-
-  def done(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      return self._termination.terminated
-
-  def result(self, timeout=None):
-    until = None if timeout is None else time.time() + timeout
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        if self._termination.terminated:
-          if self._termination.abortion is None:
-            return self._up_payload
-          elif self._termination.abortion.kind is face.Abortion.Kind.CANCELLED:
-            raise future.CancelledError()
-          else:
-            raise self._termination.abortion_error  # pylint: disable=raising-bad-type
-        else:
-          _wait_once_until(self._condition, until)
-
-  def exception(self, timeout=None):
-    until = None if timeout is None else time.time() + timeout
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        if self._termination.terminated:
-          if self._termination.abortion is None:
-            return None
-          else:
-            return self._termination.abortion_error
-        else:
-          _wait_once_until(self._condition, until)
-
-  def traceback(self, timeout=None):
-    until = None if timeout is None else time.time() + timeout
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        if self._termination.terminated:
-          if self._termination.abortion_error is None:
-            return None
-          else:
-            abortion_error = self._termination.abortion_error
-            break
-        else:
-          _wait_once_until(self._condition, until)
-
-    try:
-      raise abortion_error
-    except face.AbortionError:
-      return sys.exc_info()[2]
-
-  def add_done_callback(self, fn):
-    with self._condition:
-      if self._operation_context is not None:
-        outcome = self._operation_context.add_termination_callback(
-            _done_callback_as_operation_termination_callback(fn, self))
-        if outcome is None:
-          return
-        else:
-          self._set_outcome(outcome)
-
-    fn(self)
-
-  def consume(self, value):
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        if self._termination.terminated:
-          return
-        elif 0 < self._down_allowance:
-          self._operator.advance(payload=value)
-          self._down_allowance -= 1
-          return
-        else:
-          self._condition.wait()
-
-  def terminate(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      if self._termination.terminated:
-        return
-      elif self._down_code.kind is _Transitory.Kind.GONE:
-        # Conform to specified idempotence of terminate by ignoring extra calls.
-        return
-      else:
-        completion = self._down_completion()
-        self._operator.advance(completion=completion)
-
-  def consume_and_terminate(self, value):
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        if self._termination.terminated:
-          return
-        elif 0 < self._down_allowance:
-          completion = self._down_completion()
-          self._operator.advance(payload=value, completion=completion)
-          return
-        else:
-          self._condition.wait()
-
-  def __iter__(self):
-    return self
-
-  def __next__(self):
-    return self.next()
-
-  def next(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        if self._termination.abortion_error is not None:
-          raise self._termination.abortion_error
-        elif self._up_payload is not None:
-          payload = self._up_payload
-          self._up_payload = None
-          if self._up_completion.kind is _Awaited.Kind.NOT_YET_ARRIVED:
-            self._operator.advance(allowance=1)
-          return payload
-        elif self._up_completion.kind is _Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED:
-          raise StopIteration()
-        else:
-          self._condition.wait()
-
-  def is_active(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      return not self._termination.terminated
-
-  def time_remaining(self):
-    if self._operation_context is None:
-      return 0
-    else:
-      return self._operation_context.time_remaining()
-
-  def add_abortion_callback(self, abortion_callback):
-    with self._condition:
-      if self._operation_context is None:
-        return self._termination.abortion
-      else:
-        outcome = self._operation_context.add_termination_callback(
-            _abortion_callback_as_operation_termination_callback(
-                abortion_callback, self.set_outcome))
-        if outcome is not None:
-          return self._set_outcome(outcome).abortion
-        else:
-          return self._termination.abortion
-
-  def protocol_context(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        if self._protocol_context.kind is _Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED:
-          return self._protocol_context.value
-        elif self._termination.abortion_error is not None:
-          raise self._termination.abortion_error
-        else:
-          self._condition.wait()
-
-  def initial_metadata(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        if self._up_initial_metadata.kind is _Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED:
-          return self._up_initial_metadata.value
-        elif self._termination.terminated:
-          return None
-        else:
-          self._condition.wait()
-
-  def terminal_metadata(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        if self._up_completion.kind is _Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED:
-          return self._up_completion.value.terminal_metadata
-        elif self._termination.terminated:
-          return None
-        else:
-          self._condition.wait()
-
-  def code(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        if self._up_completion.kind is _Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED:
-          return self._up_completion.value.code
-        elif self._termination.terminated:
-          return None
-        else:
-          self._condition.wait()
-
-  def details(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        if self._up_completion.kind is _Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED:
-          return self._up_completion.value.message
-        elif self._termination.terminated:
-          return None
-        else:
-          self._condition.wait()
-
-  def set_initial_metadata(self, initial_metadata):
-    with self._condition:
-      if (self._down_initial_metadata.kind is not
-          _Transitory.Kind.NOT_YET_SEEN):
-        raise ValueError(_CANNOT_SET_INITIAL_METADATA)
-      else:
-        self._down_initial_metadata = _GONE
-        self._operator.advance(initial_metadata=initial_metadata)
-
-  def set_terminal_metadata(self, terminal_metadata):
-    with self._condition:
-      if (self._down_terminal_metadata.kind is not
-          _Transitory.Kind.NOT_YET_SEEN):
-        raise ValueError(_CANNOT_SET_TERMINAL_METADATA)
-      else:
-        self._down_terminal_metadata = _Transitory(
-            _Transitory.Kind.PRESENT, terminal_metadata)
-
-  def set_code(self, code):
-    with self._condition:
-      if self._down_code.kind is not _Transitory.Kind.NOT_YET_SEEN:
-        raise ValueError(_CANNOT_SET_CODE)
-      else:
-        self._down_code = _Transitory(_Transitory.Kind.PRESENT, code)
-
-  def set_details(self, details):
-    with self._condition:
-      if self._down_details.kind is not _Transitory.Kind.NOT_YET_SEEN:
-        raise ValueError(_CANNOT_SET_DETAILS)
-      else:
-        self._down_details = _Transitory(_Transitory.Kind.PRESENT, details)
-
-  def set_protocol_context(self, protocol_context):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._protocol_context = _Awaited(
-          _Awaited.Kind.ARRIVED, protocol_context)
-      self._condition.notify_all()
-
-  def set_outcome(self, outcome):
-    with self._condition:
-      return self._set_outcome(outcome)
-
-
-class _ProtocolReceiver(base.ProtocolReceiver):
-
-  def __init__(self, rendezvous):
-    self._rendezvous = rendezvous
-
-  def context(self, protocol_context):
-    self._rendezvous.set_protocol_context(protocol_context)
-
-
-def protocol_receiver(rendezvous):
-  return _ProtocolReceiver(rendezvous)
-
-
-def pool_wrap(behavior, operation_context):
-  """Wraps an operation-related behavior so that it may be called in a pool.
-
-  Args:
-    behavior: A callable related to carrying out an operation.
-    operation_context: A base_interfaces.OperationContext for the operation.
-
-  Returns:
-    A callable that when called carries out the behavior of the given callable
-      and handles whatever exceptions it raises appropriately.
-  """
-  def translation(*args):
-    try:
-      behavior(*args)
-    except (
-        abandonment.Abandoned,
-        face.CancellationError,
-        face.ExpirationError,
-        face.LocalShutdownError,
-        face.RemoteShutdownError,
-        face.NetworkError,
-        face.RemoteError,
-    ) as e:
-      if operation_context.outcome() is None:
-        operation_context.fail(e)
-    except Exception as e:
-      operation_context.fail(e)
-  return callable_util.with_exceptions_logged(
-      translation, _INTERNAL_ERROR_LOG_MESSAGE)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/_service.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/_service.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9903415c09..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/_service.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Behaviors for servicing RPCs."""
-
-from grpc.framework.crust import _control
-from grpc.framework.foundation import abandonment
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import utilities
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
-
-
-class _ServicerContext(face.ServicerContext):
-
-  def __init__(self, rendezvous):
-    self._rendezvous = rendezvous
-
-  def is_active(self):
-    return self._rendezvous.is_active()
-
-  def time_remaining(self):
-    return self._rendezvous.time_remaining()
-
-  def add_abortion_callback(self, abortion_callback):
-    return self._rendezvous.add_abortion_callback(abortion_callback)
-
-  def cancel(self):
-    self._rendezvous.cancel()
-
-  def protocol_context(self):
-    return self._rendezvous.protocol_context()
-
-  def invocation_metadata(self):
-    return self._rendezvous.initial_metadata()
-
-  def initial_metadata(self, initial_metadata):
-    self._rendezvous.set_initial_metadata(initial_metadata)
-
-  def terminal_metadata(self, terminal_metadata):
-    self._rendezvous.set_terminal_metadata(terminal_metadata)
-
-  def code(self, code):
-    self._rendezvous.set_code(code)
-
-  def details(self, details):
-    self._rendezvous.set_details(details)
-
-
-def _adaptation(pool, in_pool):
-  def adaptation(operator, operation_context):
-    rendezvous = _control.Rendezvous(operator, operation_context)
-    subscription = utilities.full_subscription(
-        rendezvous, _control.protocol_receiver(rendezvous))
-    outcome = operation_context.add_termination_callback(rendezvous.set_outcome)
-    if outcome is None:
-      pool.submit(_control.pool_wrap(in_pool, operation_context), rendezvous)
-      return subscription
-    else:
-      raise abandonment.Abandoned()
-  return adaptation
-
-
-def adapt_inline_unary_unary(method, pool):
-  def in_pool(rendezvous):
-    request = next(rendezvous)
-    response = method(request, _ServicerContext(rendezvous))
-    rendezvous.consume_and_terminate(response)
-  return _adaptation(pool, in_pool)
-
-
-def adapt_inline_unary_stream(method, pool):
-  def in_pool(rendezvous):
-    request = next(rendezvous)
-    response_iterator = method(request, _ServicerContext(rendezvous))
-    for response in response_iterator:
-      rendezvous.consume(response)
-    rendezvous.terminate()
-  return _adaptation(pool, in_pool)
-
-
-def adapt_inline_stream_unary(method, pool):
-  def in_pool(rendezvous):
-    response = method(rendezvous, _ServicerContext(rendezvous))
-    rendezvous.consume_and_terminate(response)
-  return _adaptation(pool, in_pool)
-
-
-def adapt_inline_stream_stream(method, pool):
-  def in_pool(rendezvous):
-    response_iterator = method(rendezvous, _ServicerContext(rendezvous))
-    for response in response_iterator:
-      rendezvous.consume(response)
-    rendezvous.terminate()
-  return _adaptation(pool, in_pool)
-
-
-def adapt_event_unary_unary(method, pool):
-  def in_pool(rendezvous):
-    request = next(rendezvous)
-    method(
-        request, rendezvous.consume_and_terminate, _ServicerContext(rendezvous))
-  return _adaptation(pool, in_pool)
-
-
-def adapt_event_unary_stream(method, pool):
-  def in_pool(rendezvous):
-    request = next(rendezvous)
-    method(request, rendezvous, _ServicerContext(rendezvous))
-  return _adaptation(pool, in_pool)
-
-
-def adapt_event_stream_unary(method, pool):
-  def in_pool(rendezvous):
-    request_consumer = method(
-        rendezvous.consume_and_terminate, _ServicerContext(rendezvous))
-    for request in rendezvous:
-      request_consumer.consume(request)
-    request_consumer.terminate()
-  return _adaptation(pool, in_pool)
-
-
-def adapt_event_stream_stream(method, pool):
-  def in_pool(rendezvous):
-    request_consumer = method(rendezvous, _ServicerContext(rendezvous))
-    for request in rendezvous:
-      request_consumer.consume(request)
-    request_consumer.terminate()
-  return _adaptation(pool, in_pool)
-
-
-def adapt_multi_method(multi_method, pool):
-  def adaptation(group, method, operator, operation_context):
-    rendezvous = _control.Rendezvous(operator, operation_context)
-    subscription = utilities.full_subscription(
-        rendezvous, _control.protocol_receiver(rendezvous))
-    outcome = operation_context.add_termination_callback(rendezvous.set_outcome)
-    if outcome is None:
-      def in_pool():
-        request_consumer = multi_method.service(
-            group, method, rendezvous, _ServicerContext(rendezvous))
-        for request in rendezvous:
-          request_consumer.consume(request)
-        request_consumer.terminate()
-      pool.submit(_control.pool_wrap(in_pool, operation_context), rendezvous)
-      return subscription
-    else:
-      raise abandonment.Abandoned()
-  return adaptation
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/implementations.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/implementations.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d3ab733b6..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/implementations.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,366 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Entry points into the Crust layer of RPC Framework."""
-
-import six
-
-from grpc.framework.common import cardinality
-from grpc.framework.common import style
-from grpc.framework.crust import _calls
-from grpc.framework.crust import _service
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
-
-
-class _BaseServicer(base.Servicer):
-
-  def __init__(self, adapted_methods, adapted_multi_method):
-    self._adapted_methods = adapted_methods
-    self._adapted_multi_method = adapted_multi_method
-
-  def service(self, group, method, context, output_operator):
-    adapted_method = self._adapted_methods.get((group, method), None)
-    if adapted_method is not None:
-      return adapted_method(output_operator, context)
-    elif self._adapted_multi_method is not None:
-      try:
-        return self._adapted_multi_method(
-            group, method, output_operator, context)
-      except face.NoSuchMethodError:
-        raise base.NoSuchMethodError(None, None)
-    else:
-      raise base.NoSuchMethodError(None, None)
-
-
-class _UnaryUnaryMultiCallable(face.UnaryUnaryMultiCallable):
-
-  def __init__(self, end, group, method, pool):
-    self._end = end
-    self._group = group
-    self._method = method
-    self._pool = pool
-
-  def __call__(
-      self, request, timeout, metadata=None, with_call=False,
-      protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.blocking_unary_unary(
-        self._end, self._group, self._method, timeout, with_call,
-        protocol_options, metadata, request)
-
-  def future(self, request, timeout, metadata=None, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.future_unary_unary(
-        self._end, self._group, self._method, timeout, protocol_options,
-        metadata, request)
-
-  def event(
-      self, request, receiver, abortion_callback, timeout,
-      metadata=None, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.event_unary_unary(
-        self._end, self._group, self._method, timeout, protocol_options,
-        metadata, request, receiver, abortion_callback, self._pool)
-
-
-class _UnaryStreamMultiCallable(face.UnaryStreamMultiCallable):
-
-  def __init__(self, end, group, method, pool):
-    self._end = end
-    self._group = group
-    self._method = method
-    self._pool = pool
-
-  def __call__(self, request, timeout, metadata=None, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.inline_unary_stream(
-        self._end, self._group, self._method, timeout, protocol_options,
-        metadata, request)
-
-  def event(
-      self, request, receiver, abortion_callback, timeout,
-      metadata=None, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.event_unary_stream(
-        self._end, self._group, self._method, timeout, protocol_options,
-        metadata, request, receiver, abortion_callback, self._pool)
-
-
-class _StreamUnaryMultiCallable(face.StreamUnaryMultiCallable):
-
-  def __init__(self, end, group, method, pool):
-    self._end = end
-    self._group = group
-    self._method = method
-    self._pool = pool
-
-  def __call__(
-      self, request_iterator, timeout, metadata=None,
-      with_call=False, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.blocking_stream_unary(
-        self._end, self._group, self._method, timeout, with_call,
-        protocol_options, metadata, request_iterator, self._pool)
-
-  def future(
-      self, request_iterator, timeout, metadata=None, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.future_stream_unary(
-        self._end, self._group, self._method, timeout, protocol_options,
-        metadata, request_iterator, self._pool)
-
-  def event(
-      self, receiver, abortion_callback, timeout, metadata=None,
-      protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.event_stream_unary(
-        self._end, self._group, self._method, timeout, protocol_options,
-        metadata, receiver, abortion_callback, self._pool)
-
-
-class _StreamStreamMultiCallable(face.StreamStreamMultiCallable):
-
-  def __init__(self, end, group, method, pool):
-    self._end = end
-    self._group = group
-    self._method = method
-    self._pool = pool
-
-  def __call__(
-      self, request_iterator, timeout, metadata=None, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.inline_stream_stream(
-        self._end, self._group, self._method, timeout, protocol_options,
-        metadata, request_iterator, self._pool)
-
-  def event(
-      self, receiver, abortion_callback, timeout, metadata=None,
-      protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.event_stream_stream(
-        self._end, self._group, self._method, timeout, protocol_options,
-        metadata, receiver, abortion_callback, self._pool)
-
-
-class _GenericStub(face.GenericStub):
-  """An face.GenericStub implementation."""
-
-  def __init__(self, end, pool):
-    self._end = end
-    self._pool = pool
-
-  def blocking_unary_unary(
-      self, group, method, request, timeout, metadata=None,
-      with_call=None, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.blocking_unary_unary(
-        self._end, group, method, timeout, with_call, protocol_options,
-        metadata, request)
-
-  def future_unary_unary(
-      self, group, method, request, timeout, metadata=None,
-      protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.future_unary_unary(
-        self._end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, metadata, request)
-
-  def inline_unary_stream(
-      self, group, method, request, timeout, metadata=None,
-      protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.inline_unary_stream(
-        self._end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, metadata, request)
-
-  def blocking_stream_unary(
-      self, group, method, request_iterator, timeout, metadata=None,
-      with_call=None, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.blocking_stream_unary(
-        self._end, group, method, timeout, with_call, protocol_options,
-        metadata, request_iterator, self._pool)
-
-  def future_stream_unary(
-      self, group, method, request_iterator, timeout, metadata=None,
-      protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.future_stream_unary(
-        self._end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, metadata,
-        request_iterator, self._pool)
-
-  def inline_stream_stream(
-      self, group, method, request_iterator, timeout, metadata=None,
-      protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.inline_stream_stream(
-        self._end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, metadata,
-        request_iterator, self._pool)
-
-  def event_unary_unary(
-      self, group, method, request, receiver, abortion_callback, timeout,
-      metadata=None, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.event_unary_unary(
-        self._end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, metadata, request,
-        receiver, abortion_callback, self._pool)
-
-  def event_unary_stream(
-      self, group, method, request, receiver, abortion_callback, timeout,
-      metadata=None, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.event_unary_stream(
-        self._end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, metadata, request,
-        receiver, abortion_callback, self._pool)
-
-  def event_stream_unary(
-      self, group, method, receiver, abortion_callback, timeout,
-      metadata=None, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.event_stream_unary(
-        self._end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, metadata, receiver,
-        abortion_callback, self._pool)
-
-  def event_stream_stream(
-      self, group, method, receiver, abortion_callback, timeout,
-      metadata=None, protocol_options=None):
-    return _calls.event_stream_stream(
-        self._end, group, method, timeout, protocol_options, metadata, receiver,
-        abortion_callback, self._pool)
-
-  def unary_unary(self, group, method):
-    return _UnaryUnaryMultiCallable(self._end, group, method, self._pool)
-
-  def unary_stream(self, group, method):
-    return _UnaryStreamMultiCallable(self._end, group, method, self._pool)
-
-  def stream_unary(self, group, method):
-    return _StreamUnaryMultiCallable(self._end, group, method, self._pool)
-
-  def stream_stream(self, group, method):
-    return _StreamStreamMultiCallable(self._end, group, method, self._pool)
-
-
-class _DynamicStub(face.DynamicStub):
-  """An face.DynamicStub implementation."""
-
-  def __init__(self, end, group, cardinalities, pool):
-    self._end = end
-    self._group = group
-    self._cardinalities = cardinalities
-    self._pool = pool
-
-  def __getattr__(self, attr):
-    method_cardinality = self._cardinalities.get(attr)
-    if method_cardinality is cardinality.Cardinality.UNARY_UNARY:
-      return _UnaryUnaryMultiCallable(self._end, self._group, attr, self._pool)
-    elif method_cardinality is cardinality.Cardinality.UNARY_STREAM:
-      return _UnaryStreamMultiCallable(self._end, self._group, attr, self._pool)
-    elif method_cardinality is cardinality.Cardinality.STREAM_UNARY:
-      return _StreamUnaryMultiCallable(self._end, self._group, attr, self._pool)
-    elif method_cardinality is cardinality.Cardinality.STREAM_STREAM:
-      return _StreamStreamMultiCallable(
-          self._end, self._group, attr, self._pool)
-    else:
-      raise AttributeError('_DynamicStub object has no attribute "%s"!' % attr)
-
-
-def _adapt_method_implementations(method_implementations, pool):
-  adapted_implementations = {}
-  for name, method_implementation in six.iteritems(method_implementations):
-    if method_implementation.style is style.Service.INLINE:
-      if method_implementation.cardinality is cardinality.Cardinality.UNARY_UNARY:
-        adapted_implementations[name] = _service.adapt_inline_unary_unary(
-            method_implementation.unary_unary_inline, pool)
-      elif method_implementation.cardinality is cardinality.Cardinality.UNARY_STREAM:
-        adapted_implementations[name] = _service.adapt_inline_unary_stream(
-            method_implementation.unary_stream_inline, pool)
-      elif method_implementation.cardinality is cardinality.Cardinality.STREAM_UNARY:
-        adapted_implementations[name] = _service.adapt_inline_stream_unary(
-            method_implementation.stream_unary_inline, pool)
-      elif method_implementation.cardinality is cardinality.Cardinality.STREAM_STREAM:
-        adapted_implementations[name] = _service.adapt_inline_stream_stream(
-            method_implementation.stream_stream_inline, pool)
-    elif method_implementation.style is style.Service.EVENT:
-      if method_implementation.cardinality is cardinality.Cardinality.UNARY_UNARY:
-        adapted_implementations[name] = _service.adapt_event_unary_unary(
-            method_implementation.unary_unary_event, pool)
-      elif method_implementation.cardinality is cardinality.Cardinality.UNARY_STREAM:
-        adapted_implementations[name] = _service.adapt_event_unary_stream(
-            method_implementation.unary_stream_event, pool)
-      elif method_implementation.cardinality is cardinality.Cardinality.STREAM_UNARY:
-        adapted_implementations[name] = _service.adapt_event_stream_unary(
-            method_implementation.stream_unary_event, pool)
-      elif method_implementation.cardinality is cardinality.Cardinality.STREAM_STREAM:
-        adapted_implementations[name] = _service.adapt_event_stream_stream(
-            method_implementation.stream_stream_event, pool)
-  return adapted_implementations
-
-
-def servicer(method_implementations, multi_method_implementation, pool):
-  """Creates a base.Servicer.
-
-  It is guaranteed that any passed face.MultiMethodImplementation will
-  only be called to service an RPC if there is no
-  face.MethodImplementation for the RPC method in the passed
-  method_implementations dictionary.
-
-  Args:
-    method_implementations: A dictionary from RPC method name to
-      face.MethodImplementation object to be used to service the named
-      RPC method.
-    multi_method_implementation: An face.MultiMethodImplementation to be
-      used to service any RPCs not serviced by the
-      face.MethodImplementations given in the method_implementations
-      dictionary, or None.
-    pool: A thread pool.
-
-  Returns:
-    A base.Servicer that services RPCs via the given implementations.
-  """
-  adapted_implementations = _adapt_method_implementations(
-      method_implementations, pool)
-  if multi_method_implementation is None:
-    adapted_multi_method_implementation = None
-  else:
-    adapted_multi_method_implementation = _service.adapt_multi_method(
-        multi_method_implementation, pool)
-  return _BaseServicer(
-      adapted_implementations, adapted_multi_method_implementation)
-
-
-def generic_stub(end, pool):
-  """Creates an face.GenericStub.
-
-  Args:
-    end: A base.End.
-    pool: A futures.ThreadPoolExecutor.
-
-  Returns:
-    A face.GenericStub that performs RPCs via the given base.End.
-  """
-  return _GenericStub(end, pool)
-
-
-def dynamic_stub(end, group, cardinalities, pool):
-  """Creates an face.DynamicStub.
-
-  Args:
-    end: A base.End.
-    group: The group identifier for all RPCs to be made with the created
-      face.DynamicStub.
-    cardinalities: A dict from method identifier to cardinality.Cardinality
-      value identifying the cardinality of every RPC method to be supported by
-      the created face.DynamicStub.
-    pool: A futures.ThreadPoolExecutor.
-
-  Returns:
-    A face.DynamicStub that performs RPCs via the given base.End.
-  """
-  return _DynamicStub(end, group, cardinalities, pool)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/foundation/_timer_future.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/foundation/_timer_future.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c9996aa9d..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/foundation/_timer_future.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,228 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Affords a Future implementation based on Python's threading.Timer."""
-
-import sys
-import threading
-import time
-
-from grpc.framework.foundation import future
-
-
-class TimerFuture(future.Future):
-  """A Future implementation based around Timer objects."""
-
-  def __init__(self, compute_time, computation):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      compute_time: The time after which to begin this future's computation.
-      computation: The computation to be performed within this Future.
-    """
-    self._lock = threading.Lock()
-    self._compute_time = compute_time
-    self._computation = computation
-    self._timer = None
-    self._computing = False
-    self._computed = False
-    self._cancelled = False
-    self._result = None
-    self._exception = None
-    self._traceback = None
-    self._waiting = []
-
-  def _compute(self):
-    """Performs the computation embedded in this Future.
-
-    Or doesn't, if the time to perform it has not yet arrived.
-    """
-    with self._lock:
-      time_remaining = self._compute_time - time.time()
-      if 0 < time_remaining:
-        self._timer = threading.Timer(time_remaining, self._compute)
-        self._timer.start()
-        return
-      else:
-        self._computing = True
-
-    try:
-      return_value = self._computation()
-      exception = None
-      traceback = None
-    except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-      return_value = None
-      exception = e
-      traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]
-
-    with self._lock:
-      self._computing = False
-      self._computed = True
-      self._return_value = return_value
-      self._exception = exception
-      self._traceback = traceback
-      waiting = self._waiting
-
-    for callback in waiting:
-      callback(self)
-
-  def start(self):
-    """Starts this Future.
-
-    This must be called exactly once, immediately after construction.
-    """
-    with self._lock:
-      self._timer = threading.Timer(
-          self._compute_time - time.time(), self._compute)
-      self._timer.start()
-
-  def cancel(self):
-    """See future.Future.cancel for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._computing or self._computed:
-        return False
-      elif self._cancelled:
-        return True
-      else:
-        self._timer.cancel()
-        self._cancelled = True
-        waiting = self._waiting
-
-    for callback in waiting:
-      try:
-        callback(self)
-      except Exception:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-        pass
-
-    return True
-
-  def cancelled(self):
-    """See future.Future.cancelled for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      return self._cancelled
-
-  def running(self):
-    """See future.Future.running for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      return not self._computed and not self._cancelled
-
-  def done(self):
-    """See future.Future.done for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      return self._computed or self._cancelled
-
-  def result(self, timeout=None):
-    """See future.Future.result for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._cancelled:
-        raise future.CancelledError()
-      elif self._computed:
-        if self._exception is None:
-          return self._return_value
-        else:
-          raise self._exception  # pylint: disable=raising-bad-type
-
-      condition = threading.Condition()
-      def notify_condition(unused_future):
-        with condition:
-          condition.notify()
-      self._waiting.append(notify_condition)
-
-    with condition:
-      condition.wait(timeout=timeout)
-
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._cancelled:
-        raise future.CancelledError()
-      elif self._computed:
-        if self._exception is None:
-          return self._return_value
-        else:
-          raise self._exception  # pylint: disable=raising-bad-type
-      else:
-        raise future.TimeoutError()
-
-  def exception(self, timeout=None):
-    """See future.Future.exception for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._cancelled:
-        raise future.CancelledError()
-      elif self._computed:
-        return self._exception
-
-      condition = threading.Condition()
-      def notify_condition(unused_future):
-        with condition:
-          condition.notify()
-      self._waiting.append(notify_condition)
-
-    with condition:
-      condition.wait(timeout=timeout)
-
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._cancelled:
-        raise future.CancelledError()
-      elif self._computed:
-        return self._exception
-      else:
-        raise future.TimeoutError()
-
-  def traceback(self, timeout=None):
-    """See future.Future.traceback for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._cancelled:
-        raise future.CancelledError()
-      elif self._computed:
-        return self._traceback
-
-      condition = threading.Condition()
-      def notify_condition(unused_future):
-        with condition:
-          condition.notify()
-      self._waiting.append(notify_condition)
-
-    with condition:
-      condition.wait(timeout=timeout)
-
-    with self._lock:
-      if self._cancelled:
-        raise future.CancelledError()
-      elif self._computed:
-        return self._traceback
-      else:
-        raise future.TimeoutError()
-
-  def add_done_callback(self, fn):
-    """See future.Future.add_done_callback for specification."""
-    with self._lock:
-      if not self._computed and not self._cancelled:
-        self._waiting.append(fn)
-        return
-
-    fn(self)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/foundation/later.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/foundation/later.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d1e065041..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/foundation/later.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Enables scheduling execution at a later time."""
-
-import time
-
-from grpc.framework.foundation import _timer_future
-
-
-def later(delay, computation):
-  """Schedules later execution of a callable.
-
-  Args:
-    delay: Any numeric value. Represents the minimum length of time in seconds
-      to allow to pass before beginning the computation. No guarantees are made
-      about the maximum length of time that will pass.
-    computation: A callable that accepts no arguments.
-
-  Returns:
-    A Future representing the scheduled computation.
-  """
-  timer_future = _timer_future.TimerFuture(time.time() + delay, computation)
-  timer_future.start()
-  return timer_future
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/foundation/relay.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/foundation/relay.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 20f41b2738..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/foundation/relay.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Implementations of in-order work deference."""
-
-import abc
-import enum
-import threading
-
-from grpc.framework.foundation import activated
-from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
-
-_NULL_BEHAVIOR = lambda unused_value: None
-
-
-class Relay(object):
-  """Performs work submitted to it in another thread.
-
-  Performs work in the order in which work was submitted to it; otherwise there
-  would be no reason to use an implementation of this interface instead of a
-  thread pool.
-  """
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def add_value(self, value):
-    """Adds a value to be passed to the behavior registered with this Relay.
-
-    Args:
-      value: A value that will be passed to a call made in another thread to the
-        behavior registered with this Relay.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def set_behavior(self, behavior):
-    """Sets the behavior that this Relay should call when passed values.
-
-    Args:
-      behavior: The behavior that this Relay should call in another thread when
-        passed a value, or None to have passed values ignored.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class _PoolRelay(activated.Activated, Relay):
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class _State(enum.Enum):
-    INACTIVE = 'inactive'
-    IDLE = 'idle'
-    SPINNING = 'spinning'
-
-  def __init__(self, pool, behavior):
-    self._condition = threading.Condition()
-    self._pool = pool
-    self._own_pool = pool is None
-    self._state = _PoolRelay._State.INACTIVE
-    self._activated = False
-    self._spinning = False
-    self._values = []
-    self._behavior = _NULL_BEHAVIOR if behavior is None else behavior
-
-  def _spin(self, behavior, value):
-    while True:
-      behavior(value)
-      with self._condition:
-        if self._values:
-          value = self._values.pop(0)
-          behavior = self._behavior
-        else:
-          self._state = _PoolRelay._State.IDLE
-          self._condition.notify_all()
-          break
-
-  def add_value(self, value):
-    with self._condition:
-      if self._state is _PoolRelay._State.INACTIVE:
-        raise ValueError('add_value not valid on inactive Relay!')
-      elif self._state is _PoolRelay._State.IDLE:
-        self._pool.submit(self._spin, self._behavior, value)
-        self._state = _PoolRelay._State.SPINNING
-      else:
-        self._values.append(value)
-
-  def set_behavior(self, behavior):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._behavior = _NULL_BEHAVIOR if behavior is None else behavior
-
-  def _start(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._state = _PoolRelay._State.IDLE
-      if self._own_pool:
-        self._pool = logging_pool.pool(1)
-      return self
-
-  def _stop(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      while self._state is _PoolRelay._State.SPINNING:
-        self._condition.wait()
-      if self._own_pool:
-        self._pool.shutdown(wait=True)
-      self._state = _PoolRelay._State.INACTIVE
-
-  def __enter__(self):
-    return self._start()
-
-  def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-    self._stop()
-    return False
-
-  def start(self):
-    return self._start()
-
-  def stop(self):
-    self._stop()
-
-
-def relay(behavior):
-  """Creates a Relay.
-
-  Args:
-    behavior: The behavior to be called by the created Relay, or None to have
-      passed values dropped until a different behavior is given to the returned
-      Relay later.
-
-  Returns:
-    An object that is both an activated.Activated and a Relay. The object is
-      only valid for use as a Relay when activated.
-  """
-  return _PoolRelay(None, behavior)
-
-
-def pool_relay(pool, behavior):
-  """Creates a Relay that uses a given thread pool.
-
-  This object will make use of at most one thread in the given pool.
-
-  Args:
-    pool: A futures.ThreadPoolExecutor for use by the created Relay.
-    behavior: The behavior to be called by the created Relay, or None to have
-      passed values dropped until a different behavior is given to the returned
-      Relay later.
-
-  Returns:
-    An object that is both an activated.Activated and a Relay. The object is
-      only valid for use as a Relay when activated.
-  """
-  return _PoolRelay(pool, behavior)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/interfaces/links/links.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/interfaces/links/links.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9631b19078..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/interfaces/links/links.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""The low-level ticket-exchanging-links interface of RPC Framework."""
-
-import abc
-import collections
-import enum
-
-import six
-
-
-class Protocol(collections.namedtuple('Protocol', ('kind', 'value',))):
-  """A sum type for handles to a system that transmits tickets.
-
-  Attributes:
-    kind: A Kind value identifying the kind of value being passed.
-    value: The value being passed between the high-level application and the
-      system affording ticket transport.
-  """
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Kind(enum.Enum):
-    CALL_OPTION = 'call option'
-    SERVICER_CONTEXT = 'servicer context'
-    INVOCATION_CONTEXT = 'invocation context'
-
-
-class Ticket(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        'Ticket',
-        ('operation_id', 'sequence_number', 'group', 'method', 'subscription',
-         'timeout', 'allowance', 'initial_metadata', 'payload',
-         'terminal_metadata', 'code', 'message', 'termination', 'protocol',))):
-  """A sum type for all values sent from a front to a back.
-
-  Attributes:
-    operation_id: A unique-with-respect-to-equality hashable object identifying
-      a particular operation.
-    sequence_number: A zero-indexed integer sequence number identifying the
-      ticket's place in the stream of tickets sent in one direction for the
-      particular operation.
-    group: The group to which the method of the operation belongs. Must be
-      present in the first ticket from invocation side to service side. Ignored
-      for all other tickets exchanged during the operation.
-    method: The name of an operation. Must be present in the first ticket from
-      invocation side to service side. Ignored for all other tickets exchanged
-      during the operation.
-    subscription: A Subscription value describing the interest one side has in
-      receiving information from the other side. Must be present in the first
-      ticket from either side. Ignored for all other tickets exchanged during
-      the operation.
-    timeout: A nonzero length of time (measured from the beginning of the
-      operation) to allow for the entire operation. Must be present in the first
-      ticket from invocation side to service side. Optional for all other
-      tickets exchanged during the operation. Receipt of a value from the other
-      side of the operation indicates the value in use by that side. Setting a
-      value on a later ticket allows either side to request time extensions (or
-      even time reductions!) on in-progress operations.
-    allowance: A positive integer granting permission for a number of payloads
-      to be transmitted to the communicating side of the operation, or None if
-      no additional allowance is being granted with this ticket.
-    initial_metadata: An optional metadata value communicated from one side to
-      the other at the beginning of the operation. May be non-None in at most
-      one ticket from each side. Any non-None value must appear no later than
-      the first payload value.
-    payload: A customer payload object. May be None.
-    terminal_metadata: A metadata value comminicated from one side to the other
-      at the end of the operation. May be non-None in the same ticket as
-      the code and message, but must be None for all earlier tickets.
-    code: A value communicated at operation completion. May be None.
-    message: A value communicated at operation completion. May be None.
-    termination: A Termination value describing the end of the operation, or
-      None if the operation has not yet terminated. If set, no further tickets
-      may be sent in the same direction.
-    protocol: A Protocol value or None, with further semantics being a matter
-      between high-level application and underlying ticket transport.
-  """
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Subscription(enum.Enum):
-    """Identifies the level of subscription of a side of an operation."""
-
-    NONE = 'none'
-    TERMINATION = 'termination'
-    FULL = 'full'
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Termination(enum.Enum):
-    """Identifies the termination of an operation."""
-
-    COMPLETION = 'completion'
-    CANCELLATION = 'cancellation'
-    EXPIRATION = 'expiration'
-    SHUTDOWN = 'shutdown'
-    RECEPTION_FAILURE = 'reception failure'
-    TRANSMISSION_FAILURE = 'transmission failure'
-    LOCAL_FAILURE = 'local failure'
-    REMOTE_FAILURE = 'remote failure'
-
-
-class Link(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """Accepts and emits tickets."""
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def accept_ticket(self, ticket):
-    """Accept a Ticket.
-
-    Args:
-      ticket: Any Ticket.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def join_link(self, link):
-    """Mates this object with a peer with which it will exchange tickets."""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc_core_dependencies.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc_core_dependencies.py
index b668455b72..83722ba69b 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc_core_dependencies.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc_core_dependencies.py
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ CORE_SOURCE_FILES = [
   'src/core/lib/support/env_windows.c',
   'src/core/lib/support/histogram.c',
   'src/core/lib/support/host_port.c',
-  'src/core/lib/support/load_file.c',
   'src/core/lib/support/log.c',
   'src/core/lib/support/log_android.c',
   'src/core/lib/support/log_linux.c',
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ CORE_SOURCE_FILES = [
   'src/core/lib/channel/connected_channel.c',
   'src/core/lib/channel/http_client_filter.c',
   'src/core/lib/channel/http_server_filter.c',
-  'src/core/lib/compression/compression_algorithm.c',
+  'src/core/lib/compression/compression.c',
   'src/core/lib/compression/message_compress.c',
   'src/core/lib/debug/trace.c',
   'src/core/lib/http/format_request.c',
@@ -94,6 +93,8 @@ CORE_SOURCE_FILES = [
   'src/core/lib/iomgr/endpoint.c',
   'src/core/lib/iomgr/endpoint_pair_posix.c',
   'src/core/lib/iomgr/endpoint_pair_windows.c',
+  'src/core/lib/iomgr/error.c',
+  'src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_epoll_linux.c',
   'src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_poll_and_epoll_posix.c',
   'src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_poll_posix.c',
   'src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_posix.c',
@@ -103,6 +104,9 @@ CORE_SOURCE_FILES = [
   'src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr.c',
   'src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr_posix.c',
   'src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr_windows.c',
+  'src/core/lib/iomgr/load_file.c',
+  'src/core/lib/iomgr/network_status_tracker.c',
+  'src/core/lib/iomgr/polling_entity.c',
   'src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset_set_windows.c',
   'src/core/lib/iomgr/pollset_windows.c',
   'src/core/lib/iomgr/resolve_address_posix.c',
@@ -160,6 +164,7 @@ CORE_SOURCE_FILES = [
   'src/core/lib/transport/transport.c',
   'src/core/lib/transport/transport_op_string.c',
   'src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/server/secure/server_secure_chttp2.c',
+  'src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/bin_decoder.c',
   'src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/bin_encoder.c',
   'src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_plugin.c',
   'src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.c',
@@ -203,6 +208,7 @@ CORE_SOURCE_FILES = [
   'src/core/lib/security/transport/secure_endpoint.c',
   'src/core/lib/security/transport/security_connector.c',
   'src/core/lib/security/transport/server_auth_filter.c',
+  'src/core/lib/security/transport/tsi_error.c',
   'src/core/lib/security/util/b64.c',
   'src/core/lib/security/util/json_util.c',
   'src/core/lib/surface/init_secure.c',
@@ -230,7 +236,9 @@ CORE_SOURCE_FILES = [
   'src/core/ext/client_config/subchannel_index.c',
   'src/core/ext/client_config/uri_parser.c',
   'src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/server/insecure/server_chttp2.c',
+  'src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/server/insecure/server_chttp2_posix.c',
   'src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/client/insecure/channel_create.c',
+  'src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/client/insecure/channel_create_posix.c',
   'src/core/ext/lb_policy/grpclb/load_balancer_api.c',
   'src/core/ext/lb_policy/grpclb/proto/grpc/lb/v1/load_balancer.pb.c',
   'third_party/nanopb/pb_common.c',
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc_version.py b/src/python/grpcio/grpc_version.py
index 0c13104d9d..ea38526a28 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc_version.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/grpc_version.py
@@ -29,4 +29,4 @@
 
 # AUTO-GENERATED FROM `$REPO_ROOT/templates/src/python/grpcio/grpc_version.py.template`!!!
 
-VERSION='0.15.0.dev0'
+VERSION='1.1.0.dev0'
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/support.py b/src/python/grpcio/support.py
index 33244eb388..7730374df0 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/support.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio/support.py
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ Could not find <Python.h>. This could mean the following:
     (check your environment variables or try re-installing?)
   * You're on Windows and your Python installation was somehow corrupted
     (check your environment variables or try re-installing?)
-    * Note: Windows users should look into installing `vcpython27`.
 """
 
 C_CHECKS = {
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/tests.json b/src/python/grpcio/tests/tests.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 8dc47bf69d..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/tests.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-[
-  "_auth_test.AccessTokenCallCredentialsTest",
-  "_auth_test.GoogleCallCredentialsTest",
-  "_base_interface_test.AsyncEasyTest", 
-  "_base_interface_test.AsyncPeasyTest", 
-  "_base_interface_test.SyncEasyTest", 
-  "_base_interface_test.SyncPeasyTest", 
-  "_beta_features_test.BetaFeaturesTest", 
-  "_beta_features_test.ContextManagementAndLifecycleTest", 
-  "_cancel_many_calls_test.CancelManyCallsTest",
-  "_channel_connectivity_test.ChannelConnectivityTest",
-  "_channel_ready_future_test.ChannelReadyFutureTest",
-  "_channel_test.ChannelTest", 
-  "_connectivity_channel_test.ChannelConnectivityTest", 
-  "_core_over_links_base_interface_test.AsyncEasyTest", 
-  "_core_over_links_base_interface_test.AsyncPeasyTest", 
-  "_core_over_links_base_interface_test.SyncEasyTest", 
-  "_core_over_links_base_interface_test.SyncPeasyTest", 
-  "_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.DynamicInvokerBlockingInvocationInlineServiceTest", 
-  "_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.DynamicInvokerFutureInvocationAsynchronousEventServiceTest", 
-  "_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.GenericInvokerBlockingInvocationInlineServiceTest", 
-  "_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.GenericInvokerFutureInvocationAsynchronousEventServiceTest", 
-  "_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.MultiCallableInvokerBlockingInvocationInlineServiceTest", 
-  "_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.MultiCallableInvokerFutureInvocationAsynchronousEventServiceTest", 
-  "_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.DynamicInvokerBlockingInvocationInlineServiceTest", 
-  "_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.DynamicInvokerFutureInvocationAsynchronousEventServiceTest", 
-  "_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.GenericInvokerBlockingInvocationInlineServiceTest", 
-  "_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.GenericInvokerFutureInvocationAsynchronousEventServiceTest", 
-  "_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.MultiCallableInvokerBlockingInvocationInlineServiceTest", 
-  "_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.MultiCallableInvokerFutureInvocationAsynchronousEventServiceTest", 
-  "_face_interface_test.DynamicInvokerBlockingInvocationInlineServiceTest", 
-  "_face_interface_test.DynamicInvokerFutureInvocationAsynchronousEventServiceTest", 
-  "_face_interface_test.GenericInvokerBlockingInvocationInlineServiceTest", 
-  "_face_interface_test.GenericInvokerFutureInvocationAsynchronousEventServiceTest", 
-  "_face_interface_test.MultiCallableInvokerBlockingInvocationInlineServiceTest", 
-  "_face_interface_test.MultiCallableInvokerFutureInvocationAsynchronousEventServiceTest",
-  "_health_servicer_test.HealthServicerTest",
-  "_implementations_test.CallCredentialsTest",
-  "_implementations_test.ChannelCredentialsTest", 
-  "_insecure_interop_test.InsecureInteropTest", 
-  "_intermediary_low_test.CancellationTest", 
-  "_intermediary_low_test.EchoTest", 
-  "_intermediary_low_test.ExpirationTest", 
-  "_intermediary_low_test.LonelyClientTest", 
-  "_later_test.LaterTest", 
-  "_logging_pool_test.LoggingPoolTest", 
-  "_lonely_invocation_link_test.LonelyInvocationLinkTest", 
-  "_low_test.HangingServerShutdown", 
-  "_low_test.InsecureServerInsecureClient", 
-  "_not_found_test.NotFoundTest", 
-  "_read_some_but_not_all_responses_test.ReadSomeButNotAllResponsesTest",
-  "_rpc_test.RPCTest",
-  "_sanity_test.Sanity", 
-  "_secure_interop_test.SecureInteropTest", 
-  "_transmission_test.RoundTripTest", 
-  "_transmission_test.TransmissionTest", 
-  "_utilities_test.ChannelConnectivityTest", 
-  "beta_python_plugin_test.PythonPluginTest", 
-  "cygrpc_test.InsecureServerInsecureClient", 
-  "cygrpc_test.SecureServerSecureClient", 
-  "cygrpc_test.TypeSmokeTest"
-]
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/.gitignore b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index a6f96cd6db..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-*.a
-*.so
-*.dll
-*.pyc
-*.pyd
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_intermediary_low_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_intermediary_low_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 22d4b019c7..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_intermediary_low_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,428 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Tests for the old '_low'."""
-
-import threading
-import time
-import unittest
-
-import six
-from six.moves import queue
-
-from grpc._adapter import _intermediary_low as _low
-
-_STREAM_LENGTH = 300
-_TIMEOUT = 5
-_AFTER_DELAY = 2
-_FUTURE = time.time() + 60 * 60 * 24
-_BYTE_SEQUENCE = b'\abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789' * 200
-_BYTE_SEQUENCE_SEQUENCE = tuple(
-    bytes(bytearray((row + column) % 256 for column in range(row)))
-    for row in range(_STREAM_LENGTH))
-
-
-class LonelyClientTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def testLonelyClient(self):
-    host = 'nosuchhostexists'
-    port = 54321
-    method = 'test method'
-    deadline = time.time() + _TIMEOUT
-    after_deadline = deadline + _AFTER_DELAY
-    metadata_tag = object()
-    finish_tag = object()
-
-    completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    channel = _low.Channel('%s:%d' % (host, port), None)
-    client_call = _low.Call(channel, completion_queue, method, host, deadline)
-
-    client_call.invoke(completion_queue, metadata_tag, finish_tag)
-    first_event = completion_queue.get(after_deadline)
-    self.assertIsNotNone(first_event)
-    second_event = completion_queue.get(after_deadline)
-    self.assertIsNotNone(second_event)
-    kinds = [event.kind for event in (first_event, second_event)]
-    six.assertCountEqual(self,
-        (_low.Event.Kind.METADATA_ACCEPTED, _low.Event.Kind.FINISH),
-        kinds)
-
-    self.assertIsNone(completion_queue.get(after_deadline))
-
-    completion_queue.stop()
-    stop_event = completion_queue.get(_FUTURE)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.STOP, stop_event.kind)
-
-    del client_call
-    del channel
-    del completion_queue
-
-
-def _drive_completion_queue(completion_queue, event_queue):
-  while True:
-    event = completion_queue.get(_FUTURE)
-    if event.kind is _low.Event.Kind.STOP:
-      break
-    event_queue.put(event)
-
-
-class EchoTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def setUp(self):
-    self.host = 'localhost'
-
-    self.server_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    self.server = _low.Server(self.server_completion_queue)
-    port = self.server.add_http2_addr('[::]:0')
-    self.server.start()
-    self.server_events = queue.Queue()
-    self.server_completion_queue_thread = threading.Thread(
-        target=_drive_completion_queue,
-        args=(self.server_completion_queue, self.server_events))
-    self.server_completion_queue_thread.start()
-
-    self.client_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    self.channel = _low.Channel('%s:%d' % (self.host, port), None)
-    self.client_events = queue.Queue()
-    self.client_completion_queue_thread = threading.Thread(
-        target=_drive_completion_queue,
-        args=(self.client_completion_queue, self.client_events))
-    self.client_completion_queue_thread.start()
-
-  def tearDown(self):
-    self.server.stop()
-    self.server.cancel_all_calls()
-    self.server_completion_queue.stop()
-    self.client_completion_queue.stop()
-    self.server_completion_queue_thread.join()
-    self.client_completion_queue_thread.join()
-    del self.server
-
-  def _perform_echo_test(self, test_data):
-    method = 'test method'
-    details = 'test details'
-    server_leading_metadata_key = 'my_server_leading_key'
-    server_leading_metadata_value = 'my_server_leading_value'
-    server_trailing_metadata_key = 'my_server_trailing_key'
-    server_trailing_metadata_value = 'my_server_trailing_value'
-    client_metadata_key = 'my_client_key'
-    client_metadata_value = 'my_client_value'
-    server_leading_binary_metadata_key = 'my_server_leading_key-bin'
-    server_leading_binary_metadata_value = b'\0'*2047
-    server_trailing_binary_metadata_key = 'my_server_trailing_key-bin'
-    server_trailing_binary_metadata_value = b'\0'*2047
-    client_binary_metadata_key = 'my_client_key-bin'
-    client_binary_metadata_value = b'\0'*2047
-    deadline = _FUTURE
-    metadata_tag = object()
-    finish_tag = object()
-    write_tag = object()
-    complete_tag = object()
-    service_tag = object()
-    read_tag = object()
-    status_tag = object()
-
-    server_data = []
-    client_data = []
-
-    client_call = _low.Call(self.channel, self.client_completion_queue,
-                            method, self.host, deadline)
-    client_call.add_metadata(client_metadata_key, client_metadata_value)
-    client_call.add_metadata(client_binary_metadata_key,
-                             client_binary_metadata_value)
-
-    client_call.invoke(self.client_completion_queue, metadata_tag, finish_tag)
-
-    self.server.service(service_tag)
-    service_accepted = self.server_events.get()
-    self.assertIsNotNone(service_accepted)
-    self.assertIs(service_accepted.kind, _low.Event.Kind.SERVICE_ACCEPTED)
-    self.assertIs(service_accepted.tag, service_tag)
-    self.assertEqual(method, service_accepted.service_acceptance.method)
-    self.assertEqual(self.host, service_accepted.service_acceptance.host)
-    self.assertIsNotNone(service_accepted.service_acceptance.call)
-    metadata = dict(service_accepted.metadata)
-    self.assertIn(client_metadata_key, metadata)
-    self.assertEqual(client_metadata_value, metadata[client_metadata_key])
-    self.assertIn(client_binary_metadata_key, metadata)
-    self.assertEqual(client_binary_metadata_value,
-                     metadata[client_binary_metadata_key])
-    server_call = service_accepted.service_acceptance.call
-    server_call.accept(self.server_completion_queue, finish_tag)
-    server_call.add_metadata(server_leading_metadata_key,
-                             server_leading_metadata_value)
-    server_call.add_metadata(server_leading_binary_metadata_key,
-                             server_leading_binary_metadata_value)
-    server_call.premetadata()
-
-    metadata_accepted = self.client_events.get()
-    self.assertIsNotNone(metadata_accepted)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.METADATA_ACCEPTED, metadata_accepted.kind)
-    self.assertEqual(metadata_tag, metadata_accepted.tag)
-    metadata = dict(metadata_accepted.metadata)
-    self.assertIn(server_leading_metadata_key, metadata)
-    self.assertEqual(server_leading_metadata_value,
-                     metadata[server_leading_metadata_key])
-    self.assertIn(server_leading_binary_metadata_key, metadata)
-    self.assertEqual(server_leading_binary_metadata_value,
-                     metadata[server_leading_binary_metadata_key])
-
-    for datum in test_data:
-      client_call.write(datum, write_tag, _low.WriteFlags.WRITE_NO_COMPRESS)
-      write_accepted = self.client_events.get()
-      self.assertIsNotNone(write_accepted)
-      self.assertIs(write_accepted.kind, _low.Event.Kind.WRITE_ACCEPTED)
-      self.assertIs(write_accepted.tag, write_tag)
-      self.assertIs(write_accepted.write_accepted, True)
-
-      server_call.read(read_tag)
-      read_accepted = self.server_events.get()
-      self.assertIsNotNone(read_accepted)
-      self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.READ_ACCEPTED, read_accepted.kind)
-      self.assertEqual(read_tag, read_accepted.tag)
-      self.assertIsNotNone(read_accepted.bytes)
-      server_data.append(read_accepted.bytes)
-
-      server_call.write(read_accepted.bytes, write_tag, 0)
-      write_accepted = self.server_events.get()
-      self.assertIsNotNone(write_accepted)
-      self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.WRITE_ACCEPTED, write_accepted.kind)
-      self.assertEqual(write_tag, write_accepted.tag)
-      self.assertTrue(write_accepted.write_accepted)
-
-      client_call.read(read_tag)
-      read_accepted = self.client_events.get()
-      self.assertIsNotNone(read_accepted)
-      self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.READ_ACCEPTED, read_accepted.kind)
-      self.assertEqual(read_tag, read_accepted.tag)
-      self.assertIsNotNone(read_accepted.bytes)
-      client_data.append(read_accepted.bytes)
-
-    client_call.complete(complete_tag)
-    complete_accepted = self.client_events.get()
-    self.assertIsNotNone(complete_accepted)
-    self.assertIs(complete_accepted.kind, _low.Event.Kind.COMPLETE_ACCEPTED)
-    self.assertIs(complete_accepted.tag, complete_tag)
-    self.assertIs(complete_accepted.complete_accepted, True)
-
-    server_call.read(read_tag)
-    read_accepted = self.server_events.get()
-    self.assertIsNotNone(read_accepted)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.READ_ACCEPTED, read_accepted.kind)
-    self.assertEqual(read_tag, read_accepted.tag)
-    self.assertIsNone(read_accepted.bytes)
-
-    server_call.add_metadata(server_trailing_metadata_key,
-                             server_trailing_metadata_value)
-    server_call.add_metadata(server_trailing_binary_metadata_key,
-                             server_trailing_binary_metadata_value)
-
-    server_call.status(_low.Status(_low.Code.OK, details), status_tag)
-    server_terminal_event_one = self.server_events.get()
-    server_terminal_event_two = self.server_events.get()
-    if server_terminal_event_one.kind == _low.Event.Kind.COMPLETE_ACCEPTED:
-      status_accepted = server_terminal_event_one
-      rpc_accepted = server_terminal_event_two
-    else:
-      status_accepted = server_terminal_event_two
-      rpc_accepted = server_terminal_event_one
-    self.assertIsNotNone(status_accepted)
-    self.assertIsNotNone(rpc_accepted)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.COMPLETE_ACCEPTED, status_accepted.kind)
-    self.assertEqual(status_tag, status_accepted.tag)
-    self.assertTrue(status_accepted.complete_accepted)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.FINISH, rpc_accepted.kind)
-    self.assertEqual(finish_tag, rpc_accepted.tag)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Status(_low.Code.OK, ''), rpc_accepted.status)
-
-    client_call.read(read_tag)
-    client_terminal_event_one = self.client_events.get()
-    client_terminal_event_two = self.client_events.get()
-    if client_terminal_event_one.kind == _low.Event.Kind.READ_ACCEPTED:
-      read_accepted = client_terminal_event_one
-      finish_accepted = client_terminal_event_two
-    else:
-      read_accepted = client_terminal_event_two
-      finish_accepted = client_terminal_event_one
-    self.assertIsNotNone(read_accepted)
-    self.assertIsNotNone(finish_accepted)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.READ_ACCEPTED, read_accepted.kind)
-    self.assertEqual(read_tag, read_accepted.tag)
-    self.assertIsNone(read_accepted.bytes)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.FINISH, finish_accepted.kind)
-    self.assertEqual(finish_tag, finish_accepted.tag)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Status(_low.Code.OK, details), finish_accepted.status)
-    metadata = dict(finish_accepted.metadata)
-    self.assertIn(server_trailing_metadata_key, metadata)
-    self.assertEqual(server_trailing_metadata_value,
-                     metadata[server_trailing_metadata_key])
-    self.assertIn(server_trailing_binary_metadata_key, metadata)
-    self.assertEqual(server_trailing_binary_metadata_value,
-                     metadata[server_trailing_binary_metadata_key])
-    self.assertSetEqual(set(key for key, _ in finish_accepted.metadata),
-                        set((server_trailing_metadata_key,
-                             server_trailing_binary_metadata_key,)))
-
-    self.assertSequenceEqual(test_data, server_data)
-    self.assertSequenceEqual(test_data, client_data)
-
-  def testNoEcho(self):
-    self._perform_echo_test(())
-
-  def testOneByteEcho(self):
-    self._perform_echo_test([b'\x07'])
-
-  def testOneManyByteEcho(self):
-    self._perform_echo_test([_BYTE_SEQUENCE])
-
-  def testManyOneByteEchoes(self):
-    self._perform_echo_test(_BYTE_SEQUENCE)
-
-  def testManyManyByteEchoes(self):
-    self._perform_echo_test(_BYTE_SEQUENCE_SEQUENCE)
-
-
-class CancellationTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def setUp(self):
-    self.host = 'localhost'
-
-    self.server_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    self.server = _low.Server(self.server_completion_queue)
-    port = self.server.add_http2_addr('[::]:0')
-    self.server.start()
-    self.server_events = queue.Queue()
-    self.server_completion_queue_thread = threading.Thread(
-        target=_drive_completion_queue,
-        args=(self.server_completion_queue, self.server_events))
-    self.server_completion_queue_thread.start()
-
-    self.client_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    self.channel = _low.Channel('%s:%d' % (self.host, port), None)
-    self.client_events = queue.Queue()
-    self.client_completion_queue_thread = threading.Thread(
-        target=_drive_completion_queue,
-        args=(self.client_completion_queue, self.client_events))
-    self.client_completion_queue_thread.start()
-
-  def tearDown(self):
-    self.server.stop()
-    self.server.cancel_all_calls()
-    self.server_completion_queue.stop()
-    self.client_completion_queue.stop()
-    self.server_completion_queue_thread.join()
-    self.client_completion_queue_thread.join()
-    del self.server
-
-  def testCancellation(self):
-    method = 'test method'
-    deadline = _FUTURE
-    metadata_tag = object()
-    finish_tag = object()
-    write_tag = object()
-    service_tag = object()
-    read_tag = object()
-    test_data = _BYTE_SEQUENCE_SEQUENCE
-
-    server_data = []
-    client_data = []
-
-    client_call = _low.Call(self.channel, self.client_completion_queue,
-                            method, self.host, deadline)
-
-    client_call.invoke(self.client_completion_queue, metadata_tag, finish_tag)
-
-    self.server.service(service_tag)
-    service_accepted = self.server_events.get()
-    server_call = service_accepted.service_acceptance.call
-
-    server_call.accept(self.server_completion_queue, finish_tag)
-    server_call.premetadata()
-
-    metadata_accepted = self.client_events.get()
-    self.assertIsNotNone(metadata_accepted)
-
-    for datum in test_data:
-      client_call.write(datum, write_tag, 0)
-      write_accepted = self.client_events.get()
-
-      server_call.read(read_tag)
-      read_accepted = self.server_events.get()
-      server_data.append(read_accepted.bytes)
-
-      server_call.write(read_accepted.bytes, write_tag, 0)
-      write_accepted = self.server_events.get()
-      self.assertIsNotNone(write_accepted)
-
-      client_call.read(read_tag)
-      read_accepted = self.client_events.get()
-      client_data.append(read_accepted.bytes)
-
-    client_call.cancel()
-    # cancel() is idempotent.
-    client_call.cancel()
-    client_call.cancel()
-    client_call.cancel()
-
-    server_call.read(read_tag)
-
-    server_terminal_event_one = self.server_events.get()
-    server_terminal_event_two = self.server_events.get()
-    if server_terminal_event_one.kind == _low.Event.Kind.READ_ACCEPTED:
-      read_accepted = server_terminal_event_one
-      rpc_accepted = server_terminal_event_two
-    else:
-      read_accepted = server_terminal_event_two
-      rpc_accepted = server_terminal_event_one
-    self.assertIsNotNone(read_accepted)
-    self.assertIsNotNone(rpc_accepted)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.READ_ACCEPTED, read_accepted.kind)
-    self.assertIsNone(read_accepted.bytes)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.FINISH, rpc_accepted.kind)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Status(_low.Code.CANCELLED, ''), rpc_accepted.status)
-
-    finish_event = self.client_events.get()
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Event.Kind.FINISH, finish_event.kind)
-    self.assertEqual(_low.Status(_low.Code.CANCELLED, 'Cancelled'),
-                                 finish_event.status)
-
-    self.assertSequenceEqual(test_data, server_data)
-    self.assertSequenceEqual(test_data, client_data)
-
-
-class ExpirationTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  @unittest.skip('TODO(nathaniel): Expiration test!')
-  def testExpiration(self):
-    pass
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
-
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_low_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_low_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ec46617996..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_low_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,319 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-import threading
-import time
-import unittest
-
-from grpc import _grpcio_metadata
-from grpc._adapter import _types
-from grpc._adapter import _low
-from tests.unit import test_common
-
-
-def wait_for_events(completion_queues, deadline):
-  """
-  Args:
-    completion_queues: list of completion queues to wait for events on
-    deadline: absolute deadline to wait until
-
-  Returns:
-    a sequence of events of length len(completion_queues).
-  """
-
-  results = [None] * len(completion_queues)
-  lock = threading.Lock()
-  threads = []
-  def set_ith_result(i, completion_queue):
-    result = completion_queue.next(deadline)
-    with lock:
-      results[i] = result
-  for i, completion_queue in enumerate(completion_queues):
-    thread = threading.Thread(target=set_ith_result,
-                              args=[i, completion_queue])
-    thread.start()
-    threads.append(thread)
-  for thread in threads:
-    thread.join()
-  return results
-
-
-class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def setUp(self):
-    self.server_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    self.server = _low.Server(self.server_completion_queue, [])
-    self.port = self.server.add_http2_port('[::]:0')
-    self.client_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    self.client_channel = _low.Channel('localhost:%d'%self.port, [])
-
-    self.server.start()
-
-  def tearDown(self):
-    self.server.shutdown()
-    del self.client_channel
-
-    self.client_completion_queue.shutdown()
-    while (self.client_completion_queue.next(float('+inf')).type !=
-           _types.EventType.QUEUE_SHUTDOWN):
-      pass
-    self.server_completion_queue.shutdown()
-    while (self.server_completion_queue.next(float('+inf')).type !=
-           _types.EventType.QUEUE_SHUTDOWN):
-      pass
-
-    del self.client_completion_queue
-    del self.server_completion_queue
-    del self.server
-
-  def testEcho(self):
-    deadline = time.time() + 5
-    event_time_tolerance = 2
-    deadline_tolerance = 0.25
-    client_metadata_ascii_key = 'key'
-    client_metadata_ascii_value = 'val'
-    client_metadata_bin_key = 'key-bin'
-    client_metadata_bin_value = b'\0'*1000
-    server_initial_metadata_key = 'init_me_me_me'
-    server_initial_metadata_value = 'whodawha?'
-    server_trailing_metadata_key = 'california_is_in_a_drought'
-    server_trailing_metadata_value = 'zomg it is'
-    server_status_code = _types.StatusCode.OK
-    server_status_details = 'our work is never over'
-    request = 'blarghaflargh'
-    response = 'his name is robert paulson'
-    method = 'twinkies'
-    host = 'hostess'
-    server_request_tag = object()
-    request_call_result = self.server.request_call(self.server_completion_queue,
-                                                   server_request_tag)
-
-    self.assertEqual(_types.CallError.OK, request_call_result)
-
-    client_call_tag = object()
-    client_call = self.client_channel.create_call(
-        self.client_completion_queue, method, host, deadline)
-    client_initial_metadata = [
-        (client_metadata_ascii_key, client_metadata_ascii_value),
-        (client_metadata_bin_key, client_metadata_bin_value)
-    ]
-    client_start_batch_result = client_call.start_batch([
-        _types.OpArgs.send_initial_metadata(client_initial_metadata),
-        _types.OpArgs.send_message(request, 0),
-        _types.OpArgs.send_close_from_client(),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_initial_metadata(),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_message(),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_status_on_client()
-    ], client_call_tag)
-    self.assertEqual(_types.CallError.OK, client_start_batch_result)
-
-    client_no_event, request_event, = wait_for_events(
-        [self.client_completion_queue, self.server_completion_queue],
-        time.time() + event_time_tolerance)
-    self.assertEqual(client_no_event, None)
-    self.assertEqual(_types.EventType.OP_COMPLETE, request_event.type)
-    self.assertIsInstance(request_event.call, _low.Call)
-    self.assertIs(server_request_tag, request_event.tag)
-    self.assertEqual(1, len(request_event.results))
-    received_initial_metadata = request_event.results[0].initial_metadata
-    # Check that our metadata were transmitted
-    self.assertTrue(test_common.metadata_transmitted(client_initial_metadata,
-                                                     received_initial_metadata))
-    # Check that Python's user agent string is a part of the full user agent
-    # string
-    received_initial_metadata_dict = dict(received_initial_metadata)
-    self.assertIn('user-agent', received_initial_metadata_dict)
-    self.assertIn('Python-gRPC-{}'.format(_grpcio_metadata.__version__),
-                  received_initial_metadata_dict['user-agent'])
-    self.assertEqual(method, request_event.call_details.method)
-    self.assertEqual(host, request_event.call_details.host)
-    self.assertLess(abs(deadline - request_event.call_details.deadline),
-                    deadline_tolerance)
-
-    # Check that the channel is connected, and that both it and the call have
-    # the proper target and peer; do this after the first flurry of messages to
-    # avoid the possibility that connection was delayed by the core until the
-    # first message was sent.
-    self.assertEqual(_types.ConnectivityState.READY,
-                     self.client_channel.check_connectivity_state(False))
-    self.assertIsNotNone(self.client_channel.target())
-    self.assertIsNotNone(client_call.peer())
-
-    server_call_tag = object()
-    server_call = request_event.call
-    server_initial_metadata = [
-        (server_initial_metadata_key, server_initial_metadata_value)
-    ]
-    server_trailing_metadata = [
-        (server_trailing_metadata_key, server_trailing_metadata_value)
-    ]
-    server_start_batch_result = server_call.start_batch([
-        _types.OpArgs.send_initial_metadata(server_initial_metadata),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_message(),
-        _types.OpArgs.send_message(response, 0),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_close_on_server(),
-        _types.OpArgs.send_status_from_server(
-            server_trailing_metadata, server_status_code, server_status_details)
-    ], server_call_tag)
-    self.assertEqual(_types.CallError.OK, server_start_batch_result)
-
-    client_event, server_event, = wait_for_events(
-        [self.client_completion_queue, self.server_completion_queue],
-        time.time() + event_time_tolerance)
-
-    self.assertEqual(6, len(client_event.results))
-    found_client_op_types = set()
-    for client_result in client_event.results:
-      # we expect each op type to be unique
-      self.assertNotIn(client_result.type, found_client_op_types)
-      found_client_op_types.add(client_result.type)
-      if client_result.type == _types.OpType.RECV_INITIAL_METADATA:
-        self.assertTrue(
-            test_common.metadata_transmitted(server_initial_metadata,
-                                             client_result.initial_metadata))
-      elif client_result.type == _types.OpType.RECV_MESSAGE:
-        self.assertEqual(response, client_result.message)
-      elif client_result.type == _types.OpType.RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT:
-        self.assertTrue(
-            test_common.metadata_transmitted(server_trailing_metadata,
-                                             client_result.trailing_metadata))
-        self.assertEqual(server_status_details, client_result.status.details)
-        self.assertEqual(server_status_code, client_result.status.code)
-    self.assertEqual(set([
-          _types.OpType.SEND_INITIAL_METADATA,
-          _types.OpType.SEND_MESSAGE,
-          _types.OpType.SEND_CLOSE_FROM_CLIENT,
-          _types.OpType.RECV_INITIAL_METADATA,
-          _types.OpType.RECV_MESSAGE,
-          _types.OpType.RECV_STATUS_ON_CLIENT
-      ]), found_client_op_types)
-
-    self.assertEqual(5, len(server_event.results))
-    found_server_op_types = set()
-    for server_result in server_event.results:
-      self.assertNotIn(client_result.type, found_server_op_types)
-      found_server_op_types.add(server_result.type)
-      if server_result.type == _types.OpType.RECV_MESSAGE:
-        self.assertEqual(request, server_result.message)
-      elif server_result.type == _types.OpType.RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER:
-        self.assertFalse(server_result.cancelled)
-    self.assertEqual(set([
-          _types.OpType.SEND_INITIAL_METADATA,
-          _types.OpType.RECV_MESSAGE,
-          _types.OpType.SEND_MESSAGE,
-          _types.OpType.RECV_CLOSE_ON_SERVER,
-          _types.OpType.SEND_STATUS_FROM_SERVER
-      ]), found_server_op_types)
-
-    del client_call
-    del server_call
-
-
-class HangingServerShutdown(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def setUp(self):
-    self.server_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    self.server = _low.Server(self.server_completion_queue, [])
-    self.port = self.server.add_http2_port('[::]:0')
-    self.client_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    self.client_channel = _low.Channel('localhost:%d'%self.port, [])
-
-    self.server.start()
-
-  def tearDown(self):
-    self.server.shutdown()
-    del self.client_channel
-
-    self.client_completion_queue.shutdown()
-    self.server_completion_queue.shutdown()
-    while True:
-      client_event, server_event = wait_for_events(
-          [self.client_completion_queue, self.server_completion_queue],
-          float("+inf"))
-      if (client_event.type == _types.EventType.QUEUE_SHUTDOWN and
-          server_event.type == _types.EventType.QUEUE_SHUTDOWN):
-        break
-
-    del self.client_completion_queue
-    del self.server_completion_queue
-    del self.server
-
-  def testHangingServerCall(self):
-    deadline = time.time() + 5
-    deadline_tolerance = 0.25
-    event_time_tolerance = 2
-    cancel_all_calls_time_tolerance = 0.5
-    request = 'blarghaflargh'
-    method = 'twinkies'
-    host = 'hostess'
-    server_request_tag = object()
-    request_call_result = self.server.request_call(self.server_completion_queue,
-                                                   server_request_tag)
-
-    client_call_tag = object()
-    client_call = self.client_channel.create_call(self.client_completion_queue,
-                                                  method, host, deadline)
-    client_start_batch_result = client_call.start_batch([
-        _types.OpArgs.send_initial_metadata([]),
-        _types.OpArgs.send_message(request, 0),
-        _types.OpArgs.send_close_from_client(),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_initial_metadata(),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_message(),
-        _types.OpArgs.recv_status_on_client()
-    ], client_call_tag)
-
-    client_no_event, request_event, = wait_for_events(
-        [self.client_completion_queue, self.server_completion_queue],
-        time.time() + event_time_tolerance)
-
-    # Now try to shutdown the server and expect that we see server shutdown
-    # almost immediately after calling cancel_all_calls.
-
-    # First attempt to cancel all calls before shutting down, and expect
-    # our state machine to catch the erroneous API use.
-    with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
-      self.server.cancel_all_calls()
-
-    shutdown_tag = object()
-    self.server.shutdown(shutdown_tag)
-    pre_cancel_timestamp = time.time()
-    self.server.cancel_all_calls()
-    finish_shutdown_timestamp = None
-    client_call_event, server_shutdown_event = wait_for_events(
-        [self.client_completion_queue, self.server_completion_queue],
-        time.time() + event_time_tolerance)
-    self.assertIs(shutdown_tag, server_shutdown_event.tag)
-    self.assertGreater(pre_cancel_timestamp + cancel_all_calls_time_tolerance,
-                       time.time())
-
-    del client_call
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_proto_scenarios.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_proto_scenarios.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7a90eacf77..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/_proto_scenarios.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,262 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Test scenarios using protocol buffers."""
-
-import abc
-import threading
-
-import six
-
-from tests.unit._junkdrawer import math_pb2
-
-
-class ProtoScenario(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """An RPC test scenario using protocol buffers."""
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def method(self):
-    """Access the test method name.
-
-    Returns:
-      The test method name.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    """Serialize a request protocol buffer.
-
-    Args:
-      request: A request protocol buffer.
-
-    Returns:
-      The bytestring serialization of the given request protocol buffer.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def deserialize_request(self, request_bytestring):
-    """Deserialize a request protocol buffer.
-
-    Args:
-      request_bytestring: The bytestring serialization of a request protocol
-        buffer.
-
-    Returns:
-      The request protocol buffer deserialized from the given byte string.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    """Serialize a response protocol buffer.
-
-    Args:
-      response: A response protocol buffer.
-
-    Returns:
-      The bytestring serialization of the given response protocol buffer.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def deserialize_response(self, response_bytestring):
-    """Deserialize a response protocol buffer.
-
-    Args:
-      response_bytestring: The bytestring serialization of a response protocol
-        buffer.
-
-    Returns:
-      The response protocol buffer deserialized from the given byte string.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def requests(self):
-    """Access the sequence of requests for this scenario.
-
-    Returns:
-      A sequence of request protocol buffers.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def response_for_request(self, request):
-    """Access the response for a particular request.
-
-    Args:
-      request: A request protocol buffer.
-
-    Returns:
-      The response protocol buffer appropriate for the given request.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def verify_requests(self, experimental_requests):
-    """Verify the requests transmitted through the system under test.
-
-    Args:
-      experimental_requests: The request protocol buffers transmitted through
-        the system under test.
-
-    Returns:
-      True if the requests satisfy this test scenario; False otherwise.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def verify_responses(self, experimental_responses):
-    """Verify the responses transmitted through the system under test.
-
-    Args:
-      experimental_responses: The response protocol buffers transmitted through
-        the system under test.
-
-    Returns:
-      True if the responses satisfy this test scenario; False otherwise.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class EmptyScenario(ProtoScenario):
-  """A scenario that transmits no protocol buffers in either direction."""
-
-  def method(self):
-    return 'DivMany'
-
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    raise ValueError('This should not be necessary to call!')
-
-  def deserialize_request(self, request_bytestring):
-    raise ValueError('This should not be necessary to call!')
-
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    raise ValueError('This should not be necessary to call!')
-
-  def deserialize_response(self, response_bytestring):
-    raise ValueError('This should not be necessary to call!')
-
-  def requests(self):
-    return ()
-
-  def response_for_request(self, request):
-    raise ValueError('This should not be necessary to call!')
-
-  def verify_requests(self, experimental_requests):
-    return not experimental_requests
-
-  def verify_responses(self, experimental_responses):
-    return not experimental_responses
-
-
-class BidirectionallyUnaryScenario(ProtoScenario):
-  """A scenario that transmits no protocol buffers in either direction."""
-
-  _DIVIDEND = 59
-  _DIVISOR = 7
-  _QUOTIENT = 8
-  _REMAINDER = 3
-
-  _REQUEST = math_pb2.DivArgs(dividend=_DIVIDEND, divisor=_DIVISOR)
-  _RESPONSE = math_pb2.DivReply(quotient=_QUOTIENT, remainder=_REMAINDER)
-
-  def method(self):
-    return 'Div'
-
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    return request.SerializeToString()
-
-  def deserialize_request(self, request_bytestring):
-    return math_pb2.DivArgs.FromString(request_bytestring)
-
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    return response.SerializeToString()
-
-  def deserialize_response(self, response_bytestring):
-    return math_pb2.DivReply.FromString(response_bytestring)
-
-  def requests(self):
-    return [self._REQUEST]
-
-  def response_for_request(self, request):
-    return self._RESPONSE
-
-  def verify_requests(self, experimental_requests):
-    return tuple(experimental_requests) == (self._REQUEST,)
-
-  def verify_responses(self, experimental_responses):
-    return tuple(experimental_responses) == (self._RESPONSE,)
-
-
-class BidirectionallyStreamingScenario(ProtoScenario):
-  """A scenario that transmits no protocol buffers in either direction."""
-
-  _STREAM_LENGTH = 200
-  _REQUESTS = tuple(
-      math_pb2.DivArgs(dividend=59 + index, divisor=7 + index)
-      for index in range(_STREAM_LENGTH))
-
-  def __init__(self):
-    self._lock = threading.Lock()
-    self._responses = []
-
-  def method(self):
-    return 'DivMany'
-
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    return request.SerializeToString()
-
-  def deserialize_request(self, request_bytestring):
-    return math_pb2.DivArgs.FromString(request_bytestring)
-
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    return response.SerializeToString()
-
-  def deserialize_response(self, response_bytestring):
-    return math_pb2.DivReply.FromString(response_bytestring)
-
-  def requests(self):
-    return self._REQUESTS
-
-  def response_for_request(self, request):
-    quotient, remainder = divmod(request.dividend, request.divisor)
-    response = math_pb2.DivReply(quotient=quotient, remainder=remainder)
-    with self._lock:
-      self._responses.append(response)
-    return response
-
-  def verify_requests(self, experimental_requests):
-    return tuple(experimental_requests) == self._REQUESTS
-
-  def verify_responses(self, experimental_responses):
-    with self._lock:
-      return tuple(experimental_responses) == tuple(self._responses)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_core_over_links_base_interface_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_core_over_links_base_interface_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2b8981c752..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_core_over_links_base_interface_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Tests Base interface compliance of the core-over-gRPC-links stack."""
-
-import collections
-import logging
-import random
-import time
-import unittest
-
-import six
-
-from grpc._adapter import _intermediary_low
-from grpc._links import invocation
-from grpc._links import service
-from grpc.beta import interfaces as beta_interfaces
-from grpc.framework.core import implementations
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import utilities
-from tests.unit import test_common as grpc_test_common
-from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import test_cases
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import test_interfaces
-
-
-class _SerializationBehaviors(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        '_SerializationBehaviors',
-        ('request_serializers', 'request_deserializers', 'response_serializers',
-         'response_deserializers',))):
-  pass
-
-
-class _Links(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        '_Links',
-        ('invocation_end_link', 'invocation_grpc_link', 'service_grpc_link',
-         'service_end_link'))):
-  pass
-
-
-def _serialization_behaviors_from_serializations(serializations):
-  request_serializers = {}
-  request_deserializers = {}
-  response_serializers = {}
-  response_deserializers = {}
-  for (group, method), serialization in six.iteritems(serializations):
-    request_serializers[group, method] = serialization.serialize_request
-    request_deserializers[group, method] = serialization.deserialize_request
-    response_serializers[group, method] = serialization.serialize_response
-    response_deserializers[group, method] = serialization.deserialize_response
-  return _SerializationBehaviors(
-      request_serializers, request_deserializers, response_serializers,
-      response_deserializers)
-
-
-class _Implementation(test_interfaces.Implementation):
-
-  def instantiate(self, serializations, servicer):
-    serialization_behaviors = _serialization_behaviors_from_serializations(
-        serializations)
-    invocation_end_link = implementations.invocation_end_link()
-    service_end_link = implementations.service_end_link(
-        servicer, test_constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
-        test_constants.MAXIMUM_TIMEOUT)
-    service_grpc_link = service.service_link(
-        serialization_behaviors.request_deserializers,
-        serialization_behaviors.response_serializers)
-    port = service_grpc_link.add_port('[::]:0', None)
-    channel = _intermediary_low.Channel('localhost:%d' % port, None)
-    invocation_grpc_link = invocation.invocation_link(
-        channel, b'localhost', None,
-        serialization_behaviors.request_serializers,
-        serialization_behaviors.response_deserializers)
-
-    invocation_end_link.join_link(invocation_grpc_link)
-    invocation_grpc_link.join_link(invocation_end_link)
-    service_end_link.join_link(service_grpc_link)
-    service_grpc_link.join_link(service_end_link)
-    invocation_grpc_link.start()
-    service_grpc_link.start()
-    return invocation_end_link, service_end_link, (
-        invocation_grpc_link, service_grpc_link)
-
-  def destantiate(self, memo):
-    invocation_grpc_link, service_grpc_link = memo
-    invocation_grpc_link.stop()
-    service_grpc_link.begin_stop()
-    service_grpc_link.end_stop()
-
-  def invocation_initial_metadata(self):
-    return grpc_test_common.INVOCATION_INITIAL_METADATA
-
-  def service_initial_metadata(self):
-    return grpc_test_common.SERVICE_INITIAL_METADATA
-
-  def invocation_completion(self):
-    return utilities.completion(None, None, None)
-
-  def service_completion(self):
-    return utilities.completion(
-        grpc_test_common.SERVICE_TERMINAL_METADATA,
-        beta_interfaces.StatusCode.OK, grpc_test_common.DETAILS)
-
-  def metadata_transmitted(self, original_metadata, transmitted_metadata):
-    return original_metadata is None or grpc_test_common.metadata_transmitted(
-        original_metadata, transmitted_metadata)
-
-  def completion_transmitted(self, original_completion, transmitted_completion):
-    if (original_completion.terminal_metadata is not None and
-        not grpc_test_common.metadata_transmitted(
-            original_completion.terminal_metadata,
-            transmitted_completion.terminal_metadata)):
-        return False
-    elif original_completion.code is not transmitted_completion.code:
-      return False
-    elif original_completion.message != transmitted_completion.message:
-      return False
-    else:
-      return True
-
-
-def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
-  return unittest.TestSuite(
-      tests=tuple(
-          loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(test_case_class)
-          for test_case_class in test_cases.test_cases(_Implementation())))
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 50b9a5a824..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_crust_over_core_over_links_face_interface_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Tests Face compliance of the crust-over-core-over-gRPC-links stack."""
-
-import collections
-import unittest
-
-import six
-
-from grpc._adapter import _intermediary_low
-from grpc._links import invocation
-from grpc._links import service
-from grpc.beta import interfaces as beta_interfaces
-from grpc.framework.core import implementations as core_implementations
-from grpc.framework.crust import implementations as crust_implementations
-from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import utilities
-from tests.unit import test_common as grpc_test_common
-from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_cases
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces
-
-
-class _SerializationBehaviors(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        '_SerializationBehaviors',
-        ('request_serializers', 'request_deserializers', 'response_serializers',
-         'response_deserializers',))):
-  pass
-
-
-def _serialization_behaviors_from_test_methods(test_methods):
-  request_serializers = {}
-  request_deserializers = {}
-  response_serializers = {}
-  response_deserializers = {}
-  for (group, method), test_method in six.iteritems(test_methods):
-    request_serializers[group, method] = test_method.serialize_request
-    request_deserializers[group, method] = test_method.deserialize_request
-    response_serializers[group, method] = test_method.serialize_response
-    response_deserializers[group, method] = test_method.deserialize_response
-  return _SerializationBehaviors(
-      request_serializers, request_deserializers, response_serializers,
-      response_deserializers)
-
-
-class _Implementation(test_interfaces.Implementation):
-
-  def instantiate(
-      self, methods, method_implementations, multi_method_implementation):
-    pool = logging_pool.pool(test_constants.POOL_SIZE)
-    servicer = crust_implementations.servicer(
-        method_implementations, multi_method_implementation, pool)
-    serialization_behaviors = _serialization_behaviors_from_test_methods(
-        methods)
-    invocation_end_link = core_implementations.invocation_end_link()
-    service_end_link = core_implementations.service_end_link(
-        servicer, test_constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
-        test_constants.MAXIMUM_TIMEOUT)
-    service_grpc_link = service.service_link(
-        serialization_behaviors.request_deserializers,
-        serialization_behaviors.response_serializers)
-    port = service_grpc_link.add_port('[::]:0', None)
-    channel = _intermediary_low.Channel('localhost:%d' % port, None)
-    invocation_grpc_link = invocation.invocation_link(
-        channel, b'localhost', None,
-        serialization_behaviors.request_serializers,
-        serialization_behaviors.response_deserializers)
-
-    invocation_end_link.join_link(invocation_grpc_link)
-    invocation_grpc_link.join_link(invocation_end_link)
-    service_grpc_link.join_link(service_end_link)
-    service_end_link.join_link(service_grpc_link)
-    service_end_link.start()
-    invocation_end_link.start()
-    invocation_grpc_link.start()
-    service_grpc_link.start()
-
-    generic_stub = crust_implementations.generic_stub(invocation_end_link, pool)
-    # TODO(nathaniel): Add a "groups" attribute to _digest.TestServiceDigest.
-    group = next(iter(methods))[0]
-    # TODO(nathaniel): Add a "cardinalities_by_group" attribute to
-    # _digest.TestServiceDigest.
-    cardinalities = {
-        method: method_object.cardinality()
-        for (group, method), method_object in six.iteritems(methods)}
-    dynamic_stub = crust_implementations.dynamic_stub(
-        invocation_end_link, group, cardinalities, pool)
-
-    return generic_stub, {group: dynamic_stub}, (
-        invocation_end_link, invocation_grpc_link, service_grpc_link,
-        service_end_link, pool)
-
-  def destantiate(self, memo):
-    (invocation_end_link, invocation_grpc_link, service_grpc_link,
-     service_end_link, pool) = memo
-    invocation_end_link.stop(0).wait()
-    invocation_grpc_link.stop()
-    service_grpc_link.begin_stop()
-    service_end_link.stop(0).wait()
-    service_grpc_link.end_stop()
-    invocation_end_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-    invocation_grpc_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-    service_grpc_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-    service_end_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-    pool.shutdown(wait=True)
-
-  def invocation_metadata(self):
-    return grpc_test_common.INVOCATION_INITIAL_METADATA
-
-  def initial_metadata(self):
-    return grpc_test_common.SERVICE_INITIAL_METADATA
-
-  def terminal_metadata(self):
-    return grpc_test_common.SERVICE_TERMINAL_METADATA
-
-  def code(self):
-    return beta_interfaces.StatusCode.OK
-
-  def details(self):
-    return grpc_test_common.DETAILS
-
-  def metadata_transmitted(self, original_metadata, transmitted_metadata):
-    return original_metadata is None or grpc_test_common.metadata_transmitted(
-        original_metadata, transmitted_metadata)
-
-
-def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
-  return unittest.TestSuite(
-      tests=tuple(
-          loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(test_case_class)
-          for test_case_class in test_cases.test_cases(_Implementation())))
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/math_pb2.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/math_pb2.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 20165955b4..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/math_pb2.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,266 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-# TODO(nathaniel): Remove this from source control after having made
-# generation from the math.proto source part of GRPC's build-and-test
-# process.
-
-# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
-# source: math.proto
-
-import sys
-_b=sys.version_info[0]<3 and (lambda x:x) or (lambda x:x.encode('latin1'))
-from google.protobuf import descriptor as _descriptor
-from google.protobuf import message as _message
-from google.protobuf import reflection as _reflection
-from google.protobuf import symbol_database as _symbol_database
-from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
-# @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
-
-_sym_db = _symbol_database.Default()
-
-
-
-
-DESCRIPTOR = _descriptor.FileDescriptor(
-  name='math.proto',
-  package='math',
-  serialized_pb=_b('\n\nmath.proto\x12\x04math\",\n\x07\x44ivArgs\x12\x10\n\x08\x64ividend\x18\x01 \x02(\x03\x12\x0f\n\x07\x64ivisor\x18\x02 \x02(\x03\"/\n\x08\x44ivReply\x12\x10\n\x08quotient\x18\x01 \x02(\x03\x12\x11\n\tremainder\x18\x02 \x02(\x03\"\x18\n\x07\x46ibArgs\x12\r\n\x05limit\x18\x01 \x01(\x03\"\x12\n\x03Num\x12\x0b\n\x03num\x18\x01 \x02(\x03\"\x19\n\x08\x46ibReply\x12\r\n\x05\x63ount\x18\x01 \x02(\x03\x32\xa4\x01\n\x04Math\x12&\n\x03\x44iv\x12\r.math.DivArgs\x1a\x0e.math.DivReply\"\x00\x12.\n\x07\x44ivMany\x12\r.math.DivArgs\x1a\x0e.math.DivReply\"\x00(\x01\x30\x01\x12#\n\x03\x46ib\x12\r.math.FibArgs\x1a\t.math.Num\"\x00\x30\x01\x12\x1f\n\x03Sum\x12\t.math.Num\x1a\t.math.Num\"\x00(\x01')
-)
-_sym_db.RegisterFileDescriptor(DESCRIPTOR)
-
-
-
-
-_DIVARGS = _descriptor.Descriptor(
-  name='DivArgs',
-  full_name='math.DivArgs',
-  filename=None,
-  file=DESCRIPTOR,
-  containing_type=None,
-  fields=[
-    _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
-      name='dividend', full_name='math.DivArgs.dividend', index=0,
-      number=1, type=3, cpp_type=2, label=2,
-      has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
-      message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
-      is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
-      options=None),
-    _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
-      name='divisor', full_name='math.DivArgs.divisor', index=1,
-      number=2, type=3, cpp_type=2, label=2,
-      has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
-      message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
-      is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
-      options=None),
-  ],
-  extensions=[
-  ],
-  nested_types=[],
-  enum_types=[
-  ],
-  options=None,
-  is_extendable=False,
-  extension_ranges=[],
-  oneofs=[
-  ],
-  serialized_start=20,
-  serialized_end=64,
-)
-
-
-_DIVREPLY = _descriptor.Descriptor(
-  name='DivReply',
-  full_name='math.DivReply',
-  filename=None,
-  file=DESCRIPTOR,
-  containing_type=None,
-  fields=[
-    _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
-      name='quotient', full_name='math.DivReply.quotient', index=0,
-      number=1, type=3, cpp_type=2, label=2,
-      has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
-      message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
-      is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
-      options=None),
-    _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
-      name='remainder', full_name='math.DivReply.remainder', index=1,
-      number=2, type=3, cpp_type=2, label=2,
-      has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
-      message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
-      is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
-      options=None),
-  ],
-  extensions=[
-  ],
-  nested_types=[],
-  enum_types=[
-  ],
-  options=None,
-  is_extendable=False,
-  extension_ranges=[],
-  oneofs=[
-  ],
-  serialized_start=66,
-  serialized_end=113,
-)
-
-
-_FIBARGS = _descriptor.Descriptor(
-  name='FibArgs',
-  full_name='math.FibArgs',
-  filename=None,
-  file=DESCRIPTOR,
-  containing_type=None,
-  fields=[
-    _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
-      name='limit', full_name='math.FibArgs.limit', index=0,
-      number=1, type=3, cpp_type=2, label=1,
-      has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
-      message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
-      is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
-      options=None),
-  ],
-  extensions=[
-  ],
-  nested_types=[],
-  enum_types=[
-  ],
-  options=None,
-  is_extendable=False,
-  extension_ranges=[],
-  oneofs=[
-  ],
-  serialized_start=115,
-  serialized_end=139,
-)
-
-
-_NUM = _descriptor.Descriptor(
-  name='Num',
-  full_name='math.Num',
-  filename=None,
-  file=DESCRIPTOR,
-  containing_type=None,
-  fields=[
-    _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
-      name='num', full_name='math.Num.num', index=0,
-      number=1, type=3, cpp_type=2, label=2,
-      has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
-      message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
-      is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
-      options=None),
-  ],
-  extensions=[
-  ],
-  nested_types=[],
-  enum_types=[
-  ],
-  options=None,
-  is_extendable=False,
-  extension_ranges=[],
-  oneofs=[
-  ],
-  serialized_start=141,
-  serialized_end=159,
-)
-
-
-_FIBREPLY = _descriptor.Descriptor(
-  name='FibReply',
-  full_name='math.FibReply',
-  filename=None,
-  file=DESCRIPTOR,
-  containing_type=None,
-  fields=[
-    _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
-      name='count', full_name='math.FibReply.count', index=0,
-      number=1, type=3, cpp_type=2, label=2,
-      has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
-      message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
-      is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
-      options=None),
-  ],
-  extensions=[
-  ],
-  nested_types=[],
-  enum_types=[
-  ],
-  options=None,
-  is_extendable=False,
-  extension_ranges=[],
-  oneofs=[
-  ],
-  serialized_start=161,
-  serialized_end=186,
-)
-
-DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['DivArgs'] = _DIVARGS
-DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['DivReply'] = _DIVREPLY
-DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['FibArgs'] = _FIBARGS
-DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['Num'] = _NUM
-DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['FibReply'] = _FIBREPLY
-
-DivArgs = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('DivArgs', (_message.Message,), dict(
-  DESCRIPTOR = _DIVARGS,
-  __module__ = 'math_pb2'
-  # @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:math.DivArgs)
-  ))
-_sym_db.RegisterMessage(DivArgs)
-
-DivReply = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('DivReply', (_message.Message,), dict(
-  DESCRIPTOR = _DIVREPLY,
-  __module__ = 'math_pb2'
-  # @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:math.DivReply)
-  ))
-_sym_db.RegisterMessage(DivReply)
-
-FibArgs = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('FibArgs', (_message.Message,), dict(
-  DESCRIPTOR = _FIBARGS,
-  __module__ = 'math_pb2'
-  # @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:math.FibArgs)
-  ))
-_sym_db.RegisterMessage(FibArgs)
-
-Num = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('Num', (_message.Message,), dict(
-  DESCRIPTOR = _NUM,
-  __module__ = 'math_pb2'
-  # @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:math.Num)
-  ))
-_sym_db.RegisterMessage(Num)
-
-FibReply = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('FibReply', (_message.Message,), dict(
-  DESCRIPTOR = _FIBREPLY,
-  __module__ = 'math_pb2'
-  # @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:math.FibReply)
-  ))
-_sym_db.RegisterMessage(FibReply)
-
-
-# @@protoc_insertion_point(module_scope)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_lonely_invocation_link_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_lonely_invocation_link_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 890755f81c..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_lonely_invocation_link_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""A test of invocation-side code unconnected to an RPC server."""
-
-import unittest
-
-from grpc._adapter import _intermediary_low
-from grpc._links import invocation
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.links import test_cases
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.links import test_utilities
-
-_NULL_BEHAVIOR = lambda unused_argument: None
-
-
-class LonelyInvocationLinkTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def testUpAndDown(self):
-    channel = _intermediary_low.Channel('nonexistent:54321', None)
-    invocation_link = invocation.invocation_link(
-        channel, 'nonexistent', None, {}, {})
-
-    invocation_link.start()
-    invocation_link.stop()
-
-  def _test_lonely_invocation_with_termination(self, termination):
-    test_operation_id = object()
-    test_group = 'test package.Test Service'
-    test_method = 'test method'
-    invocation_link_mate = test_utilities.RecordingLink()
-
-    channel = _intermediary_low.Channel('nonexistent:54321', None)
-    invocation_link = invocation.invocation_link(
-        channel, 'nonexistent', None, {}, {})
-    invocation_link.join_link(invocation_link_mate)
-    invocation_link.start()
-
-    ticket = links.Ticket(
-        test_operation_id, 0, test_group, test_method,
-        links.Ticket.Subscription.FULL, test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT, 1, None,
-        None, None, None, None, termination, None)
-    invocation_link.accept_ticket(ticket)
-    invocation_link_mate.block_until_tickets_satisfy(test_cases.terminated)
-
-    invocation_link.stop()
-
-    self.assertIsNot(
-        invocation_link_mate.tickets()[-1].termination,
-        links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION)
-
-  def testLonelyInvocationLinkWithCommencementTicket(self):
-    self._test_lonely_invocation_with_termination(None)
-
-  def testLonelyInvocationLinkWithEntireTicket(self):
-    self._test_lonely_invocation_with_termination(
-        links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  unittest.main()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_proto_scenarios.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_proto_scenarios.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 50661085f9..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_proto_scenarios.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,262 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Test scenarios using protocol buffers."""
-
-import abc
-import threading
-
-import six
-
-from tests.unit._junkdrawer import math_pb2
-from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
-
-
-class ProtoScenario(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """An RPC test scenario using protocol buffers."""
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def group_and_method(self):
-    """Access the test group and method.
-
-    Returns:
-      The test group and method as a pair.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    """Serialize a request protocol buffer.
-
-    Args:
-      request: A request protocol buffer.
-
-    Returns:
-      The bytestring serialization of the given request protocol buffer.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def deserialize_request(self, request_bytestring):
-    """Deserialize a request protocol buffer.
-
-    Args:
-      request_bytestring: The bytestring serialization of a request protocol
-        buffer.
-
-    Returns:
-      The request protocol buffer deserialized from the given byte string.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    """Serialize a response protocol buffer.
-
-    Args:
-      response: A response protocol buffer.
-
-    Returns:
-      The bytestring serialization of the given response protocol buffer.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def deserialize_response(self, response_bytestring):
-    """Deserialize a response protocol buffer.
-
-    Args:
-      response_bytestring: The bytestring serialization of a response protocol
-        buffer.
-
-    Returns:
-      The response protocol buffer deserialized from the given byte string.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def requests(self):
-    """Access the sequence of requests for this scenario.
-
-    Returns:
-      A sequence of request protocol buffers.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def response_for_request(self, request):
-    """Access the response for a particular request.
-
-    Args:
-      request: A request protocol buffer.
-
-    Returns:
-      The response protocol buffer appropriate for the given request.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def verify_requests(self, experimental_requests):
-    """Verify the requests transmitted through the system under test.
-
-    Args:
-      experimental_requests: The request protocol buffers transmitted through
-        the system under test.
-
-    Returns:
-      True if the requests satisfy this test scenario; False otherwise.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def verify_responses(self, experimental_responses):
-    """Verify the responses transmitted through the system under test.
-
-    Args:
-      experimental_responses: The response protocol buffers transmitted through
-        the system under test.
-
-    Returns:
-      True if the responses satisfy this test scenario; False otherwise.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class EmptyScenario(ProtoScenario):
-  """A scenario that transmits no protocol buffers in either direction."""
-
-  def group_and_method(self):
-    return 'math.Math', 'DivMany'
-
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    raise ValueError('This should not be necessary to call!')
-
-  def deserialize_request(self, request_bytestring):
-    raise ValueError('This should not be necessary to call!')
-
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    raise ValueError('This should not be necessary to call!')
-
-  def deserialize_response(self, response_bytestring):
-    raise ValueError('This should not be necessary to call!')
-
-  def requests(self):
-    return ()
-
-  def response_for_request(self, request):
-    raise ValueError('This should not be necessary to call!')
-
-  def verify_requests(self, experimental_requests):
-    return not experimental_requests
-
-  def verify_responses(self, experimental_responses):
-    return not experimental_responses
-
-
-class BidirectionallyUnaryScenario(ProtoScenario):
-  """A scenario that transmits no protocol buffers in either direction."""
-
-  _DIVIDEND = 59
-  _DIVISOR = 7
-  _QUOTIENT = 8
-  _REMAINDER = 3
-
-  _REQUEST = math_pb2.DivArgs(dividend=_DIVIDEND, divisor=_DIVISOR)
-  _RESPONSE = math_pb2.DivReply(quotient=_QUOTIENT, remainder=_REMAINDER)
-
-  def group_and_method(self):
-    return 'math.Math', 'Div'
-
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    return request.SerializeToString()
-
-  def deserialize_request(self, request_bytestring):
-    return math_pb2.DivArgs.FromString(request_bytestring)
-
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    return response.SerializeToString()
-
-  def deserialize_response(self, response_bytestring):
-    return math_pb2.DivReply.FromString(response_bytestring)
-
-  def requests(self):
-    return [self._REQUEST]
-
-  def response_for_request(self, request):
-    return self._RESPONSE
-
-  def verify_requests(self, experimental_requests):
-    return tuple(experimental_requests) == (self._REQUEST,)
-
-  def verify_responses(self, experimental_responses):
-    return tuple(experimental_responses) == (self._RESPONSE,)
-
-
-class BidirectionallyStreamingScenario(ProtoScenario):
-  """A scenario that transmits no protocol buffers in either direction."""
-
-  _REQUESTS = tuple(
-      math_pb2.DivArgs(dividend=59 + index, divisor=7 + index)
-      for index in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH))
-
-  def __init__(self):
-    self._lock = threading.Lock()
-    self._responses = []
-
-  def group_and_method(self):
-    return 'math.Math', 'DivMany'
-
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    return request.SerializeToString()
-
-  def deserialize_request(self, request_bytestring):
-    return math_pb2.DivArgs.FromString(request_bytestring)
-
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    return response.SerializeToString()
-
-  def deserialize_response(self, response_bytestring):
-    return math_pb2.DivReply.FromString(response_bytestring)
-
-  def requests(self):
-    return self._REQUESTS
-
-  def response_for_request(self, request):
-    quotient, remainder = divmod(request.dividend, request.divisor)
-    response = math_pb2.DivReply(quotient=quotient, remainder=remainder)
-    with self._lock:
-      self._responses.append(response)
-    return response
-
-  def verify_requests(self, experimental_requests):
-    return tuple(experimental_requests) == self._REQUESTS
-
-  def verify_responses(self, experimental_responses):
-    with self._lock:
-      return tuple(experimental_responses) == tuple(self._responses)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_transmission_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_transmission_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 888684d197..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/_transmission_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,239 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Tests transmission of tickets across gRPC-on-the-wire."""
-
-import unittest
-
-from grpc._adapter import _intermediary_low
-from grpc._links import invocation
-from grpc._links import service
-from grpc.beta import interfaces as beta_interfaces
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-from tests.unit import test_common
-from tests.unit._links import _proto_scenarios
-from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.links import test_cases
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.links import test_utilities
-
-_IDENTITY = lambda x: x
-
-
-class TransmissionTest(test_cases.TransmissionTest, unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def create_transmitting_links(self):
-    service_link = service.service_link(
-        {self.group_and_method(): self.deserialize_request},
-        {self.group_and_method(): self.serialize_response})
-    port = service_link.add_port('[::]:0', None)
-    service_link.start()
-    channel = _intermediary_low.Channel('localhost:%d' % port, None)
-    invocation_link = invocation.invocation_link(
-        channel, 'localhost', None,
-        {self.group_and_method(): self.serialize_request},
-        {self.group_and_method(): self.deserialize_response})
-    invocation_link.start()
-    return invocation_link, service_link
-
-  def destroy_transmitting_links(self, invocation_side_link, service_side_link):
-    invocation_side_link.stop()
-    service_side_link.begin_stop()
-    service_side_link.end_stop()
-
-  def create_invocation_initial_metadata(self):
-    return (
-        ('first_invocation_initial_metadata_key', 'just a string value'),
-        ('second_invocation_initial_metadata_key', '0123456789'),
-        ('third_invocation_initial_metadata_key-bin', '\x00\x57' * 100),
-    )
-
-  def create_invocation_terminal_metadata(self):
-    return None
-
-  def create_service_initial_metadata(self):
-    return (
-        ('first_service_initial_metadata_key', 'just another string value'),
-        ('second_service_initial_metadata_key', '9876543210'),
-        ('third_service_initial_metadata_key-bin', '\x00\x59\x02' * 100),
-    )
-
-  def create_service_terminal_metadata(self):
-    return (
-        ('first_service_terminal_metadata_key', 'yet another string value'),
-        ('second_service_terminal_metadata_key', 'abcdefghij'),
-        ('third_service_terminal_metadata_key-bin', '\x00\x37' * 100),
-    )
-
-  def create_invocation_completion(self):
-    return None, None
-
-  def create_service_completion(self):
-    return (
-        beta_interfaces.StatusCode.OK, b'An exuberant test "details" message!')
-
-  def assertMetadataTransmitted(self, original_metadata, transmitted_metadata):
-    self.assertTrue(
-        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
-            original_metadata, transmitted_metadata),
-        '%s erroneously transmitted as %s' % (
-            original_metadata, transmitted_metadata))
-
-
-class RoundTripTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def testZeroMessageRoundTrip(self):
-    test_operation_id = object()
-    test_group = 'test package.Test Group'
-    test_method = 'test method'
-    identity_transformation = {(test_group, test_method): _IDENTITY}
-    test_code = beta_interfaces.StatusCode.OK
-    test_message = 'a test message'
-
-    service_link = service.service_link(
-        identity_transformation, identity_transformation)
-    service_mate = test_utilities.RecordingLink()
-    service_link.join_link(service_mate)
-    port = service_link.add_port('[::]:0', None)
-    service_link.start()
-    channel = _intermediary_low.Channel('localhost:%d' % port, None)
-    invocation_link = invocation.invocation_link(
-        channel, None, None, identity_transformation, identity_transformation)
-    invocation_mate = test_utilities.RecordingLink()
-    invocation_link.join_link(invocation_mate)
-    invocation_link.start()
-
-    invocation_ticket = links.Ticket(
-        test_operation_id, 0, test_group, test_method,
-        links.Ticket.Subscription.FULL, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT, None, None,
-        None, None, None, None, links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION, None)
-    invocation_link.accept_ticket(invocation_ticket)
-    service_mate.block_until_tickets_satisfy(test_cases.terminated)
-
-    service_ticket = links.Ticket(
-        service_mate.tickets()[-1].operation_id, 0, None, None, None, None,
-        None, None, None, None, test_code, test_message,
-        links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION, None)
-    service_link.accept_ticket(service_ticket)
-    invocation_mate.block_until_tickets_satisfy(test_cases.terminated)
-
-    invocation_link.stop()
-    service_link.begin_stop()
-    service_link.end_stop()
-
-    self.assertIs(
-        service_mate.tickets()[-1].termination,
-        links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION)
-    self.assertIs(
-        invocation_mate.tickets()[-1].termination,
-        links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION)
-    self.assertIs(invocation_mate.tickets()[-1].code, test_code)
-    self.assertEqual(invocation_mate.tickets()[-1].message, test_message)
-
-  def _perform_scenario_test(self, scenario):
-    test_operation_id = object()
-    test_group, test_method = scenario.group_and_method()
-    test_code = beta_interfaces.StatusCode.OK
-    test_message = 'a scenario test message'
-
-    service_link = service.service_link(
-        {(test_group, test_method): scenario.deserialize_request},
-        {(test_group, test_method): scenario.serialize_response})
-    service_mate = test_utilities.RecordingLink()
-    service_link.join_link(service_mate)
-    port = service_link.add_port('[::]:0', None)
-    service_link.start()
-    channel = _intermediary_low.Channel('localhost:%d' % port, None)
-    invocation_link = invocation.invocation_link(
-        channel, 'localhost', None,
-        {(test_group, test_method): scenario.serialize_request},
-        {(test_group, test_method): scenario.deserialize_response})
-    invocation_mate = test_utilities.RecordingLink()
-    invocation_link.join_link(invocation_mate)
-    invocation_link.start()
-
-    invocation_ticket = links.Ticket(
-        test_operation_id, 0, test_group, test_method,
-        links.Ticket.Subscription.FULL, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT, None, None,
-        None, None, None, None, None, None)
-    invocation_link.accept_ticket(invocation_ticket)
-    requests = scenario.requests()
-    for request_index, request in enumerate(requests):
-      request_ticket = links.Ticket(
-          test_operation_id, 1 + request_index, None, None, None, None, 1, None,
-          request, None, None, None, None, None)
-      invocation_link.accept_ticket(request_ticket)
-      service_mate.block_until_tickets_satisfy(
-          test_cases.at_least_n_payloads_received_predicate(1 + request_index))
-      response_ticket = links.Ticket(
-          service_mate.tickets()[0].operation_id, request_index, None, None,
-          None, None, 1, None, scenario.response_for_request(request), None,
-          None, None, None, None)
-      service_link.accept_ticket(response_ticket)
-      invocation_mate.block_until_tickets_satisfy(
-          test_cases.at_least_n_payloads_received_predicate(1 + request_index))
-    request_count = len(requests)
-    invocation_completion_ticket = links.Ticket(
-        test_operation_id, request_count + 1, None, None, None, None, None,
-        None, None, None, None, None, links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION,
-        None)
-    invocation_link.accept_ticket(invocation_completion_ticket)
-    service_mate.block_until_tickets_satisfy(test_cases.terminated)
-    service_completion_ticket = links.Ticket(
-        service_mate.tickets()[0].operation_id, request_count, None, None, None,
-        None, None, None, None, None, test_code, test_message,
-        links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION, None)
-    service_link.accept_ticket(service_completion_ticket)
-    invocation_mate.block_until_tickets_satisfy(test_cases.terminated)
-
-    invocation_link.stop()
-    service_link.begin_stop()
-    service_link.end_stop()
-
-    observed_requests = tuple(
-        ticket.payload for ticket in service_mate.tickets()
-        if ticket.payload is not None)
-    observed_responses = tuple(
-        ticket.payload for ticket in invocation_mate.tickets()
-        if ticket.payload is not None)
-    self.assertTrue(scenario.verify_requests(observed_requests))
-    self.assertTrue(scenario.verify_responses(observed_responses))
-
-  def testEmptyScenario(self):
-    self._perform_scenario_test(_proto_scenarios.EmptyScenario())
-
-  def testBidirectionallyUnaryScenario(self):
-    self._perform_scenario_test(_proto_scenarios.BidirectionallyUnaryScenario())
-
-  def testBidirectionallyStreamingScenario(self):
-    self._perform_scenario_test(
-        _proto_scenarios.BidirectionallyStreamingScenario())
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_connectivity_channel_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_connectivity_channel_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5dc8720639..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_connectivity_channel_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Tests of grpc.beta._connectivity_channel."""
-
-import threading
-import time
-import unittest
-
-from grpc._adapter import _low
-from grpc._adapter import _types
-from grpc.beta import _connectivity_channel
-from grpc.beta import interfaces
-from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
-
-
-def _drive_completion_queue(completion_queue):
-  while True:
-    event = completion_queue.next(time.time() + 24 * 60 * 60)
-    if event.type == _types.EventType.QUEUE_SHUTDOWN:
-      break
-
-
-class _Callback(object):
-
-  def __init__(self):
-    self._condition = threading.Condition()
-    self._connectivities = []
-
-  def update(self, connectivity):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._connectivities.append(connectivity)
-      self._condition.notify()
-
-  def connectivities(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      return tuple(self._connectivities)
-
-  def block_until_connectivities_satisfy(self, predicate):
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        connectivities = tuple(self._connectivities)
-        if predicate(connectivities):
-          return connectivities
-        else:
-          self._condition.wait()
-
-
-class ChannelConnectivityTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def test_lonely_channel_connectivity(self):
-    low_channel = _low.Channel('localhost:12345', ())
-    callback = _Callback()
-
-    connectivity_channel = _connectivity_channel.ConnectivityChannel(
-        low_channel)
-    connectivity_channel.subscribe(callback.update, try_to_connect=False)
-    first_connectivities = callback.block_until_connectivities_satisfy(bool)
-    connectivity_channel.subscribe(callback.update, try_to_connect=True)
-    second_connectivities = callback.block_until_connectivities_satisfy(
-        lambda connectivities: 2 <= len(connectivities))
-    # Wait for a connection that will never happen.
-    time.sleep(test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
-    third_connectivities = callback.connectivities()
-    connectivity_channel.unsubscribe(callback.update)
-    fourth_connectivities = callback.connectivities()
-    connectivity_channel.unsubscribe(callback.update)
-    fifth_connectivities = callback.connectivities()
-
-    self.assertSequenceEqual(
-        (interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.IDLE,), first_connectivities)
-    self.assertNotIn(
-        interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.READY, second_connectivities)
-    self.assertNotIn(
-        interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.READY, third_connectivities)
-    self.assertNotIn(
-        interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.READY, fourth_connectivities)
-    self.assertNotIn(
-        interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.READY, fifth_connectivities)
-
-  def test_immediately_connectable_channel_connectivity(self):
-    server_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    server = _low.Server(server_completion_queue, [])
-    port = server.add_http2_port('[::]:0')
-    server.start()
-    server_completion_queue_thread = threading.Thread(
-        target=_drive_completion_queue, args=(server_completion_queue,))
-    server_completion_queue_thread.start()
-    low_channel = _low.Channel('localhost:%d' % port, ())
-    first_callback = _Callback()
-    second_callback = _Callback()
-
-    connectivity_channel = _connectivity_channel.ConnectivityChannel(
-        low_channel)
-    connectivity_channel.subscribe(first_callback.update, try_to_connect=False)
-    first_connectivities = first_callback.block_until_connectivities_satisfy(
-        bool)
-    # Wait for a connection that will never happen because try_to_connect=True
-    # has not yet been passed.
-    time.sleep(test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
-    second_connectivities = first_callback.connectivities()
-    connectivity_channel.subscribe(second_callback.update, try_to_connect=True)
-    third_connectivities = first_callback.block_until_connectivities_satisfy(
-        lambda connectivities: 2 <= len(connectivities))
-    fourth_connectivities = second_callback.block_until_connectivities_satisfy(
-        bool)
-    # Wait for a connection that will happen (or may already have happened).
-    first_callback.block_until_connectivities_satisfy(
-        lambda connectivities:
-        interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.READY in connectivities)
-    second_callback.block_until_connectivities_satisfy(
-        lambda connectivities:
-        interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.READY in connectivities)
-    connectivity_channel.unsubscribe(first_callback.update)
-    connectivity_channel.unsubscribe(second_callback.update)
-
-    server.shutdown()
-    server_completion_queue.shutdown()
-    server_completion_queue_thread.join()
-
-    self.assertSequenceEqual(
-        (interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.IDLE,), first_connectivities)
-    self.assertSequenceEqual(
-        (interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.IDLE,), second_connectivities)
-    self.assertNotIn(
-        interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, third_connectivities)
-    self.assertNotIn(
-        interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.FATAL_FAILURE, third_connectivities)
-    self.assertNotIn(
-        interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.TRANSIENT_FAILURE,
-        fourth_connectivities)
-    self.assertNotIn(
-        interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.FATAL_FAILURE, fourth_connectivities)
-
-  def test_reachable_then_unreachable_channel_connectivity(self):
-    server_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    server = _low.Server(server_completion_queue, [])
-    port = server.add_http2_port('[::]:0')
-    server.start()
-    server_completion_queue_thread = threading.Thread(
-        target=_drive_completion_queue, args=(server_completion_queue,))
-    server_completion_queue_thread.start()
-    low_channel = _low.Channel('localhost:%d' % port, ())
-    callback = _Callback()
-
-    connectivity_channel = _connectivity_channel.ConnectivityChannel(
-        low_channel)
-    connectivity_channel.subscribe(callback.update, try_to_connect=True)
-    callback.block_until_connectivities_satisfy(
-        lambda connectivities:
-        interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.READY in connectivities)
-    # Now take down the server and confirm that channel readiness is repudiated.
-    server.shutdown()
-    callback.block_until_connectivities_satisfy(
-        lambda connectivities:
-        connectivities[-1] is not interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.READY)
-    connectivity_channel.unsubscribe(callback.update)
-
-    server.shutdown()
-    server_completion_queue.shutdown()
-    server_completion_queue_thread.join()
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 43457be362..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/_crust_over_core_face_interface_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Tests Face interface compliance of the crust-over-core stack."""
-
-import collections
-import unittest
-
-import six
-
-from grpc.framework.core import implementations as core_implementations
-from grpc.framework.crust import implementations as crust_implementations
-from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import utilities
-from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_cases
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.face import test_interfaces
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.links import test_utilities
-
-
-class _Implementation(test_interfaces.Implementation):
-
-  def instantiate(
-      self, methods, method_implementations, multi_method_implementation):
-    pool = logging_pool.pool(test_constants.POOL_SIZE)
-    servicer = crust_implementations.servicer(
-        method_implementations, multi_method_implementation, pool)
-
-    service_end_link = core_implementations.service_end_link(
-        servicer, test_constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
-        test_constants.MAXIMUM_TIMEOUT)
-    invocation_end_link = core_implementations.invocation_end_link()
-    invocation_end_link.join_link(service_end_link)
-    service_end_link.join_link(invocation_end_link)
-    service_end_link.start()
-    invocation_end_link.start()
-
-    generic_stub = crust_implementations.generic_stub(invocation_end_link, pool)
-    # TODO(nathaniel): Add a "groups" attribute to _digest.TestServiceDigest.
-    group = next(iter(methods))[0]
-    # TODO(nathaniel): Add a "cardinalities_by_group" attribute to
-    # _digest.TestServiceDigest.
-    cardinalities = {
-        method: method_object.cardinality()
-        for (group, method), method_object in six.iteritems(methods)}
-    dynamic_stub = crust_implementations.dynamic_stub(
-        invocation_end_link, group, cardinalities, pool)
-
-    return generic_stub, {group: dynamic_stub}, (
-        invocation_end_link, service_end_link, pool)
-
-  def destantiate(self, memo):
-    invocation_end_link, service_end_link, pool = memo
-    invocation_end_link.stop(0).wait()
-    service_end_link.stop(0).wait()
-    invocation_end_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-    service_end_link.join_link(utilities.NULL_LINK)
-    pool.shutdown(wait=True)
-
-  def invocation_metadata(self):
-    return object()
-
-  def initial_metadata(self):
-    return object()
-
-  def terminal_metadata(self):
-    return object()
-
-  def code(self):
-    return object()
-
-  def details(self):
-    return object()
-
-  def metadata_transmitted(self, original_metadata, transmitted_metadata):
-    return original_metadata is transmitted_metadata
-
-
-def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
-  return unittest.TestSuite(
-      tests=tuple(
-          loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(test_case_class)
-          for test_case_class in test_cases.test_cases(_Implementation())))
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/core/_base_interface_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/core/_base_interface_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1310292306..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/core/_base_interface_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Tests the RPC Framework Core's implementation of the Base interface."""
-
-import logging
-import random
-import time
-import unittest
-
-from grpc.framework.core import implementations
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import utilities
-from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import test_cases
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import test_interfaces
-
-
-class _Implementation(test_interfaces.Implementation):
-
-  def __init__(self):
-    self._invocation_initial_metadata = object()
-    self._service_initial_metadata = object()
-    self._invocation_terminal_metadata = object()
-    self._service_terminal_metadata = object()
-
-  def instantiate(self, serializations, servicer):
-    invocation = implementations.invocation_end_link()
-    service = implementations.service_end_link(
-        servicer, test_constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
-        test_constants.MAXIMUM_TIMEOUT)
-    invocation.join_link(service)
-    service.join_link(invocation)
-    return invocation, service, None
-
-  def destantiate(self, memo):
-    pass
-
-  def invocation_initial_metadata(self):
-    return self._invocation_initial_metadata
-
-  def service_initial_metadata(self):
-    return self._service_initial_metadata
-
-  def invocation_completion(self):
-    return utilities.completion(self._invocation_terminal_metadata, None, None)
-
-  def service_completion(self):
-    return utilities.completion(self._service_terminal_metadata, None, None)
-
-  def metadata_transmitted(self, original_metadata, transmitted_metadata):
-    return transmitted_metadata is original_metadata
-
-  def completion_transmitted(self, original_completion, transmitted_completion):
-    return (
-        (original_completion.terminal_metadata is
-         transmitted_completion.terminal_metadata) and
-        original_completion.code is transmitted_completion.code and
-        original_completion.message is transmitted_completion.message
-    )
-
-
-def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
-  return unittest.TestSuite(
-      tests=tuple(
-          loader.loadTestsFromTestCase(test_case_class)
-          for test_case_class in test_cases.test_cases(_Implementation())))
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/_later_test.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/_later_test.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c2459e185..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/_later_test.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Tests of the later module."""
-
-import threading
-import time
-import unittest
-
-from grpc.framework.foundation import later
-
-TICK = 0.1
-
-
-class LaterTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def test_simple_delay(self):
-    lock = threading.Lock()
-    cell = [0]
-    return_value = object()
-
-    def computation():
-      with lock:
-        cell[0] += 1
-      return return_value
-    computation_future = later.later(TICK * 2, computation)
-
-    self.assertFalse(computation_future.done())
-    self.assertFalse(computation_future.cancelled())
-    time.sleep(TICK)
-    self.assertFalse(computation_future.done())
-    self.assertFalse(computation_future.cancelled())
-    with lock:
-      self.assertEqual(0, cell[0])
-    time.sleep(TICK * 2)
-    self.assertTrue(computation_future.done())
-    self.assertFalse(computation_future.cancelled())
-    with lock:
-      self.assertEqual(1, cell[0])
-    self.assertEqual(return_value, computation_future.result())
-
-  def test_callback(self):
-    lock = threading.Lock()
-    cell = [0]
-    callback_called = [False]
-    future_passed_to_callback = [None]
-    def computation():
-      with lock:
-        cell[0] += 1
-    computation_future = later.later(TICK * 2, computation)
-    def callback(outcome):
-      with lock:
-        callback_called[0] = True
-        future_passed_to_callback[0] = outcome
-    computation_future.add_done_callback(callback)
-    time.sleep(TICK)
-    with lock:
-      self.assertFalse(callback_called[0])
-    time.sleep(TICK * 2)
-    with lock:
-      self.assertTrue(callback_called[0])
-      self.assertTrue(future_passed_to_callback[0].done())
-
-      callback_called[0] = False
-      future_passed_to_callback[0] = None
-
-    computation_future.add_done_callback(callback)
-    with lock:
-      self.assertTrue(callback_called[0])
-      self.assertTrue(future_passed_to_callback[0].done())
-
-  def test_cancel(self):
-    lock = threading.Lock()
-    cell = [0]
-    callback_called = [False]
-    future_passed_to_callback = [None]
-    def computation():
-      with lock:
-        cell[0] += 1
-    computation_future = later.later(TICK * 2, computation)
-    def callback(outcome):
-      with lock:
-        callback_called[0] = True
-        future_passed_to_callback[0] = outcome
-    computation_future.add_done_callback(callback)
-    time.sleep(TICK)
-    with lock:
-      self.assertFalse(callback_called[0])
-    computation_future.cancel()
-    self.assertTrue(computation_future.cancelled())
-    self.assertFalse(computation_future.running())
-    self.assertTrue(computation_future.done())
-    with lock:
-      self.assertTrue(callback_called[0])
-      self.assertTrue(future_passed_to_callback[0].cancelled())
-
-  def test_result(self):
-    lock = threading.Lock()
-    cell = [0]
-    callback_called = [False]
-    future_passed_to_callback_cell = [None]
-    return_value = object()
-
-    def computation():
-      with lock:
-        cell[0] += 1
-      return return_value
-    computation_future = later.later(TICK * 2, computation)
-
-    def callback(future_passed_to_callback):
-      with lock:
-        callback_called[0] = True
-        future_passed_to_callback_cell[0] = future_passed_to_callback
-    computation_future.add_done_callback(callback)
-    returned_value = computation_future.result()
-    self.assertEqual(return_value, returned_value)
-
-    # The callback may not yet have been called! Sleep a tick.
-    time.sleep(TICK)
-    with lock:
-      self.assertTrue(callback_called[0])
-      self.assertEqual(return_value, future_passed_to_callback_cell[0].result())
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7086519106..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 7086519106..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_control.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_control.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 0eb38abf22..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_control.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,570 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Part of the tests of the base interface of RPC Framework."""
-
-from __future__ import division
-
-import abc
-import collections
-import enum
-import random  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-import threading
-import time
-
-import six
-
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import _sequence
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import _state
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import test_interfaces  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-
-_GROUP = 'base test cases test group'
-_METHOD = 'base test cases test method'
-
-_PAYLOAD_RANDOM_SECTION_MAXIMUM_SIZE = test_constants.PAYLOAD_SIZE // 20
-_MINIMUM_PAYLOAD_SIZE = test_constants.PAYLOAD_SIZE // 600
-
-
-def _create_payload(randomness):
-  length = randomness.randint(
-      _MINIMUM_PAYLOAD_SIZE, test_constants.PAYLOAD_SIZE)
-  random_section_length = randomness.randint(
-      0, min(_PAYLOAD_RANDOM_SECTION_MAXIMUM_SIZE, length))
-  random_section = bytes(
-      bytearray(
-          randomness.getrandbits(8) for _ in range(random_section_length)))
-  sevens_section = b'\x07' * (length - random_section_length)
-  return b''.join(randomness.sample((random_section, sevens_section), 2))
-
-
-def _anything_in_flight(state):
-  return (
-      state.invocation_initial_metadata_in_flight is not None or
-      state.invocation_payloads_in_flight or
-      state.invocation_completion_in_flight is not None or
-      state.service_initial_metadata_in_flight is not None or
-      state.service_payloads_in_flight or
-      state.service_completion_in_flight is not None or
-      0 < state.invocation_allowance_in_flight or
-      0 < state.service_allowance_in_flight
-  )
-
-
-def _verify_service_advance_and_update_state(
-    initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance, state, implementation):
-  if initial_metadata is not None:
-    if state.invocation_initial_metadata_received:
-      return 'Later invocation initial metadata received: %s' % (
-          initial_metadata,)
-    if state.invocation_payloads_received:
-      return 'Invocation initial metadata received after payloads: %s' % (
-          state.invocation_payloads_received)
-    if state.invocation_completion_received:
-      return 'Invocation initial metadata received after invocation completion!'
-    if not implementation.metadata_transmitted(
-        state.invocation_initial_metadata_in_flight, initial_metadata):
-      return 'Invocation initial metadata maltransmitted: %s, %s' % (
-          state.invocation_initial_metadata_in_flight, initial_metadata)
-    else:
-      state.invocation_initial_metadata_in_flight = None
-      state.invocation_initial_metadata_received = True
-
-  if payload is not None:
-    if state.invocation_completion_received:
-      return 'Invocation payload received after invocation completion!'
-    elif not state.invocation_payloads_in_flight:
-      return 'Invocation payload "%s" received but not in flight!' % (payload,)
-    elif state.invocation_payloads_in_flight[0] != payload:
-      return 'Invocation payload mismatch: %s, %s' % (
-          state.invocation_payloads_in_flight[0], payload)
-    elif state.service_side_invocation_allowance < 1:
-      return 'Disallowed invocation payload!'
-    else:
-      state.invocation_payloads_in_flight.pop(0)
-      state.invocation_payloads_received += 1
-      state.service_side_invocation_allowance -= 1
-
-  if completion is not None:
-    if state.invocation_completion_received:
-      return 'Later invocation completion received: %s' % (completion,)
-    elif not implementation.completion_transmitted(
-        state.invocation_completion_in_flight, completion):
-      return 'Invocation completion maltransmitted: %s, %s' % (
-          state.invocation_completion_in_flight, completion)
-    else:
-      state.invocation_completion_in_flight = None
-      state.invocation_completion_received = True
-
-  if allowance is not None:
-    if allowance <= 0:
-      return 'Illegal allowance value: %s' % (allowance,)
-    else:
-      state.service_allowance_in_flight -= allowance
-      state.service_side_service_allowance += allowance
-
-
-def _verify_invocation_advance_and_update_state(
-    initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance, state, implementation):
-  if initial_metadata is not None:
-    if state.service_initial_metadata_received:
-      return 'Later service initial metadata received: %s' % (initial_metadata,)
-    if state.service_payloads_received:
-      return 'Service initial metadata received after service payloads: %s' % (
-          state.service_payloads_received)
-    if state.service_completion_received:
-      return 'Service initial metadata received after service completion!'
-    if not implementation.metadata_transmitted(
-        state.service_initial_metadata_in_flight, initial_metadata):
-      return 'Service initial metadata maltransmitted: %s, %s' % (
-          state.service_initial_metadata_in_flight, initial_metadata)
-    else:
-      state.service_initial_metadata_in_flight = None
-      state.service_initial_metadata_received = True
-
-  if payload is not None:
-    if state.service_completion_received:
-      return 'Service payload received after service completion!'
-    elif not state.service_payloads_in_flight:
-      return 'Service payload "%s" received but not in flight!' % (payload,)
-    elif state.service_payloads_in_flight[0] != payload:
-      return 'Service payload mismatch: %s, %s' % (
-          state.invocation_payloads_in_flight[0], payload)
-    elif state.invocation_side_service_allowance < 1:
-      return 'Disallowed service payload!'
-    else:
-      state.service_payloads_in_flight.pop(0)
-      state.service_payloads_received += 1
-      state.invocation_side_service_allowance -= 1
-
-  if completion is not None:
-    if state.service_completion_received:
-      return 'Later service completion received: %s' % (completion,)
-    elif not implementation.completion_transmitted(
-        state.service_completion_in_flight, completion):
-      return 'Service completion maltransmitted: %s, %s' % (
-          state.service_completion_in_flight, completion)
-    else:
-      state.service_completion_in_flight = None
-      state.service_completion_received = True
-
-  if allowance is not None:
-    if allowance <= 0:
-      return 'Illegal allowance value: %s' % (allowance,)
-    else:
-      state.invocation_allowance_in_flight -= allowance
-      state.invocation_side_service_allowance += allowance
-
-
-class Invocation(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        'Invocation',
-        ('group', 'method', 'subscription_kind', 'timeout', 'initial_metadata',
-         'payload', 'completion',))):
-  """A description of operation invocation.
-
-  Attributes:
-    group: The group identifier for the operation.
-    method: The method identifier for the operation.
-    subscription_kind: A base.Subscription.Kind value describing the kind of
-      subscription to use for the operation.
-    timeout: A duration in seconds to pass as the timeout value for the
-      operation.
-    initial_metadata: An object to pass as the initial metadata for the
-      operation or None.
-    payload: An object to pass as a payload value for the operation or None.
-    completion: An object to pass as a completion value for the operation or
-      None.
-  """
-
-
-class OnAdvance(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        'OnAdvance',
-        ('kind', 'initial_metadata', 'payload', 'completion', 'allowance'))):
-  """Describes action to be taken in a test in response to an advance call.
-
-  Attributes:
-    kind: A Kind value describing the overall kind of response.
-    initial_metadata: An initial metadata value to pass to a call of the advance
-      method of the operator under test. Only valid if kind is Kind.ADVANCE and
-      may be None.
-    payload: A payload value to pass to a call of the advance method of the
-      operator under test. Only valid if kind is Kind.ADVANCE and may be None.
-    completion: A base.Completion value to pass to a call of the advance method
-      of the operator under test. Only valid if kind is Kind.ADVANCE and may be
-      None.
-    allowance: An allowance value to pass to a call of the advance method of the
-      operator under test. Only valid if kind is Kind.ADVANCE and may be None.
-  """
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Kind(enum.Enum):
-    ADVANCE = 'advance'
-    DEFECT = 'defect'
-    IDLE = 'idle'
-
-
-_DEFECT_ON_ADVANCE = OnAdvance(OnAdvance.Kind.DEFECT, None, None, None, None)
-_IDLE_ON_ADVANCE = OnAdvance(OnAdvance.Kind.IDLE, None, None, None, None)
-
-
-class Instruction(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        'Instruction',
-        ('kind', 'advance_args', 'advance_kwargs', 'conclude_success',
-         'conclude_message', 'conclude_invocation_outcome_kind',
-         'conclude_service_outcome_kind',))):
-  """"""
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Kind(enum.Enum):
-    ADVANCE = 'ADVANCE'
-    CANCEL = 'CANCEL'
-    CONCLUDE = 'CONCLUDE'
-
-
-class Controller(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def failed(self, message):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def deserialize_request(self, serialized_request):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def deserialize_response(self, serialized_response):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def invocation(self):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def poll(self):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def on_service_advance(
-      self, initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def on_invocation_advance(
-      self, initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def service_on_termination(self, outcome):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def invocation_on_termination(self, outcome):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class ControllerCreator(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def name(self):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def controller(self, implementation, randomness):
-    """"""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class _Remainder(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        '_Remainder',
-        ('invocation_payloads', 'service_payloads', 'invocation_completion',
-         'service_completion',))):
-  """Describes work remaining to be done in a portion of a test.
-
-  Attributes:
-    invocation_payloads: The number of payloads to be sent from the invocation
-      side of the operation to the service side of the operation.
-    service_payloads: The number of payloads to be sent from the service side of
-      the operation to the invocation side of the operation.
-    invocation_completion: Whether or not completion from the invocation side of
-      the operation should be indicated and has yet to be indicated.
-    service_completion: Whether or not completion from the service side of the
-      operation should be indicated and has yet to be indicated.
-  """
-
-
-class _SequenceController(Controller):
-
-  def __init__(self, sequence, implementation, randomness):
-    """Constructor.
-
-    Args:
-      sequence: A _sequence.Sequence describing the steps to be taken in the
-        test at a relatively high level.
-      implementation: A test_interfaces.Implementation encapsulating the
-        base interface implementation that is the system under test.
-      randomness: A random.Random instance for use in the test.
-    """
-    self._condition = threading.Condition()
-    self._sequence = sequence
-    self._implementation = implementation
-    self._randomness = randomness
-
-    self._until = None
-    self._remaining_elements = None
-    self._poll_next = None
-    self._message = None
-
-    self._state = _state.OperationState()
-    self._todo = None
-
-  # called with self._condition
-  def _failed(self, message):
-    self._message = message
-    self._condition.notify_all()
-
-  def _passed(self, invocation_outcome, service_outcome):
-    self._poll_next = Instruction(
-        Instruction.Kind.CONCLUDE, None, None, True, None, invocation_outcome,
-        service_outcome)
-    self._condition.notify_all()
-
-  def failed(self, message):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._failed(message)
-
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    return request + request
-
-  def deserialize_request(self, serialized_request):
-    return serialized_request[:len(serialized_request) // 2]
-
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    return response * 3
-
-  def deserialize_response(self, serialized_response):
-    return serialized_response[2 * len(serialized_response) // 3:]
-
-  def invocation(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._until = time.time() + self._sequence.maximum_duration
-      self._remaining_elements = list(self._sequence.elements)
-      if self._sequence.invocation.initial_metadata:
-        initial_metadata = self._implementation.invocation_initial_metadata()
-        self._state.invocation_initial_metadata_in_flight = initial_metadata
-      else:
-        initial_metadata = None
-      if self._sequence.invocation.payload:
-        payload = _create_payload(self._randomness)
-        self._state.invocation_payloads_in_flight.append(payload)
-      else:
-        payload = None
-      if self._sequence.invocation.complete:
-        completion = self._implementation.invocation_completion()
-        self._state.invocation_completion_in_flight = completion
-      else:
-        completion = None
-      return Invocation(
-          _GROUP, _METHOD, base.Subscription.Kind.FULL,
-          self._sequence.invocation.timeout, initial_metadata, payload,
-          completion)
-
-  def poll(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      while True:
-        if self._message is not None:
-          return Instruction(
-              Instruction.Kind.CONCLUDE, None, None, False, self._message, None,
-              None)
-        elif self._poll_next:
-          poll_next = self._poll_next
-          self._poll_next = None
-          return poll_next
-        elif self._until < time.time():
-          return Instruction(
-              Instruction.Kind.CONCLUDE, None, None, False,
-              'overran allotted time!', None, None)
-        else:
-          self._condition.wait(timeout=self._until-time.time())
-
-  def on_service_advance(
-      self, initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance):
-    with self._condition:
-      message = _verify_service_advance_and_update_state(
-          initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance, self._state,
-          self._implementation)
-      if message is not None:
-        self._failed(message)
-      if self._todo is not None:
-        raise ValueError('TODO!!!')
-      elif _anything_in_flight(self._state):
-        return _IDLE_ON_ADVANCE
-      elif self._remaining_elements:
-        element = self._remaining_elements.pop(0)
-        if element.kind is _sequence.Element.Kind.SERVICE_TRANSMISSION:
-          if element.transmission.initial_metadata:
-            initial_metadata = self._implementation.service_initial_metadata()
-            self._state.service_initial_metadata_in_flight = initial_metadata
-          else:
-            initial_metadata = None
-          if element.transmission.payload:
-            payload = _create_payload(self._randomness)
-            self._state.service_payloads_in_flight.append(payload)
-            self._state.service_side_service_allowance -= 1
-          else:
-            payload = None
-          if element.transmission.complete:
-            completion = self._implementation.service_completion()
-            self._state.service_completion_in_flight = completion
-          else:
-            completion = None
-          if (not self._state.invocation_completion_received and
-              0 <= self._state.service_side_invocation_allowance):
-            allowance = 1
-            self._state.service_side_invocation_allowance += 1
-            self._state.invocation_allowance_in_flight += 1
-          else:
-            allowance = None
-          return OnAdvance(
-              OnAdvance.Kind.ADVANCE, initial_metadata, payload, completion,
-              allowance)
-        else:
-          raise ValueError('TODO!!!')
-      else:
-        return _IDLE_ON_ADVANCE
-
-  def on_invocation_advance(
-      self, initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance):
-    with self._condition:
-      message = _verify_invocation_advance_and_update_state(
-          initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance, self._state,
-          self._implementation)
-      if message is not None:
-        self._failed(message)
-      if self._todo is not None:
-        raise ValueError('TODO!!!')
-      elif _anything_in_flight(self._state):
-        return _IDLE_ON_ADVANCE
-      elif self._remaining_elements:
-        element = self._remaining_elements.pop(0)
-        if element.kind is _sequence.Element.Kind.INVOCATION_TRANSMISSION:
-          if element.transmission.initial_metadata:
-            initial_metadata = self._implementation.invocation_initial_metadata()
-            self._state.invocation_initial_metadata_in_fight = initial_metadata
-          else:
-            initial_metadata = None
-          if element.transmission.payload:
-            payload = _create_payload(self._randomness)
-            self._state.invocation_payloads_in_flight.append(payload)
-            self._state.invocation_side_invocation_allowance -= 1
-          else:
-            payload = None
-          if element.transmission.complete:
-            completion = self._implementation.invocation_completion()
-            self._state.invocation_completion_in_flight = completion
-          else:
-            completion = None
-          if (not self._state.service_completion_received and
-              0 <= self._state.invocation_side_service_allowance):
-            allowance = 1
-            self._state.invocation_side_service_allowance += 1
-            self._state.service_allowance_in_flight += 1
-          else:
-            allowance = None
-          return OnAdvance(
-              OnAdvance.Kind.ADVANCE, initial_metadata, payload, completion,
-              allowance)
-        else:
-          raise ValueError('TODO!!!')
-      else:
-        return _IDLE_ON_ADVANCE
-
-  def service_on_termination(self, outcome):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._state.service_side_outcome = outcome
-      if self._todo is not None or self._remaining_elements:
-        self._failed('Premature service-side outcome %s!' % (outcome,))
-      elif outcome.kind is not self._sequence.outcome_kinds.service:
-        self._failed(
-            'Incorrect service-side outcome kind: %s should have been %s' % (
-                outcome.kind, self._sequence.outcome_kinds.service))
-      elif self._state.invocation_side_outcome is not None:
-        self._passed(self._state.invocation_side_outcome.kind, outcome.kind)
-
-  def invocation_on_termination(self, outcome):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._state.invocation_side_outcome = outcome
-      if self._todo is not None or self._remaining_elements:
-        self._failed('Premature invocation-side outcome %s!' % (outcome,))
-      elif outcome.kind is not self._sequence.outcome_kinds.invocation:
-        self._failed(
-            'Incorrect invocation-side outcome kind: %s should have been %s' % (
-                outcome.kind, self._sequence.outcome_kinds.invocation))
-      elif self._state.service_side_outcome is not None:
-        self._passed(outcome.kind, self._state.service_side_outcome.kind)
-
-
-class _SequenceControllerCreator(ControllerCreator):
-
-  def __init__(self, sequence):
-    self._sequence = sequence
-
-  def name(self):
-    return self._sequence.name
-
-  def controller(self, implementation, randomness):
-    return _SequenceController(self._sequence, implementation, randomness)
-
-
-CONTROLLER_CREATORS = tuple(
-    _SequenceControllerCreator(sequence) for sequence in _sequence.SEQUENCES)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_sequence.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_sequence.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 571d0e1e63..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_sequence.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,171 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Part of the tests of the base interface of RPC Framework."""
-
-import collections
-import enum
-
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
-
-
-class Invocation(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        'Invocation', ('timeout', 'initial_metadata', 'payload', 'complete',))):
-  """A recipe for operation invocation.
-
-  Attributes:
-    timeout: A duration in seconds to pass to the system under test as the
-      operation's timeout value.
-    initial_metadata: A boolean indicating whether or not to pass initial
-      metadata when invoking the operation.
-    payload: A boolean indicating whether or not to pass a payload when
-      invoking the operation.
-    complete: A boolean indicating whether or not to indicate completion of
-      transmissions from the invoking side of the operation when invoking the
-      operation.
-  """
-
-
-class Transmission(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        'Transmission', ('initial_metadata', 'payload', 'complete',))):
-  """A recipe for a single transmission in an operation.
-
-  Attributes:
-    initial_metadata: A boolean indicating whether or not to pass initial
-      metadata as part of the transmission.
-    payload: A boolean indicating whether or not to pass a payload as part of
-      the transmission.
-    complete: A boolean indicating whether or not to indicate completion of
-      transmission from the transmitting side of the operation as part of the
-      transmission.
-  """
-
-
-class Intertransmission(
-    collections.namedtuple('Intertransmission', ('invocation', 'service',))):
-  """A recipe for multiple transmissions in an operation.
-
-  Attributes:
-    invocation: An integer describing the number of payloads to send from the
-      invocation side of the operation to the service side.
-    service: An integer describing the number of payloads to send from the
-      service side of the operation to the invocation side.
-  """
-
-
-class Element(collections.namedtuple('Element', ('kind', 'transmission',))):
-  """A sum type for steps to perform when testing an operation.
-
-  Attributes:
-    kind: A Kind value describing the kind of step to perform in the test.
-    transmission: Only valid for kinds Kind.INVOCATION_TRANSMISSION and
-      Kind.SERVICE_TRANSMISSION, a Transmission value describing the details of
-      the transmission to be made.
-  """
-
-  @enum.unique
-  class Kind(enum.Enum):
-    INVOCATION_TRANSMISSION = 'invocation transmission'
-    SERVICE_TRANSMISSION = 'service transmission'
-    INTERTRANSMISSION = 'intertransmission'
-    INVOCATION_CANCEL = 'invocation cancel'
-    SERVICE_CANCEL = 'service cancel'
-    INVOCATION_FAILURE = 'invocation failure'
-    SERVICE_FAILURE = 'service failure'
-
-
-class OutcomeKinds(
-    collections.namedtuple('Outcome', ('invocation', 'service',))):
-  """A description of the expected outcome of an operation test.
-
-  Attributes:
-    invocation: The base.Outcome.Kind value expected on the invocation side of
-      the operation.
-    service: The base.Outcome.Kind value expected on the service side of the
-      operation.
-  """
-
-
-class Sequence(
-    collections.namedtuple(
-        'Sequence',
-        ('name', 'maximum_duration', 'invocation', 'elements',
-         'outcome_kinds',))):
-  """Describes at a high level steps to perform in a test.
-
-  Attributes:
-    name: The string name of the sequence.
-    maximum_duration: A length of time in seconds to allow for the test before
-      declaring it to have failed.
-    invocation: An Invocation value describing how to invoke the operation
-      under test.
-    elements: A sequence of Element values describing at coarse granularity
-      actions to take during the operation under test.
-    outcome_kinds: An OutcomeKinds value describing the expected outcome kinds
-      of the test.
-  """
-
-_EASY = Sequence(
-    'Easy',
-    test_constants.TIME_ALLOWANCE,
-    Invocation(test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT, True, True, True),
-    (
-        Element(
-            Element.Kind.SERVICE_TRANSMISSION, Transmission(True, True, True)),
-    ),
-    OutcomeKinds(base.Outcome.Kind.COMPLETED, base.Outcome.Kind.COMPLETED))
-
-_PEASY = Sequence(
-    'Peasy',
-    test_constants.TIME_ALLOWANCE,
-    Invocation(test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT, True, True, False),
-    (
-        Element(
-            Element.Kind.SERVICE_TRANSMISSION, Transmission(True, True, False)),
-        Element(
-            Element.Kind.INVOCATION_TRANSMISSION,
-            Transmission(False, True, True)),
-        Element(
-            Element.Kind.SERVICE_TRANSMISSION, Transmission(False, True, True)),
-    ),
-    OutcomeKinds(base.Outcome.Kind.COMPLETED, base.Outcome.Kind.COMPLETED))
-
-
-# TODO(issue 2959): Finish this test suite. This tuple of sequences should
-# contain at least the values in the Cartesian product of (half-duplex,
-# full-duplex) * (zero payloads, one payload, test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH
-# payloads) * (completion, cancellation, expiration, programming defect in
-# servicer code).
-SEQUENCES = (
-    _EASY,
-    _PEASY,
-)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_state.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_state.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 21cf33aeb6..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/_state.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Part of the tests of the base interface of RPC Framework."""
-
-
-class OperationState(object):
-
-  def __init__(self):
-    self.invocation_initial_metadata_in_flight = None
-    self.invocation_initial_metadata_received = False
-    self.invocation_payloads_in_flight = []
-    self.invocation_payloads_received = 0
-    self.invocation_completion_in_flight = None
-    self.invocation_completion_received = False
-    self.service_initial_metadata_in_flight = None
-    self.service_initial_metadata_received = False
-    self.service_payloads_in_flight = []
-    self.service_payloads_received = 0
-    self.service_completion_in_flight = None
-    self.service_completion_received = False
-    self.invocation_side_invocation_allowance = 1
-    self.invocation_side_service_allowance = 1
-    self.service_side_invocation_allowance = 1
-    self.service_side_service_allowance = 1
-    self.invocation_allowance_in_flight = 0
-    self.service_allowance_in_flight = 0
-    self.invocation_side_outcome = None
-    self.service_side_outcome = None
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/test_cases.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/test_cases.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4f8e26c9a2..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/test_cases.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,277 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Tests of the base interface of RPC Framework."""
-
-import logging
-import random
-import threading
-import time
-import unittest
-
-from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import utilities
-from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import _control
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.base import test_interfaces
-
-_SYNCHRONICITY_VARIATION = (('Sync', False), ('Async', True))
-
-_EMPTY_OUTCOME_KIND_DICT = {
-    outcome_kind: 0 for outcome_kind in base.Outcome.Kind}
-
-
-class _Serialization(test_interfaces.Serialization):
-
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    return request + request
-
-  def deserialize_request(self, serialized_request):
-    return serialized_request[:len(serialized_request) / 2]
-
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    return response * 3
-
-  def deserialize_response(self, serialized_response):
-    return serialized_response[2 * len(serialized_response) / 3:]
-
-
-def _advance(quadruples, operator, controller):
-  try:
-    for quadruple in quadruples:
-      operator.advance(
-          initial_metadata=quadruple[0], payload=quadruple[1],
-          completion=quadruple[2], allowance=quadruple[3])
-  except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-    controller.failed('Exception on advance: %e' % e)
-
-
-class _Operator(base.Operator):
-
-  def __init__(self, controller, on_advance, pool, operator_under_test):
-    self._condition = threading.Condition()
-    self._controller = controller
-    self._on_advance = on_advance
-    self._pool = pool
-    self._operator_under_test = operator_under_test
-    self._pending_advances = []
-
-  def set_operator_under_test(self, operator_under_test):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._operator_under_test = operator_under_test
-      pent_advances = self._pending_advances
-      self._pending_advances = []
-      pool = self._pool
-      controller = self._controller
-
-    if pool is None:
-      _advance(pent_advances, operator_under_test, controller)
-    else:
-      pool.submit(_advance, pent_advances, operator_under_test, controller)
-
-  def advance(
-      self, initial_metadata=None, payload=None, completion=None,
-      allowance=None):
-    on_advance = self._on_advance(
-        initial_metadata, payload, completion, allowance)
-    if on_advance.kind is _control.OnAdvance.Kind.ADVANCE:
-      with self._condition:
-        pool = self._pool
-        operator_under_test = self._operator_under_test
-        controller = self._controller
-
-      quadruple = (
-          on_advance.initial_metadata, on_advance.payload,
-          on_advance.completion, on_advance.allowance)
-      if pool is None:
-        _advance((quadruple,), operator_under_test, controller)
-      else:
-        pool.submit(_advance, (quadruple,), operator_under_test, controller)
-    elif on_advance.kind is _control.OnAdvance.Kind.DEFECT:
-      raise ValueError(
-          'Deliberately raised exception from Operator.advance (in a test)!')
-
-
-class _ProtocolReceiver(base.ProtocolReceiver):
-
-  def __init__(self):
-    self._condition = threading.Condition()
-    self._contexts = []
-
-  def context(self, protocol_context):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._contexts.append(protocol_context)
-
-
-class _Servicer(base.Servicer):
-  """A base.Servicer with instrumented for testing."""
-
-  def __init__(self, group, method, controllers, pool):
-    self._condition = threading.Condition()
-    self._group = group
-    self._method = method
-    self._pool = pool
-    self._controllers = list(controllers)
-
-  def service(self, group, method, context, output_operator):
-    with self._condition:
-      controller = self._controllers.pop(0)
-      if group != self._group or method != self._method:
-        controller.fail(
-            '%s != %s or %s != %s' % (group, self._group, method, self._method))
-        raise base.NoSuchMethodError(None, None)
-      else:
-        operator = _Operator(
-            controller, controller.on_service_advance, self._pool,
-            output_operator)
-        outcome = context.add_termination_callback(
-            controller.service_on_termination)
-        if outcome is not None:
-          controller.service_on_termination(outcome)
-        return utilities.full_subscription(operator, _ProtocolReceiver())
-
-
-class _OperationTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def setUp(self):
-    if self._synchronicity_variation:
-      self._pool = logging_pool.pool(test_constants.POOL_SIZE)
-    else:
-      self._pool = None
-    self._controller = self._controller_creator.controller(
-        self._implementation, self._randomness)
-
-  def tearDown(self):
-    if self._synchronicity_variation:
-      self._pool.shutdown(wait=True)
-    else:
-      self._pool = None
-
-  def test_operation(self):
-    invocation = self._controller.invocation()
-    if invocation.subscription_kind is base.Subscription.Kind.FULL:
-      test_operator = _Operator(
-          self._controller, self._controller.on_invocation_advance,
-          self._pool, None)
-      subscription = utilities.full_subscription(
-          test_operator, _ProtocolReceiver())
-    else:
-      # TODO(nathaniel): support and test other subscription kinds.
-      self.fail('Non-full subscriptions not yet supported!')
-
-    servicer = _Servicer(
-        invocation.group, invocation.method, (self._controller,), self._pool)
-
-    invocation_end, service_end, memo = self._implementation.instantiate(
-        {(invocation.group, invocation.method): _Serialization()}, servicer)
-
-    try:
-      invocation_end.start()
-      service_end.start()
-      operation_context, operator_under_test = invocation_end.operate(
-          invocation.group, invocation.method, subscription, invocation.timeout,
-          initial_metadata=invocation.initial_metadata, payload=invocation.payload,
-          completion=invocation.completion)
-      test_operator.set_operator_under_test(operator_under_test)
-      outcome = operation_context.add_termination_callback(
-          self._controller.invocation_on_termination)
-      if outcome is not None:
-        self._controller.invocation_on_termination(outcome)
-    except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-      self._controller.failed('Exception on invocation: %s' % e)
-      self.fail(e)
-
-    while True:
-      instruction = self._controller.poll()
-      if instruction.kind is _control.Instruction.Kind.ADVANCE:
-        try:
-          test_operator.advance(
-              *instruction.advance_args, **instruction.advance_kwargs)
-        except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-          self._controller.failed('Exception on instructed advance: %s' % e)
-      elif instruction.kind is _control.Instruction.Kind.CANCEL:
-        try:
-          operation_context.cancel()
-        except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-          self._controller.failed('Exception on cancel: %s' % e)
-      elif instruction.kind is _control.Instruction.Kind.CONCLUDE:
-        break
-
-    invocation_stop_event = invocation_end.stop(0)
-    service_stop_event = service_end.stop(0)
-    invocation_stop_event.wait()
-    service_stop_event.wait()
-    invocation_stats = invocation_end.operation_stats()
-    service_stats = service_end.operation_stats()
-
-    self._implementation.destantiate(memo)
-
-    self.assertTrue(
-        instruction.conclude_success, msg=instruction.conclude_message)
-
-    expected_invocation_stats = dict(_EMPTY_OUTCOME_KIND_DICT)
-    expected_invocation_stats[
-        instruction.conclude_invocation_outcome_kind] += 1
-    self.assertDictEqual(expected_invocation_stats, invocation_stats)
-    expected_service_stats = dict(_EMPTY_OUTCOME_KIND_DICT)
-    expected_service_stats[instruction.conclude_service_outcome_kind] += 1
-    self.assertDictEqual(expected_service_stats, service_stats)
-
-
-def test_cases(implementation):
-  """Creates unittest.TestCase classes for a given Base implementation.
-
-  Args:
-    implementation: A test_interfaces.Implementation specifying creation and
-      destruction of the Base implementation under test.
-
-  Returns:
-    A sequence of subclasses of unittest.TestCase defining tests of the
-      specified Base layer implementation.
-  """
-  random_seed = hash(time.time())
-  logging.warning('Random seed for this execution: %s', random_seed)
-  randomness = random.Random(x=random_seed)
-
-  test_case_classes = []
-  for synchronicity_variation in _SYNCHRONICITY_VARIATION:
-    for controller_creator in _control.CONTROLLER_CREATORS:
-      name = ''.join(
-          (synchronicity_variation[0], controller_creator.name(), 'Test',))
-      test_case_classes.append(
-          type(name, (_OperationTest,),
-               {'_implementation': implementation,
-                '_randomness': randomness,
-                '_synchronicity_variation': synchronicity_variation[1],
-                '_controller_creator': controller_creator,
-                '__module__': implementation.__module__,
-               }))
-
-  return test_case_classes
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/test_interfaces.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/test_interfaces.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5eba475ba8..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/base/test_interfaces.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Interfaces used in tests of implementations of the Base layer."""
-
-import abc
-
-import six
-
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.base import base  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-
-
-class Serialization(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """Specifies serialization and deserialization of test payloads."""
-
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    """Serializes a request value used in a test.
-
-    Args:
-      request: A request value created by a test.
-
-    Returns:
-      A bytestring that is the serialization of the given request.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  def deserialize_request(self, serialized_request):
-    """Deserializes a request value used in a test.
-
-    Args:
-      serialized_request: A bytestring that is the serialization of some request
-        used in a test.
-
-    Returns:
-      The request value encoded by the given bytestring.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    """Serializes a response value used in a test.
-
-    Args:
-      response: A response value created by a test.
-
-    Returns:
-      A bytestring that is the serialization of the given response.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  def deserialize_response(self, serialized_response):
-    """Deserializes a response value used in a test.
-
-    Args:
-      serialized_response: A bytestring that is the serialization of some
-        response used in a test.
-
-    Returns:
-      The response value encoded by the given bytestring.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class Implementation(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """Specifies an implementation of the Base layer."""
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def instantiate(self, serializations, servicer):
-    """Instantiates the Base layer implementation to be used in a test.
-
-    Args:
-      serializations: A dict from group-method pair to Serialization object
-        specifying how to serialize and deserialize payload values used in the
-        test.
-      servicer: A base.Servicer object to be called to service RPCs made during
-        the test.
-
-    Returns:
-      A sequence of length three the first element of which is a
-        base.End to be used to invoke RPCs, the second element of which is a
-        base.End to be used to service invoked RPCs, and the third element of
-        which is an arbitrary memo object to be kept and passed to destantiate
-        at the conclusion of the test.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def destantiate(self, memo):
-    """Destroys the Base layer implementation under test.
-
-    Args:
-      memo: The object from the third position of the return value of a call to
-        instantiate.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def invocation_initial_metadata(self):
-    """Provides an operation's invocation-side initial metadata.
-
-    Returns:
-      A value to use for an operation's invocation-side initial metadata, or
-        None.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def service_initial_metadata(self):
-    """Provides an operation's service-side initial metadata.
-
-    Returns:
-      A value to use for an operation's service-side initial metadata, or
-        None.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def invocation_completion(self):
-    """Provides an operation's invocation-side completion.
-
-    Returns:
-      A base.Completion to use for an operation's invocation-side completion.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def service_completion(self):
-    """Provides an operation's service-side completion.
-
-    Returns:
-      A base.Completion to use for an operation's service-side completion.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def metadata_transmitted(self, original_metadata, transmitted_metadata):
-    """Identifies whether or not metadata was properly transmitted.
-
-    Args:
-      original_metadata: A metadata value passed to the system under test.
-      transmitted_metadata: The same metadata value after having been
-        transmitted through the system under test.
-
-    Returns:
-      Whether or not the metadata was properly transmitted.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def completion_transmitted(self, original_completion, transmitted_completion):
-    """Identifies whether or not a base.Completion was properly transmitted.
-
-    Args:
-      original_completion: A base.Completion passed to the system under test.
-      transmitted_completion: The same completion value after having been
-        transmitted through the system under test.
-
-    Returns:
-      Whether or not the completion was properly transmitted.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_receiver.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_receiver.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 48f31fc677..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_receiver.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""A utility useful in tests of asynchronous, event-driven interfaces."""
-
-import threading
-
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
-
-
-class Receiver(face.ResponseReceiver):
-  """A utility object useful in tests of asynchronous code."""
-
-  def __init__(self):
-    self._condition = threading.Condition()
-    self._initial_metadata = None
-    self._responses = []
-    self._terminal_metadata = None
-    self._code = None
-    self._details = None
-    self._completed = False
-    self._abortion = None
-
-  def abort(self, abortion):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._abortion = abortion
-      self._condition.notify_all()
-
-  def initial_metadata(self, initial_metadata):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._initial_metadata = initial_metadata
-
-  def response(self, response):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._responses.append(response)
-
-  def complete(self, terminal_metadata, code, details):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._terminal_metadata = terminal_metadata
-      self._code = code
-      self._details = details
-      self._completed = True
-      self._condition.notify_all()
-
-  def block_until_terminated(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      while self._abortion is None and not self._completed:
-        self._condition.wait()
-
-  def unary_response(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      if self._abortion is not None:
-        raise AssertionError('Aborted: "{}"!'.format(self._abortion))
-      elif len(self._responses) != 1:
-        raise AssertionError(
-            '%d responses received, not exactly one!', len(self._responses))
-      else:
-        return self._responses[0]
-
-  def stream_responses(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      if self._abortion is None:
-        return list(self._responses)
-      else:
-        raise AssertionError('Aborted: "{}"!'.format(self._abortion))
-
-  def abortion(self):
-    with self._condition:
-      return self._abortion
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/test_cases.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/test_cases.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 608e64119e..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/test_cases.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,327 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""Tests of the links interface of RPC Framework."""
-
-# unittest is referenced from specification in this module.
-import abc
-import unittest  # pylint: disable=unused-import
-
-import six
-
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
-from tests.unit.framework.interfaces.links import test_utilities
-
-
-def at_least_n_payloads_received_predicate(n):
-  def predicate(ticket_sequence):
-    payload_count = 0
-    for ticket in ticket_sequence:
-      if ticket.payload is not None:
-        payload_count += 1
-        if n <= payload_count:
-          return True
-    else:
-      return False
-  return predicate
-
-
-def terminated(ticket_sequence):
-  return ticket_sequence and ticket_sequence[-1].termination is not None
-
-_TRANSMISSION_GROUP = 'test.Group'
-_TRANSMISSION_METHOD = 'TestMethod'
-
-
-class TransmissionTest(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """Tests ticket transmission between two connected links.
-
-  This class must be mixed into a unittest.TestCase that implements the abstract
-  methods it provides.
-  """
-
-  # This is a unittest.TestCase mix-in.
-  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def create_transmitting_links(self):
-    """Creates two connected links for use in this test.
-
-    Returns:
-      Two links.Links, the first of which will be used on the invocation side
-        of RPCs and the second of which will be used on the service side of
-        RPCs.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def destroy_transmitting_links(self, invocation_side_link, service_side_link):
-    """Destroys the two connected links created for this test.
-
-
-    Args:
-      invocation_side_link: The link used on the invocation side of RPCs in
-        this test.
-      service_side_link: The link used on the service side of RPCs in this
-        test.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def create_invocation_initial_metadata(self):
-    """Creates a value for use as invocation-side initial metadata.
-
-    Returns:
-      A metadata value appropriate for use as invocation-side initial metadata
-        or None if invocation-side initial metadata transmission is not
-        supported by the links under test.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def create_invocation_terminal_metadata(self):
-    """Creates a value for use as invocation-side terminal metadata.
-
-    Returns:
-      A metadata value appropriate for use as invocation-side terminal
-        metadata or None if invocation-side terminal metadata transmission is
-        not supported by the links under test.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def create_service_initial_metadata(self):
-    """Creates a value for use as service-side initial metadata.
-
-    Returns:
-      A metadata value appropriate for use as service-side initial metadata or
-        None if service-side initial metadata transmission is not supported by
-        the links under test.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def create_service_terminal_metadata(self):
-    """Creates a value for use as service-side terminal metadata.
-
-    Returns:
-      A metadata value appropriate for use as service-side terminal metadata or
-        None if service-side terminal metadata transmission is not supported by
-        the links under test.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def create_invocation_completion(self):
-    """Creates values for use as invocation-side code and message.
-
-    Returns:
-      An invocation-side code value and an invocation-side message value.
-        Either or both may be None if invocation-side code and/or
-        invocation-side message transmission is not supported by the links
-        under test.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def create_service_completion(self):
-    """Creates values for use as service-side code and message.
-
-    Returns:
-      A service-side code value and a service-side message value. Either or
-        both may be None if service-side code and/or service-side message
-        transmission is not supported by the links under test.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def assertMetadataTransmitted(self, original_metadata, transmitted_metadata):
-    """Asserts that transmitted_metadata contains original_metadata.
-
-    Args:
-      original_metadata: A metadata object used in this test.
-      transmitted_metadata: A metadata object obtained after transmission
-        through the system under test.
-
-    Raises:
-      AssertionError: if the transmitted_metadata object does not contain
-        original_metadata.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  def group_and_method(self):
-    """Returns the group and method used in this test case.
-
-    Returns:
-      A pair of the group and method used in this test case.
-    """
-    return _TRANSMISSION_GROUP, _TRANSMISSION_METHOD
-
-  def serialize_request(self, request):
-    """Serializes a request value used in this test case.
-
-    Args:
-      request: A request value created by this test case.
-
-    Returns:
-      A bytestring that is the serialization of the given request.
-    """
-    return request
-
-  def deserialize_request(self, serialized_request):
-    """Deserializes a request value used in this test case.
-
-    Args:
-      serialized_request: A bytestring that is the serialization of some request
-        used in this test case.
-
-    Returns:
-      The request value encoded by the given bytestring.
-    """
-    return serialized_request
-
-  def serialize_response(self, response):
-    """Serializes a response value used in this test case.
-
-    Args:
-      response: A response value created by this test case.
-
-    Returns:
-      A bytestring that is the serialization of the given response.
-    """
-    return response
-
-  def deserialize_response(self, serialized_response):
-    """Deserializes a response value used in this test case.
-
-    Args:
-      serialized_response: A bytestring that is the serialization of some
-        response used in this test case.
-
-    Returns:
-      The response value encoded by the given bytestring.
-    """
-    return serialized_response
-
-  def _assert_is_valid_metadata_payload_sequence(
-      self, ticket_sequence, payloads, initial_metadata, terminal_metadata):
-    initial_metadata_seen = False
-    seen_payloads = []
-    terminal_metadata_seen = False
-
-    for ticket in ticket_sequence:
-      if ticket.initial_metadata is not None:
-        self.assertFalse(initial_metadata_seen)
-        self.assertFalse(seen_payloads)
-        self.assertFalse(terminal_metadata_seen)
-        self.assertMetadataTransmitted(initial_metadata, ticket.initial_metadata)
-        initial_metadata_seen = True
-
-      if ticket.payload is not None:
-        self.assertFalse(terminal_metadata_seen)
-        seen_payloads.append(ticket.payload)
-
-      if ticket.terminal_metadata is not None:
-        self.assertFalse(terminal_metadata_seen)
-        self.assertMetadataTransmitted(terminal_metadata, ticket.terminal_metadata)
-        terminal_metadata_seen = True
-    self.assertSequenceEqual(payloads, seen_payloads)
-
-  def _assert_is_valid_invocation_sequence(
-      self, ticket_sequence, group, method, payloads, initial_metadata,
-      terminal_metadata, termination):
-    self.assertLess(0, len(ticket_sequence))
-    self.assertEqual(group, ticket_sequence[0].group)
-    self.assertEqual(method, ticket_sequence[0].method)
-    self._assert_is_valid_metadata_payload_sequence(
-        ticket_sequence, payloads, initial_metadata, terminal_metadata)
-    self.assertIs(termination, ticket_sequence[-1].termination)
-
-  def _assert_is_valid_service_sequence(
-      self, ticket_sequence, payloads, initial_metadata, terminal_metadata,
-      code, message, termination):
-    self.assertLess(0, len(ticket_sequence))
-    self._assert_is_valid_metadata_payload_sequence(
-        ticket_sequence, payloads, initial_metadata, terminal_metadata)
-    self.assertEqual(code, ticket_sequence[-1].code)
-    self.assertEqual(message, ticket_sequence[-1].message)
-    self.assertIs(termination, ticket_sequence[-1].termination)
-
-  def setUp(self):
-    self._invocation_link, self._service_link = self.create_transmitting_links()
-    self._invocation_mate = test_utilities.RecordingLink()
-    self._service_mate = test_utilities.RecordingLink()
-    self._invocation_link.join_link(self._invocation_mate)
-    self._service_link.join_link(self._service_mate)
-
-  def tearDown(self):
-    self.destroy_transmitting_links(self._invocation_link, self._service_link)
-
-  def testSimplestRoundTrip(self):
-    """Tests transmission of one ticket in each direction."""
-    invocation_operation_id = object()
-    invocation_payload = b'\x07' * 1023
-    timeout = test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT
-    invocation_initial_metadata = self.create_invocation_initial_metadata()
-    invocation_terminal_metadata = self.create_invocation_terminal_metadata()
-    invocation_code, invocation_message = self.create_invocation_completion()
-    service_payload = b'\x08' * 1025
-    service_initial_metadata = self.create_service_initial_metadata()
-    service_terminal_metadata = self.create_service_terminal_metadata()
-    service_code, service_message = self.create_service_completion()
-
-    original_invocation_ticket = links.Ticket(
-        invocation_operation_id, 0, _TRANSMISSION_GROUP, _TRANSMISSION_METHOD,
-        links.Ticket.Subscription.FULL, timeout, 0, invocation_initial_metadata,
-        invocation_payload, invocation_terminal_metadata, invocation_code,
-        invocation_message, links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION, None)
-    self._invocation_link.accept_ticket(original_invocation_ticket)
-
-    self._service_mate.block_until_tickets_satisfy(
-        at_least_n_payloads_received_predicate(1))
-    service_operation_id = self._service_mate.tickets()[0].operation_id
-
-    self._service_mate.block_until_tickets_satisfy(terminated)
-    self._assert_is_valid_invocation_sequence(
-        self._service_mate.tickets(), _TRANSMISSION_GROUP, _TRANSMISSION_METHOD,
-        (invocation_payload,), invocation_initial_metadata,
-        invocation_terminal_metadata, links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION)
-
-    original_service_ticket = links.Ticket(
-        service_operation_id, 0, None, None, links.Ticket.Subscription.FULL,
-        timeout, 0, service_initial_metadata, service_payload,
-        service_terminal_metadata, service_code, service_message,
-        links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION, None)
-    self._service_link.accept_ticket(original_service_ticket)
-    self._invocation_mate.block_until_tickets_satisfy(terminated)
-    self._assert_is_valid_service_sequence(
-        self._invocation_mate.tickets(), (service_payload,),
-        service_initial_metadata, service_terminal_metadata, service_code,
-        service_message, links.Ticket.Termination.COMPLETION)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/test_utilities.py b/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/test_utilities.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 39c7f2fc63..0000000000
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/test_utilities.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
-# All rights reserved.
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
-# met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-# distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
-# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
-# this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-"""State and behavior appropriate for use in tests."""
-
-import logging
-import threading
-import time
-
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import links
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.links import utilities
-
-# A more-or-less arbitrary limit on the length of raw data values to be logged.
-_UNCOMFORTABLY_LONG = 48
-
-
-def _safe_for_log_ticket(ticket):
-  """Creates a safe-for-printing-to-the-log ticket for a given ticket.
-
-  Args:
-    ticket: Any links.Ticket.
-
-  Returns:
-    A links.Ticket that is as much as can be equal to the given ticket but
-      possibly features values like the string "<payload of length 972321>" in
-      place of the actual values of the given ticket.
-  """
-  if isinstance(ticket.payload, (basestring,)):
-    payload_length = len(ticket.payload)
-  else:
-    payload_length = -1
-  if payload_length < _UNCOMFORTABLY_LONG:
-    return ticket
-  else:
-    return links.Ticket(
-        ticket.operation_id, ticket.sequence_number,
-        ticket.group, ticket.method, ticket.subscription, ticket.timeout,
-        ticket.allowance, ticket.initial_metadata,
-        '<payload of length {}>'.format(payload_length),
-        ticket.terminal_metadata, ticket.code, ticket.message,
-        ticket.termination, None)
-
-
-class RecordingLink(links.Link):
-  """A Link that records every ticket passed to it."""
-
-  def __init__(self):
-    self._condition = threading.Condition()
-    self._tickets = []
-
-  def accept_ticket(self, ticket):
-    with self._condition:
-      self._tickets.append(ticket)
-      self._condition.notify_all()
-
-  def join_link(self, link):
-    pass
-
-  def block_until_tickets_satisfy(self, predicate):
-    """Blocks until the received tickets satisfy the given predicate.
-
-    Args:
-      predicate: A callable that takes a sequence of tickets and returns a
-        boolean value.
-    """
-    with self._condition:
-      while not predicate(self._tickets):
-        self._condition.wait()
-
-  def tickets(self):
-    """Returns a copy of the list of all tickets received by this Link."""
-    with self._condition:
-      return tuple(self._tickets)
-
-
-class _Pipe(object):
-  """A conduit that logs all tickets passed through it."""
-
-  def __init__(self, name):
-    self._lock = threading.Lock()
-    self._name = name
-    self._left_mate = utilities.NULL_LINK
-    self._right_mate = utilities.NULL_LINK
-
-  def accept_left_to_right_ticket(self, ticket):
-    with self._lock:
-      logging.warning(
-          '%s: moving left to right through %s: %s', time.time(), self._name,
-          _safe_for_log_ticket(ticket))
-      try:
-        self._right_mate.accept_ticket(ticket)
-      except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-        logging.exception(e)
-
-  def accept_right_to_left_ticket(self, ticket):
-    with self._lock:
-      logging.warning(
-          '%s: moving right to left through %s: %s', time.time(), self._name,
-          _safe_for_log_ticket(ticket))
-      try:
-        self._left_mate.accept_ticket(ticket)
-      except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-        logging.exception(e)
-
-  def join_left_mate(self, left_mate):
-    with self._lock:
-      self._left_mate = utilities.NULL_LINK if left_mate is None else left_mate
-
-  def join_right_mate(self, right_mate):
-    with self._lock:
-      self._right_mate = (
-          utilities.NULL_LINK if right_mate is None else right_mate)
-
-
-class _Facade(links.Link):
-
-  def __init__(self, accept, join):
-    self._accept = accept
-    self._join = join
-
-  def accept_ticket(self, ticket):
-    self._accept(ticket)
-
-  def join_link(self, link):
-    self._join(link)
-
-
-def logging_links(name):
-  """Creates a conduit that logs all tickets passed through it.
-
-  Args:
-    name: A name to use for the conduit to identify itself in logging output.
-
-  Returns:
-    Two links.Links, the first of which is the "left" side of the conduit
-      and the second of which is the "right" side of the conduit.
-  """
-  pipe = _Pipe(name)
-  left_facade = _Facade(pipe.accept_left_to_right_ticket, pipe.join_left_mate)
-  right_facade = _Facade(pipe.accept_right_to_left_ticket, pipe.join_right_mate)
-  return left_facade, right_facade
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_health_checking/health_commands.py b/src/python/grpcio_health_checking/health_commands.py
index 631066f331..a7a59f6974 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_health_checking/health_commands.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_health_checking/health_commands.py
@@ -39,14 +39,13 @@ import sys
 
 import setuptools
 from setuptools.command import build_py
-from setuptools.command import sdist
 
 ROOT_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 HEALTH_PROTO = os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, '../../proto/grpc/health/v1/health.proto')
 
 
-class BuildProtoModules(setuptools.Command):
-  """Command to generate project *_pb2.py modules from proto files."""
+class CopyProtoModules(setuptools.Command):
+  """Command to copy proto modules from grpc/src/proto."""
 
   description = ''
   user_options = []
@@ -55,39 +54,6 @@ class BuildProtoModules(setuptools.Command):
     pass
 
   def finalize_options(self):
-    self.protoc_command = distutils.spawn.find_executable('protoc')
-    self.grpc_python_plugin_command = distutils.spawn.find_executable(
-        'grpc_python_plugin')
-
-  def run(self):
-    paths = []
-    root_directory = os.getcwd()
-    for walk_root, directories, filenames in os.walk(root_directory):
-      for filename in filenames:
-        if filename.endswith('.proto'):
-          paths.append(os.path.join(walk_root, filename))
-    command = [
-        self.protoc_command,
-        '--plugin=protoc-gen-python-grpc={}'.format(
-            self.grpc_python_plugin_command),
-        '-I {}'.format(root_directory),
-        '--python_out={}'.format(root_directory),
-        '--python-grpc_out={}'.format(root_directory),
-    ] + paths
-    try:
-      subprocess.check_output(' '.join(command), cwd=root_directory, shell=True,
-                              stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-      raise Exception('{}\nOutput:\n{}'.format(e.message, e.output))
-
-
-class CopyProtoModules(setuptools.Command):
-  """Command to copy proto modules from grpc/src/proto."""
-
-  def initialize_options(self):
-    pass
-
-  def finalize_options(self):
     pass
 
   def run(self):
@@ -101,14 +67,5 @@ class BuildPy(build_py.build_py):
   """Custom project build command."""
 
   def run(self):
-    self.run_command('copy_proto_modules')
     self.run_command('build_proto_modules')
     build_py.build_py.run(self)
-
-
-class SDist(sdist.sdist):
-  """Custom project build command."""
-
-  def run(self):
-    self.run_command('copy_proto_modules')
-    sdist.sdist.run(self)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_health_checking/setup.py b/src/python/grpcio_health_checking/setup.py
index d68a7ced8e..70b4575bf5 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio_health_checking/setup.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_health_checking/setup.py
@@ -36,36 +36,44 @@ import sys
 from distutils import core as _core
 import setuptools
 
+import grpc.tools.command
+
 # Ensure we're in the proper directory whether or not we're being used by pip.
 os.chdir(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 
 # Break import-style to ensure we can actually find our commands module.
 import health_commands
 
-_PACKAGES = (
+PACKAGES = (
     setuptools.find_packages('.')
 )
 
-_PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES = {
+PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES = {
     '': '.',
 }
 
-_INSTALL_REQUIRES = (
+SETUP_REQUIRES = (
+    'grpcio-tools>=0.14.0',
+)
+
+INSTALL_REQUIRES = (
     'grpcio>=0.13.1',
 )
 
-_COMMAND_CLASS = {
-    'copy_proto_modules': health_commands.CopyProtoModules,
-    'build_proto_modules': health_commands.BuildProtoModules,
+COMMAND_CLASS = {
+    # Run preprocess from the repository *before* doing any packaging!
+    'preprocess': health_commands.CopyProtoModules,
+
+    'build_proto_modules': grpc.tools.command.BuildProtoModules,
     'build_py': health_commands.BuildPy,
-    'sdist': health_commands.SDist,
 }
 
 setuptools.setup(
-    name='grpcio_health_checking',
-    version='0.14.0b0',
-    packages=list(_PACKAGES),
-    package_dir=_PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES,
-    install_requires=_INSTALL_REQUIRES,
-    cmdclass=_COMMAND_CLASS
+    name='grpcio-health-checking',
+    version='0.14.0',
+    packages=list(PACKAGES),
+    package_dir=PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES,
+    install_requires=INSTALL_REQUIRES,
+    setup_requires=SETUP_REQUIRES,
+    cmdclass=COMMAND_CLASS
 )
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/.gitignore b/src/python/grpcio_tests/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc620135dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+proto/
+src/
+*_pb2.py
+*.egg-info/
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/commands.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/commands.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..171829b62f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/commands.py
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Provides distutils command classes for the gRPC Python setup process."""
+
+import distutils
+import glob
+import os
+import os.path
+import platform
+import re
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import traceback
+
+import setuptools
+from setuptools.command import build_ext
+from setuptools.command import build_py
+from setuptools.command import easy_install
+from setuptools.command import install
+from setuptools.command import test
+
+PYTHON_STEM = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+GRPC_STEM = os.path.abspath(PYTHON_STEM + '../../../../')
+GRPC_PROTO_STEM = os.path.join(GRPC_STEM, 'src', 'proto')
+PROTO_STEM = os.path.join(PYTHON_STEM, 'src', 'proto')
+PYTHON_PROTO_TOP_LEVEL = os.path.join(PYTHON_STEM, 'src')
+
+
+class CommandError(object):
+  pass
+
+
+class GatherProto(setuptools.Command):
+
+  description = 'gather proto dependencies'
+  user_options = []
+
+  def initialize_options(self):
+    pass
+
+  def finalize_options(self):
+    pass
+
+  def run(self):
+    # TODO(atash) ensure that we're running from the repository directory when
+    # this command is used
+    try:
+      shutil.rmtree(PROTO_STEM)
+    except Exception as error:
+      # We don't care if this command fails
+      pass
+    shutil.copytree(GRPC_PROTO_STEM, PROTO_STEM)
+    for root, _, _ in os.walk(PYTHON_PROTO_TOP_LEVEL):
+      path = os.path.join(root, '__init__.py')
+      open(path, 'a').close()
+
+
+class BuildProtoModules(setuptools.Command):
+  """Command to generate project *_pb2.py modules from proto files."""
+
+  description = 'build protobuf modules'
+  user_options = [
+    ('include=', None, 'path patterns to include in protobuf generation'),
+    ('exclude=', None, 'path patterns to exclude from protobuf generation')
+  ]
+
+  def initialize_options(self):
+    self.exclude = None
+    self.include = r'.*\.proto$'
+
+  def finalize_options(self):
+    pass
+
+  def run(self):
+    import grpc.tools.protoc as protoc
+
+    include_regex = re.compile(self.include)
+    exclude_regex = re.compile(self.exclude) if self.exclude else None
+    paths = []
+    for walk_root, directories, filenames in os.walk(PROTO_STEM):
+      for filename in filenames:
+        path = os.path.join(walk_root, filename)
+        if include_regex.match(path) and not (
+            exclude_regex and exclude_regex.match(path)):
+          paths.append(path)
+
+    # TODO(kpayson): It would be nice to do this in a batch command,
+    # but we currently have name conflicts in src/proto
+    for path in paths:
+      command = [
+          'grpc.tools.protoc',
+          '-I {}'.format(PROTO_STEM),
+          '--python_out={}'.format(PROTO_STEM),
+          '--grpc_python_out={}'.format(PROTO_STEM),
+      ] + [path]
+      if protoc.main(command) != 0:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            'warning: Command:\n{}\nFailed'.format(
+                command))
+
+    # Generated proto directories dont include __init__.py, but
+    # these are needed for python package resolution
+    for walk_root, _, _ in os.walk(PROTO_STEM):
+      path = os.path.join(walk_root, '__init__.py')
+      open(path, 'a').close()
+
+
+class BuildPy(build_py.build_py):
+  """Custom project build command."""
+
+  def run(self):
+    try:
+      self.run_command('build_proto_modules')
+    except CommandError as error:
+      sys.stderr.write('warning: %s\n' % error.message)
+    build_py.build_py.run(self)
+
+
+class TestLite(setuptools.Command):
+  """Command to run tests without fetching or building anything."""
+
+  description = 'run tests without fetching or building anything.'
+  user_options = []
+
+  def initialize_options(self):
+    pass
+
+  def finalize_options(self):
+    # distutils requires this override.
+    pass
+
+  def run(self):
+    self._add_eggs_to_path()
+
+    import tests
+    loader = tests.Loader()
+    loader.loadTestsFromNames(['tests'])
+    runner = tests.Runner()
+    result = runner.run(loader.suite)
+    if not result.wasSuccessful():
+      sys.exit('Test failure')
+
+  def _add_eggs_to_path(self):
+    """Fetch install and test requirements"""
+    self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.install_requires)
+    self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.tests_require)
+
+
+class RunInterop(test.test):
+
+  description = 'run interop test client/server'
+  user_options = [
+    ('args=', 'a', 'pass-thru arguments for the client/server'),
+    ('client', 'c', 'flag indicating to run the client'),
+    ('server', 's', 'flag indicating to run the server')
+  ]
+
+  def initialize_options(self):
+    self.args = ''
+    self.client = False
+    self.server = False
+
+  def finalize_options(self):
+    if self.client and self.server:
+      raise DistutilsOptionError('you may only specify one of client or server')
+
+  def run(self):
+    if self.distribution.install_requires:
+      self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.install_requires)
+    if self.distribution.tests_require:
+      self.distribution.fetch_build_eggs(self.distribution.tests_require)
+    if self.client:
+      self.run_client()
+    elif self.server:
+      self.run_server()
+
+  def run_server(self):
+    # We import here to ensure that our setuptools parent has had a chance to
+    # edit the Python system path.
+    from tests.interop import server
+    sys.argv[1:] = self.args.split()
+    server.serve()
+
+  def run_client(self):
+    # We import here to ensure that our setuptools parent has had a chance to
+    # edit the Python system path.
+    from tests.interop import client
+    sys.argv[1:] = self.args.split()
+    client.test_interoperability()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/grpc_version.py
index 7086519106..90f68a5741 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/grpc_version.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
 # All rights reserved.
 #
 # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -27,4 +27,6 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
+# AUTO-GENERATED FROM `$REPO_ROOT/templates/src/python/grpcio_tests/grpc_version.py.template`!!!
 
+VERSION='1.1.0.dev0'
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/setup.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7eef420bdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""A setup module for the gRPC Python package."""
+
+import os
+import os.path
+import shutil
+import sys
+
+from distutils import core as _core
+from distutils import extension as _extension
+import setuptools
+from setuptools.command import egg_info
+
+import grpc.tools.command
+
+PY3 = sys.version_info.major == 3
+
+# Ensure we're in the proper directory whether or not we're being used by pip.
+os.chdir(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+
+# Break import-style to ensure we can actually find our in-repo dependencies.
+import commands
+import grpc_version
+
+LICENSE = '3-clause BSD'
+
+PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES = {
+    '': '.',
+}
+
+INSTALL_REQUIRES = (
+    'coverage>=4.0',
+    'enum34>=1.0.4',
+    'futures>=2.2.0',
+    'grpcio>=0.14.0',
+    'grpcio-health-checking>=0.14.0',
+    'oauth2client>=1.4.7',
+    'protobuf>=3.0.0a3',
+    'six>=1.10',
+)
+
+SETUP_REQUIRES = (
+    'grpcio-tools>=0.14.0',
+)
+
+COMMAND_CLASS = {
+    # Run `preprocess` *before* doing any packaging!
+    'preprocess': commands.GatherProto,
+
+    'build_proto_modules': grpc.tools.command.BuildProtoModules,
+    'build_py': commands.BuildPy,
+    'run_interop': commands.RunInterop,
+    'test_lite': commands.TestLite
+}
+
+PACKAGE_DATA = {
+    'tests.interop': [
+        'credentials/ca.pem',
+        'credentials/server1.key',
+        'credentials/server1.pem',
+    ],
+    'tests.protoc_plugin': [
+        'protoc_plugin_test.proto',
+    ],
+    'tests.unit': [
+        'credentials/ca.pem',
+        'credentials/server1.key',
+        'credentials/server1.pem',
+    ],
+    'tests': [
+        'tests.json'
+    ],
+}
+
+TEST_SUITE = 'tests'
+TEST_LOADER = 'tests:Loader'
+TEST_RUNNER = 'tests:Runner'
+TESTS_REQUIRE = INSTALL_REQUIRES
+
+PACKAGES = setuptools.find_packages('.')
+
+setuptools.setup(
+  name='grpcio-tests',
+  version=grpc_version.VERSION,
+  license=LICENSE,
+  packages=list(PACKAGES),
+  package_dir=PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES,
+  package_data=PACKAGE_DATA,
+  install_requires=INSTALL_REQUIRES,
+  setup_requires=SETUP_REQUIRES,
+  cmdclass=COMMAND_CLASS,
+  tests_require=TESTS_REQUIRE,
+  test_suite=TEST_SUITE,
+  test_loader=TEST_LOADER,
+  test_runner=TEST_RUNNER,
+)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/__init__.py
index a70a1b1f1d..a70a1b1f1d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/_loader.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/_loader.py
index c2f097f6c6..c2f097f6c6 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/_loader.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/_loader.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/_result.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/_result.py
index 1acec6a9b5..1acec6a9b5 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/_result.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/_result.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/_runner.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/_runner.py
index f0718573e2..926dcbe23a 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/_runner.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/_runner.py
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import collections
-import fcntl
 import multiprocessing
 import os
 import select
@@ -178,15 +177,20 @@ class Runner(object):
         stderr_pipe.write_bypass(
             '\ninterrupted stderr:\n{}\n'.format(stderr_pipe.output().decode()))
         os._exit(1)
-    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigint_handler)
-    signal.signal(signal.SIGSEGV, fault_handler)
-    signal.signal(signal.SIGBUS, fault_handler)
-    signal.signal(signal.SIGABRT, fault_handler)
-    signal.signal(signal.SIGFPE, fault_handler)
-    signal.signal(signal.SIGILL, fault_handler)
+    def try_set_handler(name, handler):
+      try:
+        signal.signal(getattr(signal, name), handler)
+      except AttributeError:
+        pass
+    try_set_handler('SIGINT', sigint_handler)
+    try_set_handler('SIGSEGV', fault_handler)
+    try_set_handler('SIGBUS', fault_handler)
+    try_set_handler('SIGABRT', fault_handler)
+    try_set_handler('SIGFPE', fault_handler)
+    try_set_handler('SIGILL', fault_handler)
     # Sometimes output will lag after a test has successfully finished; we
     # ignore such writes to our pipes.
-    signal.signal(signal.SIGPIPE, signal.SIG_IGN)
+    try_set_handler('SIGPIPE', signal.SIG_IGN)
 
     # Run the tests
     result.startTestRun()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/health_check/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/health_check/__init__.py
index 100a624dc9..100a624dc9 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/health_check/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/health_check/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/health_check/_health_servicer_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/health_check/_health_servicer_test.py
index 1b63388663..1b63388663 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/health_check/_health_servicer_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/health_check/_health_servicer_test.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_adapter/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/_insecure_interop_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/_insecure_interop_test.py
index 91519b6fba..c753d6faf0 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/_insecure_interop_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/_insecure_interop_test.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class InsecureInteropTest(
     port = self.server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
     self.server.start()
     self.stub = test_pb2.beta_create_TestService_stub(
-        implementations.insecure_channel('[::]', port))
+        implementations.insecure_channel('localhost', port))
 
   def tearDown(self):
     self.server.stop(0)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/_interop_test_case.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/_interop_test_case.py
index ccea17a66d..ccea17a66d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/_interop_test_case.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/_interop_test_case.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/_secure_interop_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/_secure_interop_test.py
index c61547b977..cb09f54a34 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/_secure_interop_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/_secure_interop_test.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class SecureInteropTest(
     self.server.start()
     self.stub = test_pb2.beta_create_TestService_stub(
         test_utilities.not_really_secure_channel(
-            '[::]', port, implementations.ssl_channel_credentials(
+            'localhost', port, implementations.ssl_channel_credentials(
                 resources.test_root_certificates()),
                 _SERVER_HOST_OVERRIDE))
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/client.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/client.py
index e3d5545a02..8aa1ce30c1 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/client.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/client.py
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ def _stub(args):
     creds = oauth2client_client.GoogleCredentials.get_application_default()
     scoped_creds = creds.create_scoped([args.oauth_scope])
     call_creds = implementations.google_call_credentials(scoped_creds)
+  elif args.test_case == 'jwt_token_creds':
+    creds = oauth2client_client.GoogleCredentials.get_application_default()
+    call_creds = implementations.google_call_credentials(creds)
   else:
     call_creds = None
   if args.use_tls:
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/README b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/credentials/README
index cb20dcb49f..cb20dcb49f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/README
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/credentials/README
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/ca.pem b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/credentials/ca.pem
index 6c8511a73c..6c8511a73c 100755
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/ca.pem
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/credentials/ca.pem
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/server1.key b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/credentials/server1.key
index 143a5b8765..143a5b8765 100755
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/server1.key
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/credentials/server1.key
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/server1.pem b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/credentials/server1.pem
index f3d43fcc5b..f3d43fcc5b 100755
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/credentials/server1.pem
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/credentials/server1.pem
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/methods.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/methods.py
index d5ef0c68bb..97e6c9e27e 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/methods.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/methods.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import time
 
 from oauth2client import client as oauth2client_client
 
+import grpc
 from grpc.beta import implementations
 from grpc.beta import interfaces
 from grpc.framework.common import cardinality
@@ -57,12 +58,18 @@ class TestService(test_pb2.BetaTestServiceServicer):
     return empty_pb2.Empty()
 
   def UnaryCall(self, request, context):
+    if request.HasField('response_status'):
+      context.code(request.response_status.code)
+      context.details(request.response_status.message)
     return messages_pb2.SimpleResponse(
         payload=messages_pb2.Payload(
             type=messages_pb2.COMPRESSABLE,
             body=b'\x00' * request.response_size))
 
   def StreamingOutputCall(self, request, context):
+    if request.HasField('response_status'):
+      context.code(request.response_status.code)
+      context.details(request.response_status.message)
     for response_parameters in request.response_parameters:
       yield messages_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse(
           payload=messages_pb2.Payload(
@@ -79,10 +86,14 @@ class TestService(test_pb2.BetaTestServiceServicer):
 
   def FullDuplexCall(self, request_iterator, context):
     for request in request_iterator:
-      yield messages_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse(
-          payload=messages_pb2.Payload(
-              type=request.payload.type,
-              body=b'\x00' * request.response_parameters[0].size))
+      if request.HasField('response_status'):
+        context.code(request.response_status.code)
+        context.details(request.response_status.message)
+      for response_parameters in request.response_parameters:
+        yield messages_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse(
+            payload=messages_pb2.Payload(
+                type=request.payload.type,
+                body=b'\x00' * response_parameters.size))
 
   # NOTE(nathaniel): Apparently this is the same as the full-duplex call?
   # NOTE(atash): It isn't even called in the interop spec (Oct 22 2015)...
@@ -288,6 +299,39 @@ def _empty_stream(stub):
       pass
 
 
+def _status_code_and_message(stub):
+  with stub:
+    message = 'test status message'
+    code = 2
+    status = grpc.StatusCode.UNKNOWN # code = 2
+    request = messages_pb2.SimpleRequest(
+        response_type=messages_pb2.COMPRESSABLE,
+        response_size=1,
+        payload=messages_pb2.Payload(body=b'\x00'),
+        response_status=messages_pb2.EchoStatus(code=code, message=message)
+        )
+    response_future = stub.UnaryCall.future(request, _TIMEOUT)
+    if response_future.code() != status:
+      raise ValueError(
+        'expected code %s, got %s' % (status, response_future.code()))
+    if response_future.details() != message:
+      raise ValueError(
+        'expected message %s, got %s' % (message, response_future.details()))
+
+    request = messages_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest(
+        response_type=messages_pb2.COMPRESSABLE,
+        response_parameters=(
+            messages_pb2.ResponseParameters(size=1),),
+        response_status=messages_pb2.EchoStatus(code=code, message=message))
+    response_iterator = stub.StreamingOutputCall(request, _TIMEOUT)
+    if response_future.code() != status:
+      raise ValueError(
+        'expected code %s, got %s' % (status, response_iterator.code()))
+    if response_future.details() != message:
+      raise ValueError(
+        'expected message %s, got %s' % (message, response_iterator.details()))
+
+
 def _compute_engine_creds(stub, args):
   response = _large_unary_common_behavior(stub, True, True)
   if args.default_service_account != response.username:
@@ -310,6 +354,16 @@ def _oauth2_auth_token(stub, args):
         (response.oauth_scope, args.oauth_scope))
 
 
+def _jwt_token_creds(stub, args):
+  json_key_filename = os.environ[
+      oauth2client_client.GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS]
+  wanted_email = json.load(open(json_key_filename, 'rb'))['client_email']
+  response = _large_unary_common_behavior(stub, True, False)
+  if wanted_email != response.username:
+    raise ValueError(
+        'expected username %s, got %s' % (wanted_email, response.username))
+
+
 def _per_rpc_creds(stub, args):
   json_key_filename = os.environ[
       oauth2client_client.GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS]
@@ -336,8 +390,10 @@ class TestCase(enum.Enum):
   CANCEL_AFTER_BEGIN = 'cancel_after_begin'
   CANCEL_AFTER_FIRST_RESPONSE = 'cancel_after_first_response'
   EMPTY_STREAM = 'empty_stream'
+  STATUS_CODE_AND_MESSAGE = 'status_code_and_message'
   COMPUTE_ENGINE_CREDS = 'compute_engine_creds'
   OAUTH2_AUTH_TOKEN = 'oauth2_auth_token'
+  JWT_TOKEN_CREDS = 'jwt_token_creds'
   PER_RPC_CREDS = 'per_rpc_creds'
   TIMEOUT_ON_SLEEPING_SERVER = 'timeout_on_sleeping_server'
 
@@ -360,10 +416,14 @@ class TestCase(enum.Enum):
       _timeout_on_sleeping_server(stub)
     elif self is TestCase.EMPTY_STREAM:
       _empty_stream(stub)
+    elif self is TestCase.STATUS_CODE_AND_MESSAGE:
+      _status_code_and_message(stub)
     elif self is TestCase.COMPUTE_ENGINE_CREDS:
       _compute_engine_creds(stub, args)
     elif self is TestCase.OAUTH2_AUTH_TOKEN:
       _oauth2_auth_token(stub, args)
+    elif self is TestCase.JWT_TOKEN_CREDS:
+      _jwt_token_creds(stub, args)
     elif self is TestCase.PER_RPC_CREDS:
       _per_rpc_creds(stub, args)
     else:
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/resources.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/resources.py
index c424385cf6..c424385cf6 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/resources.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/resources.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/server.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/server.py
index ab2c3c708f..ab2c3c708f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/server.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/interop/server.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/_python_plugin_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/_python_plugin_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ca2bcff38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/_python_plugin_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import collections
+from concurrent import futures
+import contextlib
+import distutils.spawn
+import errno
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import threading
+import unittest
+
+from six import moves
+
+import grpc
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+
+import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.payload.test_payload_pb2 as payload_pb2
+import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.requests.r.test_requests_pb2 as request_pb2
+import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.responses.test_responses_pb2 as response_pb2
+import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.service.test_service_pb2 as service_pb2
+
+# Identifiers of entities we expect to find in the generated module.
+STUB_IDENTIFIER = 'TestServiceStub'
+SERVICER_IDENTIFIER = 'TestServiceServicer'
+ADD_SERVICER_TO_SERVER_IDENTIFIER = 'add_TestServiceServicer_to_server'
+
+
+class _ServicerMethods(object):
+
+  def __init__(self):
+    self._condition = threading.Condition()
+    self._paused = False
+    self._fail = False
+
+  @contextlib.contextmanager
+  def pause(self):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    with self._condition:
+      self._paused = True
+    yield
+    with self._condition:
+      self._paused = False
+      self._condition.notify_all()
+
+  @contextlib.contextmanager
+  def fail(self):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    with self._condition:
+      self._fail = True
+    yield
+    with self._condition:
+      self._fail = False
+
+  def _control(self):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+    with self._condition:
+      if self._fail:
+        raise ValueError()
+      while self._paused:
+        self._condition.wait()
+
+  def UnaryCall(self, request, unused_rpc_context):
+    response = response_pb2.SimpleResponse()
+    response.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+    response.payload.payload_compressable = 'a' * request.response_size
+    self._control()
+    return response
+
+  def StreamingOutputCall(self, request, unused_rpc_context):
+    for parameter in request.response_parameters:
+      response = response_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
+      response.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+      response.payload.payload_compressable = 'a' * parameter.size
+      self._control()
+      yield response
+
+  def StreamingInputCall(self, request_iter, unused_rpc_context):
+    response = response_pb2.StreamingInputCallResponse()
+    aggregated_payload_size = 0
+    for request in request_iter:
+      aggregated_payload_size += len(request.payload.payload_compressable)
+    response.aggregated_payload_size = aggregated_payload_size
+    self._control()
+    return response
+
+  def FullDuplexCall(self, request_iter, unused_rpc_context):
+    for request in request_iter:
+      for parameter in request.response_parameters:
+        response = response_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
+        response.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+        response.payload.payload_compressable = 'a' * parameter.size
+        self._control()
+        yield response
+
+  def HalfDuplexCall(self, request_iter, unused_rpc_context):
+    responses = []
+    for request in request_iter:
+      for parameter in request.response_parameters:
+        response = response_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
+        response.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+        response.payload.payload_compressable = 'a' * parameter.size
+        self._control()
+        responses.append(response)
+    for response in responses:
+      yield response
+
+
+class _Service(
+    collections.namedtuple(
+      '_Service', ('servicer_methods', 'server', 'stub',))):
+  """A live and running service.
+
+  Attributes:
+    servicer_methods: The _ServicerMethods servicing RPCs.
+    server: The grpc.Server servicing RPCs.
+    stub: A stub on which to invoke RPCs.
+  """
+      
+
+def _CreateService():
+  """Provides a servicer backend and a stub.
+
+  Returns:
+    A _Service with which to test RPCs.
+  """
+  servicer_methods = _ServicerMethods()
+
+  class Servicer(getattr(service_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER)):
+
+    def UnaryCall(self, request, context):
+      return servicer_methods.UnaryCall(request, context)
+
+    def StreamingOutputCall(self, request, context):
+      return servicer_methods.StreamingOutputCall(request, context)
+
+    def StreamingInputCall(self, request_iter, context):
+      return servicer_methods.StreamingInputCall(request_iter, context)
+
+    def FullDuplexCall(self, request_iter, context):
+      return servicer_methods.FullDuplexCall(request_iter, context)
+
+    def HalfDuplexCall(self, request_iter, context):
+      return servicer_methods.HalfDuplexCall(request_iter, context)
+
+  server = grpc.server(
+      futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=test_constants.POOL_SIZE))
+  getattr(service_pb2, ADD_SERVICER_TO_SERVER_IDENTIFIER)(Servicer(), server)
+  port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
+  server.start()
+  channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:{}'.format(port))
+  stub = getattr(service_pb2, STUB_IDENTIFIER)(channel)
+  return _Service(servicer_methods, server, stub)
+
+
+def _CreateIncompleteService():
+  """Provides a servicer backend that fails to implement methods and its stub.
+
+  Returns:
+    A _Service with which to test RPCs. The returned _Service's
+      servicer_methods implements none of the methods required of it.
+  """
+
+  class Servicer(getattr(service_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER)):
+    pass
+
+  server = grpc.server(
+      futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=test_constants.POOL_SIZE))
+  getattr(service_pb2, ADD_SERVICER_TO_SERVER_IDENTIFIER)(Servicer(), server)
+  port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
+  server.start()
+  channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:{}'.format(port))
+  stub = getattr(service_pb2, STUB_IDENTIFIER)(channel)
+  return _Service(None, server, stub)
+
+
+def _streaming_input_request_iterator():
+  for _ in range(3):
+    request = request_pb2.StreamingInputCallRequest()
+    request.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+    request.payload.payload_compressable = 'a'
+    yield request
+
+
+def _streaming_output_request():
+  request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+  sizes = [1, 2, 3]
+  request.response_parameters.add(size=sizes[0], interval_us=0)
+  request.response_parameters.add(size=sizes[1], interval_us=0)
+  request.response_parameters.add(size=sizes[2], interval_us=0)
+  return request
+
+
+def _full_duplex_request_iterator():
+  request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+  request.response_parameters.add(size=1, interval_us=0)
+  yield request
+  request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+  request.response_parameters.add(size=2, interval_us=0)
+  request.response_parameters.add(size=3, interval_us=0)
+  yield request
+
+
+class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
+  """Test case for the gRPC Python protoc-plugin.
+
+  While reading these tests, remember that the futures API
+  (`stub.method.future()`) only gives futures for the *response-unary*
+  methods and does not exist for response-streaming methods.
+  """
+
+  def testImportAttributes(self):
+    # check that we can access the generated module and its members.
+    self.assertIsNotNone(
+        getattr(service_pb2, STUB_IDENTIFIER, None))
+    self.assertIsNotNone(
+        getattr(service_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER, None))
+    self.assertIsNotNone(
+        getattr(service_pb2, ADD_SERVICER_TO_SERVER_IDENTIFIER, None))
+
+  def testUpDown(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    self.assertIsNotNone(service.servicer_methods)
+    self.assertIsNotNone(service.server)
+    self.assertIsNotNone(service.stub)
+
+  def testIncompleteServicer(self):
+    service = _CreateIncompleteService()
+    request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+      service.stub.UnaryCall(request)
+    self.assertIs(
+        exception_context.exception.code(), grpc.StatusCode.UNIMPLEMENTED)
+
+  def testUnaryCall(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    response = service.stub.UnaryCall(request)
+    expected_response = service.servicer_methods.UnaryCall(
+        request, 'not a real context!')
+    self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
+
+  def testUnaryCallFuture(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    # Check that the call does not block waiting for the server to respond.
+    with service.servicer_methods.pause():
+      response_future = service.stub.UnaryCall.future(request)
+    response = response_future.result()
+    expected_response = service.servicer_methods.UnaryCall(
+        request, 'not a real RpcContext!')
+    self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
+
+  def testUnaryCallFutureExpired(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    with service.servicer_methods.pause():
+      response_future = service.stub.UnaryCall.future(
+          request, timeout=test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+      with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+        response_future.result()
+    self.assertIs(
+        exception_context.exception.code(), grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED)
+    self.assertIs(response_future.code(), grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED)
+
+  def testUnaryCallFutureCancelled(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    with service.servicer_methods.pause():
+      response_future = service.stub.UnaryCall.future(request)
+      response_future.cancel()
+    self.assertTrue(response_future.cancelled())
+    self.assertIs(response_future.code(), grpc.StatusCode.CANCELLED)
+
+  def testUnaryCallFutureFailed(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    with service.servicer_methods.fail():
+      response_future = service.stub.UnaryCall.future(request)
+      self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.exception())
+    self.assertIs(response_future.code(), grpc.StatusCode.UNKNOWN)
+
+  def testStreamingOutputCall(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    request = _streaming_output_request()
+    responses = service.stub.StreamingOutputCall(request)
+    expected_responses = service.servicer_methods.StreamingOutputCall(
+        request, 'not a real RpcContext!')
+    for expected_response, response in moves.zip_longest(
+        expected_responses, responses):
+      self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
+
+  def testStreamingOutputCallExpired(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    request = _streaming_output_request()
+    with service.servicer_methods.pause():
+      responses = service.stub.StreamingOutputCall(
+          request, timeout=test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+      with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+        list(responses)
+    self.assertIs(
+        exception_context.exception.code(), grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED)
+
+  def testStreamingOutputCallCancelled(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    request = _streaming_output_request()
+    responses = service.stub.StreamingOutputCall(request)
+    next(responses)
+    responses.cancel()
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+      next(responses)
+    self.assertIs(responses.code(), grpc.StatusCode.CANCELLED)
+
+  def testStreamingOutputCallFailed(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    request = _streaming_output_request()
+    with service.servicer_methods.fail():
+      responses = service.stub.StreamingOutputCall(request)
+      self.assertIsNotNone(responses)
+      with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+        next(responses)
+    self.assertIs(exception_context.exception.code(), grpc.StatusCode.UNKNOWN)
+
+  def testStreamingInputCall(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    response = service.stub.StreamingInputCall(
+        _streaming_input_request_iterator())
+    expected_response = service.servicer_methods.StreamingInputCall(
+        _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
+        'not a real RpcContext!')
+    self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
+
+  def testStreamingInputCallFuture(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    with service.servicer_methods.pause():
+      response_future = service.stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
+          _streaming_input_request_iterator())
+    response = response_future.result()
+    expected_response = service.servicer_methods.StreamingInputCall(
+        _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
+        'not a real RpcContext!')
+    self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
+
+  def testStreamingInputCallFutureExpired(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    with service.servicer_methods.pause():
+      response_future = service.stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
+          _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
+          timeout=test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+      with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+        response_future.result()
+    self.assertIsInstance(response_future.exception(), grpc.RpcError)
+    self.assertIs(
+        response_future.exception().code(), grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED)
+    self.assertIs(
+        exception_context.exception.code(), grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED)
+
+  def testStreamingInputCallFutureCancelled(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    with service.servicer_methods.pause():
+      response_future = service.stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
+          _streaming_input_request_iterator())
+      response_future.cancel()
+    self.assertTrue(response_future.cancelled())
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.FutureCancelledError):
+      response_future.result()
+
+  def testStreamingInputCallFutureFailed(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    with service.servicer_methods.fail():
+      response_future = service.stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
+          _streaming_input_request_iterator())
+      self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.exception())
+      self.assertIs(response_future.code(), grpc.StatusCode.UNKNOWN)
+
+  def testFullDuplexCall(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    responses = service.stub.FullDuplexCall(
+        _full_duplex_request_iterator())
+    expected_responses = service.servicer_methods.FullDuplexCall(
+        _full_duplex_request_iterator(),
+        'not a real RpcContext!')
+    for expected_response, response in moves.zip_longest(
+        expected_responses, responses):
+      self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
+
+  def testFullDuplexCallExpired(self):
+    request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator()
+    service = _CreateService()
+    with service.servicer_methods.pause():
+      responses = service.stub.FullDuplexCall(
+          request_iterator, timeout=test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+      with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+        list(responses)
+    self.assertIs(
+        exception_context.exception.code(), grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED)
+
+  def testFullDuplexCallCancelled(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator()
+    responses = service.stub.FullDuplexCall(request_iterator)
+    next(responses)
+    responses.cancel()
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+      next(responses)
+    self.assertIs(
+        exception_context.exception.code(), grpc.StatusCode.CANCELLED)
+
+  def testFullDuplexCallFailed(self):
+    request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator()
+    service = _CreateService()
+    with service.servicer_methods.fail():
+      responses = service.stub.FullDuplexCall(request_iterator)
+      with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+        next(responses)
+    self.assertIs(exception_context.exception.code(), grpc.StatusCode.UNKNOWN)
+
+  def testHalfDuplexCall(self):
+    service = _CreateService()
+    def half_duplex_request_iterator():
+      request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+      request.response_parameters.add(size=1, interval_us=0)
+      yield request
+      request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+      request.response_parameters.add(size=2, interval_us=0)
+      request.response_parameters.add(size=3, interval_us=0)
+      yield request
+    responses = service.stub.HalfDuplexCall(half_duplex_request_iterator())
+    expected_responses = service.servicer_methods.HalfDuplexCall(
+        half_duplex_request_iterator(), 'not a real RpcContext!')
+    for expected_response, response in moves.zip_longest(
+        expected_responses, responses):
+      self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
+
+  def testHalfDuplexCallWedged(self):
+    condition = threading.Condition()
+    wait_cell = [False]
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def wait():  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
+      # Where's Python 3's 'nonlocal' statement when you need it?
+      with condition:
+        wait_cell[0] = True
+      yield
+      with condition:
+        wait_cell[0] = False
+        condition.notify_all()
+    def half_duplex_request_iterator():
+      request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+      request.response_parameters.add(size=1, interval_us=0)
+      yield request
+      with condition:
+        while wait_cell[0]:
+          condition.wait()
+    service = _CreateService()
+    with wait():
+      responses = service.stub.HalfDuplexCall(
+          half_duplex_request_iterator(), timeout=test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
+      # half-duplex waits for the client to send all info
+      with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+        next(responses)
+    self.assertIs(
+        exception_context.exception.code(), grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/beta_python_plugin_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/beta_python_plugin_test.py
index 7466f88059..1eba9c9354 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/beta_python_plugin_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/beta_python_plugin_test.py
@@ -50,6 +50,11 @@ from grpc.framework.foundation import future
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
 from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 
+import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.payload.test_payload_pb2 as payload_pb2
+import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.requests.r.test_requests_pb2 as request_pb2
+import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.responses.test_responses_pb2 as response_pb2
+import tests.protoc_plugin.protos.service.test_service_pb2 as service_pb2
+
 # Identifiers of entities we expect to find in the generated module.
 SERVICER_IDENTIFIER = 'BetaTestServiceServicer'
 STUB_IDENTIFIER = 'BetaTestServiceStub'
@@ -59,12 +64,10 @@ STUB_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER = 'beta_create_TestService_stub'
 
 class _ServicerMethods(object):
 
-  def __init__(self, response_pb2, payload_pb2):
+  def __init__(self):
     self._condition = threading.Condition()
     self._paused = False
     self._fail = False
-    self._response_pb2 = response_pb2
-    self._payload_pb2 = payload_pb2
 
   @contextlib.contextmanager
   def pause(self):  # pylint: disable=invalid-name
@@ -91,22 +94,22 @@ class _ServicerMethods(object):
         self._condition.wait()
 
   def UnaryCall(self, request, unused_rpc_context):
-    response = self._response_pb2.SimpleResponse()
-    response.payload.payload_type = self._payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+    response = response_pb2.SimpleResponse()
+    response.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
     response.payload.payload_compressable = 'a' * request.response_size
     self._control()
     return response
 
   def StreamingOutputCall(self, request, unused_rpc_context):
     for parameter in request.response_parameters:
-      response = self._response_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
-      response.payload.payload_type = self._payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+      response = response_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
+      response.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
       response.payload.payload_compressable = 'a' * parameter.size
       self._control()
       yield response
 
   def StreamingInputCall(self, request_iter, unused_rpc_context):
-    response = self._response_pb2.StreamingInputCallResponse()
+    response = response_pb2.StreamingInputCallResponse()
     aggregated_payload_size = 0
     for request in request_iter:
       aggregated_payload_size += len(request.payload.payload_compressable)
@@ -117,8 +120,8 @@ class _ServicerMethods(object):
   def FullDuplexCall(self, request_iter, unused_rpc_context):
     for request in request_iter:
       for parameter in request.response_parameters:
-        response = self._response_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
-        response.payload.payload_type = self._payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+        response = response_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
+        response.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
         response.payload.payload_compressable = 'a' * parameter.size
         self._control()
         yield response
@@ -127,8 +130,8 @@ class _ServicerMethods(object):
     responses = []
     for request in request_iter:
       for parameter in request.response_parameters:
-        response = self._response_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
-        response.payload.payload_type = self._payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
+        response = response_pb2.StreamingOutputCallResponse()
+        response.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
         response.payload.payload_compressable = 'a' * parameter.size
         self._control()
         responses.append(response)
@@ -137,23 +140,18 @@ class _ServicerMethods(object):
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def _CreateService(service_pb2, response_pb2, payload_pb2):
+def _CreateService():
   """Provides a servicer backend and a stub.
 
   The servicer is just the implementation of the actual servicer passed to the
   face player of the python RPC implementation; the two are detached.
 
-  Args:
-    service_pb2: The service_pb2 module generated by this test.
-    response_pb2: The response_pb2 module generated by this test
-    payload_pb2: The payload_pb2 module generated by this test
-
   Yields:
     A (servicer_methods, stub) pair where servicer_methods is the back-end of
       the service bound to the stub and and stub is the stub on which to invoke
       RPCs.
   """
-  servicer_methods = _ServicerMethods(response_pb2, payload_pb2)
+  servicer_methods = _ServicerMethods()
 
   class Servicer(getattr(service_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER)):
 
@@ -183,7 +181,7 @@ def _CreateService(service_pb2, response_pb2, payload_pb2):
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def _CreateIncompleteService(service_pb2):
+def _CreateIncompleteService():
   """Provides a servicer backend that fails to implement methods and its stub.
 
   The servicer is just the implementation of the actual servicer passed to the
@@ -209,7 +207,7 @@ def _CreateIncompleteService(service_pb2):
   server.stop(0)
 
 
-def _streaming_input_request_iterator(request_pb2, payload_pb2):
+def _streaming_input_request_iterator():
   for _ in range(3):
     request = request_pb2.StreamingInputCallRequest()
     request.payload.payload_type = payload_pb2.COMPRESSABLE
@@ -217,7 +215,7 @@ def _streaming_input_request_iterator(request_pb2, payload_pb2):
     yield request
 
 
-def _streaming_output_request(request_pb2):
+def _streaming_output_request():
   request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
   sizes = [1, 2, 3]
   request.response_parameters.add(size=sizes[0], interval_us=0)
@@ -226,7 +224,7 @@ def _streaming_output_request(request_pb2):
   return request
 
 
-def _full_duplex_request_iterator(request_pb2):
+def _full_duplex_request_iterator():
   request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
   request.response_parameters.add(size=1, interval_us=0)
   yield request
@@ -244,101 +242,39 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
   methods and does not exist for response-streaming methods.
   """
 
-  def setUp(self):
-    # Assume that the appropriate protoc and grpc_python_plugins are on the
-    # path.
-    protoc_command = 'protoc'
-    protoc_plugin_filename = distutils.spawn.find_executable(
-        'grpc_python_plugin')
-    if not os.path.isfile(protoc_command):
-      # Assume that if we haven't built protoc that it's on the system.
-      protoc_command = 'protoc'
-
-    # Ensure that the output directory exists.
-    self.outdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
-
-    # Find all proto files
-    paths = []
-    root_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
-    proto_dir = os.path.join(root_dir, 'protos')
-    for walk_root, _, filenames in os.walk(proto_dir):
-      for filename in filenames:
-        if filename.endswith('.proto'):
-          path = os.path.join(walk_root, filename)
-          paths.append(path)
-
-    # Invoke protoc with the plugin.
-    cmd = [
-        protoc_command,
-        '--plugin=protoc-gen-python-grpc=%s' % protoc_plugin_filename,
-        '-I %s' % root_dir,
-        '--python_out=%s' % self.outdir,
-        '--python-grpc_out=%s' % self.outdir
-    ] + paths
-    subprocess.check_call(' '.join(cmd), shell=True, env=os.environ,
-                          cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)))
-
-    # Generated proto directories dont include __init__.py, but
-    # these are needed for python package resolution
-    for walk_root, _, _ in os.walk(os.path.join(self.outdir, 'protos')):
-      path = os.path.join(walk_root, '__init__.py')
-      open(path, 'a').close()
-
-    sys.path.insert(0, self.outdir)
-
-    import protos.payload.test_payload_pb2 as payload_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
-    import protos.requests.r.test_requests_pb2 as request_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
-    import protos.responses.test_responses_pb2 as response_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
-    import protos.service.test_service_pb2 as service_pb2  # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
-    self._payload_pb2 = payload_pb2
-    self._request_pb2 = request_pb2
-    self._response_pb2 = response_pb2
-    self._service_pb2 = service_pb2
-
-  def tearDown(self):
-    try:
-      shutil.rmtree(self.outdir)
-    except OSError as exc:
-      if exc.errno != errno.ENOENT:
-        raise
-    sys.path.remove(self.outdir)
-
   def testImportAttributes(self):
     # check that we can access the generated module and its members.
     self.assertIsNotNone(
-        getattr(self._service_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER, None))
+        getattr(service_pb2, SERVICER_IDENTIFIER, None))
     self.assertIsNotNone(
-        getattr(self._service_pb2, STUB_IDENTIFIER, None))
+        getattr(service_pb2, STUB_IDENTIFIER, None))
     self.assertIsNotNone(
-        getattr(self._service_pb2, SERVER_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER, None))
+        getattr(service_pb2, SERVER_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER, None))
     self.assertIsNotNone(
-        getattr(self._service_pb2, STUB_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER, None))
+        getattr(service_pb2, STUB_FACTORY_IDENTIFIER, None))
 
   def testUpDown(self):
-    with _CreateService(
-        self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2, self._payload_pb2):
-      self._request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    with _CreateService():
+      request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
 
   def testIncompleteServicer(self):
-    with _CreateIncompleteService(self._service_pb2) as (_, stub):
-      request = self._request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    with _CreateIncompleteService() as (_, stub):
+      request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
       try:
         stub.UnaryCall(request, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
       except face.AbortionError as error:
         self.assertEqual(interfaces.StatusCode.UNIMPLEMENTED, error.code)
 
   def testUnaryCall(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
-      request = self._request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+      request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
       response = stub.UnaryCall(request, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
     expected_response = methods.UnaryCall(request, 'not a real context!')
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testUnaryCallFuture(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
-      request = self._request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+      request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
       # Check that the call does not block waiting for the server to respond.
       with methods.pause():
         response_future = stub.UnaryCall.future(
@@ -348,9 +284,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testUnaryCallFutureExpired(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
-      request = self._request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+      request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
       with methods.pause():
         response_future = stub.UnaryCall.future(
             request, test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
@@ -358,27 +293,24 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
           response_future.result()
 
   def testUnaryCallFutureCancelled(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
-      request = self._request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+      request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
       with methods.pause():
         response_future = stub.UnaryCall.future(request, 1)
         response_future.cancel()
         self.assertTrue(response_future.cancelled())
 
   def testUnaryCallFutureFailed(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
-      request = self._request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+      request = request_pb2.SimpleRequest(response_size=13)
       with methods.fail():
         response_future = stub.UnaryCall.future(
             request, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
         self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.exception())
 
   def testStreamingOutputCall(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
-      request = _streaming_output_request(self._request_pb2)
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+      request = _streaming_output_request()
       responses = stub.StreamingOutputCall(
           request, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
       expected_responses = methods.StreamingOutputCall(
@@ -388,9 +320,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testStreamingOutputCallExpired(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
-      request = _streaming_output_request(self._request_pb2)
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+      request = _streaming_output_request()
       with methods.pause():
         responses = stub.StreamingOutputCall(
             request, test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
@@ -398,9 +329,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
           list(responses)
 
   def testStreamingOutputCallCancelled(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
-      request = _streaming_output_request(self._request_pb2)
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+      request = _streaming_output_request()
       responses = stub.StreamingOutputCall(
           request, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
       next(responses)
@@ -409,9 +339,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         next(responses)
 
   def testStreamingOutputCallFailed(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
-      request = _streaming_output_request(self._request_pb2)
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+      request = _streaming_output_request()
       with methods.fail():
         responses = stub.StreamingOutputCall(request, 1)
         self.assertIsNotNone(responses)
@@ -419,38 +348,32 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
           next(responses)
 
   def testStreamingInputCall(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
       response = stub.StreamingInputCall(
-          _streaming_input_request_iterator(
-              self._request_pb2, self._payload_pb2),
+          _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
           test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
     expected_response = methods.StreamingInputCall(
-        _streaming_input_request_iterator(self._request_pb2, self._payload_pb2),
+        _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
         'not a real RpcContext!')
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testStreamingInputCallFuture(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
       with methods.pause():
         response_future = stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
-            _streaming_input_request_iterator(
-                self._request_pb2, self._payload_pb2),
+            _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
             test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
       response = response_future.result()
     expected_response = methods.StreamingInputCall(
-        _streaming_input_request_iterator(self._request_pb2, self._payload_pb2),
+        _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
         'not a real RpcContext!')
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testStreamingInputCallFutureExpired(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
       with methods.pause():
         response_future = stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
-            _streaming_input_request_iterator(
-                self._request_pb2, self._payload_pb2),
+            _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
             test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
         with self.assertRaises(face.ExpirationError):
           response_future.result()
@@ -458,12 +381,10 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
             response_future.exception(), face.ExpirationError)
 
   def testStreamingInputCallFutureCancelled(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
       with methods.pause():
         response_future = stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
-            _streaming_input_request_iterator(
-                self._request_pb2, self._payload_pb2),
+            _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
             test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
         response_future.cancel()
         self.assertTrue(response_future.cancelled())
@@ -471,32 +392,28 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         response_future.result()
 
   def testStreamingInputCallFutureFailed(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
       with methods.fail():
         response_future = stub.StreamingInputCall.future(
-            _streaming_input_request_iterator(
-                self._request_pb2, self._payload_pb2),
+            _streaming_input_request_iterator(),
             test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
         self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.exception())
 
   def testFullDuplexCall(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
       responses = stub.FullDuplexCall(
-          _full_duplex_request_iterator(self._request_pb2),
+          _full_duplex_request_iterator(),
           test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
       expected_responses = methods.FullDuplexCall(
-          _full_duplex_request_iterator(self._request_pb2),
+          _full_duplex_request_iterator(),
           'not a real RpcContext!')
       for expected_response, response in moves.zip_longest(
           expected_responses, responses):
         self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
   def testFullDuplexCallExpired(self):
-    request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator(self._request_pb2)
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+    request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator()
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
       with methods.pause():
         responses = stub.FullDuplexCall(
             request_iterator, test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
@@ -504,9 +421,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
           list(responses)
 
   def testFullDuplexCallCancelled(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
-      request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator(self._request_pb2)
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
+      request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator()
       responses = stub.FullDuplexCall(
           request_iterator, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
       next(responses)
@@ -515,9 +431,8 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         next(responses)
 
   def testFullDuplexCallFailed(self):
-    request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator(self._request_pb2)
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+    request_iterator = _full_duplex_request_iterator()
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
       with methods.fail():
         responses = stub.FullDuplexCall(
             request_iterator, test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
@@ -526,13 +441,12 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
           next(responses)
 
   def testHalfDuplexCall(self):
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
       def half_duplex_request_iterator():
-        request = self._request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+        request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
         request.response_parameters.add(size=1, interval_us=0)
         yield request
-        request = self._request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+        request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
         request.response_parameters.add(size=2, interval_us=0)
         request.response_parameters.add(size=3, interval_us=0)
         yield request
@@ -557,14 +471,13 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
         wait_cell[0] = False
         condition.notify_all()
     def half_duplex_request_iterator():
-      request = self._request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
+      request = request_pb2.StreamingOutputCallRequest()
       request.response_parameters.add(size=1, interval_us=0)
       yield request
       with condition:
         while wait_cell[0]:
           condition.wait()
-    with _CreateService(self._service_pb2, self._response_pb2,
-                        self._payload_pb2) as (methods, stub):
+    with _CreateService() as (methods, stub):
       with wait():
         responses = stub.HalfDuplexCall(
             half_duplex_request_iterator(), test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT)
@@ -574,5 +487,4 @@ class PythonPluginTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-  #os.chdir(os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]))
   unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/core/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/payload/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/crust/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/payload/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/payload/test_payload.proto b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/payload/test_payload.proto
index 457543aa79..457543aa79 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/payload/test_payload.proto
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/payload/test_payload.proto
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/interfaces/links/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/requests/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/interfaces/links/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/requests/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/requests/r/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/interop/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/requests/r/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/requests/r/test_requests.proto b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/requests/r/test_requests.proto
index 54105df6a5..365ae738e1 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/requests/r/test_requests.proto
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/requests/r/test_requests.proto
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-import "protos/payload/test_payload.proto";
+import "tests/protoc_plugin/protos/payload/test_payload.proto";
 
 package grpc_protoc_plugin;
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/responses/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/responses/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/responses/test_responses.proto b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/responses/test_responses.proto
index 734fbda86e..1d54d58db1 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/responses/test_responses.proto
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/responses/test_responses.proto
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-import "protos/payload/test_payload.proto";
+import "tests/protoc_plugin/protos/payload/test_payload.proto";
 
 package grpc_protoc_plugin;
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/service/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/service/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/service/test_service.proto b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/service/test_service.proto
index fe715ee7f9..003dbbb9eb 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/service/test_service.proto
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/protoc_plugin/protos/service/test_service.proto
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 
 syntax = "proto3";
 
-import "protos/requests/r/test_requests.proto";
-import "protos/responses/test_responses.proto";
+import "tests/protoc_plugin/protos/requests/r/test_requests.proto";
+import "tests/protoc_plugin/protos/responses/test_responses.proto";
 
 package grpc_protoc_plugin;
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/__init__.py
index 100a624dc9..100a624dc9 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/benchmark_client.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/benchmark_client.py
index b372ea01ad..83b46c914e 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/benchmark_client.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/benchmark_client.py
@@ -30,24 +30,30 @@
 """Defines test client behaviors (UNARY/STREAMING) (SYNC/ASYNC)."""
 
 import abc
+import threading
 import time
-try:
-  import Queue as queue  # Python 2.x
-except ImportError:
-  import queue  # Python 3
 
 from concurrent import futures
+from six.moves import queue
 
-from grpc.beta import implementations
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
+import grpc
 from src.proto.grpc.testing import messages_pb2
 from src.proto.grpc.testing import services_pb2
 from tests.unit import resources
-from tests.unit.beta import test_utilities
+from tests.unit import test_common
 
 _TIMEOUT = 60 * 60 * 24
 
 
+class GenericStub(object):
+
+  def __init__(self, channel):
+    self.UnaryCall = channel.unary_unary(
+        '/grpc.testing.BenchmarkService/UnaryCall')
+    self.StreamingCall = channel.stream_stream(
+        '/grpc.testing.BenchmarkService/StreamingCall')
+
+
 class BenchmarkClient:
   """Benchmark client interface that exposes a non-blocking send_request()."""
 
@@ -55,19 +61,23 @@ class BenchmarkClient:
 
   def __init__(self, server, config, hist):
     # Create the stub
-    host, port = server.split(':')
-    port = int(port)
     if config.HasField('security_params'):
-      creds = implementations.ssl_channel_credentials(
-          resources.test_root_certificates())
-      channel = test_utilities.not_really_secure_channel(
-          host, port, creds, config.security_params.server_host_override)
+      creds = grpc.ssl_channel_credentials(resources.test_root_certificates())
+      channel = test_common.test_secure_channel(
+        server, creds, config.security_params.server_host_override)
     else:
-      channel = implementations.insecure_channel(host, port)
+      channel = grpc.insecure_channel(server)
+
+    connected_event = threading.Event()
+    def wait_for_ready(connectivity):
+      if connectivity == grpc.ChannelConnectivity.READY:
+        connected_event.set()
+    channel.subscribe(wait_for_ready, try_to_connect=True)
+    connected_event.wait()
 
     if config.payload_config.WhichOneof('payload') == 'simple_params':
       self._generic = False
-      self._stub = services_pb2.beta_create_BenchmarkService_stub(channel)
+      self._stub = services_pb2.BenchmarkServiceStub(channel)
       payload = messages_pb2.Payload(
           body='\0' * config.payload_config.simple_params.req_size)
       self._request = messages_pb2.SimpleRequest(
@@ -75,13 +85,14 @@ class BenchmarkClient:
           response_size=config.payload_config.simple_params.resp_size)
     else:
       self._generic = True
-      self._stub = implementations.generic_stub(channel)
+      self._stub = GenericStub(channel)
       self._request = '\0' * config.payload_config.bytebuf_params.req_size
 
     self._hist = hist
     self._response_callbacks = []
 
   def add_response_callback(self, callback):
+    """callback will be invoked as callback(client, query_time)"""
     self._response_callbacks.append(callback)
 
   @abc.abstractmethod
@@ -95,10 +106,10 @@ class BenchmarkClient:
   def stop(self):
     pass
 
-  def _handle_response(self, query_time):
+  def _handle_response(self, client, query_time):
     self._hist.add(query_time * 1e9)  # Report times in nanoseconds
     for callback in self._response_callbacks:
-      callback(query_time)
+      callback(client, query_time)
 
 
 class UnarySyncBenchmarkClient(BenchmarkClient):
@@ -121,7 +132,7 @@ class UnarySyncBenchmarkClient(BenchmarkClient):
     start_time = time.time()
     self._stub.UnaryCall(self._request, _TIMEOUT)
     end_time = time.time()
-    self._handle_response(end_time - start_time)
+    self._handle_response(self, end_time - start_time)
 
 
 class UnaryAsyncBenchmarkClient(BenchmarkClient):
@@ -136,19 +147,20 @@ class UnaryAsyncBenchmarkClient(BenchmarkClient):
   def _response_received(self, start_time, resp):
     resp.result()
     end_time = time.time()
-    self._handle_response(end_time - start_time)
+    self._handle_response(self, end_time - start_time)
 
   def stop(self):
     self._stub = None
 
 
-class StreamingSyncBenchmarkClient(BenchmarkClient):
+class _SyncStream(object):
 
-  def __init__(self, server, config, hist):
-    super(StreamingSyncBenchmarkClient, self).__init__(server, config, hist)
+  def __init__(self, stub, generic, request, handle_response):
+    self._stub = stub
+    self._generic = generic
+    self._request = request
+    self._handle_response = handle_response
     self._is_streaming = False
-    self._pool = futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1)
-    # Use a thread-safe queue to put requests on the stream
     self._request_queue = queue.Queue()
     self._send_time_queue = queue.Queue()
 
@@ -158,25 +170,14 @@ class StreamingSyncBenchmarkClient(BenchmarkClient):
 
   def start(self):
     self._is_streaming = True
-    self._pool.submit(self._request_stream)
+    response_stream = self._stub.StreamingCall(
+        self._request_generator(), _TIMEOUT)
+    for _ in response_stream:
+      self._handle_response(
+          self, time.time() - self._send_time_queue.get_nowait())
 
   def stop(self):
     self._is_streaming = False
-    self._pool.shutdown(wait=True)
-    self._stub = None
-
-  def _request_stream(self):
-    self._is_streaming = True
-    if self._generic:
-      stream_callable = self._stub.stream_stream(
-          'grpc.testing.BenchmarkService', 'StreamingCall')
-    else:
-      stream_callable = self._stub.StreamingCall
-
-    response_stream = stream_callable(self._request_generator(), _TIMEOUT)
-    for _ in response_stream:
-      end_time = time.time()
-      self._handle_response(end_time - self._send_time_queue.get_nowait())
 
   def _request_generator(self):
     while self._is_streaming:
@@ -187,46 +188,28 @@ class StreamingSyncBenchmarkClient(BenchmarkClient):
         pass
 
 
-class AsyncReceiver(face.ResponseReceiver):
-  """Receiver for async stream responses."""
-
-  def __init__(self, send_time_queue, response_handler):
-    self._send_time_queue = send_time_queue
-    self._response_handler = response_handler
-
-  def initial_metadata(self, initial_mdetadata):
-    pass
-
-  def response(self, response):
-    end_time = time.time()
-    self._response_handler(end_time - self._send_time_queue.get_nowait())
-
-  def complete(self, terminal_metadata, code, details):
-    pass
-
-
-class StreamingAsyncBenchmarkClient(BenchmarkClient):
+class StreamingSyncBenchmarkClient(BenchmarkClient):
 
   def __init__(self, server, config, hist):
-    super(StreamingAsyncBenchmarkClient, self).__init__(server, config, hist)
-    self._send_time_queue = queue.Queue()
-    self._receiver = AsyncReceiver(self._send_time_queue, self._handle_response)
-    self._rendezvous = None
+    super(StreamingSyncBenchmarkClient, self).__init__(server, config, hist)
+    self._pool = futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(
+        max_workers=config.outstanding_rpcs_per_channel)
+    self._streams = [_SyncStream(self._stub, self._generic, 
+                                 self._request, self._handle_response)
+                     for _ in xrange(config.outstanding_rpcs_per_channel)]
+    self._curr_stream = 0
 
   def send_request(self):
-    if self._rendezvous is not None:
-      self._send_time_queue.put(time.time())
-      self._rendezvous.consume(self._request)
+    # Use a round_robin scheduler to determine what stream to send on
+    self._streams[self._curr_stream].send_request()
+    self._curr_stream = (self._curr_stream + 1) % len(self._streams)
 
   def start(self):
-    if self._generic:
-      stream_callable = self._stub.stream_stream(
-          'grpc.testing.BenchmarkService', 'StreamingCall')
-    else:
-      stream_callable = self._stub.StreamingCall
-    self._rendezvous = stream_callable.event(
-        self._receiver, lambda *args: None, _TIMEOUT)
+    for stream in self._streams:
+      self._pool.submit(stream.start)
 
   def stop(self):
-    self._rendezvous.terminate()
-    self._rendezvous = None
+    for stream in self._streams:
+      stream.stop()
+    self._pool.shutdown(wait=True)
+    self._stub = None
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/benchmark_server.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/benchmark_server.py
index 8cbf480d58..2b76b810cd 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/benchmark_server.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/benchmark_server.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ from src.proto.grpc.testing import messages_pb2
 from src.proto.grpc.testing import services_pb2
 
 
-class BenchmarkServer(services_pb2.BetaBenchmarkServiceServicer):
+class BenchmarkServer(services_pb2.BenchmarkServiceServicer):
   """Synchronous Server implementation for the Benchmark service."""
 
   def UnaryCall(self, request, context):
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class BenchmarkServer(services_pb2.BetaBenchmarkServiceServicer):
       yield messages_pb2.SimpleResponse(payload=payload)
 
 
-class GenericBenchmarkServer(services_pb2.BetaBenchmarkServiceServicer):
+class GenericBenchmarkServer(services_pb2.BenchmarkServiceServicer):
   """Generic Server implementation for the Benchmark service."""
 
   def __init__(self, resp_size):
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/client_runner.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/client_runner.py
index 1ede7d2af1..1fd58687ad 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/client_runner.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/client_runner.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ ClientRunner invokes either periodically or in response to some event.
 """
 
 import abc
-import thread
+import threading
 import time
 
 
@@ -61,15 +61,18 @@ class OpenLoopClientRunner(ClientRunner):
     super(OpenLoopClientRunner, self).__init__(client)
     self._is_running = False
     self._interval_generator = interval_generator
+    self._dispatch_thread = threading.Thread(
+        target=self._dispatch_requests, args=())
 
   def start(self):
     self._is_running = True
     self._client.start()
-    thread.start_new_thread(self._dispatch_requests, ())
-
+    self._dispatch_thread.start()
+   
   def stop(self):
     self._is_running = False
     self._client.stop()
+    self._dispatch_thread.join()
     self._client = None
 
   def _dispatch_requests(self):
@@ -98,7 +101,6 @@ class ClosedLoopClientRunner(ClientRunner):
     self._client.stop()
     self._client = None
 
-  def _send_request(self, response_time):
+  def _send_request(self, client, response_time):
     if self._is_running:
-      self._client.send_request()
-
+      client.send_request()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/histogram.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/histogram.py
index 9a7b5eb2ba..9a7b5eb2ba 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/histogram.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/histogram.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/qps_worker.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/qps_worker.py
index 3dda718638..2371ff0956 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/qps_worker.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/qps_worker.py
@@ -32,19 +32,20 @@
 import argparse
 import time
 
+from concurrent import futures
+import grpc
 from src.proto.grpc.testing import services_pb2
 
 from tests.qps import worker_server
 
 
 def run_worker_server(port):
+  server = grpc.server(futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5))
   servicer = worker_server.WorkerServer()
-  server = services_pb2.beta_create_WorkerService_server(servicer)
+  services_pb2.add_WorkerServiceServicer_to_server(servicer, server)
   server.add_insecure_port('[::]:{}'.format(port))
   server.start()
   servicer.wait_for_quit()
-  # Drain outstanding requests for clean exit
-  time.sleep(2)
   server.stop(0)
 
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/worker_server.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/worker_server.py
index 1f9af5482c..46d542940f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/qps/worker_server.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/qps/worker_server.py
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ import random
 import threading
 import time
 
-from grpc.beta import implementations
-from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import utilities
+from concurrent import futures
+import grpc
 from src.proto.grpc.testing import control_pb2
 from src.proto.grpc.testing import services_pb2
 from src.proto.grpc.testing import stats_pb2
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ from tests.qps import histogram
 from tests.unit import resources
 
 
-class WorkerServer(services_pb2.BetaWorkerServiceServicer):
+class WorkerServer(services_pb2.WorkerServiceServicer):
   """Python Worker Server implementation."""
 
   def __init__(self):
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class WorkerServer(services_pb2.BetaWorkerServiceServicer):
       if request.mark.reset:
         start_time = end_time
       yield status
-    server.stop(0)
+    server.stop(None)
 
   def _get_server_status(self, start_time, end_time, port, cores):
     end_time = time.time()
@@ -76,25 +76,35 @@ class WorkerServer(services_pb2.BetaWorkerServiceServicer):
     return control_pb2.ServerStatus(stats=stats, port=port, cores=cores)
 
   def _create_server(self, config):
-    if config.server_type == control_pb2.SYNC_SERVER:
+    if config.async_server_threads == 0:
+      # This is the default concurrent.futures thread pool size, but
+      # None doesn't seem to work
+      server_threads = multiprocessing.cpu_count() * 5
+    else:
+      server_threads = config.async_server_threads
+    server = grpc.server(futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(
+        max_workers=server_threads))
+    if config.server_type == control_pb2.ASYNC_SERVER:
       servicer = benchmark_server.BenchmarkServer()
-      server = services_pb2.beta_create_BenchmarkService_server(servicer)
+      services_pb2.add_BenchmarkServiceServicer_to_server(servicer, server)
     elif config.server_type == control_pb2.ASYNC_GENERIC_SERVER:
       resp_size = config.payload_config.bytebuf_params.resp_size
       servicer = benchmark_server.GenericBenchmarkServer(resp_size)
       method_implementations = {
-          ('grpc.testing.BenchmarkService', 'StreamingCall'):
-          utilities.stream_stream_inline(servicer.StreamingCall),
-          ('grpc.testing.BenchmarkService', 'UnaryCall'):
-          utilities.unary_unary_inline(servicer.UnaryCall),
+          'StreamingCall':
+          grpc.stream_stream_rpc_method_handler(servicer.StreamingCall),
+          'UnaryCall':
+          grpc.unary_unary_rpc_method_handler(servicer.UnaryCall),
       }
-      server = implementations.server(method_implementations)
+      handler = grpc.method_handlers_generic_handler(
+          'grpc.testing.BenchmarkService', method_implementations)
+      server.add_generic_rpc_handlers((handler,))
     else:
       raise Exception('Unsupported server type {}'.format(config.server_type))
 
     if config.HasField('security_params'):  # Use SSL
-      server_creds = implementations.ssl_server_credentials([(
-          resources.private_key(), resources.certificate_chain())])
+      server_creds = grpc.ssl_server_credentials(
+          ((resources.private_key(), resources.certificate_chain()),))
       port = server.add_secure_port('[::]:{}'.format(config.port), server_creds)
     else:
       port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:{}'.format(config.port))
@@ -153,9 +163,8 @@ class WorkerServer(services_pb2.BetaWorkerServiceServicer):
       if config.rpc_type == control_pb2.UNARY:
         client = benchmark_client.UnaryAsyncBenchmarkClient(
             server, config, qps_data)
-      elif config.rpc_type == control_pb2.STREAMING:
-        client = benchmark_client.StreamingAsyncBenchmarkClient(
-            server, config, qps_data)
+      else:
+        raise Exception('Async streaming client not supported')
     else:
       raise Exception('Unsupported client type {}'.format(config.client_type))
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/stress/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/stress/__init__.py
index 100a624dc9..100a624dc9 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/stress/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/stress/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/stress/client.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/stress/client.py
index e2e016760c..0de2532cd8 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/stress/client.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/stress/client.py
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@
 """Entry point for running stress tests."""
 
 import argparse
-import Queue
 import threading
 
 from grpc.beta import implementations
+from six.moves import queue
 from src.proto.grpc.testing import metrics_pb2
 from src.proto.grpc.testing import test_pb2
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ def run_test(args):
   test_cases = _parse_weighted_test_cases(args.test_cases)
   test_servers = args.server_addresses.split(',')
   # Propagate any client exceptions with a queue
-  exception_queue = Queue.Queue()
+  exception_queue = queue.Queue()
   stop_event = threading.Event()
   hist = histogram.Histogram(1, 1)
   runners = []
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def run_test(args):
     if timeout_secs < 0:
       timeout_secs = None
     raise exception_queue.get(block=True, timeout=timeout_secs)
-  except Queue.Empty:
+  except queue.Empty:
     # No exceptions thrown, success
     pass
   finally:
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/stress/metrics_server.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/stress/metrics_server.py
index b994e4643e..b994e4643e 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/stress/metrics_server.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/stress/metrics_server.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/stress/test_runner.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/stress/test_runner.py
index 88f13727e3..88f13727e3 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/stress/test_runner.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/stress/test_runner.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/tests.json b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/tests.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dcaef0db1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/tests.json
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+[
+  "_api_test.AllTest",
+  "_api_test.ChannelConnectivityTest",
+  "_api_test.ChannelTest",
+  "_auth_test.AccessTokenCallCredentialsTest",
+  "_auth_test.GoogleCallCredentialsTest",
+  "_beta_features_test.BetaFeaturesTest", 
+  "_beta_features_test.ContextManagementAndLifecycleTest", 
+  "_cancel_many_calls_test.CancelManyCallsTest",
+  "_channel_connectivity_test.ChannelConnectivityTest",
+  "_channel_ready_future_test.ChannelReadyFutureTest",
+  "_channel_test.ChannelTest", 
+  "_compression_test.CompressionTest",
+  "_connectivity_channel_test.ConnectivityStatesTest",
+  "_credentials_test.CredentialsTest",
+  "_empty_message_test.EmptyMessageTest",
+  "_exit_test.ExitTest",
+  "_face_interface_test.DynamicInvokerBlockingInvocationInlineServiceTest", 
+  "_face_interface_test.DynamicInvokerFutureInvocationAsynchronousEventServiceTest", 
+  "_face_interface_test.GenericInvokerBlockingInvocationInlineServiceTest", 
+  "_face_interface_test.GenericInvokerFutureInvocationAsynchronousEventServiceTest", 
+  "_face_interface_test.MultiCallableInvokerBlockingInvocationInlineServiceTest", 
+  "_face_interface_test.MultiCallableInvokerFutureInvocationAsynchronousEventServiceTest",
+  "_health_servicer_test.HealthServicerTest",
+  "_implementations_test.CallCredentialsTest",
+  "_implementations_test.ChannelCredentialsTest", 
+  "_insecure_interop_test.InsecureInteropTest", 
+  "_logging_pool_test.LoggingPoolTest", 
+  "_metadata_code_details_test.MetadataCodeDetailsTest",
+  "_metadata_test.MetadataTest",
+  "_not_found_test.NotFoundTest", 
+  "_python_plugin_test.PythonPluginTest",
+  "_read_some_but_not_all_responses_test.ReadSomeButNotAllResponsesTest",
+  "_rpc_test.RPCTest",
+  "_sanity_test.Sanity", 
+  "_secure_interop_test.SecureInteropTest", 
+  "_thread_cleanup_test.CleanupThreadTest",
+  "_utilities_test.ChannelConnectivityTest", 
+  "beta_python_plugin_test.PythonPluginTest", 
+  "cygrpc_test.InsecureServerInsecureClient", 
+  "cygrpc_test.SecureServerSecureClient", 
+  "cygrpc_test.TypeSmokeTest"
+]
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_adapter/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_api_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_api_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2fe89499f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_api_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Test of gRPC Python's application-layer API."""
+
+import unittest
+
+import six
+
+import grpc
+
+from tests.unit import _from_grpc_import_star
+
+
+class AllTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testAll(self):
+    expected_grpc_code_elements = (
+        'FutureTimeoutError',
+        'FutureCancelledError',
+        'Future',
+        'ChannelConnectivity',
+        'StatusCode',
+        'RpcError',
+        'RpcContext',
+        'Call',
+        'ChannelCredentials',
+        'CallCredentials',
+        'AuthMetadataContext',
+        'AuthMetadataPluginCallback',
+        'AuthMetadataPlugin',
+        'ServerCredentials',
+        'UnaryUnaryMultiCallable',
+        'UnaryStreamMultiCallable',
+        'StreamUnaryMultiCallable',
+        'StreamStreamMultiCallable',
+        'Channel',
+        'ServicerContext',
+        'RpcMethodHandler',
+        'HandlerCallDetails',
+        'GenericRpcHandler',
+        'Server',
+        'unary_unary_rpc_method_handler',
+        'unary_stream_rpc_method_handler',
+        'stream_unary_rpc_method_handler',
+        'stream_stream_rpc_method_handler',
+        'method_handlers_generic_handler',
+        'ssl_channel_credentials',
+        'metadata_call_credentials',
+        'access_token_call_credentials',
+        'composite_call_credentials',
+        'composite_channel_credentials',
+        'ssl_server_credentials',
+        'channel_ready_future',
+        'insecure_channel',
+        'secure_channel',
+        'server',
+    )
+
+    six.assertCountEqual(
+        self, expected_grpc_code_elements,
+        _from_grpc_import_star.GRPC_ELEMENTS)
+
+
+class ChannelConnectivityTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testChannelConnectivity(self):
+    self.assertSequenceEqual(
+        (grpc.ChannelConnectivity.IDLE,
+         grpc.ChannelConnectivity.CONNECTING,
+         grpc.ChannelConnectivity.READY,
+         grpc.ChannelConnectivity.TRANSIENT_FAILURE,
+         grpc.ChannelConnectivity.SHUTDOWN,),
+        tuple(grpc.ChannelConnectivity))
+
+
+class ChannelTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def test_secure_channel(self):
+    channel_credentials = grpc.ssl_channel_credentials()
+    channel = grpc.secure_channel('google.com:443', channel_credentials)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_auth_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_auth_test.py
index c31f7b06f7..c31f7b06f7 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_auth_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_auth_test.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_channel_connectivity_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_channel_connectivity_test.py
index a1575efada..3c00f686ce 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_channel_connectivity_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_channel_connectivity_test.py
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class ChannelConnectivityTest(unittest.TestCase):
         grpc.ChannelConnectivity.READY, fifth_connectivities)
 
   def test_immediately_connectable_channel_connectivity(self):
-    server = _server.Server((), futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=0))
+    server = _server.Server(futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=0), ())
     port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
     server.start()
     first_callback = _Callback()
@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@ class ChannelConnectivityTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertNotIn(
         grpc.ChannelConnectivity.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, third_connectivities)
     self.assertNotIn(
-        grpc.ChannelConnectivity.FATAL_FAILURE, third_connectivities)
+        grpc.ChannelConnectivity.SHUTDOWN, third_connectivities)
     self.assertNotIn(
         grpc.ChannelConnectivity.TRANSIENT_FAILURE,
         fourth_connectivities)
     self.assertNotIn(
-        grpc.ChannelConnectivity.FATAL_FAILURE, fourth_connectivities)
+        grpc.ChannelConnectivity.SHUTDOWN, fourth_connectivities)
 
   def test_reachable_then_unreachable_channel_connectivity(self):
-    server = _server.Server((), futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=0))
+    server = _server.Server(futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=0), ())
     port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
     server.start()
     callback = _Callback()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_channel_ready_future_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_channel_ready_future_test.py
index b84bc0197a..e8982ed2de 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_channel_ready_future_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_channel_ready_future_test.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class ChannelReadyFutureTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertFalse(ready_future.running())
 
   def test_immediately_connectable_channel_connectivity(self):
-    server = _server.Server((), futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=0))
+    server = _server.Server(futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=0), ())
     port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
     server.start()
     channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:{}'.format(port))
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_compression_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_compression_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83b9109466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_compression_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+"""Tests server and client side compression."""
+
+import unittest
+
+import grpc
+from grpc import _grpcio_metadata
+from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
+
+from tests.unit import test_common
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+
+_UNARY_UNARY = '/test/UnaryUnary'
+_STREAM_STREAM = '/test/StreamStream'
+
+
+def handle_unary(request, servicer_context):
+  servicer_context.send_initial_metadata([
+    ('grpc-internal-encoding-request', 'gzip')])
+  return request
+
+
+def handle_stream(request_iterator, servicer_context):
+  # TODO(issue:#6891) We should be able to remove this loop,
+  # and replace with return; yield
+  servicer_context.send_initial_metadata([
+    ('grpc-internal-encoding-request', 'gzip')])
+  for request in request_iterator:
+    yield request
+
+
+class _MethodHandler(grpc.RpcMethodHandler):
+
+  def __init__(self, request_streaming, response_streaming):
+    self.request_streaming = request_streaming
+    self.response_streaming = response_streaming
+    self.request_deserializer = None
+    self.response_serializer = None
+    self.unary_unary = None
+    self.unary_stream = None
+    self.stream_unary = None
+    self.stream_stream = None
+    if self.request_streaming and self.response_streaming:
+      self.stream_stream = lambda x, y: handle_stream(x, y)
+    elif not self.request_streaming and not self.response_streaming:
+      self.unary_unary = lambda x, y: handle_unary(x, y)
+
+
+class _GenericHandler(grpc.GenericRpcHandler):
+
+  def service(self, handler_call_details):
+    if handler_call_details.method == _UNARY_UNARY:
+      return _MethodHandler(False, False)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == _STREAM_STREAM:
+      return _MethodHandler(True, True)
+    else:
+      return None
+
+
+class CompressionTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self._server_pool = logging_pool.pool(test_constants.THREAD_CONCURRENCY)
+    self._server = grpc.server(
+        self._server_pool, handlers=(_GenericHandler(),))
+    self._port = self._server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
+    self._server.start()
+
+  def testUnary(self):
+    request = b'\x00' * 100
+
+    # Client -> server compressed through default client channel compression
+    # settings. Server -> client compressed via server-side metadata setting.
+    # TODO(https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/4078): replace the "1" integer
+    # literal with proper use of the public API.
+    compressed_channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:%d' % self._port,
+        options=[('grpc.default_compression_algorithm', 1)])
+    multi_callable = compressed_channel.unary_unary(_UNARY_UNARY)
+    response = multi_callable(request)
+    self.assertEqual(request, response)
+
+    # Client -> server compressed through client metadata setting. Server ->
+    # client compressed via server-side metadata setting.
+    # TODO(https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/4078): replace the "0" integer
+    # literal with proper use of the public API.
+    uncompressed_channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:%d' % self._port,
+        options=[('grpc.default_compression_algorithm', 0)])
+    multi_callable = compressed_channel.unary_unary(_UNARY_UNARY)
+    response = multi_callable(request, metadata=[
+      ('grpc-internal-encoding-request', 'gzip')])
+    self.assertEqual(request, response)
+
+  def testStreaming(self):
+    request = b'\x00' * 100
+
+    # TODO(https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/4078): replace the "1" integer
+    # literal with proper use of the public API.
+    compressed_channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:%d' % self._port,
+        options=[('grpc.default_compression_algorithm', 1)])
+    multi_callable = compressed_channel.stream_stream(_STREAM_STREAM)
+    call = multi_callable([request] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH)
+    for response in call:
+      self.assertEqual(request, response)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_credentials_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_credentials_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87af85a0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_credentials_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests of credentials."""
+
+import unittest
+
+import grpc
+
+
+class CredentialsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def test_call_credentials_composition(self):
+    first = grpc.access_token_call_credentials('abc')
+    second = grpc.access_token_call_credentials('def')
+    third = grpc.access_token_call_credentials('ghi')
+
+    first_and_second = grpc.composite_call_credentials(first, second)
+    first_second_and_third = grpc.composite_call_credentials(
+        first, second, third)
+    
+    self.assertIsInstance(first_and_second, grpc.CallCredentials)
+    self.assertIsInstance(first_second_and_third, grpc.CallCredentials)
+
+  def test_channel_credentials_composition(self):
+    first_call_credentials = grpc.access_token_call_credentials('abc')
+    second_call_credentials = grpc.access_token_call_credentials('def')
+    third_call_credentials = grpc.access_token_call_credentials('ghi')
+    channel_credentials = grpc.ssl_channel_credentials()
+
+    channel_and_first = grpc.composite_channel_credentials(
+        channel_credentials, first_call_credentials)
+    channel_first_and_second = grpc.composite_channel_credentials(
+        channel_credentials, first_call_credentials, second_call_credentials)
+    channel_first_second_and_third = grpc.composite_channel_credentials(
+        channel_credentials, first_call_credentials, second_call_credentials,
+        third_call_credentials)
+
+    self.assertIsInstance(channel_and_first, grpc.ChannelCredentials)
+    self.assertIsInstance(channel_first_and_second, grpc.ChannelCredentials)
+    self.assertIsInstance(
+        channel_first_second_and_third, grpc.ChannelCredentials)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/.gitignore b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/.gitignore
index c315029288..c315029288 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/.gitignore
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/.gitignore
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/__init__.py
index b89398809f..b89398809f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/_cancel_many_calls_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/_cancel_many_calls_test.py
index c1de779014..cf212c5653 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/_cancel_many_calls_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/_cancel_many_calls_test.py
@@ -81,11 +81,11 @@ class _Handler(object):
         self._state.condition.wait()
 
     with self._lock:
-      self._call.start_batch(
+      self._call.start_server_batch(
           cygrpc.Operations(
               (cygrpc.operation_receive_close_on_server(_EMPTY_FLAGS),)),
           _RECEIVE_CLOSE_ON_SERVER_TAG)
-      self._call.start_batch(
+      self._call.start_server_batch(
           cygrpc.Operations((cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),)),
           _RECEIVE_MESSAGE_TAG)
     first_event = self._completion_queue.poll()
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class _Handler(object):
                 _EMPTY_METADATA, cygrpc.StatusCode.ok, b'test details!',
                 _EMPTY_FLAGS),
         )
-        self._call.start_batch(
+        self._call.start_server_batch(
             cygrpc.Operations(operations), _SERVER_COMPLETE_CALL_TAG)
       self._completion_queue.poll()
       self._completion_queue.poll()
@@ -159,9 +159,9 @@ class CancelManyCallsTest(unittest.TestCase):
     server_completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
     server = cygrpc.Server()
     server.register_completion_queue(server_completion_queue)
-    port = server.add_http2_port('[::]:0')
+    port = server.add_http2_port(b'[::]:0')
     server.start()
-    channel = cygrpc.Channel('localhost:{}'.format(port))
+    channel = cygrpc.Channel('localhost:{}'.format(port).encode())
 
     state = _State()
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class CancelManyCallsTest(unittest.TestCase):
             cygrpc.operation_receive_status_on_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
         )
         tag = 'client_complete_call_{0:04d}_tag'.format(index)
-        client_call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), tag)
+        client_call.start_client_batch(cygrpc.Operations(operations), tag)
         client_due.add(tag)
         client_calls.append(client_call)
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/_channel_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/_channel_test.py
index 3dc7a246ae..f9c8a3ac62 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/_channel_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/_channel_test.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 
 
 def _channel_and_completion_queue():
-  channel = cygrpc.Channel('localhost:54321', cygrpc.ChannelArgs(()))
+  channel = cygrpc.Channel(b'localhost:54321', cygrpc.ChannelArgs(()))
   completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
   return channel, completion_queue
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/_read_some_but_not_all_responses_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/_read_some_but_not_all_responses_test.py
index 6ae7a90fbe..152d8edde3 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/_read_some_but_not_all_responses_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/_read_some_but_not_all_responses_test.py
@@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ class ReadSomeButNotAllResponsesTest(unittest.TestCase):
     server_completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
     server = cygrpc.Server()
     server.register_completion_queue(server_completion_queue)
-    port = server.add_http2_port('[::]:0')
+    port = server.add_http2_port(b'[::]:0')
     server.start()
-    channel = cygrpc.Channel('localhost:{}'.format(port))
+    channel = cygrpc.Channel('localhost:{}'.format(port).encode())
 
     server_shutdown_tag = 'server_shutdown_tag'
     server_driver = _ServerDriver(server_completion_queue, server_shutdown_tag)
@@ -168,12 +168,12 @@ class ReadSomeButNotAllResponsesTest(unittest.TestCase):
     client_complete_rpc_tag = 'client_complete_rpc_tag'
     with client_condition:
       client_receive_initial_metadata_start_batch_result = (
-          client_call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
+          client_call.start_client_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
               cygrpc.operation_receive_initial_metadata(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
           ]), client_receive_initial_metadata_tag))
       client_due.add(client_receive_initial_metadata_tag)
       client_complete_rpc_start_batch_result = (
-          client_call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
+          client_call.start_client_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
               cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(
                   _EMPTY_METADATA, _EMPTY_FLAGS),
               cygrpc.operation_send_close_from_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
@@ -185,30 +185,30 @@ class ReadSomeButNotAllResponsesTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     with server_call_condition:
       server_send_initial_metadata_start_batch_result = (
-          server_rpc_event.operation_call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
+          server_rpc_event.operation_call.start_server_batch([
               cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(
                   _EMPTY_METADATA, _EMPTY_FLAGS),
-          ]), server_send_initial_metadata_tag))
+          ], server_send_initial_metadata_tag))
       server_send_first_message_start_batch_result = (
-          server_rpc_event.operation_call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
+          server_rpc_event.operation_call.start_server_batch([
               cygrpc.operation_send_message(b'\x07', _EMPTY_FLAGS),
-          ]), server_send_first_message_tag))
+          ], server_send_first_message_tag))
     server_send_initial_metadata_event = server_call_driver.event_with_tag(
         server_send_initial_metadata_tag)
     server_send_first_message_event = server_call_driver.event_with_tag(
         server_send_first_message_tag)
     with server_call_condition:
       server_send_second_message_start_batch_result = (
-          server_rpc_event.operation_call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
+          server_rpc_event.operation_call.start_server_batch([
               cygrpc.operation_send_message(b'\x07', _EMPTY_FLAGS),
-          ]), server_send_second_message_tag))
+          ], server_send_second_message_tag))
       server_complete_rpc_start_batch_result = (
-          server_rpc_event.operation_call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
+          server_rpc_event.operation_call.start_server_batch([
               cygrpc.operation_receive_close_on_server(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
               cygrpc.operation_send_status_from_server(
                   cygrpc.Metadata(()), cygrpc.StatusCode.ok, b'test details',
                   _EMPTY_FLAGS),
-          ]), server_complete_rpc_tag))
+          ], server_complete_rpc_tag))
     server_send_second_message_event = server_call_driver.event_with_tag(
         server_send_second_message_tag)
     server_complete_rpc_event = server_call_driver.event_with_tag(
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class ReadSomeButNotAllResponsesTest(unittest.TestCase):
     with client_condition:
       client_receive_first_message_tag = 'client_receive_first_message_tag'
       client_receive_first_message_start_batch_result = (
-          client_call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
+          client_call.start_client_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
               cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
           ]), client_receive_first_message_tag))
       client_due.add(client_receive_first_message_tag)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/cygrpc_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/cygrpc_test.py
index 0a511101f0..f9a8e2401b 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_cython/cygrpc_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/cygrpc_test.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ from tests.unit import test_common
 from tests.unit import resources
 
 
-_SSL_HOST_OVERRIDE = 'foo.test.google.fr'
+_SSL_HOST_OVERRIDE = b'foo.test.google.fr'
 _CALL_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY = 'call-creds-key'
 _CALL_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE = 'call-creds-value'
 _EMPTY_FLAGS = 0
@@ -46,38 +46,38 @@ def _metadata_plugin_callback(context, callback):
   callback(cygrpc.Metadata(
       [cygrpc.Metadatum(_CALL_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY,
                         _CALL_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE)]),
-      cygrpc.StatusCode.ok, '')
+      cygrpc.StatusCode.ok, b'')
 
 
 class TypeSmokeTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
   def testStringsInUtilitiesUpDown(self):
     self.assertEqual(0, cygrpc.StatusCode.ok)
-    metadatum = cygrpc.Metadatum('a', 'b')
-    self.assertEqual('a'.encode(), metadatum.key)
-    self.assertEqual('b'.encode(), metadatum.value)
+    metadatum = cygrpc.Metadatum(b'a', b'b')
+    self.assertEqual(b'a', metadatum.key)
+    self.assertEqual(b'b', metadatum.value)
     metadata = cygrpc.Metadata([metadatum])
     self.assertEqual(1, len(metadata))
     self.assertEqual(metadatum.key, metadata[0].key)
 
   def testMetadataIteration(self):
     metadata = cygrpc.Metadata([
-        cygrpc.Metadatum('a', 'b'), cygrpc.Metadatum('c', 'd')])
+        cygrpc.Metadatum(b'a', b'b'), cygrpc.Metadatum(b'c', b'd')])
     iterator = iter(metadata)
     metadatum = next(iterator)
     self.assertIsInstance(metadatum, cygrpc.Metadatum)
-    self.assertEqual(metadatum.key, 'a'.encode())
-    self.assertEqual(metadatum.value, 'b'.encode())
+    self.assertEqual(metadatum.key, b'a')
+    self.assertEqual(metadatum.value, b'b')
     metadatum = next(iterator)
     self.assertIsInstance(metadatum, cygrpc.Metadatum)
-    self.assertEqual(metadatum.key, 'c'.encode())
-    self.assertEqual(metadatum.value, 'd'.encode())
+    self.assertEqual(metadatum.key, b'c')
+    self.assertEqual(metadatum.value, b'd')
     with self.assertRaises(StopIteration):
       next(iterator)
 
   def testOperationsIteration(self):
     operations = cygrpc.Operations([
-        cygrpc.operation_send_message('asdf', _EMPTY_FLAGS)])
+        cygrpc.operation_send_message(b'asdf', _EMPTY_FLAGS)])
     iterator = iter(operations)
     operation = next(iterator)
     self.assertIsInstance(operation, cygrpc.Operation)
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class TypeSmokeTest(unittest.TestCase):
       next(iterator)
 
   def testOperationFlags(self):
-    operation = cygrpc.operation_send_message('asdf',
+    operation = cygrpc.operation_send_message(b'asdf',
                                               cygrpc.WriteFlag.no_compress)
     self.assertEqual(cygrpc.WriteFlag.no_compress, operation.flags)
 
@@ -105,16 +105,16 @@ class TypeSmokeTest(unittest.TestCase):
     del server
 
   def testChannelUpDown(self):
-    channel = cygrpc.Channel('[::]:0', cygrpc.ChannelArgs([]))
+    channel = cygrpc.Channel(b'[::]:0', cygrpc.ChannelArgs([]))
     del channel
 
   def testCredentialsMetadataPluginUpDown(self):
     plugin = cygrpc.CredentialsMetadataPlugin(
-        lambda ignored_a, ignored_b: None, '')
+        lambda ignored_a, ignored_b: None, b'')
     del plugin
 
   def testCallCredentialsFromPluginUpDown(self):
-    plugin = cygrpc.CredentialsMetadataPlugin(_metadata_plugin_callback, '')
+    plugin = cygrpc.CredentialsMetadataPlugin(_metadata_plugin_callback, b'')
     call_credentials = cygrpc.call_credentials_metadata_plugin(plugin)
     del plugin
     del call_credentials
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class TypeSmokeTest(unittest.TestCase):
     server = cygrpc.Server()
     completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
     server.register_completion_queue(completion_queue)
-    port = server.add_http2_port('[::]:0')
+    port = server.add_http2_port(b'[::]:0')
     self.assertIsInstance(port, int)
     server.start()
     del server
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ class TypeSmokeTest(unittest.TestCase):
   def testServerStartShutdown(self):
     completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
     server = cygrpc.Server()
-    server.add_http2_port('[::]:0')
+    server.add_http2_port(b'[::]:0')
     server.register_completion_queue(completion_queue)
     server.start()
     shutdown_tag = object()
@@ -143,22 +143,61 @@ class TypeSmokeTest(unittest.TestCase):
     del completion_queue
 
 
-class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
+class ServerClientMixin(object):
 
-  def setUp(self):
+  def setUpMixin(self, server_credentials, client_credentials, host_override):
     self.server_completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
     self.server = cygrpc.Server()
     self.server.register_completion_queue(self.server_completion_queue)
-    self.port = self.server.add_http2_port('[::]:0')
+    if server_credentials:
+      self.port = self.server.add_http2_port(b'[::]:0', server_credentials)
+    else:
+      self.port = self.server.add_http2_port(b'[::]:0')
     self.server.start()
     self.client_completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
-    self.client_channel = cygrpc.Channel('localhost:{}'.format(self.port))
-
-  def tearDown(self):
+    if client_credentials:
+      client_channel_arguments = cygrpc.ChannelArgs([
+          cygrpc.ChannelArg(cygrpc.ChannelArgKey.ssl_target_name_override,
+                            host_override)])
+      self.client_channel = cygrpc.Channel(
+          'localhost:{}'.format(self.port).encode(), client_channel_arguments,
+          client_credentials)
+    else:
+      self.client_channel = cygrpc.Channel('localhost:{}'.format(self.port).encode())
+    if host_override:
+      self.host_argument = None  # default host
+      self.expected_host = host_override
+    else:
+      # arbitrary host name necessitating no further identification
+      self.host_argument = b'hostess'
+      self.expected_host = self.host_argument
+
+  def tearDownMixin(self):
     del self.server
     del self.client_completion_queue
     del self.server_completion_queue
 
+  def _perform_operations(self, operations, call, queue, deadline, description):
+    """Perform the list of operations with given call, queue, and deadline.
+
+    Invocation errors are reported with as an exception with `description` in
+    the message. Performs the operations asynchronously, returning a future.
+    """
+    def performer():
+      tag = object()
+      try:
+        call_result = call.start_client_batch(
+            cygrpc.Operations(operations), tag)
+        self.assertEqual(cygrpc.CallError.ok, call_result)
+        event = queue.poll(deadline)
+        self.assertEqual(cygrpc.CompletionType.operation_complete, event.type)
+        self.assertTrue(event.success)
+        self.assertIs(tag, event.tag)
+      except Exception as error:
+        raise Exception("Error in '{}': {}".format(description, error.message))
+      return event
+    return test_utilities.SimpleFuture(performer)
+
   def testEcho(self):
     DEADLINE = time.time()+5
     DEADLINE_TOLERANCE = 0.25
@@ -175,7 +214,6 @@ class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
     REQUEST = b'in death a member of project mayhem has a name'
     RESPONSE = b'his name is robert paulson'
     METHOD = b'twinkies'
-    HOST = b'hostess'
 
     cygrpc_deadline = cygrpc.Timespec(DEADLINE)
 
@@ -188,12 +226,13 @@ class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
     client_call_tag = object()
     client_call = self.client_channel.create_call(
-        None, 0, self.client_completion_queue, METHOD, HOST, cygrpc_deadline)
+        None, 0, self.client_completion_queue, METHOD, self.host_argument,
+        cygrpc_deadline)
     client_initial_metadata = cygrpc.Metadata([
         cygrpc.Metadatum(CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_KEY,
                          CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_VALUE),
         cygrpc.Metadatum(CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_KEY, CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_VALUE)])
-    client_start_batch_result = client_call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
+    client_start_batch_result = client_call.start_client_batch([
         cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(client_initial_metadata,
                                                _EMPTY_FLAGS),
         cygrpc.operation_send_message(REQUEST, _EMPTY_FLAGS),
@@ -201,7 +240,7 @@ class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
         cygrpc.operation_receive_initial_metadata(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
         cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
         cygrpc.operation_receive_status_on_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS)
-    ]), client_call_tag)
+    ], client_call_tag)
     self.assertEqual(cygrpc.CallError.ok, client_start_batch_result)
     client_event_future = test_utilities.CompletionQueuePollFuture(
         self.client_completion_queue, cygrpc_deadline)
@@ -216,7 +255,8 @@ class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
         test_common.metadata_transmitted(client_initial_metadata,
                                          request_event.request_metadata))
     self.assertEqual(METHOD, request_event.request_call_details.method)
-    self.assertEqual(HOST, request_event.request_call_details.host)
+    self.assertEqual(self.expected_host,
+                     request_event.request_call_details.host)
     self.assertLess(
         abs(DEADLINE - float(request_event.request_call_details.deadline)),
         DEADLINE_TOLERANCE)
@@ -229,7 +269,7 @@ class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
     server_trailing_metadata = cygrpc.Metadata([
         cygrpc.Metadatum(SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_KEY,
                          SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_VALUE)])
-    server_start_batch_result = server_call.start_batch([
+    server_start_batch_result = server_call.start_server_batch([
         cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(server_initial_metadata,
                                                _EMPTY_FLAGS),
         cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
@@ -241,8 +281,8 @@ class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
     ], server_call_tag)
     self.assertEqual(cygrpc.CallError.ok, server_start_batch_result)
 
-    client_event = client_event_future.result()
     server_event = self.server_completion_queue.poll(cygrpc_deadline)
+    client_event = client_event_future.result()
 
     self.assertEqual(6, len(client_event.batch_operations))
     found_client_op_types = set()
@@ -292,172 +332,101 @@ class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
     del client_call
     del server_call
 
-
-class SecureServerSecureClient(unittest.TestCase):
-
-  def setUp(self):
-    server_credentials = cygrpc.server_credentials_ssl(
-        None, [cygrpc.SslPemKeyCertPair(resources.private_key(),
-                                        resources.certificate_chain())], False)
-    channel_credentials = cygrpc.channel_credentials_ssl(
-        resources.test_root_certificates(), None)
-    self.server_completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
-    self.server = cygrpc.Server()
-    self.server.register_completion_queue(self.server_completion_queue)
-    self.port = self.server.add_http2_port('[::]:0', server_credentials)
-    self.server.start()
-    self.client_completion_queue = cygrpc.CompletionQueue()
-    client_channel_arguments = cygrpc.ChannelArgs([
-        cygrpc.ChannelArg(cygrpc.ChannelArgKey.ssl_target_name_override,
-                          _SSL_HOST_OVERRIDE)])
-    self.client_channel = cygrpc.Channel(
-        'localhost:{}'.format(self.port), client_channel_arguments,
-        channel_credentials)
-
-  def tearDown(self):
-    del self.server
-    del self.client_completion_queue
-    del self.server_completion_queue
-
-  def testEcho(self):
+  def test6522(self):
     DEADLINE = time.time()+5
     DEADLINE_TOLERANCE = 0.25
-    CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_KEY = b'key'
-    CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_VALUE = b'val'
-    CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_KEY = b'key-bin'
-    CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_VALUE = b'\0'*1000
-    SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA_KEY = b'init_me_me_me'
-    SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA_VALUE = b'whodawha?'
-    SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_KEY = b'california_is_in_a_drought'
-    SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_VALUE = b'zomg it is'
-    SERVER_STATUS_CODE = cygrpc.StatusCode.ok
-    SERVER_STATUS_DETAILS = b'our work is never over'
-    REQUEST = b'in death a member of project mayhem has a name'
-    RESPONSE = b'his name is robert paulson'
-    METHOD = b'/twinkies'
-    HOST = None  # Default host
+    METHOD = b'twinkies'
 
     cygrpc_deadline = cygrpc.Timespec(DEADLINE)
+    empty_metadata = cygrpc.Metadata([])
 
     server_request_tag = object()
-    request_call_result = self.server.request_call(
+    self.server.request_call(
         self.server_completion_queue, self.server_completion_queue,
         server_request_tag)
+    client_call = self.client_channel.create_call(
+        None, 0, self.client_completion_queue, METHOD, self.host_argument,
+        cygrpc_deadline)
 
-    self.assertEqual(cygrpc.CallError.ok, request_call_result)
+    # Prologue
+    def perform_client_operations(operations, description):
+      return self._perform_operations(
+          operations, client_call,
+          self.client_completion_queue, cygrpc_deadline, description)
 
-    plugin = cygrpc.CredentialsMetadataPlugin(_metadata_plugin_callback, '')
-    call_credentials = cygrpc.call_credentials_metadata_plugin(plugin)
-
-    client_call_tag = object()
-    client_call = self.client_channel.create_call(
-        None, 0, self.client_completion_queue, METHOD, HOST, cygrpc_deadline)
-    client_call.set_credentials(call_credentials)
-    client_initial_metadata = cygrpc.Metadata([
-        cygrpc.Metadatum(CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_KEY,
-                         CLIENT_METADATA_ASCII_VALUE),
-        cygrpc.Metadatum(CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_KEY, CLIENT_METADATA_BIN_VALUE)])
-    client_start_batch_result = client_call.start_batch(cygrpc.Operations([
-        cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(client_initial_metadata,
-                                               _EMPTY_FLAGS),
-        cygrpc.operation_send_message(REQUEST, _EMPTY_FLAGS),
-        cygrpc.operation_send_close_from_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
-        cygrpc.operation_receive_initial_metadata(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
-        cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
-        cygrpc.operation_receive_status_on_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS)
-    ]), client_call_tag)
-    self.assertEqual(cygrpc.CallError.ok, client_start_batch_result)
-    client_event_future = test_utilities.CompletionQueuePollFuture(
-        self.client_completion_queue, cygrpc_deadline)
+    client_event_future = perform_client_operations([
+            cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(empty_metadata,
+                                                   _EMPTY_FLAGS),
+            cygrpc.operation_receive_initial_metadata(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
+        ], "Client prologue")
 
     request_event = self.server_completion_queue.poll(cygrpc_deadline)
-    self.assertEqual(cygrpc.CompletionType.operation_complete,
-                      request_event.type)
-    self.assertIsInstance(request_event.operation_call, cygrpc.Call)
-    self.assertIs(server_request_tag, request_event.tag)
-    self.assertEqual(0, len(request_event.batch_operations))
-    client_metadata_with_credentials = list(client_initial_metadata) + [
-        (_CALL_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY, _CALL_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE)]
-    self.assertTrue(
-        test_common.metadata_transmitted(client_metadata_with_credentials,
-                                         request_event.request_metadata))
-    self.assertEqual(METHOD, request_event.request_call_details.method)
-    self.assertEqual(_SSL_HOST_OVERRIDE,
-                     request_event.request_call_details.host)
-    self.assertLess(
-        abs(DEADLINE - float(request_event.request_call_details.deadline)),
-        DEADLINE_TOLERANCE)
-
-    server_call_tag = object()
     server_call = request_event.operation_call
-    server_initial_metadata = cygrpc.Metadata([
-        cygrpc.Metadatum(SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA_KEY,
-                         SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA_VALUE)])
-    server_trailing_metadata = cygrpc.Metadata([
-        cygrpc.Metadatum(SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_KEY,
-                         SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA_VALUE)])
-    server_start_batch_result = server_call.start_batch([
-        cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(server_initial_metadata,
-                                               _EMPTY_FLAGS),
-        cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
-        cygrpc.operation_send_message(RESPONSE, _EMPTY_FLAGS),
-        cygrpc.operation_receive_close_on_server(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
-        cygrpc.operation_send_status_from_server(
-            server_trailing_metadata, SERVER_STATUS_CODE,
-            SERVER_STATUS_DETAILS, _EMPTY_FLAGS)
-    ], server_call_tag)
-    self.assertEqual(cygrpc.CallError.ok, server_start_batch_result)
 
-    client_event = client_event_future.result()
-    server_event = self.server_completion_queue.poll(cygrpc_deadline)
+    def perform_server_operations(operations, description):
+      return self._perform_operations(
+          operations, server_call,
+          self.server_completion_queue, cygrpc_deadline, description)
 
-    self.assertEqual(6, len(client_event.batch_operations))
-    found_client_op_types = set()
-    for client_result in client_event.batch_operations:
-      # we expect each op type to be unique
-      self.assertNotIn(client_result.type, found_client_op_types)
-      found_client_op_types.add(client_result.type)
-      if client_result.type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_initial_metadata:
-        self.assertTrue(
-            test_common.metadata_transmitted(server_initial_metadata,
-                                             client_result.received_metadata))
-      elif client_result.type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_message:
-        self.assertEqual(RESPONSE, client_result.received_message.bytes())
-      elif client_result.type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_status_on_client:
-        self.assertTrue(
-            test_common.metadata_transmitted(server_trailing_metadata,
-                                             client_result.received_metadata))
-        self.assertEqual(SERVER_STATUS_DETAILS,
-                         client_result.received_status_details)
-        self.assertEqual(SERVER_STATUS_CODE, client_result.received_status_code)
-    self.assertEqual(set([
-          cygrpc.OperationType.send_initial_metadata,
-          cygrpc.OperationType.send_message,
-          cygrpc.OperationType.send_close_from_client,
-          cygrpc.OperationType.receive_initial_metadata,
-          cygrpc.OperationType.receive_message,
-          cygrpc.OperationType.receive_status_on_client
-      ]), found_client_op_types)
+    server_event_future = perform_server_operations([
+            cygrpc.operation_send_initial_metadata(empty_metadata,
+                                                   _EMPTY_FLAGS),
+        ], "Server prologue")
 
-    self.assertEqual(5, len(server_event.batch_operations))
-    found_server_op_types = set()
-    for server_result in server_event.batch_operations:
-      self.assertNotIn(client_result.type, found_server_op_types)
-      found_server_op_types.add(server_result.type)
-      if server_result.type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_message:
-        self.assertEqual(REQUEST, server_result.received_message.bytes())
-      elif server_result.type == cygrpc.OperationType.receive_close_on_server:
-        self.assertFalse(server_result.received_cancelled)
-    self.assertEqual(set([
-          cygrpc.OperationType.send_initial_metadata,
-          cygrpc.OperationType.receive_message,
-          cygrpc.OperationType.send_message,
-          cygrpc.OperationType.receive_close_on_server,
-          cygrpc.OperationType.send_status_from_server
-      ]), found_server_op_types)
+    client_event_future.result()  # force completion
+    server_event_future.result()
 
-    del client_call
-    del server_call
+    # Messaging
+    for _ in range(10):
+      client_event_future = perform_client_operations([
+              cygrpc.operation_send_message(b'', _EMPTY_FLAGS),
+              cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
+          ], "Client message")
+      server_event_future = perform_server_operations([
+              cygrpc.operation_send_message(b'', _EMPTY_FLAGS),
+              cygrpc.operation_receive_message(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
+          ], "Server receive")
+
+      client_event_future.result()  # force completion
+      server_event_future.result()
+
+    # Epilogue
+    client_event_future = perform_client_operations([
+            cygrpc.operation_send_close_from_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
+            cygrpc.operation_receive_status_on_client(_EMPTY_FLAGS)
+        ], "Client epilogue")
+
+    server_event_future = perform_server_operations([
+            cygrpc.operation_receive_close_on_server(_EMPTY_FLAGS),
+            cygrpc.operation_send_status_from_server(
+                empty_metadata, cygrpc.StatusCode.ok, b'', _EMPTY_FLAGS)
+        ], "Server epilogue")
+
+    client_event_future.result()  # force completion
+    server_event_future.result()
+
+
+class InsecureServerInsecureClient(unittest.TestCase, ServerClientMixin):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self.setUpMixin(None, None, None)
+
+  def tearDown(self):
+    self.tearDownMixin()
+
+
+class SecureServerSecureClient(unittest.TestCase, ServerClientMixin):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    server_credentials = cygrpc.server_credentials_ssl(
+        None, [cygrpc.SslPemKeyCertPair(resources.private_key(),
+                                        resources.certificate_chain())], False)
+    client_credentials = cygrpc.channel_credentials_ssl(
+        resources.test_root_certificates(), None)
+    self.setUpMixin(server_credentials, client_credentials, _SSL_HOST_OVERRIDE)
+
+  def tearDown(self):
+    self.tearDownMixin()
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/foundation/activated.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/test_utilities.py
index 8b8e4f45b5..6280ce74c4 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/framework/foundation/activated.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_cython/test_utilities.py
@@ -27,39 +27,40 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-"""Interfaces related to streams of values or objects."""
+import threading
 
-import abc
+from grpc._cython import cygrpc
 
-import six
 
-class Activated(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)):
-  """Interface for objects that may be started and stopped.
+class SimpleFuture(object):
+  """A simple future mechanism."""
 
-  Values implementing this type must also implement the context manager
-  protocol.
-  """
+  def __init__(self, function, *args, **kwargs):
+    def wrapped_function():
+      try:
+        self._result = function(*args, **kwargs)
+      except Exception as error:
+        self._error = error
+    self._result = None
+    self._error = None
+    self._thread = threading.Thread(target=wrapped_function)
+    self._thread.start()
 
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def __enter__(self):
-    """See the context manager protocol for specification."""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
+  def result(self):
+    """The resulting value of this future.
 
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
-    """See the context manager protocol for specification."""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
+    Re-raises any exceptions.
+    """
+    self._thread.join()
+    if self._error:
+      # TODO(atash): re-raise exceptions in a way that preserves tracebacks
+      raise self._error
+    return self._result
 
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def start(self):
-    """Activates this object.
 
-    Returns:
-      A value equal to the value returned by this object's __enter__ method.
-    """
-    raise NotImplementedError()
+class CompletionQueuePollFuture(SimpleFuture):
+
+  def __init__(self, completion_queue, deadline):
+    super(CompletionQueuePollFuture, self).__init__(
+        lambda: completion_queue.poll(deadline))
 
-  @abc.abstractmethod
-  def stop(self):
-    """Deactivates this object."""
-    raise NotImplementedError()
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_empty_message_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_empty_message_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..131f6e9452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_empty_message_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import unittest
+
+import grpc
+from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
+
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+
+_REQUEST = b''
+_RESPONSE = b''
+
+_UNARY_UNARY = '/test/UnaryUnary'
+_UNARY_STREAM = '/test/UnaryStream'
+_STREAM_UNARY = '/test/StreamUnary'
+_STREAM_STREAM = '/test/StreamStream'
+
+
+def handle_unary_unary(request, servicer_context):
+  return _RESPONSE
+
+
+def handle_unary_stream(request, servicer_context):
+  for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH):
+    yield _RESPONSE
+
+
+def handle_stream_unary(request_iterator, servicer_context):
+  for request in request_iterator:
+    pass
+  return _RESPONSE
+
+
+def handle_stream_stream(request_iterator, servicer_context):
+  for request in request_iterator:
+    yield _RESPONSE
+
+
+class _MethodHandler(grpc.RpcMethodHandler):
+
+  def __init__(self, request_streaming, response_streaming):
+    self.request_streaming = request_streaming
+    self.response_streaming = response_streaming
+    self.request_deserializer = None
+    self.response_serializer = None
+    self.unary_unary = None
+    self.unary_stream = None
+    self.stream_unary = None
+    self.stream_stream = None
+    if self.request_streaming and self.response_streaming:
+      self.stream_stream = handle_stream_stream
+    elif self.request_streaming:
+      self.stream_unary = handle_stream_unary
+    elif self.response_streaming:
+      self.unary_stream = handle_unary_stream
+    else:
+      self.unary_unary = handle_unary_unary
+
+
+class _GenericHandler(grpc.GenericRpcHandler):
+
+  def service(self, handler_call_details):
+    if handler_call_details.method == _UNARY_UNARY:
+      return _MethodHandler(False, False)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == _UNARY_STREAM:
+      return _MethodHandler(False, True)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == _STREAM_UNARY:
+      return _MethodHandler(True, False)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == _STREAM_STREAM:
+      return _MethodHandler(True, True)
+    else:
+      return None
+
+
+class EmptyMessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self._server_pool = logging_pool.pool(test_constants.THREAD_CONCURRENCY)
+    self._server = grpc.server(
+        self._server_pool, handlers=(_GenericHandler(),))
+    port = self._server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
+    self._server.start()
+    self._channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:%d' % port)
+
+  def tearDown(self):
+    self._server.stop(0)
+
+  def testUnaryUnary(self):
+    response = self._channel.unary_unary(_UNARY_UNARY)(_REQUEST)
+    self.assertEqual(_RESPONSE, response)
+
+  def testUnaryStream(self):
+    response_iterator = self._channel.unary_stream(_UNARY_STREAM)(_REQUEST)
+    self.assertSequenceEqual(
+        [_RESPONSE] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH, list(response_iterator))
+
+  def testStreamUnary(self):
+    response = self._channel.stream_unary(_STREAM_UNARY)(
+        [_REQUEST] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH)
+    self.assertEqual(_RESPONSE, response)
+
+  def testStreamStream(self):
+    response_iterator = self._channel.stream_stream(_STREAM_STREAM)(
+        [_REQUEST] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH)
+    self.assertSequenceEqual(
+        [_RESPONSE] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH, list(response_iterator))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
+
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_exit_scenarios.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_exit_scenarios.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b33802bf57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_exit_scenarios.py
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Defines a number of module-scope gRPC scenarios to test clean exit."""
+
+import argparse
+import threading
+import time
+
+import grpc
+
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+
+WAIT_TIME = 1000
+
+REQUEST = b'request'
+
+UNSTARTED_SERVER = 'unstarted_server'
+RUNNING_SERVER = 'running_server'
+POLL_CONNECTIVITY_NO_SERVER = 'poll_connectivity_no_server'
+POLL_CONNECTIVITY = 'poll_connectivity'
+IN_FLIGHT_UNARY_UNARY_CALL = 'in_flight_unary_unary_call'
+IN_FLIGHT_UNARY_STREAM_CALL = 'in_flight_unary_stream_call'
+IN_FLIGHT_STREAM_UNARY_CALL = 'in_flight_stream_unary_call'
+IN_FLIGHT_STREAM_STREAM_CALL = 'in_flight_stream_stream_call'
+IN_FLIGHT_PARTIAL_UNARY_STREAM_CALL = 'in_flight_partial_unary_stream_call'
+IN_FLIGHT_PARTIAL_STREAM_UNARY_CALL = 'in_flight_partial_stream_unary_call'
+IN_FLIGHT_PARTIAL_STREAM_STREAM_CALL = 'in_flight_partial_stream_stream_call'
+
+UNARY_UNARY = b'/test/UnaryUnary'
+UNARY_STREAM = b'/test/UnaryStream'
+STREAM_UNARY = b'/test/StreamUnary'
+STREAM_STREAM = b'/test/StreamStream'
+PARTIAL_UNARY_STREAM = b'/test/PartialUnaryStream'
+PARTIAL_STREAM_UNARY = b'/test/PartialStreamUnary'
+PARTIAL_STREAM_STREAM = b'/test/PartialStreamStream'
+
+TEST_TO_METHOD = {
+    IN_FLIGHT_UNARY_UNARY_CALL: UNARY_UNARY,
+    IN_FLIGHT_UNARY_STREAM_CALL: UNARY_STREAM,
+    IN_FLIGHT_STREAM_UNARY_CALL: STREAM_UNARY,
+    IN_FLIGHT_STREAM_STREAM_CALL: STREAM_STREAM,
+    IN_FLIGHT_PARTIAL_UNARY_STREAM_CALL: PARTIAL_UNARY_STREAM,
+    IN_FLIGHT_PARTIAL_STREAM_UNARY_CALL: PARTIAL_STREAM_UNARY,
+    IN_FLIGHT_PARTIAL_STREAM_STREAM_CALL: PARTIAL_STREAM_STREAM,
+}
+
+
+def hang_unary_unary(request, servicer_context):
+  time.sleep(WAIT_TIME)
+
+
+def hang_unary_stream(request, servicer_context):
+  time.sleep(WAIT_TIME)
+
+
+def hang_partial_unary_stream(request, servicer_context):
+  for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH // 2):
+    yield request
+  time.sleep(WAIT_TIME)
+
+
+def hang_stream_unary(request_iterator, servicer_context):
+  time.sleep(WAIT_TIME)
+
+
+def hang_partial_stream_unary(request_iterator, servicer_context):
+  for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH // 2):
+    next(request_iterator)
+  time.sleep(WAIT_TIME)
+
+
+def hang_stream_stream(request_iterator, servicer_context):
+  time.sleep(WAIT_TIME)
+
+
+def hang_partial_stream_stream(request_iterator, servicer_context):
+  for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH // 2):
+    yield next(request_iterator)
+  time.sleep(WAIT_TIME)
+
+
+class MethodHandler(grpc.RpcMethodHandler):
+
+  def __init__(self, request_streaming, response_streaming, partial_hang):
+    self.request_streaming = request_streaming
+    self.response_streaming = response_streaming
+    self.request_deserializer = None
+    self.response_serializer = None
+    self.unary_unary = None
+    self.unary_stream = None
+    self.stream_unary = None
+    self.stream_stream = None
+    if self.request_streaming and self.response_streaming:
+      if partial_hang:
+        self.stream_stream = hang_partial_stream_stream
+      else:
+        self.stream_stream = hang_stream_stream
+    elif self.request_streaming:
+      if partial_hang:
+        self.stream_unary = hang_partial_stream_unary
+      else:
+        self.stream_unary = hang_stream_unary
+    elif self.response_streaming:
+      if partial_hang:
+        self.unary_stream = hang_partial_unary_stream
+      else:
+        self.unary_stream = hang_unary_stream
+    else:
+      self.unary_unary = hang_unary_unary
+
+
+class GenericHandler(grpc.GenericRpcHandler):
+
+  def service(self, handler_call_details):
+    if handler_call_details.method == UNARY_UNARY:
+      return MethodHandler(False, False, False)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == UNARY_STREAM:
+      return MethodHandler(False, True, False)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == STREAM_UNARY:
+      return MethodHandler(True, False, False)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == STREAM_STREAM:
+      return MethodHandler(True, True, False)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == PARTIAL_UNARY_STREAM:
+      return MethodHandler(False, True, True)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == PARTIAL_STREAM_UNARY:
+      return MethodHandler(True, False, True)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == PARTIAL_STREAM_STREAM:
+      return MethodHandler(True, True, True)
+    else:
+      return None
+
+
+# Traditional executors will not exit until all their
+# current jobs complete.  Because we submit jobs that will
+# never finish, we don't want to block exit on these jobs.
+class DaemonPool(object):
+
+  def submit(self, fn, *args, **kwargs):
+    thread = threading.Thread(target=fn, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
+    thread.daemon = True
+    thread.start()
+
+  def shutdown(self, wait=True):
+    pass
+
+
+def infinite_request_iterator():
+  while True:
+    yield REQUEST
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+  parser.add_argument('scenario', type=str)
+  parser.add_argument(
+      '--wait_for_interrupt', dest='wait_for_interrupt', action='store_true')
+  args = parser.parse_args()
+
+  if args.scenario == UNSTARTED_SERVER:
+    server = grpc.server(DaemonPool())
+    if args.wait_for_interrupt:
+      time.sleep(WAIT_TIME)
+  elif args.scenario == RUNNING_SERVER:
+    server = grpc.server(DaemonPool())
+    port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
+    server.start()
+    if args.wait_for_interrupt:
+      time.sleep(WAIT_TIME)
+  elif args.scenario == POLL_CONNECTIVITY_NO_SERVER:
+    channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:12345')
+
+    def connectivity_callback(connectivity):
+      pass
+
+    channel.subscribe(connectivity_callback, try_to_connect=True)
+    if args.wait_for_interrupt:
+      time.sleep(WAIT_TIME)
+  elif args.scenario == POLL_CONNECTIVITY:
+    server = grpc.server(DaemonPool())
+    port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
+    server.start()
+    channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:%d' % port)
+
+    def connectivity_callback(connectivity):
+      pass
+
+    channel.subscribe(connectivity_callback, try_to_connect=True)
+    if args.wait_for_interrupt:
+      time.sleep(WAIT_TIME)
+
+  else:
+    handler = GenericHandler()
+    server = grpc.server(DaemonPool())
+    port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
+    server.add_generic_rpc_handlers((handler,))
+    server.start()
+    channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:%d' % port)
+
+    method = TEST_TO_METHOD[args.scenario]
+
+    if args.scenario == IN_FLIGHT_UNARY_UNARY_CALL:
+      multi_callable = channel.unary_unary(method)
+      future = multi_callable.future(REQUEST)
+      result, call = multi_callable.with_call(REQUEST)
+    elif (args.scenario == IN_FLIGHT_UNARY_STREAM_CALL or
+          args.scenario == IN_FLIGHT_PARTIAL_UNARY_STREAM_CALL):
+      multi_callable = channel.unary_stream(method)
+      response_iterator = multi_callable(REQUEST)
+      for response in response_iterator:
+        pass
+    elif (args.scenario == IN_FLIGHT_STREAM_UNARY_CALL or
+          args.scenario == IN_FLIGHT_PARTIAL_STREAM_UNARY_CALL):
+      multi_callable = channel.stream_unary(method)
+      future = multi_callable.future(infinite_request_iterator())
+      result, call = multi_callable.with_call(
+          [REQUEST] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH)
+    elif (args.scenario == IN_FLIGHT_STREAM_STREAM_CALL or
+          args.scenario == IN_FLIGHT_PARTIAL_STREAM_STREAM_CALL):
+      multi_callable = channel.stream_stream(method)
+      response_iterator = multi_callable(infinite_request_iterator())
+      for response in response_iterator:
+        pass
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_exit_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_exit_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a4a32887c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_exit_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests clean exit of server/client on Python Interpreter exit/sigint.
+
+The tests in this module spawn a subprocess for each test case, the
+test is considered successful if it doesn't hang/timeout.
+"""
+
+import atexit
+import os
+import signal
+import six
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+import unittest
+
+from tests.unit import _exit_scenarios
+
+SCENARIO_FILE = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(
+    os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), '_exit_scenarios.py'))
+INTERPRETER = sys.executable
+BASE_COMMAND = [INTERPRETER, SCENARIO_FILE]
+BASE_SIGTERM_COMMAND = BASE_COMMAND + ['--wait_for_interrupt']
+
+INIT_TIME = 1.0
+
+
+processes = []
+process_lock = threading.Lock()
+
+
+# Make sure we attempt to clean up any
+# processes we may have left running
+def cleanup_processes():
+  with process_lock:
+    for process in processes:
+      try:
+        process.kill()
+      except Exception:
+        pass
+atexit.register(cleanup_processes)
+
+
+def interrupt_and_wait(process):
+  with process_lock:
+    processes.append(process)
+  time.sleep(INIT_TIME)
+  os.kill(process.pid, signal.SIGINT)
+  process.wait()
+
+
+def wait(process):
+  with process_lock:
+    processes.append(process)
+  process.wait()
+
+
+@unittest.skip('https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/7311')
+class ExitTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def test_unstarted_server(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.UNSTARTED_SERVER],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    wait(process)
+
+  def test_unstarted_server_terminate(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_SIGTERM_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.UNSTARTED_SERVER],
+        stdout=sys.stdout)
+    interrupt_and_wait(process)
+
+  def test_running_server(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.RUNNING_SERVER],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    wait(process)
+
+  def test_running_server_terminate(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_SIGTERM_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.RUNNING_SERVER],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    interrupt_and_wait(process)
+
+  def test_poll_connectivity_no_server(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.POLL_CONNECTIVITY_NO_SERVER],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    wait(process)
+
+  def test_poll_connectivity_no_server_terminate(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_SIGTERM_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.POLL_CONNECTIVITY_NO_SERVER],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    interrupt_and_wait(process)
+
+  def test_poll_connectivity(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.POLL_CONNECTIVITY],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    wait(process)
+
+  def test_poll_connectivity_terminate(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_SIGTERM_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.POLL_CONNECTIVITY],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    interrupt_and_wait(process)
+
+  def test_in_flight_unary_unary_call(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.IN_FLIGHT_UNARY_UNARY_CALL],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    interrupt_and_wait(process)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(six.PY2, 'https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/6999')
+  def test_in_flight_unary_stream_call(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.IN_FLIGHT_UNARY_STREAM_CALL],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    interrupt_and_wait(process)
+
+  def test_in_flight_stream_unary_call(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.IN_FLIGHT_STREAM_UNARY_CALL],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    interrupt_and_wait(process)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(six.PY2, 'https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/6999')
+  def test_in_flight_stream_stream_call(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.IN_FLIGHT_STREAM_STREAM_CALL],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    interrupt_and_wait(process)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(six.PY2, 'https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/6999')
+  def test_in_flight_partial_unary_stream_call(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.IN_FLIGHT_PARTIAL_UNARY_STREAM_CALL],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    interrupt_and_wait(process)
+
+  def test_in_flight_partial_stream_unary_call(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.IN_FLIGHT_PARTIAL_STREAM_UNARY_CALL],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    interrupt_and_wait(process)
+
+  @unittest.skipIf(six.PY2, 'https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/6999')
+  def test_in_flight_partial_stream_stream_call(self):
+    process = subprocess.Popen(
+        BASE_COMMAND + [_exit_scenarios.IN_FLIGHT_PARTIAL_STREAM_STREAM_CALL],
+        stdout=sys.stdout, stderr=sys.stderr)
+    interrupt_and_wait(process)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_from_grpc_import_star.py
index 7086519106..78d2fb7dc5 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/links/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_from_grpc_import_star.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
 # All rights reserved.
 #
 # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
@@ -27,4 +27,12 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
+_BEFORE_IMPORT = tuple(globals())
 
+from grpc import *
+
+_AFTER_IMPORT = tuple(globals())
+
+GRPC_ELEMENTS = tuple(
+    element for element in _AFTER_IMPORT
+    if element not in _BEFORE_IMPORT and element != '_BEFORE_IMPORT')
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/stock_pb2.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/stock_pb2.py
index eef18f82d6..eef18f82d6 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/stock_pb2.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_junkdrawer/stock_pb2.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_metadata_code_details_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_metadata_code_details_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fb3e547781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_metadata_code_details_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""Tests application-provided metadata, status code, and details."""
+
+import threading
+import unittest
+
+import grpc
+from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
+
+from tests.unit import test_common
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_control
+
+_SERIALIZED_REQUEST = b'\x46\x47\x48'
+_SERIALIZED_RESPONSE = b'\x49\x50\x51'
+
+_REQUEST_SERIALIZER = lambda unused_request: _SERIALIZED_REQUEST
+_REQUEST_DESERIALIZER = lambda unused_serialized_request: object()
+_RESPONSE_SERIALIZER = lambda unused_response: _SERIALIZED_RESPONSE
+_RESPONSE_DESERIALIZER = lambda unused_serialized_resopnse: object()
+
+_SERVICE = 'test.TestService'
+_UNARY_UNARY = 'UnaryUnary'
+_UNARY_STREAM = 'UnaryStream'
+_STREAM_UNARY = 'StreamUnary'
+_STREAM_STREAM = 'StreamStream'
+
+_CLIENT_METADATA = (
+    ('client-md-key', 'client-md-key'),
+    ('client-md-key-bin', b'\x00\x01')
+)
+
+_SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA = (
+    ('server-initial-md-key', 'server-initial-md-value'),
+    ('server-initial-md-key-bin', b'\x00\x02')
+)
+
+_SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA = (
+    ('server-trailing-md-key', 'server-trailing-md-value'),
+    ('server-trailing-md-key-bin', b'\x00\x03')
+)
+
+_NON_OK_CODE = grpc.StatusCode.NOT_FOUND
+_DETAILS = 'Test details!'
+
+
+class _Servicer(object):
+
+  def __init__(self):
+    self._lock = threading.Lock()
+    self._code = None
+    self._details = None
+    self._exception = False
+    self._return_none = False
+    self._received_client_metadata = None
+
+  def unary_unary(self, request, context):
+    with self._lock:
+      self._received_client_metadata = context.invocation_metadata()
+      context.send_initial_metadata(_SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA)
+      context.set_trailing_metadata(_SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA)
+      if self._code is not None:
+        context.set_code(self._code)
+      if self._details is not None:
+        context.set_details(self._details)
+      if self._exception:
+        raise test_control.Defect()
+      else:
+        return None if self._return_none else object()
+
+  def unary_stream(self, request, context):
+    with self._lock:
+      self._received_client_metadata = context.invocation_metadata()
+      context.send_initial_metadata(_SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA)
+      context.set_trailing_metadata(_SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA)
+      if self._code is not None:
+        context.set_code(self._code)
+      if self._details is not None:
+        context.set_details(self._details)
+      for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH // 2):
+        yield _SERIALIZED_RESPONSE
+      if self._exception:
+        raise test_control.Defect()
+
+  def stream_unary(self, request_iterator, context):
+    with self._lock:
+      self._received_client_metadata = context.invocation_metadata()
+      context.send_initial_metadata(_SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA)
+      context.set_trailing_metadata(_SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA)
+      if self._code is not None:
+        context.set_code(self._code)
+      if self._details is not None:
+        context.set_details(self._details)
+      # TODO(https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/6891): just ignore the
+      # request iterator.
+      for ignored_request in request_iterator:
+        pass
+      if self._exception:
+        raise test_control.Defect()
+      else:
+        return None if self._return_none else _SERIALIZED_RESPONSE
+
+  def stream_stream(self, request_iterator, context):
+    with self._lock:
+      self._received_client_metadata = context.invocation_metadata()
+      context.send_initial_metadata(_SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA)
+      context.set_trailing_metadata(_SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA)
+      if self._code is not None:
+        context.set_code(self._code)
+      if self._details is not None:
+        context.set_details(self._details)
+      # TODO(https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/6891): just ignore the
+      # request iterator.
+      for ignored_request in request_iterator:
+        pass
+      for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH // 3):
+        yield object()
+      if self._exception:
+        raise test_control.Defect()
+
+  def set_code(self, code):
+    with self._lock:
+      self._code = code
+
+  def set_details(self, details):
+    with self._lock:
+      self._details = details
+
+  def set_exception(self):
+    with self._lock:
+      self._exception = True
+
+  def set_return_none(self):
+    with self._lock:
+      self._return_none = True
+
+  def received_client_metadata(self):
+    with self._lock:
+      return self._received_client_metadata
+
+
+def _generic_handler(servicer):
+  method_handlers = {
+      _UNARY_UNARY: grpc.unary_unary_rpc_method_handler(
+          servicer.unary_unary, request_deserializer=_REQUEST_DESERIALIZER,
+          response_serializer=_RESPONSE_SERIALIZER),
+      _UNARY_STREAM: grpc.unary_stream_rpc_method_handler(
+          servicer.unary_stream),
+      _STREAM_UNARY: grpc.stream_unary_rpc_method_handler(
+          servicer.stream_unary),
+      _STREAM_STREAM: grpc.stream_stream_rpc_method_handler(
+          servicer.stream_stream, request_deserializer=_REQUEST_DESERIALIZER,
+          response_serializer=_RESPONSE_SERIALIZER),
+  }
+  return grpc.method_handlers_generic_handler(_SERVICE, method_handlers)
+
+
+class MetadataCodeDetailsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self._servicer = _Servicer()
+    self._server_pool = logging_pool.pool(test_constants.THREAD_CONCURRENCY)
+    self._server = grpc.server(
+        self._server_pool, handlers=(_generic_handler(self._servicer),))
+    port = self._server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
+    self._server.start()
+
+    channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:{}'.format(port))
+    self._unary_unary = channel.unary_unary(
+        '/'.join(('', _SERVICE, _UNARY_UNARY,)),
+        request_serializer=_REQUEST_SERIALIZER,
+        response_deserializer=_RESPONSE_DESERIALIZER,)
+    self._unary_stream = channel.unary_stream(
+        '/'.join(('', _SERVICE, _UNARY_STREAM,)),)
+    self._stream_unary = channel.stream_unary(
+        '/'.join(('', _SERVICE, _STREAM_UNARY,)),)
+    self._stream_stream = channel.stream_stream(
+        '/'.join(('', _SERVICE, _STREAM_STREAM,)),
+        request_serializer=_REQUEST_SERIALIZER,
+        response_deserializer=_RESPONSE_DESERIALIZER,)
+
+
+  def testSuccessfulUnaryUnary(self):
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+
+    unused_response, call = self._unary_unary.with_call(
+        object(), metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA, call.initial_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA, call.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.OK, call.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, call.details())
+
+  def testSuccessfulUnaryStream(self):
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+
+    call = self._unary_stream(_SERIALIZED_REQUEST, metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+    received_initial_metadata = call.initial_metadata()
+    for _ in call:
+      pass
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA, received_initial_metadata))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA, call.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.OK, call.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, call.details())
+
+  def testSuccessfulStreamUnary(self):
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+
+    unused_response, call = self._stream_unary.with_call(
+        iter([_SERIALIZED_REQUEST] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH),
+        metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA, call.initial_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA, call.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.OK, call.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, call.details())
+
+  def testSuccessfulStreamStream(self):
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+
+    call = self._stream_stream(
+        iter([object()] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH),
+        metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+    received_initial_metadata = call.initial_metadata()
+    for _ in call:
+      pass
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA, received_initial_metadata))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA, call.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.OK, call.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, call.details())
+
+  def testCustomCodeUnaryUnary(self):
+    self._servicer.set_code(_NON_OK_CODE)
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+      self._unary_unary.with_call(object(), metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA,
+            exception_context.exception.initial_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA,
+            exception_context.exception.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(_NON_OK_CODE, exception_context.exception.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, exception_context.exception.details())
+
+  def testCustomCodeUnaryStream(self):
+    self._servicer.set_code(_NON_OK_CODE)
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+
+    call = self._unary_stream(_SERIALIZED_REQUEST, metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+    received_initial_metadata = call.initial_metadata()
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError):
+      for _ in call:
+        pass
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA, received_initial_metadata))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA, call.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(_NON_OK_CODE, call.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, call.details())
+
+  def testCustomCodeStreamUnary(self):
+    self._servicer.set_code(_NON_OK_CODE)
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+      self._stream_unary.with_call(
+          iter([_SERIALIZED_REQUEST] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH),
+          metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+          _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+          _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA,
+          exception_context.exception.initial_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+          _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA,
+          exception_context.exception.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(_NON_OK_CODE, exception_context.exception.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, exception_context.exception.details())
+
+  def testCustomCodeStreamStream(self):
+    self._servicer.set_code(_NON_OK_CODE)
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+
+    call = self._stream_stream(
+        iter([object()] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH),
+        metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+    received_initial_metadata = call.initial_metadata()
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+      for _ in call:
+        pass
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+          _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA, received_initial_metadata))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA,
+            exception_context.exception.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(_NON_OK_CODE, exception_context.exception.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, exception_context.exception.details())
+
+  def testCustomCodeExceptionUnaryUnary(self):
+    self._servicer.set_code(_NON_OK_CODE)
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+    self._servicer.set_exception()
+
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+     self._unary_unary.with_call(object(), metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA,
+            exception_context.exception.initial_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA,
+            exception_context.exception.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(_NON_OK_CODE, exception_context.exception.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, exception_context.exception.details())
+
+  def testCustomCodeExceptionUnaryStream(self):
+    self._servicer.set_code(_NON_OK_CODE)
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+    self._servicer.set_exception()
+
+    call = self._unary_stream(_SERIALIZED_REQUEST, metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+    received_initial_metadata = call.initial_metadata()
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError):
+      for _ in call:
+        pass
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA, received_initial_metadata))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA, call.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(_NON_OK_CODE, call.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, call.details())
+
+  def testCustomCodeExceptionStreamUnary(self):
+    self._servicer.set_code(_NON_OK_CODE)
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+    self._servicer.set_exception()
+
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+      self._stream_unary.with_call(
+          iter([_SERIALIZED_REQUEST] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH),
+          metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA,
+            exception_context.exception.initial_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA,
+            exception_context.exception.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(_NON_OK_CODE, exception_context.exception.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, exception_context.exception.details())
+
+  def testCustomCodeExceptionStreamStream(self):
+    self._servicer.set_code(_NON_OK_CODE)
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+    self._servicer.set_exception()
+
+    call = self._stream_stream(
+        iter([object()] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH),
+        metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+    received_initial_metadata = call.initial_metadata()
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError):
+      for _ in call:
+        pass
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA, received_initial_metadata))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA, call.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(_NON_OK_CODE, call.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, call.details())
+
+  def testCustomCodeReturnNoneUnaryUnary(self):
+    self._servicer.set_code(_NON_OK_CODE)
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+    self._servicer.set_return_none()
+
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+      self._unary_unary.with_call(object(), metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA,
+            exception_context.exception.initial_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA,
+            exception_context.exception.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(_NON_OK_CODE, exception_context.exception.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, exception_context.exception.details())
+
+  def testCustomCodeReturnNoneStreamUnary(self):
+    self._servicer.set_code(_NON_OK_CODE)
+    self._servicer.set_details(_DETAILS)
+    self._servicer.set_return_none()
+
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
+      self._stream_unary.with_call(
+          iter([_SERIALIZED_REQUEST] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH),
+          metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _CLIENT_METADATA, self._servicer.received_client_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA,
+            exception_context.exception.initial_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(
+        test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+            _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA,
+            exception_context.exception.trailing_metadata()))
+    self.assertIs(_NON_OK_CODE, exception_context.exception.code())
+    self.assertEqual(_DETAILS, exception_context.exception.details())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_metadata_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_metadata_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da73476929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_metadata_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+"""Tests server and client side metadata API."""
+
+import unittest
+import weakref
+
+import grpc
+from grpc import _grpcio_metadata
+from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
+
+from tests.unit import test_common
+from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
+
+_CHANNEL_ARGS = (('grpc.primary_user_agent', 'primary-agent'),
+                 ('grpc.secondary_user_agent', 'secondary-agent'))
+
+_REQUEST = b'\x00\x00\x00'
+_RESPONSE = b'\x00\x00\x00'
+
+_UNARY_UNARY = '/test/UnaryUnary'
+_UNARY_STREAM = '/test/UnaryStream'
+_STREAM_UNARY = '/test/StreamUnary'
+_STREAM_STREAM = '/test/StreamStream'
+
+_USER_AGENT = 'Python-gRPC-{}'.format(_grpcio_metadata.__version__)
+
+_CLIENT_METADATA = (
+    ('client-md-key', 'client-md-key'),
+    ('client-md-key-bin', b'\x00\x01')
+)
+
+_SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA = (
+    ('server-initial-md-key', 'server-initial-md-value'),
+    ('server-initial-md-key-bin', b'\x00\x02')
+)
+
+_SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA = (
+    ('server-trailing-md-key', 'server-trailing-md-value'),
+    ('server-trailing-md-key-bin', b'\x00\x03')
+)
+
+
+def user_agent(metadata):
+  for key, val in metadata:
+    if key == 'user-agent':
+      return val
+  raise KeyError('No user agent!')
+
+
+def validate_client_metadata(test, servicer_context):
+  test.assertTrue(test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+      _CLIENT_METADATA, servicer_context.invocation_metadata()))
+  test.assertTrue(user_agent(servicer_context.invocation_metadata())
+                  .startswith('primary-agent ' + _USER_AGENT))
+  test.assertTrue(user_agent(servicer_context.invocation_metadata())
+                  .endswith('secondary-agent'))
+
+
+def handle_unary_unary(test, request, servicer_context):
+  validate_client_metadata(test, servicer_context)
+  servicer_context.send_initial_metadata(_SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA)
+  servicer_context.set_trailing_metadata(_SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA)
+  return _RESPONSE
+
+
+def handle_unary_stream(test, request, servicer_context):
+  validate_client_metadata(test, servicer_context)
+  servicer_context.send_initial_metadata(_SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA)
+  servicer_context.set_trailing_metadata(_SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA)
+  for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH):
+    yield _RESPONSE
+
+
+def handle_stream_unary(test, request_iterator, servicer_context):
+  validate_client_metadata(test, servicer_context)
+  servicer_context.send_initial_metadata(_SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA)
+  servicer_context.set_trailing_metadata(_SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA)
+  # TODO(issue:#6891) We should be able to remove this loop
+  for request in request_iterator:
+    pass
+  return _RESPONSE
+
+
+def handle_stream_stream(test, request_iterator, servicer_context):
+  validate_client_metadata(test, servicer_context)
+  servicer_context.send_initial_metadata(_SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA)
+  servicer_context.set_trailing_metadata(_SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA)
+  # TODO(issue:#6891) We should be able to remove this loop,
+  # and replace with return; yield
+  for request in request_iterator:
+    yield _RESPONSE
+
+
+class _MethodHandler(grpc.RpcMethodHandler):
+
+  def __init__(self, test, request_streaming, response_streaming):
+    self.request_streaming = request_streaming
+    self.response_streaming = response_streaming
+    self.request_deserializer = None
+    self.response_serializer = None
+    self.unary_unary = None
+    self.unary_stream = None
+    self.stream_unary = None
+    self.stream_stream = None
+    if self.request_streaming and self.response_streaming:
+      self.stream_stream = lambda x, y: handle_stream_stream(test, x, y)
+    elif self.request_streaming:
+      self.stream_unary = lambda x, y: handle_stream_unary(test, x, y)
+    elif self.response_streaming:
+      self.unary_stream = lambda x, y: handle_unary_stream(test, x, y)
+    else:
+      self.unary_unary = lambda x, y: handle_unary_unary(test, x, y)
+
+
+class _GenericHandler(grpc.GenericRpcHandler):
+
+  def __init__(self, test):
+    self._test = test
+
+  def service(self, handler_call_details):
+    if handler_call_details.method == _UNARY_UNARY:
+      return _MethodHandler(self._test, False, False)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == _UNARY_STREAM:
+      return _MethodHandler(self._test, False, True)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == _STREAM_UNARY:
+      return _MethodHandler(self._test, True, False)
+    elif handler_call_details.method == _STREAM_STREAM:
+      return _MethodHandler(self._test, True, True)
+    else:
+      return None
+
+
+class MetadataTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def setUp(self):
+    self._server_pool = logging_pool.pool(test_constants.THREAD_CONCURRENCY)
+    self._server = grpc.server(
+        self._server_pool, handlers=(_GenericHandler(weakref.proxy(self)),))
+    port = self._server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
+    self._server.start()
+    self._channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:%d' % port,
+                                          options=_CHANNEL_ARGS)
+
+  def tearDown(self):
+    self._server.stop(0)
+
+  def testUnaryUnary(self):
+    multi_callable = self._channel.unary_unary(_UNARY_UNARY)
+    unused_response, call = multi_callable.with_call(
+        _REQUEST, metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+    self.assertTrue(test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+        _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA, call.initial_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+        _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA, call.trailing_metadata()))
+
+  def testUnaryStream(self):
+    multi_callable = self._channel.unary_stream(_UNARY_STREAM)
+    call = multi_callable(_REQUEST, metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+    self.assertTrue(test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+        _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA, call.initial_metadata()))
+    for _ in call:
+      pass
+    self.assertTrue(test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+        _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA, call.trailing_metadata()))
+
+  def testStreamUnary(self):
+    multi_callable = self._channel.stream_unary(_STREAM_UNARY)
+    unused_response, call = multi_callable.with_call(
+        [_REQUEST] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH,
+        metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+    self.assertTrue(test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+        _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA, call.initial_metadata()))
+    self.assertTrue(test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+        _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA, call.trailing_metadata()))
+
+  def testStreamStream(self):
+    multi_callable = self._channel.stream_stream(_STREAM_STREAM)
+    call = multi_callable([_REQUEST] * test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH,
+                          metadata=_CLIENT_METADATA)
+    self.assertTrue(test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+        _SERVER_INITIAL_METADATA, call.initial_metadata()))
+    for _ in call:
+      pass
+    self.assertTrue(test_common.metadata_transmitted(
+        _SERVER_TRAILING_METADATA, call.trailing_metadata()))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_rpc_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_rpc_test.py
index 1c7a14c5d0..ab6546bf87 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_rpc_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_rpc_test.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-"""Test of gRPC Python's application-layer API."""
+"""Test of RPCs made against gRPC Python's application-layer API."""
 
 import itertools
 import threading
@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 from tests.unit.framework.common import test_control
 
 _SERIALIZE_REQUEST = lambda bytestring: bytestring * 2
-_DESERIALIZE_REQUEST = lambda bytestring: bytestring[len(bytestring) / 2:]
+_DESERIALIZE_REQUEST = lambda bytestring: bytestring[len(bytestring) // 2:]
 _SERIALIZE_RESPONSE = lambda bytestring: bytestring * 3
-_DESERIALIZE_RESPONSE = lambda bytestring: bytestring[:len(bytestring) / 3]
+_DESERIALIZE_RESPONSE = lambda bytestring: bytestring[:len(bytestring) // 3]
 
-_UNARY_UNARY = b'/test/UnaryUnary'
-_UNARY_STREAM = b'/test/UnaryStream'
-_STREAM_UNARY = b'/test/StreamUnary'
-_STREAM_STREAM = b'/test/StreamStream'
+_UNARY_UNARY = '/test/UnaryUnary'
+_UNARY_STREAM = '/test/UnaryStream'
+_STREAM_UNARY = '/test/StreamUnary'
+_STREAM_STREAM = '/test/StreamStream'
 
 
 class _Callback(object):
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class _Handler(object):
   def handle_unary_unary(self, request, servicer_context):
     self._control.control()
     if servicer_context is not None:
-      servicer_context.set_trailing_metadata(((b'testkey', b'testvalue',),))
+      servicer_context.set_trailing_metadata((('testkey', 'testvalue',),))
     return request
 
   def handle_unary_stream(self, request, servicer_context):
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class _Handler(object):
       yield request
     self._control.control()
     if servicer_context is not None:
-      servicer_context.set_trailing_metadata(((b'testkey', b'testvalue',),))
+      servicer_context.set_trailing_metadata((('testkey', 'testvalue',),))
 
   def handle_stream_unary(self, request_iterator, servicer_context):
     if servicer_context is not None:
@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ class _Handler(object):
       response_elements.append(request)
     self._control.control()
     if servicer_context is not None:
-      servicer_context.set_trailing_metadata(((b'testkey', b'testvalue',),))
+      servicer_context.set_trailing_metadata((('testkey', 'testvalue',),))
     return b''.join(response_elements)
 
   def handle_stream_stream(self, request_iterator, servicer_context):
     self._control.control()
     if servicer_context is not None:
-      servicer_context.set_trailing_metadata(((b'testkey', b'testvalue',),))
+      servicer_context.set_trailing_metadata((('testkey', 'testvalue',),))
     for request in request_iterator:
       self._control.control()
       yield request
@@ -184,25 +184,18 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self._handler = _Handler(self._control)
     self._server_pool = logging_pool.pool(test_constants.THREAD_CONCURRENCY)
 
-    self._server = grpc.server((), self._server_pool)
-    port = self._server.add_insecure_port(b'[::]:0')
+    self._server = grpc.server(self._server_pool)
+    port = self._server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
     self._server.add_generic_rpc_handlers((_GenericHandler(self._handler),))
     self._server.start()
 
-    self._channel = grpc.insecure_channel(b'localhost:%d' % port)
-
-  # TODO(nathaniel): Why is this necessary, and only in some development
-  # environments?
-  def tearDown(self):
-    del self._channel
-    del self._server
-    del self._server_pool
+    self._channel = grpc.insecure_channel('localhost:%d' % port)
 
   def testUnrecognizedMethod(self):
     request = b'abc'
 
     with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
-      self._channel.unary_unary(b'NoSuchMethod')(request)
+      self._channel.unary_unary('NoSuchMethod')(request)
 
     self.assertEqual(
         grpc.StatusCode.UNIMPLEMENTED, exception_context.exception.code())
@@ -214,7 +207,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     multi_callable = _unary_unary_multi_callable(self._channel)
     response = multi_callable(
         request, metadata=(
-            (b'test', b'SuccessfulUnaryRequestBlockingUnaryResponse'),))
+            ('test', 'SuccessfulUnaryRequestBlockingUnaryResponse'),))
 
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
@@ -223,10 +216,9 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     expected_response = self._handler.handle_unary_unary(request, None)
 
     multi_callable = _unary_unary_multi_callable(self._channel)
-    response, call = multi_callable(
+    response, call = multi_callable.with_call(
         request, metadata=(
-            (b'test', b'SuccessfulUnaryRequestBlockingUnaryResponseWithCall'),),
-        with_call=True)
+            ('test', 'SuccessfulUnaryRequestBlockingUnaryResponseWithCall'),))
 
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
     self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.OK, call.code())
@@ -238,10 +230,14 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     multi_callable = _unary_unary_multi_callable(self._channel)
     response_future = multi_callable.future(
         request, metadata=(
-            (b'test', b'SuccessfulUnaryRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
+            ('test', 'SuccessfulUnaryRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
     response = response_future.result()
 
+    self.assertIsInstance(response_future, grpc.Future)
+    self.assertIsInstance(response_future, grpc.Call)
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
+    self.assertIsNone(response_future.exception())
+    self.assertIsNone(response_future.traceback())
 
   def testSuccessfulUnaryRequestStreamResponse(self):
     request = b'\x37\x58'
@@ -250,7 +246,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     multi_callable = _unary_stream_multi_callable(self._channel)
     response_iterator = multi_callable(
         request,
-        metadata=((b'test', b'SuccessfulUnaryRequestStreamResponse'),))
+        metadata=(('test', 'SuccessfulUnaryRequestStreamResponse'),))
     responses = tuple(response_iterator)
 
     self.assertSequenceEqual(expected_responses, responses)
@@ -263,7 +259,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     multi_callable = _stream_unary_multi_callable(self._channel)
     response = multi_callable(
         request_iterator,
-        metadata=((b'test', b'SuccessfulStreamRequestBlockingUnaryResponse'),))
+        metadata=(('test', 'SuccessfulStreamRequestBlockingUnaryResponse'),))
 
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
 
@@ -273,11 +269,11 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     request_iterator = iter(requests)
 
     multi_callable = _stream_unary_multi_callable(self._channel)
-    response, call = multi_callable(
+    response, call = multi_callable.with_call(
         request_iterator,
         metadata=(
-            (b'test', b'SuccessfulStreamRequestBlockingUnaryResponseWithCall'),
-        ), with_call=True)
+            ('test', 'SuccessfulStreamRequestBlockingUnaryResponseWithCall'),
+        ))
 
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
     self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.OK, call.code())
@@ -291,10 +287,12 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     response_future = multi_callable.future(
         request_iterator,
         metadata=(
-            (b'test', b'SuccessfulStreamRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
+            ('test', 'SuccessfulStreamRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
     response = response_future.result()
 
     self.assertEqual(expected_response, response)
+    self.assertIsNone(response_future.exception())
+    self.assertIsNone(response_future.traceback())
 
   def testSuccessfulStreamRequestStreamResponse(self):
     requests = tuple(b'\x77\x58' for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH))
@@ -305,7 +303,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     multi_callable = _stream_stream_multi_callable(self._channel)
     response_iterator = multi_callable(
         request_iterator,
-        metadata=((b'test', b'SuccessfulStreamRequestStreamResponse'),))
+        metadata=(('test', 'SuccessfulStreamRequestStreamResponse'),))
     responses = tuple(response_iterator)
 
     self.assertSequenceEqual(expected_responses, responses)
@@ -320,9 +318,9 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     multi_callable = _unary_unary_multi_callable(self._channel)
     first_response = multi_callable(
-        first_request, metadata=((b'test', b'SequentialInvocations'),))
+        first_request, metadata=(('test', 'SequentialInvocations'),))
     second_response = multi_callable(
-        second_request, metadata=((b'test', b'SequentialInvocations'),))
+        second_request, metadata=(('test', 'SequentialInvocations'),))
 
     self.assertEqual(expected_first_response, first_response)
     self.assertEqual(expected_second_response, second_response)
@@ -339,7 +337,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
       request_iterator = iter(requests)
       response_future = pool.submit(
           multi_callable, request_iterator,
-          metadata=((b'test', b'ConcurrentBlockingInvocations'),))
+          metadata=(('test', 'ConcurrentBlockingInvocations'),))
       response_futures[index] = response_future
     responses = tuple(
         response_future.result() for response_future in response_futures)
@@ -358,7 +356,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
       request_iterator = iter(requests)
       response_future = multi_callable.future(
           request_iterator,
-          metadata=((b'test', b'ConcurrentFutureInvocations'),))
+          metadata=(('test', 'ConcurrentFutureInvocations'),))
       response_futures[index] = response_future
     responses = tuple(
         response_future.result() for response_future in response_futures)
@@ -388,8 +386,8 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
       inner_response_future = multi_callable.future(
           request,
           metadata=(
-              (b'test',
-               b'WaitingForSomeButNotAllConcurrentFutureInvocations'),))
+              ('test',
+               'WaitingForSomeButNotAllConcurrentFutureInvocations'),))
       outer_response_future = pool.submit(wrap_future(inner_response_future))
       response_futures[index] = outer_response_future
 
@@ -408,7 +406,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     response_iterator = multi_callable(
         request,
         metadata=(
-            (b'test', b'ConsumingOneStreamResponseUnaryRequest'),))
+            ('test', 'ConsumingOneStreamResponseUnaryRequest'),))
     next(response_iterator)
 
   def testConsumingSomeButNotAllStreamResponsesUnaryRequest(self):
@@ -418,7 +416,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     response_iterator = multi_callable(
         request,
         metadata=(
-            (b'test', b'ConsumingSomeButNotAllStreamResponsesUnaryRequest'),))
+            ('test', 'ConsumingSomeButNotAllStreamResponsesUnaryRequest'),))
     for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH // 2):
       next(response_iterator)
 
@@ -430,7 +428,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     response_iterator = multi_callable(
         request_iterator,
         metadata=(
-            (b'test', b'ConsumingSomeButNotAllStreamResponsesStreamRequest'),))
+            ('test', 'ConsumingSomeButNotAllStreamResponsesStreamRequest'),))
     for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH // 2):
       next(response_iterator)
 
@@ -442,7 +440,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     response_iterator = multi_callable(
         request_iterator,
         metadata=(
-            (b'test', b'ConsumingTooManyStreamResponsesStreamRequest'),))
+            ('test', 'ConsumingTooManyStreamResponsesStreamRequest'),))
     for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH):
       next(response_iterator)
     for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH):
@@ -461,12 +459,16 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     with self._control.pause():
       response_future = multi_callable.future(
           request,
-          metadata=((b'test', b'CancelledUnaryRequestUnaryResponse'),))
+          metadata=(('test', 'CancelledUnaryRequestUnaryResponse'),))
       response_future.cancel()
 
     self.assertTrue(response_future.cancelled())
     with self.assertRaises(grpc.FutureCancelledError):
       response_future.result()
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.FutureCancelledError):
+      response_future.exception()
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.FutureCancelledError):
+      response_future.traceback()
     self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.CANCELLED, response_future.code())
 
   def testCancelledUnaryRequestStreamResponse(self):
@@ -476,7 +478,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     with self._control.pause():
       response_iterator = multi_callable(
           request,
-          metadata=((b'test', b'CancelledUnaryRequestStreamResponse'),))
+          metadata=(('test', 'CancelledUnaryRequestStreamResponse'),))
       self._control.block_until_paused()
       response_iterator.cancel()
 
@@ -496,13 +498,17 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     with self._control.pause():
       response_future = multi_callable.future(
           request_iterator,
-          metadata=((b'test', b'CancelledStreamRequestUnaryResponse'),))
+          metadata=(('test', 'CancelledStreamRequestUnaryResponse'),))
       self._control.block_until_paused()
       response_future.cancel()
 
     self.assertTrue(response_future.cancelled())
     with self.assertRaises(grpc.FutureCancelledError):
       response_future.result()
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.FutureCancelledError):
+      response_future.exception()
+    with self.assertRaises(grpc.FutureCancelledError):
+      response_future.traceback()
     self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.initial_metadata())
     self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.CANCELLED, response_future.code())
     self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.details())
@@ -516,7 +522,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     with self._control.pause():
       response_iterator = multi_callable(
           request_iterator,
-          metadata=((b'test', b'CancelledStreamRequestStreamResponse'),))
+          metadata=(('test', 'CancelledStreamRequestStreamResponse'),))
       response_iterator.cancel()
 
     with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError):
@@ -532,11 +538,11 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     multi_callable = _unary_unary_multi_callable(self._channel)
     with self._control.pause():
       with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
-        multi_callable(
+        multi_callable.with_call(
             request, timeout=test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT,
-            metadata=((b'test', b'ExpiredUnaryRequestBlockingUnaryResponse'),),
-            with_call=True)
+            metadata=(('test', 'ExpiredUnaryRequestBlockingUnaryResponse'),))
 
+    self.assertIsInstance(exception_context.exception, grpc.Call)
     self.assertIsNotNone(exception_context.exception.initial_metadata())
     self.assertIs(
         grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED, exception_context.exception.code())
@@ -551,7 +557,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     with self._control.pause():
       response_future = multi_callable.future(
           request, timeout=test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT,
-          metadata=((b'test', b'ExpiredUnaryRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
+          metadata=(('test', 'ExpiredUnaryRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
       response_future.add_done_callback(callback)
       value_passed_to_callback = callback.value()
 
@@ -565,6 +571,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertIs(
         grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED, exception_context.exception.code())
     self.assertIsInstance(response_future.exception(), grpc.RpcError)
+    self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.traceback())
     self.assertIs(
         grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED, response_future.exception().code())
 
@@ -576,7 +583,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
       with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
         response_iterator = multi_callable(
             request, timeout=test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT,
-            metadata=((b'test', b'ExpiredUnaryRequestStreamResponse'),))
+            metadata=(('test', 'ExpiredUnaryRequestStreamResponse'),))
         next(response_iterator)
 
     self.assertIs(
@@ -592,8 +599,10 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
       with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
         multi_callable(
             request_iterator, timeout=test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT,
-            metadata=((b'test', b'ExpiredStreamRequestBlockingUnaryResponse'),))
+            metadata=(('test', 'ExpiredStreamRequestBlockingUnaryResponse'),))
 
+    self.assertIsInstance(exception_context.exception, grpc.RpcError)
+    self.assertIsInstance(exception_context.exception, grpc.Call)
     self.assertIsNotNone(exception_context.exception.initial_metadata())
     self.assertIs(
         grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED, exception_context.exception.code())
@@ -609,7 +618,9 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     with self._control.pause():
       response_future = multi_callable.future(
           request_iterator, timeout=test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT,
-          metadata=((b'test', b'ExpiredStreamRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
+          metadata=(('test', 'ExpiredStreamRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
+      with self.assertRaises(grpc.FutureTimeoutError):
+        response_future.result(timeout=test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT / 2.0)
       response_future.add_done_callback(callback)
       value_passed_to_callback = callback.value()
 
@@ -619,6 +630,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertIs(
         grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED, exception_context.exception.code())
     self.assertIsInstance(response_future.exception(), grpc.RpcError)
+    self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.traceback())
     self.assertIs(response_future, value_passed_to_callback)
     self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.initial_metadata())
     self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.DEADLINE_EXCEEDED, response_future.code())
@@ -634,7 +646,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
       with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
         response_iterator = multi_callable(
             request_iterator, timeout=test_constants.SHORT_TIMEOUT,
-            metadata=((b'test', b'ExpiredStreamRequestStreamResponse'),))
+            metadata=(('test', 'ExpiredStreamRequestStreamResponse'),))
         next(response_iterator)
 
     self.assertIs(
@@ -647,10 +659,9 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     multi_callable = _unary_unary_multi_callable(self._channel)
     with self._control.fail():
       with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
-        multi_callable(
+        multi_callable.with_call(
             request,
-            metadata=((b'test', b'FailedUnaryRequestBlockingUnaryResponse'),),
-            with_call=True)
+            metadata=(('test', 'FailedUnaryRequestBlockingUnaryResponse'),))
 
     self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.UNKNOWN, exception_context.exception.code())
 
@@ -662,15 +673,18 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     with self._control.fail():
       response_future = multi_callable.future(
           request,
-          metadata=((b'test', b'FailedUnaryRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
+          metadata=(('test', 'FailedUnaryRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
       response_future.add_done_callback(callback)
       value_passed_to_callback = callback.value()
 
+    self.assertIsInstance(response_future, grpc.Future)
+    self.assertIsInstance(response_future, grpc.Call)
     with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
       response_future.result()
     self.assertIs(
         grpc.StatusCode.UNKNOWN, exception_context.exception.code())
     self.assertIsInstance(response_future.exception(), grpc.RpcError)
+    self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.traceback())
     self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.UNKNOWN, response_future.exception().code())
     self.assertIs(response_future, value_passed_to_callback)
 
@@ -682,7 +696,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
       with self._control.fail():
         response_iterator = multi_callable(
             request,
-            metadata=((b'test', b'FailedUnaryRequestStreamResponse'),))
+            metadata=(('test', 'FailedUnaryRequestStreamResponse'),))
         next(response_iterator)
 
     self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.UNKNOWN, exception_context.exception.code())
@@ -696,7 +710,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
       with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
         multi_callable(
             request_iterator,
-            metadata=((b'test', b'FailedStreamRequestBlockingUnaryResponse'),))
+            metadata=(('test', 'FailedStreamRequestBlockingUnaryResponse'),))
 
     self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.UNKNOWN, exception_context.exception.code())
 
@@ -709,7 +723,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     with self._control.fail():
       response_future = multi_callable.future(
           request_iterator,
-          metadata=((b'test', b'FailedStreamRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
+          metadata=(('test', 'FailedStreamRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
       response_future.add_done_callback(callback)
       value_passed_to_callback = callback.value()
 
@@ -719,6 +733,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertIs(
         grpc.StatusCode.UNKNOWN, exception_context.exception.code())
     self.assertIsInstance(response_future.exception(), grpc.RpcError)
+    self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.traceback())
     self.assertIs(response_future, value_passed_to_callback)
 
   def testFailedStreamRequestStreamResponse(self):
@@ -730,7 +745,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
       with self.assertRaises(grpc.RpcError) as exception_context:
         response_iterator = multi_callable(
             request_iterator,
-            metadata=((b'test', b'FailedStreamRequestStreamResponse'),))
+            metadata=(('test', 'FailedStreamRequestStreamResponse'),))
         tuple(response_iterator)
 
     self.assertIs(grpc.StatusCode.UNKNOWN, exception_context.exception.code())
@@ -742,7 +757,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     multi_callable = _unary_unary_multi_callable(self._channel)
     multi_callable.future(
         request,
-        metadata=((b'test', b'IgnoredUnaryRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
+        metadata=(('test', 'IgnoredUnaryRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
 
   def testIgnoredUnaryRequestStreamResponse(self):
     request = b'\x37\x17'
@@ -750,7 +765,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     multi_callable = _unary_stream_multi_callable(self._channel)
     multi_callable(
         request,
-        metadata=((b'test', b'IgnoredUnaryRequestStreamResponse'),))
+        metadata=(('test', 'IgnoredUnaryRequestStreamResponse'),))
 
   def testIgnoredStreamRequestFutureUnaryResponse(self):
     requests = tuple(b'\x07\x18' for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH))
@@ -759,7 +774,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     multi_callable = _stream_unary_multi_callable(self._channel)
     multi_callable.future(
         request_iterator,
-        metadata=((b'test', b'IgnoredStreamRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
+        metadata=(('test', 'IgnoredStreamRequestFutureUnaryResponse'),))
 
   def testIgnoredStreamRequestStreamResponse(self):
     requests = tuple(b'\x67\x88' for _ in range(test_constants.STREAM_LENGTH))
@@ -768,7 +783,7 @@ class RPCTest(unittest.TestCase):
     multi_callable = _stream_stream_multi_callable(self._channel)
     multi_callable(
         request_iterator,
-        metadata=((b'test', b'IgnoredStreamRequestStreamResponse'),))
+        metadata=(('test', 'IgnoredStreamRequestStreamResponse'),))
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_sanity/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_sanity/__init__.py
index 2f88fa0412..2f88fa0412 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_sanity/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_sanity/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_sanity/_sanity_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_sanity/_sanity_test.py
index 0a5a715c0e..e9fdf217ae 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_sanity/_sanity_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_sanity/_sanity_test.py
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
 import json
 import unittest
 
+import pkg_resources
+import six
+
 import tests
 
 
@@ -44,8 +47,10 @@ class Sanity(unittest.TestCase):
         for test_case_class in tests._loader.iterate_suite_cases(loader.suite)]
     test_suite_names = sorted(set(test_suite_names))
 
-    with open('src/python/grpcio/tests/tests.json') as tests_json_file:
-      tests_json = json.load(tests_json_file)
+    tests_json_string = pkg_resources.resource_string('tests', 'tests.json')
+    if six.PY3:
+      tests_json_string = tests_json_string.decode()
+    tests_json = json.loads(tests_json_string)
     self.assertListEqual(test_suite_names, tests_json)
 
 
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_thread_cleanup_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_thread_cleanup_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e4f317edc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/_thread_cleanup_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+"""Tests for CleanupThread."""
+
+import threading
+import time
+import unittest
+
+from grpc import _common
+
+_SHORT_TIME = 0.5
+_LONG_TIME = 2.0
+_EPSILON = 0.1
+
+
+def cleanup(timeout):
+  if timeout is not None:
+    time.sleep(timeout)
+  else:
+    time.sleep(_LONG_TIME)
+
+
+def slow_cleanup(timeout):
+  # Don't respect timeout
+  time.sleep(_LONG_TIME)
+
+
+class CleanupThreadTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testTargetInvocation(self):
+    event = threading.Event()
+    def target(arg1, arg2, arg3=None):
+      self.assertEqual('arg1', arg1)
+      self.assertEqual('arg2', arg2)
+      self.assertEqual('arg3', arg3)
+      event.set()
+
+    cleanup_thread = _common.CleanupThread(behavior=lambda x: None,
+                              target=target, name='test-name',
+                              args=('arg1', 'arg2'), kwargs={'arg3': 'arg3'})
+    cleanup_thread.start()
+    cleanup_thread.join()
+    self.assertEqual(cleanup_thread.name, 'test-name')
+    self.assertTrue(event.is_set())
+
+  def testJoinNoTimeout(self):
+    cleanup_thread = _common.CleanupThread(behavior=cleanup)
+    cleanup_thread.start()
+    start_time = time.time()
+    cleanup_thread.join()
+    end_time = time.time()
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(_LONG_TIME, end_time - start_time, delta=_EPSILON)
+
+  def testJoinTimeout(self):
+    cleanup_thread = _common.CleanupThread(behavior=cleanup)
+    cleanup_thread.start()
+    start_time = time.time()
+    cleanup_thread.join(_SHORT_TIME)
+    end_time = time.time()
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(_SHORT_TIME, end_time - start_time, delta=_EPSILON)
+
+  def testJoinTimeoutSlowBehavior(self):
+    cleanup_thread = _common.CleanupThread(behavior=slow_cleanup)
+    cleanup_thread.start()
+    start_time = time.time()
+    cleanup_thread.join(_SHORT_TIME)
+    end_time = time.time()
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(_LONG_TIME, end_time - start_time, delta=_EPSILON)
+
+  def testJoinTimeoutSlowTarget(self):
+    event = threading.Event()
+    def target():
+      event.wait(_LONG_TIME)
+    cleanup_thread = _common.CleanupThread(behavior=cleanup, target=target)
+    cleanup_thread.start()
+    start_time = time.time()
+    cleanup_thread.join(_SHORT_TIME)
+    end_time = time.time()
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(_SHORT_TIME, end_time - start_time, delta=_EPSILON)
+    event.set()
+
+  def testJoinZeroTimeout(self):
+    cleanup_thread = _common.CleanupThread(behavior=cleanup)
+    cleanup_thread.start()
+    start_time = time.time()
+    cleanup_thread.join(0)
+    end_time = time.time()
+    self.assertAlmostEqual(0, end_time - start_time, delta=_EPSILON)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/_links/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_beta_features_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/_beta_features_test.py
index bb2893a21b..3a9701b8eb 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_beta_features_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/_beta_features_test.py
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 
 _SERVER_HOST_OVERRIDE = 'foo.test.google.fr'
 
-_PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY = 'my-call-credentials-metadata-key'
-_PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE = 'my-call-credentials-metadata-value'
+_PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_KEY = b'my-call-credentials-metadata-key'
+_PER_RPC_CREDENTIALS_METADATA_VALUE = b'my-call-credentials-metadata-value'
 
 _GROUP = 'group'
 _UNARY_UNARY = 'unary-unary'
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/_constants.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/_connectivity_channel_test.py
index 117fc5a639..5d826a269d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/grpc/_links/_constants.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/_connectivity_channel_test.py
@@ -27,16 +27,22 @@
 # (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 # OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
-"""Constants for use within this package."""
+"""Tests of grpc.beta._connectivity_channel."""
 
-from grpc._adapter import _intermediary_low
-from grpc.beta import interfaces as beta_interfaces
+import unittest
 
-LOW_STATUS_CODE_TO_HIGH_STATUS_CODE = {
-    low: high for low, high in zip(
-        _intermediary_low.Code, beta_interfaces.StatusCode)
-}
+from grpc.beta import interfaces
 
-HIGH_STATUS_CODE_TO_LOW_STATUS_CODE = {
-    high: low for low, high in LOW_STATUS_CODE_TO_HIGH_STATUS_CODE.items()
-}
+
+class ConnectivityStatesTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def testBetaConnectivityStates(self):
+    self.assertIsNotNone(interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.IDLE)
+    self.assertIsNotNone(interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.CONNECTING)
+    self.assertIsNotNone(interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.READY)
+    self.assertIsNotNone(interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.TRANSIENT_FAILURE)
+    self.assertIsNotNone(interfaces.ChannelConnectivity.FATAL_FAILURE)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_face_interface_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/_face_interface_test.py
index 3a67516906..3a67516906 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_face_interface_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/_face_interface_test.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_implementations_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/_implementations_test.py
index 127f93e9bb..127f93e9bb 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_implementations_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/_implementations_test.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_not_found_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/_not_found_test.py
index 44fcd1e13c..37b8c49120 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_not_found_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/_not_found_test.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class NotFoundTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
   def test_future_stream_unary_not_found(self):
     rpc_future = self._generic_stub.future_stream_unary(
-        'grupe', 'mevvod', b'def', test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
+        'grupe', 'mevvod', [b'def'], test_constants.LONG_TIMEOUT)
     with self.assertRaises(face.LocalError) as exception_assertion_context:
       rpc_future.result()
     self.assertIs(
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_utilities_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/_utilities_test.py
index 08ce98e751..90fe10c77c 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/_utilities_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/_utilities_test.py
@@ -33,21 +33,12 @@ import threading
 import time
 import unittest
 
-from grpc._adapter import _low
-from grpc._adapter import _types
 from grpc.beta import implementations
 from grpc.beta import utilities
 from grpc.framework.foundation import future
 from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
 
 
-def _drive_completion_queue(completion_queue):
-  while True:
-    event = completion_queue.next(time.time() + 24 * 60 * 60)
-    if event.type == _types.EventType.QUEUE_SHUTDOWN:
-      break
-
-
 class _Callback(object):
 
   def __init__(self):
@@ -87,13 +78,9 @@ class ChannelConnectivityTest(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertFalse(ready_future.running())
 
   def test_immediately_connectable_channel_connectivity(self):
-    server_completion_queue = _low.CompletionQueue()
-    server = _low.Server(server_completion_queue, [])
-    port = server.add_http2_port('[::]:0')
+    server = implementations.server({})
+    port = server.add_insecure_port('[::]:0')
     server.start()
-    server_completion_queue_thread = threading.Thread(
-        target=_drive_completion_queue, args=(server_completion_queue,))
-    server_completion_queue_thread.start()
     channel = implementations.insecure_channel('localhost', port)
     callback = _Callback()
 
@@ -114,9 +101,7 @@ class ChannelConnectivityTest(unittest.TestCase):
       self.assertFalse(ready_future.running())
     finally:
       ready_future.cancel()
-      server.shutdown()
-      server_completion_queue.shutdown()
-      server_completion_queue_thread.join()
+      server.stop(0)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/test_utilities.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/test_utilities.py
index 66b5f72897..692da9c97d 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/test_utilities.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/beta/test_utilities.py
@@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ def not_really_secure_channel(
   """
   target = '%s:%d' % (host, port)
   channel = grpc.secure_channel(
-      target, ((b'grpc.ssl_target_name_override', server_host_override,),),
-      channel_credentials._credentials)
+      target, channel_credentials,
+      (('grpc.ssl_target_name_override', server_host_override,),))
   return implementations.Channel(channel)
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/README b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/credentials/README
index cb20dcb49f..cb20dcb49f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/README
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/credentials/README
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/ca.pem b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/credentials/ca.pem
index 6c8511a73c..6c8511a73c 100755
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/ca.pem
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/credentials/ca.pem
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/server1.key b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/credentials/server1.key
index 143a5b8765..143a5b8765 100755
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/server1.key
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/credentials/server1.key
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/server1.pem b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/credentials/server1.pem
index f3d43fcc5b..f3d43fcc5b 100755
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/credentials/server1.pem
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/credentials/server1.pem
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/beta/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/common/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/common/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/test_constants.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/common/test_constants.py
index b6682d396c..b6682d396c 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/test_constants.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/common/test_constants.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/test_control.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/common/test_control.py
index 088e2f8b88..088e2f8b88 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/test_control.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/common/test_control.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/test_coverage.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/common/test_coverage.py
index ea2d2812ce..ea2d2812ce 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/test_coverage.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/common/test_coverage.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/foundation/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/common/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/foundation/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/_logging_pool_test.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/foundation/_logging_pool_test.py
index 330e445d43..330e445d43 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/_logging_pool_test.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/foundation/_logging_pool_test.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/stream_testing.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/foundation/stream_testing.py
index 098a53d5e7..098a53d5e7 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/stream_testing.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/foundation/stream_testing.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/core/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/core/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_3069_test_constant.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_3069_test_constant.py
index 1ea356c0bf..1ea356c0bf 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_3069_test_constant.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_3069_test_constant.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/__init__.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/__init__.py
index 7086519106..7086519106 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/foundation/__init__.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_blocking_invocation_inline_service.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_blocking_invocation_inline_service.py
index e338aaa396..e338aaa396 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_blocking_invocation_inline_service.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_blocking_invocation_inline_service.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_digest.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_digest.py
index f0befb0b27..f0befb0b27 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_digest.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_digest.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service.py
index 791620307b..d32208f9eb 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_future_invocation_asynchronous_event_service.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ from concurrent import futures
 import six
 
 # test_interfaces is referenced from specification in this module.
+from grpc.framework.foundation import future
 from grpc.framework.foundation import logging_pool
 from grpc.framework.interfaces.face import face
 from tests.unit.framework.common import test_constants
@@ -159,6 +160,8 @@ class TestCase(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, test_coverage.Coverage, unittest.
 
         test_messages.verify(request, response, self)
         self.assertIs(callback.future(), response_future)
+        self.assertIsNone(response_future.exception())
+        self.assertIsNone(response_future.traceback())
 
   def testSuccessfulUnaryRequestStreamResponse(self):
     for (group, method), test_messages_sequence in (
@@ -191,6 +194,8 @@ class TestCase(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, test_coverage.Coverage, unittest.
 
         test_messages.verify(requests, response, self)
         self.assertIs(future_passed_to_callback, response_future)
+        self.assertIsNone(response_future.exception())
+        self.assertIsNone(response_future.traceback())
 
   def testSuccessfulStreamRequestStreamResponse(self):
     for (group, method), test_messages_sequence in (
@@ -301,6 +306,12 @@ class TestCase(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, test_coverage.Coverage, unittest.
         self.assertIs(callback.future(), response_future)
         self.assertFalse(cancel_method_return_value)
         self.assertTrue(response_future.cancelled())
+        with self.assertRaises(future.CancelledError):
+          response_future.result()
+        with self.assertRaises(future.CancelledError):
+          response_future.exception()
+        with self.assertRaises(future.CancelledError):
+          response_future.traceback()
 
   def testCancelledUnaryRequestStreamResponse(self):
     for (group, method), test_messages_sequence in (
@@ -332,6 +343,12 @@ class TestCase(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, test_coverage.Coverage, unittest.
         self.assertIs(callback.future(), response_future)
         self.assertFalse(cancel_method_return_value)
         self.assertTrue(response_future.cancelled())
+        with self.assertRaises(future.CancelledError):
+          response_future.result()
+        with self.assertRaises(future.CancelledError):
+          response_future.exception()
+        with self.assertRaises(future.CancelledError):
+          response_future.traceback()
 
   def testCancelledStreamRequestStreamResponse(self):
     for (group, method), test_messages_sequence in (
@@ -363,6 +380,9 @@ class TestCase(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, test_coverage.Coverage, unittest.
               response_future.exception(), face.ExpirationError)
           with self.assertRaises(face.ExpirationError):
             response_future.result()
+          self.assertIsInstance(
+              response_future.exception(), face.AbortionError)
+          self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.traceback())
 
   def testExpiredUnaryRequestStreamResponse(self):
     for (group, method), test_messages_sequence in (
@@ -392,6 +412,9 @@ class TestCase(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, test_coverage.Coverage, unittest.
               response_future.exception(), face.ExpirationError)
           with self.assertRaises(face.ExpirationError):
             response_future.result()
+          self.assertIsInstance(
+              response_future.exception(), face.AbortionError)
+          self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.traceback())
 
   def testExpiredStreamRequestStreamResponse(self):
     for (group, method), test_messages_sequence in (
@@ -426,6 +449,7 @@ class TestCase(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, test_coverage.Coverage, unittest.
               response_future.exception(), face.ExpirationError)
           with self.assertRaises(face.ExpirationError):
             response_future.result()
+          self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.traceback())
 
   def testFailedUnaryRequestStreamResponse(self):
     for (group, method), test_messages_sequence in (
@@ -463,6 +487,7 @@ class TestCase(six.with_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta, test_coverage.Coverage, unittest.
               response_future.exception(), face.ExpirationError)
           with self.assertRaises(face.ExpirationError):
             response_future.result()
+          self.assertIsNotNone(response_future.traceback())
 
   def testFailedStreamRequestStreamResponse(self):
     for (group, method), test_messages_sequence in (
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_invocation.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_invocation.py
index ac487bed4f..ac487bed4f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_invocation.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_invocation.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_service.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_service.py
index f13dff0558..f13dff0558 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_service.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_service.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_stock_service.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_stock_service.py
index 5299655bb3..5299655bb3 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_stock_service.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/_stock_service.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/test_cases.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/test_cases.py
index 71de9d835e..71de9d835e 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/test_cases.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/test_cases.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/test_interfaces.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/test_interfaces.py
index 40f38e68ba..40f38e68ba 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/test_interfaces.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/framework/interfaces/face/test_interfaces.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/resources.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/resources.py
index 023cdb155f..023cdb155f 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/resources.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/resources.py
diff --git a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/test_common.py b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/test_common.py
index 7b4d20dccb..cd71bd80d7 100644
--- a/src/python/grpcio/tests/unit/test_common.py
+++ b/src/python/grpcio_tests/tests/unit/test_common.py
@@ -31,12 +31,13 @@
 
 import collections
 
+import grpc
 import six
 
-INVOCATION_INITIAL_METADATA = ((b'0', b'abc'), (b'1', b'def'), (b'2', b'ghi'),)
-SERVICE_INITIAL_METADATA = ((b'3', b'jkl'), (b'4', b'mno'), (b'5', b'pqr'),)
-SERVICE_TERMINAL_METADATA = ((b'6', b'stu'), (b'7', b'vwx'), (b'8', b'yza'),)
-DETAILS = b'test details'
+INVOCATION_INITIAL_METADATA = (('0', 'abc'), ('1', 'def'), ('2', 'ghi'),)
+SERVICE_INITIAL_METADATA = (('3', 'jkl'), ('4', 'mno'), ('5', 'pqr'),)
+SERVICE_TERMINAL_METADATA = (('6', 'stu'), ('7', 'vwx'), ('8', 'yza'),)
+DETAILS = 'test details'
 
 
 def metadata_transmitted(original_metadata, transmitted_metadata):
@@ -59,12 +60,10 @@ def metadata_transmitted(original_metadata, transmitted_metadata):
       original_metadata after having been transmitted via gRPC.
   """
   original = collections.defaultdict(list)
-  for key_value_pair in original_metadata:
-    key, value = tuple(key_value_pair)
+  for key, value in original_metadata:
     original[key].append(value)
   transmitted = collections.defaultdict(list)
-  for key_value_pair in transmitted_metadata:
-    key, value = tuple(key_value_pair)
+  for key, value in transmitted_metadata:
     transmitted[key].append(value)
 
   for key, values in six.iteritems(original):
@@ -80,3 +79,24 @@ def metadata_transmitted(original_metadata, transmitted_metadata):
       return False
   else:
     return True
+
+
+def test_secure_channel(
+    target, channel_credentials, server_host_override):
+  """Creates an insecure Channel to a remote host.
+
+  Args:
+    host: The name of the remote host to which to connect.
+    port: The port of the remote host to which to connect.
+    channel_credentials: The implementations.ChannelCredentials with which to
+      connect.
+    server_host_override: The target name used for SSL host name checking.
+
+  Returns:
+    An implementations.Channel to the remote host through which RPCs may be
+      conducted.
+  """
+  channel = grpc.secure_channel(
+      target, channel_credentials,
+      (('grpc.ssl_target_name_override', server_host_override,),))
+  return channel