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authorGravatar Craig Tiller <ctiller@google.com>2016-09-20 11:02:51 -0700
committerGravatar Craig Tiller <ctiller@google.com>2016-09-20 11:02:51 -0700
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+# gRPC Server Reflection Tutorial
+
+gRPC Server Reflection provides information about publicly-accessible gRPC
+services on a server, and assists clients at runtime to construct RPC
+requests and responses without precompiled service information. It is used by
+gRPC CLI, which can be used to introspect server protos and send/receive test
+RPCs.
+
+## Enable Server Reflection
+
+### Enable server reflection in C++ servers
+
+C++ Server Reflection is an add-on library, `libgrpc++_reflction`. To enable C++
+server reflection, you can link this library to your server binary.
+
+Some platforms (e.g. Ubuntu 11.10 onwards) only link in libraries that directly
+contain symbols used by the application. On these platforms, LD flag
+`--no-as-needed` is needed for for dynamic linking and `--whole-archive` is
+needed for for static linking.
+
+This [Makefile](../examples/cpp/helloworld/Makefile#L37#L45) demonstrates
+enabling c++ server reflection on Linux and MacOS.
+
+## Test services using Server Reflection
+
+After enabling Server Reflection in a server application, you can use gRPC CLI
+to test its services.
+
+Instructions on how to use gRPC CLI can be found at
+[command_line_tool.md](command_line_tool.md), or using `grpc_cli help` command.
+
+Here we use `examples/cpp/helloworld` as an example to show the use of gRPC
+Server Reflection and gRPC CLI. First, we need to build gRPC CLI and setup an
+example server with Server Reflection enabled.
+
+- Setup an example server
+
+ Server Reflection has already been enabled in the
+ [Makefile](../examples/cpp/helloworld/Makefile) of the helloworld example. We
+ can simply make it and run the greeter_server.
+
+ ```sh
+ $ make -C examples/cpp/helloworld
+ $ examples/cpp/helloworld/greeter_server &
+ ```
+
+- Build gRPC CLI
+
+ ```sh
+ make grpc_cli
+ cd bins/opt
+ ```
+
+ gRPC CLI binary `grpc_cli` can be found at `bins/opt/` folder. This tool is
+ still new and does not have a `make install` target yet.
+
+### List services
+
+`grpc_cli ls` command lists services and methods exposed at a given port
+
+- List all the services exposed at a given port
+
+ ```sh
+ $ grpc_cli ls localhost:50051
+ ```
+
+ output:
+ ```sh
+ helloworld.Greeter
+ grpc.reflection.v1alpha.ServerReflection
+ ```
+
+- List one service with details
+
+ `grpc_cli ls` command inspects a service given its full name (in the format of
+ \<package\>.\<service\>). It can print information with a long listing format
+ when `-l` flag is set. This flag can be used to get more details about a
+ service.
+
+ ```sh
+ $ grpc_cli ls localhost:50051 helloworld.Greeter -l
+ ```
+
+ output:
+ ```sh
+ filename: helloworld.proto
+ package: helloworld;
+ service Greeter {
+ rpc SayHello(helloworld.HelloRequest) returns (helloworld.HelloReply) {}
+ }
+
+ ```
+
+### List methods
+
+- List one method with details
+
+ `grpc_cli ls` command also inspects a method given its full name (in the
+ format of \<package\>.\<service\>.\<method\>).
+
+ ```sh
+ $ grpc_cli ls localhost:50051 helloworld.Greeter.SayHello -l
+ ```
+
+ output:
+ ```sh
+ rpc SayHello(helloworld.HelloRequest) returns (helloworld.HelloReply) {}
+ ```
+
+### Inspect message types
+
+We can use`grpc_cli type` command to inspect request/response types given the
+full name of the type (in the format of \<package\>.\<type\>).
+
+- Get information about the request type
+
+ ```sh
+ $ grpc_cli type localhost:50051 helloworld.HelloRequest
+ ```
+
+ output:
+ ```sh
+ message HelloRequest {
+ optional string name = 1;
+ }
+ ```
+
+### Call a remote method
+
+We can send RPCs to a server and get responses using `grpc_cli call` command.
+
+- Call a unary method
+
+ ```sh
+ $ grpc_cli call localhost:50051 SayHello "name: 'gRPC CLI'"
+ ```
+
+ output:
+ ```sh
+ message: "Hello gRPC CLI"
+ ```
+
+## Use Server Reflection in a C++ client
+
+Server Reflection can be used by clients to get information about gRPC services
+at runtime. We've provided a descriptor database called
+[grpc::ProtoReflectionDescriptorDatabase](../test/cpp/util/proto_reflection_descriptor_database.h)
+which implements the
+[google::protobuf::DescriptorDatabase](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/cpp/google.protobuf.descriptor_database#DescriptorDatabase)
+interface. It manages the communication between clients and reflection services
+and the storage of received information. Clients can use it as using a local
+descriptor database.
+
+- To use Server Reflection with grpc::ProtoReflectionDescriptorDatabase, first
+ initialize an instance with a grpc::Channel.
+
+ ```c++
+ std::shared_ptr<grpc::Channel> channel =
+ grpc::CreateChannel(server_address, server_cred);
+ grpc::ProtoReflectionDescriptorDatabase reflection_db(channel);
+ ```
+
+- Then use this instance to feed a
+ [google::protobuf::DescriptorPool](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/cpp/google.protobuf.descriptor#DescriptorPool).
+
+ ```c++
+ google::protobuf::DescriptorPool desc_pool(&reflection_db);
+ ```
+
+- Example usage of this descriptor pool
+
+ * Get Service/method descriptors.
+
+ ```c++
+ const google::protobuf::ServiceDescriptor* service_desc =
+ desc_pool->FindServiceByName("helloworld.Greeter");
+ const google::protobuf::MethodDescriptor* method_desc =
+ desc_pool->FindMethodByName("helloworld.Greeter.SayHello");
+ ```
+
+ * Get message type descriptors.
+
+ ```c++
+ const google::protobuf::Descriptor* request_desc =
+ desc_pool->FindMessageTypeByName("helloworld.HelloRequest");
+ ```
+
+ * Feed [google::protobuf::DynamicMessageFactory](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/cpp/google.protobuf.dynamic_message#DynamicMessageFactory).
+
+ ```c++
+ google::protobuf::DynamicMessageFactory(&desc_pool);
+ ```