New channel pool design

9 files changed, 573 insertions, 352 deletions

diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall+ChannelArg.m b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall+ChannelArg.m
index 971c2803e2..703cff63bb 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall+ChannelArg.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall+ChannelArg.m
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 }
 
 + (void)closeOpenConnections {
-  [GRPCChannelPool closeOpenConnections];
+  [[GRPCChannelPool sharedInstance] closeOpenConnections];
 }
 
 + (void)setDefaultCompressMethod:(GRPCCompressAlgorithm)algorithm forhost:(nonnull NSString *)host {
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall.m b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall.m
index 19de004cbc..6f4b1647a5 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/GRPCCall.m
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ const char *kCFStreamVarName = "grpc_cfstream";
               requestsWriter:(GRXWriter *)requestWriter
                  callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions {
   // Purposely using pointer rather than length ([host length] == 0) for backwards compatibility.
-  NSAssert(host && path, @"Neither host nor path can be nil.");
+  NSAssert(host != nil && path != nil, @"Neither host nor path can be nil.");
   NSAssert(safety <= GRPCCallSafetyCacheableRequest,
              @"Invalid call safety value.");
   NSAssert(requestWriter.state == GRXWriterStateNotStarted,
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.h b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.h
index 4dbe0c276c..de6d1bf4a2 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.h
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.h
@@ -61,47 +61,19 @@ NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
 + (nullable instancetype) new NS_UNAVAILABLE;
 
 /**
- * Create a channel with remote \a host and signature \a channelConfigurations. Destroy delay is
- * defaulted to 30 seconds.
- */
-- (nullable instancetype)initWithChannelConfiguration:
-    (GRPCChannelConfiguration *)channelConfiguration;
-
-/**
- * Create a channel with remote \a host, signature \a channelConfigurations, and destroy delay of
- * \a destroyDelay.
+ * Create a channel with remote \a host and signature \a channelConfigurations.
  */
 - (nullable instancetype)initWithChannelConfiguration:
                              (GRPCChannelConfiguration *)channelConfiguration
-                                         destroyDelay:(NSTimeInterval)destroyDelay
     NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
 
 /**
- * Create a grpc core call object from this channel. The channel's refcount is added by 1. If no
- * call is created, NULL is returned, and if the reason is because the channel is already
- * disconnected, \a disconnected is set to YES. When the returned call is unreffed, the caller is
- * obligated to call \a unref method once. \a disconnected may be null.
+ * Create a grpc core call object (grpc_call) from this channel. If no call is created, NULL is
+ * returned.
  */
 - (nullable grpc_call *)unmanagedCallWithPath:(NSString *)path
                               completionQueue:(GRPCCompletionQueue *)queue
-                                  callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions
-                                 disconnected:(nullable BOOL *)disconnected;
-
-/**
- * Unref the channel when a call is done. It also decreases the channel's refcount. If the refcount
- * of the channel decreases to 0, the channel is destroyed after the destroy delay.
- */
-- (void)unref;
-
-/**
- * Force the channel to be disconnected and destroyed.
- */
-- (void)disconnect;
-
-/**
- * Return whether the channel is already disconnected.
- */
-@property(readonly) BOOL disconnected;
+                                  callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions;
 
 @end
 
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.m b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.m
index 0220141db0..81e53d48e3 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.m
@@ -34,9 +34,6 @@
 #import <GRPCClient/GRPCCall+Cronet.h>
 #import <GRPCClient/GRPCCallOptions.h>
 
-/** When all calls of a channel are destroyed, destroy the channel after this much seconds. */
-static const NSTimeInterval kDefaultChannelDestroyDelay = 30;
-
 @implementation GRPCChannelConfiguration
 
 - (instancetype)initWithHost:(NSString *)host callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions {
@@ -178,43 +175,18 @@ static const NSTimeInterval kDefaultChannelDestroyDelay = 30;
 @implementation GRPCChannel {
   GRPCChannelConfiguration *_configuration;
 
-  dispatch_queue_t _dispatchQueue;
   grpc_channel *_unmanagedChannel;
-  NSTimeInterval _destroyDelay;
-
-  NSUInteger _refcount;
-  NSDate *_lastDispatch;
-}
-@synthesize disconnected = _disconnected;
-
-- (instancetype)initWithChannelConfiguration:
-    (GRPCChannelConfiguration *)channelConfiguration {
-  return [self initWithChannelConfiguration:channelConfiguration
-                               destroyDelay:kDefaultChannelDestroyDelay];
 }
 
 - (instancetype)initWithChannelConfiguration:
-                             (GRPCChannelConfiguration *)channelConfiguration
-                                         destroyDelay:(NSTimeInterval)destroyDelay {
+                             (GRPCChannelConfiguration *)channelConfiguration {
   NSAssert(channelConfiguration != nil,
              @"channelConfiguration must not be empty.");
-  NSAssert(destroyDelay > 0, @"destroyDelay must be greater than 0.");
   if (channelConfiguration == nil) return nil;
-  if (destroyDelay <= 0) return nil;
 
   if ((self = [super init])) {
     _configuration = [channelConfiguration copy];
-#if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED < 110000 || __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED < 101300
-    if (@available(iOS 8.0, macOS 10.10, *)) {
-      _dispatchQueue = dispatch_queue_create(
-          NULL,
-          dispatch_queue_attr_make_with_qos_class(DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL, QOS_CLASS_DEFAULT, 0));
-    } else {
-#else
-    {
-#endif
-      _dispatchQueue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
-    }
+
     // Create gRPC core channel object.
     NSString *host = channelConfiguration.host;
     NSAssert(host.length != 0, @"host cannot be nil");
@@ -233,119 +205,54 @@ static const NSTimeInterval kDefaultChannelDestroyDelay = 30;
       NSLog(@"Unable to create channel.");
       return nil;
     }
-    _destroyDelay = destroyDelay;
-    _disconnected = NO;
   }
   return self;
 }
 
 - (grpc_call *)unmanagedCallWithPath:(NSString *)path
                      completionQueue:(GRPCCompletionQueue *)queue
-                         callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions
-                        disconnected:(BOOL *)disconnected {
+                         callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions {
   NSAssert(path.length > 0, @"path must not be empty.");
   NSAssert(queue != nil, @"completionQueue must not be empty.");
   NSAssert(callOptions != nil, @"callOptions must not be empty.");
-  if (path.length == 0) return nil;
-  if (queue == nil) return nil;
-  if (callOptions == nil) return nil;
-
-  __block BOOL isDisconnected = NO;
-  __block grpc_call *call = NULL;
-  dispatch_sync(_dispatchQueue, ^{
-    if (self->_disconnected) {
-      isDisconnected = YES;
-    } else {
-      NSAssert(self->_unmanagedChannel != NULL,
-                 @"Channel should have valid unmanaged channel.");
-      if (self->_unmanagedChannel == NULL) return;
-
-      NSString *serverAuthority =
-          callOptions.transportType == GRPCTransportTypeCronet ? nil : callOptions.serverAuthority;
-      NSTimeInterval timeout = callOptions.timeout;
-      NSAssert(timeout >= 0, @"Invalid timeout");
-      if (timeout < 0) return;
-      grpc_slice host_slice = grpc_empty_slice();
-      if (serverAuthority) {
-        host_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_string(serverAuthority.UTF8String);
-      }
-      grpc_slice path_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_string(path.UTF8String);
-      gpr_timespec deadline_ms =
-          timeout == 0
-              ? gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)
-              : gpr_time_add(gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC),
-                             gpr_time_from_millis((int64_t)(timeout * 1000), GPR_TIMESPAN));
-      call = grpc_channel_create_call(self->_unmanagedChannel, NULL, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS,
-                                      queue.unmanagedQueue, path_slice,
-                                      serverAuthority ? &host_slice : NULL, deadline_ms, NULL);
-      if (serverAuthority) {
-        grpc_slice_unref(host_slice);
-      }
-      grpc_slice_unref(path_slice);
-      if (call == NULL) {
-        NSLog(@"Unable to create call.");
-      } else {
-        // Ref the channel;
-        [self ref];
-      }
+  if (path.length == 0) return NULL;
+  if (queue == nil) return NULL;
+  if (callOptions == nil) return NULL;
+
+  grpc_call *call = NULL;
+  @synchronized(self) {
+    NSAssert(_unmanagedChannel != NULL,
+             @"Channel should have valid unmanaged channel.");
+    if (_unmanagedChannel == NULL) return NULL;
+
+    NSString *serverAuthority =
+    callOptions.transportType == GRPCTransportTypeCronet ? nil : callOptions.serverAuthority;
+    NSTimeInterval timeout = callOptions.timeout;
+    NSAssert(timeout >= 0, @"Invalid timeout");
+    if (timeout < 0) return NULL;
+    grpc_slice host_slice = grpc_empty_slice();
+    if (serverAuthority) {
+      host_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_string(serverAuthority.UTF8String);
     }
-  });
-  if (disconnected != nil) {
-    *disconnected = isDisconnected;
-  }
-  return call;
-}
-
-// This function should be called on _dispatchQueue.
-- (void)ref {
-  _refcount++;
-  if (_refcount == 1 && _lastDispatch != nil) {
-    _lastDispatch = nil;
-  }
-}
-
-- (void)unref {
-  dispatch_async(_dispatchQueue, ^{
-    NSAssert(self->_refcount > 0, @"Illegal reference count.");
-    if (self->_refcount == 0) {
-      NSLog(@"Illegal reference count.");
-      return;
+    grpc_slice path_slice = grpc_slice_from_copied_string(path.UTF8String);
+    gpr_timespec deadline_ms =
+    timeout == 0
+    ? gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_REALTIME)
+    : gpr_time_add(gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC),
+                   gpr_time_from_millis((int64_t)(timeout * 1000), GPR_TIMESPAN));
+    call = grpc_channel_create_call(_unmanagedChannel, NULL, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS,
+                                    queue.unmanagedQueue, path_slice,
+                                    serverAuthority ? &host_slice : NULL, deadline_ms, NULL);
+    if (serverAuthority) {
+      grpc_slice_unref(host_slice);
     }
-    self->_refcount--;
-    if (self->_refcount == 0 && !self->_disconnected) {
-      // Start timer.
-      dispatch_time_t delay =
-          dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)self->_destroyDelay * NSEC_PER_SEC);
-      NSDate *now = [NSDate date];
-      self->_lastDispatch = now;
-      dispatch_after(delay, self->_dispatchQueue, ^{
-        // Timed disconnection.
-        if (!self->_disconnected && self->_lastDispatch == now) {
-          grpc_channel_destroy(self->_unmanagedChannel);
-          self->_unmanagedChannel = NULL;
-          self->_disconnected = YES;
-        }
-      });
+    grpc_slice_unref(path_slice);
+    NSAssert(call != nil, @"Unable to create call.");
+    if (call == NULL) {
+      NSLog(@"Unable to create call.");
     }
-  });
-}
-
-- (void)disconnect {
-  dispatch_async(_dispatchQueue, ^{
-    if (!self->_disconnected) {
-      grpc_channel_destroy(self->_unmanagedChannel);
-      self->_unmanagedChannel = nil;
-      self->_disconnected = YES;
-    }
-  });
-}
-
-- (BOOL)disconnected {
-  __block BOOL disconnected;
-  dispatch_sync(_dispatchQueue, ^{
-    disconnected = self->_disconnected;
-  });
-  return disconnected;
+  }
+  return call;
 }
 
 - (void)dealloc {
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannelPool.h b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannelPool.h
index 48779c4449..887bd5f89f 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannelPool.h
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannelPool.h
@@ -27,7 +27,53 @@
 
 NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
 
+@protocol GRPCChannel;
 @class GRPCChannel;
+@class GRPCChannelPool;
+@class GRPCCompletionQueue;
+@class GRPCChannelConfiguration;
+
+/**
+ * Channel proxy that can be retained and automatically reestablish connection when the channel is
+ * disconnected.
+ */
+@interface GRPCPooledChannel : NSObject
+
+/**
+ * Initialize with an actual channel object \a channel and a reference to the channel pool.
+ */
+- (nullable instancetype)initWithChannelConfiguration:(GRPCChannelConfiguration *)channelConfiguration
+                                          channelPool:(GRPCChannelPool *)channelPool;
+
+
+/**
+ * Create a grpc core call object (grpc_call) from this channel. If channel is disconnected, get a
+ * new channel object from the channel pool.
+ */
+- (nullable grpc_call *)unmanagedCallWithPath:(NSString *)path
+                              completionQueue:(GRPCCompletionQueue *)queue
+                                  callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions;
+
+/**
+ * Return ownership and destroy the grpc_call object created by
+ * \a unmanagedCallWithPath:completionQueue:callOptions: and decrease channel refcount. If refcount
+ * of the channel becomes 0, return the channel object to channel pool.
+ */
+- (void)unrefUnmanagedCall:(grpc_call *)unmanagedCall;
+
+/**
+ * Force the channel to disconnect immediately.
+ */
+- (void)disconnect;
+
+// The following methods and properties are for test only
+
+/**
+ * Return the pointer to the real channel wrapped by the proxy.
+ */
+@property(atomic, readonly) GRPCChannel *wrappedChannel;
+
+@end
 
 /**
  * Manage the pool of connected channels. When a channel is no longer referenced by any call,
@@ -36,37 +82,41 @@ NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
 @interface GRPCChannelPool : NSObject
 
 /**
- * Get the singleton instance
+ * Get the global channel pool.
  */
 + (nullable instancetype)sharedInstance;
 
 /**
- * Return a channel with a particular configuration. If the channel does not exist, execute \a
- * createChannel then add it in the pool. If the channel exists, increase its reference count.
+ * Return a channel with a particular configuration. The channel may be a cached channel.
  */
-- (GRPCChannel *)channelWithHost:(NSString *)host callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions;
+- (GRPCPooledChannel *)channelWithHost:(NSString *)host callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions;
 
 /**
  * This method is deprecated.
  *
  * Destroy all open channels and close their connections.
  */
-+ (void)closeOpenConnections;
+- (void)closeOpenConnections;
 
 // Test-only methods below
 
 /**
- * Return a channel with a special destroy delay. If \a destroyDelay is 0, use the default destroy
- * delay.
+ * Get an instance of pool isolated from the global shared pool. This method is for test only.
+ * Global pool should be used in production.
+ */
+- (nullable instancetype)init;
+
+/**
+ * Simulate a network transition event and destroy all channels. This method is for internal and
+ * test only.
  */
-- (GRPCChannel *)channelWithHost:(NSString *)host
-                     callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions
-                    destroyDelay:(NSTimeInterval)destroyDelay;
+- (void)disconnectAllChannels;
 
 /**
- * Simulate a network transition event and destroy all channels.
+ * Set the destroy delay of channels. A channel should be destroyed if it stayed idle (no active
+ * call on it) for this period of time. This property is for test only.
  */
-- (void)destroyAllChannels;
+@property(atomic) NSTimeInterval destroyDelay;
 
 @end
 
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannelPool.m b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannelPool.m
index 5e2e9bcfeb..92dd4c86ae 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannelPool.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannelPool.m
@@ -37,8 +37,150 @@ extern const char *kCFStreamVarName;
 static GRPCChannelPool *gChannelPool;
 static dispatch_once_t gInitChannelPool;
 
+/** When all calls of a channel are destroyed, destroy the channel after this much seconds. */
+static const NSTimeInterval kDefaultChannelDestroyDelay = 30;
+
+@interface GRPCChannelPool()
+
+- (GRPCChannel *)refChannelWithConfiguration:(GRPCChannelConfiguration *)configuration;
+
+- (void)unrefChannelWithConfiguration:(GRPCChannelConfiguration *)configuration;
+
+@end
+
+@implementation GRPCPooledChannel {
+  __weak GRPCChannelPool *_channelPool;
+  GRPCChannelConfiguration *_channelConfiguration;
+  NSMutableSet *_unmanagedCalls;
+}
+
+@synthesize wrappedChannel = _wrappedChannel;
+
+- (instancetype)initWithChannelConfiguration:(GRPCChannelConfiguration *)channelConfiguration
+                                 channelPool:(GRPCChannelPool *)channelPool {
+  NSAssert(channelConfiguration != nil, @"channelConfiguration cannot be empty.");
+  NSAssert(channelPool != nil, @"channelPool cannot be empty.");
+  if (channelPool == nil || channelConfiguration == nil) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    _channelPool = channelPool;
+    _channelConfiguration = channelConfiguration;
+    _unmanagedCalls = [NSMutableSet set];
+  }
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (grpc_call *)unmanagedCallWithPath:(NSString *)path
+                              completionQueue:(GRPCCompletionQueue *)queue
+                         callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions {
+  NSAssert(path.length > 0, @"path must not be empty.");
+  NSAssert(queue != nil, @"completionQueue must not be empty.");
+  NSAssert(callOptions, @"callOptions must not be empty.");
+  if (path.length == 0 || queue == nil || callOptions == nil) return NULL;
+
+  grpc_call *call = NULL;
+  @synchronized(self) {
+    if (_wrappedChannel == nil) {
+      __strong GRPCChannelPool *strongPool = _channelPool;
+      if (strongPool) {
+        _wrappedChannel = [strongPool refChannelWithConfiguration:_channelConfiguration];
+      }
+      NSAssert(_wrappedChannel != nil, @"Unable to get a raw channel for proxy.");
+    }
+    call = [_wrappedChannel unmanagedCallWithPath:path completionQueue:queue callOptions:callOptions];
+    if (call != NULL) {
+      [_unmanagedCalls addObject:[NSValue valueWithPointer:call]];
+    }
+  }
+  return call;
+}
+
+- (void)unrefUnmanagedCall:(grpc_call *)unmanagedCall {
+  if (unmanagedCall == nil) return;
+  
+  grpc_call_unref(unmanagedCall);
+  BOOL timedDestroy = NO;
+  @synchronized(self) {
+    if ([_unmanagedCalls containsObject:[NSValue valueWithPointer:unmanagedCall]]) {
+      [_unmanagedCalls removeObject:[NSValue valueWithPointer:unmanagedCall]];
+      if ([_unmanagedCalls count] == 0) {
+        timedDestroy = YES;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (timedDestroy) {
+    [self timedDestroy];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)disconnect {
+  @synchronized(self) {
+    _wrappedChannel = nil;
+    [_unmanagedCalls removeAllObjects];
+  }
+}
+
+- (GRPCChannel *)wrappedChannel {
+  GRPCChannel *channel = nil;
+  @synchronized (self) {
+    channel = _wrappedChannel;
+  }
+  return channel;
+}
+
+- (void)timedDestroy {
+  __strong GRPCChannelPool *pool = nil;
+  @synchronized(self) {
+    // Check if we still want to destroy the channel.
+    if ([_unmanagedCalls count] == 0) {
+      pool = _channelPool;
+      _wrappedChannel = nil;
+    }
+  }
+  [pool unrefChannelWithConfiguration:_channelConfiguration];
+}
+
+@end
+
+/**
+ * A convenience value type for cached channel.
+ */
+@interface GRPCChannelRecord : NSObject <NSCopying>
+
+/** Pointer to the raw channel. May be nil when the channel has been destroyed. */
+@property GRPCChannel *channel;
+
+/** Channel proxy corresponding to this channel configuration. */
+@property GRPCPooledChannel *proxy;
+
+/** Last time when a timed destroy is initiated on the channel. */
+@property NSDate *timedDestroyDate;
+
+/** Reference count of the proxy to the channel. */
+@property NSUInteger refcount;
+
+@end
+
+@implementation GRPCChannelRecord
+
+- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
+  GRPCChannelRecord *newRecord = [[GRPCChannelRecord allocWithZone:zone] init];
+  newRecord.channel = _channel;
+  newRecord.proxy = _proxy;
+  newRecord.timedDestroyDate = _timedDestroyDate;
+  newRecord.refcount = _refcount;
+
+  return newRecord;
+}
+
+@end
+
 @implementation GRPCChannelPool {
-  NSMutableDictionary<GRPCChannelConfiguration *, GRPCChannel *> *_channelPool;
+  NSMutableDictionary<GRPCChannelConfiguration *, GRPCChannelRecord *> *_channelPool;
+  dispatch_queue_t _dispatchQueue;
 }
 
 + (instancetype)sharedInstance {
@@ -52,6 +194,18 @@ static dispatch_once_t gInitChannelPool;
 - (instancetype)init {
   if ((self = [super init])) {
     _channelPool = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
+#if __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 110000 || __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 101300
+    if (@available(iOS 8.0, macOS 10.10, *)) {
+      _dispatchQueue = dispatch_queue_create(
+                                             NULL,
+                                             dispatch_queue_attr_make_with_qos_class(DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL, QOS_CLASS_DEFAULT, 0));
+    } else {
+#else
+      {
+#endif
+        _dispatchQueue = dispatch_queue_create(NULL, DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
+      }
+    _destroyDelay = kDefaultChannelDestroyDelay;
 
     // Connectivity monitor is not required for CFStream
     char *enableCFStream = getenv(kCFStreamVarName);
@@ -62,51 +216,106 @@ static dispatch_once_t gInitChannelPool;
   return self;
 }
 
-- (GRPCChannel *)channelWithHost:(NSString *)host callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions {
-  return [self channelWithHost:host callOptions:callOptions destroyDelay:0];
-}
-
-- (GRPCChannel *)channelWithHost:(NSString *)host
-                     callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions
-                    destroyDelay:(NSTimeInterval)destroyDelay {
+- (GRPCPooledChannel *)channelWithHost:(NSString *)host callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions {
   NSAssert(host.length > 0, @"Host must not be empty.");
   NSAssert(callOptions != nil, @"callOptions must not be empty.");
   if (host.length == 0) return nil;
   if (callOptions == nil) return nil;
   
-  GRPCChannel *channel;
+  GRPCPooledChannel *channelProxy = nil;
   GRPCChannelConfiguration *configuration =
       [[GRPCChannelConfiguration alloc] initWithHost:host callOptions:callOptions];
   @synchronized(self) {
-    channel = _channelPool[configuration];
-    if (channel == nil || channel.disconnected) {
-      if (destroyDelay == 0) {
-        channel = [[GRPCChannel alloc] initWithChannelConfiguration:configuration];
-      } else {
-        channel = [[GRPCChannel alloc] initWithChannelConfiguration:configuration
-                                                       destroyDelay:destroyDelay];
-      }
-      _channelPool[configuration] = channel;
+    GRPCChannelRecord *record = _channelPool[configuration];
+    if (record == nil) {
+      record = [[GRPCChannelRecord alloc] init];
+      record.proxy = [[GRPCPooledChannel alloc] initWithChannelConfiguration:configuration
+                                                                 channelPool:self];
+      record.timedDestroyDate = nil;
+      _channelPool[configuration] = record;
+      channelProxy = record.proxy;
+    } else {
+      channelProxy = record.proxy;
     }
   }
-  return channel;
+  return channelProxy;
 }
 
-+ (void)closeOpenConnections {
-  [[GRPCChannelPool sharedInstance] destroyAllChannels];
+- (void)closeOpenConnections {
+  [self disconnectAllChannels];
 }
 
-- (void)destroyAllChannels {
-  @synchronized(self) {
-    for (id key in _channelPool) {
-      [_channelPool[key] disconnect];
+- (GRPCChannel *)refChannelWithConfiguration:(GRPCChannelConfiguration *)configuration {
+  GRPCChannel *ret = nil;
+  @synchronized (self) {
+    NSAssert(configuration != nil, @"configuration cannot be empty.");
+    if (configuration == nil) return nil;
+
+    GRPCChannelRecord *record = _channelPool[configuration];
+    NSAssert(record != nil, @"No record corresponding to a proxy.");
+    if (record == nil) return nil;
+
+    if (record.channel == nil) {
+      // Channel is already destroyed;
+      record.channel = [[GRPCChannel alloc] initWithChannelConfiguration:configuration];
+      record.timedDestroyDate = nil;
+      record.refcount = 1;
+      ret = record.channel;
+    } else {
+      ret = record.channel;
+      record.timedDestroyDate = nil;
+      record.refcount++;
     }
-    _channelPool = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
   }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+- (void)unrefChannelWithConfiguration:(GRPCChannelConfiguration *)configuration {
+  @synchronized (self) {
+    GRPCChannelRecord *record = _channelPool[configuration];
+    NSAssert(record != nil, @"No record corresponding to a proxy.");
+    if (record == nil) return;
+    NSAssert(record.refcount > 0, @"Inconsistent channel refcount.");
+    if (record.refcount > 0) {
+      record.refcount--;
+      if (record.refcount == 0) {
+        NSDate *now = [NSDate date];
+        record.timedDestroyDate = now;
+        dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(_destroyDelay * NSEC_PER_SEC)),
+                       _dispatchQueue,
+                       ^{
+                         @synchronized (self) {
+                           if (now == record.timedDestroyDate) {
+                             // Destroy the raw channel and reset related records.
+                             record.timedDestroyDate = nil;
+                             record.refcount = 0;
+                             record.channel = nil;
+                           }
+                         }
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)disconnectAllChannels {
+  NSMutableSet<GRPCPooledChannel *> *proxySet = [NSMutableSet set];
+  @synchronized (self) {
+    [_channelPool enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(GRPCChannelConfiguration * _Nonnull key, GRPCChannelRecord * _Nonnull obj, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
+      obj.channel = nil;
+      obj.timedDestroyDate = nil;
+      obj.refcount = 0;
+      [proxySet addObject:obj.proxy];
+    }];
+  }
+  // Disconnect proxies
+  [proxySet enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(GRPCPooledChannel * _Nonnull obj, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
+    [obj disconnect];
+  }];
 }
 
 - (void)connectivityChange:(NSNotification *)note {
-  [self destroyAllChannels];
+  [self disconnectAllChannels];
 }
 
 - (void)dealloc {
diff --git a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.m b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.m
index ae7f07f119..5c402250cc 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/GRPCClient/private/GRPCWrappedCall.m
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@
 
 @implementation GRPCWrappedCall {
   GRPCCompletionQueue *_queue;
-  GRPCChannel *_channel;
+  GRPCPooledChannel *_channel;
   grpc_call *_call;
 }
 
@@ -257,21 +257,15 @@
     // consuming too many threads and having contention of multiple calls in a single completion
     // queue. Currently we use a singleton queue.
     _queue = [GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue];
-    BOOL disconnected = NO;
-    do {
-      _channel = [[GRPCChannelPool sharedInstance] channelWithHost:host callOptions:callOptions];
-      if (_channel == nil) {
-        NSAssert(_channel != nil, @"Failed to get a channel for the host.");
-        NSLog(@"Failed to get a channel for the host.");
-        return nil;
-      }
-      _call = [_channel unmanagedCallWithPath:path
-                              completionQueue:_queue
-                                  callOptions:callOptions
-                                 disconnected:&disconnected];
-      // Try create another channel if the current channel is disconnected (due to idleness or
-      // connectivity monitor disconnection).
-    } while (_call == NULL && disconnected);
+    _channel = [[GRPCChannelPool sharedInstance] channelWithHost:host callOptions:callOptions];
+    if (_channel == nil) {
+      NSAssert(_channel != nil, @"Failed to get a channel for the host.");
+      NSLog(@"Failed to get a channel for the host.");
+      return nil;
+    }
+    _call = [_channel unmanagedCallWithPath:path
+                            completionQueue:_queue
+                                callOptions:callOptions];
     if (_call == nil) {
       NSAssert(_channel != nil, @"Failed to get a channel for the host.");
       NSLog(@"Failed to create a call.");
@@ -326,10 +320,7 @@
 }
 
 - (void)dealloc {
-  if (_call) {
-    grpc_call_unref(_call);
-  }
-  [_channel unref];
+  [_channel unrefUnmanagedCall:_call];
   _channel = nil;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/objective-c/tests/ChannelTests/ChannelPoolTest.m b/src/objective-c/tests/ChannelTests/ChannelPoolTest.m
index b85e62feb5..51819b12c2 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/tests/ChannelTests/ChannelPoolTest.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/tests/ChannelTests/ChannelPoolTest.m
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 #define TEST_TIMEOUT 32
 
 NSString *kDummyHost = @"dummy.host";
+NSString *kDummyHost2 = @"dummy.host.2";
+NSString *kDummyPath = @"/dummy/path";
 
 @interface ChannelPoolTest : XCTestCase
 
@@ -36,94 +38,156 @@ NSString *kDummyHost = @"dummy.host";
   grpc_init();
 }
 
-- (void)testChannelPooling {
-  NSString *kDummyHost = @"dummy.host";
-  NSString *kDummyHost2 = @"dummy.host2";
+- (void)testCreateChannelAndCall {
+  GRPCChannelPool *pool = [[GRPCChannelPool alloc] init];
+  GRPCCallOptions *options = [[GRPCCallOptions alloc] init];
+  GRPCPooledChannel *channel = (GRPCPooledChannel *)[pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost
+                                                            callOptions:options];
+  XCTAssertNil(channel.wrappedChannel);
+  GRPCCompletionQueue *cq = [GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue];
+  grpc_call *call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                                   completionQueue:cq callOptions:options];
+  XCTAssert(call != NULL);
+  XCTAssertNotNil(channel.wrappedChannel);
+  [channel unrefUnmanagedCall:call];
+  XCTAssertNil(channel.wrappedChannel);
+}
 
-  GRPCMutableCallOptions *options1 = [[GRPCMutableCallOptions alloc] init];
+- (void)testCacheChannel {
+  GRPCChannelPool *pool = [[GRPCChannelPool alloc] init];
+  GRPCCallOptions *options1 = [[GRPCCallOptions alloc] init];
   GRPCCallOptions *options2 = [options1 copy];
-  GRPCMutableCallOptions *options3 = [options2 mutableCopy];
+  GRPCMutableCallOptions *options3 = [options1 mutableCopy];
   options3.transportType = GRPCTransportTypeInsecure;
-
-  GRPCChannelPool *pool = [GRPCChannelPool sharedInstance];
-
-  GRPCChannel *channel1 = [pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost callOptions:options1];
-  GRPCChannel *channel2 = [pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost callOptions:options2];
-  GRPCChannel *channel3 = [pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost2 callOptions:options1];
-  GRPCChannel *channel4 = [pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost callOptions:options3];
-  XCTAssertEqual(channel1, channel2);
-  XCTAssertNotEqual(channel1, channel3);
-  XCTAssertNotEqual(channel1, channel4);
-  XCTAssertNotEqual(channel3, channel4);
-}
-
-- (void)testDestroyAllChannels {
-  NSString *kDummyHost = @"dummy.host";
-
-  GRPCMutableCallOptions *options = [[GRPCMutableCallOptions alloc] init];
-  GRPCChannelPool *pool = [GRPCChannelPool sharedInstance];
-  GRPCChannel *channel = [pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost callOptions:options];
-  grpc_call *call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:@"dummy.path"
-                                   completionQueue:[GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue]
-                                       callOptions:options
-                                      disconnected:nil];
-  [pool destroyAllChannels];
-  XCTAssertTrue(channel.disconnected);
-  GRPCChannel *channel2 = [pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost callOptions:options];
-  XCTAssertNotEqual(channel, channel2);
-  grpc_call_unref(call);
+  GRPCCompletionQueue *cq = [GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue];
+  GRPCPooledChannel *channel1 = (GRPCPooledChannel *)[pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost
+                                                             callOptions:options1];
+  grpc_call *call1 = [channel1 unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                                     completionQueue:cq
+                                         callOptions:options1];
+  GRPCPooledChannel *channel2 = (GRPCPooledChannel *)[pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost
+                                                             callOptions:options2];
+  grpc_call *call2 = [channel2 unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                                     completionQueue:cq
+                                         callOptions:options2];
+  GRPCPooledChannel *channel3 = (GRPCPooledChannel *)[pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost
+                                                             callOptions:options3];
+  grpc_call *call3 = [channel3 unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                                     completionQueue:cq
+                                         callOptions:options3];
+  GRPCPooledChannel *channel4 = (GRPCPooledChannel *)[pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost2
+                                                             callOptions:options1];
+  grpc_call *call4 = [channel4 unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                                     completionQueue:cq
+                                         callOptions:options1];
+  XCTAssertEqual(channel1.wrappedChannel, channel2.wrappedChannel);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(channel1.wrappedChannel, channel3.wrappedChannel);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(channel1.wrappedChannel, channel4.wrappedChannel);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(channel3.wrappedChannel, channel4.wrappedChannel);
+  [channel1 unrefUnmanagedCall:call1];
+  [channel2 unrefUnmanagedCall:call2];
+  [channel3 unrefUnmanagedCall:call3];
+  [channel4 unrefUnmanagedCall:call4];
 }
 
-- (void)testGetChannelBeforeChannelTimedDisconnection {
-  NSString *kDummyHost = @"dummy.host";
-  const NSTimeInterval kDestroyDelay = 1;
-
-  GRPCMutableCallOptions *options = [[GRPCMutableCallOptions alloc] init];
-  GRPCChannelPool *pool = [GRPCChannelPool sharedInstance];
-  GRPCChannel *channel =
-      [pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost callOptions:options destroyDelay:kDestroyDelay];
-  grpc_call *call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:@"dummy.path"
-                                   completionQueue:[GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue]
-                                       callOptions:options
-                                      disconnected:nil];
-  grpc_call_unref(call);
-  [channel unref];
-
-  // Test that we can still get the channel at this time
-  GRPCChannel *channel2 =
-      [pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost callOptions:options destroyDelay:kDestroyDelay];
-  XCTAssertEqual(channel, channel2);
-  call = [channel2 unmanagedCallWithPath:@"dummy.path"
-                         completionQueue:[GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue]
-                             callOptions:options
-                            disconnected:nil];
-
-  // Test that after the destroy delay, the channel is still alive
+- (void)testTimedDestroyChannel {
+  const NSTimeInterval kDestroyDelay = 1.0;
+
+  GRPCChannelPool *pool = [[GRPCChannelPool alloc] init];
+  pool.destroyDelay = kDestroyDelay;
+  GRPCCallOptions *options = [[GRPCCallOptions alloc] init];
+  GRPCPooledChannel *channel = (GRPCPooledChannel *)[pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost
+                                                            callOptions:options];
+  GRPCCompletionQueue *cq = [GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue];
+  grpc_call *call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                                   completionQueue:cq callOptions:options];
+  GRPCChannel *wrappedChannel = channel.wrappedChannel;
+
+  [channel unrefUnmanagedCall:call];
+  // Confirm channel is not destroyed at this time
+  call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                        completionQueue:cq
+                            callOptions:options];
+  XCTAssertEqual(wrappedChannel, channel.wrappedChannel);
+
+  [channel unrefUnmanagedCall:call];
   sleep(kDestroyDelay + 1);
-  XCTAssertFalse(channel.disconnected);
+  // Confirm channel is new at this time
+  call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                        completionQueue:cq
+                            callOptions:options];
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(wrappedChannel, channel.wrappedChannel);
+
+  // Confirm the new channel can create call
+  call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                        completionQueue:cq
+                            callOptions:options];
+  XCTAssert(call != NULL);
+  [channel unrefUnmanagedCall:call];
 }
 
-- (void)testGetChannelAfterChannelTimedDisconnection {
-  NSString *kDummyHost = @"dummy.host";
-  const NSTimeInterval kDestroyDelay = 1;
-
-  GRPCMutableCallOptions *options = [[GRPCMutableCallOptions alloc] init];
-  GRPCChannelPool *pool = [GRPCChannelPool sharedInstance];
-  GRPCChannel *channel =
-      [pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost callOptions:options destroyDelay:kDestroyDelay];
-  grpc_call *call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:@"dummy.path"
-                                   completionQueue:[GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue]
-                                       callOptions:options
-                                      disconnected:nil];
-  grpc_call_unref(call);
-  [channel unref];
-
-  sleep(kDestroyDelay + 1);
+- (void)testPoolDisconnection {
+  GRPCChannelPool *pool = [[GRPCChannelPool alloc] init];
+  GRPCCallOptions *options = [[GRPCCallOptions alloc] init];
+  GRPCPooledChannel *channel = (GRPCPooledChannel *)[pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost
+                                                            callOptions:options];
+  GRPCCompletionQueue *cq = [GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue];
+  grpc_call *call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                                   completionQueue:cq
+                                       callOptions:options];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(channel.wrappedChannel);
+  GRPCChannel *wrappedChannel = channel.wrappedChannel;
+
+  // Test a new channel is created by requesting a channel from pool
+  [pool disconnectAllChannels];
+  channel = (GRPCPooledChannel *)[pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost
+                                          callOptions:options];
+  call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                        completionQueue:cq
+                            callOptions:options];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(channel.wrappedChannel);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(wrappedChannel, channel.wrappedChannel);
+  wrappedChannel = channel.wrappedChannel;
+
+  // Test a new channel is created by requesting a new call from the previous proxy
+  [pool disconnectAllChannels];
+  grpc_call *call2 = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                                    completionQueue:cq
+                                        callOptions:options];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(channel.wrappedChannel);
+  XCTAssertNotEqual(channel.wrappedChannel, wrappedChannel);
+  [channel unrefUnmanagedCall:call];
+  [channel unrefUnmanagedCall:call2];
+}
 
-  // Test that we get new channel to the same host and with the same callOptions
-  GRPCChannel *channel2 =
-      [pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost callOptions:options destroyDelay:kDestroyDelay];
-  XCTAssertNotEqual(channel, channel2);
+- (void)testUnrefCallFromStaleChannel {
+  GRPCChannelPool *pool = [[GRPCChannelPool alloc] init];
+  GRPCCallOptions *options = [[GRPCCallOptions alloc] init];
+  GRPCPooledChannel *channel = (GRPCPooledChannel *)[pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost
+                                                            callOptions:options];
+  GRPCCompletionQueue *cq = [GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue];
+  grpc_call *call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                                   completionQueue:cq
+                                       callOptions:options];
+
+  [pool disconnectAllChannels];
+  channel = (GRPCPooledChannel *)[pool channelWithHost:kDummyHost
+                                          callOptions:options];
+
+  grpc_call *call2 = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:kDummyPath
+                                    completionQueue:cq
+                                        callOptions:options];
+  // Test unref the call of a stale channel will not cause the current channel going into timed
+  // destroy state
+  XCTAssertNotNil(channel.wrappedChannel);
+  GRPCChannel *wrappedChannel = channel.wrappedChannel;
+  [channel unrefUnmanagedCall:call];
+  XCTAssertNotNil(channel.wrappedChannel);
+  XCTAssertEqual(wrappedChannel, channel.wrappedChannel);
+  // Test unref the call of the current channel will cause the channel going into timed destroy
+  // state
+  [channel unrefUnmanagedCall:call2];
+  XCTAssertNil(channel.wrappedChannel);
 }
 
 @end
diff --git a/src/objective-c/tests/ChannelTests/ChannelTests.m b/src/objective-c/tests/ChannelTests/ChannelTests.m
index 5daafcdf3f..212db2f653 100644
--- a/src/objective-c/tests/ChannelTests/ChannelTests.m
+++ b/src/objective-c/tests/ChannelTests/ChannelTests.m
@@ -20,65 +20,93 @@
 
 #import "../../GRPCClient/GRPCCallOptions.h"
 #import "../../GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannel.h"
+#import "../../GRPCClient/private/GRPCChannelPool.h"
 #import "../../GRPCClient/private/GRPCCompletionQueue.h"
 
-@interface ChannelTests : XCTestCase
+/*
+#define TEST_TIMEOUT 8
+
+@interface GRPCChannelFake : NSObject
+
+- (instancetype)initWithCreateExpectation:(XCTestExpectation *)createExpectation
+                         unrefExpectation:(XCTestExpectation *)unrefExpectation;
+
+- (nullable grpc_call *)unmanagedCallWithPath:(NSString *)path
+                              completionQueue:(GRPCCompletionQueue *)queue
+                                  callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions;
+
+- (void)unrefUnmanagedCall:(grpc_call *)unmanagedCall;
 
 @end
 
-@implementation ChannelTests
+@implementation GRPCChannelFake {
+  __weak XCTestExpectation *_createExpectation;
+  __weak XCTestExpectation *_unrefExpectation;
+  long _grpcCallCounter;
+}
 
-+ (void)setUp {
-  grpc_init();
+- (nullable instancetype)initWithChannelConfiguration:(GRPCChannelConfiguration *)channelConfiguration {
+  return nil;
 }
 
-- (void)testTimedDisconnection {
-  NSString *const kHost = @"grpc-test.sandbox.googleapis.com";
-  const NSTimeInterval kDestroyDelay = 1;
-  GRPCCallOptions *options = [[GRPCCallOptions alloc] init];
-  GRPCChannelConfiguration *configuration =
-      [[GRPCChannelConfiguration alloc] initWithHost:kHost callOptions:options];
-  GRPCChannel *channel =
-      [[GRPCChannel alloc] initWithChannelConfiguration:configuration destroyDelay:kDestroyDelay];
-  BOOL disconnected;
-  grpc_call *call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:@"dummy.path"
-                                   completionQueue:[GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue]
-                                       callOptions:options
-                                      disconnected:&disconnected];
-  XCTAssertFalse(disconnected);
-  grpc_call_unref(call);
-  [channel unref];
-  XCTAssertFalse(channel.disconnected, @"Channel is pre-maturely disconnected.");
-  sleep(kDestroyDelay + 1);
-  XCTAssertTrue(channel.disconnected, @"Channel is not disconnected after delay.");
-
-  // Check another call creation returns null and indicates disconnected.
-  call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:@"dummy.path"
-                        completionQueue:[GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue]
-                            callOptions:options
-                           disconnected:&disconnected];
-  XCTAssert(call == NULL);
-  XCTAssertTrue(disconnected);
+- (instancetype)initWithCreateExpectation:(XCTestExpectation *)createExpectation
+                         unrefExpectation:(XCTestExpectation *)unrefExpectation {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    _createExpectation = createExpectation;
+    _unrefExpectation = unrefExpectation;
+    _grpcCallCounter = 0;
+  }
+  return self;
 }
 
-- (void)testForceDisconnection {
-  NSString *const kHost = @"grpc-test.sandbox.googleapis.com";
-  const NSTimeInterval kDestroyDelay = 1;
-  GRPCCallOptions *options = [[GRPCCallOptions alloc] init];
-  GRPCChannelConfiguration *configuration =
-      [[GRPCChannelConfiguration alloc] initWithHost:kHost callOptions:options];
-  GRPCChannel *channel =
-      [[GRPCChannel alloc] initWithChannelConfiguration:configuration destroyDelay:kDestroyDelay];
-  grpc_call *call = [channel unmanagedCallWithPath:@"dummy.path"
-                                   completionQueue:[GRPCCompletionQueue completionQueue]
-                                       callOptions:options
-                                      disconnected:nil];
-  grpc_call_unref(call);
-  [channel disconnect];
-  XCTAssertTrue(channel.disconnected, @"Channel is not disconnected.");
-
-  // Test calling another unref here will not crash
-  [channel unref];
+- (nullable grpc_call *)unmanagedCallWithPath:(NSString *)path
+                              completionQueue:(GRPCCompletionQueue *)queue
+                                  callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions {
+  if (_createExpectation) [_createExpectation fulfill];
+  return (grpc_call *)(++_grpcCallCounter);
+}
+
+- (void)unrefUnmanagedCall:(grpc_call *)unmanagedCall {
+  if (_unrefExpectation) [_unrefExpectation fulfill];
+}
+
+@end
+
+@interface GRPCChannelPoolFake : NSObject
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDelayedDestroyExpectation:(XCTestExpectation *)delayedDestroyExpectation;
+
+- (GRPCChannel *)rawChannelWithHost:(NSString *)host callOptions:(GRPCCallOptions *)callOptions;
+
+- (void)delayedDestroyChannel;
+
+@end
+
+@implementation GRPCChannelPoolFake {
+  __weak XCTestExpectation *_delayedDestroyExpectation;
+}
+
+- (instancetype)initWithDelayedDestroyExpectation:(XCTestExpectation *)delayedDestroyExpectation {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    _delayedDestroyExpectation = delayedDestroyExpectation;
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+
+- (void)delayedDestroyChannel {
+  if (_delayedDestroyExpectation) [_delayedDestroyExpectation fulfill];
+}
+
+@end */
+
+@interface ChannelTests : XCTestCase
+
+@end
+
+@implementation ChannelTests
+
++ (void)setUp {
+  grpc_init();
 }
 
 @end