reorder repo parameters last

Many functions took the repo as their first parameter. Changing it
consistently to be the last parameter allows doing some useful things with
currying, that reduce boilerplate.

In particular, g <- gitRepo is almost never needed now, instead
use inRepo to run an IO action in the repo, and fromRepo to get
a value from the repo.

This also provides more opportunities to use monadic and applicative
combinators.

46 files changed, 338 insertions, 390 deletions

diff --git a/Annex.hs b/Annex.hs
index 2c6402ac3..501e54c66 100644
--- a/Annex.hs
+++ b/Annex.hs
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ module Annex (
 	eval,
 	getState,
 	changeState,
-	gitRepo
+	gitRepo,
+	inRepo,
+	fromRepo,
 ) where
 
 import Control.Monad.IO.Control
@@ -114,6 +116,16 @@ getState = gets
 changeState :: (AnnexState -> AnnexState) -> Annex ()
 changeState = modify
 
-{- Returns the git repository being acted on -}
+{- Returns the annex's git repository. -}
 gitRepo :: Annex Git.Repo
 gitRepo = getState repo
+
+{- Runs an IO action in the annex's git repository. -}
+inRepo :: (Git.Repo -> IO a) -> Annex a
+inRepo a = do
+	g <- gitRepo
+	liftIO $ a g
+
+{- Extracts a value from the annex's git repisitory. -}
+fromRepo :: (Git.Repo -> a) -> Annex a
+fromRepo a = a <$> gitRepo
diff --git a/Annex/Branch.hs b/Annex/Branch.hs
index 163c9ec60..189289ad3 100644
--- a/Annex/Branch.hs
+++ b/Annex/Branch.hs
@@ -56,21 +56,19 @@ index g = gitAnnexDir g </> "index"
  - and merge in changes from other branches.
  -}
 genIndex :: Git.Repo -> IO ()
-genIndex g = Git.UnionMerge.ls_tree g fullname >>= Git.UnionMerge.update_index g
+genIndex g = Git.UnionMerge.ls_tree fullname g >>= Git.UnionMerge.update_index g
 
 {- Runs an action using the branch's index file. -}
 withIndex :: Annex a -> Annex a
 withIndex = withIndex' False
 withIndex' :: Bool -> Annex a -> Annex a
 withIndex' bootstrapping a = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let f = index g
-
+	f <- fromRepo $ index
 	bracketIO (Git.useIndex f) id $ do
 		unlessM (liftIO $ doesFileExist f) $ do
 			unless bootstrapping create
 			liftIO $ createDirectoryIfMissing True $ takeDirectory f
-			unless bootstrapping $ liftIO $ genIndex g
+			unless bootstrapping $ inRepo genIndex
 		a
 
 withIndexUpdate :: Annex a -> Annex a
@@ -103,19 +101,17 @@ getCache file = getState >>= go
 {- Creates the branch, if it does not already exist. -}
 create :: Annex ()
 create = unlessM hasBranch $ do
-	g <- gitRepo
 	e <- hasOrigin
 	if e
-		then liftIO $ Git.run g "branch" [Param name, Param originname]
+		then inRepo $ Git.run "branch" [Param name, Param originname]
 		else withIndex' True $
-			liftIO $ Git.commit g "branch created" fullname []
+			inRepo $ Git.commit "branch created" fullname []
 
 {- Stages the journal, and commits staged changes to the branch. -}
 commit :: String -> Annex ()
 commit message = whenM journalDirty $ lockJournal $ do
 	stageJournalFiles
-	g <- gitRepo
-	withIndex $ liftIO $ Git.commit g message fullname [fullname]
+	withIndex $ inRepo $ Git.commit message fullname [fullname]
 
 {- Ensures that the branch is up-to-date; should be called before data is
  - read from it. Runs only once per git-annex run.
@@ -134,7 +130,6 @@ commit message = whenM journalDirty $ lockJournal $ do
  -}
 update :: Annex ()
 update = onceonly $ do
-	g <- gitRepo
 	-- check what needs updating before taking the lock
 	dirty <- journalDirty
 	c <- filterM (changedBranch name . snd) =<< siblingBranches
@@ -151,10 +146,10 @@ update = onceonly $ do
 			 - documentation advises users not to directly
 			 - modify the branch.
 			 -}
-			liftIO $ Git.UnionMerge.merge_index g branches
+			inRepo $ \g -> Git.UnionMerge.merge_index g branches
 		ff <- if dirty then return False else tryFastForwardTo refs
-		unless ff $
-			liftIO $ Git.commit g "update" fullname (nub $ fullname:refs)
+		unless ff $ inRepo $
+			Git.commit "update" fullname (nub $ fullname:refs)
 		invalidateCache
 	where
 		onceonly a = unlessM (branchUpdated <$> getState) $ do
@@ -165,14 +160,13 @@ update = onceonly $ do
 {- Checks if the second branch has any commits not present on the first
  - branch. -}
 changedBranch :: String -> String -> Annex Bool
-changedBranch origbranch newbranch = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	diffs <- liftIO $ Git.pipeRead g [
-		Param "log",
-		Param (origbranch ++ ".." ++ newbranch),
-		Params "--oneline -n1"
-		]
-	return $ not $ L.null diffs
+changedBranch origbranch newbranch = not . L.null <$> diffs
+	where
+		diffs = inRepo $ Git.pipeRead
+			[ Param "log"
+			, Param (origbranch ++ ".." ++ newbranch)
+			, Params "--oneline -n1"
+			]
 
 {- Given a set of refs that are all known to have commits not
  - on the git-annex branch, tries to update the branch by a
@@ -195,8 +189,7 @@ tryFastForwardTo (first:rest) = do
 	where
 		no_ff = return False
 		do_ff branch = do
-			g <- gitRepo
-			liftIO $ Git.run g "update-ref" [Param fullname, Param branch]
+			inRepo $ Git.run "update-ref" [Param fullname, Param branch]
 			return True
 		findbest c [] = return $ Just c
 		findbest c (r:rs)
@@ -223,10 +216,8 @@ disableUpdate = Annex.changeState setupdated
 
 {- Checks if a git ref exists. -}
 refExists :: GitRef -> Annex Bool
-refExists ref = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	liftIO $ Git.runBool g "show-ref"
-		[Param "--verify", Param "-q", Param ref]
+refExists ref = inRepo $ Git.runBool "show-ref"
+	[Param "--verify", Param "-q", Param ref]
 
 {- Does the main git-annex branch exist? -}
 hasBranch :: Annex Bool
@@ -244,8 +235,7 @@ hasSomeBranch = not . null <$> siblingBranches
  - from remotes. Duplicate refs are filtered out. -}
 siblingBranches :: Annex [(String, String)]
 siblingBranches = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	r <- liftIO $ Git.pipeRead g [Param "show-ref", Param name]
+	r <- inRepo $ Git.pipeRead [Param "show-ref", Param name]
 	return $ nubBy uref $ map (pair . words . L.unpack) (L.lines r)
 	where
 		pair l = (head l, last l)
@@ -280,8 +270,7 @@ get file = fromcache =<< getCache file
 {- Lists all files on the branch. There may be duplicates in the list. -}
 files :: Annex [FilePath]
 files = withIndexUpdate $ do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	bfiles <- liftIO $ Git.pipeNullSplit g
+	bfiles <- inRepo $ Git.pipeNullSplit
 		[Params "ls-tree --name-only -r -z", Param fullname]
 	jfiles <- getJournalledFiles
 	return $ jfiles ++ bfiles
@@ -349,8 +338,8 @@ stageJournalFiles = do
 	where
 		index_lines shas = map genline . zip shas
 		genline (sha, file) = Git.UnionMerge.update_index_line sha file
-		git_hash_object g = Git.gitCommandLine g
-			[Param "hash-object", Param "-w", Param "--stdin-paths"]
+		git_hash_object g = Git.gitCommandLine
+			[Param "hash-object", Param "-w", Param "--stdin-paths"] g
 
 
 {- Checks if there are changes in the journal. -}
@@ -379,8 +368,7 @@ fileJournal = replace "//" "_" . replace "_" "/"
  - contention with other git-annex processes. -}
 lockJournal :: Annex a -> Annex a
 lockJournal a = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let file = gitAnnexJournalLock g
+	file <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexJournalLock
 	bracketIO (lock file) unlock a
 	where
 		lock file = do
diff --git a/Annex/CatFile.hs b/Annex/CatFile.hs
index 2707ed3ea..a043e1ae3 100644
--- a/Annex/CatFile.hs
+++ b/Annex/CatFile.hs
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ catFile :: String -> FilePath -> Annex String
 catFile branch file = maybe startup go =<< Annex.getState Annex.catfilehandle
 	where
 		startup = do
-			g <- gitRepo
-			h <- liftIO $ Git.CatFile.catFileStart g
+			h <- inRepo $ Git.CatFile.catFileStart
 			Annex.changeState $ \s -> s { Annex.catfilehandle = Just h }
 			go h
 		go h = liftIO $ Git.CatFile.catFile h branch file
diff --git a/Annex/Content.hs b/Annex/Content.hs
index aafdf6f2e..fc2c2d092 100644
--- a/Annex/Content.hs
+++ b/Annex/Content.hs
@@ -37,18 +37,18 @@ import Config
 {- Checks if a given key is currently present in the gitAnnexLocation. -}
 inAnnex :: Key -> Annex Bool
 inAnnex key = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	when (Git.repoIsUrl g) $ error "inAnnex cannot check remote repo"
-	liftIO $ doesFileExist $ gitAnnexLocation g key
+	whenM (fromRepo Git.repoIsUrl) $
+		error "inAnnex cannot check remote repo"
+	inRepo $ doesFileExist . gitAnnexLocation key
 
 {- Calculates the relative path to use to link a file to a key. -}
 calcGitLink :: FilePath -> Key -> Annex FilePath
 calcGitLink file key = do
-	g <- gitRepo
 	cwd <- liftIO getCurrentDirectory
 	let absfile = fromMaybe whoops $ absNormPath cwd file
+	top <- fromRepo Git.workTree
 	return $ relPathDirToFile (parentDir absfile) 
-			(Git.workTree g) </> ".git" </> annexLocation key
+			top </> ".git" </> annexLocation key
 	where
 		whoops = error $ "unable to normalize " ++ file
 
@@ -65,8 +65,7 @@ logStatus key status = do
  - the annex as a key's content. -}
 getViaTmp :: Key -> (FilePath -> Annex Bool) -> Annex Bool
 getViaTmp key action = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let tmp = gitAnnexTmpLocation g key
+	tmp <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexTmpLocation key
 
 	-- Check that there is enough free disk space.
 	-- When the temp file already exists, count the space
@@ -84,8 +83,7 @@ getViaTmp key action = do
 
 prepTmp :: Key -> Annex FilePath
 prepTmp key = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let tmp = gitAnnexTmpLocation g key
+	tmp <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexTmpLocation key
 	liftIO $ createDirectoryIfMissing True (parentDir tmp)
 	return tmp
 
@@ -162,8 +160,7 @@ checkDiskSpace' adjustment key = do
  -}
 moveAnnex :: Key -> FilePath -> Annex ()
 moveAnnex key src = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let dest = gitAnnexLocation g key
+	dest <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation key
 	let dir = parentDir dest
 	e <- liftIO $ doesFileExist dest
 	if e
@@ -177,8 +174,7 @@ moveAnnex key src = do
 
 withObjectLoc :: Key -> ((FilePath, FilePath) -> Annex a) -> Annex a
 withObjectLoc key a = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let file = gitAnnexLocation g key
+	file <- fromRepo $gitAnnexLocation key
 	let dir = parentDir file
 	a (dir, file)
 
@@ -201,9 +197,9 @@ fromAnnex key dest = withObjectLoc key $ \(dir, file) -> liftIO $ do
  - returns the file it was moved to. -}
 moveBad :: Key -> Annex FilePath
 moveBad key = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let src = gitAnnexLocation g key
-	let dest = gitAnnexBadDir g </> takeFileName src
+	src <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation key
+	bad <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexBadDir
+	let dest = bad </> takeFileName src
 	liftIO $ do
 		createDirectoryIfMissing True (parentDir dest)
 		allowWrite (parentDir src)
@@ -214,9 +210,7 @@ moveBad key = do
 
 {- List of keys whose content exists in .git/annex/objects/ -}
 getKeysPresent :: Annex [Key]
-getKeysPresent = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	getKeysPresent' $ gitAnnexObjectDir g
+getKeysPresent = getKeysPresent' =<< fromRepo gitAnnexObjectDir
 getKeysPresent' :: FilePath -> Annex [Key]
 getKeysPresent' dir = do
 	exists <- liftIO $ doesDirectoryExist dir
diff --git a/Annex/Queue.hs b/Annex/Queue.hs
index 4c1182750..f611cf02e 100644
--- a/Annex/Queue.hs
+++ b/Annex/Queue.hs
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ flush silent = do
 	unless (0 == Git.Queue.size q) $ do
 		unless silent $
 			showSideAction "Recording state in git"
-		g <- gitRepo
-		q' <- liftIO $ Git.Queue.flush g q
+		q' <- inRepo $ Git.Queue.flush q
 		store q'
 
 store :: Git.Queue.Queue -> Annex ()
diff --git a/Annex/UUID.hs b/Annex/UUID.hs
index d3d674dcc..6fc04c0f0 100644
--- a/Annex/UUID.hs
+++ b/Annex/UUID.hs
@@ -45,23 +45,23 @@ getUUID = getRepoUUID =<< gitRepo
 {- Looks up a repo's UUID. May return "" if none is known. -}
 getRepoUUID :: Git.Repo -> Annex UUID
 getRepoUUID r = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-
-	let c = cached g
+	c <- fromRepo cached
 	let u = getUncachedUUID r
 	
 	if c /= u && u /= NoUUID
 		then do
-			updatecache g u
+			updatecache u
 			return u
 		else return c
 	where
-		cached g = toUUID $ Git.configGet g cachekey ""
-		updatecache g u = when (g /= r) $ storeUUID cachekey u
+		cached g = toUUID $ Git.configGet cachekey "" g
+		updatecache u = do
+			g <- gitRepo
+			when (g /= r) $ storeUUID cachekey u
 		cachekey = "remote." ++ fromMaybe "" (Git.repoRemoteName r) ++ ".annex-uuid"
 
 getUncachedUUID :: Git.Repo -> UUID
-getUncachedUUID r = toUUID $ Git.configGet r configkey ""
+getUncachedUUID = toUUID . Git.configGet configkey ""
 
 {- Make sure that the repo has an annex.uuid setting. -}
 prepUUID :: Annex ()
diff --git a/Annex/Version.hs b/Annex/Version.hs
index 935f777ab..9e694faf1 100644
--- a/Annex/Version.hs
+++ b/Annex/Version.hs
@@ -26,12 +26,10 @@ versionField :: String
 versionField = "annex.version"
 
 getVersion :: Annex (Maybe Version)
-getVersion = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let v = Git.configGet g versionField ""
-	if not $ null v
-		then return $ Just v
-		else return Nothing
+getVersion = handle <$> fromRepo (Git.configGet versionField "")
+	where
+		handle [] = Nothing
+		handle v = Just v
 
 setVersion :: Annex ()
 setVersion = setConfig versionField defaultVersion
diff --git a/Backend.hs b/Backend.hs
index 9a40e5459..f7990c22c 100644
--- a/Backend.hs
+++ b/Backend.hs
@@ -47,10 +47,7 @@ orderedList = do
 			l' <- (lookupBackendName name :) <$> standard
 			Annex.changeState $ \s -> s { Annex.backends = l' }
 			return l'
-		standard = do
-			g <- gitRepo
-			return $ parseBackendList $
-				Git.configGet g "annex.backends" ""
+		standard = fromRepo $ parseBackendList . Git.configGet "annex.backends" ""
 		parseBackendList [] = list
 		parseBackendList s = map lookupBackendName $ words s
 
@@ -96,16 +93,14 @@ type BackendFile = (Maybe (Backend Annex), FilePath)
  - That can be configured on a per-file basis in the gitattributes file.
  -}
 chooseBackends :: [FilePath] -> Annex [BackendFile]
-chooseBackends fs = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	forced <- Annex.getState Annex.forcebackend
-	if isJust forced
-		then do
+chooseBackends fs = Annex.getState Annex.forcebackend >>= go
+	where
+		go Nothing = do
+			pairs <- inRepo $ Git.checkAttr "annex.backend" fs
+			return $ map (\(f,b) -> (maybeLookupBackendName b, f)) pairs
+		go (Just _) = do
 			l <- orderedList
 			return $ map (\f -> (Just $ head l, f)) fs
-		else do
-			pairs <- liftIO $ Git.checkAttr g "annex.backend" fs
-			return $ map (\(f,b) -> (maybeLookupBackendName b, f)) pairs
 
 {- Looks up a backend by name. May fail if unknown. -}
 lookupBackendName :: String -> Backend Annex
diff --git a/Backend/SHA.hs b/Backend/SHA.hs
index d44982117..a3846a410 100644
--- a/Backend/SHA.hs
+++ b/Backend/SHA.hs
@@ -98,9 +98,8 @@ keyValueE size file = keyValue size file >>= maybe (return Nothing) addE
 {- A key's checksum is checked during fsck. -}
 checkKeyChecksum :: SHASize -> Key -> Annex Bool
 checkKeyChecksum size key = do
-	g <- gitRepo
 	fast <- Annex.getState Annex.fast
-	let file = gitAnnexLocation g key
+	file <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation key
 	present <- liftIO $ doesFileExist file
 	if not present || fast
 		then return True
diff --git a/Command.hs b/Command.hs
index c11b90610..c436c5b62 100644
--- a/Command.hs
+++ b/Command.hs
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ notBareRepo a = do
 	a
 
 isBareRepo :: Annex Bool
-isBareRepo = Git.repoIsLocalBare <$> gitRepo
+isBareRepo = fromRepo Git.repoIsLocalBare
 
 {- Used for commands that have an auto mode that checks the number of known
  - copies of a key.
diff --git a/Command/Add.hs b/Command/Add.hs
index a633db7b3..ab104b53c 100644
--- a/Command/Add.hs
+++ b/Command/Add.hs
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ undo file key e = do
 		-- fromAnnex could fail if the file ownership is weird
 		tryharder :: IOException -> Annex ()
 		tryharder _ = do
-			g <- gitRepo
-			liftIO $ renameFile (gitAnnexLocation g key) file
+			src <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation key
+			liftIO $ renameFile src file
 
 cleanup :: FilePath -> Key -> Bool -> CommandCleanup
 cleanup file key hascontent = do
diff --git a/Command/AddUrl.hs b/Command/AddUrl.hs
index b717e271d..945848e9f 100644
--- a/Command/AddUrl.hs
+++ b/Command/AddUrl.hs
@@ -41,10 +41,9 @@ perform url file = do
 
 download :: String -> FilePath -> CommandPerform
 download url file = do
-	g <- gitRepo
 	showAction $ "downloading " ++ url ++ " "
 	let dummykey = Backend.URL.fromUrl url
-	let tmp = gitAnnexTmpLocation g dummykey
+	tmp <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexTmpLocation dummykey
 	liftIO $ createDirectoryIfMissing True (parentDir tmp)
 	ok <- liftIO $ Url.download url tmp
 	if ok
diff --git a/Command/DropUnused.hs b/Command/DropUnused.hs
index 70dcc4cc7..55c21f83b 100644
--- a/Command/DropUnused.hs
+++ b/Command/DropUnused.hs
@@ -58,17 +58,15 @@ perform key = maybe droplocal dropremote =<< Annex.getState Annex.fromremote
 			next $ Command.Drop.cleanupRemote key r
 		droplocal = Command.Drop.performLocal key (Just 0) -- force drop
 
-performOther :: (Git.Repo -> Key -> FilePath) -> Key -> CommandPerform
+performOther :: (Key -> Git.Repo -> FilePath) -> Key -> CommandPerform
 performOther filespec key = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let f = filespec g key
+	f <- fromRepo $ filespec key
 	liftIO $ whenM (doesFileExist f) $ removeFile f
 	next $ return True
 
 readUnusedLog :: FilePath -> Annex UnusedMap
 readUnusedLog prefix = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let f = gitAnnexUnusedLog prefix g
+	f <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexUnusedLog prefix
 	e <- liftIO $ doesFileExist f
 	if e
 		then M.fromList . map parse . lines <$> liftIO (readFile f)
diff --git a/Command/Fsck.hs b/Command/Fsck.hs
index d1abb29e3..3feabeb9e 100644
--- a/Command/Fsck.hs
+++ b/Command/Fsck.hs
@@ -79,26 +79,26 @@ check = sequence >=> dispatch
    in this repository only. -}
 verifyLocationLog :: Key -> String -> Annex Bool
 verifyLocationLog key desc = do
-	g <- gitRepo
 	present <- inAnnex key
 	
 	-- Since we're checking that a key's file is present, throw
 	-- in a permission fixup here too.
-	when present $ liftIO $ do
-		let f = gitAnnexLocation g key
-		preventWrite f
-		preventWrite (parentDir f)
+	when present $ do
+		f <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation key
+		liftIO $ do
+			preventWrite f
+			preventWrite (parentDir f)
 
 	u <- getUUID
         uuids <- keyLocations key
 
 	case (present, u `elem` uuids) of
 		(True, False) -> do
-				fix g u InfoPresent
+				fix u InfoPresent
 				-- There is no data loss, so do not fail.
 				return True
 		(False, True) -> do
-				fix g u InfoMissing
+				fix u InfoMissing
 				warning $
 					"** Based on the location log, " ++ desc
 					++ "\n** was expected to be present, " ++
@@ -107,16 +107,16 @@ verifyLocationLog key desc = do
 		_ -> return True
 	
 	where
-		fix g u s = do
+		fix u s = do
 			showNote "fixing location log"
+			g <- gitRepo
 			logChange g key u s
 
 {- The size of the data for a key is checked against the size encoded in
  - the key's metadata, if available. -}
 checkKeySize :: Key -> Annex Bool
 checkKeySize key = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let file = gitAnnexLocation g key
+	file <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation key
 	present <- liftIO $ doesFileExist file
 	case (present, Types.Key.keySize key) of
 		(_, Nothing) -> return True
diff --git a/Command/Map.hs b/Command/Map.hs
index 11808ed63..f72cb107a 100644
--- a/Command/Map.hs
+++ b/Command/Map.hs
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ seek = [withNothing start]
 
 start :: CommandStart
 start = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	rs <- spider g
+	rs <- spider =<< gitRepo
 
 	umap <- uuidMap
 	trusted <- trustGet Trusted
diff --git a/Command/Migrate.hs b/Command/Migrate.hs
index 2d4d24a22..a823466dc 100644
--- a/Command/Migrate.hs
+++ b/Command/Migrate.hs
@@ -42,14 +42,13 @@ upgradableKey key = isNothing $ Types.Key.keySize key
 
 perform :: FilePath -> Key -> Backend Annex -> CommandPerform
 perform file oldkey newbackend = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-
 	-- Store the old backend's cached key in the new backend
 	-- (the file can't be stored as usual, because it's already a symlink).
 	-- The old backend's key is not dropped from it, because there may
 	-- be other files still pointing at that key.
-	let src = gitAnnexLocation g oldkey
-	let tmpfile = gitAnnexTmpDir g </> takeFileName file
+	src <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation oldkey
+	tmp <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexTmpDir
+	let tmpfile = tmp </> takeFileName file
 	liftIO $ createLink src tmpfile
 	k <- Backend.genKey tmpfile $ Just newbackend
 	liftIO $ cleantmp tmpfile
diff --git a/Command/SendKey.hs b/Command/SendKey.hs
index 318ea56d0..573747867 100644
--- a/Command/SendKey.hs
+++ b/Command/SendKey.hs
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ seek = [withKeys start]
 
 start :: Key -> CommandStart
 start key = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let file = gitAnnexLocation g key
+	file <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation key
 	whenM (inAnnex key) $
 		liftIO $ rsyncServerSend file -- does not return
 	warning "requested key is not present"
diff --git a/Command/Unannex.hs b/Command/Unannex.hs
index 825f81939..d24f921a9 100644
--- a/Command/Unannex.hs
+++ b/Command/Unannex.hs
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ start file = isAnnexed file $ \(key, _) -> do
 		then do
 			force <- Annex.getState Annex.force
 			unless force $ do
-				g <- gitRepo
-				staged <- liftIO $ LsFiles.staged g [Git.workTree g]
+				top <- fromRepo Git.workTree
+				staged <- inRepo $ LsFiles.staged [top]
 				unless (null staged) $
 					error "This command cannot be run when there are already files staged for commit."
 				Annex.changeState $ \s -> s { Annex.force = True }
@@ -46,19 +46,19 @@ perform file key = next $ cleanup file key
 
 cleanup :: FilePath -> Key -> CommandCleanup
 cleanup file key = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-
 	liftIO $ removeFile file
-	liftIO $ Git.run g "rm" [Params "--quiet --", File file]
+	inRepo $ Git.run "rm" [Params "--quiet --", File file]
 	-- git rm deletes empty directories; put them back
 	liftIO $ createDirectoryIfMissing True (parentDir file)
 
 	fast <- Annex.getState Annex.fast
 	if fast
-		then liftIO $ do
+		then do
 			-- fast mode: hard link to content in annex
-			createLink (gitAnnexLocation g key) file
-			allowWrite file
+			src <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation key
+			liftIO $ do
+				createLink src file
+				allowWrite file
 		else do
 			fromAnnex key file
 			logStatus key InfoMissing
diff --git a/Command/Uninit.hs b/Command/Uninit.hs
index 5a6ee0be2..f317b7620 100644
--- a/Command/Uninit.hs
+++ b/Command/Uninit.hs
@@ -28,11 +28,9 @@ check = do
 	when (b == Annex.Branch.name) $ error $
 		"cannot uninit when the " ++ b ++ " branch is checked out"
 	where
-		current_branch = do
-			g <- gitRepo
-			b <- liftIO $
-				Git.pipeRead g [Params "rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD"]
-			return $ head $ lines $ B.unpack b
+		current_branch = head . lines . B.unpack <$> revhead
+		revhead = inRepo $ Git.pipeRead 
+			[Params "rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD"]
 
 seek :: [CommandSeek]
 seek = [withFilesInGit startUnannex, withNothing start]
@@ -53,12 +51,11 @@ perform = next cleanup
 
 cleanup :: CommandCleanup
 cleanup = do
-	g <- gitRepo
+	annexdir <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexDir
 	uninitialize
 	mapM_ removeAnnex =<< getKeysPresent
-	liftIO $ removeDirectoryRecursive (gitAnnexDir g)
+	liftIO $ removeDirectoryRecursive annexdir
 	-- avoid normal shutdown
 	saveState
-	liftIO $ do
-		Git.run g "branch" [Param "-D", Param Annex.Branch.name]
-		exitSuccess
+	inRepo $ Git.run "branch" [Param "-D", Param Annex.Branch.name]
+	liftIO $ exitSuccess
diff --git a/Command/Unlock.hs b/Command/Unlock.hs
index 7ecaf0b7f..590b75311 100644
--- a/Command/Unlock.hs
+++ b/Command/Unlock.hs
@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@ perform dest key = do
 	
 	checkDiskSpace key
 
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let src = gitAnnexLocation g key
-	let tmpdest = gitAnnexTmpLocation g key
+	src <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation key
+	tmpdest <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexTmpLocation key
 	liftIO $ createDirectoryIfMissing True (parentDir tmpdest)
 	showAction "copying"
 	ok <- liftIO $ copyFileExternal src tmpdest
diff --git a/Command/Unused.hs b/Command/Unused.hs
index 7e9ffa01f..9d56d1ff1 100644
--- a/Command/Unused.hs
+++ b/Command/Unused.hs
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ checkRemoteUnused' r = do
 
 writeUnusedFile :: FilePath -> [(Int, Key)] -> Annex ()
 writeUnusedFile prefix l = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	liftIO $ viaTmp writeFile (gitAnnexUnusedLog prefix g) $
+	logfile <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexUnusedLog prefix
+	liftIO $ viaTmp writeFile logfile $
 		unlines $ map (\(n, k) -> show n ++ " " ++ show k) l
 
 table :: [(Int, Key)] -> [String]
@@ -147,8 +147,7 @@ unusedKeys = do
 excludeReferenced :: [Key] -> Annex [Key]
 excludeReferenced [] = return [] -- optimisation
 excludeReferenced l = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	c <- liftIO $ Git.pipeRead g [Param "show-ref"]
+	c <- inRepo $ Git.pipeRead [Param "show-ref"]
 	removewith (getKeysReferenced : map getKeysReferencedInGit (refs c))
 		(S.fromList l)
 	where
@@ -183,8 +182,8 @@ exclude smaller larger = S.toList $ remove larger $ S.fromList smaller
 {- List of keys referenced by symlinks in the git repo. -}
 getKeysReferenced :: Annex [Key]
 getKeysReferenced = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	files <- liftIO $ LsFiles.inRepo g [Git.workTree g]
+	top <- fromRepo Git.workTree
+	files <- inRepo $ LsFiles.inRepo [top]
 	keypairs <- mapM Backend.lookupFile files
 	return $ map fst $ catMaybes keypairs
 
@@ -192,8 +191,7 @@ getKeysReferenced = do
 getKeysReferencedInGit :: String -> Annex [Key]
 getKeysReferencedInGit ref = do
 	showAction $ "checking " ++ Git.refDescribe ref
-	g <- gitRepo
-	findkeys [] =<< liftIO (LsTree.lsTree g ref)
+	findkeys [] =<< inRepo (LsTree.lsTree ref)
 	where
 		findkeys c [] = return c
 		findkeys c (l:ls)
@@ -217,16 +215,14 @@ staleKeysPrune dirspec present = do
 	let stale = contents `exclude` present
 	let dups = contents `exclude` stale
 
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let dir = dirspec g
+	dir <- fromRepo dirspec
 	liftIO $ forM_ dups $ \t -> removeFile $ dir </> keyFile t
 
 	return stale
 
 staleKeys :: (Git.Repo -> FilePath) -> Annex [Key]
 staleKeys dirspec = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let dir = dirspec g
+	dir <- fromRepo dirspec
 	exists <- liftIO $ doesDirectoryExist dir
 	if not exists
 		then return []
diff --git a/Common/Annex.hs b/Common/Annex.hs
index f802ec253..6b5bc31de 100644
--- a/Common/Annex.hs
+++ b/Common/Annex.hs
@@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ module Common.Annex (
 import Common
 import Types
 import Types.UUID (toUUID, fromUUID)
-import Annex (gitRepo)
+import Annex (gitRepo, inRepo, fromRepo)
 import Locations
 import Messages
diff --git a/Config.hs b/Config.hs
index bf929219d..c24ab9d04 100644
--- a/Config.hs
+++ b/Config.hs
@@ -16,19 +16,17 @@ type ConfigKey = String
 {- Changes a git config setting in both internal state and .git/config -}
 setConfig :: ConfigKey -> String -> Annex ()
 setConfig k value = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	liftIO $ Git.run g "config" [Param k, Param value]
+	inRepo $ Git.run "config" [Param k, Param value]
 	-- re-read git config and update the repo's state
-	g' <- liftIO $ Git.configRead g
-	Annex.changeState $ \s -> s { Annex.repo = g' }
+	newg <- inRepo $ Git.configRead
+	Annex.changeState $ \s -> s { Annex.repo = newg }
 
 {- Looks up a per-remote config setting in git config.
  - Failing that, tries looking for a global config option. -}
 getConfig :: Git.Repo -> ConfigKey -> String -> Annex String
 getConfig r key def = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let def' = Git.configGet g ("annex." ++ key) def
-	return $ Git.configGet g (remoteConfig r key) def'
+	def' <- fromRepo $ Git.configGet ("annex." ++ key) def
+	fromRepo $ Git.configGet (remoteConfig r key) def'
 
 remoteConfig :: Git.Repo -> ConfigKey -> String
 remoteConfig r key = "remote." ++ fromMaybe "" (Git.repoRemoteName r) ++ ".annex-" ++ key
@@ -87,7 +85,5 @@ getNumCopies v =
 	Annex.getState Annex.forcenumcopies >>= maybe (use v) (return . id)
 	where
 		use (Just n) = return n
-		use Nothing = do
-			g <- gitRepo
-			return $ read $ Git.configGet g config "1"
+		use Nothing = read <$> fromRepo (Git.configGet config "1")
 		config = "annex.numcopies"
diff --git a/Git.hs b/Git.hs
index b05c3b2d5..6fb6e8361 100644
--- a/Git.hs
+++ b/Git.hs
@@ -188,13 +188,13 @@ repoRemoteName Repo { remoteName = Just name } = Just name
 repoRemoteName _ = Nothing
 
 {- Sets the name of a remote. -}
-repoRemoteNameSet :: Repo -> String -> Repo
-repoRemoteNameSet r n = r { remoteName = Just n }
+repoRemoteNameSet :: String -> Repo -> Repo
+repoRemoteNameSet n r = r { remoteName = Just n }
 
 {- Sets the name of a remote based on the git config key, such as
    "remote.foo.url". -}
-repoRemoteNameFromKey :: Repo -> String -> Repo
-repoRemoteNameFromKey r k = repoRemoteNameSet r basename
+repoRemoteNameFromKey :: String -> Repo -> Repo
+repoRemoteNameFromKey k = repoRemoteNameSet basename
 	where
 		basename = join "." $ reverse $ drop 1 $
 				reverse $ drop 1 $ split "." k
@@ -280,8 +280,8 @@ workTree Repo { location = Unknown } = undefined
  - is itself a symlink). But, if the cwd is "/tmp/repo/subdir",
  - it's best to refer to "../foo".
  -}
-workTreeFile :: Repo -> FilePath -> IO FilePath
-workTreeFile repo@(Repo { location = Dir d }) file = do
+workTreeFile :: FilePath -> Repo -> IO FilePath
+workTreeFile file repo@(Repo { location = Dir d }) = do
 	cwd <- getCurrentDirectory
 	let file' = absfile cwd
 	unless (inrepo file') $
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ workTreeFile repo@(Repo { location = Dir d }) file = do
 		absfile c = fromMaybe file $ secureAbsNormPath c file
 		inrepo f = absrepo `isPrefixOf` f
 		bad = error $ "bad repo" ++ repoDescribe repo
-workTreeFile repo _ = assertLocal repo $ error "internal"
+workTreeFile _ repo = assertLocal repo $ error "internal"
 
 {- Path of an URL repo. -}
 urlPath :: Repo -> String
@@ -350,23 +350,23 @@ urlAuthPart a Repo { location = Url u } = a auth
 urlAuthPart _ repo = assertUrl repo $ error "internal"
 
 {- Constructs a git command line operating on the specified repo. -}
-gitCommandLine :: Repo -> [CommandParam] -> [CommandParam]
-gitCommandLine repo@(Repo { location = Dir _ } ) params =
+gitCommandLine :: [CommandParam] -> Repo -> [CommandParam]
+gitCommandLine params repo@(Repo { location = Dir _ } ) =
 	-- force use of specified repo via --git-dir and --work-tree
 	[ Param ("--git-dir=" ++ gitDir repo)
 	, Param ("--work-tree=" ++ workTree repo)
 	] ++ params
-gitCommandLine repo _ = assertLocal repo $ error "internal"
+gitCommandLine _ repo = assertLocal repo $ error "internal"
 
 {- Runs git in the specified repo. -}
-runBool :: Repo -> String -> [CommandParam] -> IO Bool
-runBool repo subcommand params = assertLocal repo $
-	boolSystem "git" $ gitCommandLine repo $ Param subcommand : params
+runBool :: String -> [CommandParam] -> Repo -> IO Bool
+runBool subcommand params repo = assertLocal repo $
+	boolSystem "git" $ gitCommandLine (Param subcommand : params) repo
 
 {- Runs git in the specified repo, throwing an error if it fails. -}
-run :: Repo -> String -> [CommandParam] -> IO ()
-run repo subcommand params = assertLocal repo $
-	runBool repo subcommand params
+run :: String -> [CommandParam] -> Repo -> IO ()
+run subcommand params repo = assertLocal repo $
+	runBool subcommand params repo
 		>>! error $ "git " ++ show params ++ " failed"
 
 {- Runs a git subcommand and returns its output, lazily. 
@@ -374,26 +374,26 @@ run repo subcommand params = assertLocal repo $
  - Note that this leaves the git process running, and so zombies will
  - result unless reap is called.
  -}
-pipeRead :: Repo -> [CommandParam] -> IO L.ByteString
-pipeRead repo params = assertLocal repo $ do
-	(_, h) <- hPipeFrom "git" $ toCommand $ gitCommandLine repo params
+pipeRead :: [CommandParam] -> Repo -> IO L.ByteString
+pipeRead params repo = assertLocal repo $ do
+	(_, h) <- hPipeFrom "git" $ toCommand $ gitCommandLine params repo
 	hSetBinaryMode h True
 	L.hGetContents h
 
 {- Runs a git subcommand, feeding it input.
  - You should call either getProcessStatus or forceSuccess on the PipeHandle. -}
-pipeWrite :: Repo -> [CommandParam] -> L.ByteString -> IO PipeHandle
-pipeWrite repo params s = assertLocal repo $ do
-	(p, h) <- hPipeTo "git" (toCommand $ gitCommandLine repo params)
+pipeWrite :: [CommandParam] -> L.ByteString -> Repo -> IO PipeHandle
+pipeWrite params s repo = assertLocal repo $ do
+	(p, h) <- hPipeTo "git" (toCommand $ gitCommandLine params repo)
 	L.hPut h s
 	hClose h
 	return p
 
 {- Runs a git subcommand, feeding it input, and returning its output.
  - You should call either getProcessStatus or forceSuccess on the PipeHandle. -}
-pipeWriteRead :: Repo -> [CommandParam] -> L.ByteString -> IO (PipeHandle, L.ByteString)
-pipeWriteRead repo params s = assertLocal repo $ do
-	(p, from, to) <- hPipeBoth "git" (toCommand $ gitCommandLine repo params)
+pipeWriteRead :: [CommandParam] -> L.ByteString -> Repo -> IO (PipeHandle, L.ByteString)
+pipeWriteRead params s repo = assertLocal repo $ do
+	(p, from, to) <- hPipeBoth "git" (toCommand $ gitCommandLine params repo)
 	hSetBinaryMode from True
 	L.hPut to s
 	hClose to
@@ -402,13 +402,13 @@ pipeWriteRead repo params s = assertLocal repo $ do
 
 {- Reads null terminated output of a git command (as enabled by the -z 
  - parameter), and splits it. -}
-pipeNullSplit :: Repo -> [CommandParam] -> IO [String]
-pipeNullSplit repo params = map L.unpack <$> pipeNullSplitB repo params
+pipeNullSplit :: [CommandParam] -> Repo -> IO [String]
+pipeNullSplit params repo = map L.unpack <$> pipeNullSplitB params repo
 
 {- For when Strings are not needed. -}
-pipeNullSplitB :: Repo -> [CommandParam] -> IO [L.ByteString]
-pipeNullSplitB repo params = filter (not . L.null) . L.split '\0' <$>
-	pipeRead repo params
+pipeNullSplitB ::[CommandParam] -> Repo -> IO [L.ByteString]
+pipeNullSplitB params repo = filter (not . L.null) . L.split '\0' <$>
+	pipeRead params repo
 
 {- Reaps any zombie git processes. -}
 reap :: IO ()
@@ -448,15 +448,15 @@ shaSize = 40
 
 {- Commits the index into the specified branch, 
  - with the specified parent refs. -}
-commit :: Repo -> String -> String -> [String] -> IO ()
-commit g message newref parentrefs = do
+commit :: String -> String -> [String] -> Repo -> IO ()
+commit message newref parentrefs repo = do
 	tree <- getSha "write-tree" $ asString $
-		pipeRead g [Param "write-tree"]
+		pipeRead [Param "write-tree"] repo
 	sha <- getSha "commit-tree" $ asString $
-		ignorehandle $ pipeWriteRead g
+		ignorehandle $ pipeWriteRead
 			(map Param $ ["commit-tree", tree] ++ ps)
-			(L.pack message)
-	run g "update-ref" [Param newref, Param sha]
+			(L.pack message) repo
+	run "update-ref" [Param newref, Param sha] repo
 	where
 		ignorehandle a = snd <$> a
 		asString a = L.unpack <$> a
@@ -478,13 +478,13 @@ configRead r = assertLocal r $ error "internal"
 hConfigRead :: Repo -> Handle -> IO Repo
 hConfigRead repo h = do
 	val <- hGetContentsStrict h
-	configStore repo val
+	configStore val repo
 
 {- Stores a git config into a repo, returning the new version of the repo.
  - The git config may be multiple lines, or a single line. Config settings
  - can be updated inrementally. -}
-configStore :: Repo -> String -> IO Repo
-configStore repo s = do
+configStore :: String -> Repo -> IO Repo
+configStore s repo = do
 	let repo' = repo { config = configParse s `M.union` config repo }
 	rs <- configRemotes repo'
 	return $ repo' { remotes = rs }
@@ -507,13 +507,11 @@ configRemotes repo = mapM construct remotepairs
 		filterkeys f = filterconfig (\(k,_) -> f k)
 		remotepairs = filterkeys isremote
 		isremote k = startswith "remote." k && endswith ".url" k
-		construct (k,v) = do
-			r <- genRemote repo v
-			return $ repoRemoteNameFromKey r k
+		construct (k,v) = repoRemoteNameFromKey k <$> genRemote v repo
 
 {- Generates one of a repo's remotes using a given location (ie, an url). -}
-genRemote :: Repo -> String -> IO Repo
-genRemote repo = gen . calcloc
+genRemote :: String -> Repo -> IO Repo
+genRemote s repo = gen $ calcloc s
 	where
 		filterconfig f = filter f $ M.toList $ config repo
 		gen v	
@@ -549,8 +547,8 @@ configTrue :: String -> Bool
 configTrue s = map toLower s == "true"
 
 {- Returns a single git config setting, or a default value if not set. -}
-configGet :: Repo -> String -> String -> String
-configGet repo key defaultValue = 
+configGet :: String -> String -> Repo -> String
+configGet key defaultValue repo = 
 	M.findWithDefault defaultValue key (config repo)
 
 {- Access to raw config Map -}
@@ -558,8 +556,8 @@ configMap :: Repo -> M.Map String String
 configMap = config
 
 {- Efficiently looks up a gitattributes value for each file in a list. -}
-checkAttr :: Repo -> String -> [FilePath] -> IO [(FilePath, String)]
-checkAttr repo attr files = do
+checkAttr :: String -> [FilePath] -> Repo -> IO [(FilePath, String)]
+checkAttr attr files repo = do
 	-- git check-attr needs relative filenames input; it will choke
 	-- on some absolute filenames. This also means it will output
 	-- all relative filenames.
@@ -574,7 +572,11 @@ checkAttr repo attr files = do
         hClose toh
 	(map topair . lines) <$> hGetContents fromh
 	where
-		params = gitCommandLine repo [Param "check-attr", Param attr, Params "-z --stdin"]
+		params = gitCommandLine 
+				[ Param "check-attr"
+				, Param attr
+				, Params "-z --stdin"
+				] repo
 		topair l = (file, value)
 			where 
 				file = decodeGitFile $ join sep $ take end bits
diff --git a/Git/CatFile.hs b/Git/CatFile.hs
index 64857c66a..51fa585a8 100644
--- a/Git/CatFile.hs
+++ b/Git/CatFile.hs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ type CatFileHandle = (PipeHandle, Handle, Handle)
 {- Starts git cat-file running in batch mode in a repo and returns a handle. -}
 catFileStart :: Repo -> IO CatFileHandle
 catFileStart repo = hPipeBoth "git" $ toCommand $
-	Git.gitCommandLine repo [Param "cat-file", Param "--batch"]
+	Git.gitCommandLine [Param "cat-file", Param "--batch"] repo
 
 {- Stops git cat-file. -}
 catFileStop :: CatFileHandle -> IO ()
diff --git a/Git/LsFiles.hs b/Git/LsFiles.hs
index 28e007a4d..bceee26fc 100644
--- a/Git/LsFiles.hs
+++ b/Git/LsFiles.hs
@@ -19,51 +19,52 @@ import Git
 import Utility.SafeCommand
 
 {- Scans for files that are checked into git at the specified locations. -}
-inRepo :: Repo -> [FilePath] -> IO [FilePath]
-inRepo repo l = pipeNullSplit repo $ Params "ls-files --cached -z --" : map File l
+inRepo :: [FilePath] -> Repo -> IO [FilePath]
+inRepo l repo = pipeNullSplit (Params "ls-files --cached -z --" : map File l) repo
 
 {- Scans for files at the specified locations that are not checked into git. -}
-notInRepo :: Repo -> Bool -> [FilePath] -> IO [FilePath]
-notInRepo repo include_ignored l = pipeNullSplit repo $
-		[Params "ls-files --others"] ++ exclude ++
-		[Params "-z --"] ++ map File l
+notInRepo :: Bool -> [FilePath] -> Repo -> IO [FilePath]
+notInRepo include_ignored l repo = pipeNullSplit params repo
 	where
+		params = [Params "ls-files --others"] ++ exclude ++
+			[Params "-z --"] ++ map File l
 		exclude
 			| include_ignored = []
 			| otherwise = [Param "--exclude-standard"]
 
 {- Returns a list of all files that are staged for commit. -}
-staged :: Repo -> [FilePath] -> IO [FilePath]
-staged repo l = staged' repo l []
+staged :: [FilePath] -> Repo -> IO [FilePath]
+staged = staged' []
 
 {- Returns a list of the files, staged for commit, that are being added,
  - moved, or changed (but not deleted), from the specified locations. -}
-stagedNotDeleted :: Repo -> [FilePath] -> IO [FilePath]
-stagedNotDeleted repo l = staged' repo l [Param "--diff-filter=ACMRT"]
+stagedNotDeleted :: [FilePath] -> Repo -> IO [FilePath]
+stagedNotDeleted = staged' [Param "--diff-filter=ACMRT"]
 
-staged' :: Repo -> [FilePath] -> [CommandParam] -> IO [FilePath]
-staged' repo l middle = pipeNullSplit repo $ start ++ middle ++ end
+staged' :: [CommandParam] -> [FilePath] -> Repo -> IO [FilePath]
+staged' middle l = pipeNullSplit $ start ++ middle ++ end
 	where
 		start = [Params "diff --cached --name-only -z"]
 		end = Param "--" : map File l
 
 {- Returns a list of files that have unstaged changes. -}
-changedUnstaged :: Repo -> [FilePath] -> IO [FilePath]
-changedUnstaged repo l = pipeNullSplit repo $
-	Params "diff --name-only -z --" : map File l
+changedUnstaged :: [FilePath] -> Repo -> IO [FilePath]
+changedUnstaged l = pipeNullSplit params
+	where
+		params = Params "diff --name-only -z --" : map File l
 
 {- Returns a list of the files in the specified locations that are staged
  - for commit, and whose type has changed. -}
-typeChangedStaged :: Repo -> [FilePath] -> IO [FilePath]
-typeChangedStaged repo l = typeChanged' repo l [Param "--cached"]
+typeChangedStaged :: [FilePath] -> Repo -> IO [FilePath]
+typeChangedStaged = typeChanged' [Param "--cached"]
 
 {- Returns a list of the files in the specified locations whose type has
  - changed.  Files only staged for commit will not be included. -}
-typeChanged :: Repo -> [FilePath] -> IO [FilePath]
-typeChanged repo l = typeChanged' repo l []
+typeChanged :: [FilePath] -> Repo -> IO [FilePath]
+typeChanged = typeChanged' []
 
-typeChanged' :: Repo -> [FilePath] -> [CommandParam] -> IO [FilePath]
-typeChanged' repo l middle = pipeNullSplit repo $ start ++ middle ++ end
+typeChanged' :: [CommandParam] -> [FilePath] -> Repo -> IO [FilePath]
+typeChanged' middle l = pipeNullSplit $ start ++ middle ++ end
 	where
 		start = [Params "diff --name-only --diff-filter=T -z"]
 		end = Param "--" : map File l
diff --git a/Git/LsTree.hs b/Git/LsTree.hs
index c072ef5be..1fcdf13ed 100644
--- a/Git/LsTree.hs
+++ b/Git/LsTree.hs
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ data TreeItem = TreeItem
 	} deriving Show
 
 {- Lists the contents of a Treeish -}
-lsTree :: Repo -> Treeish -> IO [TreeItem]
-lsTree repo t = map parseLsTree <$>
-	pipeNullSplitB repo [Params "ls-tree --full-tree -z -r --", File t]
+lsTree :: Treeish -> Repo -> IO [TreeItem]
+lsTree t repo = map parseLsTree <$>
+	pipeNullSplitB [Params "ls-tree --full-tree -z -r --", File t] repo
 
 {- Parses a line of ls-tree output.
  - (The --long format is not currently supported.) -}
diff --git a/Git/Queue.hs b/Git/Queue.hs
index 25b9ffad0..70c766d04 100644
--- a/Git/Queue.hs
+++ b/Git/Queue.hs
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ full :: Queue -> Bool
 full (Queue n _) = n > maxSize
 
 {- Runs a queue on a git repository. -}
-flush :: Repo -> Queue -> IO Queue
-flush repo (Queue _ m) = do
+flush :: Queue -> Repo -> IO Queue
+flush (Queue _ m) repo = do
 	forM_ (M.toList m) $ uncurry $ runAction repo
 	return empty
 
@@ -87,6 +87,6 @@ runAction :: Repo -> Action -> [FilePath] -> IO ()
 runAction repo action files =
 	pOpen WriteToPipe "xargs" ("-0":"git":params) feedxargs
 	where
-		params = toCommand $ gitCommandLine repo
-			(Param (getSubcommand action):getParams action)
+		params = toCommand $ gitCommandLine
+			(Param (getSubcommand action):getParams action) repo
 		feedxargs h = hPutStr h $ join "\0" files
diff --git a/Git/UnionMerge.hs b/Git/UnionMerge.hs
index 859a66ca0..32966c846 100644
--- a/Git/UnionMerge.hs
+++ b/Git/UnionMerge.hs
@@ -27,24 +27,25 @@ import Git
  -
  - Should be run with a temporary index file configured by Git.useIndex.
  -}
-merge :: Repo -> String -> String -> IO ()
-merge g x y = do
-	a <- ls_tree g x
-	b <- merge_trees g x y
-	update_index g (a++b)
+merge :: String -> String -> Repo -> IO ()
+merge x y repo = do
+	a <- ls_tree x repo
+	b <- merge_trees x y repo
+	update_index repo (a++b)
 
 {- Merges a list of branches into the index. Previously staged changed in
  - the index are preserved (and participate in the merge). -}
 merge_index :: Repo -> [String] -> IO ()
-merge_index g bs = update_index g =<< concat <$> mapM (merge_tree_index g) bs
+merge_index repo bs =
+	update_index repo =<< concat <$> mapM (\b -> merge_tree_index b repo) bs
 
 {- Feeds a list into update-index. Later items in the list can override
  - earlier ones, so the list can be generated from any combination of
  - ls_tree, merge_trees, and merge_tree_index. -}
 update_index :: Repo -> [String] -> IO ()
-update_index g l = togit ["update-index", "-z", "--index-info"] (join "\0" l)
+update_index repo l = togit ["update-index", "-z", "--index-info"] (join "\0" l)
 	where
-		togit ps content = pipeWrite g (map Param ps) (L.pack content)
+		togit ps content = pipeWrite (map Param ps) (L.pack content) repo
 			>>= forceSuccess
 
 {- Generates a line suitable to be fed into update-index, to add
@@ -53,27 +54,28 @@ update_index_line :: String -> FilePath -> String
 update_index_line sha file = "100644 blob " ++ sha ++ "\t" ++ file
 
 {- Gets the contents of a tree in a format suitable for update_index. -}
-ls_tree :: Repo -> String -> IO [String]
-ls_tree g x = pipeNullSplit g $ 
-	map Param ["ls-tree", "-z", "-r", "--full-tree", x]
+ls_tree :: String -> Repo -> IO [String]
+ls_tree x = pipeNullSplit params
+	where
+		params = map Param ["ls-tree", "-z", "-r", "--full-tree", x]
 
 {- For merging two trees. -}
-merge_trees :: Repo -> String -> String -> IO [String]
-merge_trees g x y = calc_merge g $ "diff-tree":diff_opts ++ [x, y]
+merge_trees :: String -> String -> Repo -> IO [String]
+merge_trees x y = calc_merge $ "diff-tree":diff_opts ++ [x, y]
 
 {- For merging a single tree into the index. -}
-merge_tree_index :: Repo -> String -> IO [String]
-merge_tree_index g x = calc_merge g $ "diff-index":diff_opts ++ ["--cached", x]
+merge_tree_index :: String -> Repo -> IO [String]
+merge_tree_index x = calc_merge $ "diff-index":diff_opts ++ ["--cached", x]
 
 diff_opts :: [String]
 diff_opts = ["--raw", "-z", "-r", "--no-renames", "-l0"]
 
 {- Calculates how to perform a merge, using git to get a raw diff,
  - and returning a list suitable for update_index. -}
-calc_merge :: Repo -> [String] -> IO [String]
-calc_merge g differ = do
-	diff <- pipeNullSplit g $ map Param differ
-	l <- mapM (mergeFile g) (pairs diff)
+calc_merge :: [String] -> Repo -> IO [String]
+calc_merge differ repo = do
+	diff <- pipeNullSplit (map Param differ) repo
+	l <- mapM (\p -> mergeFile p repo) (pairs diff)
 	return $ catMaybes l
 	where
 		pairs [] = []
@@ -81,9 +83,9 @@ calc_merge g differ = do
 		pairs (a:b:rest) = (a,b):pairs rest
 
 {- Injects some content into git, returning its hash. -}
-hashObject :: Repo -> L.ByteString -> IO String
-hashObject repo content = getSha subcmd $ do
-	(h, s) <- pipeWriteRead repo (map Param params) content
+hashObject :: L.ByteString -> Repo -> IO String
+hashObject content repo = getSha subcmd $ do
+	(h, s) <- pipeWriteRead (map Param params) content repo
 	L.length s `seq` do
 		forceSuccess h
 		reap -- XXX unsure why this is needed
@@ -95,13 +97,13 @@ hashObject repo content = getSha subcmd $ do
 {- Given an info line from a git raw diff, and the filename, generates
  - a line suitable for update_index that union merges the two sides of the
  - diff. -}
-mergeFile :: Repo -> (String, FilePath) -> IO (Maybe String)
-mergeFile g (info, file) = case filter (/= nullsha) [asha, bsha] of
+mergeFile :: (String, FilePath) -> Repo -> IO (Maybe String)
+mergeFile (info, file) repo = case filter (/= nullsha) [asha, bsha] of
 	[] -> return Nothing
 	(sha:[]) -> return $ Just $ update_index_line sha file
 	shas -> do
-		content <- pipeRead g $ map Param ("show":shas)
-		sha <- hashObject g $ unionmerge content
+		content <- pipeRead (map Param ("show":shas)) repo
+		sha <- hashObject (unionmerge content) repo
 		return $ Just $ update_index_line sha file
 	where
 		[_colonamode, _bmode, asha, bsha, _status] = words info
diff --git a/GitAnnex.hs b/GitAnnex.hs
index 399b26ef7..f416b7bea 100644
--- a/GitAnnex.hs
+++ b/GitAnnex.hs
@@ -116,9 +116,8 @@ options = commonOptions ++
 		setnumcopies v = Annex.changeState $ \s -> s {Annex.forcenumcopies = readMaybe v }
 		setgitconfig :: String -> Annex ()
 		setgitconfig v = do
-			g <- gitRepo
-			g' <- liftIO $ Git.configStore g v
-			Annex.changeState $ \s -> s { Annex.repo = g' }
+			newg <- inRepo $ Git.configStore v
+			Annex.changeState $ \s -> s { Annex.repo = newg }
 
 header :: String
 header = "Usage: git-annex command [option ..]"
diff --git a/Init.hs b/Init.hs
index 8cec98c5f..d03e10031 100644
--- a/Init.hs
+++ b/Init.hs
@@ -68,12 +68,10 @@ gitPreCommitHookUnWrite = unlessBare $ do
 				" Edit it to remove call to git annex."
 
 unlessBare :: Annex () -> Annex ()
-unlessBare = unlessM $ Git.repoIsLocalBare <$> gitRepo
+unlessBare = unlessM $ fromRepo $ Git.repoIsLocalBare
 
 preCommitHook :: Annex FilePath
-preCommitHook = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	return $ Git.gitDir g ++ "/hooks/pre-commit"
+preCommitHook = (</>) <$> fromRepo Git.gitDir <*> pure "hooks/pre-commit"
 
 preCommitScript :: String
 preCommitScript = 
diff --git a/Locations.hs b/Locations.hs
index ceb6246b9..83897f488 100644
--- a/Locations.hs
+++ b/Locations.hs
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ annexLocation key = objectDir </> hashDirMixed key </> f </> f
 		f = keyFile key
 
 {- Annexed file's absolute location in a repository. -}
-gitAnnexLocation :: Git.Repo -> Key -> FilePath
-gitAnnexLocation r key
+gitAnnexLocation :: Key -> Git.Repo -> FilePath
+gitAnnexLocation key r
 	| Git.repoIsLocalBare r = Git.workTree r </> annexLocation key
 	| otherwise = Git.workTree r </> ".git" </> annexLocation key
 
@@ -88,16 +88,16 @@ gitAnnexTmpDir :: Git.Repo -> FilePath
 gitAnnexTmpDir r = addTrailingPathSeparator $ gitAnnexDir r </> "tmp"
 
 {- The temp file to use for a given key. -}
-gitAnnexTmpLocation :: Git.Repo -> Key -> FilePath
-gitAnnexTmpLocation r key = gitAnnexTmpDir r </> keyFile key
+gitAnnexTmpLocation :: Key -> Git.Repo -> FilePath
+gitAnnexTmpLocation key r = gitAnnexTmpDir r </> keyFile key
 
 {- .git/annex/bad/ is used for bad files found during fsck -}
 gitAnnexBadDir :: Git.Repo -> FilePath
 gitAnnexBadDir r = addTrailingPathSeparator $ gitAnnexDir r </> "bad"
 
 {- The bad file to use for a given key. -}
-gitAnnexBadLocation :: Git.Repo -> Key -> FilePath
-gitAnnexBadLocation r key = gitAnnexBadDir r </> keyFile key
+gitAnnexBadLocation :: Key -> Git.Repo -> FilePath
+gitAnnexBadLocation key r = gitAnnexBadDir r </> keyFile key
 
 {- .git/annex/*unused is used to number possibly unused keys -}
 gitAnnexUnusedLog :: FilePath -> Git.Repo -> FilePath
diff --git a/Remote.hs b/Remote.hs
index 6d55cee24..82af21bde 100644
--- a/Remote.hs
+++ b/Remote.hs
@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ nameToUUID n = byName' n >>= go
  - of the UUIDs. -}
 prettyPrintUUIDs :: String -> [UUID] -> Annex String
 prettyPrintUUIDs desc uuids = do
-	here <- getUUID
+	hereu <- getUUID
 	m <- M.unionWith addname <$> uuidMap <*> remoteMap
-	maybeShowJSON [(desc, map (jsonify m here) uuids)]
-	return $ unwords $ map (\u -> "\t" ++ prettify m here u ++ "\n") uuids
+	maybeShowJSON [(desc, map (jsonify m hereu) uuids)]
+	return $ unwords $ map (\u -> "\t" ++ prettify m hereu u ++ "\n") uuids
 	where
 		addname d n
 			| d == n = d
@@ -141,20 +141,20 @@ prettyPrintUUIDs desc uuids = do
 			| otherwise = n ++ " (" ++ d ++ ")"
 		remoteMap = M.fromList . map (\r -> (uuid r, name r)) <$> genList
 		findlog m u = M.findWithDefault "" u m
-		prettify m here u
+		prettify m hereu u
 			| not (null d) = fromUUID u ++ " -- " ++ d
 			| otherwise = fromUUID u
 			where
-				ishere = here == u
+				ishere = hereu == u
 				n = findlog m u
 				d
 					| null n && ishere = "here"
 					| ishere = addname n "here"
 					| otherwise = n
-		jsonify m here u = toJSObject
+		jsonify m hereu u = toJSObject
 			[ ("uuid", toJSON $ fromUUID u)
 			, ("description", toJSON $ findlog m u)
-			, ("here", toJSON $ here == u)
+			, ("here", toJSON $ hereu == u)
 			]
 
 {- Filters a list of remotes to ones that have the listed uuids. -}
diff --git a/Remote/Bup.hs b/Remote/Bup.hs
index 3e621ce56..b8d7cd317 100644
--- a/Remote/Bup.hs
+++ b/Remote/Bup.hs
@@ -102,15 +102,13 @@ bupSplitParams r buprepo k src = do
 
 store :: Git.Repo -> BupRepo -> Key -> Annex Bool
 store r buprepo k = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let src = gitAnnexLocation g k
+	src <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation k
 	params <- bupSplitParams r buprepo k (File src)
 	liftIO $ boolSystem "bup" params
 
 storeEncrypted :: Git.Repo -> BupRepo -> (Cipher, Key) -> Key -> Annex Bool
 storeEncrypted r buprepo (cipher, enck) k = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let src = gitAnnexLocation g k
+	src <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation k
 	params <- bupSplitParams r buprepo enck (Param "-")
 	liftIO $ catchBool $
 		withEncryptedHandle cipher (L.readFile src) $ \h ->
@@ -147,7 +145,7 @@ checkPresent r bupr k
 		showAction $ "checking " ++ Git.repoDescribe r
 		ok <- onBupRemote bupr boolSystem "git" params
 		return $ Right ok
-	| otherwise = liftIO $ try $ boolSystem "git" $ Git.gitCommandLine bupr params
+	| otherwise = liftIO $ try $ boolSystem "git" $ Git.gitCommandLine params bupr
 	where
 		params = 
 			[ Params "show-ref --quiet --verify"
@@ -165,9 +163,10 @@ storeBupUUID u buprepo = do
 					>>! error "ssh failed"
 		else liftIO $ do
 			r' <- Git.configRead r
-			let olduuid = Git.configGet r' "annex.uuid" ""
-			when (olduuid == "") $ Git.run r' "config"
-				[Param "annex.uuid", Param v]
+			let olduuid = Git.configGet "annex.uuid" "" r'
+			when (olduuid == "") $
+				Git.run "config"
+					[Param "annex.uuid", Param v] r'
 	where
 		v = fromUUID u
 
@@ -194,7 +193,7 @@ getBupUUID r u
 	| otherwise = liftIO $ do
 		ret <- try $ Git.configRead r
 		case ret of
-			Right r' -> return (toUUID $ Git.configGet r' "annex.uuid" "", r')
+			Right r' -> return (toUUID $ Git.configGet "annex.uuid" "" r', r')
 			Left _ -> return (NoUUID, r)
 
 {- Converts a bup remote path spec into a Git.Repo. There are some
diff --git a/Remote/Directory.hs b/Remote/Directory.hs
index e8cf05a0e..8e306e228 100644
--- a/Remote/Directory.hs
+++ b/Remote/Directory.hs
@@ -70,15 +70,13 @@ dirKey d k = d </> hashDirMixed k </> f </> f
 
 store :: FilePath -> Key -> Annex Bool
 store d k = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let src = gitAnnexLocation g k
+	src <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation k
 	let dest = dirKey d k
 	liftIO $ catchBool $ storeHelper dest $ copyFileExternal src dest
 
 storeEncrypted :: FilePath -> (Cipher, Key) -> Key -> Annex Bool
 storeEncrypted d (cipher, enck) k = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let src = gitAnnexLocation g k
+	src <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation k
 	let dest = dirKey d enck
 	liftIO $ catchBool $ storeHelper dest $ encrypt src dest
 	where
diff --git a/Remote/Git.hs b/Remote/Git.hs
index 4c76e8ce6..75f0ac757 100644
--- a/Remote/Git.hs
+++ b/Remote/Git.hs
@@ -35,19 +35,16 @@ remote = RemoteType {
 
 list :: Annex [Git.Repo]
 list = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let c = Git.configMap g
-	mapM (tweakurl c) $ Git.remotes g
+	c <- fromRepo Git.configMap
+	mapM (tweakurl c) =<< fromRepo Git.remotes
 	where
 		annexurl n = "remote." ++ n ++ ".annexurl"
 		tweakurl c r = do
 			let n = fromJust $ Git.repoRemoteName r
 			case M.lookup (annexurl n) c of
 				Nothing -> return r
-				Just url -> do
-					g <- gitRepo
-					r' <- liftIO $ Git.genRemote g url
-					return $ Git.repoRemoteNameSet r' n
+				Just url -> Git.repoRemoteNameSet n <$>
+					inRepo (Git.genRemote url)
 
 gen :: Git.Repo -> UUID -> Maybe RemoteConfig -> Annex (Remote Annex)
 gen r u _ = do
@@ -178,7 +175,7 @@ copyFromRemote :: Git.Repo -> Key -> FilePath -> Annex Bool
 copyFromRemote r key file
 	| not $ Git.repoIsUrl r = do
 		params <- rsyncParams r
-		rsyncOrCopyFile params (gitAnnexLocation r key) file
+		rsyncOrCopyFile params (gitAnnexLocation key r) file
 	| Git.repoIsSsh r = rsyncHelper =<< rsyncParamsRemote r True key file
 	| Git.repoIsHttp r = liftIO $ Url.download (keyUrl r key) file
 	| otherwise = error "copying from non-ssh, non-http repo not supported"
@@ -187,8 +184,7 @@ copyFromRemote r key file
 copyToRemote :: Git.Repo -> Key -> Annex Bool
 copyToRemote r key
 	| not $ Git.repoIsUrl r = do
-		g <- gitRepo
-		let keysrc = gitAnnexLocation g key
+		keysrc <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation key
 		params <- rsyncParams r
 		-- run copy from perspective of remote
 		liftIO $ onLocal r $ do
@@ -197,8 +193,7 @@ copyToRemote r key
 			Annex.Content.saveState
 			return ok
 	| Git.repoIsSsh r = do
-		g <- gitRepo
-		let keysrc = gitAnnexLocation g key
+		keysrc <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation key
 		rsyncHelper =<< rsyncParamsRemote r False key keysrc
 	| otherwise = error "copying to non-ssh repo not supported"
 
diff --git a/Remote/Helper/Special.hs b/Remote/Helper/Special.hs
index 38f24eb37..6cea17034 100644
--- a/Remote/Helper/Special.hs
+++ b/Remote/Helper/Special.hs
@@ -23,16 +23,16 @@ findSpecialRemotes s = do
 	return $ map construct $ remotepairs g
 	where
 		remotepairs r = M.toList $ M.filterWithKey match $ Git.configMap r
-		construct (k,_) = Git.repoRemoteNameFromKey Git.repoFromUnknown k
+		construct (k,_) = Git.repoRemoteNameFromKey k Git.repoFromUnknown
 		match k _ = startswith "remote." k && endswith (".annex-"++s) k
 
 {- Sets up configuration for a special remote in .git/config. -}
 gitConfigSpecialRemote :: UUID -> RemoteConfig -> String -> String -> Annex ()
 gitConfigSpecialRemote u c k v = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	liftIO $ do
-		Git.run g "config" [Param (configsetting $ "annex-"++k), Param v]
-		Git.run g "config" [Param (configsetting "annex-uuid"), Param $ fromUUID u]
+	set ("annex-"++k) v
+	set ("annex-uuid") (fromUUID u)
 	where
+		set a b = inRepo $ Git.run "config"
+			[Param (configsetting a), Param b]
 		remotename = fromJust (M.lookup "name" c)
 		configsetting s = "remote." ++ remotename ++ "." ++ s
diff --git a/Remote/Hook.hs b/Remote/Hook.hs
index 8b6a6cecf..06568a3cb 100644
--- a/Remote/Hook.hs
+++ b/Remote/Hook.hs
@@ -98,14 +98,13 @@ runHook hooktype hook k f a = maybe (return False) run =<< lookupHook hooktype h
 
 store :: String -> Key -> Annex Bool
 store h k = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	runHook h "store" k (Just $ gitAnnexLocation g k) $ return True
+	src <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation k
+	runHook h "store" k (Just src) $ return True
 
 storeEncrypted :: String -> (Cipher, Key) -> Key -> Annex Bool
 storeEncrypted h (cipher, enck) k = withTmp enck $ \tmp -> do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let f = gitAnnexLocation g k
-	liftIO $ withEncryptedContent cipher (L.readFile f) $ \s -> L.writeFile tmp s
+	src <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation k
+	liftIO $ withEncryptedContent cipher (L.readFile src) $ L.writeFile tmp
 	runHook h "store" enck (Just tmp) $ return True
 
 retrieve :: String -> Key -> FilePath -> Annex Bool
diff --git a/Remote/Rsync.hs b/Remote/Rsync.hs
index e79762a38..0dfad7293 100644
--- a/Remote/Rsync.hs
+++ b/Remote/Rsync.hs
@@ -90,15 +90,12 @@ rsyncKeyDir :: RsyncOpts -> Key -> String
 rsyncKeyDir o k = rsyncUrl o </> hashDirMixed k </> shellEscape (keyFile k)
 
 store :: RsyncOpts -> Key -> Annex Bool
-store o k = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	rsyncSend o k (gitAnnexLocation g k)
+store o k = rsyncSend o k =<< fromRepo (gitAnnexLocation k)
 
 storeEncrypted :: RsyncOpts -> (Cipher, Key) -> Key -> Annex Bool
 storeEncrypted o (cipher, enck) k = withTmp enck $ \tmp -> do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let f = gitAnnexLocation g k
-	liftIO $ withEncryptedContent cipher (L.readFile f) $ \s -> L.writeFile tmp s
+	src <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation k
+	liftIO $ withEncryptedContent cipher (L.readFile src) $ L.writeFile tmp
 	rsyncSend o enck tmp
 
 retrieve :: RsyncOpts -> Key -> FilePath -> Annex Bool
@@ -151,9 +148,9 @@ partialParams = Params "--no-inplace --partial --partial-dir=.rsync-partial"
  - up trees for rsync. -}
 withRsyncScratchDir :: (FilePath -> Annex Bool) -> Annex Bool
 withRsyncScratchDir a = do
-	g <- gitRepo
 	pid <- liftIO getProcessID
-	let tmp = gitAnnexTmpDir g </> "rsynctmp" </> show pid
+	t <- fromRepo gitAnnexTmpDir
+	let tmp = t </> "rsynctmp" </> show pid
 	nuke tmp
 	liftIO $ createDirectoryIfMissing True tmp
 	res <- a tmp
diff --git a/Remote/S3real.hs b/Remote/S3real.hs
index 1281c2786..b201b5aad 100644
--- a/Remote/S3real.hs
+++ b/Remote/S3real.hs
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ s3Setup u c = handlehost $ M.lookup "host" c
 
 store :: Remote Annex -> Key -> Annex Bool
 store r k = s3Action r False $ \(conn, bucket) -> do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	res <- liftIO $ storeHelper (conn, bucket) r k $ gitAnnexLocation g k
+	dest <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation k
+	res <- liftIO $ storeHelper (conn, bucket) r k dest
 	s3Bool res
 
 storeEncrypted :: Remote Annex -> (Cipher, Key) -> Key -> Annex Bool
@@ -121,8 +121,7 @@ storeEncrypted r (cipher, enck) k = s3Action r False $ \(conn, bucket) ->
 	-- To get file size of the encrypted content, have to use a temp file.
 	-- (An alternative would be chunking to to a constant size.)
 	withTmp enck $ \tmp -> do
-		g <- gitRepo
-		let f = gitAnnexLocation g k
+		f <- fromRepo $ gitAnnexLocation k
 		liftIO $ withEncryptedContent cipher (L.readFile f) $ \s -> L.writeFile tmp s
 		res <- liftIO $ storeHelper (conn, bucket) r enck tmp
 		s3Bool res
diff --git a/Remote/Web.hs b/Remote/Web.hs
index 393932d47..da7f38472 100644
--- a/Remote/Web.hs
+++ b/Remote/Web.hs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ remote = RemoteType {
 -- (If the web should cease to exist, remove this module and redistribute
 -- a new release to the survivors by carrier pigeon.)
 list :: Annex [Git.Repo]
-list = return [Git.repoRemoteNameSet Git.repoFromUnknown "web"]
+list = return [Git.repoRemoteNameSet "web" Git.repoFromUnknown]
 
 gen :: Git.Repo -> UUID -> Maybe RemoteConfig -> Annex (Remote Annex)
 gen r _ _ = 
diff --git a/Seek.hs b/Seek.hs
index 4ae943157..3c83ebc35 100644
--- a/Seek.hs
+++ b/Seek.hs
@@ -20,16 +20,18 @@ import qualified Git
 import qualified Git.LsFiles as LsFiles
 import qualified Limit
 
+seekHelper :: ([FilePath] -> Git.Repo -> IO [FilePath]) -> [FilePath] -> Annex [FilePath]
+seekHelper a params = do
+	g <- gitRepo
+	liftIO $ runPreserveOrder (\p -> a p g) params
+
 withFilesInGit :: (FilePath -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
-withFilesInGit a params = do
-	repo <- gitRepo
-	prepFiltered a $ liftIO $ runPreserveOrder (LsFiles.inRepo repo) params
+withFilesInGit a params = prepFiltered a $ seekHelper LsFiles.inRepo params
 
 withAttrFilesInGit :: String -> ((FilePath, String) -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
 withAttrFilesInGit attr a params = do
-	repo <- gitRepo
-	files <- liftIO $ runPreserveOrder (LsFiles.inRepo repo) params
-	prepFilteredGen a fst $ liftIO $ Git.checkAttr repo attr files
+	files <- seekHelper LsFiles.inRepo params
+	prepFilteredGen a fst $ inRepo $ Git.checkAttr attr files
 
 withNumCopies :: (FilePath -> Maybe Int -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
 withNumCopies a params = withAttrFilesInGit "annex.numcopies" go params
@@ -38,8 +40,7 @@ withNumCopies a params = withAttrFilesInGit "annex.numcopies" go params
 
 withBackendFilesInGit :: (BackendFile -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
 withBackendFilesInGit a params = do
-	repo <- gitRepo
-	files <- liftIO $ runPreserveOrder (LsFiles.inRepo repo) params
+	files <- seekHelper LsFiles.inRepo params
 	prepBackendPairs a files
 
 withFilesMissing :: (String -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
@@ -49,9 +50,8 @@ withFilesMissing a params = prepFiltered a $ liftIO $ filterM missing params
 
 withFilesNotInGit :: (BackendFile -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
 withFilesNotInGit a params = do
-	repo <- gitRepo
 	force <- Annex.getState Annex.force
-	newfiles <- liftIO $ runPreserveOrder (LsFiles.notInRepo repo force) params
+	newfiles <- seekHelper (LsFiles.notInRepo force) params
 	prepBackendPairs a newfiles
 
 withWords :: ([String] -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
@@ -61,10 +61,8 @@ withStrings :: (String -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
 withStrings a params = return $ map a params
 
 withFilesToBeCommitted :: (String -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
-withFilesToBeCommitted a params = do
-	repo <- gitRepo
-	prepFiltered a $
-		liftIO $ runPreserveOrder (LsFiles.stagedNotDeleted repo) params
+withFilesToBeCommitted a params = prepFiltered a $
+	seekHelper LsFiles.stagedNotDeleted params
 
 withFilesUnlocked :: (BackendFile -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
 withFilesUnlocked = withFilesUnlocked' LsFiles.typeChanged
@@ -72,13 +70,13 @@ withFilesUnlocked = withFilesUnlocked' LsFiles.typeChanged
 withFilesUnlockedToBeCommitted :: (BackendFile -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
 withFilesUnlockedToBeCommitted = withFilesUnlocked' LsFiles.typeChangedStaged
 
-withFilesUnlocked' :: (Git.Repo -> [FilePath] -> IO [FilePath]) -> (BackendFile -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
+withFilesUnlocked' :: ([FilePath] -> Git.Repo -> IO [FilePath]) -> (BackendFile -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
 withFilesUnlocked' typechanged a params = do
 	-- unlocked files have changed type from a symlink to a regular file
-	repo <- gitRepo
-	typechangedfiles <- liftIO $ runPreserveOrder (typechanged repo) params
+	top <- fromRepo $ Git.workTree
+	typechangedfiles <- seekHelper typechanged params
 	unlockedfiles <- liftIO $ filterM notSymlink $
-		map (\f -> Git.workTree repo ++ "/" ++ f) typechangedfiles
+		map (\f -> top ++ "/" ++ f) typechangedfiles
 	prepBackendPairs a unlockedfiles
 
 withKeys :: (Key -> CommandStart) -> CommandSeek
diff --git a/Upgrade/V0.hs b/Upgrade/V0.hs
index b1443fa46..eae5c87ce 100644
--- a/Upgrade/V0.hs
+++ b/Upgrade/V0.hs
@@ -16,10 +16,9 @@ import qualified Upgrade.V1
 upgrade :: Annex Bool
 upgrade = do
 	showAction "v0 to v1"
-	g <- gitRepo
 
 	-- do the reorganisation of the key files
-	let olddir = gitAnnexDir g
+	olddir <- fromRepo gitAnnexDir
 	keys <- getKeysPresent0 olddir
 	forM_ keys $ \k -> moveAnnex k $ olddir </> keyFile0 k
 
diff --git a/Upgrade/V1.hs b/Upgrade/V1.hs
index be9a977ad..fe59ad3da 100644
--- a/Upgrade/V1.hs
+++ b/Upgrade/V1.hs
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ import qualified Upgrade.V2
 upgrade :: Annex Bool
 upgrade = do
 	showAction "v1 to v2"
-
-	g <- gitRepo
-	if Git.repoIsLocalBare g
+	
+	bare <- fromRepo $ Git.repoIsLocalBare
+	if bare
 		then do
 			moveContent
 			setVersion
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ moveContent = do
 updateSymlinks :: Annex ()
 updateSymlinks = do
 	showAction "updating symlinks"
-	g <- gitRepo
-	files <- liftIO $ LsFiles.inRepo g [Git.workTree g]
+	top <- fromRepo Git.workTree
+	files <- inRepo $ LsFiles.inRepo [top]
 	forM_ files fixlink
 	where
 		fixlink f = do
@@ -104,8 +104,7 @@ moveLocationLogs = do
 	forM_ logkeys move
 		where
 			oldlocationlogs = do
-				g <- gitRepo
-				let dir = Upgrade.V2.gitStateDir g
+				dir <- fromRepo Upgrade.V2.gitStateDir
 				exists <- liftIO $ doesDirectoryExist dir
 				if exists
 					then do
@@ -113,9 +112,8 @@ moveLocationLogs = do
 						return $ mapMaybe oldlog2key contents
 					else return []
 			move (l, k) = do
-				g <- gitRepo
-				let dest = logFile2 g k
-				let dir = Upgrade.V2.gitStateDir g
+				dest <- fromRepo $ logFile2 k
+				dir <- fromRepo $ Upgrade.V2.gitStateDir
 				let f = dir </> l
 				liftIO $ createDirectoryIfMissing True (parentDir dest)
 				-- could just git mv, but this way deals with
@@ -206,9 +204,7 @@ lookupFile1 file = do
 					" (unknown backend " ++ bname ++ ")"
 
 getKeyFilesPresent1 :: Annex [FilePath]
-getKeyFilesPresent1  = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	getKeyFilesPresent1' $ gitAnnexObjectDir g
+getKeyFilesPresent1  = getKeyFilesPresent1' =<< fromRepo gitAnnexObjectDir
 getKeyFilesPresent1' :: FilePath -> Annex [FilePath]
 getKeyFilesPresent1' dir = do
 	exists <- liftIO $ doesDirectoryExist dir
@@ -228,11 +224,11 @@ getKeyFilesPresent1' dir = do
 logFile1 :: Git.Repo -> Key -> String
 logFile1 repo key = Upgrade.V2.gitStateDir repo ++ keyFile1 key ++ ".log"
 
-logFile2 :: Git.Repo -> Key -> String
+logFile2 :: Key -> Git.Repo -> String
 logFile2 = logFile' hashDirLower
 
-logFile' :: (Key -> FilePath) -> Git.Repo -> Key -> String
-logFile' hasher repo key =
+logFile' :: (Key -> FilePath) -> Key -> Git.Repo -> String
+logFile' hasher key repo =
 	gitStateDir repo ++ hasher key ++ keyFile key ++ ".log"
 
 stateDir :: FilePath
diff --git a/Upgrade/V2.hs b/Upgrade/V2.hs
index 67f0205c1..7ef2a4d18 100644
--- a/Upgrade/V2.hs
+++ b/Upgrade/V2.hs
@@ -37,45 +37,46 @@ olddir g
 upgrade :: Annex Bool
 upgrade = do
 	showAction "v2 to v3"
-	g <- gitRepo
-	let bare = Git.repoIsLocalBare g
+	bare <- fromRepo Git.repoIsLocalBare
+	old <- fromRepo olddir
 
 	Annex.Branch.create
 	showProgress
 
-	e <- liftIO $ doesDirectoryExist (olddir g)
+	e <- liftIO $ doesDirectoryExist old
 	when e $ do
-		mapM_ (\(k, f) -> inject f $ logFile k) =<< locationLogs g
-		mapM_ (\f -> inject f f) =<< logFiles (olddir g)
+		mapM_ (\(k, f) -> inject f $ logFile k) =<< locationLogs
+		mapM_ (\f -> inject f f) =<< logFiles old
 
 	saveState
 	showProgress
 
-	when e $ liftIO $ do
-		Git.run g "rm" [Param "-r", Param "-f", Param "-q", File (olddir g)]
-		unless bare $ gitAttributesUnWrite g
+	when e $ do
+		inRepo $ Git.run "rm" [Param "-r", Param "-f", Param "-q", File old]
+		unless bare $ inRepo $ gitAttributesUnWrite
 	showProgress
 
 	unless bare push
 
 	return True
 
-locationLogs :: Git.Repo -> Annex [(Key, FilePath)]
-locationLogs repo = liftIO $ do
-	levela <- dirContents dir
-	levelb <- mapM tryDirContents levela
-	files <- mapM tryDirContents (concat levelb)
-	return $ mapMaybe islogfile (concat files)
+locationLogs :: Annex [(Key, FilePath)]
+locationLogs = do
+	dir <- fromRepo gitStateDir
+	liftIO $ do
+		levela <- dirContents dir
+		levelb <- mapM tryDirContents levela
+		files <- mapM tryDirContents (concat levelb)
+		return $ mapMaybe islogfile (concat files)
 	where
 		tryDirContents d = catch (dirContents d) (return . const [])
-		dir = gitStateDir repo
 		islogfile f = maybe Nothing (\k -> Just (k, f)) $
 				logFileKey $ takeFileName f
 
 inject :: FilePath -> FilePath -> Annex ()
 inject source dest = do
-	g <- gitRepo
-	new <- liftIO (readFile $ olddir g </> source)
+	old <- fromRepo olddir
+	new <- liftIO (readFile $ old </> source)
 	Annex.Branch.change dest $ \prev -> 
 		unlines $ nub $ lines prev ++ lines new
 
@@ -102,8 +103,7 @@ push = do
 			Annex.Branch.update -- just in case
 			showAction "pushing new git-annex branch to origin"
 			showOutput
-			g <- gitRepo
-			liftIO $ Git.run g "push" [Param "origin", Param Annex.Branch.name]
+			inRepo $ Git.run "push" [Param "origin", Param Annex.Branch.name]
 		_ -> do
 			-- no origin exists, so just let the user
 			-- know about the new branch
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ gitAttributesUnWrite repo = do
 		c <- readFileStrict attributes
 		liftIO $ viaTmp writeFile attributes $ unlines $
 			filter (`notElem` attrLines) $ lines c
-		Git.run repo "add" [File attributes]
+		Git.run "add" [File attributes] repo
 
 stateDir :: FilePath
 stateDir = addTrailingPathSeparator ".git-annex"
diff --git a/git-union-merge.hs b/git-union-merge.hs
index 0d1d0819d..10ae84217 100644
--- a/git-union-merge.hs
+++ b/git-union-merge.hs
@@ -41,6 +41,6 @@ main = do
 	g <- Git.configRead =<< Git.repoFromCwd
 	_ <- Git.useIndex (tmpIndex g)
 	setup g
-	Git.UnionMerge.merge g aref bref
-	Git.commit g "union merge" newref [aref, bref]
+	Git.UnionMerge.merge aref bref g
+	Git.commit "union merge" newref [aref, bref] g
 	cleanup g