# TensorFlow Python reference documentation * [Building Graphs](framework.md): [class DType](framework.md#DType), [class Dimension](framework.md#Dimension), [class Graph](framework.md#Graph), [class GraphKeys](framework.md#GraphKeys), [NoGradient](framework.md#NoGradient), [class Operation](framework.md#Operation), [class RegisterGradient](framework.md#RegisterGradient), [class RegisterShape](framework.md#RegisterShape), [class Tensor](framework.md#Tensor), [class TensorShape](framework.md#TensorShape), [add_to_collection](framework.md#add_to_collection), [as_dtype](framework.md#as_dtype), [control_dependencies](framework.md#control_dependencies), [convert_to_tensor](framework.md#convert_to_tensor), [device](framework.md#device), [get_collection](framework.md#get_collection), [get_default_graph](framework.md#get_default_graph), [get_seed](framework.md#get_seed), [import_graph_def](framework.md#import_graph_def), [name_scope](framework.md#name_scope), [op_scope](framework.md#op_scope) * [Constants, Sequences, and Random Values](constant_op.md): [constant](constant_op.md#constant), [fill](constant_op.md#fill), [linspace](constant_op.md#linspace), [ones](constant_op.md#ones), [ones_like](constant_op.md#ones_like), [random_normal](constant_op.md#random_normal), [random_shuffle](constant_op.md#random_shuffle), [random_uniform](constant_op.md#random_uniform), [range](constant_op.md#range), [set_random_seed](constant_op.md#set_random_seed), [truncated_normal](constant_op.md#truncated_normal), [zeros](constant_op.md#zeros), [zeros_like](constant_op.md#zeros_like) * [Variables](state_ops.md): [class IndexedSlices](state_ops.md#IndexedSlices), [class Saver](state_ops.md#Saver), [class Variable](state_ops.md#Variable), [all_variables](state_ops.md#all_variables), [assert_variables_initialized](state_ops.md#assert_variables_initialized), [assign](state_ops.md#assign), [assign_add](state_ops.md#assign_add), [assign_sub](state_ops.md#assign_sub), [constant_initializer](state_ops.md#constant_initializer), [count_up_to](state_ops.md#count_up_to), [device](state_ops.md#device), [get_checkpoint_state](state_ops.md#get_checkpoint_state), [get_variable](state_ops.md#get_variable), [get_variable_scope](state_ops.md#get_variable_scope), [initialize_all_variables](state_ops.md#initialize_all_variables), [initialize_variables](state_ops.md#initialize_variables), [latest_checkpoint](state_ops.md#latest_checkpoint), [random_normal_initializer](state_ops.md#random_normal_initializer), [random_uniform_initializer](state_ops.md#random_uniform_initializer), [scatter_add](state_ops.md#scatter_add), [scatter_sub](state_ops.md#scatter_sub), [scatter_update](state_ops.md#scatter_update), [sparse_mask](state_ops.md#sparse_mask), [trainable_variables](state_ops.md#trainable_variables), [truncated_normal_initializer](state_ops.md#truncated_normal_initializer), [uniform_unit_scaling_initializer](state_ops.md#uniform_unit_scaling_initializer), [update_checkpoint_state](state_ops.md#update_checkpoint_state), [variable_scope](state_ops.md#variable_scope), [zeros_initializer](state_ops.md#zeros_initializer) * [Tensor Transformations](array_ops.md): [cast](array_ops.md#cast), [concat](array_ops.md#concat), [dynamic_partition](array_ops.md#dynamic_partition), [dynamic_stitch](array_ops.md#dynamic_stitch), [expand_dims](array_ops.md#expand_dims), [gather](array_ops.md#gather), [pack](array_ops.md#pack), [pad](array_ops.md#pad), [rank](array_ops.md#rank), [reshape](array_ops.md#reshape), [reverse](array_ops.md#reverse), [reverse_sequence](array_ops.md#reverse_sequence), [shape](array_ops.md#shape), [size](array_ops.md#size), [slice](array_ops.md#slice), [split](array_ops.md#split), [squeeze](array_ops.md#squeeze), [string_to_number](array_ops.md#string_to_number), [tile](array_ops.md#tile), [to_bfloat16](array_ops.md#to_bfloat16), [to_double](array_ops.md#to_double), [to_float](array_ops.md#to_float), [to_int32](array_ops.md#to_int32), [to_int64](array_ops.md#to_int64), [transpose](array_ops.md#transpose), [unpack](array_ops.md#unpack) * [Math](math_ops.md): [abs](math_ops.md#abs), [accumulate_n](math_ops.md#accumulate_n), [add](math_ops.md#add), [add_n](math_ops.md#add_n), [argmax](math_ops.md#argmax), [argmin](math_ops.md#argmin), [batch_cholesky](math_ops.md#batch_cholesky), [batch_matmul](math_ops.md#batch_matmul), [batch_matrix_determinant](math_ops.md#batch_matrix_determinant), [batch_matrix_inverse](math_ops.md#batch_matrix_inverse), [ceil](math_ops.md#ceil), [cholesky](math_ops.md#cholesky), [complex](math_ops.md#complex), [complex_abs](math_ops.md#complex_abs), [conj](math_ops.md#conj), [cos](math_ops.md#cos), [diag](math_ops.md#diag), [div](math_ops.md#div), [edit_distance](math_ops.md#edit_distance), [exp](math_ops.md#exp), [floor](math_ops.md#floor), [imag](math_ops.md#imag), [inv](math_ops.md#inv), [invert_permutation](math_ops.md#invert_permutation), [listdiff](math_ops.md#listdiff), [log](math_ops.md#log), [matmul](math_ops.md#matmul), [matrix_determinant](math_ops.md#matrix_determinant), [matrix_inverse](math_ops.md#matrix_inverse), [maximum](math_ops.md#maximum), [minimum](math_ops.md#minimum), [mod](math_ops.md#mod), [mul](math_ops.md#mul), [neg](math_ops.md#neg), [pow](math_ops.md#pow), [real](math_ops.md#real), [reduce_all](math_ops.md#reduce_all), [reduce_any](math_ops.md#reduce_any), [reduce_max](math_ops.md#reduce_max), [reduce_mean](math_ops.md#reduce_mean), [reduce_min](math_ops.md#reduce_min), [reduce_prod](math_ops.md#reduce_prod), [reduce_sum](math_ops.md#reduce_sum), [round](math_ops.md#round), [rsqrt](math_ops.md#rsqrt), [segment_max](math_ops.md#segment_max), [segment_mean](math_ops.md#segment_mean), [segment_min](math_ops.md#segment_min), [segment_prod](math_ops.md#segment_prod), [segment_sum](math_ops.md#segment_sum), [sign](math_ops.md#sign), [sin](math_ops.md#sin), [sparse_segment_mean](math_ops.md#sparse_segment_mean), [sparse_segment_sum](math_ops.md#sparse_segment_sum), [sqrt](math_ops.md#sqrt), [square](math_ops.md#square), [sub](math_ops.md#sub), [transpose](math_ops.md#transpose), [unique](math_ops.md#unique), [unsorted_segment_sum](math_ops.md#unsorted_segment_sum), [where](math_ops.md#where) * [Control Flow](control_flow_ops.md): [Assert](control_flow_ops.md#Assert), [Print](control_flow_ops.md#Print), [add_check_numerics_ops](control_flow_ops.md#add_check_numerics_ops), [check_numerics](control_flow_ops.md#check_numerics), [count_up_to](control_flow_ops.md#count_up_to), [equal](control_flow_ops.md#equal), [greater](control_flow_ops.md#greater), [greater_equal](control_flow_ops.md#greater_equal), [group](control_flow_ops.md#group), [identity](control_flow_ops.md#identity), [is_finite](control_flow_ops.md#is_finite), [is_inf](control_flow_ops.md#is_inf), [is_nan](control_flow_ops.md#is_nan), [less](control_flow_ops.md#less), [less_equal](control_flow_ops.md#less_equal), [logical_and](control_flow_ops.md#logical_and), [logical_not](control_flow_ops.md#logical_not), [logical_or](control_flow_ops.md#logical_or), [logical_xor](control_flow_ops.md#logical_xor), [no_op](control_flow_ops.md#no_op), [not_equal](control_flow_ops.md#not_equal), [select](control_flow_ops.md#select), [tuple](control_flow_ops.md#tuple), [verify_tensor_all_finite](control_flow_ops.md#verify_tensor_all_finite), [where](control_flow_ops.md#where) * [Images](image.md): [adjust_brightness](image.md#adjust_brightness), [adjust_contrast](image.md#adjust_contrast), [crop_to_bounding_box](image.md#crop_to_bounding_box), [decode_jpeg](image.md#decode_jpeg), [decode_png](image.md#decode_png), [encode_jpeg](image.md#encode_jpeg), [encode_png](image.md#encode_png), [extract_glimpse](image.md#extract_glimpse), [flip_left_right](image.md#flip_left_right), [flip_up_down](image.md#flip_up_down), [pad_to_bounding_box](image.md#pad_to_bounding_box), [per_image_whitening](image.md#per_image_whitening), [random_brightness](image.md#random_brightness), [random_contrast](image.md#random_contrast), [random_crop](image.md#random_crop), [random_flip_left_right](image.md#random_flip_left_right), [random_flip_up_down](image.md#random_flip_up_down), [resize_area](image.md#resize_area), [resize_bicubic](image.md#resize_bicubic), [resize_bilinear](image.md#resize_bilinear), [resize_image_with_crop_or_pad](image.md#resize_image_with_crop_or_pad), [resize_images](image.md#resize_images), [resize_nearest_neighbor](image.md#resize_nearest_neighbor), [transpose_image](image.md#transpose_image) * [Sparse Tensors](sparse_ops.md): [class SparseTensor](sparse_ops.md#SparseTensor), [class SparseTensorValue](sparse_ops.md#SparseTensorValue), [shape](sparse_ops.md#shape), [sparse_concat](sparse_ops.md#sparse_concat), [sparse_fill_empty_rows](sparse_ops.md#sparse_fill_empty_rows), [sparse_reorder](sparse_ops.md#sparse_reorder), [sparse_retain](sparse_ops.md#sparse_retain), [sparse_tensor_to_dense](sparse_ops.md#sparse_tensor_to_dense), [sparse_to_dense](sparse_ops.md#sparse_to_dense), [sparse_to_indicator](sparse_ops.md#sparse_to_indicator) * [Inputs and Readers](io_ops.md): [class FIFOQueue](io_ops.md#FIFOQueue), [class FixedLengthRecordReader](io_ops.md#FixedLengthRecordReader), [class IdentityReader](io_ops.md#IdentityReader), [class QueueBase](io_ops.md#QueueBase), [class RandomShuffleQueue](io_ops.md#RandomShuffleQueue), [class ReaderBase](io_ops.md#ReaderBase), [class TFRecordReader](io_ops.md#TFRecordReader), [class TextLineReader](io_ops.md#TextLineReader), [class WholeFileReader](io_ops.md#WholeFileReader), [batch](io_ops.md#batch), [batch_join](io_ops.md#batch_join), [decode_csv](io_ops.md#decode_csv), [decode_raw](io_ops.md#decode_raw), [limit_epochs](io_ops.md#limit_epochs), [match_filenames_once](io_ops.md#match_filenames_once), [matching_files](io_ops.md#matching_files), [parse_example](io_ops.md#parse_example), [parse_single_example](io_ops.md#parse_single_example), [placeholder](io_ops.md#placeholder), [range_input_producer](io_ops.md#range_input_producer), [read_file](io_ops.md#read_file), [shuffle_batch](io_ops.md#shuffle_batch), [shuffle_batch_join](io_ops.md#shuffle_batch_join), [size](io_ops.md#size), [slice_input_producer](io_ops.md#slice_input_producer), [string_input_producer](io_ops.md#string_input_producer) * [Data IO (Python functions)](python_io.md): [class TFRecordWriter](python_io.md#TFRecordWriter), [tf_record_iterator](python_io.md#tf_record_iterator) * [Neural Network](nn.md): [avg_pool](nn.md#avg_pool), [bias_add](nn.md#bias_add), [compute_accidental_hits](nn.md#compute_accidental_hits), [conv2d](nn.md#conv2d), [depthwise_conv2d](nn.md#depthwise_conv2d), [dropout](nn.md#dropout), [embedding_lookup](nn.md#embedding_lookup), [embedding_lookup_sparse](nn.md#embedding_lookup_sparse), [fixed_unigram_candidate_sampler](nn.md#fixed_unigram_candidate_sampler), [in_top_k](nn.md#in_top_k), [l2_loss](nn.md#l2_loss), [l2_normalize](nn.md#l2_normalize), [learned_unigram_candidate_sampler](nn.md#learned_unigram_candidate_sampler), [local_response_normalization](nn.md#local_response_normalization), [log_uniform_candidate_sampler](nn.md#log_uniform_candidate_sampler), [max_pool](nn.md#max_pool), [max_pool_with_argmax](nn.md#max_pool_with_argmax), [moments](nn.md#moments), [nce_loss](nn.md#nce_loss), [relu](nn.md#relu), [relu6](nn.md#relu6), [sampled_softmax_loss](nn.md#sampled_softmax_loss), [separable_conv2d](nn.md#separable_conv2d), [sigmoid](nn.md#sigmoid), [sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits](nn.md#sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits), [softmax](nn.md#softmax), [softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits](nn.md#softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits), [softplus](nn.md#softplus), [tanh](nn.md#tanh), [top_k](nn.md#top_k), [uniform_candidate_sampler](nn.md#uniform_candidate_sampler) * [Running Graphs](client.md): [class AbortedError](client.md#AbortedError), [class AlreadyExistsError](client.md#AlreadyExistsError), [class CancelledError](client.md#CancelledError), [class DataLossError](client.md#DataLossError), [class DeadlineExceededError](client.md#DeadlineExceededError), [class FailedPreconditionError](client.md#FailedPreconditionError), [class InternalError](client.md#InternalError), [class InvalidArgumentError](client.md#InvalidArgumentError), [class NotFoundError](client.md#NotFoundError), [class OpError](client.md#OpError), [class OutOfRangeError](client.md#OutOfRangeError), [class PermissionDeniedError](client.md#PermissionDeniedError), [class ResourceExhaustedError](client.md#ResourceExhaustedError), [class Session](client.md#Session), [class UnauthenticatedError](client.md#UnauthenticatedError), [class UnavailableError](client.md#UnavailableError), [class UnimplementedError](client.md#UnimplementedError), [class UnknownError](client.md#UnknownError), [get_default_session](client.md#get_default_session) * [Training](train.md): [class AdagradOptimizer](train.md#AdagradOptimizer), [class AdamOptimizer](train.md#AdamOptimizer), [class AggregationMethod](train.md#AggregationMethod), [class Coordinator](train.md#Coordinator), [class ExponentialMovingAverage](train.md#ExponentialMovingAverage), [class FtrlOptimizer](train.md#FtrlOptimizer), [class GradientDescentOptimizer](train.md#GradientDescentOptimizer), [class MomentumOptimizer](train.md#MomentumOptimizer), [class Optimizer](train.md#Optimizer), [class QueueRunner](train.md#QueueRunner), [class RMSPropOptimizer](train.md#RMSPropOptimizer), [class SummaryWriter](train.md#SummaryWriter), [add_queue_runner](train.md#add_queue_runner), [clip_by_average_norm](train.md#clip_by_average_norm), [clip_by_global_norm](train.md#clip_by_global_norm), [clip_by_norm](train.md#clip_by_norm), [clip_by_value](train.md#clip_by_value), [exponential_decay](train.md#exponential_decay), [global_norm](train.md#global_norm), [global_step](train.md#global_step), [gradients](train.md#gradients), [histogram_summary](train.md#histogram_summary), [image_summary](train.md#image_summary), [merge_all_summaries](train.md#merge_all_summaries), [merge_summary](train.md#merge_summary), [scalar_summary](train.md#scalar_summary), [start_queue_runners](train.md#start_queue_runners), [stop_gradient](train.md#stop_gradient), [summary_iterator](train.md#summary_iterator), [write_graph](train.md#write_graph), [zero_fraction](train.md#zero_fraction)