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|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Documentation - MPlayer - The Movie Player for Linux</TITLE>
<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1 ALIGN="center">MPlayer - The Movie Player for LINUX</H1>
<H2 ALIGN="center">© 2000-2003 Arpad Gereoffy (A'rpi/ESP-team)<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.mplayerhq.hu">http://www.mplayerhq.hu</A></H2>
<P ALIGN="center">[ English ]
<A HREF="Hungarian/documentation.html">[ Hungarian ]</A>
<A HREF="German/documentation.html">[ German ]</A>
<A HREF="French/documentation.html">[ French ]</A>
<A HREF="Polish/documentation.html">[ Polish ]</A>
<A HREF="Italian/documentation.html">[ Italian ]</A>
<A HREF="Chinese/documentation.html">[ Chinese ]</A></P>
<HR>
<H2>Table of Contents</H2>
<HR>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#reading">0. How to read this documentation</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#introduction">1. Introduction</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#history">1.1 History</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#installation">1.2 Installation</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#gui">1.3 What about the GUI?</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#subtitles_osd">1.4 Subtitles and OSD</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#mpsub">1.4.1 MPlayer's own subtitle format (MPsub)</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#install_osd">1.4.2 Installing OSD and subtitles</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#menu">1.4.3 OSD Menu</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#rtc">1.5 RTC</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#features">2. Features</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html">2.1 Supported formats</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#video_formats">2.1.1 Video formats</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#mpeg">2.1.1.1 MPEG files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#avi">2.1.1.2 AVI files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#asf">2.1.1.3 ASF/WMV files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#mov">2.1.1.4 QuickTime/MOV files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#vivo">2.1.1.5 VIVO files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#fli">2.1.1.6 FLI files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#real">2.1.1.7 RealMedia (RM) files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#nuppelvideo">2.1.1.8 NuppelVideo files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#yuv4mpeg">2.1.1.9 yuv4mpeg files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#film">2.1.1.10 FILM files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#roq">2.1.1.11 RoQ files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#ogg">2.1.1.12 OGG/OGM files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#sdp">2.1.1.13 SDP files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#pva">2.1.1.14 PVA files</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#audio_formats">2.1.2 Audio formats</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#mp3">2.1.2.1 MP3 files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#wav">2.1.2.2 WAV files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#ogg_vorbis">2.1.2.3 OGG/OGM files (Vorbis)</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#wma">2.1.2.4 WMA/ASF files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#mp4">2.1.2.5 MP4 files</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#cdda">2.1.2.6 CD audio</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="formats.html#xmms">2.1.2.7 XMMS</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html">2.2 Supported codecs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#video_codecs">2.2.1 Video codecs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#divx">2.2.1.1 DivX4/DivX5</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">2.2.1.2 FFmpeg DivX/libavcodec</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#xanim">2.2.1.3 XAnim codecs</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#vivo_video">2.2.1.4 VIVO video</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#mpeg">2.2.1.5 MPEG 1/2 video</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#ms_video1">2.2.1.6 MS Video1</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#cinepak">2.2.1.7 Cinepak CVID</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#realvideo">2.2.1.8 RealVideo</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#xvid">2.2.1.9 XViD</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#sorenson">2.2.1.10 Sorenson</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#audio_codecs">2.2.2 Audio codecs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#software_ac3">2.2.2.1 Software AC3 decoding</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#hardware_ac3">2.2.2.2 Hardware AC3 decoding</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#libmad">2.2.2.3 libmad support</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#vivo_audio">2.2.2.4 VIVO audio</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#realaudio">2.2.2.5 RealAudio</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#qdesign">2.2.2.6 QDesign codecs</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#qclp">2.2.2.7 Qualcomm codec</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#importing">2.2.3 Win32 codec importing HOWTO</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#importing_vfw">2.2.3.1 VFW codecs</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="codecs.html#importing_directshow">2.2.3.2 DirectShow codecs</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#output">2.3 Output devices</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="video.html">2.3.1 Video output devices</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#mtrr">2.3.1.1 Setting up MTRR</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#normal">2.3.1.2 Video outputs for traditional video cards</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#xv">2.3.1.2.1 Xv</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#xv_3dfx">2.3.1.2.1.1 3dfx cards</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#xv_s3">2.3.1.2.1.2 S3 cards</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#xv_nvidia">2.3.1.2.1.3 nVidia cards</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#xv_ati">2.3.1.2.1.4 ATI cards</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#xv_neomagic">2.3.1.2.1.5 NeoMagic cards</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#xv_trident">2.3.1.2.1.6 Trident cards</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dga">2.3.1.2.2 DGA</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dga_summary">2.3.1.2.2.1 Summary</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dga_whatis">2.3.1.2.2.2 What is DGA</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dga_installation">2.3.1.2.2.3 Installing DGA support for MPlayer</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dga_resolution">2.3.1.2.2.4 Resolution switching</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dga_mplayer">2.3.1.2.2.5 DGA & MPlayer</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dga_features">2.3.1.2.2.6 Features of the DGA driver</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dga_speed">2.3.1.2.2.7 Speed issues</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dga_bugs">2.3.1.2.2.8 Known bugs</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dga_future">2.3.1.2.2.9 Future work</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dga_modelines">2.3.1.2.2.A Some modelines</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dga_bug_reports">2.3.1.2.2.B Bug Reports</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#sdl">2.3.1.2.3 SDL</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#svgalib">2.3.1.2.4 SVGAlib</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#fbdev">2.3.1.2.5 Framebuffer output (FBdev)</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#mga_vid">2.3.1.2.6 Matrox framebuffer (mga_vid)</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#tdfxfb">2.3.1.2.7 3dfx YUV support (tdfxfb)</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#opengl">2.3.1.2.8 OpenGL output</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#aalib">2.3.1.2.9 AAlib - text mode displaying</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#vesa">2.3.1.2.10 VESA - output to VESA BIOS</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#x11">2.3.1.2.11 X11</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#vidix">2.3.1.2.12 VIDIX</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#directfb">2.3.1.2.13 DirectFB</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dfbmga">2.3.1.2.14 DirectFB/Matrox (dfbmga)</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#mpegdec">2.3.1.3 MPEG decoders</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dvb">2.3.1.3.1 DVB</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dxr2">2.3.1.3.2 DXR2</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#dxr3">2.3.1.3.3 DXR3/Hollywood+</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#other">2.3.1.4 Other visualization hardware</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#zr">2.3.1.4.1 Zoran JPEG decoders</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#blinken">2.3.1.4.2 Blinkenlights</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#tv-out">2.3.1.5 TV-out support</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#tv-out_matrox">2.3.1.5.1 Matrox G400 cards</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#tv-out_matrox_g450">2.3.1.5.2 Matrox G450/G550 cards</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#tv-out_ati">2.3.1.5.3 ATI cards</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#tv-out_voodoo">2.3.1.5.4 Voodoo 3</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="video.html#tv-out_nvidia">2.3.1.5.5 nVidia</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html">2.3.2 Audio output devices</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#sync">2.3.2.1 Audio/Video synchronisation</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#experiences">2.3.2.2 Sound card experiences, recommendations</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#af">2.3.2.3 Audio filters</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#af_resample">2.3.2.3.1 Up/Downsampling</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#af_channels">2.3.2.3.2 Changing the number of channels</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#af_format">2.3.2.3.3 Sample format converter</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#af_delay">2.3.2.3.4 Delay</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#af_volume">2.3.2.3.5 Software volume control</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#af_equalizer">2.3.2.3.6 Equalizer</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#af_panning">2.3.2.3.7 Panning filter</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#af_sub">2.3.2.3.8 Sub-woofer</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#af_surround">2.3.2.3.9 Surround-sound decoder</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#plugins">2.3.2.4 Audio plugins (deprecated)</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#resample">2.3.2.4.1 Up/Downsampling</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#surround_decoding">2.3.2.4.2 Surround Sound decoding</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#format">2.3.2.4.3 Sample format converter</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#delay">2.3.2.4.4 Delay</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#volume">2.3.2.4.5 Software volume control</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#extrastereo">2.3.2.4.6 Extrastereo</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="sound.html#normalizer">2.3.2.4.7 Volume Normalizer</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#tv">2.4 TV input</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#tv_compilation">2.4.1 Compilation</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#tv_tips">2.4.2 Usage tips</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#tv_examples">2.4.3 Examples</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#edl">2.5 Edit Decision Lists (EDL)</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#edl_using">2.5.1 Using an EDL file</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#edl_making">2.5.2 Making an EDL file</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#usage">3. Usage</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#command_line">3.1 Command line</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#control">3.2 Control</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#controls_configuration">3.2.1 Controls configuration</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#key_names">3.2.1.1 Key names</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#commands">3.2.1.2 Commands</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#lirc">3.2.2 Control from LIRC</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#slave">3.2.3 Slave mode</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#streaming">3.3 Streaming from network or pipes</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="cd-dvd.html">4. CD/DVD section</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="cd-dvd.html#drives">4.1 CD/DVD drives</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="cd-dvd.html#dvd">4.2 DVD playback</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="cd-dvd.html#vcd">4.3 VCD playback</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="faq.html">5. FAQ section</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="faq.html#compilation">5.1 Compilation</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="faq.html#general">5.2 General questions</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="faq.html#playback">5.3 playback problems</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="faq.html#driver">5.4 Video/audio driver problems (vo/ao)</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="faq.html#dvd">5.5 DVD playback</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="faq.html#features">5.6 Feature requests</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="faq.html#encoding">5.7 Encoding</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#ports">6. Ports</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#linux">6.1 Linux</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#debian">6.1.1 Debian packaging</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#rpm">6.1.2 RPM packaging</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#arm">6.1.3 ARM</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#bsd">6.2 *BSD</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#freebsd">6.2.1 FreeBSD</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#openbsd">6.2.2 OpenBSD</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#solaris">6.3 Solaris</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#sgi">6.4 Silicon Graphics / Irix</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#qnx">6.5 QNX</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#cygwin">6.6 Cygwin</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="encoding.html">7. Encoding with MEncoder</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="encoding.html#2pass">7.1 Encoding 2 or 3-pass MPEG-4 ("DIVX")</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="encoding.html#rescaling">7.2 Rescaling movies</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="encoding.html#copying">7.3 Stream copying</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="encoding.html#fixing">7.4 Fixing AVIs with broken index</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="encoding.html#libavcodec">7.5 Encoding with the libavcodec codec family</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="encoding.html#image_files">7.6 Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs or PNGs)</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="encoding.html#vobsub">7.7 Extracting DVD subtitles to a Vobsub file</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="encoding.html#aspect">7.8 Preserving aspect ratio</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#mailing_lists">Appendix A - Mailing lists</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html">Appendix B - How to report bugs</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#fix">B.1 How to fix bugs</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#report">B.2 How to report bugs</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#where">B.3 Where to report bugs</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#what">B.4 What to report</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#system">B.4.1 System information</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#hardware">B.4.2 Hardware and Drivers</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#compilation">B.4.3 Compilation problems</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#configure">B.4.4 Configure problems</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#playback">B.4.5 Playback problems</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#crash">B.4.6 Crashes</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#debug">B.4.6.1 How to conserve information about a reproducible crash</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#core">B.4.6.2 How to extract meaningful information from a core dump</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="bugreports.html#advusers">B.5 I know what I am doing...</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#known_bugs">Appendix C - Known bugs</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="skin-en.html">Appendix D - MPlayer skin format</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="users_against_developers.html">Appendix E - Developer Cries</A>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="users_against_developers.html#gcc">E.1 GCC 2.96</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="users_against_developers.html#binary">E.2 Binary distribution</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="users_against_developers.html#nvidia">E.3 nVidia</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="users_against_developers.html#barr">E.4 Joe Barr</A></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="tech/patches.txt">Appendix F - How to send patches</A></LI>
</UL>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="reading">0. How to read this documentation</A></H1>
<P>If you are a first-time installer: be sure to read everything from here to
the end of the Installation section, and follow the links you will find. If
you have any other questions, return to the Table of Contents and
search for the topic, read the <A HREF="faq.html">FAQ</A>, or try grepping
through the files.</P>
<P>The main rule of this documentation: if it's not documented, it
<U>does not exist</U>. If I don't say you encode audio from TV tuner, you
can't. A healthy quantity of combining ability is welcomed, though.
Good luck. You'll need it :) And for another good advice, let me quote
Chris Phillips from the
<A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">mplayer-users</A>
mailing list:</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
I said a while ago that there is such a difference between a newbie and
a dumbass. No matter what you actually know about a system (linux, cars,
girls :D) you should ALWAYS be able to take a step back and be objective,
otherwise, you're just dumb IMHO. A girl i live with assumed the vacuum
cleaner was broken because it didn't suck things up. never thought to change
the bag, becasue she'd never done it before... now that's just stupid, not a
case of simply not knowing what to do... Simply not being that familiar with
your surroundings is no excuse for a) laziness and b) ignorance. So many
people seem to see the word "error" and then stop... few seem to actually
read the words on the OTHER side of the colon.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<H1><A NAME="introduction">1. Introduction</A></H1>
<P>MPlayer is a movie player for LINUX (runs on many other Unices, and
<B>non-x86</B> CPUs, see the <A HREF="#ports">ports section</A>). It plays most
MPEG, VOB, AVI, OGG/OGM, VIVO, ASF/WMA/WMV, QT/MOV/MP4, FLI, RM, NuppelVideo, yuv4mpeg,
FILM, RoQ, PVA files, supported by many native, XAnim, RealPlayer, and
Win32 DLL codecs. You can watch <B>VideoCD</B>, <B>SVCD</B>, <B>DVD</B>,
<B>3ivx</B>, <B>RealMedia</B>, and <B>DivX</B> movies too (and you don't need
the avifile
library at all!). Another big feature of MPlayer is the wide range of
supported output drivers. It works with X11, Xv, DGA, OpenGL, SVGAlib, fbdev,
AAlib, DirectFB, but you can also use GGI and SDL (and this way all their
drivers) and some lowlevel card-specific drivers (for Matrox, 3Dfx and Radeon,
Mach64, Permedia3) too! Most
of them supports software or hardware scaling, so you can enjoy movies in
fullscreen. MPlayer supports displaying through some hardware MPEG
decoder boards, such as the <B><A HREF="video.html#dvb">DVB</A></B> and
<B><A HREF="video.html#dxr3">DXR3/Hollywood+</A></B>. And what about the nice big antialiased
shaded subtitles (<B>10 supported types</B>) with European/ISO 8859-1,2
(Hungarian, English, Czech, etc), Cyrillic, Korean fonts, and the onscreen
display (OSD)?</P>
<P>The player is rock solid playing damaged MPEG files (useful for some VCDs),
and it plays bad AVI files which are unplayable with the famous
windows media player. Even AVI files without index chunk are playable, and
you can temporarily rebuild their indexes with the <CODE>-idx</CODE> option, or
permanently with MEncoder, thus enabling seeking!
As you see, stability and quality are the most important things,
but the speed is also amazing.</P>
<P>MEncoder (MPlayer's Movie Encoder) is a simple movie encoder,
designed to encode MPlayer-playable movies
(<B>AVI/ASF/OGG/DVD/VCD/VOB/MPG/MOV/VIV/FLI/RM/NUV/NET/PVA</B>) to other
MPlayer-playable formats (see below). It can encode with various codecs, like
<B>DivX4</B> (1 or 2 passes), libavcodec,
<B>PCM</B>/<B>MP3</B>/<B>VBR MP3</B> audio. Also has powerful plugin system
for video manipulation.</P>
<H4>MEncoder features</H4>
<UL>
<LI>encoding from the wide range of fileformats and decoders of MPlayer</LI>
<LI>encoding to all the codecs of ffmpeg's
<A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A></LI>
<LI>video encoding from <B>V4L compatible TV tuners</B></LI>
<LI>encoding/multiplexing to interleaved AVI files with proper index</LI>
<LI>creating files from external audio stream</LI>
<LI>1, 2 or 3 pass encoding</LI>
<LI><B>VBR</B> MP3 audio - <B>IMPORTANT NOTE:</B> VBR MP3 audio doesn't
always play nicely on Windows players! On the other hand, currently
MEncoder's CBR encoding is totally broken on Win32 players :)</LI>
<LI>PCM audio</LI>
<LI>stream copying</LI>
<LI>input A/V synchronizing (PTS-based, can be disabled with -mc 0 option)</LI>
<LI>FPS correction with <CODE>-ofps</CODE> option (useful when encoding
29.97fps VOB to 24fps AVI)</LI>
<LI>using our very powerful plugin system (crop, expand, flip, postprocess,
rotate, scale, rgb/yuv conversion)</LI>
<LI>can encode DVD/VOBsub <B>AND</B> text subtitles into the output file</LI>
<LI>can rip DVD subtitles to Vobsub format</LI>
</UL>
<H4>Planned features</H4>
<UL>
<LI>even wider variety of available en/decoding formats/codecs
(creating VOB files with DivX4/Indeo5/VIVO streams :)</LI>
</UL>
<P>MPlayer and MEncoder can be distributed under the terms of the GNU General
Public License Version 2.</P>
<H2><A NAME="history">1.1 History</A></H2>
<P>This began a year ago...
I (A'rpi) have tried lots of players under linux (mtv,xmps,dvdview,livid/oms,videolan,
xine,xanim,avifile,xmmp) but they all have some problem. Mostly with special
files or with audio/video sync. Most of them is unable to play both MPEG1,
MPEG2 and AVI (DivX) files. Many players have image quality or speed problems
too. So I've decided to write/modify one...</P>
<UL>
<LI><B>mpg12play v0.1-v0.3:</B> Sep 22-25, 2000<BR>
The first try, hacked together in a half hour!
I've used libmpeg3 from www.heroinewarrior.com up to the version 0.3,
but there were image quality and speed problems with it.</LI>
<LI><B>mpg12play v0.5-v0.87:</B> Sep 28-Oct 20, 2000<BR>
Mpeg codec replaced with DVDview by Dirk Farin, it was a great stuff,
but it was slow and was written in C++ (I hate C++!!!)</LI>
<LI><B>mpg12play v0.9-v0.95pre5:</B> Oct 21-Nov 2, 2000<BR>
Mpeg codec was libmpeg2 (mpeg2dec) by Aaron Holtzman & Michel Lespinasse.
It's great, optimized very fast C code with perfect image quality and
100% MPEG standard conformance.</LI>
<LI><B>MPlayer v0.01:</B> Nov 11, 2000<BR>
The first MPlayer.</LI>
<LI><B>MPlayer v0.3-v0.9:</B> Nov 18-Dec 4, 2000<BR>
It was a pack of two programs: mpg12play v0.95pre6 and my new simple AVI
player 'avip' based on avifile's Win32 DLL loader.</LI>
<LI><B>MPlayer v0.10:</B> Jan 1, 2001<BR>
The MPEG and AVI player in a single binary!</LI>
<LI><B>MPlayer v0.11pre series:</B><BR>
Some new developers joined and from 0.11 the mplayer project is a team-work!
Added .ASF file support, and OpenDivX (see www.projectmayo.com) en/decoding.</LI>
<LI><B>MPlayer v0.17a "The IdegCounter"</B> Apr 27, 2001<BR>
The release version of the 0.11pre after 4 months of heavy development!
Try it, and be amazed! Thousands of new features added... and of course
old code was improved too, bugs removed etc.</LI>
<LI><B>MPlayer 0.18 "The BugCounter"</B> Jul 9, 2001<BR>
2 months since 0.17 and here's a new release.. Completed ASF support,
more subtitle formats, introduced libao (similar to libvo but to audio),
even more stable than ever, and so on. It's a MUST!</LI>
<LI><B>MPlayer 0.50 "The Faszom(C)ounter"</B> Oct 8, 2001<BR>
Hmm. Release again. Tons of new features, beta GUI version, bugs fixed,
new vo and ao drivers, ported to many systems, including opensource DivX
codecs and much more. Try it!</LI>
<LI><B>MPlayer 0.60 "The RTFMCounter"</B> Jan 3, 2002<BR>
MOV/VIVO/RM/FLI/NUV fileformats support, native CRAM, Cinepak, ADPCM codecs,
and support for XAnim's binary codecs; DVD subtitles support, first
release of MEncoder, TV grabbing, cache, liba52, countless fixes.</LI>
<LI><B>MPlayer 0.90pre10 "The BirthdayCounter"</B> Nov 11, 2002<BR>
Although this is not a release, I am going to mention it because it
came out 2 years after MPlayer v0.01. Happy birthday, MPlayer!</LI>
<LI><B>MPlayer 0.90rc1 "The CodecCounter"</B> Dec 7, 2002<BR>
Again not a release, but after adding Sorenson 3 (QuickTime) and Windows
Media 9 support, MPlayer is the world's first movie player with support
for all known video formats!</LI>
<LI><B>MPlayer 0.90 "?"</B> Date yet unknown</LI>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="installation">1.2 Installation</A></H2>
<P>In this chapter I'll try to guide you through the compiling and
configuring process of MPlayer. It's not easy, but it won't necessarily
be hard. If you experience a different behavior than what I explain, please
search through this documentation and you'll find your answers. If you
see links, please follow them and read carefully what they contain. It
will take some time, but it DOES worth it.</P>
<P>You need a fairly recent system. On Linux, 2.4.x kernels are recommended.</P>
<H4>Software requirements:</H4>
<UL>
<LI><B>binutils</B> - suggested version is <B>2.11.x</B> . This program is
responsible for generating MMX/3DNow!/etc instructions, thus very important.</LI>
<LI><B>gcc</B> - suggested versions are: <B>2.95.3</B>, <B>2.95.4</B> and <B>3.1</B>.
<B>NEVER</B> use 2.96 or 3.0.x! They generate faulty code for MPlayer.
If you decide to change gcc from 2.96, then don't decide in favor of 3.0.x
just because it's newer! Early releases of 3.0.x were even more buggy than
2.96. So downgrade to 2.95.x (downgrade libstdc++ too, other programs may
need it) or don't up/downgrade at all (but in this case, be prepared for
runtime problems). If you vote for 3.x.x, try to use the latest version,
early releases had various bugs, so be sure you use at least 3.1, it's
tested and working. For detailed information about gcc 2.96's bugs (that are
still NOT fixed, they have been WORKED AROUND in MPlayer!), see the
<A HREF="users_against_developers.html#gcc">gcc 2.96</A> section and the
<A HREF="faq.html">FAQ</A>.</LI>
<LI><B>XFree86</B> - suggested version is <B>always the newest (4.2.1)</B>.
Normally, everyone wants this, as starting with XFree86 4.0.2, it contains
the <A HREF="video.html#xv">XVideo</A> extension (somewhere referred to
as <B>Xv</B>) which is needed to enable the hardware YUV acceleration (fast
image display) on cards that support it.<BR>
Make sure its <B>development package</B> is installed, too, otherwise
it won't work.<BR>
For some video cards you don't need XFree86. See list below.</LI>
<LI><B>make</B> - suggested version is <B>always the newest</B> (at least 3.79.x). This
usually isn't important.</LI>
<LI><B>SDL</B> - it's not mandatory, but can help in some cases (bad audio,
video cards that lag strangely with the xv driver). Always use the newest
(beginning from 1.2.x).</LI>
<LI><B>libjpeg</B> - optional JPEG decoder, used by -mf and some QT MOV files.
Useful for both MPlayer and MEncoder if you plan to work with jpeg files.</LI>
<LI><B>libpng</B> - recommended and default (M)PNG decoder. Required for GUI.
Useful for both MPlayer and MEncoder.</LI>
<LI><B>lame</B> - recommended, needed for encoding MP3 audio with MEncoder,
suggested version is <B>always the newest</B> (at least 3.90).</LI>
<LI><B>libogg</B> - optional, needed for playing OGG file format.</LI>
<LI><B>libvorbis</B> - optional, needed for playing OGG Vorbis audio.</LI>
<LI><B><A HREF="http://www.live.com/mplayer/">LIVE.COM Streaming Media</A></B>
- optional, needed for playing RTSP/RTP streams.</LI>
<LI><B>directfb</B> - optional, from
<A HREF="http://www.directfb.org">http://www.directfb.org</A></LI>
<LI><B>cdparanoia</B> - optional, for CDDA support</LI>
<LI><B>libfreetype</B> - optional, for TTF fonts support. At least 2.0.9 is
required.</LI>
<LI><B>libxmms</B> - optional, for XMMS input plugin support. At least 1.2.7 is
required.</LI>
</UL>
<H4>Codecs:</H4>
<UL>
<LI><B>libavcodec</B>: This codec package is capable of decoding
H263/MJPEG/RV10/DivX3/DivX4/DivX5/MP41/MP42/WMV1 encoded video streams and
WMA (Windows Media Audio) v1/v2 audio streams, on
multiple platforms. It is also known to be the fastest for this task.
See the <A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> section for details.
Features:<BR>
<UL>
<LI>gain decoding of videos mentioned above, on non-x86 machines</LI>
<LI>encoding with most of the mentioned codecs</LI>
<LI>this codec is the <B>fastest codec available</B> for DivX/3/4/5 and
other MPEG4 types. Recommended!</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><B>Win32 codecs</B>: If you plan to use MPlayer on x86
architecture, you will possibly need them. Download and unzip w32codecs.zip
to /usr/lib/win32 <B>BEFORE</B> compiling MPlayer, otherwise no Win32
support will be compiled!<BR>
<B>Note:</B> the avifile project has a similar codecs package, but it differs
from ours. If you want to use all supported codecs, then install our package
(do not worry, avifile works with it without problems). Features:<BR>
<UL>
<LI>you need this if you want to play or encode for example movies recorded
with various hardware compressors, like tuner cards, digital cameras
(example: DV, ATI VCR, MJPEG)</LI>
<LI>needed if you want to play <B>WMV8, WMV9/WMA9 movies</B>.</LI>
<LI>Not needed for old
ASF's with MP41 or MP42 video (though VoxWare audio is frequent for these
files - it's done by the Win32 codec), or WMV7. Also not needed
for WMA (Windows Media Audio), libavcodec has opensource decoder
for that.</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><B>QuickTime codecs</B>: on x86 platforms these codecs can be used
to decode Sorenson v1/v3, RPZA, and other QuickTime video, and
QDesign audio streams. Installation instructions can be found in the
<A HREF="codecs.html#sorenson">Sorenson video codec</A> section.</LI>
<LI><B>DivX4/DivX5</B>: information about this codec is available in the
<A HREF="codecs.html#divx">DivX4/DivX5</A> section. You possibly don't want
this codec as <B>libavcodec</B> (see above) is much faster and has better
quality than this, for both decoding and encoding.<BR>
Features:
<UL>
<LI>1 pass or 2 pass encoding with
<A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A></LI>
<LI>can play old <B>DivX3</B> movies much faster than the Win32 DLL but
slower than <B>libavcodec</B>!</LI>
<LI>it's closed-source, and only an x86 version is available.</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><B>XviD</B>: Open source encoding alternative to Divx4Linux<BR>
Features:
<UL>
<LI>1 pass or 2 pass encoding with
<A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A></LI>
<LI>it's open-source, so it's multiplatform.</LI>
<LI>it's about 2 times faster than DivX4 when encoding - about the same
quality</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI>The <A HREF="codecs.html#xanim">XAnim codecs</A> are the best (full
screen, hardware YUV zoom) for decoding <B>3ivx</B> and Indeo 3/4/5 movies,
and some old formats. And they are multiplatform, so this is the only way to
play Indeo on non-x86 platforms (well, apart from using XAnim:). But for
example Cinepak movies are best played with MPlayer's own Cinepak
decoder!</LI>
<LI>For <B>Ogg Vorbis</B> audio decoding you need to install
<CODE>libvorbis</CODE> properly. Use deb/rpm packages if available, or
compile from
<A HREF="http://ogg.org/ogg/vorbis/download/vorbis_nightly_cvs.tgz">source</A>
(this is a nightly updated tarball of Vorbis CVS).</LI>
<LI>MPlayer can use the libraries of RealPlayer 8 or RealONE to play
files with <B>RealVideo 2.0 - 4.0</B> video, and Sipro/Cook audio. See
<A HREF="formats.html#real">RealMedia file format</A> section for
installation instructions and more information.</LI>
</UL>
<H4>Video Cards</H4>
<P>There are generally two kind of video cards. One kind (the newer cards) has
<B>hardware scaling and YUV acceleration</B> support, the other cards don't.</P>
<H4>YUV cards</H4>
<P>They can display and scale (zoom) the picture to any size that fits in
their memory, with <B>small CPU usage</B> (even when zooming), thus
fullscreen playing is nice and very fast.</P>
<UL>
<LI><B>Matrox G200/G400/G450/G550 cards</B>: although a
<A HREF="video.html#vidix">Vidix driver</A> is provided, it is recommended
to use the mga_vid kernel module instead, for it works much better.
Please see the <A HREF="video.html#mga_vid">mga_vid</A> section about its
installation and usage. It is important to do these steps <I>before</I>
compiling MPlayer, otherwise no mga_vid support will be built. Also
check out the <A HREF="video.html#tv-out_matrox">Matrox TV-out</A> section.
<U><B>If you don't use Linux</B></U>, your only possibility is the VIDIX
driver: read the <A HREF="video.html#vidix">VIDIX</A> section.</LI>
<LI><B>3Dfx Voodoo3/Banshee cards</B>: please see the
<A HREF="video.html#tdfxfb">tdfxfb</A> section in order to gain big
speedup. It is important to do these steps <B>before</B> compiling
MPlayer, otherwise no 3Dfx support will be built. Also see the <A
HREF="video.html#tv-out_voodoo">3dfx TV-out section</A>. If you use X, use
<B>at least 4.2.0</B>, as the 3dfx Xv driver was broken in 4.1.0 and earlier
releases.</LI>
<LI><B>ATI cards</B>: <A HREF="video.html#vidix">Vidix driver</A> is
provided for the following cards:
<B>Radeon</B>, <B>Rage128</B>, <B>Mach64</B> (Rage XL/Mobility, Xpert98).
Also see the <A HREF="video.html#tv-out_ati">ATI cards
section</A> of the TV-out documentation, to know if you card's TV-out is
supported under Linux/MPlayer.</LI>
<LI><B>S3 cards</B>: the Savage and Virge/DX chips have hardware acceleration.
Use as new XFree86 version as possible, older drivers are buggy. Savage chips
have problems with YV12 display, see <A HREF="video.html#xv_s3">S3 Xv
section</A> for details. Older, Trio cards have no, or slow hardware
support.</LI>
<LI><B>nVidia cards</B>: may or may not be good choice for video playing.
If you do not have a GeForce2 (or newer) card, it's not likely to work
without bugs.
<B>The built-in nVidia driver in XFree86 does not support hardware YUV
acceleration on all nVidia cards.</B> You have to download nVidia's
closed-source drivers from nVidia.com. See the
<A HREF="video.html#xv_nvidia">nVidia Xv driver</A> section for
details. Please also check the <A HREF="video.html#tv-out_nvidia">nVidia
TV-out section</A> if you wish to use a TV.</LI>
<LI><B>3DLabs GLINT R3 and Permedia3</B>: a VIDIX driver is provided
(pm3_vid). Please see the <A HREF="video.html#vidix">VIDIX</A> section for
details.</LI>
<LI><B>Other cards</B>: None of the above?
<UL>
<LI>Try if the XFree86 driver (and your card) supports hardware
acceleration. See the <A HREF="video.html#xv">Xv section</A> for
details.</LI>
<LI>If it doesn't, then your card's video features aren't supported under
your operating system :(<BR>
If hardware scaling works under Windows, it doesn't mean it will work
under Linux or other operating systems: it depends on the drivers. Most
manufacturers neither make Linux drivers nor release specifications
for their chips, so you are unlucky using their cards.
See 'Non-YUV cards'.</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
<H4>Non-YUV cards</H4>
<P>Fullscreen playing can be achieved by either enabling <B>software scaling</B>
(use the <CODE>-zoom</CODE> or <CODE>-vop scale</CODE>
option, but I warn you: this is slow), or switching to a small resolution
video mode, for example 352x288. If you don't have YUV acceleration, the
latter method is recommended. Video mode switching can be enabled by
using the <CODE>-vm</CODE> option and it works with the following drivers:</P>
<UL>
<LI><B>using</B> XFree86: see the
<A HREF="video.html#dga">DGA driver</A> and
<A HREF="video.html#x11">X11 driver</A> sections for details. DGA is
recommended! Also try DGA via SDL, sometimes it's better.</LI>
<LI><B>not using</B> XFree86: try the drivers in the following order:
<A HREF="video.html#vesa">vesa</A>,
<A HREF="video.html#fbdev">fbdev</A>,
<A HREF="video.html#svgalib">svgalib</A>,
<A HREF="video.html#aalib">aalib</A>.</LI>
</UL>
<H4>Some cards:</H4>
<UL>
<LI><B>Cirrus Logic cards</B>:
<UL>
<LI>GD 7548: present on-board and tested in Compaq Armada 41xx notebook
series.
<UL>
<LI>XFree86 3: works in 8/16bpp modes. However, the driver is
dramatically slow and buggy in 800x600@16bpp.
<B>Recommended: 640x480@16bpp</B></LI>
<LI>XFree86 4: the Xserver freezes soon after start unless
acceleration is disabled, but then the whole thing gets
slower than XFree86 3. No XVideo.</LI>
<LI>FBdev: framebuffer can be turned on with the <CODE>clgenfb</CODE>
driver in the kernel, though for me it worked only in 8bpp, thus
unusable. The clgenfb source had to be extended with the 7548 ID
before compilation.</LI>
<LI>VESA: the card is only VBE 1.2 capable, so VESA output can't be
used. Can't be workarounded with UniVBE.</LI>
<LI>SVGAlib: detects an older Cirrus chip. Usable but slow with
<CODE>-bpp 8</CODE>.</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
<H4>Sound cards:</H4>
<UL>
<LI><B>Soundblaster Live!</B>: with this card you can use 4 or 6 (<B>5.1</B>)
channels AC3 decoding instead of 2. Read the
<A HREF="codecs.html#software_ac3">Software AC3 decoding</A> section.
For hardware AC3 passthrough you <B>must</B> use ALSA 0.9 with OSS emulation!</LI>
<LI><B>C-Media with SP/DIF out</B>: hardware AC3 passthrough is possible
with these cards, see
<A HREF="codecs.html#hardware_ac3">Hardware AC3 decoding</A> section.</LI>
<LI>Features of <B>other cards</B> aren't supported by MPlayer.
<U>It's very recommended to read the <A HREF="sound.html">sound card
section</A>!</U></LI>
</UL>
<H4>Features:</H4>
<UL>
<LI>Decide if you need GUI. If you do, see the <A HREF="#gui">GUI section</A>
before compiling.</LI>
<LI>If you want to install MEncoder (our great all-purpose encoder),
see the <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder section</A>.</LI>
<LI>If you have a V4L compatible <B>TV tuner</B> card, and wish to watch/grab
and encode movies with MPlayer, read the <A HREF="#tv">TV input</A>
section.</LI>
<LI>There is a neat <B>OSD Menu</B> support ready to be used. Check the
<A HREF="#menu">OSD Menu</A> section.</LI>
</UL>
<P>Then build MPlayer:</P>
<PRE>
./configure
make
make install
</PRE>
<P>At this point, MPlayer is ready to use. The directory
<CODE>$PREFIX/etc/mplayer</CODE> contains the <CODE>codecs.conf</CODE>
file, which is used to tell the program all the codecs and their
capabilities. This file should always be kept up to date together with the
main binary.<BR>
Check if you have <CODE>codecs.conf</CODE> in your home directory
(<CODE>~/.mplayer/codecs.conf</CODE>) left from old MPlayer versions, and remove it.</P>
<P><B>Debian users</B> can build a <CODE>.deb</CODE> package for themselves,
it's very simple. Just exec <CODE>fakeroot debian/rules binary</CODE> in
MPlayer's root directory. See
<A HREF="documentation.html#debian">Debian packaging</A> for detailed
instructions.</P>
<P><B>Always browse the output of <CODE>./configure</CODE></B>, and the
<CODE>configure.log</CODE> file, they contain information about what will be
built, and what will not. You may also want to view <CODE>config.h</CODE> and
<CODE>config.mak</CODE> files.<BR>
If you have some libraries installed, but not detected by
<CODE>./configure</CODE>, then check if you also have the proper header files
(usually the -dev packages) and their version matches. The
<CODE>configure.log</CODE> file usually tells you what is missing.</P>
<P>Though not mandatory, the fonts should be installed in order to gain OSD,
and subtitle functionality. The recommended method is installing a TTF
font file and telling MPlayer to use it. See the
<A HREF="#install_osd">Subtitles and OSD</A> section for details.</P>
<H2><A NAME="gui">1.3 What about the GUI?</A></H2>
<P>The GUI needs GTK (it isn't GTK, but the panels are). The skins are stored
in PNG format, so gtk, libpng (and their devel stuff) has to be installed.
You can build it by specifying <CODE>--enable-gui</CODE> during
<CODE>./configure</CODE>. Then, to turn on GUI mode, you either</P>
<UL>
<LI>specify <CODE>gui=yes</CODE> in your config file</LI>
<LI><CODE>ln -s $PREFIX/bin/mplayer $PREFIX/bin/gmplayer</CODE> ,
and call <CODE>gmplayer</CODE> instead.</LI>
</UL>
<P>Currently you can't use the <CODE>-gui</CODE> option on the command line,
due to technical reasons.</P>
<P>As MPlayer doesn't have a skin included, you have to download them if
you want to use the GUI. See the
<A HREF="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/dload.html">download page</A>.
They should be extracted to the usual system-wide directory
(<CODE>$PREFIX/share/mplayer/Skin</CODE>), or to
<CODE>$HOME/.mplayer/Skin</CODE>. MPlayer by default looks in these
directories for a directory named <I>default</I>, but you can use the
<CODE>-skin newskin</CODE> option, or the <CODE>skin=newskin</CODE> config
file directive to use the skin in <CODE>*/Skin/newskin</CODE> directory.</P>
<H2><A NAME="subtitles_osd">1.4 Subtitles and OSD</A></H2>
<P>
MPlayer can display subtitles along with movie files. Currently the following
formats are supported:</P>
<UL>
<LI>VobSub</LI>
<LI>Microdvd</LI>
<LI>SubRip</LI>
<LI>SubViewer</LI>
<LI>Sami</LI>
<LI>VPlayer</LI>
<LI>RT</LI>
<LI>SSA</LI>
<LI>MPsub</LI>
<LI>AQTitle</LI>
<LI>JACOsub</LI>
</UL>
<P>MPlayer can dump the previously listed subtitle formats into the following
destination formats, with the given options:</P>
<UL>
<LI>MPsub: <CODE>-dumpmpsub</CODE></LI>
<LI>SubRip: <CODE>-dumpsrtsub</CODE></LI>
<LI>Microdvd: <CODE>-dumpmicrodvdsub</CODE></LI>
<LI>JACOsub: <CODE>-dumpjacosub</CODE></LI>
<LI>Sami: <CODE>-dumpsami</CODE></LI>
</UL>
<P>The command line options differ slightly for the different formats:</P>
<H4>VobSub subtitles</H4>
<P>VobSub subtitles consist of a big (some megabytes) .SUB file, and optional
.IDX and/or .IFO files.<BR>
Usage: If you have files like <CODE>sample.sub</CODE>,
<CODE>sample.ifo</CODE> (optional), <CODE>sample.idx</CODE> - you have to pass
MPlayer the <CODE>-vobsub sample [-vobsubid <id>]</CODE> options (full
path optional). The <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> option is like <CODE>-sid</CODE>
for DVDs, you can choose between subtitle tracks (languages) with it. In case
that <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> is omitted, MPlayer will try to use the languages
given by the <CODE>-slang</CODE> option and fall back to the
<CODE>langidx</CODE> item in the .IDX file to set the subtitle language. If
that fails, there will be no subtitles.</P>
<H4>Other subtitles</H4>
<P>The other formats consist of a single text file containing timing,
placement and text information.<BR>
Usage: If you have a file like <CODE>sample.txt</CODE>, you have to pass the
option <CODE>-sub sample.txt</CODE> (full path optional).</P>
<H4>Adjusting subtitle timing and placement:</H4>
<DL>
<DT><CODE>-subdelay <sec></CODE></DT>
<DD>Delays subtitles by <sec> seconds. Can be negative.</DD>
<DT><CODE>-subfps <rate></CODE></DT>
<DD>Specify frame/sec rate of subtitle file (float number)</DD>
<DT><CODE>-subpos <0 - 100></CODE></DT>
<DD>Specify the position of subtitles.</DD>
</DL>
<P>If you experience a growing delay between the movie and the subtitles when
using a MicroDVD subtitle file, most likely the frame rate of the movie and
the subtitle file are different.<BR> Please note that the MicroDVD subtitle
format uses absolute frame numbers for its timing, and therefore the
<CODE>-subfps</CODE> option cannot be used with this format. As
MPlayer has no way to guess the frame rate of the subtitle file, you
have to manually convert the frame rate. There is a little perl script in the
<CODE>contrib</CODE> directory of the MPlayer FTP site to do this conversion
for you.</P>
<P>MPlayer will try to guess the subtitle files you want to use when playing a
movie. If, like in most cases, subtitle and movie files have the same name and
are in the same place, you do not need to set the subtitle options. Just play
the movie, MPlayer will handle the subtitles automatically.</P>
<P>About DVD subtitles, read the <A HREF="cd-dvd.html#dvd">DVD section</A>.</P>
<H3><A NAME="mpsub">1.4.1 MPlayer's own subtitle format (MPsub)</A></H3>
<P>MPlayer introduces a new subtitle format called <B>MPsub</B>. It was
designed by me (Gabucino). Basically its main feature is being
<I>dynamically</I> time-based (although it has frame-based mode too). Example
(from
<A HREF="tech/mpsub.sub">DOCS/tech/mpsub.sub</A>):</P>
<P><CODE><I># first number : wait this much after previous subtitle disappeared<BR>
# second number : display the current subtitle for this many seconds<BR>
<BR>
15 3<BR>
A long long, time ago...<BR>
<BR>
0 3<BR>
in a galaxy far away...<BR>
<BR>
0 3<BR>
Naboo was under an attack.<BR></I></CODE></P>
<P>So you see, the main goal was to <B>make subtitle
editing/timing/joining/cutting easy</B>. And, if you - say - get an SSA
subtitle but it's badly timed/delayed to your version of the movie, you
simply do a <CODE>mplayer dummy.avi -sub source.ssa -dumpmpsub</CODE>.
A <CODE>dump.mpsub</CODE> file will be created in the current directory,
which will contain the source subtitle's text, but in <B>MPsub</B> format.
Then you can freely add/subtract seconds to/from the subtitle.</P>
<P>Subtitles are displayed with a technique called <B>'OSD', On Screen
Display</B>. OSD is used to display current time, volume bar, seek bar
etc.</P>
<H3><A NAME="install_osd">1.4.2 Installing OSD and subtitles</A></H3>
<P>You need an MPlayer font package to be able to use OSD/SUB feature.
There are many ways to get it:</P>
<UL>
<LI>download ready-to-use font packages from MPlayer site.
Note: Currently available fonts are limited for iso 8859-1/2 support,
but there are some other (including Korean, Russian, 8859-8 etc) fonts
at contrib/font section of FTP, made by users.<BR>
<BR>
Font should have appropriate font.desc file which maps unicode font
positions to the actual code page of the subtitles text. Other solution is
to have subtitles encoded in utf8 encoding and use <CODE>-utf8</CODE>
option or just name the subtitles file <video_name>.utf and have it
in the same dir as the video file. Recoding from different codepages to
utf8 could be done by using konwert (Debian) or iconv (Red Hat)
programs.<BR>
Some URLs:
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="ftp://ftp.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/fonts/">ftp://ftp.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/fonts/</A> - ISO fonts</LI>
<LI><A HREF="ftp://ftp.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/contrib/fonts/">ftp://ftp.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/contrib/fonts/</A> - various fonts by users</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://realtime.ssu.ac.kr/~lethean/mplayer/">http://realtime.ssu.ac.kr/~lethean/mplayer/</A> - Korean fonts & RAW plugin</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI>use the font generator tool at TOOLS/subfont-c
It's a complete tool to convert from TTF/Type1/etc font to mplayer font pkg.
(read TOOLS/subfont-c/README for details)</LI>
<LI>use the font generator GIMP plugin at TOOLS/subfont-GIMP
(note: you must have HSI RAW plugin too, see URL below)</LI>
<LI>using a TrueType (TTF) font, by the means of the <B>freetype</B>
library. Version 2.0.9 or greater is mandatory! Then you
have two methods:
<UL>
<LI>use the <CODE>-font /path/to/arial.ttf</CODE> option to specify
a TrueType font file on every occassion</LI>
<LI>create a symlink: <CODE>ln -s /path/to/arial.ttf ~/.mplayer/subfont.ttf</CODE></LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
<P>If you chose non-TTF fonts, UNZIP the file you downloaded to <CODE>~/.mplayer</CODE> or
<CODE>$PREFIX/share/mplayer</CODE>. Then rename or symlink one of the extracted directories to
<CODE>font</CODE> (like: <CODE>ln -s ~/.mplayer/arial-24
~/.mplayer/font</CODE>). Now you have to see a timer at the upper left corner
of the movie (switch it off with the "o" key).</P>
<P>OSD has 4 states: (switch with 'o')</P>
<P>(subtitles are <I>always enabled</I>, for disabling them please read the man
page)</P>
<UL>
<LI>volume bar + seek bar (default)</LI>
<LI>volume bar + seek bar + timer + file position percentage on seeking</LI>
<LI>volume bar + seek bar + timer + total duration of media</LI>
<LI>subtitles only</LI>
</UL>
<P>You can change default behaviour by setting <CODE>osdlevel=</CODE> variable
in config file, or the <CODE>-osdlevel</CODE> command line option.</P>
<H3><A NAME="menu">1.4.3 OSD menu</A></H3>
<P>MPlayer has a completely user definiable OSD Menu interface.</P>
<H4>Installation</H4>
<OL>
<LI>compile MPlayer by passing the <CODE>--enable-new-conf
--enable-menu</CODE> parameters to <CODE>./configure</CODE></LI>
<LI>make sure you have an OSD font installed</LI>
<LI>copy <CODE>etc/menu.conf</CODE> to your <CODE>.mplayer</CODE>
directory</LI>
<LI>copy <CODE>etc/input.conf</CODE> to your <CODE>.mplayer</CODE>
directory, or to the system-wide MPlayer config dir (default:
<CODE>/usr/local/etc/mplayer</CODE>)</LI>
<LI>check and edit <CODE>input.conf</CODE> to enable menu movement
keys (it is described there).</LI>
<LI>start MPlayer by the following example:<BR>
<CODE>$ mplayer -menu file.avi</CODE></LI>
<LI>push any menu key you defined</LI>
</OL>
<H2><A NAME="rtc">1.5 RTC</A></H2>
There are three timing methods in MPlayer.
<UL>
<LI><B>To use the old method</B>, you don't have to do anything. It uses
<CODE>usleep()</CODE> to tune A/V sync, with +/- 10ms accuracy. However
sometimes the sync has to be tuned even finer.</LI>
<LI><B>The new timer</B> code uses PC's RTC (Real Time Clock) for this task,
because it has precise 1ms timers. It is automagically enabled when
available, but requires root privileges, a <I>setuid root</I>
MPlayer binary or a properly set up kernel.
<BR>
If you are running kernel 2.4.19pre8 or later you can adjust the maximum
RTC frequency for normal users through the <CODE>/proc</CODE> filesystem.
Use this command to enable RTC for normal users:
<P>
<CODE>echo 1024 > /proc/sys/dev/rtc/max-user-freq</CODE>
</P>
If you do not have such a new kernel, you can also change one line in
<CODE>drivers/char/rtc.c</CODE> and recompile your kernel. Find the
section that reads
<PRE>
* We don't really want Joe User enabling more
* than 64Hz of interrupts on a multi-user machine.
*/
if ((rtc_freq > 64) && (!capable(CAP_SYS_RESOURCE)))
</PRE>
and change the 64 to 1024. You should really know what you are doing, though.
<BR>
You can see the new timer's efficiency in the status line.
<BR>
The power management functions of some notebook BIOSes with speedstep CPUs
interact badly with RTC. Audio and video may get out of sync. Plugging the
external power connector in before you power up your notebook seems to help.
You can always turn off RTC support with the <CODE>-nortc</CODE> switch.
In some hardware combinations (confirmed during usage of non-DMA DVD
drive on an ALi1541 board) usage of the RTC timer causes skippy playback.
It's recommended to use the third method in these cases.</LI>
<LI><B>The third timer code</B> is turned on with the <CODE>-softsleep</CODE>
option. It has the efficiency of the RTC, but it doesn't use RTC. On the other
hand, it requires more CPU.</LI>
</UL>
<B>Note:</B> <B>NEVER install a setuid root MPlayer binary on a multiuser system!</B>
It's a clear way for everyone to become root.
<H1><A NAME="features">2. Features</A></H1>
<H2><A NAME="formats">2.1</A> <A HREF="formats.html">Supported formats</A></H2>
<H2><A NAME="codecs">2.2</A> <A HREF="codecs.html">Supported codecs</A></H2>
<H2><A NAME="output">2.3</A> <A HREF="video.html">Video</A> & <A HREF="sound.html">Audio</A> output devices</H2>
<H2><A NAME="tv"><B>2.4 TV input</B></A></H2>
<P>This section is about how to enable <B>watching/grabbing from V4L compatible
TV tuner</B>. See the man page for a description of TV options and keyboard
controls.</P>
<H3><A NAME="tv_compilation">2.4.1 Compilation</A></H3>
<OL>
<LI>First, you have to recompile. <CODE>./configure</CODE> will autodetect
kernel headers of v4l stuff and the existence of <CODE>/dev/video*</CODE>
entries. If they exist, TV support will be built (see the output of
<CODE>./configure</CODE>).</LI>
<LI>Make sure your tuner works with another TV software in Linux, for example
xawtv.</LI>
</OL>
<H3><A NAME="tv_tips">2.4.2 Usage tips</A></H3>
The full listing of the options is available on the manual page. Here
are just a few tips:
<UL>
<LI>Use the <CODE>channels</CODE> option. An example:<BR>
<CODE>-tv on:channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</CODE><BR>
Explanation: using this option, only the 26 and 23 channels will be usable,
and there will be a nice OSD text upon channel switching, displaying the
channel's name. Spaces in the channel name must be replaced by the "_"
character.</LI>
<LI>Choose some sane image dimensions. The dimensions of the resulting image
should be divisible by 16.</LI>
<LI>If you capture the video with the vertical resolution higher than half of
the full resolution (i.e. 288 for PAL or 240 for NTSC), make sure you
turned deinterlacing on. Otherwise you'll get a movie which is distorted
during fast-motion scenes and the bitrate controller will be probably even
unable to retain the specified bitrate as the interlacing artifacts produce
high amount of detail and thus consume lot of bandwidth. You can enable
deinterlacing with <CODE>-vop pp=DEINT_TYPE</CODE>. Usually
<CODE>pp=lb</CODE> does a good job, but it can be matter of personal
preference. See other deinterlacing algorithms in the manual and give it a
try.</LI>
<LI>Crop out the dead space. When you capture the video, the areas at the
edges are usually black or contain some noise. These again consume lots of
unnecessary bandwidth. More precisely it's not the black areas themselves
but the sharp transitions between the black and the brighter video image
which do but that's not important for now. Before you start capturing,
adjust the arguments of the <CODE>crop</CODE> option so that all the crap
at the margins is cropped out. Again, don't forget to keep the resulting
dimensions sane.</LI>
<LI>Watch out for CPU load. It shouldn't cross the 90% boundary for most of
the time. If you have a large capture buffer, MEncoder can survive an
overload for few seconds but nothing more. It's better to turn off the 3D
OpenGL screensavers and similar stuff.</LI>
<LI>Don't mess with the system clock. MEncoder uses the system clock for
doing A/V sync. If you adjust the system clock (especially backwards in
time), MEncoder gets confused and you will lose frames. This is an
important issue if you are hooked to a network and run some time
synchronization software like NTP. You have to turn NTP off during the
capture process if you want to capture reliably.</LI>
<LI>Don't change the <CODE>outfmt</CODE> unless you know what you are doing
or your card/driver really doesn't support the default (YV12 colorspace).
In the older versions of MPlayer/MEncoder it was necessary to specify the
output format. This issue should be fixed in the current releases and
<CODE>outfmt</CODE> isn't required anymore, and the default suits the most
purposes. For example, if you are capturing into DivX using libavcodec and
specify <CODE>outfmt=RGB24</CODE> in order to increase the quality of the
captured images, the captured image will be actually later converted back
into YV12 so the only thing you achieve is a massive waste of CPU power.
</LI>
<LI>To specify the I420 colorspace (<CODE>outfmt=i420</CODE>), you have to
add an option <CODE>-vc rawi420</CODE> due to a fourcc conflict with an
Intel Indeo video codec.</LI>
<LI>There are several ways of capturing audio. You can grab the sound either
using your soundcard via an external cable connection between video card
and line-in, or using the built-in ADC in the bt878 chip. In the latter
case, you have to load the <b>btaudio</b> driver. Read the
<CODE>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</CODE> file (in the kernel tree,
not MPlayer's) for some instructions on using this driver.</LI>
<LI>If MEncoder cannot open the audio device, make sure that it is really
available. There can be some trouble with the sound servers like arts
(KDE) or esd (GNOME). If you have a full duplex soundcard (almost any
decent card supports it today), and you are using KDE, try to check the
"full duplex" option in the sound server preference menu.</LI>
</UL>
<H3><A NAME="tv_examples">2.4.3 Examples</A></H3>
<P>Dummy output, to AAlib :)<BR>
<CODE> mplayer -tv on:driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa</CODE><BR>
<BR>
Input from standard V4L<BR>
<CODE> mplayer -tv
on:driver=v4l:width=640:height=480 -vo xv</CODE><BR>
<BR>
A more sophisticated example. This makes MEncoder capture the full
PAL image, crop the margins, and deinterlace the picture using
a linear blend algorithm. Audio is compressed with a constant
bitrate of 64kbps, using LAME codec. This setup is suitable for
capturing movies.<BR> <CODE> mencoder -tv
on:driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \<BR>
-ovc lavc -lavcopts
vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \<BR> -oac
mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64 \<BR> -vop
pp=lb,crop=720:544:24:16 -o output.avi </CODE><BR>
<BR>
This will additionally rescale the image to 384x288 and compresses
the video with the bitrate of 350kbps in high quality mode. The
vqmax option looses the quantizer and allows the video compressor to
actualy reach so low bitrate even at the expense of the
quality. This can be used for capturing long TV series, where the
video quality isn't so important.<BR>
<CODE>
mencoder -tv on:driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \<BR>
-ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \<BR>
-oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 \<BR>
-vop scale=384:288,pp=tn/lb,crop=720:540:24:18 -sws 1 -o output.avi
</CODE><BR>
It's also possible to specify smaller image dimensions in the
<CODE>-tv</CODE> option and omit the software scaling but this
approach uses the maximum available information and is a little more
resistant to noise. The bt8x8 chips can do the pixel averaging only
in the horizontal direction due to a hardware limitation.</P>
<H2><A NAME="edl">2.5 Edit Decision Lists (EDL)</A></H2>
<P>The edit decision list (EDL) system allows you to automatically skip or mute
sections of videos during playback, based on a movie specific EDL
configuration file.</P>
<P>This is useful for those who may want to watch a film in "family-friendly"
mode. You can cut out any violence, profanity, Jar-Jar Binks .. from a movie
according to your own personal preferences. Aside from this, there are other
uses, like automatically skipping over commercials in video files you
watch.</P>
<P>The EDL file format is pretty bare-bones. Once the EDL system has reached a
certain level of maturity, an XML-based file format will probably be
implemented (keeping backwards compatibility with previous EDL formats).</P>
<P>The maximum number of EDL entries for the current incarnation of EDL is 1000.
If you happen to need more, change the <CODE>#define MAX_EDL_ENTRIES</CODE>
in the <CODE>edl.h</CODE> file.</P>
<H3><A NAME="edl_using">2.5.1 Using an EDL file</A></H3>
<P>Include the <CODE>-edl <filename></CODE> flag when you run MPlayer,
with the name of the EDL file you want applied to the video.</P>
<H3><A NAME="edl_making">2.5.2 Making an EDL file</A></H3>
<P>The current EDL file format is:</P>
<CODE>[begin second] [end second] [action]</CODE>
<P>Where the seconds are floating-point numbers and the action is either
<CODE>0</CODE> for skip or <CODE>1</CODE> for mute. Example:</P>
<PRE>
5.3 7.1 0
15 16.7 1
420 422 0
</PRE>
<P>This will skip from second 5.3 to second 7.1 of the video, then mute at
15 seconds, unmute at 16.7 seconds and skip from second 420 to second
422 of the video. These actions will be performed when the playback timer
reaches the times given in the file.</P>
<P>To create an EDL file to work from, use the
<CODE>-edlout <filename></CODE> flag. During playback, when you want to
mark the previous two seconds to skip over, hit <CODE>i</CODE>. A
corresponding entry will be written to the file for that time. You can then go
back and fine-tune the generated EDL file.</P>
<H1><A NAME="usage">3. Usage</A></H1>
<H2><A NAME="command_line">3.1 Command line</A></H2>
<P>MPlayer utilizes a complex playtree. It consists of global options
written as first (for example <CODE>mplayer -vfm 5</CODE>), and options
written after filenames, that apply only to the given filename/URL/whatever
(for example <CODE>mplayer -vfm 5 movie1.avi movie2.avi -vfm 4</CODE>).<BR>
You can group filenames/URLs together using { and }. It's useful with
option -loop: <CODE>mplayer { 1.avi -loop 2 2.avi } -loop 3</CODE>
will play files in this order: 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2<BR>
</P>
<TABLE BORDER=0>
<TR><TD> </TD><TD>file</TD><TD> </TD><TD><CODE>mplayer [options] [path/]filename</CODE></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD>files</TD><TD></TD><TD><CODE>mplayer [default options] [path/]filename1 [options for filename1] filename2 [options for filename2] ...</CODE></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD>VCD</TD><TD></TD><TD><CODE>mplayer [options] -vcd trackno [-cdrom-device /dev/cdrom]</CODE></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD>DVD</TD><TD></TD><TD><CODE>mplayer [options] -dvd titleno [-dvd-device /dev/dvd]</CODE></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD>WWW</TD><TD></TD><TD><CODE>mplayer [options] http://site.com/file.asf (playlists can be used, too)</CODE></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD>RTSP</TD><TD></TD><TD><CODE>mplayer [options] rtsp://server.example.com/streamName</CODE></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
Latest versions of MPlayer also accept VCD and DVD tracks in URL style, just like
xine does: <CODE>mplayer dvd://1</CODE> or <CODE>mplayer vcd://1</CODE></P>
<PRE>
mplayer -vo x11 /mnt/Films/Contact/contact2.mpg
mplayer -vcd 2
mplayer -afm 3 /mnt/DVDtrailers/alien4.vob
mplayer -dvd 1 -dvd-device /dev/hdc
mplayer -abs 65536 -delay -0.4 -nobps ~/movies/test.avi
</PRE>
<H2><A NAME="control">3.2 Control</A></H2>
<P>MPlayer has a fully configurable, command driven, control layer which
lets you control MPlayer with keyboard, mouse, joystick or remote
control (using LIRC). See the man page for the complete list of keyboard
controls.</P>
<H3><A NAME="controls_configuration">3.2.1 Controls configuration</A></H3>
<P>MPlayer allows you bind any key/button to any MPlayer command
using a simple config file. The syntax consist of a key name followed by a
command. The default config file location is
<CODE>$HOME/.mplayer/input.conf</CODE> but it can be overridden using the
<CODE>-input</CODE> conf switch (relative path are relative to
<CODE>$HOME/.mplayer</CODE>).
<P>Example:</P>
<PRE>
##
## MPlayer input control file
##
RIGHT seek +10
LEFT seek -10
- audio_delay 0.100
+ audio_delay -0.100
q quit
> pt_step 1
< pt_step -1
ENTER pt_step 1 1
</PRE>
<H4><A NAME="key_names">3.2.1.1 Key names</A></H4>
<P>You can have a full list by running <CODE>mplayer -input keylist</CODE></P>
<H4>Keyboard:</H4>
<UL>
<LI>Any printable character</LI>
<LI>SPACE</LI>
<LI>ENTER</LI>
<LI>TAB</LI>
<LI>CTRL</LI>
<LI>BS</LI>
<LI>DEL</LI>
<LI>INS</LI>
<LI>HOME</LI>
<LI>END</LI>
<LI>PGUP</LI>
<LI>PGDWN</LI>
<LI>ESC</LI>
<LI>RIGHT</LI>
<LI>LEFT</LI>
<LI>UP</LI>
<LI>DOWN</LI>
</UL>
<H4>Mouse (only supported under X):</H4>
<UL>
<LI>MOUSE_BTN0 (Left button)</LI>
<LI>MOUSE_BTN1 (Right button)</LI>
<LI>MOUSE_BTN2 (Middle button)</LI>
<LI>MOUSE_BTN3 (Wheel)</LI>
<LI>MOUSE_BTN4 (Wheel)</LI>
<LI>...</LI>
<LI>MOUSE_BTN9</LI>
</UL>
<H4>Joystick (support must be enabled at compile time):</H4>
<UL>
<LI>JOY_RIGHT or JOY_AXIS0_PLUS</LI>
<LI>JOY_LEFT or JOY_AXIS0_MINUS</LI>
<LI>JOY_UP or JOY_AXIS1_MINUS</LI>
<LI>JOY_DOWN or JOY_AXIS1_PLUS</LI>
<LI>JOY_AXIS2_PLUS</LI>
<LI>JOY_AXIS2_MINUS</LI>
<LI>...</LI>
<LI>JOY_AXIS9_PLUS</LI>
<LI>JOY_AXIS9_MINUS</LI>
</UL>
<H4><A NAME="commands">3.2.1.2 Commands</A></H4>
<P>You can have a full list of known commands by running "mplayer -input cmdlist"</P>
<UL>
<LI><B>seek</B> (int) val [(int) type=0]
<P>Seek to some place in the movie.<BR>
Type 0 is a relative seek of +/- val seconds.<BR>
Type 1 seek to val % in the movie.</P></LI>
<LI><B>audio_delay</B> (float) val
<P>Adjust the audio delay of val seconds</P></LI>
<LI><B>quit</B>
<P>Quit MPlayer</P></LI>
<LI><B>pause</B>
<P>Pause/unpause the playback</P></LI>
<LI><B>grap_frames</B>
<P>Somebody know ?</P></LI>
<LI><B>pt_step</B> (int) val [(int) force=0]
<P>Go to next/previous entry in playtree. Val sign tell the direction.<BR>
If no other entry is available in the given direction it won't do anything
unless force is non 0.</P></LI>
<LI><B>pt_up_step</B> (int) val [(int) force=0]
<P>Like pt_step but it jump to next/previous in the parent list. It's useful
to break inner loop in the playtree.</P></LI>
<LI><B>alt_src_step</B> (int) val
<P>When more than one source is available it select the next/previous one
(only supported by asx playlist).</P></LI>
<LI><B>sub_delay</B> (float) val [(int) abs=0]
<P>Adjust the subtitles delay of +/- val seconds or set it to val seconds
when abs is non zero.</P></LI>
<LI><B>osd</B> [(int) level=-1]
<P>Toggle osd mode or set it to level when level > 0.</P></LI>
<LI><B>volume</B> (int) dir
<P>Increase/decrease volume</P></LI>
<LI><B>contrast</B> (int) val [(int) abs=0]</LI>
<LI><B>brightness</B> (int) val [(int) abs=0]</LI>
<LI><B>hue</B> (int) val [(int) abs=0]</LI>
<LI><B>saturation</B> (int) val [(int) abs=0]
<P>Set/Adjust video parameters. Val range from -100 to 100.</P></LI>
<LI><B>frame_drop</B> [(int) type=-1]
<P>Toggle/Set frame dropping mode.</P></LI>
<LI><B>sub_visibility</B>
<P>Toggle subtitle visibility.</P></LI>
<LI><B>sub_pos</B> (int) val
<P>Adjust subtitles position.</P></LI>
<LI><B>vobsub_lang</B>
<P>Change the language of VobSub subtitles.</P></LI>
<LI><B>vo_fullscreen</B>
<P>Switch fullscreen mode.</P></LI>
<LI><B>tv_step_channel</B> (int) dir
<P>Select next/previous tv channel.</P></LI>
<LI><B>tv_step_norm</B>
<P>Change TV norm.</P></LI>
<LI><B>tv_step_chanlist</B>
<P>Change channel list.</P></LI>
<LI><B>gui_loadfile</B></LI>
<LI><B>gui_loadsubtitle</B></LI>
<LI><B>gui_about</B></LI>
<LI><B>gui_play</B></LI>
<LI><B>gui_stop</B></LI>
<LI><B>gui_playlist</B></LI>
<LI><B>gui_preferences</B></LI>
<LI><B>gui_skinbrowser</B>
<P>GUI actions</P></LI>
</UL>
<H3><A NAME="lirc">3.2.2 Control from LIRC</A></H3>
<P>Linux Infrared Remote Control - use an easy to build home-brewn IR-receiver,
an (almost) arbitrary remote control and control your Linux box with it!
More about it at <A HREF="http://www.lirc.org">www.lirc.org</A>.</P>
<P>If you have installed the lirc-package, configure will autodetect it. If
everything went fine, MPlayer will print a message like "Setting up
lirc support..." on startup. If an error occurs it will tell you. If it
doesn't tell you anything about LIRC there's no support compiled in. That's
it :-)</P>
<P>The application name for MPlayer is - oh wonder - <CODE>mplayer</CODE>.
You can use any mplayer commands and even pass more than one command by
separating them with \n. Don't forget to enable the repeat flag in .lircrc
when it make sense (seek, volume, etc). Here's an excerpt from my
.lircrc:</P>
<PRE>
begin
button = VOLUME_PLUS
prog = mplayer
config = volume 1
repeat = 1
end
begin
button = VOLUME_MINUS
prog = mplayer
config = volume -1
repeat = 1
end
begin
button = CD_PLAY
prog = mplayer
config = pause
end
begin
button = CD_STOP
prog = mplayer
config = seek 0 1\npause
end
</PRE>
<P>If you don't like the standard location for the lirc-config file (~/.lircrc)
use the -lircconf <filename> switch to specify another file.</P>
<H3><A NAME="slave">3.2.3 Slave mode</A></H3>
<P>The slave mode allow you to build simple frontend to MPlayer. When
enabled (with the <CODE>-slave</CODE> switch) MPlayer will read
commands separated by new line (\n) from stdin.</P>
<H2><A NAME="streaming">3.3 Streaming from network or pipes</A></H2>
<P>MPlayer can play files from network, using the HTTP, MMS or RTSP/RTP
protocol.</P>
<P>Playing goes by simply using adding the URL to the command line.
MPlayer also honors the http_proxy environment variable, and uses
proxy if available. Proxy usage can also be forced:</P>
<P><CODE>mplayer http_proxy://proxy.micorsops.com:3128/http://micorsops.com:80/stream.asf</CODE></P>
<P>MPlayer can read from stdin (NOT named pipes). This can be for example
used to play from FTP:</P>
<P><CODE> wget ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi -O - | mplayer -</CODE></P>
<P>Note: it's also recommended to enable CACHE when playback from network:</P>
<P><CODE> wget ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi -O - | mplayer -cache 8192 -</CODE></P>
<H1><A NAME="faq">4.</A> <A HREF="faq.html">FAQ section</A></H1>
<H1><A NAME="cd/dvd">5.</A> <A HREF="cd-dvd.html">CD/DVD section</A></H1>
<H1><A NAME="ports">6. Ports</A></H1>
<H2><A NAME="linux">6.1 Linux</A></H2>
<P>The main development platform is Linux on x86, altough MPlayer works on many
other Linux ports.</P>
<H3><A NAME="debian">6.1.1 Debian packaging</A></H3>
<P>To build a Debian package, run the following command in the MPlayer source
directory:</P>
<PRE>
fakeroot debian/rules binary
</PRE>
<P>As root you can then install the <CODE>.deb</CODE> package as usual:</P>
<PRE>
dpkg -i ../mplayer_<version>.deb
</PRE>
<P>Christian Marillat has been making unofficial Debian MPlayer, MEncoder and
font packages for a while, you can (apt-)get them from his
<A HREF="http://marillat.free.fr/">homepage</A>. These packages are highly
unofficial, however, as Christian made and redistributed these packages when
MPlayer was still not fully GPLed and
<A HREF="users_against_developers.html#binary">binary redistribution</A> was
not allowed. Christian ignored requests to stop redistributing his packages,
which caused bad blood with MPlayer developers. Binary redistribution is not
a problem anymore, but we <B>do not support</B> these packages!</P>
<H3><A NAME="rpm">6.1.2 RPM packaging</A></H3>
<P>Dominik Mierzejewski created and maintains official Red Hat RPM packages of
MPlayer. They are available from his
<A HREF="http://www.piorunek.pl/~dominik/linux/pkgs/mplayer/">homepage</A>.
Please read the instructions there and report problems to him, not us.</P>
<P>There are other RPM versions (SuSE now includes MPlayer in their official
distribution, Mandrake packages are available from the
<A HREF="http://plf.zarb.org/">P.L.F</A>) of MPlayer, but none of them is
officially supported.</P>
<H3><A NAME="arm">6.1.3 ARM</A></H3>
<P>MPlayer works on Linux PDAs with ARM CPU e.g. Sharp Zaurus, Compaq Ipaq.
The easiest way to obtain MPlayer is to get it from one of the
<A HREF="http://www.openzaurus.org">Openzaurus</A> package feeds.
If you want to compile it yourself, you should look at the
<A HREF="http://openzaurus.bkbits.net:8080/buildroot/src/packages/mplayer?nav=index.html|src/.|src/packages">mplayer</A>
and the
<A HREF="http://openzaurus.bkbits.net:8080/buildroot/src/packages/libavcodec?nav=index.html|src/.|src/packages">libavcodec</A>
directory in the OpenZaurus distribution buildroot. These always have the
latest Makefile and patches used for building a CVS MPlayer with libavcodec.
<BR>If you need a GUI frontend, you can use xmms-embedded.</P>
<H2><A NAME="bsd">6.2 *BSD</A></H2>
<P>MPlayer runs on FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, BSD/OS and Darwin. There are
ports/pkgsrc/fink/etc versions of MPlayer available that are probably easier
to use than our raw sources.</P>
<P>To build MPlayer you will need GNU make (gmake - native BSD make will not
work) and a recent version of binutils.</P>
<P>If MPlayer complains about not finding <CODE>/dev/cdrom</CODE> or
<CODE>/dev/dvd</CODE>, create an appropiate symbolic link:<BR>
<CODE>ln -s /dev/(your_cdrom_device) /dev/cdrom</CODE>.</P>
<P>To use Win32 DLLs with MPlayer you will need to re-compile the kernel with
"<CODE>option USER_LDT</CODE>" (unless you run FreeBSD -CURRENT, where this
is the default).</P>
<H3><A NAME="freebsd">6.2.1 FreeBSD</A></H3>
<P>If your CPU has SSE, recompile your kernel with "options CPU_ENABLE_SSE" to
use it (FreeBSD-STABLE or kernel patches required).</P>
<H3><A NAME="openbsd">6.2.2 OpenBSD</A></H3>
<P>Due to limitations in different versions of gas (relocation vs MMX), you will
need to compile in two steps: First make sure that the non-native as is first
in your <CODE>$PATH</CODE> and do a <CODE>gmake -k</CODE>, then make sure that
the native version is used and do <CODE>gmake</CODE>.</P>
<H2><A NAME="solaris">6.3 Solaris</A></H2>
<P>MPlayer should work on Solaris 2.6 or newer.</P>
<P>On <B>UltraSPARC</B>s, MPlayer takes advantage of their <B>VIS</B>
extensions (equivalent to MMX), currently only in <I>libmpeg2</I>,
<I>libvo</I> and <I>libavcodec</I>, but not in mp3lib. You can watch a VOB
file on a 400MHz CPU. You'll need
<A HREF="http://www.sun.com/sparc/vis/mediaLib.html">mLib</A> installed.</P>
<P>To build the package you will need GNU make (gmake, /opt/sfw/gmake), native
Solaris make will not work. Typical error you get when building with Solaris'
make instead of GNU make:</P>
<PRE>
% /usr/ccs/bin/make
make: Fatal error in reader: Makefile, line 25: Unexpected end of line seen
</PRE>
<P>On Solaris SPARC, you need the GNU C/C++ Compiler; it does not matter
if GNU C/C++ compiler is configured with or without the GNU assembler.</P>
<P>On Solaris x86, you need the GNU assembler and the GNU C/C++ compiler,
configured to use the GNU assembler! The mplayer code on the x86 platform
makes heavy use of MMX, SSE and 3DNOW! instructions that cannot be compiled
using Sun's assembler <CODE>/usr/ccs/bin/as</CODE>.</P>
<P>The configure script tries to find out, which assembler program is used by
your "gcc" command (in case the autodetection fails, use the
<CODE>--as=/whereever/you/have/installed/gnu-as</CODE> option to tell the
configure script where it can find GNU "as" on your system).</P>
<P>Error message from configure on a Solaris x86 system using GCC
without GNU assembler:</P>
<PRE>
% configure
...
Checking assembler (/usr/ccs/bin/as) ... , failed
Please upgrade(downgrade) binutils to 2.10.1...
</PRE>
<P>(Solution: Install and use a gcc configured with "--with-as=gas")</P>
<P>Typical error you get when building with a GNU C compiler that does
not use GNU as:</P>
<PRE>
% gmake
...
gcc -c -Iloader -Ilibvo -O4 -march=i686 -mcpu=i686 -pipe -ffast-math
-fomit-frame-pointer -I/usr/local/include -o mplayer.o mplayer.c
Assembler: mplayer.c
"(stdin)", line 3567 : Illegal mnemonic
"(stdin)", line 3567 : Syntax error
... more "Illegal mnemonic" and "Syntax error" errors ...
</PRE>
<P>Due to bugs in Solaris 8, you may not be able to play DVD discs larger
than 4 GB:</P>
<UL>
<LI>The sd(7D) driver on Solaris 8 x86 has a bug when accessing a disk
block >4GB on a device using a logical blocksize != DEV_BSIZE (i.e. CD-ROM
and DVD media). Due to a 32Bit int overflow, a disk address modulo 4GB is
accessed.
(<A HREF="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/solarisonintel/message/22516">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/solarisonintel/message/22516</A>)
<P>
This problem does not exist in the SPARC version of Solaris 8.
</LI>
<LI>A similar bug is present in the hsfs(7FS) filesystem code (aka
ISO9660), hsfs may not not support partitions/disks larger than 4GB, all data
is accessed modulo 4GB.
(<A HREF="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/solarisonintel/message/22592">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/solarisonintel/message/22592</A>).
<P>
The hsfs problem can be fixed by installing patch 109764-04 (sparc) /
109765-04 (x86).
</LI>
</UL>
<P>On Solaris with an UltraSPARC CPU, you can get some extra speed by
using the CPU's VIS instructions for certain time consuming operations.
VIS acceleration can be used in MPlayer by calling functions in Sun's
<A HREF="http://www.sun.com/sparc/vis/mediaLib.html">mediaLib</A>.</P>
<P>VIS accelerated operations from mediaLib are used for mpeg2 video
decoding and for color space conversion in the video output drivers.</P>
<H2><A NAME="sgi">6.5 Silicon Graphics / IRIX</A></H2>
<P>You can either try to install the GNU install program, and (if you did not
put it in your global path) then point to the location with:</P>
<PRE>
./configure --install-path=PATH
</PRE>
<P>Or you can use the default install delivered with IRIX 6.5 in which case you
will have to edit the Makefile a littlebit by hand. Change the following two
lines:</P>
<PRE>
$(INSTALL) -c -m 644 DOCS/mplayer.1 $(MANDIR)/man1/mplayer.1
$(INSTALL) -c -m 644 etc/codecs.conf $(CONFDIR)/codecs.conf
</PRE>
<P>to:</P>
<PRE>
$(INSTALL) -m 644 mplayer.1 $(MANDIR)/man1/
$(INSTALL) -m 644 codecs.conf $(CONFDIR)/
</PRE>
<P>And then do (from within the MPlayer source dir):</P>
<PRE>
cp DOCS/mplayer.1 . ; cp etc/codecs.conf .
</PRE>
<P>and then go on with building and installing.</P>
<H2><A NAME="qnx">6.6 QNX</A></H2>
<P>Works. You'll need to download SDL for QNX, and install it. Then run
MPlayer with <CODE>-vo sdl:photon</CODE> and <CODE>-ao sdl:nto</CODE>
options, and it should be fast.</P>
<P>The <CODE>-vo x11</CODE> output will be even slower than on Linux, since
QNX has only X <I>emulation</I> which is VERY slow. Use SDL.</P>
<H2><A NAME="cygwin">6.7 Cygwin</A></H2>
<P>The Cygwin port is still in its infancy. Currently there is no support for
Win32 DLLs, VCDs or OpenGL. SDL is known to distort sound and image or crash
on some systems. <A HREF="tech/patches.txt">Patches</A> are always welcome.
Best results are achieved with the native DirectX video output driver
(<CODE>-vo directx</CODE>) and the native Windows waveout audio driver
(<CODE>-ao win32</CODE>). You should also check out the
<A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-cygwin/">mplayer-cygwin</A>
mailing list for help and latest information.</P>
<P>You have to copy or symlink <CODE>etc/cygwin_inttypes.h</CODE> from the
MPlayer source directory to <CODE>/usr/include/inttypes.h</CODE> in order to
make MPlayer compile.</P>
<P>To get native DirectX video, download
<A HREF="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/dx7headers.tgz">DirectX 7 header files</A>,
extract them to <CODE>/usr/include/</CODE> or <CODE>/usr/local/include/</CODE>
and recompile. If the image is distorted, try turning off hardware
acceleration with <CODE>-vo directx:noaccel</CODE>.</P>
<P>Instructions and files for making SDL run under Cygwin can be found on the
<A HREF="http://www.libsdl.org/extras/win32/cygwin/">libsdl site</A>.</P>
<H1><A NAME="encoding">7.</A> <A HREF="encoding.html">Encoding with MEncoder</A></H1>
<H1><A NAME="mailing_lists">Appendix A - Mailing lists</A></H1>
<P>There are some public mailing lists on MPlayer. Unless explicitly
stated otherwise the language of these lists is <B>English</B>. Please do
not send messages in other languages or HTML mail! Message size limit is 80k.
If you have something bigger put it up for download somewhere. Click the
links to subscribe. On the mailing lists, the same rules about writing
and quoting apply as on usenet. Please follow them, it makes the life of
those who read your mails a lot easier. If you do not know them please
read <A HREF="http://learn.to/edit_messages">HOWTO edit messages</A> or
(if you are in a hurry)
<A HREF="http://www.xs4all.nl/~hanb/documents/quotingguide.html">
Quoting HOWTO</A>.</P>
<UL>
<LI>MPlayer announce list:
<A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-announce">http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-announce</A><BR>
List for MPlayer announcements. Subscribe here if you want to get
announcements about new features.</LI>
<LI>MPlayer developers list:
<A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-dev-eng">http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-dev-eng</A><BR>
This list is about MPlayer development! Talking about interface/API
changes, new libraries, code optimization, configure changes is ontopic
here. Send patches but <B>not</B> bug reports, user questions, feature
requests or flames here to keep the list traffic low.</LI>
<LI>MPlayer users list:
<A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-users">http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-users</A>
<UL>
<LI>Send bug reports here after reading the <A HREF="#known_bugs">Known Bugs</A>
and <A HREF="bugreports.html">bug reporting section</A>).</LI>
<LI>Send feature requests here (after reading the <B>whole</B>
documentation).</LI>
<LI>Send user questions here (after reading the <B>whole</B>
documentation).</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI>MPlayer Hungarian users list:
<A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-felhasznalok">http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-felhasznalok</A>
<UL>
<LI>Hungarian language list</LI>
<LI>Topic? We'll see about it... mostly flame and RTFM questions up to
now :(</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI>MPlayer & Matrox G200/G400/G450/G550 users:
<A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-matrox">http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-matrox</A><BR>
Matrox related questions like
<UL>
<LI>things about mga_vid</LI>
<LI>Matrox's official beta drivers (for X 4.x.x)</LI>
<LI>matroxfb-TVout stuff</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI>MPlayer & DVB card users:
<A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-dvb">http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-dvb</A><BR>
Things related to the hardware decoder card called DVB (<B>not</B> DXR3!).
</LI>
<LI>MPlayer CVS-log:
<A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-cvslog">http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-cvslog</A><BR>
All changes in MPlayer code are automatically sent to this list. Only
questions about these changes belong here (if you do not understand why a
change is required or you have a better fix or you have noticed a possible
bug/problem in the commit).
</LI>
<LI>MPlayer CygWin-porting list:
<A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-cygwin">http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-cygwin</A><BR>
List for discussion about MPlayer's CygWin port.
</LI>
<LI>MPlayer OS/2-porting list:
<A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-os2">http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-os2</A><BR>
List for discussion about MPlayer's OS/2 port.
</LI>
<LI>MPlayer Weekly News' editors and translators list:
<A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-mwn">http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-mwn</A><BR>
List for discussion about the Weekly News releases.
</LI>
</UL>
<P><B>Note:</B> You can reach the searchable mailing list archives at
<A HREF="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/cgi-bin/htsearch">http://www.mplayerhq.hu/cgi-bin/htsearch</A>.
<H1><A NAME="bug_reports">Appendix B</A> - <A HREF="bugreports.html">How to report bugs</A></H1>
<H1><A NAME="known_bugs">Appendix C - Known bugs</A></H1>
<P>Special system/CPU-specific bugs/problems:</P>
<UL>
<LI>SIGILL (signal 4) on P3 using 2.2.x kernels:<BR>
Problem: kernel 2.2.x doesn't have proper (working) SSE support<BR>
Solution: upgrade kernel to 2.4.x<BR>
Workaround: <CODE>./configure --disable-sse</CODE></LI>
<LI>General SIGILL (signal 4):<BR>
Problem: you compiled and run mplayer in different machines
(for example compiled on P3 and running on Celeron)<BR>
Solution: compile MPlayer on the same machine where you will use it!<BR>
Workaround: <CODE>./configure --disable-sse</CODE> etc. options</LI>
<LI>"Internal buffer inconsistency" during MEncoder run:<BR>
Problem: known problem when lame < 3.90 was compiled with gcc 2.96 or 3.x.<BR>
Solution: use lame >=3.90.<BR>
Workaround: compile lame with gcc 2.95.x and remove any already installed
lame packages, they may have been compiled with gcc 2.96.</LI>
<LI>Messed up MP2/MP3 sound on PPC:<BR>
Problem: known GCC miscompilation bug on PPC platforms, no fix yet.<BR>
Workaround: use FFmpeg's (slow) MP1/MP2/MP3 decoder (<CODE>-ac ffmpeg</CODE>)</LI>
<LI>sig11 in libmpeg2, when scaling+encoding:<BR>
Problem: known GCC 2.95.2 MMX bug, upgrade to 2.95.3.</LI>
</UL>
<P>Various A-V sync and other audio problems:</P>
General audio delay or jerky sound (exists with all or many files):
<UL>
<LI>most common: buggy audio driver! - try to use different drivers, try
ALSA 0.9 OSS emulation with -ao oss, also try -ao sdl, sometimes it helps.
If your file plays fine with -nosound, then you can be sure it's sound card
(driver) problem.</LI>
<LI>audio buffer problems (buffer size badly detected)<BR>
Workaround: mplayer -abs option</LI>
<LI>samplerate problems - maybe your card doesn't support the samplerate
used in your files - try the resampling plugin (-aop)</LI>
<LI>slow machine (CPU or VGA)<BR>
try with -vo null, if it plays well, then you have slow VGA card/driver<BR>
Workaround: buy a faster card or read this documentation about how to speed up<BR>
Also try -framedrop</LI>
</UL>
Audio delay/de-sync specific to one or a few files:
<UL>
<LI>bad file<BR>
Workaround:
<UL>
<LI>-ni or -nobps option (for non-interleaved or bad files)<BR>
and/or</LI>
<LI>-mc 0 (required for files with badly interleaved VBR audio)<BR>
and/or</LI>
<LI>-delay option or +/- keys at runtime to adjust delay</LI>
</UL>
If none of these help, please upload the file, we'll check (and fix).
</LI>
<LI>your sound card doesn't support 48kHz playback<BR>
Workaround: buy a better sound card... or try to decrease fps by 10% (use
-fps 27 for a 30fps movie) or use the resampler plugin</LI>
<LI>slow machine<BR>
(if A-V is not around 0, and the last number in the status line increasing)<BR>
Workaround: -framedrop</LI>
</UL>
No sound at all:
<UL>
<LI>your file uses an unsupported audio codec<BR>
Workaround: read the documentation and help us adding support for it</LI>
</UL>
No picture at all (just plain grey/green window):
<UL>
<LI>your file uses an unsupported video codec<BR>
Workaround: read the documentation and help us adding support for it</LI>
<LI>auto-selected codec can't decode the file, try to select another using -vc
or -vfm options</LI>
<LI>you try to play DivX 3.x file with OpenDivX decoder or XviD (-vc odivx)
- install Divx4Linux and recompile player</LI>
</UL>
<P>Video-out problems:</P>
<P>First note: options -fs -vm and -zoom are just recommendations, not (yet)
supported by all drivers. So it isn't a bug if it doesn't work.
Only a few driver supports scaling/zooming, don't expect this from x11 or dga.</P>
<P>OSD/sub flickering:<BR>
- x11 driver: sorry, it can't be fixed now<BR>
- xv driver: use -double option</P>
<P>Green image using mga_vid (-vo mga / -vo xmga):<BR>
- mga_vid misdetected your card's RAM amount, reload it using mga_ram_size option</P>
<H1><A NAME="skin">Appendix D</A> - <A HREF="skin-en.html">MPlayer skin format</A></H1>
<H1><A NAME="flame_wars">Appendix E</A> - <A HREF="users_against_developers.html">Developer Cries</A></H1>
<H1><A NAME="patches">Appendix F</A> - <A HREF="tech/patches.txt">How to send patches</A></H1>
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