path: root/src/reduce.sml

(* Copyright (c) 2008-2011, 2013, Adam Chlipala
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * - The names of contributors may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *)

(* Simplify a Core program algebraically *)

structure Reduce :> REDUCE = struct

open Core

structure IS = IntBinarySet
structure IM = IntBinaryMap

structure E = CoreEnv

fun multiLiftConInCon n c =
    if n = 0 then
        c
    else
        multiLiftConInCon (n - 1) (E.liftConInCon 0 c)

fun multiLiftExpInExp n e =
    if n = 0 then
        e
    else
        multiLiftExpInExp (n - 1) (E.liftExpInExp 0 e)

val count = CoreUtil.Exp.foldB {kind = fn (_, _, c) => c,
                                con = fn (_, _, c) => c,
                                exp = fn (x, e, c) =>
                                         case e of
                                             ERel x' => if x = x' then c + 1 else c
                                           | _ => c,
                                bind = fn (x, b) =>
                                          case b of
                                              CoreUtil.Exp.RelE _ => x+1
                                            | _ => x} 0 0

val dangling =
    CoreUtil.Exp.existsB {kind = fn _ => false,
                          con = fn _ => false,
                          exp = fn (n, e) =>
                                   case e of
                                       ERel n' => n' >= n
                                     | _ => false,
                          bind = fn (n, b) =>
                                    case b of
                                        CoreUtil.Exp.RelE _ => n + 1
                                      | _ => n}

val cdangling =
    CoreUtil.Exp.existsB {kind = fn _ => false,
                          con = fn (n, c) =>
                                   case c of
                                       CRel n' => n' >= n
                                     | _ => false,
                          exp = fn _ => false,
                          bind = fn (n, b) =>
                                    case b of
                                        CoreUtil.Exp.RelC _ => n + 1
                                      | _ => n}

datatype env_item =
         UnknownK
       | KnownK of kind

       | UnknownC
       | KnownC of con

       | UnknownE
       | KnownE of exp

       | Lift of int * int * int

val edepth = foldl (fn (UnknownE, n) => n + 1
                     | (KnownE _, n) => n + 1
                     | (_, n) => n) 0

val edepth' = foldl (fn (UnknownE, n) => n + 1
                      | (KnownE _, n) => n + 1
                      | (Lift (_, _, n'), n) => n + n'
                      | (_, n) => n) 0

val cdepth = foldl (fn (UnknownC, n) => n + 1
                     | (KnownC _, n) => n + 1
                     | (_, n) => n) 0

val cdepth' = foldl (fn (UnknownC, n) => n + 1
                      | (KnownC _, n) => n + 1
                      | (Lift (_, n', _), n) => n + n'
                      | (_, n) => n) 0

type env = env_item list

fun ei2s ei =
    case ei of
        UnknownK => "UK"
      | KnownK _ => "KK"
      | UnknownC => "UC"
      | KnownC _ => "KC"
      | UnknownE => "UE"
      | KnownE _ => "KE"
      | Lift (_, n1, n2) => "(" ^ Int.toString n1 ^ ", " ^ Int.toString n2 ^ ")"

fun e2s env = String.concatWith " " (map ei2s env)

(*val deKnown = List.filter (fn KnownC _ => false
                            | KnownE _ => false
                            | KnownK _ => false
                            | _ => true)*)

val deKnown = ListUtil.mapConcat (fn KnownC _ => []
                                   | KnownE _ => []
                                   | KnownK _ => []
                                   | Lift (nk, nc, ne) => List.tabulate (nk, fn _ => UnknownK)
                                                          @ List.tabulate (nc, fn _ => UnknownC)
                                                          @ List.tabulate (ne, fn _ => UnknownE)
                                   | x => [x])

datatype result = Yes of env | No | Maybe

fun match (env, p : pat, e : exp) =
    let
        val baseline = length env

        fun match (env, p, e) =
            case (#1 p, #1 e) of
                (PWild, _) => Yes env
              | (PVar (x, t), _) => Yes (KnownE (multiLiftExpInExp (length env - baseline) e) :: env)

              | (PPrim p, EPrim p') =>
                if Prim.equal (p, p') then
                    Yes env
                else
                    No

              | (PCon (_, PConVar n1, _, NONE), ECon (_, PConVar n2, _, NONE)) =>
                if n1 = n2 then
                    Yes env
                else
                    No

              | (PCon (_, PConVar n1, _, SOME p), ECon (_, PConVar n2, _, SOME e)) =>
                if n1 = n2 then
                    match (env, p, e)
                else
                    No

              | (PCon (_, PConFfi {mod = m1, con = con1, ...}, _, NONE),
                 ECon (_, PConFfi {mod = m2, con = con2, ...}, _, NONE)) =>
                if m1 = m2 andalso con1 = con2 then
                    Yes env
                else
                    No

              | (PCon (_, PConFfi {mod = m1, con = con1, ...}, _, SOME ep),
                 ECon (_, PConFfi {mod = m2, con = con2, ...}, _, SOME e)) =>
                if m1 = m2 andalso con1 = con2 then
                    match (env, p, e)
                else
                    No

              | (PRecord xps, ERecord xes) =>
                if List.exists (fn ((CName _, _), _, _) => false
                                 | _ => true) xes then
                    Maybe
                else
                    let
                        fun consider (xps, env) =
                            case xps of
                                [] => Yes env
                              | (x, p, _) :: rest =>
                                case List.find (fn ((CName x', _), _, _) => x' = x
                                                 | _ => false) xes of
                                    NONE => No
                                  | SOME (_, e, _) =>
                                    case match (env, p, e) of
                                        No => No
                                      | Maybe => Maybe
                                      | Yes env => consider (rest, env)
                    in
                        consider (xps, env)
                    end

              | _ => Maybe
    in
        match (env, p, e)
    end

fun returnType m loc =
    (TCFun ("a", (KType, loc),
            (TFun ((CRel 0, loc),
                   (CApp (multiLiftConInCon 1 m, (CRel 0, loc)), loc)), loc)), loc)

fun bindType m loc =
    (TCFun ("a", (KType, loc),
            (TCFun ("b", (KType, loc),
                    (TFun ((CApp (multiLiftConInCon 2 m, (CRel 1, loc)), loc),
                           (TFun ((TFun ((CRel 1, loc),
                                         (CApp (multiLiftConInCon 2 m, (CRel 0, loc)), loc)),
                                   loc),
                                  (CApp (multiLiftConInCon 2 m, (CRel 0, loc)), loc)), loc)),
                     loc)), loc)), loc)

fun monadRecord m loc =
    (TRecord (CRecord ((KType, loc),
                       [((CName "Return", loc),
                         returnType m loc),
                        ((CName "Bind", loc),
                         bindType m loc)]), loc), loc)

fun passive (e : exp) =
    case #1 e of
        EPrim _ => true
      | ERel _ => true
      | ENamed _ => true
      | ECon (_, _, _, NONE) => true
      | ECon (_, _, _, SOME e) => passive e
      | EFfi _ => true
      | EAbs _ => true
      | ECAbs _ => true
      | EKAbs _ => true
      | ERecord xes => List.all (passive o #2) xes
      | EField (e, _, _) => passive e
      | _ => false

fun notFfi (t : con) =
    case #1 t of
        CFfi _ => false
      | _ => true

fun kindConAndExp (namedC, namedE) =
    let
        fun kind env (all as (k, loc)) =
            case k of
                KType => all
              | KArrow (k1, k2) => (KArrow (kind env k1, kind env k2), loc)
              | KName => all
              | KRecord k => (KRecord (kind env k), loc)
              | KUnit => all
              | KTuple ks => (KTuple (map (kind env) ks), loc)

              | KRel n =>
                let
                    fun find (n', env, nudge, lift) =
                        case env of
                            [] => raise Fail "Reduce.kind: KRel"
                          | UnknownC :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, lift)
                          | KnownC _ :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, lift)
                          | UnknownE :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, lift)
                          | KnownE _ :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, lift)
                          | Lift (lift', _, _) :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge + lift', lift + lift')
                          | UnknownK :: rest =>
                            if n' = 0 then
                                (KRel (n + nudge), loc)
                            else
                                find (n' - 1, rest, nudge, lift + 1)
                          | KnownK k :: rest =>
                            if n' = 0 then
                                kind (Lift (lift, 0, 0) :: rest) k
                            else
                                find (n' - 1, rest, nudge - 1, lift)
                in
                    find (n, env, 0, 0)
                end
              | KFun (x, k) => (KFun (x, kind (UnknownK :: env) k), loc)

        fun con env (all as (c, loc)) =
            ((*Print.prefaces "con" [("c", CorePrint.p_con CoreEnv.empty all)];*)
            case c of
                TFun (c1, c2) => (TFun (con env c1, con env c2), loc)
              | TCFun (x, k, c2) => (TCFun (x, kind env k, con (UnknownC :: env) c2), loc)
              | TKFun (x, c2) => (TKFun (x, con (UnknownK :: env) c2), loc)
              | TRecord c => (TRecord (con env c), loc)

              | CRel n =>
                let
                    fun find (n', env, nudge, liftK, liftC) =
                        case env of
                            [] => raise Fail "Reduce.con: CRel"
                          | UnknownK :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK + 1, liftC)
                          | KnownK _ :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK, liftC)
                          | UnknownE :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK, liftC)
                          | KnownE _ :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK, liftC)
                          | Lift (liftK', liftC', _) :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge + liftC',
                                                                      liftK + liftK', liftC + liftC')
                          | UnknownC :: rest =>
                            if n' = 0 then
                                (CRel (n + nudge), loc)
                            else
                                find (n' - 1, rest, nudge, liftK, liftC + 1)
                          | KnownC c :: rest =>
                            if n' = 0 then
                                con (Lift (liftK, liftC, 0) :: rest) c
                            else
                                find (n' - 1, rest, nudge - 1, liftK, liftC)
                in
                    (*print (Int.toString n ^ ": " ^ e2s env ^ "\n");*)
                    find (n, env, 0, 0, 0)
                end

              | CNamed n =>
                (case IM.find (namedC, n) of
                     NONE => all
                   | SOME c => c)

              | CFfi ("Basis", "monad") => (CAbs ("m", (KArrow ((KType, loc), (KType, loc)), loc), monadRecord (CRel 0, loc) loc), loc)

              | CFfi _ => all
              | CApp (c1, c2) =>
                let
                    val c1 = con env c1
                    val c2 = con env c2
                in
                    case #1 c1 of
                        CAbs (_, _, b) =>
                        con (KnownC c2 :: deKnown env) b

                      | CApp ((CMap (dom, ran), _), f) =>
                        (case #1 c2 of
                             CRecord (_, []) => (CRecord (kind env ran, []), loc)
                           | CRecord (_, (x, c) :: rest) =>
                             con (deKnown env)
                                 (CConcat ((CRecord (ran, [(x, (CApp (f, c), loc))]), loc),
                                           (CApp (c1, (CRecord (kind env dom, rest), loc)), loc)), loc)
                           | _ => (CApp (c1, c2), loc))                           

                      | _ => (CApp (c1, c2), loc)
                end
              | CAbs (x, k, b) => (CAbs (x, kind env k, con (UnknownC :: env) b), loc)

              | CKApp (c1, k) =>
                let
                    val c1 = con env c1
                in
                    case #1 c1 of
                        CKAbs (_, b) =>
                        con (KnownK k :: deKnown env) b

                      | _ => (CKApp (c1, kind env k), loc)
                end
              | CKAbs (x, b) => (CKAbs (x, con (UnknownK :: env) b), loc)

              | CName _ => all

              | CRecord (k, xcs) => (CRecord (kind env k, map (fn (x, c) => (con env x, con env c)) xcs), loc)
              | CConcat (c1, c2) =>
                let
                    val c1 = con env c1
                    val c2 = con env c2
                in
                    case (#1 c1, #1 c2) of
                        (CRecord (k, xcs1), CRecord (_, xcs2)) =>
                        (CRecord (kind env k, xcs1 @ xcs2), loc)
                      | (CRecord (_, []), _) => c2
                      | (_, CRecord (_, [])) => c1
                      | _ => (CConcat (c1, c2), loc)
                end
              | CMap (dom, ran) => (CMap (kind env dom, kind env ran), loc)

              | CUnit => all

              | CTuple cs => (CTuple (map (con env) cs), loc)
              | CProj (c, n) =>
                let
                    val c = con env c
                in
                    case #1 c of
                        CTuple cs => List.nth (cs, n - 1)
                      | _ => (CProj (c, n), loc)
                end)

        fun patCon pc =
            case pc of
                PConVar _ => pc
              | PConFfi {mod = m, datatyp, params, con = c, arg, kind} =>
                PConFfi {mod = m, datatyp = datatyp, params = params, con = c,
                         arg = Option.map (con (map (fn _ => UnknownC) params)) arg,
                         kind = kind}


        val k = (KType, ErrorMsg.dummySpan)
        fun doPart e (this as (x, t), rest) =
            ((x, (EField (e, x, {field = t, rest = (CRecord (k, rest), #2 t)}), #2 t), t),
             this :: rest)

        fun exp env (all as (e, loc)) =
            let
                (*val () = Print.prefaces "exp" [("e", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty all),
                                               ("env", Print.PD.string (e2s env))]*)
                (*val () = if dangling (edepth env) all then
                             (Print.prefaces "exp" [("e", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty all),
                                                    ("env", Print.PD.string (e2s env))];
                              raise Fail "!")
                         else
                             ()*)
                (*val () = if cdangling (cdepth env) all then
                             Print.prefaces "Bad exp" [("e", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty all),
                                                       ("env", Print.PD.string (e2s env))]
                         else
                             ()*)

                fun patBinds (p, _) =
                    case p of
                        PWild => 0
                      | PVar _ => 1
                      | PPrim _ => 0
                      | PCon (_, _, _, NONE) => 0
                      | PCon (_, _, _, SOME p) => patBinds p
                      | PRecord xpts => foldl (fn ((_, p, _), n) => n + patBinds p) 0 xpts

                val r = case e of
                            EPrim _ => all
                          | ERel n =>
                            let
                                fun find (n', env, nudge, liftK, liftC, liftE) =
                                    case env of
                                        [] => raise Fail ("Reduce.exp: ERel (" ^ ErrorMsg.spanToString loc ^ ")")
                                      | UnknownK :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK + 1, liftC, liftE)
                                      | KnownK _ :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK, liftC, liftE)
                                      | UnknownC :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK, liftC + 1, liftE)
                                      | KnownC _ :: rest => find (n', rest, nudge, liftK, liftC, liftE)
                                      | Lift (liftK', liftC', liftE') :: rest =>
                                        find (n', rest, nudge + liftE',
                                              liftK + liftK', liftC + liftC', liftE + liftE')
                                      | UnknownE :: rest =>
                                        if n' = 0 then
                                            (ERel (n + nudge), loc)
                                        else
                                            find (n' - 1, rest, nudge, liftK, liftC, liftE + 1)
                                      | KnownE e :: rest =>
                                        if n' = 0 then
                                            ((*print "SUBSTITUTING\n";*)
                                             exp (Lift (liftK, liftC, liftE) :: rest) e)
                                        else
                                            find (n' - 1, rest, nudge - 1, liftK, liftC, liftE)
                            in
                                (*print (Int.toString n ^ ": " ^ e2s env ^ "\n");*)
                                find (n, env, 0, 0, 0, 0)
                            end
                          | ENamed n =>
                            (case IM.find (namedE, n) of
                                 NONE => all
                               | SOME e => e)
                          | ECon (dk, pc, cs, eo) => (ECon (dk, patCon pc,
                                                            map (con env) cs, Option.map (exp env) eo), loc)

                          | EFfi ("Basis", "return") =>
                            (ECAbs ("m", (KArrow ((KType, loc), (KType, loc)), loc),
                                    (ECAbs ("a", (KType, loc),
                                            (EAbs ("m", monadRecord (CRel 1, loc) loc, returnType (CRel 1, loc) loc,
                                                   (ECApp ((EField ((ERel 0, loc), (CName "Return", loc),
                                                                    {field = returnType (CRel 1, loc) loc,
                                                                     rest = (CRecord ((KType, loc),
                                                                                      [((CName "Bind", loc), bindType (CRel 1, loc) loc)]),
                                                                             loc)}), loc), (CRel 0, loc)), loc)), loc)), loc)), loc)

                          | EFfi ("Basis", "bind") =>
                            (ECAbs ("m", (KArrow ((KType, loc), (KType, loc)), loc),
                                    (ECAbs ("a", (KType, loc),
                                            (ECAbs ("b", (KType, loc),
                                                    (EAbs ("m", monadRecord (CRel 2, loc) loc, bindType (CRel 2, loc) loc,
                                                           (ECApp ((ECApp ((EField ((ERel 0, loc), (CName "Bind", loc),
                                                                                    {field = bindType (CRel 2, loc) loc,
                                                                                     rest = (CRecord ((KType, loc),
                                                                                                      [((CName "Return", loc),
                                                                                                        returnType (CRel 2, loc) loc)]),
                                                                                             loc)}), loc), (CRel 1, loc)), loc),
                                                                  (CRel 0, loc)), loc)), loc)), loc)), loc)), loc)

                          | EFfi ("Basis", "mkMonad") =>
                            (ECAbs ("m", (KArrow ((KType, loc), (KType, loc)), loc),
                                    (EAbs ("m", monadRecord (CRel 0, loc) loc, monadRecord (CRel 0, loc) loc,
                                           (ERel 0, loc)), loc)), loc)

                          | EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_monad") =>
                            (ERecord [((CName "Return", loc),
                                       (EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_return"), loc),
                                       returnType (CFfi ("Basis", "transaction"), loc) loc),
                                      ((CName "Bind", loc),
                                       (EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_bind"), loc),
                                       bindType (CFfi ("Basis", "transaction"), loc) loc)], loc)

                          | EFfi ("Basis", "signal_monad") =>
                            (ERecord [((CName "Return", loc),
                                       (EFfi ("Basis", "signal_return"), loc),
                                       returnType (CFfi ("Basis", "signal"), loc) loc),
                                      ((CName "Bind", loc),
                                       (EFfi ("Basis", "signal_bind"), loc),
                                       bindType (CFfi ("Basis", "signal"), loc) loc)], loc)

                          | EFfi _ => all
                          | EFfiApp (m, f, es) => (EFfiApp (m, f, map (fn (e, t) => (exp env e, con env t)) es), loc)

                          (*| EApp (
                           (EApp
                                ((EApp ((ECApp ((ECApp ((ECApp ((EFfi ("Basis", "bind"), loc), _), _), t1), _), t2), _),
                                        (EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_monad"), _)), _),
                                 (ECase (ed, pes, {disc, ...}), _)), _),
                           trans2) =>
                           let
                               val e' = (EFfi ("Basis", "bind"), loc)
                               val e' = (ECApp (e', (CFfi ("Basis", "transaction"), loc)), loc)
                               val e' = (ECApp (e', t1), loc)
                               val e' = (ECApp (e', t2), loc)
                               val e' = (EApp (e', (EFfi ("Basis", "transaction_monad"), loc)), loc)

                               val pes = map (fn (p, e) =>
                                                 let
                                                     val e' = (EApp (e', e), loc)
                                                     val e' = (EApp (e',
                                                                     multiLiftExpInExp (E.patBindsN p)
                                                                                       trans2), loc)
                                                     val e' = exp env e'
                                                 in
                                                     (p, e')
                                                 end) pes
                           in
                               (ECase (exp env ed,
                                       pes,
                                       {disc = con env disc,
                                        result = (CApp ((CFfi ("Basis", "transaction"), loc), con env t2), loc)}),
                                loc)
                           end*)

                          | EApp (e1, e2) =>
                            let
                                val env' = deKnown env

                                val e1 = exp env e1
                                val e2 = exp env e2
                            in
                                case #1 e1 of
                                    ELet (x, t, e1', e2') =>
                                    (ELet (x, t, e1', exp (UnknownE :: env') (EApp (e2', E.liftExpInExp 0 e2), loc)), loc)

                                  | EAbs (x, dom, _, b) =>
                                    if count b <= 1 orelse passive e2 orelse ESpecialize.functionInside dom then
                                        let
                                            val r = exp (KnownE e2 :: env') b
                                        in
                                            (*Print.prefaces "eapp" [("b", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty b),
                                                                     ("env", Print.PD.string (e2s env')),
                                                                     ("e2", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty e2),
                                                                     ("r", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty r)];*)
                                            r
                                        end
                                    else
                                        let
                                            val dom = con env' dom
                                            val r = exp (UnknownE :: env') b
                                        in
                                            (*Print.prefaces "El skippo" [("x", Print.PD.string x),
                                                                        ("e2", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty e2)];*)
                                            (ELet (x, dom, e2, r), loc)
                                        end

                                  | ECase (e, pes, cc as {disc, result = res as (TFun (_, c2), _)}) =>
                                    let
                                        val pes' = map (fn (p, body) =>
                                                           let
                                                               val env' = List.tabulate (patBinds p, fn _ => UnknownE) @ deKnown env
                                                               val body' = exp env' (EApp (body, multiLiftExpInExp (patBinds p) e2), #2 body)
                                                           in
                                                               (p, body')
                                                           end) pes

                                        val cc' = {disc = disc, result = c2}
                                    in
                                        (ECase (e, pes', cc'), loc)
                                    end
                                  | _ => (EApp (e1, e2), loc)
                            end

                          | EAbs (x, dom, ran, e) => (EAbs (x, con env dom, con env ran, exp (UnknownE :: env) e), loc)

                          | ECApp (e, c) =>
                            let
                                val e = exp env e
                                val c = con env c
                            in
                                case #1 e of
                                    ECAbs (_, _, b) =>
                                    let
                                        val r = exp (KnownC c :: deKnown env) b
                                    in
                                        (*Print.prefaces "csub" [("l", Print.PD.string (ErrorMsg.spanToString loc)),
                                                               ("env", Print.PD.string (e2s (deKnown env))),
                                                               ("b", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty b),
                                                               ("c", CorePrint.p_con CoreEnv.empty c),
                                                               ("r", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty r)];*)
                                        r
                                    end
                                  | ECase (e, pes, cc as {disc, result = res as (TCFun (_, _, c'), _)}) =>
                                    let
                                        val pes' = map (fn (p, body) =>
                                                        let
                                                            val env' = List.tabulate (patBinds p, fn _ => UnknownE) @ deKnown env

                                                            val body' = exp env' (ECApp (body, c), #2 body)
                                                        in
                                                            (p, body')
                                                        end) pes

                                        val c' = E.subConInCon (0, c) c'
                                        val cc' = {disc = disc, result = c'}
                                    in
                                        (ECase (e, pes', cc'), loc)
                                    end
                                  | _ => (ECApp (e, c), loc)
                            end

                          | ECAbs (x, k, e) => (ECAbs (x, kind env k, exp (UnknownC :: env) e), loc)

                          | EKApp (e, k) =>
                            let
                                val e = exp env e
                            in
                                case #1 e of
                                    EKAbs (_, b) =>
                                    let
                                        val r = exp (KnownK k :: deKnown env) b
                                    in
                                        (*Print.prefaces "ksub" [("l", Print.PD.string (ErrorMsg.spanToString loc)),
                                                               ("b", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty b),
                                                               ("k", CorePrint.p_kind CoreEnv.empty k),
                                                               ("r", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty r)];*)
                                        r
                                    end
                                  | _ => (EKApp (e, kind env k), loc)
                            end

                          | EKAbs (x, e) => (EKAbs (x, exp (UnknownK :: env) e), loc)

                          | ERecord xcs => (ERecord (map (fn (x, e, t) => (con env x, exp env e, con env t)) xcs), loc)
                          | EField (e, c, {field, rest}) =>
                            let
                                val e = exp env e
                                val c = con env c

                                fun default () = (EField (e, c, {field = con env field, rest = con env rest}), loc)
                            in
                                case (#1 e, #1 c) of
                                    (ERecord xcs, CName x) =>
                                    (case List.find (fn ((CName x', _), _, _) => x' = x | _ => false) xcs of
                                         NONE => default ()
                                       | SOME (_, e, _) => e)
                                  | _ => default ()
                            end

                          | EConcat (e1, c1, e2, c2) =>
                            let
                                val e1 = exp env e1
                                val e2 = exp env e2
                            in
                                case (#1 e1, #1 e2) of
                                    (ERecord xes1, ERecord xes2) => (ERecord (xes1 @ xes2), loc)
                                  | _ =>
                                    let
                                        val c1 = con env c1
                                        val c2 = con env c2
                                    in
                                        case (#1 c1, #1 c2) of
                                            (CRecord (k, xcs1), CRecord (_, xcs2)) =>
                                            let
                                                val (xes1, rest) = ListUtil.foldlMap (doPart e1) [] xcs1
                                                val (xes2, _) = ListUtil.foldlMap (doPart e2) rest xcs2
                                            in
                                                exp (deKnown env) (ERecord (xes1 @ xes2), loc)
                                            end
                                          | _ => (EConcat (e1, c1, e2, c2), loc)
                                    end
                            end

                          | ECut (e, c, {field, rest}) =>
                            let
                                val e = exp env e
                                val c = con env c

                                fun default () =
                                    let
                                        val rest = con env rest
                                    in
                                        case #1 rest of
                                            CRecord (k, xcs) =>
                                            let
                                                val (xes, _) = ListUtil.foldlMap (doPart e) [] xcs
                                            in
                                                exp (deKnown env) (ERecord xes, loc)
                                            end
                                          | _ => (ECut (e, c, {field = con env field, rest = rest}), loc)
                                    end
                            in
                                case (#1 e, #1 c) of
                                    (ERecord xes, CName x) =>
                                    if List.all (fn ((CName _, _), _, _) => true | _ => false) xes then
                                        (ERecord (List.filter (fn ((CName x', _), _, _) => x' <> x
                                                                | _ => raise Fail "Reduce: ECut") xes), loc)
                                    else
                                        default ()
                                  | _ => default ()
                            end

                          | ECutMulti (e, c, {rest}) =>
                            let
                                val e = exp env e
                                val c = con env c

                                fun default () =
                                    let
                                        val rest = con env rest
                                    in
                                        case #1 rest of
                                            CRecord (k, xcs) =>
                                            let
                                                val (xes, _) = ListUtil.foldlMap (doPart e) [] xcs
                                            in
                                                exp (deKnown env) (ERecord xes, loc)
                                            end
                                          | _ => (ECutMulti (e, c, {rest = rest}), loc)
                                    end
                            in
                                case (#1 e, #1 c) of
                                    (ERecord xes, CRecord (_, xcs)) =>
                                    if List.all (fn ((CName _, _), _, _) => true | _ => false) xes
                                       andalso List.all (fn ((CName _, _), _) => true | _ => false) xcs then
                                        (ERecord (List.filter (fn ((CName x', _), _, _) =>
                                                                  List.all (fn ((CName x, _), _) => x' <> x
                                                                             | _ => raise Fail "Reduce: ECutMulti [1]") xcs
                                                                | _ => raise Fail "Reduce: ECutMulti [2]") xes), loc)
                                    else
                                        default ()
                                  | _ => default ()
                            end

                          | ECase (_, [((PRecord [], _), e)], _) => exp env e
                          | ECase (_, [((PWild, _), e)], _) => exp env e

                          | ECase (e, pes, {disc, result}) =>
                            let
                                fun pat (all as (p, loc)) =
                                    case p of
                                        PWild => all
                                      | PVar (x, t) => (PVar (x, con env t), loc)
                                      | PPrim _ => all
                                      | PCon (dk, pc, cs, po) =>
                                        (PCon (dk, patCon pc, map (con env) cs, Option.map pat po), loc)
                                      | PRecord xpts => (PRecord (map (fn (x, p, t) => (x, pat p, con env t)) xpts), loc)

                                fun push () =
                                    (ECase (exp env e,
                                            map (fn (p, e) => (pat p,
                                                               exp (List.tabulate (patBinds p,
                                                                                fn _ => UnknownE) @ env) e))
                                                pes, {disc = con env disc, result = con env result}), loc)

                                fun search pes =
                                    case pes of
                                        [] => push ()
                                      | (p, body) :: pes =>
                                        case match (env, p, e) of
                                            No => search pes
                                          | Maybe => push ()
                                          | Yes env' => exp env' body
                            in
                                search pes
                            end

                          | EWrite e => (EWrite (exp env e), loc)
                          | EClosure (n, es) => (EClosure (n, map (exp env) es), loc)

                          | ELet (x, t, e1, e2) =>
                            let
                                val e1' = exp env e1

                                val t = con env t
                            in
                                if notFfi t andalso (passive e1' orelse count e2 <= 1 orelse ESpecialize.functionInside t) then
                                    exp (KnownE e1 :: env) e2
                                else
                                    (ELet (x, t, e1', exp (UnknownE :: env) e2), loc)
                            end

                          | EServerCall (n, es, t, fm) => (EServerCall (n, map (exp env) es, con env t, fm), loc)
            in
                (*if dangling (edepth' (deKnown env)) r then
                    (Print.prefaces "exp" [("e", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty all),
                                           ("r", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty r)];
                     raise Fail "!!")
                else
                    ();*)
                (*if cdangling (cdepth' (deKnown env)) r then
                    (Print.prefaces "exp" [("e", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty all),
                                           ("r", CorePrint.p_exp CoreEnv.empty r)];
                     raise Fail "!!")
                else
                    ();*)
                r
            end
    in
        {kind = kind, con = con, exp = exp}
    end

fun kind namedC env k = #kind (kindConAndExp (namedC, IM.empty)) env k
fun con namedC env c = #con (kindConAndExp (namedC, IM.empty)) env c
fun exp (namedC, namedE) env e = #exp (kindConAndExp (namedC, namedE)) env e

fun reduce file =
    let
        val uses = CoreUtil.File.fold {kind = fn (_, m) => m,
                                       con = fn (_, m) => m,
                                       exp = fn (e, m) =>
                                                case e of
                                                    ENamed n => IM.insert (m, n, 1 + Option.getOpt (IM.find (m, n), 0))
                                                  | _ => m,
                                       decl = fn (_, m) => m}
                                      IM.empty file

        fun isPoly names = CoreUtil.Con.exists {kind = fn _ => false,
                                                con = fn TCFun _ => true
                                                       | TKFun _ => true
                                                       | CNamed n => IS.member (names, n)
                                                       | _ => false}

        val size = CoreUtil.Exp.fold {kind = fn (_, n) => n,
                                      con = fn (_, n) => n,
                                      exp = fn (_, n) => n + 1} 0

        fun mayInline (polyC, n, t, e) =
            let
                fun isPolicy t =
                    case #1 t of
                        CFfi ("Basis", "sql_policy") => true
                      | TFun (_, t) => isPolicy t
                      | _ => false
            in
                case IM.find (uses, n) of
                    NONE => false
                  | SOME count => count <= 1
                                  orelse (case #1 e of
                                              ERecord _ => true
                                            | _ => false)
                                  orelse isPolicy t
                                  orelse isPoly polyC t
                                  orelse size e <= Settings.getCoreInline ()
            end

        fun doDecl (d as (_, loc), st as (polyC, namedC, namedE)) =
            case #1 d of
                DCon (x, n, k, c) =>
                let
                    val k = kind namedC [] k
                    val c = con namedC [] c
                in
                    ((DCon (x, n, k, c), loc),
                     (if isPoly polyC c then
                          IS.add (polyC, n)
                      else
                          polyC,
                      IM.insert (namedC, n, c),
                      namedE))
                end
              | DDatatype dts =>
                ((DDatatype (map (fn (x, n, ps, cs) =>
                                     let
                                         val env = map (fn _ => UnknownC) ps
                                     in
                                         (x, n, ps, map (fn (x, n, co) => (x, n, Option.map (con namedC env) co)) cs)
                                     end) dts), loc),
                 (if List.exists (fn (_, _, _, cs) => List.exists (fn (_, _, co) => case co of
                                                                                        NONE => false
                                                                                      | SOME c => isPoly polyC c) cs)
                                 dts then
                      foldl (fn ((_, n, _, _), polyC) => IS.add (polyC, n)) polyC dts
                  else
                      polyC,
                  namedC,
                  namedE))
              | DVal (x, n, t, e, s) =>
                let
                    val t = con namedC [] t
                    val e = exp (namedC, namedE) [] e
                in
                    ((DVal (x, n, t, e, s), loc),
                     (polyC,
                      namedC,
                      if mayInline (polyC, n, t, e) then
                          IM.insert (namedE, n, e)
                      else
                          namedE))
                end
              | DValRec vis =>
                ((DValRec (map (fn (x, n, t, e, s) => (x, n, con namedC [] t,
                                                       exp (namedC, namedE) [] e, s)) vis), loc),
                 st)
              | DExport _ => (d, st)
              | DTable (s, n, c, s', pe, pc, ce, cc) => ((DTable (s, n, con namedC [] c, s',
                                                                  exp (namedC, namedE) [] pe,
                                                                  con namedC [] pc,
                                                                  exp (namedC, namedE) [] ce,
                                                                  con namedC [] cc), loc), st)
              | DSequence _ => (d, st)
              | DView (s, n, s', e, c) => ((DView (s, n, s', exp (namedC, namedE) [] e, con namedC [] c), loc), st)
              | DDatabase _ => (d, st)
              | DCookie (s, n, c, s') => ((DCookie (s, n, con namedC [] c, s'), loc), st)
              | DStyle (s, n, s') => ((DStyle (s, n, s'), loc), st)
              | DTask (e1, e2) =>
                let
                    val e1 = exp (namedC, namedE) [] e1
                    val e2 = exp (namedC, namedE) [] e2
                in
                    ((DTask (e1, e2), loc),
                     (polyC,
                      namedC,
                      namedE))
                end
              | DPolicy e1 =>
                let
                    val e1 = exp (namedC, namedE) [] e1
                in
                    ((DPolicy e1, loc),
                     (polyC,
                      namedC,
                      namedE))
                end
              | DOnError _ => (d, st)

        val (file, _) = ListUtil.foldlMap doDecl (IS.empty, IM.empty, IM.empty) file
    in
        file
    end

end