// RUN: %dafny /compile:0 /print:"%t.print" /dprint:"%t.dprint" "%s" > "%t" // RUN: %diff "%s.expect" "%t" datatype D = Green | Blue | Red | Purple method M0(d: D) { match (d) { // error: two missing cases: Blue and Purple case Green => case Red => } } method M1(d: D) requires d != D.Blue; { match (d) { // error: missing case: Purple case Green => case Red => } } method M2(d: D) requires d != D.Blue && d != D.Purple; { match (d) { case Green => case Red => } } method M3(d: D) requires d == D.Green; { if (d != D.Green) { match (d) { // nothing here } } } method M4(d: D) requires d == D.Green || d == D.Red; { if (d != D.Green) { match (d) { // error: missing case Red // nothing here } } } function F0(d: D): int { match (d) // error: missing cases Red case Purple => 80 case Green => 0 case Blue => 2 } function F1(d: D, x: int): int requires x < 100; requires d == D.Red ==> x == 200; // (an impossibility, given the first precondition, so d != Red) { match (d) case Purple => 80 case Green => 0 case Blue => 2 } // --------------- alternative statements --------------------- method A0(x: int) returns (r: int) ensures 0 <= r; { if { // error: missing case (x == 0) case x < 0 => r := 12; case 0 < x => r := 13; } } method A1(x: int) returns (r: int) ensures 0 <= r; { if { case x <= 0 => r := 12; case 0 <= x => r := 13; } } method DutchFlag(A: array, N: int, l: int, r: int) returns (result: int) requires A != null && N == A.Length; requires 0 <= l && l+2 <= r && r <= N; modifies A; ensures l <= result && result < r; ensures forall k, j :: l <= k && k < result && result <= j && j < r ==> A[k] <= A[j]; ensures forall k :: l <= k && k < result ==> A[k] <= old(A[l]); ensures forall k :: result <= k && k < r ==> old(A[l]) <= A[k]; { var pv := A[l]; var i := l; var j := r-1; A[l], A[j] := A[j], A[l]; while (i < j) invariant l <= i && i <= j && j < r; invariant forall k :: l <= k && k < i ==> A[k] <= pv; invariant forall k :: j <= k && k < r ==> pv <= A[k]; { if { case A[i] <= pv => i := i + 1; case pv <= A[j-1] => j := j - 1; case A[j-1] < pv && pv < A[i] => A[j-1], A[i] := A[i], A[j-1]; assert A[i] < pv && pv < A[j-1]; i, j := i + 1, j - 1; } } result := i; } // --------------- alternative loop statements --------------- method B(x: int) returns (r: int) ensures r == 0; { r := x; while decreases if 0 <= r then r else -r; { case r < 0 => r := r + 1; case 0 < r => r := r - 1; } } // --------------- breaks --------------- method TheBreaker_AllGood(M: int, N: int, O: int) { var a, b, c, d, e; var i := 0; while (i < M) { var j := 0; label InnerHasLabel: while (j < N) { var u := 2000; label MyLabelBlock: label MyLabelBlockAgain: if (*) { a := 15; break; } else if (*) { b := 12; break break; } else if (*) { c := 21; break InnerHasLabel; } else if (*) { while (u < 10000) { u := u + 3; if (*) { u := 1998; break MyLabelBlock; } if (*) { u := 1998; break MyLabelBlockAgain; } } assert 10000 <= u; u := 1998; } else { u := u - 2; } assert u == 1998; var k := 0; while decreases O - k; { case k < O && k % 2 == 0 => d := 187; break; case k < O => if (*) { e := 4; break InnerHasLabel; } if (*) { e := 7; break; } if (*) { e := 37; break break break; } k := k + 1; } assert O <= k || d == 187 || e == 7; j := j + 1; } assert N <= j || a == 15 || c == 21 || e == 4; i := i + 1; } assert M <= i || b == 12 || e == 37; } method TheBreaker_SomeBad(M: int, N: int, O: int) { var a, b, c, d, e; var i := 0; while (i < M) { var j := 0; label InnerHasLabel: while (j < N) { var u := 2000; label MyLabelBlock: label MyLabelBlockAgain: if (*) { a := 15; break; } else if (*) { b := 12; break break; } else if (*) { c := 21; break InnerHasLabel; } else if (*) { while (u < 10000) { u := u + 3; if (*) { u := 1998; break MyLabelBlock; } if (*) { u := 1998; break MyLabelBlockAgain; } } assert u < 2000; // error (and no way to get past this assert statement) } else { u := u - 2; } assert u == 1998; var k := 0; while decreases O - k; { case k < O && k % 2 == 0 => d := 187; break; case k < O => if (*) { e := 4; break InnerHasLabel; } if (*) { e := 7; break; } if (*) { e := 37; break break break; } k := k + 1; } assert O <= k || e == 7; // error: d == 187 j := j + 1; } assert N <= j || c == 21 || e == 4; // error: a == 15 i := i + 1; } assert M <= i || b == 12; // error: e == 37 } method BreakStatements(d: D, n: nat) { var i := 0; while i < n { if i % 7 == 3 { break; } match d { case Green => case Blue => var j := 63; while j < 3000 { if j % n == 0 { break; } // in a previous version, this was translated into a malformed Boogie program if j % (n+1) == 0 { break break; } j := j + 1; } case Red => case Purple => } i := i + 1; } } // --------------- paren-free syntax --------------- method PF1(d: D) requires d == D.Green; { if d != D.Green { // guards can be written without parens match d { } } if { case false => assert false; case true => assert true; } if {1, 2, 3} <= {1, 2} { // conflict between display set as guard and alternative statement is resolved assert false; } while d != D.Green { assert false; } while d != D.Green decreases 1; { assert false; } while {1, 2, 3} <= {1, 2} { assert false; } }