path: root/theories7/Reals/MVT.v

(************************************************************************)
(*  v      *   The Coq Proof Assistant  /  The Coq Development Team     *)
(* <O___,, * CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-INRIA Futurs-Universite Paris Sud *)
(*   \VV/  **************************************************************)
(*    //   *      This file is distributed under the terms of the       *)
(*         *       GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1        *)
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(*i $Id: MVT.v,v 1.1.2.1 2004/07/16 19:31:32 herbelin Exp $ i*)

Require Rbase.
Require Rfunctions.
Require Ranalysis1.
Require Rtopology.
V7only [Import R_scope.]. Open Local Scope R_scope.

(* The Mean Value Theorem *)
Theorem MVT : (f,g:R->R;a,b:R;pr1:(c:R)``a<c<b``->(derivable_pt f c);pr2:(c:R)``a<c<b``->(derivable_pt g c)) ``a<b`` -> ((c:R)``a<=c<=b``->(continuity_pt f c)) -> ((c:R)``a<=c<=b``->(continuity_pt g c)) -> (EXT c : R | (EXT P : ``a<c<b`` | ``((g b)-(g a))*(derive_pt f c (pr1 c P))==((f b)-(f a))*(derive_pt g c (pr2 c P))``)).
Intros; Assert H2 := (Rlt_le ? ? H).
Pose h := [y:R]``((g b)-(g a))*(f y)-((f b)-(f a))*(g y)``.
Cut (c:R)``a<c<b``->(derivable_pt h c).
Intro; Cut ((c:R)``a<=c<=b``->(continuity_pt h c)).
Intro; Assert H4 := (continuity_ab_maj h a b H2 H3).
Assert H5 := (continuity_ab_min h a b H2 H3).
Elim H4; Intros Mx H6.
Elim H5; Intros mx H7.
Cut (h a)==(h b).
Intro; Pose M := (h Mx); Pose m := (h mx).
Cut (c:R;P:``a<c<b``) (derive_pt h c (X c P))==``((g b)-(g a))*(derive_pt f c (pr1 c P))-((f b)-(f a))*(derive_pt g c (pr2 c P))``.
Intro; Case (Req_EM (h a) M); Intro.
Case (Req_EM (h a) m); Intro.
Cut ((c:R)``a<=c<=b``->(h c)==M).
Intro; Cut ``a<(a+b)/2<b``.
(*** h constant ***)
Intro; Exists ``(a+b)/2``.
Exists H13.
Apply Rminus_eq; Rewrite <- H9; Apply deriv_constant2 with a b.
Elim H13; Intros; Assumption.
Elim H13; Intros; Assumption.
Intros; Rewrite (H12 ``(a+b)/2``).
Apply H12; Split; Left; Assumption.
Elim H13; Intros; Split; Left; Assumption.
Split.
Apply Rlt_monotony_contra with ``2``.
Sup0.
Unfold Rdiv; Rewrite <- (Rmult_sym ``/2``); Rewrite <- Rmult_assoc; Rewrite <- Rinv_r_sym.
Rewrite Rmult_1l; Rewrite double; Apply Rlt_compatibility; Apply H.
DiscrR.
Apply Rlt_monotony_contra with ``2``.
Sup0.
Unfold Rdiv; Rewrite <- (Rmult_sym ``/2``); Rewrite <- Rmult_assoc; Rewrite <- Rinv_r_sym.
Rewrite Rmult_1l; Rewrite Rplus_sym; Rewrite double; Apply Rlt_compatibility; Apply H.
DiscrR.
Intros; Elim H6; Intros H13 _.
Elim H7; Intros H14 _.
Apply Rle_antisym.
Apply H13; Apply H12.
Rewrite H10 in H11; Rewrite H11; Apply H14; Apply H12.
Cut ``a<mx<b``.
(*** h admet un minimum global sur [a,b] ***)
Intro; Exists mx.
Exists H12.
Apply Rminus_eq; Rewrite <- H9; Apply deriv_minimum with a b.
Elim H12; Intros; Assumption.
Elim H12; Intros; Assumption.
Intros; Elim H7; Intros.
Apply H15; Split; Left; Assumption.
Elim H7; Intros _ H12; Elim H12; Intros; Split.
Inversion H13.
Apply H15.
Rewrite H15 in H11; Elim H11; Reflexivity.
Inversion H14.
Apply H15.
Rewrite H8 in H11; Rewrite <- H15 in H11; Elim H11; Reflexivity.
Cut ``a<Mx<b``.
(*** h admet un maximum global sur [a,b] ***)
Intro; Exists Mx.
Exists H11.
Apply Rminus_eq; Rewrite <- H9; Apply deriv_maximum with a b.
Elim H11; Intros; Assumption.
Elim H11; Intros; Assumption.
Intros; Elim H6; Intros; Apply H14.
Split; Left; Assumption.
Elim H6; Intros _ H11; Elim H11; Intros; Split.
Inversion H12.
Apply H14.
Rewrite H14 in H10; Elim H10; Reflexivity.
Inversion H13.
Apply H14.
Rewrite H8 in H10; Rewrite <- H14 in H10; Elim H10; Reflexivity.
Intros; Unfold h; Replace (derive_pt [y:R]``((g b)-(g a))*(f y)-((f b)-(f a))*(g y)`` c (X c P)) with (derive_pt (minus_fct (mult_fct (fct_cte ``(g b)-(g a)``) f) (mult_fct (fct_cte ``(f b)-(f a)``) g)) c (derivable_pt_minus ? ? ? (derivable_pt_mult ? ? ? (derivable_pt_const ``(g b)-(g a)`` c) (pr1 c P)) (derivable_pt_mult ? ? ? (derivable_pt_const ``(f b)-(f a)`` c) (pr2 c P)))); [Idtac | Apply pr_nu].
Rewrite derive_pt_minus; Do 2 Rewrite derive_pt_mult; Do 2 Rewrite derive_pt_const; Do 2 Rewrite Rmult_Ol; Do 2 Rewrite Rplus_Ol; Reflexivity.
Unfold h; Ring.
Intros; Unfold h; Change (continuity_pt (minus_fct (mult_fct (fct_cte ``(g b)-(g a)``) f) (mult_fct (fct_cte ``(f b)-(f a)``) g)) c).
Apply continuity_pt_minus; Apply continuity_pt_mult.
Apply derivable_continuous_pt; Apply derivable_const.
Apply H0; Apply H3.
Apply derivable_continuous_pt; Apply derivable_const.
Apply H1; Apply H3.
Intros; Change (derivable_pt (minus_fct (mult_fct (fct_cte ``(g b)-(g a)``) f) (mult_fct (fct_cte ``(f b)-(f a)``) g)) c).
Apply derivable_pt_minus; Apply derivable_pt_mult.
Apply derivable_pt_const.
Apply (pr1 ? H3).
Apply derivable_pt_const.
Apply (pr2 ? H3).
Qed.

(* Corollaries ... *)
Lemma MVT_cor1 : (f:(R->R); a,b:R; pr:(derivable f)) ``a < b``->(EXT c:R | ``(f b)-(f a) == (derive_pt f c (pr c))*(b-a)``/\``a < c < b``).
Intros f a b pr H; Cut (c:R)``a<c<b``->(derivable_pt f c); [Intro | Intros; Apply pr].
Cut (c:R)``a<c<b``->(derivable_pt id c); [Intro | Intros; Apply derivable_pt_id].
Cut ((c:R)``a<=c<=b``->(continuity_pt f c)); [Intro | Intros; Apply derivable_continuous_pt; Apply pr].
Cut ((c:R)``a<=c<=b``->(continuity_pt id c)); [Intro | Intros; Apply derivable_continuous_pt; Apply derivable_id].
Assert H2 := (MVT f id a b X X0 H H0 H1).
Elim H2; Intros c H3; Elim H3; Intros.
Exists c; Split.
Cut (derive_pt id c (X0 c x)) == (derive_pt id c (derivable_pt_id c)); [Intro | Apply pr_nu].
Rewrite H5 in H4; Rewrite (derive_pt_id c) in H4; Rewrite Rmult_1r in H4; Rewrite <- H4; Replace (derive_pt f c (X c x)) with (derive_pt f c (pr c)); [Idtac | Apply pr_nu]; Apply Rmult_sym.
Apply x.
Qed.

Theorem MVT_cor2 : (f,f':R->R;a,b:R) ``a<b`` -> ((c:R)``a<=c<=b``->(derivable_pt_lim f c (f' c))) -> (EXT c:R | ``(f b)-(f a)==(f' c)*(b-a)``/\``a<c<b``).
Intros f f' a b H H0; Cut ((c:R)``a<=c<=b``->(derivable_pt f c)).
Intro; Cut ((c:R)``a<c<b``->(derivable_pt f c)).
Intro; Cut ((c:R)``a<=c<=b``->(continuity_pt f c)).
Intro; Cut ((c:R)``a<=c<=b``->(derivable_pt id c)).
Intro; Cut ((c:R)``a<c<b``->(derivable_pt id c)).
Intro; Cut ((c:R)``a<=c<=b``->(continuity_pt id c)).
Intro; Elim (MVT f id a b X0 X2 H H1 H2); Intros; Elim H3; Clear H3; Intros; Exists x; Split.
Cut (derive_pt id x (X2 x x0))==R1.
Cut (derive_pt f x (X0 x x0))==(f' x).
Intros; Rewrite H4 in H3; Rewrite H5 in H3; Unfold id in H3; Rewrite Rmult_1r in H3; Rewrite Rmult_sym; Symmetry; Assumption.
Apply derive_pt_eq_0; Apply H0; Elim x0; Intros; Split; Left; Assumption.
Apply derive_pt_eq_0; Apply derivable_pt_lim_id.
Assumption.
Intros; Apply derivable_continuous_pt; Apply X1; Assumption.
Intros; Apply derivable_pt_id.
Intros; Apply derivable_pt_id.
Intros; Apply derivable_continuous_pt; Apply X; Assumption.
Intros; Elim H1; Intros; Apply X; Split; Left; Assumption.
Intros; Unfold derivable_pt; Apply Specif.existT with (f' c); Apply H0; Apply H1.
Qed.

Lemma MVT_cor3 : (f,f':(R->R); a,b:R) ``a < b``  -> ((x:R)``a <= x`` ->  ``x <= b``->(derivable_pt_lim f x (f' x))) -> (EXT c:R | ``a<=c``/\``c<=b``/\``(f b)==(f a) + (f' c)*(b-a)``).
Intros f f' a b H H0; Assert H1 : (EXT c:R | ``(f b) -(f a) == (f' c)*(b-a)``/\``a<c<b``); [Apply MVT_cor2; [Apply H | Intros; Elim H1; Intros; Apply (H0 ? H2 H3)] | Elim H1; Intros; Exists x; Elim H2; Intros; Elim H4; Intros; Split; [Left; Assumption | Split; [Left; Assumption | Rewrite <- H3; Ring]]].
Qed.

Lemma Rolle : (f:R->R;a,b:R;pr:(x:R)``a<x<b``->(derivable_pt f x)) ((x:R)``a<=x<=b``->(continuity_pt f x)) -> ``a<b`` -> (f a)==(f b) -> (EXT c:R | (EXT P: ``a<c<b`` | ``(derive_pt f c (pr c P))==0``)).
Intros; Assert H2 : (x:R)``a<x<b``->(derivable_pt id x).
Intros; Apply derivable_pt_id.
Assert H3 := (MVT f id a b pr H2 H0 H); Assert H4 : (x:R)``a<=x<=b``->(continuity_pt id x).
Intros; Apply derivable_continuous; Apply derivable_id.
Elim (H3 H4); Intros; Elim H5; Intros; Exists x; Exists x0; Rewrite H1 in H6; Unfold id in H6; Unfold Rminus in H6; Rewrite Rplus_Ropp_r in H6; Rewrite Rmult_Ol in H6; Apply r_Rmult_mult with ``b-a``; [Rewrite Rmult_Or; Apply H6 | Apply Rminus_eq_contra; Red; Intro; Rewrite H7 in H0; Elim (Rlt_antirefl ? H0)].
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma nonneg_derivative_1 : (f:R->R;pr:(derivable f)) ((x:R) ``0<=(derive_pt f x (pr x))``) -> (increasing f).
Intros.
Unfold increasing.
Intros.
Case (total_order_T x y); Intro.
Elim s; Intro.
Apply Rle_anti_compatibility with ``-(f x)``.
Rewrite Rplus_Ropp_l; Rewrite Rplus_sym.
Assert H1 := (MVT_cor1 f ? ? pr a).
Elim H1; Intros.
Elim H2; Intros.
Unfold Rminus in H3.
Rewrite H3.
Apply Rmult_le_pos.
Apply H.
Apply Rle_anti_compatibility with x.
Rewrite Rplus_Or; Replace ``x+(y+ -x)`` with y; [Assumption | Ring].
Rewrite b; Right; Reflexivity.
Elim (Rlt_antirefl ? (Rle_lt_trans ? ? ? H0 r)).
Qed.
 
(**********)
Lemma nonpos_derivative_0 : (f:R->R;pr:(derivable f)) (decreasing f) -> ((x:R) ``(derive_pt f x (pr x))<=0``).
Intros f pr H x; Assert H0 :=H; Unfold decreasing in H0; Generalize (derivable_derive f x (pr x)); Intro; Elim H1; Intros l H2.
Rewrite H2; Case (total_order l R0); Intro.
Left; Assumption.
Elim H3; Intro.
Right; Assumption.
Generalize (derive_pt_eq_1 f x l (pr x) H2); Intros; Cut ``0< (l/2)``.
Intro; Elim (H5 ``(l/2)`` H6); Intros delta H7; Cut ``delta/2<>0``/\``0<delta/2``/\``(Rabsolu delta/2)<delta``.
Intro; Decompose [and] H8; Intros; Generalize (H7 ``delta/2`` H9 H12); Cut ``((f (x+delta/2))-(f x))/(delta/2)<=0``.
Intro; Cut ``0< -(((f (x+delta/2))-(f x))/(delta/2)-l)``.
Intro; Unfold Rabsolu; Case (case_Rabsolu ``((f (x+delta/2))-(f x))/(delta/2)-l``).
Intros; Generalize (Rlt_compatibility_r ``-l`` ``-(((f (x+delta/2))-(f x))/(delta/2)-l)`` ``(l/2)`` H14); Unfold Rminus.
Replace ``(l/2)+ -l`` with ``-(l/2)``.
Replace `` -(((f (x+delta/2))+ -(f x))/(delta/2)+ -l)+ -l`` with ``-(((f (x+delta/2))+ -(f x))/(delta/2))``.
Intro.
Generalize (Rlt_Ropp ``-(((f (x+delta/2))+ -(f x))/(delta/2))`` ``-(l/2)`` H15). 
Repeat Rewrite Ropp_Ropp.
Intro.
Generalize (Rlt_trans ``0`` ``l/2`` ``((f (x+delta/2))-(f x))/(delta/2)`` H6 H16); Intro.
Elim (Rlt_antirefl ``0`` (Rlt_le_trans ``0`` ``((f (x+delta/2))-(f x))/(delta/2)`` ``0`` H17 H10)).
Ring.
Pattern 3 l; Rewrite double_var.
Ring.
Intros.
Generalize (Rge_Ropp ``((f (x+delta/2))-(f x))/(delta/2)-l`` ``0`` r).
Rewrite Ropp_O.
Intro.
Elim (Rlt_antirefl ``0`` (Rlt_le_trans ``0`` ``-(((f (x+delta/2))-(f x))/(delta/2)-l)`` ``0`` H13 H15)).
Replace ``-(((f (x+delta/2))-(f x))/(delta/2)-l)`` with ``(((f (x))-(f (x+delta/2)))/(delta/2)) +l``.
Unfold Rminus.
Apply ge0_plus_gt0_is_gt0.
Unfold Rdiv; Apply Rmult_le_pos.
Cut ``x<=(x+(delta*/2))``.
Intro; Generalize (H0 x ``x+(delta*/2)`` H13); Intro; Generalize (Rle_compatibility ``-(f (x+delta/2))`` ``(f (x+delta/2))`` ``(f x)`` H14); Rewrite Rplus_Ropp_l; Rewrite Rplus_sym; Intro; Assumption.
Pattern 1 x; Rewrite <- (Rplus_Or x); Apply Rle_compatibility; Left; Assumption.
Left; Apply Rlt_Rinv; Assumption.
Assumption.
Rewrite Ropp_distr2.
Unfold Rminus.
Rewrite (Rplus_sym l).
Unfold Rdiv.
Rewrite <- Ropp_mul1.
Rewrite Ropp_distr1.
Rewrite Ropp_Ropp.
Rewrite (Rplus_sym (f x)).
Reflexivity.
Replace ``((f (x+delta/2))-(f x))/(delta/2)`` with ``-(((f x)-(f (x+delta/2)))/(delta/2))``.
Rewrite <- Ropp_O.
Apply Rge_Ropp.
Apply Rle_sym1.
Unfold Rdiv; Apply Rmult_le_pos.
Cut ``x<=(x+(delta*/2))``.
Intro; Generalize (H0 x ``x+(delta*/2)`` H10); Intro.
Generalize (Rle_compatibility ``-(f (x+delta/2))`` ``(f (x+delta/2))`` ``(f x)`` H13); Rewrite Rplus_Ropp_l; Rewrite Rplus_sym; Intro; Assumption.
Pattern 1 x; Rewrite <- (Rplus_Or x); Apply Rle_compatibility; Left; Assumption.
Left; Apply Rlt_Rinv; Assumption.
Unfold Rdiv; Rewrite <- Ropp_mul1.
Rewrite Ropp_distr2.
Reflexivity.
Split.
Unfold Rdiv; Apply prod_neq_R0.
Generalize (cond_pos delta); Intro; Red; Intro H9; Rewrite H9 in H8; Elim (Rlt_antirefl ``0`` H8).
Apply Rinv_neq_R0; DiscrR.
Split.
Unfold Rdiv; Apply Rmult_lt_pos; [Apply (cond_pos delta) | Apply Rlt_Rinv; Sup0].
Rewrite Rabsolu_right.
Unfold Rdiv; Apply Rlt_monotony_contra with ``2``.
Sup0.
Rewrite <- (Rmult_sym ``/2``); Rewrite <- Rmult_assoc; Rewrite <- Rinv_r_sym.
Rewrite Rmult_1l; Rewrite double; Pattern 1 (pos delta); Rewrite <- Rplus_Or.
Apply Rlt_compatibility; Apply (cond_pos delta).
DiscrR.
Apply Rle_sym1; Unfold Rdiv; Left; Apply Rmult_lt_pos.
Apply (cond_pos delta).
Apply Rlt_Rinv; Sup0.
Unfold Rdiv; Apply Rmult_lt_pos; [Apply H4 | Apply Rlt_Rinv; Sup0].
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma increasing_decreasing_opp : (f:R->R) (increasing f) -> (decreasing (opp_fct f)).
Unfold increasing decreasing opp_fct; Intros; Generalize (H x y H0); Intro; Apply Rge_Ropp; Apply Rle_sym1; Assumption.
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma nonpos_derivative_1 : (f:R->R;pr:(derivable f)) ((x:R) ``(derive_pt f x (pr x))<=0``) -> (decreasing f).
Intros.
Cut (h:R)``-(-(f h))==(f h)``.
Intro.
Generalize (increasing_decreasing_opp (opp_fct f)).
Unfold decreasing.
Unfold opp_fct.
Intros.
Rewrite <- (H0 x); Rewrite <- (H0 y).
Apply H1.
Cut (x:R)``0<=(derive_pt (opp_fct f) x ((derivable_opp f pr) x))``.
Intros.
Replace [x:R]``-(f x)`` with (opp_fct f); [Idtac | Reflexivity].
Apply (nonneg_derivative_1 (opp_fct f) (derivable_opp f pr) H3).
Intro.
Assert H3 := (derive_pt_opp f x0 (pr x0)).
Cut ``(derive_pt (opp_fct f) x0 (derivable_pt_opp f x0 (pr x0)))==(derive_pt (opp_fct f) x0 (derivable_opp f pr x0))``.
Intro.
Rewrite <- H4.
Rewrite H3.
Rewrite <- Ropp_O; Apply Rge_Ropp; Apply Rle_sym1; Apply (H x0).
Apply pr_nu.
Assumption.
Intro; Ring.
Qed.
 
(**********)
Lemma positive_derivative : (f:R->R;pr:(derivable f)) ((x:R) ``0<(derive_pt f x (pr x))``)->(strict_increasing f).
Intros.
Unfold strict_increasing.
Intros.
Apply Rlt_anti_compatibility with ``-(f x)``.
Rewrite Rplus_Ropp_l; Rewrite Rplus_sym.
Assert H1 := (MVT_cor1 f ? ? pr H0).
Elim H1; Intros.
Elim H2; Intros.
Unfold Rminus in H3.
Rewrite H3.
Apply Rmult_lt_pos.
Apply H.
Apply Rlt_anti_compatibility with x.
Rewrite Rplus_Or; Replace ``x+(y+ -x)`` with y; [Assumption | Ring].
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma strictincreasing_strictdecreasing_opp : (f:R->R) (strict_increasing f) ->
(strict_decreasing (opp_fct f)).
Unfold strict_increasing strict_decreasing opp_fct; Intros; Generalize (H x y H0); Intro; Apply Rlt_Ropp; Assumption.
Qed.
 
(**********)
Lemma negative_derivative : (f:R->R;pr:(derivable f)) ((x:R) ``(derive_pt f x (pr x))<0``)->(strict_decreasing f).
Intros.
Cut (h:R)``- (-(f h))==(f h)``.
Intros.
Generalize (strictincreasing_strictdecreasing_opp (opp_fct f)).
Unfold strict_decreasing opp_fct.
Intros.
Rewrite <- (H0 x).
Rewrite <- (H0 y).
Apply H1; [Idtac | Assumption].
Cut (x:R)``0<(derive_pt (opp_fct f) x (derivable_opp f pr x))``.
Intros; EApply positive_derivative; Apply H3.
Intro.
Assert H3 := (derive_pt_opp f x0 (pr x0)).
Cut ``(derive_pt (opp_fct f) x0 (derivable_pt_opp f x0 (pr x0)))==(derive_pt (opp_fct f) x0 (derivable_opp f pr x0))``.
Intro.
Rewrite <- H4; Rewrite H3.
Rewrite <- Ropp_O; Apply Rlt_Ropp; Apply (H x0).
Apply pr_nu.
Intro; Ring.
Qed.
 
(**********)
Lemma null_derivative_0 : (f:R->R;pr:(derivable f)) (constant f)->((x:R) ``(derive_pt f x (pr x))==0``). 
Intros.
Unfold constant in H.
Apply derive_pt_eq_0.
Intros; Exists (mkposreal ``1`` Rlt_R0_R1); Simpl; Intros.
Rewrite (H x ``x+h``); Unfold Rminus; Unfold Rdiv; Rewrite Rplus_Ropp_r; Rewrite Rmult_Ol; Rewrite Rplus_Ropp_r; Rewrite Rabsolu_R0; Assumption.
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma increasing_decreasing : (f:R->R) (increasing f) -> (decreasing f) -> (constant f).
Unfold increasing decreasing constant; Intros; Case (total_order x y); Intro.
Generalize (Rlt_le x y H1); Intro; Apply (Rle_antisym (f x) (f y) (H x y H2) (H0 x y H2)).
Elim H1; Intro.
Rewrite H2; Reflexivity.
Generalize (Rlt_le y x H2); Intro; Symmetry; Apply (Rle_antisym (f y) (f x) (H y x H3) (H0 y x H3)).
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma null_derivative_1 : (f:R->R;pr:(derivable f)) ((x:R) ``(derive_pt f x (pr x))==0``)->(constant f).
Intros.
Cut (x:R)``(derive_pt f x (pr x)) <= 0``.
Cut (x:R)``0 <= (derive_pt f x (pr x))``.
Intros.
Assert H2 := (nonneg_derivative_1 f pr H0).
Assert H3 := (nonpos_derivative_1 f  pr H1).
Apply increasing_decreasing; Assumption.
Intro; Right; Symmetry; Apply (H x).
Intro; Right; Apply (H x).
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma derive_increasing_interv_ax : (a,b:R;f:R->R;pr:(derivable f)) ``a<b``-> (((t:R) ``a<t<b`` -> ``0<(derive_pt f t (pr t))``) -> ((x,y:R) ``a<=x<=b``->``a<=y<=b``->``x<y``->``(f x)<(f y)``)) /\ (((t:R) ``a<t<b`` -> ``0<=(derive_pt f t (pr t))``) -> ((x,y:R) ``a<=x<=b``->``a<=y<=b``->``x<y``->``(f x)<=(f y)``)).
Intros.
Split; Intros.
Apply Rlt_anti_compatibility with ``-(f x)``.
Rewrite Rplus_Ropp_l; Rewrite Rplus_sym.
Assert H4 := (MVT_cor1 f ? ? pr H3).
Elim H4; Intros.
Elim H5; Intros.
Unfold Rminus in H6.
Rewrite H6.
Apply Rmult_lt_pos.
Apply H0.
Elim H7; Intros.
Split.
Elim H1; Intros.
Apply Rle_lt_trans with x; Assumption.
Elim H2; Intros.
Apply Rlt_le_trans with y; Assumption.
Apply Rlt_anti_compatibility with x.
Rewrite Rplus_Or; Replace ``x+(y+ -x)`` with y; [Assumption | Ring].
Apply Rle_anti_compatibility with ``-(f x)``.
Rewrite Rplus_Ropp_l; Rewrite Rplus_sym.
Assert H4 := (MVT_cor1 f ? ? pr H3).
Elim H4; Intros.
Elim H5; Intros.
Unfold Rminus in H6.
Rewrite H6.
Apply Rmult_le_pos.
Apply H0.
Elim H7; Intros.
Split.
Elim H1; Intros.
Apply Rle_lt_trans with x; Assumption.
Elim H2; Intros.
Apply Rlt_le_trans with y; Assumption.
Apply Rle_anti_compatibility with x.
Rewrite Rplus_Or; Replace ``x+(y+ -x)`` with y; [Left; Assumption | Ring].
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma derive_increasing_interv : (a,b:R;f:R->R;pr:(derivable f)) ``a<b``-> ((t:R) ``a<t<b`` -> ``0<(derive_pt f t (pr t))``) -> ((x,y:R) ``a<=x<=b``->``a<=y<=b``->``x<y``->``(f x)<(f y)``).
Intros.
Generalize (derive_increasing_interv_ax a b f pr H); Intro.
Elim H4; Intros H5 _; Apply (H5 H0 x y H1 H2 H3).
Qed.

(**********)
Lemma derive_increasing_interv_var : (a,b:R;f:R->R;pr:(derivable f)) ``a<b``-> ((t:R) ``a<t<b`` -> ``0<=(derive_pt f t (pr t))``) -> ((x,y:R) ``a<=x<=b``->``a<=y<=b``->``x<y``->``(f x)<=(f y)``).
Intros a b f pr H H0 x y H1 H2 H3; Generalize (derive_increasing_interv_ax a b f pr H); Intro; Elim H4; Intros _ H5; Apply (H5 H0 x y H1 H2 H3).
Qed.

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(**********)
Theorem IAF : (f:R->R;a,b,k:R;pr:(derivable f)) ``a<=b`` -> ((c:R) ``a<=c<=b`` -> ``(derive_pt f c (pr c))<=k``) -> ``(f b)-(f a)<=k*(b-a)``.
Intros.
Case (total_order_T a b); Intro.
Elim s; Intro.
Assert H1 := (MVT_cor1 f ? ? pr a0).
Elim H1; Intros.
Elim H2; Intros.
Rewrite H3.
Do 2 Rewrite <- (Rmult_sym ``(b-a)``).
Apply Rle_monotony.
Apply Rle_anti_compatibility with ``a``; Rewrite Rplus_Or.
Replace ``a+(b-a)`` with b; [Assumption | Ring].
Apply H0.
Elim H4; Intros.
Split; Left; Assumption.
Rewrite b0.
Unfold Rminus; Do 2 Rewrite Rplus_Ropp_r.
Rewrite Rmult_Or; Right; Reflexivity.
Elim (Rlt_antirefl ? (Rle_lt_trans ? ? ? H r)).
Qed.

Lemma IAF_var : (f,g:R->R;a,b:R;pr1:(derivable f);pr2:(derivable g)) ``a<=b`` -> ((c:R) ``a<=c<=b`` -> ``(derive_pt g c (pr2 c))<=(derive_pt f c (pr1 c))``) -> ``(g b)-(g a)<=(f b)-(f a)``.
Intros.
Cut (derivable (minus_fct g f)).
Intro.
Cut (c:R)``a<=c<=b``->``(derive_pt (minus_fct g f) c (X c))<=0``.
Intro. 
Assert H2 := (IAF (minus_fct g f) a b R0 X H H1).
Rewrite Rmult_Ol in H2; Unfold minus_fct in H2.
Apply Rle_anti_compatibility with ``-(f b)+(f a)``.
Replace ``-(f b)+(f a)+((f b)-(f a))`` with R0; [Idtac | Ring].
Replace ``-(f b)+(f a)+((g b)-(g a))`` with ``(g b)-(f b)-((g a)-(f a))``; [Apply H2 | Ring].
Intros.
Cut (derive_pt (minus_fct g f) c (X c))==(derive_pt (minus_fct g f) c (derivable_pt_minus ? ? ? (pr2 c) (pr1 c))).
Intro.
Rewrite H2.
Rewrite derive_pt_minus.
Apply Rle_anti_compatibility with (derive_pt f c (pr1 c)).
Rewrite Rplus_Or.
Replace ``(derive_pt f c (pr1 c))+((derive_pt g c (pr2 c))-(derive_pt f c (pr1 c)))`` with ``(derive_pt g c (pr2 c))``; [Idtac | Ring].
Apply H0; Assumption.
Apply pr_nu.
Apply derivable_minus; Assumption.
Qed.

(* If f has a null derivative in ]a,b[ and is continue in [a,b], *)
(* then f is constant on [a,b] *)
Lemma null_derivative_loc : (f:R->R;a,b:R;pr:(x:R)``a<x<b``->(derivable_pt f x)) ((x:R)``a<=x<=b``->(continuity_pt f x)) -> ((x:R;P:``a<x<b``)(derive_pt f x (pr x P))==R0) -> (constant_D_eq f [x:R]``a<=x<=b`` (f a)).
Intros; Unfold constant_D_eq; Intros; Case (total_order_T a b); Intro.
Elim s; Intro.
Assert H2 : (y:R)``a<y<x``->(derivable_pt id y).
Intros; Apply derivable_pt_id.
Assert H3 : (y:R)``a<=y<=x``->(continuity_pt id y).
Intros; Apply derivable_continuous; Apply derivable_id.
Assert H4 : (y:R)``a<y<x``->(derivable_pt f y).
Intros; Apply pr; Elim H4; Intros; Split.
Assumption.
Elim H1; Intros; Apply Rlt_le_trans with x; Assumption.
Assert H5 : (y:R)``a<=y<=x``->(continuity_pt f y).
Intros; Apply H; Elim H5; Intros; Split.
Assumption.
Elim H1; Intros; Apply Rle_trans with x; Assumption.
Elim H1; Clear H1; Intros; Elim H1; Clear H1; Intro.
Assert H7 := (MVT f id a x H4 H2 H1 H5 H3).
Elim H7; Intros; Elim H8; Intros; Assert H10 : ``a<x0<b``.
Elim x1; Intros; Split.
Assumption.
Apply Rlt_le_trans with x; Assumption.
Assert H11 : ``(derive_pt f x0 (H4 x0 x1))==0``.
Replace (derive_pt f x0 (H4 x0 x1)) with (derive_pt f x0 (pr x0 H10)); [Apply H0 | Apply pr_nu].
Assert H12 : ``(derive_pt id x0 (H2 x0 x1))==1``.
Apply derive_pt_eq_0; Apply derivable_pt_lim_id.
Rewrite H11 in H9; Rewrite H12 in H9; Rewrite Rmult_Or in H9; Rewrite Rmult_1r in H9; Apply Rminus_eq; Symmetry; Assumption.
Rewrite H1; Reflexivity.
Assert H2 : x==a.
Rewrite <- b0 in H1; Elim H1; Intros; Apply Rle_antisym; Assumption.
Rewrite H2; Reflexivity.
Elim H1; Intros; Elim (Rlt_antirefl ? (Rle_lt_trans ? ? ? (Rle_trans ? ? ? H2 H3) r)).
Qed.

(* Unicity of the antiderivative *)
Lemma antiderivative_Ucte : (f,g1,g2:R->R;a,b:R) (antiderivative f g1 a b) -> (antiderivative f g2 a b) -> (EXT c:R | (x:R)``a<=x<=b``->``(g1 x)==(g2 x)+c``).
Unfold antiderivative; Intros; Elim H; Clear H; Intros; Elim H0; Clear H0; Intros H0 _; Exists ``(g1 a)-(g2 a)``; Intros; Assert H3 : (x:R)``a<=x<=b``->(derivable_pt g1 x).
Intros; Unfold derivable_pt; Apply Specif.existT with (f x0); Elim (H x0 H3); Intros; EApply derive_pt_eq_1; Symmetry; Apply H4.
Assert H4 : (x:R)``a<=x<=b``->(derivable_pt g2 x).
Intros; Unfold derivable_pt; Apply Specif.existT with (f x0); Elim (H0 x0 H4); Intros; EApply derive_pt_eq_1; Symmetry; Apply H5.
Assert H5 : (x:R)``a<x<b``->(derivable_pt (minus_fct g1 g2) x).
Intros; Elim H5; Intros; Apply derivable_pt_minus; [Apply H3; Split; Left; Assumption | Apply H4; Split; Left; Assumption].
Assert H6 : (x:R)``a<=x<=b``->(continuity_pt (minus_fct g1 g2) x).
Intros; Apply derivable_continuous_pt; Apply derivable_pt_minus; [Apply H3 | Apply H4]; Assumption.
Assert H7 : (x:R;P:``a<x<b``)(derive_pt (minus_fct g1 g2) x (H5 x P))==``0``.
Intros; Elim P; Intros; Apply derive_pt_eq_0; Replace R0 with ``(f x0)-(f x0)``; [Idtac | Ring].
Assert H9 : ``a<=x0<=b``.
Split; Left; Assumption.
Apply derivable_pt_lim_minus; [Elim (H ? H9) | Elim (H0 ? H9)]; Intros; EApply derive_pt_eq_1; Symmetry; Apply H10.
Assert H8 := (null_derivative_loc (minus_fct g1 g2) a b H5 H6 H7); Unfold constant_D_eq in H8; Assert H9 := (H8 ? H2); Unfold minus_fct in H9; Rewrite <- H9; Ring.
Qed.