(************************************************************************) (* v * The Coq Proof Assistant / The Coq Development Team *) (* R -> R, fn = (fun (N:nat) (x:R) => (-1) ^ N / INR (fact (2 * N)) * x ^ (2 * N)) -> CVN_R fn. Proof. unfold CVN_R in |- *; intros. cut ((r:R) <> 0). intro hyp_r; unfold CVN_r in |- *. apply existT with (fun n:nat => / INR (fact (2 * n)) * r ^ (2 * n)). cut (sigT (fun l:R => Un_cv (fun n:nat => sum_f_R0 (fun k:nat => Rabs (/ INR (fact (2 * k)) * r ^ (2 * k))) n) l)). intro X; elim X; intros. apply existT with x. split. apply p. intros; rewrite H; unfold Rdiv in |- *; do 2 rewrite Rabs_mult. rewrite pow_1_abs; rewrite Rmult_1_l. cut (0 < / INR (fact (2 * n))). intro; rewrite (Rabs_right _ (Rle_ge _ _ (Rlt_le _ _ H1))). apply Rmult_le_compat_l. left; apply H1. rewrite <- RPow_abs; apply pow_maj_Rabs. rewrite Rabs_Rabsolu. unfold Boule in H0; rewrite Rminus_0_r in H0. left; apply H0. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; apply INR_fact_lt_0. apply Alembert_C2. intro; apply Rabs_no_R0. apply prod_neq_R0. apply Rinv_neq_0_compat. apply INR_fact_neq_0. apply pow_nonzero; assumption. assert (H0 := Alembert_cos). unfold cos_n in H0; unfold Un_cv in H0; unfold Un_cv in |- *; intros. cut (0 < eps / Rsqr r). intro; elim (H0 _ H2); intros N0 H3. exists N0; intros. unfold R_dist in |- *; assert (H5 := H3 _ H4). unfold R_dist in H5; replace (Rabs (Rabs (/ INR (fact (2 * S n)) * r ^ (2 * S n)) / Rabs (/ INR (fact (2 * n)) * r ^ (2 * n)))) with (Rsqr r * Rabs ((-1) ^ S n / INR (fact (2 * S n)) / ((-1) ^ n / INR (fact (2 * n))))). apply Rmult_lt_reg_l with (/ Rsqr r). apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; apply Rsqr_pos_lt; assumption. pattern (/ Rsqr r) at 1 in |- *; replace (/ Rsqr r) with (Rabs (/ Rsqr r)). rewrite <- Rabs_mult; rewrite Rmult_minus_distr_l; rewrite Rmult_0_r; rewrite <- Rmult_assoc; rewrite <- Rinv_l_sym. rewrite Rmult_1_l; rewrite <- (Rmult_comm eps); apply H5. unfold Rsqr in |- *; apply prod_neq_R0; assumption. rewrite Rabs_Rinv. rewrite Rabs_right. reflexivity. apply Rle_ge; apply Rle_0_sqr. unfold Rsqr in |- *; apply prod_neq_R0; assumption. rewrite (Rmult_comm (Rsqr r)); unfold Rdiv in |- *; repeat rewrite Rabs_mult; rewrite Rabs_Rabsolu; rewrite pow_1_abs; rewrite Rmult_1_l; repeat rewrite Rmult_assoc; apply Rmult_eq_compat_l. rewrite Rabs_Rinv. rewrite Rabs_mult; rewrite (pow_1_abs n); rewrite Rmult_1_l; rewrite <- Rabs_Rinv. rewrite Rinv_involutive. rewrite Rinv_mult_distr. rewrite Rabs_Rinv. rewrite Rinv_involutive. rewrite (Rmult_comm (Rabs (Rabs (r ^ (2 * S n))))); rewrite Rabs_mult; rewrite Rabs_Rabsolu; rewrite Rmult_assoc; apply Rmult_eq_compat_l. rewrite Rabs_Rinv. do 2 rewrite Rabs_Rabsolu; repeat rewrite Rabs_right. replace (r ^ (2 * S n)) with (r ^ (2 * n) * r * r). repeat rewrite <- Rmult_assoc; rewrite <- Rinv_l_sym. unfold Rsqr in |- *; ring. apply pow_nonzero; assumption. replace (2 * S n)%nat with (S (S (2 * n))). simpl in |- *; ring. ring. apply Rle_ge; apply pow_le; left; apply (cond_pos r). apply Rle_ge; apply pow_le; left; apply (cond_pos r). apply Rabs_no_R0; apply pow_nonzero; assumption. apply Rabs_no_R0; apply INR_fact_neq_0. apply INR_fact_neq_0. apply Rabs_no_R0; apply Rinv_neq_0_compat; apply INR_fact_neq_0. apply Rabs_no_R0; apply pow_nonzero; assumption. apply INR_fact_neq_0. apply Rinv_neq_0_compat; apply INR_fact_neq_0. apply prod_neq_R0. apply pow_nonzero; discrR. apply Rinv_neq_0_compat; apply INR_fact_neq_0. unfold Rdiv in |- *; apply Rmult_lt_0_compat. apply H1. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; apply Rsqr_pos_lt; assumption. assert (H0 := cond_pos r); red in |- *; intro; rewrite H1 in H0; elim (Rlt_irrefl _ H0). Qed. (**********) Lemma continuity_cos : continuity cos. Proof. set (fn := fun (N:nat) (x:R) => (-1) ^ N / INR (fact (2 * N)) * x ^ (2 * N)). cut (CVN_R fn). intro; cut (forall x:R, sigT (fun l:R => Un_cv (fun N:nat => SP fn N x) l)). intro cv; cut (forall n:nat, continuity (fn n)). intro; cut (forall x:R, cos x = SFL fn cv x). intro; cut (continuity (SFL fn cv) -> continuity cos). intro; apply H1. apply SFL_continuity; assumption. unfold continuity in |- *; unfold continuity_pt in |- *; unfold continue_in in |- *; unfold limit1_in in |- *; unfold limit_in in |- *; simpl in |- *; unfold R_dist in |- *; intros. elim (H1 x _ H2); intros. exists x0; intros. elim H3; intros. split. apply H4. intros; rewrite (H0 x); rewrite (H0 x1); apply H5; apply H6. intro; unfold cos, SFL in |- *. case (cv x); case (exist_cos (Rsqr x)); intros. symmetry in |- *; eapply UL_sequence. apply u. unfold cos_in in c; unfold infinit_sum in c; unfold Un_cv in |- *; intros. elim (c _ H0); intros N0 H1. exists N0; intros. unfold R_dist in H1; unfold R_dist, SP in |- *. replace (sum_f_R0 (fun k:nat => fn k x) n) with (sum_f_R0 (fun i:nat => cos_n i * Rsqr x ^ i) n). apply H1; assumption. apply sum_eq; intros. unfold cos_n, fn in |- *; apply Rmult_eq_compat_l. unfold Rsqr in |- *; rewrite pow_sqr; reflexivity. intro; unfold fn in |- *; replace (fun x:R => (-1) ^ n / INR (fact (2 * n)) * x ^ (2 * n)) with (fct_cte ((-1) ^ n / INR (fact (2 * n))) * pow_fct (2 * n))%F; [ idtac | reflexivity ]. apply continuity_mult. apply derivable_continuous; apply derivable_const. apply derivable_continuous; apply (derivable_pow (2 * n)). apply CVN_R_CVS; apply X. apply CVN_R_cos; unfold fn in |- *; reflexivity. Qed. (**********) Lemma continuity_sin : continuity sin. Proof. unfold continuity in |- *; intro. assert (H0 := continuity_cos (PI / 2 - x)). unfold continuity_pt in H0; unfold continue_in in H0; unfold limit1_in in H0; unfold limit_in in H0; simpl in H0; unfold R_dist in H0; unfold continuity_pt in |- *; unfold continue_in in |- *; unfold limit1_in in |- *; unfold limit_in in |- *; simpl in |- *; unfold R_dist in |- *; intros. elim (H0 _ H); intros. exists x0; intros. elim H1; intros. split. assumption. intros; rewrite <- (cos_shift x); rewrite <- (cos_shift x1); apply H3. elim H4; intros. split. unfold D_x, no_cond in |- *; split. trivial. red in |- *; intro; unfold D_x, no_cond in H5; elim H5; intros _ H8; elim H8; rewrite <- (Ropp_involutive x); rewrite <- (Ropp_involutive x1); apply Ropp_eq_compat; apply Rplus_eq_reg_l with (PI / 2); apply H7. replace (PI / 2 - x1 - (PI / 2 - x)) with (x - x1); [ idtac | ring ]; rewrite <- Rabs_Ropp; rewrite Ropp_minus_distr'; apply H6. Qed. Lemma CVN_R_sin : forall fn:nat -> R -> R, fn = (fun (N:nat) (x:R) => (-1) ^ N / INR (fact (2 * N + 1)) * x ^ (2 * N)) -> CVN_R fn. Proof. unfold CVN_R in |- *; unfold CVN_r in |- *; intros fn H r. apply existT with (fun n:nat => / INR (fact (2 * n + 1)) * r ^ (2 * n)). cut (sigT (fun l:R => Un_cv (fun n:nat => sum_f_R0 (fun k:nat => Rabs (/ INR (fact (2 * k + 1)) * r ^ (2 * k))) n) l)). intro X; elim X; intros. apply existT with x. split. apply p. intros; rewrite H; unfold Rdiv in |- *; do 2 rewrite Rabs_mult; rewrite pow_1_abs; rewrite Rmult_1_l. cut (0 < / INR (fact (2 * n + 1))). intro; rewrite (Rabs_right _ (Rle_ge _ _ (Rlt_le _ _ H1))). apply Rmult_le_compat_l. left; apply H1. rewrite <- RPow_abs; apply pow_maj_Rabs. rewrite Rabs_Rabsolu; unfold Boule in H0; rewrite Rminus_0_r in H0; left; apply H0. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; apply INR_fact_lt_0. cut ((r:R) <> 0). intro; apply Alembert_C2. intro; apply Rabs_no_R0. apply prod_neq_R0. apply Rinv_neq_0_compat; apply INR_fact_neq_0. apply pow_nonzero; assumption. assert (H1 := Alembert_sin). unfold sin_n in H1; unfold Un_cv in H1; unfold Un_cv in |- *; intros. cut (0 < eps / Rsqr r). intro; elim (H1 _ H3); intros N0 H4. exists N0; intros. unfold R_dist in |- *; assert (H6 := H4 _ H5). unfold R_dist in H5; replace (Rabs (Rabs (/ INR (fact (2 * S n + 1)) * r ^ (2 * S n)) / Rabs (/ INR (fact (2 * n + 1)) * r ^ (2 * n)))) with (Rsqr r * Rabs ((-1) ^ S n / INR (fact (2 * S n + 1)) / ((-1) ^ n / INR (fact (2 * n + 1))))). apply Rmult_lt_reg_l with (/ Rsqr r). apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; apply Rsqr_pos_lt; assumption. pattern (/ Rsqr r) at 1 in |- *; rewrite <- (Rabs_right (/ Rsqr r)). rewrite <- Rabs_mult. rewrite Rmult_minus_distr_l. rewrite Rmult_0_r; rewrite <- Rmult_assoc; rewrite <- Rinv_l_sym. rewrite Rmult_1_l; rewrite <- (Rmult_comm eps). apply H6. unfold Rsqr in |- *; apply prod_neq_R0; assumption. apply Rle_ge; left; apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; apply Rsqr_pos_lt; assumption. unfold Rdiv in |- *; rewrite (Rmult_comm (Rsqr r)); repeat rewrite Rabs_mult; rewrite Rabs_Rabsolu; rewrite pow_1_abs. rewrite Rmult_1_l. repeat rewrite Rmult_assoc; apply Rmult_eq_compat_l. rewrite Rinv_mult_distr. rewrite Rinv_involutive. rewrite Rabs_mult. rewrite Rabs_Rinv. rewrite pow_1_abs; rewrite Rinv_1; rewrite Rmult_1_l. rewrite Rinv_mult_distr. rewrite <- Rabs_Rinv. rewrite Rinv_involutive. rewrite Rabs_mult. do 2 rewrite Rabs_Rabsolu. rewrite (Rmult_comm (Rabs (r ^ (2 * S n)))). rewrite Rmult_assoc; apply Rmult_eq_compat_l. rewrite Rabs_Rinv. rewrite Rabs_Rabsolu. repeat rewrite Rabs_right. replace (r ^ (2 * S n)) with (r ^ (2 * n) * r * r). do 2 rewrite <- Rmult_assoc. rewrite <- Rinv_l_sym. unfold Rsqr in |- *; ring. apply pow_nonzero; assumption. replace (2 * S n)%nat with (S (S (2 * n))). simpl in |- *; ring. ring. apply Rle_ge; apply pow_le; left; apply (cond_pos r). apply Rle_ge; apply pow_le; left; apply (cond_pos r). apply Rabs_no_R0; apply pow_nonzero; assumption. apply INR_fact_neq_0. apply Rinv_neq_0_compat; apply INR_fact_neq_0. apply Rabs_no_R0; apply Rinv_neq_0_compat; apply INR_fact_neq_0. apply Rabs_no_R0; apply pow_nonzero; assumption. apply pow_nonzero; discrR. apply INR_fact_neq_0. apply pow_nonzero; discrR. apply Rinv_neq_0_compat; apply INR_fact_neq_0. unfold Rdiv in |- *; apply Rmult_lt_0_compat; [ assumption | apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; apply Rsqr_pos_lt; assumption ]. assert (H0 := cond_pos r); red in |- *; intro; rewrite H1 in H0; elim (Rlt_irrefl _ H0). Qed. (** (sin h)/h -> 1 when h -> 0 *) Lemma derivable_pt_lim_sin_0 : derivable_pt_lim sin 0 1. Proof. unfold derivable_pt_lim in |- *; intros. set (fn := fun (N:nat) (x:R) => (-1) ^ N / INR (fact (2 * N + 1)) * x ^ (2 * N)). cut (CVN_R fn). intro; cut (forall x:R, sigT (fun l:R => Un_cv (fun N:nat => SP fn N x) l)). intro cv. set (r := mkposreal _ Rlt_0_1). cut (CVN_r fn r). intro; cut (forall (n:nat) (y:R), Boule 0 r y -> continuity_pt (fn n) y). intro; cut (Boule 0 r 0). intro; assert (H2 := SFL_continuity_pt _ cv _ X0 H0 _ H1). unfold continuity_pt in H2; unfold continue_in in H2; unfold limit1_in in H2; unfold limit_in in H2; simpl in H2; unfold R_dist in H2. elim (H2 _ H); intros alp H3. elim H3; intros. exists (mkposreal _ H4). simpl in |- *; intros. rewrite sin_0; rewrite Rplus_0_l; unfold Rminus in |- *; rewrite Ropp_0; rewrite Rplus_0_r. cut (Rabs (SFL fn cv h - SFL fn cv 0) < eps). intro; cut (SFL fn cv 0 = 1). intro; cut (SFL fn cv h = sin h / h). intro; rewrite H9 in H8; rewrite H10 in H8. apply H8. unfold SFL, sin in |- *. case (cv h); intros. case (exist_sin (Rsqr h)); intros. unfold Rdiv in |- *; rewrite (Rinv_r_simpl_m h x0 H6). eapply UL_sequence. apply u. unfold sin_in in s; unfold sin_n, infinit_sum in s; unfold SP, fn, Un_cv in |- *; intros. elim (s _ H10); intros N0 H11. exists N0; intros. unfold R_dist in |- *; unfold R_dist in H11. replace (sum_f_R0 (fun k:nat => (-1) ^ k / INR (fact (2 * k + 1)) * h ^ (2 * k)) n) with (sum_f_R0 (fun i:nat => (-1) ^ i / INR (fact (2 * i + 1)) * Rsqr h ^ i) n). apply H11; assumption. apply sum_eq; intros; apply Rmult_eq_compat_l; unfold Rsqr in |- *; rewrite pow_sqr; reflexivity. unfold SFL, sin in |- *. case (cv 0); intros. eapply UL_sequence. apply u. unfold SP, fn in |- *; unfold Un_cv in |- *; intros; exists 1%nat; intros. unfold R_dist in |- *; replace (sum_f_R0 (fun k:nat => (-1) ^ k / INR (fact (2 * k + 1)) * 0 ^ (2 * k)) n) with 1. unfold Rminus in |- *; rewrite Rplus_opp_r; rewrite Rabs_R0; assumption. rewrite decomp_sum. simpl in |- *; rewrite Rmult_1_r; unfold Rdiv in |- *; rewrite Rinv_1; rewrite Rmult_1_r; pattern 1 at 1 in |- *; rewrite <- Rplus_0_r; apply Rplus_eq_compat_l. symmetry in |- *; apply sum_eq_R0; intros. rewrite Rmult_0_l; rewrite Rmult_0_r; reflexivity. unfold ge in H10; apply lt_le_trans with 1%nat; [ apply lt_n_Sn | apply H10 ]. apply H5. split. unfold D_x, no_cond in |- *; split. trivial. apply (sym_not_eq (A:=R)); apply H6. unfold Rminus in |- *; rewrite Ropp_0; rewrite Rplus_0_r; apply H7. unfold Boule in |- *; unfold Rminus in |- *; rewrite Ropp_0; rewrite Rplus_0_r; rewrite Rabs_R0; apply (cond_pos r). intros; unfold fn in |- *; replace (fun x:R => (-1) ^ n / INR (fact (2 * n + 1)) * x ^ (2 * n)) with (fct_cte ((-1) ^ n / INR (fact (2 * n + 1))) * pow_fct (2 * n))%F; [ idtac | reflexivity ]. apply continuity_pt_mult. apply derivable_continuous_pt. apply derivable_pt_const. apply derivable_continuous_pt. apply (derivable_pt_pow (2 * n) y). apply (X r). apply (CVN_R_CVS _ X). apply CVN_R_sin; unfold fn in |- *; reflexivity. Qed. (** ((cos h)-1)/h -> 0 when h -> 0 *) Lemma derivable_pt_lim_cos_0 : derivable_pt_lim cos 0 0. Proof. unfold derivable_pt_lim in |- *; intros. assert (H0 := derivable_pt_lim_sin_0). unfold derivable_pt_lim in H0. cut (0 < eps / 2). intro; elim (H0 _ H1); intros del H2. cut (continuity_pt sin 0). intro; unfold continuity_pt in H3; unfold continue_in in H3; unfold limit1_in in H3; unfold limit_in in H3; simpl in H3; unfold R_dist in H3. cut (0 < eps / 2); [ intro | assumption ]. elim (H3 _ H4); intros del_c H5. cut (0 < Rmin del del_c). intro; set (delta := mkposreal _ H6). exists delta; intros. rewrite Rplus_0_l; replace (cos h - cos 0) with (-2 * Rsqr (sin (h / 2))). unfold Rminus in |- *; rewrite Ropp_0; rewrite Rplus_0_r. unfold Rdiv in |- *; do 2 rewrite Ropp_mult_distr_l_reverse. rewrite Rabs_Ropp. replace (2 * Rsqr (sin (h * / 2)) * / h) with (sin (h / 2) * (sin (h / 2) / (h / 2) - 1) + sin (h / 2)). apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (sin (h / 2) * (sin (h / 2) / (h / 2) - 1)) + Rabs (sin (h / 2))). apply Rabs_triang. rewrite (double_var eps); apply Rplus_lt_compat. apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (sin (h / 2) / (h / 2) - 1)). rewrite Rabs_mult; rewrite Rmult_comm; pattern (Rabs (sin (h / 2) / (h / 2) - 1)) at 2 in |- *; rewrite <- Rmult_1_r; apply Rmult_le_compat_l. apply Rabs_pos. assert (H9 := SIN_bound (h / 2)). unfold Rabs in |- *; case (Rcase_abs (sin (h / 2))); intro. pattern 1 at 3 in |- *; rewrite <- (Ropp_involutive 1). apply Ropp_le_contravar. elim H9; intros; assumption. elim H9; intros; assumption. cut (Rabs (h / 2) < del). intro; cut (h / 2 <> 0). intro; assert (H11 := H2 _ H10 H9). rewrite Rplus_0_l in H11; rewrite sin_0 in H11. rewrite Rminus_0_r in H11; apply H11. unfold Rdiv in |- *; apply prod_neq_R0. apply H7. apply Rinv_neq_0_compat; discrR. apply Rlt_trans with (del / 2). unfold Rdiv in |- *; rewrite Rabs_mult. rewrite (Rabs_right (/ 2)). do 2 rewrite <- (Rmult_comm (/ 2)); apply Rmult_lt_compat_l. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0. apply Rlt_le_trans with (pos delta). apply H8. unfold delta in |- *; simpl in |- *; apply Rmin_l. apply Rle_ge; left; apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0. rewrite <- (Rplus_0_r (del / 2)); pattern del at 1 in |- *; rewrite (double_var del); apply Rplus_lt_compat_l; unfold Rdiv in |- *; apply Rmult_lt_0_compat. apply (cond_pos del). apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0. elim H5; intros; assert (H11 := H10 (h / 2)). rewrite sin_0 in H11; do 2 rewrite Rminus_0_r in H11. apply H11. split. unfold D_x, no_cond in |- *; split. trivial. apply (sym_not_eq (A:=R)); unfold Rdiv in |- *; apply prod_neq_R0. apply H7. apply Rinv_neq_0_compat; discrR. apply Rlt_trans with (del_c / 2). unfold Rdiv in |- *; rewrite Rabs_mult. rewrite (Rabs_right (/ 2)). do 2 rewrite <- (Rmult_comm (/ 2)). apply Rmult_lt_compat_l. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0. apply Rlt_le_trans with (pos delta). apply H8. unfold delta in |- *; simpl in |- *; apply Rmin_r. apply Rle_ge; left; apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0. rewrite <- (Rplus_0_r (del_c / 2)); pattern del_c at 2 in |- *; rewrite (double_var del_c); apply Rplus_lt_compat_l. unfold Rdiv in |- *; apply Rmult_lt_0_compat. apply H9. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0. rewrite Rmult_minus_distr_l; rewrite Rmult_1_r; unfold Rminus in |- *; rewrite Rplus_assoc; rewrite Rplus_opp_l; rewrite Rplus_0_r; rewrite (Rmult_comm 2); unfold Rdiv, Rsqr in |- *. repeat rewrite Rmult_assoc. repeat apply Rmult_eq_compat_l. rewrite Rinv_mult_distr. rewrite Rinv_involutive. apply Rmult_comm. discrR. apply H7. apply Rinv_neq_0_compat; discrR. pattern h at 2 in |- *; replace h with (2 * (h / 2)). rewrite (cos_2a_sin (h / 2)). rewrite cos_0; unfold Rsqr in |- *; ring. unfold Rdiv in |- *; rewrite <- Rmult_assoc; apply Rinv_r_simpl_m. discrR. unfold Rmin in |- *; case (Rle_dec del del_c); intro. apply (cond_pos del). elim H5; intros; assumption. apply continuity_sin. unfold Rdiv in |- *; apply Rmult_lt_0_compat; [ assumption | apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0 ]. Qed. (**********) Theorem derivable_pt_lim_sin : forall x:R, derivable_pt_lim sin x (cos x). Proof. intro; assert (H0 := derivable_pt_lim_sin_0). assert (H := derivable_pt_lim_cos_0). unfold derivable_pt_lim in H0, H. unfold derivable_pt_lim in |- *; intros. cut (0 < eps / 2); [ intro | unfold Rdiv in |- *; apply Rmult_lt_0_compat; [ apply H1 | apply Rinv_0_lt_compat; prove_sup0 ] ]. elim (H0 _ H2); intros alp1 H3. elim (H _ H2); intros alp2 H4. set (alp := Rmin alp1 alp2). cut (0 < alp). intro; exists (mkposreal _ H5); intros. replace ((sin (x + h) - sin x) / h - cos x) with (sin x * ((cos h - 1) / h) + cos x * (sin h / h - 1)). apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (sin x * ((cos h - 1) / h)) + Rabs (cos x * (sin h / h - 1))). apply Rabs_triang. rewrite (double_var eps); apply Rplus_lt_compat. apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs ((cos h - 1) / h)). rewrite Rabs_mult; rewrite Rmult_comm; pattern (Rabs ((cos h - 1) / h)) at 2 in |- *; rewrite <- Rmult_1_r; apply Rmult_le_compat_l. apply Rabs_pos. assert (H8 := SIN_bound x); elim H8; intros. unfold Rabs in |- *; case (Rcase_abs (sin x)); intro. rewrite <- (Ropp_involutive 1). apply Ropp_le_contravar; assumption. assumption. cut (Rabs h < alp2). intro; assert (H9 := H4 _ H6 H8). rewrite cos_0 in H9; rewrite Rplus_0_l in H9; rewrite Rminus_0_r in H9; apply H9. apply Rlt_le_trans with alp. apply H7. unfold alp in |- *; apply Rmin_r. apply Rle_lt_trans with (Rabs (sin h / h - 1)). rewrite Rabs_mult; rewrite Rmult_comm; pattern (Rabs (sin h / h - 1)) at 2 in |- *; rewrite <- Rmult_1_r; apply Rmult_le_compat_l. apply Rabs_pos. assert (H8 := COS_bound x); elim H8; intros. unfold Rabs in |- *; case (Rcase_abs (cos x)); intro. rewrite <- (Ropp_involutive 1); apply Ropp_le_contravar; assumption. assumption. cut (Rabs h < alp1). intro; assert (H9 := H3 _ H6 H8). rewrite sin_0 in H9; rewrite Rplus_0_l in H9; rewrite Rminus_0_r in H9; apply H9. apply Rlt_le_trans with alp. apply H7. unfold alp in |- *; apply Rmin_l. rewrite sin_plus; unfold Rminus, Rdiv in |- *; repeat rewrite Rmult_plus_distr_r; repeat rewrite Rmult_plus_distr_l; repeat rewrite Rmult_assoc; repeat rewrite Rplus_assoc; apply Rplus_eq_compat_l. rewrite (Rplus_comm (sin x * (-1 * / h))); repeat rewrite Rplus_assoc; apply Rplus_eq_compat_l. rewrite Ropp_mult_distr_r_reverse; rewrite Ropp_mult_distr_l_reverse; rewrite Rmult_1_r; rewrite Rmult_1_l; rewrite Ropp_mult_distr_r_reverse; rewrite <- Ropp_mult_distr_l_reverse; apply Rplus_comm. unfold alp in |- *; unfold Rmin in |- *; case (Rle_dec alp1 alp2); intro. apply (cond_pos alp1). apply (cond_pos alp2). Qed. Lemma derivable_pt_lim_cos : forall x:R, derivable_pt_lim cos x (- sin x). Proof. intro; cut (forall h:R, sin (h + PI / 2) = cos h). intro; replace (- sin x) with (cos (x + PI / 2) * (1 + 0)). generalize (derivable_pt_lim_comp (id + fct_cte (PI / 2))%F sin); intros. cut (derivable_pt_lim (id + fct_cte (PI / 2)) x (1 + 0)). cut (derivable_pt_lim sin ((id + fct_cte (PI / 2))%F x) (cos (x + PI / 2))). intros; generalize (H0 _ _ _ H2 H1); replace (comp sin (id + fct_cte (PI / 2))%F) with (fun x:R => sin (x + PI / 2)); [ idtac | reflexivity ]. unfold derivable_pt_lim in |- *; intros. elim (H3 eps H4); intros. exists x0. intros; rewrite <- (H (x + h)); rewrite <- (H x); apply H5; assumption. apply derivable_pt_lim_sin. apply derivable_pt_lim_plus. apply derivable_pt_lim_id. apply derivable_pt_lim_const. rewrite sin_cos; rewrite <- (Rplus_comm x); ring. intro; rewrite cos_sin; rewrite Rplus_comm; reflexivity. Qed. Lemma derivable_pt_sin : forall x:R, derivable_pt sin x. Proof. unfold derivable_pt in |- *; intro. apply existT with (cos x). apply derivable_pt_lim_sin. Qed. Lemma derivable_pt_cos : forall x:R, derivable_pt cos x. Proof. unfold derivable_pt in |- *; intro. apply existT with (- sin x). apply derivable_pt_lim_cos. Qed. Lemma derivable_sin : derivable sin. Proof. unfold derivable in |- *; intro; apply derivable_pt_sin. Qed. Lemma derivable_cos : derivable cos. Proof. unfold derivable in |- *; intro; apply derivable_pt_cos. Qed. Lemma derive_pt_sin : forall x:R, derive_pt sin x (derivable_pt_sin _) = cos x. Proof. intros; apply derive_pt_eq_0. apply derivable_pt_lim_sin. Qed. Lemma derive_pt_cos : forall x:R, derive_pt cos x (derivable_pt_cos _) = - sin x. Proof. intros; apply derive_pt_eq_0. apply derivable_pt_lim_cos. Qed.