using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Boogie; using Microsoft.Basetypes; using System.Diagnostics; using GPUVerify.InvariantGenerationRules; namespace GPUVerify { class LoopInvariantGenerator { private GPUVerifier verifier; private Implementation Impl; private List invariantGenerationRules; LoopInvariantGenerator(GPUVerifier verifier, Implementation Impl) { this.verifier = verifier; this.Impl = Impl; invariantGenerationRules = new List(); invariantGenerationRules.Add(new PowerOfTwoInvariantGenerator(verifier)); invariantGenerationRules.Add(new LoopVariableBoundsInvariantGenerator(verifier)); } public static void PreInstrument(GPUVerifier verifier, Implementation impl) { foreach (var region in verifier.RootRegion(impl).SubRegions()) { GenerateCandidateForReducedStrengthStrideVariables(verifier, impl, region); } } private static void GenerateCandidateForReducedStrengthStrideVariables(GPUVerifier verifier, Implementation impl, IRegion region) { var rsa = verifier.reducedStrengthAnalyses[impl]; foreach (string lc in rsa.StridedLoopCounters(region.Identifier())) { var sc = rsa.GetStrideConstraint(lc); Variable lcVariable = new LocalVariable(Token.NoToken, new TypedIdent(Token.NoToken, lc, Microsoft.Boogie.Type.GetBvType(32))); var lcExpr = new IdentifierExpr(Token.NoToken, lcVariable); var lcPred = sc.MaybeBuildPredicate(verifier, lcExpr); if (lcPred != null) { verifier.AddCandidateInvariant(region, lcPred, "variable " + lc + " is strided"); } } } public static void PostInstrument(GPUVerifier verifier, Implementation Impl, List UserSuppliedInvariants) { new LoopInvariantGenerator(verifier, Impl).PostInstrument(UserSuppliedInvariants); } internal void PostInstrument(List UserSuppliedInvariants) { HashSet LocalVars = new HashSet(); foreach (Variable v in Impl.LocVars) { LocalVars.Add(v); } foreach (Variable v in Impl.InParams) { LocalVars.Add(v); } foreach (Variable v in Impl.OutParams) { LocalVars.Add(v); } AddCandidateInvariants(verifier.RootRegion(Impl), LocalVars, UserSuppliedInvariants, Impl); } private void AddEqualityCandidateInvariant(IRegion region, string LoopPredicate, Variable v) { verifier.AddCandidateInvariant(region, Expr.Eq( new IdentifierExpr(Token.NoToken, new VariableDualiser(1, verifier.uniformityAnalyser, Impl.Name).VisitVariable(v.Clone() as Variable)), new IdentifierExpr(Token.NoToken, new VariableDualiser(2, verifier.uniformityAnalyser, Impl.Name).VisitVariable(v.Clone() as Variable)) ), "equality"); } private void AddPredicatedEqualityCandidateInvariant(IRegion region, string LoopPredicate, Variable v) { verifier.AddCandidateInvariant(region, Expr.Imp( Expr.And( new IdentifierExpr(Token.NoToken, new LocalVariable(Token.NoToken, new TypedIdent(Token.NoToken, LoopPredicate + "$1", Microsoft.Boogie.Type.Int))), new IdentifierExpr(Token.NoToken, new LocalVariable(Token.NoToken, new TypedIdent(Token.NoToken, LoopPredicate + "$2", Microsoft.Boogie.Type.Int))) ), Expr.Eq( new IdentifierExpr(Token.NoToken, new VariableDualiser(1, verifier.uniformityAnalyser, Impl.Name).VisitVariable(v.Clone() as Variable)), new IdentifierExpr(Token.NoToken, new VariableDualiser(2, verifier.uniformityAnalyser, Impl.Name).VisitVariable(v.Clone() as Variable)) )), "predicated equality"); } private Dictionary GetAssignmentCounts(Implementation impl) { Dictionary result = new Dictionary(); foreach (var c in verifier.RootRegion(impl).Cmds()) { if (c is AssignCmd) { var aCmd = (AssignCmd)c; HashSet alreadySeenInThisAssignment = new HashSet(); foreach (var a in aCmd.Lhss) { if (a is SimpleAssignLhs) { var v = GPUVerifier.StripThreadIdentifier( ((SimpleAssignLhs)a).AssignedVariable.Name); if (!alreadySeenInThisAssignment.Contains(v)) { if (result.ContainsKey(v)) { result[v]++; } else { result[v] = 1; } alreadySeenInThisAssignment.Add(v); } } } } } return result; } private void AddBarrierDivergenceCandidates(HashSet LocalVars, Implementation Impl, IRegion region) { if (!verifier.ContainsBarrierCall(region)) { return; } Expr guard = region.Guard(); if (guard != null && verifier.uniformityAnalyser.IsUniform(Impl.Name, guard)) { return; } if (IsDisjunctionOfPredicates(guard)) { string LoopPredicate = ((guard as NAryExpr).Args[0] as IdentifierExpr).Name; LoopPredicate = LoopPredicate.Substring(0, LoopPredicate.IndexOf('$')); verifier.AddCandidateInvariant(region, Expr.Eq( // Int type used here, but it doesn't matter as we will print and then re-parse the program new IdentifierExpr(Token.NoToken, new LocalVariable(Token.NoToken, new TypedIdent(Token.NoToken, LoopPredicate + "$1", Microsoft.Boogie.Type.Int))), new IdentifierExpr(Token.NoToken, new LocalVariable(Token.NoToken, new TypedIdent(Token.NoToken, LoopPredicate + "$2", Microsoft.Boogie.Type.Int))) ), "loop predicate equality"); Dictionary assignmentCounts = GetAssignmentCounts(Impl); HashSet alreadyConsidered = new HashSet(); foreach (var v in LocalVars) { string lv = GPUVerifier.StripThreadIdentifier(v.Name); if (alreadyConsidered.Contains(lv)) { continue; } alreadyConsidered.Add(lv); if (verifier.uniformityAnalyser.IsUniform(Impl.Name, v.Name)) { continue; } if (GPUVerifier.IsPredicate(lv)) { continue; } if (!assignmentCounts.ContainsKey(lv) || assignmentCounts[lv] <= 1) { continue; } if (!verifier.ContainsNamedVariable( GetModifiedVariables(region), lv)) { continue; } AddPredicatedEqualityCandidateInvariant(region, LoopPredicate, new LocalVariable(Token.NoToken, new TypedIdent(Token.NoToken, lv, Microsoft.Boogie.Type.Int))); } if (CommandLineOptions.ArrayEqualities) { foreach (Variable v in verifier.KernelArrayInfo.getAllNonLocalArrays()) { if (!verifier.ArrayModelledAdversarially(v)) { AddEqualityCandidateInvariant(region, LoopPredicate, v); } } } } } private static bool IsDisjunctionOfPredicates(Expr guard) { if (!(guard is NAryExpr)) { return false; } NAryExpr nary = (NAryExpr)guard; if(nary.Args.Length != 2) { return false; } if(!(nary.Fun is BinaryOperator)) { return false; } BinaryOperator binOp = (BinaryOperator)nary.Fun; if(binOp.Op != BinaryOperator.Opcode.Or) { return false; } if(!(nary.Args[0] is IdentifierExpr && nary.Args[1] is IdentifierExpr)) { return false; } return GPUVerifier.IsPredicate(GPUVerifier.StripThreadIdentifier( ((IdentifierExpr)nary.Args[0]).Name)) && GPUVerifier.IsPredicate(GPUVerifier.StripThreadIdentifier( ((IdentifierExpr)nary.Args[1]).Name)); } private void AddCandidateInvariants(IRegion region, HashSet LocalVars, List UserSuppliedInvariants, Implementation Impl) { foreach (IRegion subregion in region.SubRegions()) { foreach (InvariantGenerationRule r in invariantGenerationRules) { r.GenerateCandidates(Impl, subregion); } AddBarrierDivergenceCandidates(LocalVars, Impl, subregion); verifier.RaceInstrumenter.AddRaceCheckingCandidateInvariants(Impl, subregion); AddUserSuppliedInvariants(subregion, UserSuppliedInvariants, Impl); } } private void AddUserSuppliedInvariants(IRegion region, List UserSuppliedInvariants, Implementation Impl) { foreach (Expr e in UserSuppliedInvariants) { /* wc.Invariants.Add(new AssertCmd(wc.tok, e)); bool OK = verifier.ProgramIsOK(Impl); wc.Invariants.RemoveAt(wc.Invariants.Count - 1); if (OK) { verifier.AddCandidateInvariant(wc, e, "user supplied"); } */ verifier.AddCandidateInvariant(region, e, "user supplied"); } } internal static HashSet GetModifiedVariables(IRegion region) { HashSet result = new HashSet(); foreach (Cmd c in region.Cmds()) { VariableSeq vars = new VariableSeq(); c.AddAssignedVariables(vars); foreach (Variable v in vars) { result.Add(v); } } return result; } } }