From cee0d5b4c38d6a3488e6dae2d7674ecbcff3f6c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abseil Team <absl-team@google.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Dec 2023 12:11:16 -0800
Subject: Performance improvement for absl::AsciiStrToUpper() and
 absl::AsciiStrToLower()

PiperOrigin-RevId: 591015112
Change-Id: I3e654433f0b0a4ea02ee10e0894e70738e730782
---
 absl/strings/ascii.cc           | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 absl/strings/ascii_benchmark.cc |  4 +--
 2 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/absl/strings/ascii.cc b/absl/strings/ascii.cc
index df905e05..c696a5b1 100644
--- a/absl/strings/ascii.cc
+++ b/absl/strings/ascii.cc
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@
 #include "absl/strings/ascii.h"
 
 #include <climits>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 #include "absl/base/config.h"
 #include "absl/base/nullability.h"
@@ -160,6 +162,19 @@ ABSL_DLL const char kToUpper[256] = {
 };
 // clang-format on
 
+template <class T>
+static constexpr T BroadcastByte(unsigned char value) {
+  static_assert(std::is_integral<T>::value && sizeof(T) <= sizeof(uint64_t) &&
+                    std::is_unsigned<T>::value,
+                "only unsigned integers up to 64-bit allowed");
+  T result = value;
+  constexpr size_t result_bit_width = sizeof(result) * CHAR_BIT;
+  result |= result << ((CHAR_BIT << 0) & (result_bit_width - 1));
+  result |= result << ((CHAR_BIT << 1) & (result_bit_width - 1));
+  result |= result << ((CHAR_BIT << 2) & (result_bit_width - 1));
+  return result;
+}
+
 // Returns whether `c` is in the a-z/A-Z range (w.r.t. `ToUpper`).
 // Implemented by:
 //  1. Pushing the a-z/A-Z range to [SCHAR_MIN, SCHAR_MIN + 26).
@@ -175,8 +190,42 @@ constexpr bool AsciiInAZRange(unsigned char c) {
 }
 
 template <bool ToUpper>
-constexpr void AsciiStrCaseFold(absl::Nonnull<char*> p,
-                                absl::Nonnull<char*> end) {
+static constexpr char* PartialAsciiStrCaseFold(absl::Nonnull<char*> p,
+                                               absl::Nonnull<char*> end) {
+  using vec_t = size_t;
+  const size_t n = static_cast<size_t>(end - p);
+
+  // SWAR algorithm: http://0x80.pl/notesen/2016-01-06-swar-swap-case.html
+  constexpr char ch_a = ToUpper ? 'a' : 'A', ch_z = ToUpper ? 'z' : 'Z';
+  char* const swar_end = p + (n / sizeof(vec_t)) * sizeof(vec_t);
+  while (p < swar_end) {
+    vec_t v = vec_t();
+
+    // memcpy the vector, but constexpr
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(vec_t); ++i) {
+      v |= static_cast<vec_t>(static_cast<unsigned char>(p[i]))
+           << (i * CHAR_BIT);
+    }
+
+    constexpr unsigned int msb = 1u << 7;
+    vec_t a = v + ascii_internal::BroadcastByte<vec_t>(msb - ch_a - 0),
+          z = v + ascii_internal::BroadcastByte<vec_t>(msb - ch_z - 1);
+    v ^= ((a & ~z) & ascii_internal::BroadcastByte<vec_t>(msb)) >> 2;
+
+    // memcpy the vector, but constexpr
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(vec_t); ++i) {
+      p[i] = static_cast<char>(v >> (i * CHAR_BIT));
+    }
+
+    p += sizeof(v);
+  }
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+template <bool ToUpper>
+static constexpr void AsciiStrCaseFold(absl::Nonnull<char*> p,
+                                       absl::Nonnull<char*> end) {
   // The upper- and lowercase versions of ASCII characters differ by only 1 bit.
   // When we need to flip the case, we can xor with this bit to achieve the
   // desired result. Note that the choice of 'a' and 'A' here is arbitrary. We
@@ -184,10 +233,17 @@ constexpr void AsciiStrCaseFold(absl::Nonnull<char*> p,
   // have the same single bit difference.
   constexpr unsigned char kAsciiCaseBitFlip = 'a' ^ 'A';
 
-  for (; p < end; ++p) {
+  using vec_t = size_t;
+  // TODO(b/316380338): When FDO becomes able to vectorize these,
+  // revert this manual optimization and just leave the naive loop.
+  if (static_cast<size_t>(end - p) >= sizeof(vec_t)) {
+    p = ascii_internal::PartialAsciiStrCaseFold<ToUpper>(p, end);
+  }
+  while (p < end) {
     unsigned char v = static_cast<unsigned char>(*p);
     v ^= AsciiInAZRange<ToUpper>(v) ? kAsciiCaseBitFlip : 0;
     *p = static_cast<char>(v);
+    ++p;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/absl/strings/ascii_benchmark.cc b/absl/strings/ascii_benchmark.cc
index 3aecdb8b..4ae73174 100644
--- a/absl/strings/ascii_benchmark.cc
+++ b/absl/strings/ascii_benchmark.cc
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ static void BM_StrToLower(benchmark::State& state) {
 BENCHMARK(BM_StrToLower)
     ->DenseRange(0, 32)
     ->RangeMultiplier(2)
-    ->Range(64, 1 << 20);
+    ->Range(64, 1 << 26);
 
 static void BM_StrToUpper(benchmark::State& state) {
   const int size = state.range(0);
@@ -127,6 +127,6 @@ static void BM_StrToUpper(benchmark::State& state) {
 BENCHMARK(BM_StrToUpper)
     ->DenseRange(0, 32)
     ->RangeMultiplier(2)
-    ->Range(64, 1 << 20);
+    ->Range(64, 1 << 26);
 
 }  // namespace
-- 
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