Export of internal Abseil changes.

--
7fa1107161a03dac53fb84c2b06d8092616c7b13 by Abseil Team <absl-team@google.com>:

Harden the generic stacktrace implementation for use during early program execution

PiperOrigin-RevId: 226375950

--
079f9969329f5eb66f647dd3c44b17541b1bf217 by Matt Kulukundis <kfm@google.com>:

Workaround platforms that have over-aggressive warnings on -Wexit-time-destructors

PiperOrigin-RevId: 226362948

--
1447943f509be681ca5495add0162c750ef237f1 by Matt Kulukundis <kfm@google.com>:

Switch from 64 to size_t atomics so they work on embedded platforms that do not
have 64 bit atomics.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 226210704

--
d14d49837ae2bcde74051e0c79c18ee0f43866b9 by Tom Manshreck <shreck@google.com>:

Develop initial documentation for API breaking changes process:

PiperOrigin-RevId: 226210021

--
7ea3d7fe0e86979dab83a5fc9cc3bf1d6cb3bd53 by Abseil Team <absl-team@google.com>:

Import of CCTZ from GitHub.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 226195522

--
7de873e880d7f016a4fa1e08d626f0535cc470af by Abseil Team <absl-team@google.com>:

Make Abseil LICENSE files newline terminated, with a single
trailing blank line.  Also remove line-ending whitespace.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 226182949

--
7d00643fadfad7f0d992c68bd9d2ed2e5bc960b0 by Matt Kulukundis <kfm@google.com>:

Internal cleanup

PiperOrigin-RevId: 226045282

--
c4a0a11c0ce2875271191e477f3d36eaaeca4613 by Matt Kulukundis <kfm@google.com>:

Internal cleanup

PiperOrigin-RevId: 226038273

--
8ee4ebbb1ae5cda119e436e5ff7e3aa966608c10 by Matt Kulukundis <kfm@google.com>:

Adds a global sampler which tracks a fraction of live tables for collecting
telemetry data.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 226032080

--
d576446f050518cd1b0ae447d682d8552f0e7e30 by Mark Barolak <mbar@google.com>:

Replace an internal CaseEqual function with calls to the identical absl::EqualsIgnoreCase.  This closes out a rather old TODO.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 226024779

--
6b23f1ee028a5ffa608c920424f1220a117a8f3d by Abseil Team <absl-team@google.com>:

Add December 2018 LTS branch to list of LTS branches.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 226011333

--
bb0833a43bdaef4c8c059b17bcd27ba9a085a114 by Mark Barolak <mbar@google.com>:

Explicitly state that when the SimpleAtoi family of functions encounter an error, the value of their output parameter is unspecified.

Also standardize the name of the output parameter to be `out`.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 225997035

--
46c1876b1a248eabda7545daa61a74a4cdfe9077 by Abseil Team <absl-team@google.com>:

Remove deprecated CMake function absl_test, absl_library and absl_header_library

PiperOrigin-RevId: 225950041
GitOrigin-RevId: 7fa1107161a03dac53fb84c2b06d8092616c7b13
Change-Id: I2ca9d3aada9292614527d1339a7557494139b806

2 files changed, 279 insertions, 147 deletions

diff --git a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format.cc b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format.cc
index a02b1e34..aad52c27 100644
--- a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format.cc
+++ b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format.cc
@@ -149,15 +149,25 @@ char* FormatOffset(char* ep, int offset, const char* mode) {
     offset = -offset;  // bounded by 24h so no overflow
     sign = '-';
   }
-  char sep = mode[0];
-  if (sep != '\0' && mode[1] == '*') {
-    ep = Format02d(ep, offset % 60);
+  const int seconds = offset % 60;
+  const int minutes = (offset /= 60) % 60;
+  const int hours = offset /= 60;
+  const char sep = mode[0];
+  const bool ext = (sep != '\0' && mode[1] == '*');
+  const bool ccc = (ext && mode[2] == ':');
+  if (ext && (!ccc || seconds != 0)) {
+    ep = Format02d(ep, seconds);
     *--ep = sep;
+  } else {
+    // If we're not rendering seconds, sub-minute negative offsets
+    // should get a positive sign (e.g., offset=-10s => "+00:00").
+    if (hours == 0 && minutes == 0) sign = '+';
+  }
+  if (!ccc || minutes != 0 || seconds != 0) {
+    ep = Format02d(ep, minutes);
+    if (sep != '\0') *--ep = sep;
   }
-  int minutes = offset / 60;
-  ep = Format02d(ep, minutes % 60);
-  if (sep != '\0') *--ep = sep;
-  ep = Format02d(ep, minutes / 60);
+  ep = Format02d(ep, hours);
   *--ep = sign;
   return ep;
 }
@@ -384,6 +394,44 @@ std::string format(const std::string& format, const time_point<seconds>& tp,
       continue;
     }
 
+    // More complex specifiers that we handle ourselves.
+    if (*cur == ':' && cur + 1 != end) {
+      if (*(cur + 1) == 'z') {
+        // Formats %:z.
+        if (cur - 1 != pending) {
+          FormatTM(&result, std::string(pending, cur - 1), tm);
+        }
+        bp = FormatOffset(ep, al.offset, ":");
+        result.append(bp, static_cast<std::size_t>(ep - bp));
+        pending = cur += 2;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (*(cur + 1) == ':' && cur + 2 != end) {
+        if (*(cur + 2) == 'z') {
+          // Formats %::z.
+          if (cur - 1 != pending) {
+            FormatTM(&result, std::string(pending, cur - 1), tm);
+          }
+          bp = FormatOffset(ep, al.offset, ":*");
+          result.append(bp, static_cast<std::size_t>(ep - bp));
+          pending = cur += 3;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (*(cur + 2) == ':' && cur + 3 != end) {
+          if (*(cur + 3) == 'z') {
+            // Formats %:::z.
+            if (cur - 1 != pending) {
+              FormatTM(&result, std::string(pending, cur - 1), tm);
+            }
+            bp = FormatOffset(ep, al.offset, ":*:");
+            result.append(bp, static_cast<std::size_t>(ep - bp));
+            pending = cur += 4;
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
     // Loop if there is no E modifier.
     if (*cur != 'E' || ++cur == end) continue;
 
@@ -668,17 +716,27 @@ bool parse(const std::string& format, const std::string& input,
                         &percent_s);
         if (data != nullptr) saw_percent_s = true;
         continue;
+      case ':':
+        if (fmt[0] == 'z' ||
+            (fmt[0] == ':' &&
+             (fmt[1] == 'z' || (fmt[1] == ':' && fmt[2] == 'z')))) {
+          data = ParseOffset(data, ":", &offset);
+          if (data != nullptr) saw_offset = true;
+          fmt += (fmt[0] == 'z') ? 1 : (fmt[1] == 'z') ? 2 : 3;
+          continue;
+        }
+        break;
       case '%':
         data = (*data == '%' ? data + 1 : nullptr);
         continue;
       case 'E':
-        if (*fmt == 'z' || (*fmt == '*' && *(fmt + 1) == 'z')) {
+        if (fmt[0] == 'z' || (fmt[0] == '*' && fmt[1] == 'z')) {
           data = ParseOffset(data, ":", &offset);
           if (data != nullptr) saw_offset = true;
-          fmt += (*fmt == 'z') ? 1 : 2;
+          fmt += (fmt[0] == 'z') ? 1 : 2;
           continue;
         }
-        if (*fmt == '*' && *(fmt + 1) == 'S') {
+        if (fmt[0] == '*' && fmt[1] == 'S') {
           data = ParseInt(data, 2, 0, 60, &tm.tm_sec);
           if (data != nullptr && *data == '.') {
             data = ParseSubSeconds(data + 1, &subseconds);
@@ -686,14 +744,14 @@ bool parse(const std::string& format, const std::string& input,
           fmt += 2;
           continue;
         }
-        if (*fmt == '*' && *(fmt + 1) == 'f') {
+        if (fmt[0] == '*' && fmt[1] == 'f') {
           if (data != nullptr && std::isdigit(*data)) {
             data = ParseSubSeconds(data, &subseconds);
           }
           fmt += 2;
           continue;
         }
-        if (*fmt == '4' && *(fmt + 1) == 'Y') {
+        if (fmt[0] == '4' && fmt[1] == 'Y') {
           const char* bp = data;
           data = ParseInt(data, 4, year_t{-999}, year_t{9999}, &year);
           if (data != nullptr) {
diff --git a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format_test.cc b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format_test.cc
index 6b9928ed..cd0ae23f 100644
--- a/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format_test.cc
+++ b/absl/time/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_format_test.cc
@@ -436,51 +436,165 @@ TEST(Format, CompareExtendSecondsVsSubseconds) {
 }
 
 TEST(Format, ExtendedOffset) {
-  auto tp = chrono::system_clock::from_time_t(0);
+  const auto tp = chrono::system_clock::from_time_t(0);
 
-  time_zone tz = utc_time_zone();
+  auto tz = fixed_time_zone(absl::time_internal::cctz::seconds::zero());
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "+0000");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "+00:00");
   TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "+00:00");
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(load_time_zone("America/New_York", &tz));
-  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "-05:00");
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(load_time_zone("America/Los_Angeles", &tz));
-  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "-08:00");
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "+0000");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "+00:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "+00:00");
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(load_time_zone("Australia/Sydney", &tz));
-  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "+10:00");
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::seconds(56));  // NOTE: +00:00
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "+0000");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "+00:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "+00:00");
 
-  EXPECT_TRUE(load_time_zone("Africa/Monrovia", &tz));
-  // The true offset is -00:44:30 but %z only gives (truncated) minutes.
-  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "-0044");
-  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "-00:44");
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::minutes(34));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "+0034");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "+00:34");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "+00:34");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::minutes(34));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "-0034");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "-00:34");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "-00:34");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::minutes(34) + chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "+0034");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "+00:34");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "+00:34");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::minutes(34) - chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "-0034");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "-00:34");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "-00:34");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::hours(12));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "+1200");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "+12:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "+12:00");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::hours(12));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "-1200");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "-12:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "-12:00");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::hours(12) + chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "+1200");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "+12:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "+12:00");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::hours(12) - chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "-1200");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "-12:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "-12:00");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::hours(12) + chrono::minutes(34));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "+1234");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "+12:34");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "+12:34");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::hours(12) - chrono::minutes(34));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "-1234");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "-12:34");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "-12:34");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::hours(12) + chrono::minutes(34) +
+                       chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "+1234");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "+12:34");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "+12:34");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::hours(12) - chrono::minutes(34) -
+                       chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%z", "-1234");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:z", "-12:34");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "-12:34");
 }
 
 TEST(Format, ExtendedSecondOffset) {
-  const time_zone utc = utc_time_zone();
-  time_point<chrono::seconds> tp;
-  time_zone tz;
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(load_time_zone("America/New_York", &tz));
-  tp = convert(civil_second(1883, 11, 18, 16, 59, 59), utc);
-  if (tz.lookup(tp).offset == -5 * 60 * 60) {
-    // It looks like the tzdata is only 32 bit (probably macOS),
-    // which bottoms out at 1901-12-13T20:45:52+00:00.
-  } else {
-    TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "-04:56:02");
-    TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "-04:56");
-  }
-  tp += chrono::seconds(1);
-  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "-05:00:00");
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(load_time_zone("Europe/Moscow", &tz));
-  tp = convert(civil_second(1919, 6, 30, 23, 59, 59), utc);
-  if (VersionCmp(tz, "2016g") >= 0) {
-    TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "+04:31:19");
-    TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%Ez", "+04:31");
-  }
-  tp += chrono::seconds(1);
-  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "+04:00:00");
+  const auto tp = chrono::system_clock::from_time_t(0);
+
+  auto tz = fixed_time_zone(absl::time_internal::cctz::seconds::zero());
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "+00:00:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "+00:00:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "+00");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "+00:00:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "+00:00:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "+00:00:56");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "-00:00:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "-00:00:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "-00:00:56");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::minutes(34));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "+00:34:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "+00:34:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "+00:34");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::minutes(34));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "-00:34:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "-00:34:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "-00:34");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::minutes(34) + chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "+00:34:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "+00:34:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "+00:34:56");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::minutes(34) - chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "-00:34:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "-00:34:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "-00:34:56");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::hours(12));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "+12:00:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "+12:00:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "+12");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::hours(12));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "-12:00:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "-12:00:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "-12");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::hours(12) + chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "+12:00:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "+12:00:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "+12:00:56");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::hours(12) - chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "-12:00:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "-12:00:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "-12:00:56");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::hours(12) + chrono::minutes(34));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "+12:34:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "+12:34:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "+12:34");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::hours(12) - chrono::minutes(34));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "-12:34:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "-12:34:00");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "-12:34");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(chrono::hours(12) + chrono::minutes(34) +
+                       chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "+12:34:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "+12:34:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "+12:34:56");
+
+  tz = fixed_time_zone(-chrono::hours(12) - chrono::minutes(34) -
+                       chrono::seconds(56));
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%E*z", "-12:34:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%::z", "-12:34:56");
+  TestFormatSpecifier(tp, tz, "%:::z", "-12:34:56");
 }
 
 TEST(Format, ExtendedYears) {
@@ -1160,25 +1274,6 @@ TEST(Parse, ExtendedOffset) {
   const time_zone utc = utc_time_zone();
   time_point<absl::time_internal::cctz::seconds> tp;
 
-  // %z against +-HHMM.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%z", "+0000", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%z", "-1234", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%z", "+1234", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 26, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse("%z", "-123", utc, &tp));
-
-  // %z against +-HH.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%z", "+00", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%z", "-12", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%z", "+12", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 12, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse("%z", "-1", utc, &tp));
-
-  // %Ez against +-HH:MM.
   EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "+00:00", utc, &tp));
   EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
   EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "-12:34", utc, &tp));
@@ -1187,91 +1282,70 @@ TEST(Parse, ExtendedOffset) {
   EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 26, 0), utc), tp);
   EXPECT_FALSE(parse("%Ez", "-12:3", utc, &tp));
 
-  // %Ez against +-HHMM.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "+0000", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "-1234", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "+1234", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 26, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse("%Ez", "-123", utc, &tp));
-
-  // %Ez against +-HH.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "+00", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "-12", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "+12", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 12, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse("%Ez", "-1", utc, &tp));
+  for (auto fmt : {"%Ez", "%z"}) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+0000", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "-1234", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+1234", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 26, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse(fmt, "-123", utc, &tp));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+00", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "-12", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+12", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 12, 0, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse(fmt, "-1", utc, &tp));
+  }
 }
 
 TEST(Parse, ExtendedSecondOffset) {
   const time_zone utc = utc_time_zone();
   time_point<absl::time_internal::cctz::seconds> tp;
 
-  // %Ez against +-HH:MM:SS.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "+00:00:00", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "-12:34:56", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 56), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "+12:34:56", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 25, 4), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse("%Ez", "-12:34:5", utc, &tp));
-
-  // %Ez against +-HHMMSS.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "+000000", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "-123456", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 56), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%Ez", "+123456", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 25, 4), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse("%Ez", "-12345", utc, &tp));
-
-  // %E*z against +-HH:MM:SS.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "+00:00:00", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "-12:34:56", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 56), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "+12:34:56", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 25, 4), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse("%E*z", "-12:34:5", utc, &tp));
-
-  // %E*z against +-HHMMSS.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "+000000", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "-123456", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 56), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "+123456", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 25, 4), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse("%E*z", "-12345", utc, &tp));
-
-  // %E*z against +-HH:MM.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "+00:00", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "-12:34", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "+12:34", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 26, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse("%E*z", "-12:3", utc, &tp));
-
-  // %E*z against +-HHMM.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "+0000", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "-1234", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "+1234", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 26, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse("%E*z", "-123", utc, &tp));
-
-  // %E*z against +-HH.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "+00", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "-12", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(parse("%E*z", "+12", utc, &tp));
-  EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 12, 0, 0), utc), tp);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(parse("%E*z", "-1", utc, &tp));
+  for (auto fmt : {"%Ez", "%E*z", "%:z", "%::z", "%:::z"}) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+00:00:00", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "-12:34:56", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 56), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+12:34:56", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 25, 4), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse(fmt, "-12:34:5", utc, &tp));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+000000", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "-123456", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 56), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+123456", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 25, 4), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse(fmt, "-12345", utc, &tp));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+00:00", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "-12:34", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+12:34", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 26, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse(fmt, "-12:3", utc, &tp));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+0000", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "-1234", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 34, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+1234", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 11, 26, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse(fmt, "-123", utc, &tp));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+00", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "-12", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1970, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse(fmt, "+12", utc, &tp));
+    EXPECT_EQ(convert(civil_second(1969, 12, 31, 12, 0, 0), utc), tp);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse(fmt, "-1", utc, &tp));
+  }
 }
 
 TEST(Parse, ExtendedYears) {