Create `absl::container_internal::c_for_each_fast` for SwissTable.

This function is aimed to achieve faster iteration through the entire hash table.
It is not ready to be used by the public and stays in `container_internal` namespace.

Differences with `absl::c_for_each`:
1. No guarantees on order of iteration. Although for the hash table it is partially not guaranteed already. But we do not even guarantee that it is the same order as in the for loop range. De facto, the order is the same at the moment.
2. No mutating reentrance is allowed. Most notably erasing from the hash_table is not allowed.

Based on microbenchmarks, there are following conclusions:
1. c_for_each_fast is clearly faster on big tables with 20-60% speedup.
2. Microbenchmarks show regression on a full small table without any empty slots.
   We should avoid recommending that for small tables.
3. It seems reasonable to use `c_for_each_fast` in places, where `skip_empty_or_deleted` has significant GCU usage. `skip_empty_or_deleted` usage signals that there are "gaps" between elements, so `c_for_each_fast` should be an improvement.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 645142512
Change-Id: I279886b8c8b2545504c2bf7e037d27b2545e044d

1 files changed, 53 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/absl/container/flat_hash_map_test.cc b/absl/container/flat_hash_map_test.cc
index eaa86925..08915e20 100644
--- a/absl/container/flat_hash_map_test.cc
+++ b/absl/container/flat_hash_map_test.cc
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ using ::testing::_;
 using ::testing::IsEmpty;
 using ::testing::Pair;
 using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAre;
+using ::testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray;
 
 // Check that absl::flat_hash_map works in a global constructor.
 struct BeforeMain {
@@ -307,6 +308,58 @@ TEST(FlatHashMap, EraseIf) {
   }
 }
 
+TEST(FlatHashMap, CForEach) {
+  flat_hash_map<int, int> m;
+  std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> expected;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    {
+      SCOPED_TRACE("mutable object iteration");
+      std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> v;
+      absl::container_internal::c_for_each_fast(
+          m, [&v](std::pair<const int, int>& p) { v.push_back(p); });
+      EXPECT_THAT(v, UnorderedElementsAreArray(expected));
+    }
+    {
+      SCOPED_TRACE("const object iteration");
+      std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> v;
+      const flat_hash_map<int, int>& cm = m;
+      absl::container_internal::c_for_each_fast(
+          cm, [&v](const std::pair<const int, int>& p) { v.push_back(p); });
+      EXPECT_THAT(v, UnorderedElementsAreArray(expected));
+    }
+    {
+      SCOPED_TRACE("const object iteration");
+      std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> v;
+      absl::container_internal::c_for_each_fast(
+          flat_hash_map<int, int>(m),
+          [&v](std::pair<const int, int>& p) { v.push_back(p); });
+      EXPECT_THAT(v, UnorderedElementsAreArray(expected));
+    }
+    m[i] = i;
+    expected.emplace_back(i, i);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(FlatHashMap, CForEachMutate) {
+  flat_hash_map<int, int> s;
+  std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> expected;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+    std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> v;
+    absl::container_internal::c_for_each_fast(
+        s, [&v](std::pair<const int, int>& p) {
+          v.push_back(p);
+          p.second++;
+        });
+    EXPECT_THAT(v, UnorderedElementsAreArray(expected));
+    for (auto& p : expected) {
+      p.second++;
+    }
+    EXPECT_THAT(s, UnorderedElementsAreArray(expected));
+    s[i] = i;
+    expected.emplace_back(i, i);
+  }
+}
+
 // This test requires std::launder for mutable key access in node handles.
 #if defined(__cpp_lib_launder) && __cpp_lib_launder >= 201606
 TEST(FlatHashMap, NodeHandleMutableKeyAccess) {