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(************************************************************************)
(* * The Coq Proof Assistant / The Coq Development Team *)
(* v * INRIA, CNRS and contributors - Copyright 1999-2018 *)
(* <O___,, * (see CREDITS file for the list of authors) *)
(* \VV/ **************************************************************)
(* // * This file is distributed under the terms of the *)
(* * GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 *)
(* * (see LICENSE file for the text of the license) *)
(************************************************************************)
(** This file is deprecated, for a tree on list, use [Mergesort.v]. *)
(** A development of Treesort on Heap trees. It has an average
complexity of O(n.log n) but of O(n²) in the worst case (e.g. if
the list is already sorted) *)
(* G. Huet 1-9-95 uses Multiset *)
Require Import List Multiset PermutSetoid Relations Sorting.
Section defs.
(** * Trees and heap trees *)
(** ** Definition of trees over an ordered set *)
Variable A : Type.
Variable leA : relation A.
Variable eqA : relation A.
Let gtA (x y:A) := ~ leA x y.
Hypothesis leA_dec : forall x y:A, {leA x y} + {leA y x}.
Hypothesis eqA_dec : forall x y:A, {eqA x y} + {~ eqA x y}.
Hypothesis leA_refl : forall x y:A, eqA x y -> leA x y.
Hypothesis leA_trans : forall x y z:A, leA x y -> leA y z -> leA x z.
Hypothesis leA_antisym : forall x y:A, leA x y -> leA y x -> eqA x y.
Hint Resolve leA_refl.
Hint Immediate eqA_dec leA_dec leA_antisym.
Let emptyBag := EmptyBag A.
Let singletonBag := SingletonBag _ eqA_dec.
Inductive Tree :=
| Tree_Leaf : Tree
| Tree_Node : A -> Tree -> Tree -> Tree.
(** [a] is lower than a Tree [T] if [T] is a Leaf
or [T] is a Node holding [b>a] *)
Definition leA_Tree (a:A) (t:Tree) :=
match t with
| Tree_Leaf => True
| Tree_Node b T1 T2 => leA a b
end.
Lemma leA_Tree_Leaf : forall a:A, leA_Tree a Tree_Leaf.
Proof.
simpl; auto with datatypes.
Qed.
Lemma leA_Tree_Node :
forall (a b:A) (G D:Tree), leA a b -> leA_Tree a (Tree_Node b G D).
Proof.
simpl; auto with datatypes.
Qed.
(** ** The heap property *)
Inductive is_heap : Tree -> Prop :=
| nil_is_heap : is_heap Tree_Leaf
| node_is_heap :
forall (a:A) (T1 T2:Tree),
leA_Tree a T1 ->
leA_Tree a T2 ->
is_heap T1 -> is_heap T2 -> is_heap (Tree_Node a T1 T2).
Lemma invert_heap :
forall (a:A) (T1 T2:Tree),
is_heap (Tree_Node a T1 T2) ->
leA_Tree a T1 /\ leA_Tree a T2 /\ is_heap T1 /\ is_heap T2.
Proof.
intros; inversion H; auto with datatypes.
Qed.
(* This lemma ought to be generated automatically by the Inversion tools *)
Lemma is_heap_rect :
forall P:Tree -> Type,
P Tree_Leaf ->
(forall (a:A) (T1 T2:Tree),
leA_Tree a T1 ->
leA_Tree a T2 ->
is_heap T1 -> P T1 -> is_heap T2 -> P T2 -> P (Tree_Node a T1 T2)) ->
forall T:Tree, is_heap T -> P T.
Proof.
simple induction T; auto with datatypes.
intros a G PG D PD PN.
elim (invert_heap a G D); auto with datatypes.
intros H1 H2; elim H2; intros H3 H4; elim H4; intros.
apply X0; auto with datatypes.
Qed.
(* This lemma ought to be generated automatically by the Inversion tools *)
Lemma is_heap_rec :
forall P:Tree -> Set,
P Tree_Leaf ->
(forall (a:A) (T1 T2:Tree),
leA_Tree a T1 ->
leA_Tree a T2 ->
is_heap T1 -> P T1 -> is_heap T2 -> P T2 -> P (Tree_Node a T1 T2)) ->
forall T:Tree, is_heap T -> P T.
Proof.
simple induction T; auto with datatypes.
intros a G PG D PD PN.
elim (invert_heap a G D); auto with datatypes.
intros H1 H2; elim H2; intros H3 H4; elim H4; intros.
apply X; auto with datatypes.
Qed.
Lemma low_trans :
forall (T:Tree) (a b:A), leA a b -> leA_Tree b T -> leA_Tree a T.
Proof.
simple induction T; auto with datatypes.
intros; simpl; apply leA_trans with b; auto with datatypes.
Qed.
(** ** Merging two sorted lists *)
Inductive merge_lem (l1 l2:list A) : Type :=
merge_exist :
forall l:list A,
Sorted leA l ->
meq (list_contents _ eqA_dec l)
(munion (list_contents _ eqA_dec l1) (list_contents _ eqA_dec l2)) ->
(forall a, HdRel leA a l1 -> HdRel leA a l2 -> HdRel leA a l) ->
merge_lem l1 l2.
Import Morphisms.
Instance: Equivalence (@meq A).
Proof. constructor; auto with datatypes. red. apply meq_trans. Defined.
Instance: Proper (@meq A ++> @meq _ ++> @meq _) (@munion A).
Proof. intros x y H x' y' H'. now apply meq_congr. Qed.
Lemma merge :
forall l1:list A, Sorted leA l1 ->
forall l2:list A, Sorted leA l2 -> merge_lem l1 l2.
Proof.
fix merge 1; intros; destruct l1.
apply merge_exist with l2; auto with datatypes.
rename l1 into l.
revert l2 H0. fix merge0 1. intros.
destruct l2 as [|a0 l0].
apply merge_exist with (a :: l); simpl; auto with datatypes.
induction (leA_dec a a0) as [Hle|Hle].
(* 1 (leA a a0) *)
apply Sorted_inv in H. destruct H.
destruct (merge l H (a0 :: l0) H0) as [l1 H2 H3 H4].
apply merge_exist with (a :: l1). clear merge merge0.
auto using cons_sort, cons_leA with datatypes.
simpl. rewrite H3. now rewrite munion_ass.
intros. apply cons_leA.
apply (@HdRel_inv _ leA) with l; trivial with datatypes.
(* 2 (leA a0 a) *)
apply Sorted_inv in H0. destruct H0.
destruct (merge0 l0 H0) as [l1 H2 H3 H4]. clear merge merge0.
apply merge_exist with (a0 :: l1);
auto using cons_sort, cons_leA with datatypes.
simpl; rewrite H3. simpl. setoid_rewrite munion_ass at 1. rewrite munion_comm.
repeat rewrite munion_ass. setoid_rewrite munion_comm at 3. reflexivity.
intros. apply cons_leA.
apply (@HdRel_inv _ leA) with l0; trivial with datatypes.
Qed.
(** ** From trees to multisets *)
(** contents of a tree as a multiset *)
(** Nota Bene : In what follows the definition of SingletonBag
in not used. Actually, we could just take as postulate:
[Parameter SingletonBag : A->multiset]. *)
Fixpoint contents (t:Tree) : multiset A :=
match t with
| Tree_Leaf => emptyBag
| Tree_Node a t1 t2 =>
munion (contents t1) (munion (contents t2) (singletonBag a))
end.
(** equivalence of two trees is equality of corresponding multisets *)
Definition equiv_Tree (t1 t2:Tree) := meq (contents t1) (contents t2).
(** * From lists to sorted lists *)
(** ** Specification of heap insertion *)
Inductive insert_spec (a:A) (T:Tree) : Type :=
insert_exist :
forall T1:Tree,
is_heap T1 ->
meq (contents T1) (munion (contents T) (singletonBag a)) ->
(forall b:A, leA b a -> leA_Tree b T -> leA_Tree b T1) ->
insert_spec a T.
Lemma insert : forall T:Tree, is_heap T -> forall a:A, insert_spec a T.
Proof.
simple induction 1; intros.
apply insert_exist with (Tree_Node a Tree_Leaf Tree_Leaf);
auto using node_is_heap, nil_is_heap, leA_Tree_Leaf with datatypes.
simpl; unfold meq, munion; auto using node_is_heap with datatypes.
elim (leA_dec a a0); intros.
elim (X a0); intros.
apply insert_exist with (Tree_Node a T2 T0);
auto using node_is_heap, nil_is_heap, leA_Tree_Leaf with datatypes.
simpl; apply treesort_twist1; trivial with datatypes.
elim (X a); intros T3 HeapT3 ConT3 LeA.
apply insert_exist with (Tree_Node a0 T2 T3);
auto using node_is_heap, nil_is_heap, leA_Tree_Leaf with datatypes.
apply node_is_heap; auto using node_is_heap, nil_is_heap, leA_Tree_Leaf with datatypes.
apply low_trans with a; auto with datatypes.
apply LeA; auto with datatypes.
apply low_trans with a; auto with datatypes.
simpl; apply treesort_twist2; trivial with datatypes.
Qed.
(** ** Building a heap from a list *)
Inductive build_heap (l:list A) : Type :=
heap_exist :
forall T:Tree,
is_heap T ->
meq (list_contents _ eqA_dec l) (contents T) -> build_heap l.
Lemma list_to_heap : forall l:list A, build_heap l.
Proof.
simple induction l.
apply (heap_exist nil Tree_Leaf); auto with datatypes.
simpl; unfold meq; exact nil_is_heap.
simple induction 1.
intros T i m; elim (insert T i a).
intros; apply heap_exist with T1; simpl; auto with datatypes.
apply meq_trans with (munion (contents T) (singletonBag a)).
apply meq_trans with (munion (singletonBag a) (contents T)).
apply meq_right; trivial with datatypes.
apply munion_comm.
apply meq_sym; trivial with datatypes.
Qed.
(** ** Building the sorted list *)
Inductive flat_spec (T:Tree) : Type :=
flat_exist :
forall l:list A,
Sorted leA l ->
(forall a:A, leA_Tree a T -> HdRel leA a l) ->
meq (contents T) (list_contents _ eqA_dec l) -> flat_spec T.
Lemma heap_to_list : forall T:Tree, is_heap T -> flat_spec T.
Proof.
intros T h; elim h; intros.
apply flat_exist with (nil (A:=A)); auto with datatypes.
elim X; intros l1 s1 i1 m1; elim X0; intros l2 s2 i2 m2.
elim (merge _ s1 _ s2); intros.
apply flat_exist with (a :: l); simpl; auto with datatypes.
apply meq_trans with
(munion (list_contents _ eqA_dec l1)
(munion (list_contents _ eqA_dec l2) (singletonBag a))).
apply meq_congr; auto with datatypes.
apply meq_trans with
(munion (singletonBag a)
(munion (list_contents _ eqA_dec l1) (list_contents _ eqA_dec l2))).
apply munion_rotate.
apply meq_right; apply meq_sym; trivial with datatypes.
Qed.
(** * Specification of treesort *)
Theorem treesort :
forall l:list A,
{m : list A | Sorted leA m & permutation _ eqA_dec l m}.
Proof.
intro l; unfold permutation.
elim (list_to_heap l).
intros.
elim (heap_to_list T); auto with datatypes.
intros.
exists l0; auto with datatypes.
apply meq_trans with (contents T); trivial with datatypes.
Qed.
End defs.
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