path: root/proofs/proofview.ml

(************************************************************************)
(*  v      *   The Coq Proof Assistant  /  The Coq Development Team     *)
(* <O___,, *   INRIA - CNRS - LIX - LRI - PPS - Copyright 1999-2016     *)
(*   \VV/  **************************************************************)
(*    //   *      This file is distributed under the terms of the       *)
(*         *       GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1        *)
(************************************************************************)


(** This files defines the basic mechanism of proofs: the [proofview]
    type is the state which tactics manipulate (a global state for
    existential variables, together with the list of goals), and the type
    ['a tactic] is the (abstract) type of tactics modifying the proof
    state and returning a value of type ['a]. *)

open Pp
open Util
open Proofview_monad
open Sigma.Notations
open Context.Named.Declaration

(** Main state of tactics *)
type proofview = Proofview_monad.proofview

type entry = (Term.constr * Term.types) list

(** Returns a stylised view of a proofview for use by, for instance,
    ide-s. *)
(* spiwack: the type of [proofview] will change as we push more
   refined functions to ide-s. This would be better than spawning a
   new nearly identical function everytime. Hence the generic name. *)
(* In this version: returns the list of focused goals together with
   the [evar_map] context. *)
let proofview p =
  p.comb , p.solution

let compact el ({ solution } as pv) =
  let nf = Evarutil.nf_evar solution in
  let size = Evd.fold (fun _ _ i -> i+1) solution 0 in
  let new_el = List.map (fun (t,ty) -> nf t, nf ty) el in
  let pruned_solution = Evd.drop_all_defined solution in
  let apply_subst_einfo _ ei =
    Evd.({ ei with
       evar_concl =  nf ei.evar_concl;
       evar_hyps = Environ.map_named_val nf ei.evar_hyps;
       evar_candidates = Option.map (List.map nf) ei.evar_candidates }) in
  let new_solution = Evd.raw_map_undefined apply_subst_einfo pruned_solution in
  let new_size = Evd.fold (fun _ _ i -> i+1) new_solution 0 in
  msg_info (Pp.str (Printf.sprintf "Evars: %d -> %d\n" size new_size));
  new_el, { pv with solution = new_solution; }


(** {6 Starting and querying a proof view} *)

type telescope =
  | TNil of Evd.evar_map
  | TCons of Environ.env * Evd.evar_map * Term.types * (Evd.evar_map -> Term.constr -> telescope)

let dependent_init =
  (* Goals are created with a store which marks them as unresolvable
     for type classes. *)
  let store = Typeclasses.set_resolvable Evd.Store.empty false in
  (* Goals don't have a source location. *)
  let src = (Loc.ghost,Evar_kinds.GoalEvar) in
  (* Main routine *)
  let rec aux = function
  | TNil sigma -> [], { solution = sigma; comb = []; shelf = [] }
  | TCons (env, sigma, typ, t) ->
    let sigma = Sigma.Unsafe.of_evar_map sigma in
    let Sigma (econstr, sigma, _) = Evarutil.new_evar env sigma ~src ~store typ in
    let sigma = Sigma.to_evar_map sigma in
    let ret, { solution = sol; comb = comb } = aux (t sigma econstr) in
    let (gl, _) = Term.destEvar econstr in
    let entry = (econstr, typ) :: ret in
    entry, { solution = sol; comb = gl :: comb; shelf = [] }
  in
  fun t ->
    let entry, v = aux t in
    (* The created goal are not to be shelved. *)
    let solution = Evd.reset_future_goals v.solution in
    entry, { v with solution }

let init =
  let rec aux sigma = function
    | [] -> TNil sigma
    | (env,g)::l -> TCons (env,sigma,g,(fun sigma _ -> aux sigma l))
  in
  fun sigma l -> dependent_init (aux sigma l)

let initial_goals initial = initial

let finished = function
  | {comb = []} -> true
  | _  -> false

let return { solution=defs } = defs

let return_constr { solution = defs } c = Evarutil.nf_evar defs c

let partial_proof entry pv = CList.map (return_constr pv) (CList.map fst entry)


(** {6 Focusing commands} *)

(** A [focus_context] represents the part of the proof view which has
    been removed by a focusing action, it can be used to unfocus later
    on. *)
(* First component is a reverse list of the goals which come before
   and second component is the list of the goals which go after (in
   the expected order). *)
type focus_context = Evar.t list * Evar.t list


(** Returns a stylised view of a focus_context for use by, for
    instance, ide-s. *)
(* spiwack: the type of [focus_context] will change as we push more
   refined functions to ide-s. This would be better than spawning a
   new nearly identical function everytime. Hence the generic name. *)
(* In this version: the goals in the context, as a "zipper" (the first
   list is in reversed order). *)
let focus_context f = f

(** This (internal) function extracts a sublist between two indices,
    and returns this sublist together with its context: if it returns
    [(a,(b,c))] then [a] is the sublist and (rev b)@a@c is the
    original list.  The focused list has lenght [j-i-1] and contains
    the goals from number [i] to number [j] (both included) the first
    goal of the list being numbered [1].  [focus_sublist i j l] raises
    [IndexOutOfRange] if [i > length l], or [j > length l] or [j <
    i]. *)
let focus_sublist i j l =
  let (left,sub_right) = CList.goto (i-1) l in
  let (sub, right) = 
    try CList.chop (j-i+1) sub_right
    with Failure _ -> raise CList.IndexOutOfRange
  in
  (sub, (left,right))

(** Inverse operation to the previous one. *)
let unfocus_sublist (left,right) s =
  CList.rev_append left (s@right)


(** [focus i j] focuses a proofview on the goals from index [i] to
    index [j] (inclusive, goals are indexed from [1]). I.e. goals
    number [i] to [j] become the only focused goals of the returned
    proofview.  It returns the focused proofview, and a context for
    the focus stack. *)
let focus i j sp =
  let (new_comb, context) = focus_sublist i j sp.comb in
  ( { sp with comb = new_comb } , context )


(** [advance sigma g] returns [Some g'] if [g'] is undefined and is
    the current avatar of [g] (for instance [g] was changed by [clear]
    into [g']). It returns [None] if [g] has been (partially)
    solved. *)
(* spiwack: [advance] is probably performance critical, and the good
   behaviour of its definition may depend sensitively to the actual
   definition of [Evd.find]. Currently, [Evd.find] starts looking for
   a value in the heap of undefined variable, which is small. Hence in
   the most common case, where [advance] is applied to an unsolved
   goal ([advance] is used to figure if a side effect has modified the
   goal) it terminates quickly. *)
let rec advance sigma g =
  let open Evd in
  let evi = Evd.find sigma g in
  match evi.evar_body with
  | Evar_empty -> Some g
  | Evar_defined v ->
      if Option.default false (Store.get evi.evar_extra Evarutil.cleared) then
        let (e,_) = Term.destEvar v in
        advance sigma e
      else
        None

(** [undefined defs l] is the list of goals in [l] which are still
    unsolved (after advancing cleared goals). *)
let undefined defs l = CList.map_filter (advance defs) l

(** Unfocuses a proofview with respect to a context. *)
let unfocus c sp =
  { sp with comb = undefined sp.solution (unfocus_sublist c sp.comb) }


(** {6 The tactic monad} *)

(** - Tactics are objects which apply a transformation to all the
    subgoals of the current view at the same time. By opposition to
    the old vision of applying it to a single goal. It allows tactics
    such as [shelve_unifiable], tactics to reorder the focused goals,
    or global automation tactic for dependent subgoals (instantiating
    an evar has influences on the other goals of the proof in
    progress, not being able to take that into account causes the
    current eauto tactic to fail on some instances where it could
    succeed).  Another benefit is that it is possible to write tactics
    that can be executed even if there are no focused goals.
    - Tactics form a monad ['a tactic], in a sense a tactic can be
    seen as a function (without argument) which returns a value of
    type 'a and modifies the environment (in our case: the view).
    Tactics of course have arguments, but these are given at the
    meta-level as OCaml functions.  Most tactics in the sense we are
    used to return [()], that is no really interesting values. But
    some might pass information around.  The tactics seen in Coq's
    Ltac are (for now at least) only [unit tactic], the return values
    are kept for the OCaml toolkit.  The operation or the monad are
    [Proofview.tclUNIT] (which is the "return" of the tactic monad)
    [Proofview.tclBIND] (which is the "bind") and [Proofview.tclTHEN]
    (which is a specialized bind on unit-returning tactics).
    - Tactics have support for full-backtracking. Tactics can be seen
    having multiple success: if after returning the first success a
    failure is encountered, the tactic can backtrack and use a second
    success if available. The state is backtracked to its previous
    value, except the non-logical state defined in the {!NonLogical}
    module below.
*)
(* spiwack: as far as I'm aware this doesn't really relate to
   F. Kirchner and C. Muñoz. *)

module Proof = Logical

(** type of tactics:

   tactics can
   - access the environment,
   - report unsafe status, shelved goals and given up goals
   - access and change the current [proofview]
   - backtrack on previous changes of the proofview *)
type +'a tactic = 'a Proof.t

(** Applies a tactic to the current proofview. *)
let apply env t sp =
  let open Logic_monad in
  let ans = Proof.repr (Proof.run t false (sp,env)) in
  let ans = Logic_monad.NonLogical.run ans in
  match ans with
  | Nil (e, info) -> iraise (TacticFailure e, info)
  | Cons ((r, (state, _), status, info), _) ->
    let (status, gaveup) = status in
    let status = (status, state.shelf, gaveup) in
    let state = { state with shelf = [] } in
    r, state, status, Trace.to_tree info



(** {7 Monadic primitives} *)

(** Unit of the tactic monad. *)
let tclUNIT = Proof.return

(** Bind operation of the tactic monad. *)
let tclBIND = Proof.(>>=)

(** Interpretes the ";" (semicolon) of Ltac. As a monadic operation,
    it's a specialized "bind". *)
let tclTHEN = Proof.(>>)

(** [tclIGNORE t] has the same operational content as [t], but drops
    the returned value. *)
let tclIGNORE = Proof.ignore

module Monad = Proof



(** {7 Failure and backtracking} *)


(** [tclZERO e] fails with exception [e]. It has no success. *)
let tclZERO ?info e =
  let info = match info with
  | None -> Exninfo.null
  | Some info -> info
  in
  Proof.zero (e, info)

(** [tclOR t1 t2] behaves like [t1] as long as [t1] succeeds. Whenever
    the successes of [t1] have been depleted and it failed with [e],
    then it behaves as [t2 e]. In other words, [tclOR] inserts a
    backtracking point. *)
let tclOR = Proof.plus

(** [tclORELSE t1 t2] is equal to [t1] if [t1] has at least one
    success or [t2 e] if [t1] fails with [e]. It is analogous to
    [try/with] handler of exception in that it is not a backtracking
    point. *)
let tclORELSE t1 t2 =
  let open Logic_monad in
  let open Proof in
  split t1 >>= function
    | Nil e -> t2 e
    | Cons (a,t1') -> plus (return a) t1'

(** [tclIFCATCH a s f] is a generalisation of {!tclORELSE}: if [a]
    succeeds at least once then it behaves as [tclBIND a s] otherwise,
    if [a] fails with [e], then it behaves as [f e]. *)
let tclIFCATCH a s f =
  let open Logic_monad in
  let open Proof in
  split a >>= function
    | Nil e -> f e
    | Cons (x,a') -> plus (s x) (fun e -> (a' e) >>= fun x' -> (s x'))

(** [tclONCE t] behave like [t] except it has at most one success:
    [tclONCE t] stops after the first success of [t]. If [t] fails
    with [e], [tclONCE t] also fails with [e]. *)
let tclONCE = Proof.once

exception MoreThanOneSuccess
let _ = Errors.register_handler begin function
  | MoreThanOneSuccess -> Errors.error "This tactic has more than one success."
  | _ -> raise Errors.Unhandled
end

(** [tclEXACTLY_ONCE e t] succeeds as [t] if [t] has exactly one
    success. Otherwise it fails. The tactic [t] is run until its first
    success, then a failure with exception [e] is simulated. It [t]
    yields another success, then [tclEXACTLY_ONCE e t] fails with
    [MoreThanOneSuccess] (it is a user error). Otherwise,
    [tclEXACTLY_ONCE e t] succeeds with the first success of
    [t]. Notice that the choice of [e] is relevant, as the presence of
    further successes may depend on [e] (see {!tclOR}). *)
let tclEXACTLY_ONCE e t =
  let open Logic_monad in
  let open Proof in
  split t >>= function
    | Nil (e, info) -> tclZERO ~info e
    | Cons (x,k) ->
        Proof.split (k (e, Exninfo.null)) >>= function
          | Nil _ -> tclUNIT x
          | _ -> tclZERO MoreThanOneSuccess


(** [tclCASE t] wraps the {!Proofview_monad.Logical.split} primitive. *)
type 'a case =
| Fail of iexn
| Next of 'a * (iexn -> 'a tactic)
let tclCASE t =
  let open Logic_monad in
  let map = function
  | Nil e -> Fail e
  | Cons (x, t) -> Next (x, t)
  in
  Proof.map map (Proof.split t)

let tclBREAK = Proof.break



(** {7 Focusing tactics} *)

exception NoSuchGoals of int

(* This hook returns a string to be appended to the usual message.
   Primarily used to add a suggestion about the right bullet to use to
   focus the next goal, if applicable. *)
let nosuchgoals_hook:(int -> std_ppcmds) ref = ref (fun n -> mt ())
let set_nosuchgoals_hook f = nosuchgoals_hook := f



(* This uses the hook above *)
let _ = Errors.register_handler begin function
  | NoSuchGoals n ->
    let suffix = !nosuchgoals_hook n in
    Errors.errorlabstrm ""
      (str "No such " ++ str (String.plural n "goal") ++ str "." ++ suffix)
  | _ -> raise Errors.Unhandled
end

(** [tclFOCUS_gen nosuchgoal i j t] applies [t] in a context where
    only the goals numbered [i] to [j] are focused (the rest of the goals
    is restored at the end of the tactic). If the range [i]-[j] is not
    valid, then it [tclFOCUS_gen nosuchgoal i j t] is [nosuchgoal]. *)
let tclFOCUS_gen nosuchgoal i j t =
  let open Proof in
  Pv.get >>= fun initial ->
  try
    let (focused,context) = focus i j initial in
    Pv.set focused >>
    t >>= fun result ->
    Pv.modify (fun next -> unfocus context next) >>
    return result
  with CList.IndexOutOfRange -> nosuchgoal

let tclFOCUS i j t = tclFOCUS_gen (tclZERO (NoSuchGoals (j+1-i))) i j t
let tclTRYFOCUS i j t = tclFOCUS_gen (tclUNIT ()) i j t

(** Like {!tclFOCUS} but selects a single goal by name. *)
let tclFOCUSID id t =
  let open Proof in
  Pv.get >>= fun initial ->
  try
    let ev = Evd.evar_key id initial.solution in
    try
      let n = CList.index Evar.equal ev initial.comb in
      (* goal is already under focus *)
      let (focused,context) = focus n n initial in
      Pv.set focused >>
        t >>= fun result ->
      Pv.modify (fun next -> unfocus context next) >>
        return result
    with Not_found ->
      (* otherwise, save current focus and work purely on the shelve *)
      Comb.set [ev] >>
        t >>= fun result ->
      Comb.set initial.comb  >>
        return result
  with Not_found -> tclZERO (NoSuchGoals 1)

(** {7 Dispatching on goals} *)

exception SizeMismatch of int*int
let _ = Errors.register_handler begin function
  | SizeMismatch (i,_) ->
      let open Pp in
      let errmsg =
        str"Incorrect number of goals" ++ spc() ++
        str"(expected "++int i++str(String.plural i " tactic") ++ str")."
      in
      Errors.errorlabstrm "" errmsg
  | _ -> raise Errors.Unhandled
end

(** A variant of [Monad.List.iter] where we iter over the focused list
    of goals. The argument tactic is executed in a focus comprising
    only of the current goal, a goal which has been solved by side
    effect is skipped. The generated subgoals are concatenated in
    order.  *)
let iter_goal i =
  let open Proof in
  Comb.get >>= fun initial ->
  Proof.List.fold_left begin fun (subgoals as cur) goal ->
    Solution.get >>= fun step ->
    match advance step goal with
    | None -> return cur
    | Some goal ->
        Comb.set [goal] >>
        i goal >>
        Proof.map (fun comb -> comb :: subgoals) Comb.get
  end [] initial >>= fun subgoals ->
  Solution.get >>= fun evd ->
  Comb.set CList.(undefined evd (flatten (rev subgoals)))

(** A variant of [Monad.List.fold_left2] where the first list is the
    list of focused goals. The argument tactic is executed in a focus
    comprising only of the current goal, a goal which has been solved
    by side effect is skipped. The generated subgoals are concatenated
    in order. *)
let fold_left2_goal i s l =
  let open Proof in
  Pv.get >>= fun initial ->
  let err =
    return () >>= fun () -> (* Delay the computation of list lengths. *)
    tclZERO (SizeMismatch (CList.length initial.comb,CList.length l))
  in 
  Proof.List.fold_left2 err begin fun ((r,subgoals) as cur) goal a ->
    Solution.get >>= fun step ->
    match advance step goal with
    | None -> return cur
    | Some goal ->
        Comb.set [goal] >>
        i goal a r >>= fun r ->
        Proof.map (fun comb -> (r, comb :: subgoals)) Comb.get
  end (s,[]) initial.comb l >>= fun (r,subgoals) ->
  Solution.get >>= fun evd ->
  Comb.set CList.(undefined evd (flatten (rev subgoals))) >>
  return r

(** Dispatch tacticals are used to apply a different tactic to each
    goal under focus. They come in two flavours: [tclDISPATCH] takes a
    list of [unit tactic]-s and build a [unit tactic]. [tclDISPATCHL]
    takes a list of ['a tactic] and returns an ['a list tactic].

    They both work by applying each of the tactic in a focus
    restricted to the corresponding goal (starting with the first
    goal). In the case of [tclDISPATCHL], the tactic returns a list of
    the same size as the argument list (of tactics), each element
    being the result of the tactic executed in the corresponding goal.

    When the length of the tactic list is not the number of goal,
    raises [SizeMismatch (g,t)] where [g] is the number of available
    goals, and [t] the number of tactics passed.

    [tclDISPATCHGEN join tacs] generalises both functions as the
    successive results of [tacs] are stored in reverse order in a
    list, and [join] is used to convert the result into the expected
    form. *)
let tclDISPATCHGEN0 join tacs =
  match tacs with
  | [] ->
      begin 
        let open Proof in
        Comb.get >>= function
        | [] -> tclUNIT (join [])
        | comb -> tclZERO (SizeMismatch (CList.length comb,0))
      end
  | [tac] ->
      begin
        let open Proof in
        Pv.get >>= function
        | { comb=[goal] ; solution } ->
            begin match advance solution goal with
            | None -> tclUNIT (join [])
            | Some _ -> Proof.map (fun res -> join [res]) tac
            end
        | {comb} -> tclZERO (SizeMismatch(CList.length comb,1))
      end
  | _ ->
      let iter _ t cur = Proof.map (fun y -> y :: cur) t in
      let ans = fold_left2_goal iter [] tacs in
      Proof.map join ans

let tclDISPATCHGEN join tacs =
  let branch t = InfoL.tag (Info.DBranch) t in
  let tacs = CList.map branch tacs in
  InfoL.tag (Info.Dispatch) (tclDISPATCHGEN0 join tacs)

let tclDISPATCH tacs = tclDISPATCHGEN Pervasives.ignore tacs

let tclDISPATCHL tacs = tclDISPATCHGEN CList.rev tacs


(** [extend_to_list startxs rx endxs l] builds a list
    [startxs@[rx,...,rx]@endxs] of the same length as [l]. Raises
    [SizeMismatch] if [startxs@endxs] is already longer than [l]. *)
let extend_to_list startxs rx endxs l =
  (* spiwack: I use [l] essentially as a natural number *)
  let rec duplicate acc = function
    | [] -> acc
    | _::rest -> duplicate (rx::acc) rest
  in
  let rec tail to_match rest =
    match rest, to_match with
    | [] , _::_ -> raise (SizeMismatch(0,0)) (* placeholder *)
    | _::rest , _::to_match -> tail to_match rest
    | _ , [] -> duplicate endxs rest
  in
  let rec copy pref rest =
    match rest,pref with
    | [] , _::_ -> raise (SizeMismatch(0,0)) (* placeholder *)
    | _::rest, a::pref -> a::(copy pref rest)
    | _ , [] -> tail endxs rest
  in
  copy startxs l

(** [tclEXTEND b r e] is a variant of {!tclDISPATCH}, where the [r]
    tactic is "repeated" enough time such that every goal has a tactic
    assigned to it ([b] is the list of tactics applied to the first
    goals, [e] to the last goals, and [r] is applied to every goal in
    between). *)
let tclEXTEND tacs1 rtac tacs2 =
  let open Proof in
  Comb.get >>= fun comb ->
  try
    let tacs = extend_to_list tacs1 rtac tacs2 comb in
    tclDISPATCH tacs
  with SizeMismatch _ ->
    tclZERO (SizeMismatch(
      CList.length comb,
      (CList.length tacs1)+(CList.length tacs2)))
(* spiwack: failure occurs only when the number of goals is too
   small. Hence we can assume that [rtac] is replicated 0 times for
   any error message. *)

(** [tclEXTEND [] tac []]. *)
let tclINDEPENDENT tac =
  let open Proof in
  Pv.get >>= fun initial ->
  match initial.comb with
  | [] -> tclUNIT ()
  | [_] -> tac
  | _ ->
      let tac = InfoL.tag (Info.DBranch) tac in
      InfoL.tag (Info.Dispatch) (iter_goal (fun _ -> tac))



(** {7 Goal manipulation} *)

(** Shelves all the goals under focus. *)
let shelve =
  let open Proof in
  Comb.get >>= fun initial ->
  Comb.set [] >>
  InfoL.leaf (Info.Tactic (fun () -> Pp.str"shelve")) >>
  Shelf.modify (fun gls -> gls @ initial)


(** [contained_in_info e evi] checks whether the evar [e] appears in
    the hypotheses, the conclusion or the body of the evar_info
    [evi]. Note: since we want to use it on goals, the body is actually
    supposed to be empty. *)
let contained_in_info sigma e evi =
  Evar.Set.mem e (Evd.evars_of_filtered_evar_info (Evarutil.nf_evar_info sigma evi))

(** [depends_on sigma src tgt] checks whether the goal [src] appears
    as an existential variable in the definition of the goal [tgt] in
    [sigma]. *)
let depends_on sigma src tgt =
  let evi = Evd.find sigma tgt in
  contained_in_info sigma src evi

(** [unifiable sigma g l] checks whether [g] appears in another
    subgoal of [l]. The list [l] may contain [g], but it does not
    affect the result. *)
let unifiable sigma g l =
  CList.exists (fun tgt -> not (Evar.equal g tgt) && depends_on sigma g tgt) l

(** [partition_unifiable sigma l] partitions [l] into a pair [(u,n)]
    where [u] is composed of the unifiable goals, i.e. the goals on
    whose definition other goals of [l] depend, and [n] are the
    non-unifiable goals. *)
let partition_unifiable sigma l =
  CList.partition (fun g -> unifiable sigma g l) l

(** Shelves the unifiable goals under focus, i.e. the goals which
    appear in other goals under focus (the unfocused goals are not
    considered). *)
let shelve_unifiable =
  let open Proof in
  Pv.get >>= fun initial ->
  let (u,n) = partition_unifiable initial.solution initial.comb in
  Comb.set n >>
  InfoL.leaf (Info.Tactic (fun () -> Pp.str"shelve_unifiable")) >>
  Shelf.modify (fun gls -> gls @ u)

(** [guard_no_unifiable] fails with error [UnresolvedBindings] if some
    goals are unifiable (see {!shelve_unifiable}) in the current focus. *)
let guard_no_unifiable =
  let open Proof in
  Pv.get >>= fun initial ->
  let (u,n) = partition_unifiable initial.solution initial.comb in
  match u with
  | [] -> tclUNIT ()
  | gls ->
      let l = CList.map (fun g -> Evd.dependent_evar_ident g initial.solution) gls in
      let l = CList.map (fun id -> Names.Name id) l in
      tclZERO (Logic.RefinerError (Logic.UnresolvedBindings l))

(** [unshelve l p] adds all the goals in [l] at the end of the focused
    goals of p *)
let unshelve l p =
  (* advance the goals in case of clear *)
  let l = undefined p.solution l in
  { p with comb = p.comb@l }

let with_shelf tac =
  let open Proof in
  Pv.get >>= fun pv ->
  let { shelf; solution } = pv in
  Pv.set { pv with shelf = []; solution = Evd.reset_future_goals solution } >>
  tac >>= fun ans ->
  Pv.get >>= fun npv ->
  let { shelf = gls; solution = sigma } = npv in
  let gls' = Evd.future_goals sigma in
  let fgoals = Evd.future_goals solution in
  let pgoal = Evd.principal_future_goal solution in
  let sigma = Evd.restore_future_goals sigma fgoals pgoal in
  Pv.set { npv with shelf; solution = sigma } >>
  tclUNIT (CList.rev_append gls' gls, ans)

(** [goodmod p m] computes the representative of [p] modulo [m] in the
    interval [[0,m-1]].*)
let goodmod p m =
  let p' = p mod m in
  (* if [n] is negative [n mod l] is negative of absolute value less
     than [l], so [(n mod l)+l] is the representative of [n] in the
     interval [[0,l-1]].*)
  if p' < 0 then p'+m else p'

let cycle n =
  let open Proof in
  InfoL.leaf (Info.Tactic (fun () -> Pp.(str"cycle "++int n))) >>
  Comb.modify begin fun initial ->
    let l = CList.length initial in
    let n' = goodmod n l in
    let (front,rear) = CList.chop n' initial in
    rear@front
  end

let swap i j =
  let open Proof in
  InfoL.leaf (Info.Tactic (fun () -> Pp.(hov 2 (str"swap"++spc()++int i++spc()++int j)))) >>
  Comb.modify begin fun initial ->
    let l = CList.length initial in
    let i = if i>0 then i-1 else i and j = if j>0 then j-1 else j in
    let i = goodmod i l and j = goodmod j l in
    CList.map_i begin fun k x ->
      match k with
      | k when Int.equal k i -> CList.nth initial j
      | k when Int.equal k j -> CList.nth initial i
      | _ -> x
    end 0 initial
  end

let revgoals =
  let open Proof in
  InfoL.leaf (Info.Tactic (fun () -> Pp.str"revgoals")) >>
  Comb.modify CList.rev

let numgoals =
  let open Proof in
  Comb.get >>= fun comb ->
  return (CList.length comb)



(** {7 Access primitives} *)

let tclEVARMAP = Solution.get

let tclENV = Env.get



(** {7 Put-like primitives} *)


let emit_side_effects eff x =
  { x with solution = Evd.emit_side_effects eff x.solution }

let tclEFFECTS eff =
  let open Proof in
  return () >>= fun () -> (* The Global.env should be taken at exec time *)
  Env.set (Global.env ()) >>
  Pv.modify (fun initial -> emit_side_effects eff initial)

let mark_as_unsafe = Status.put false

(** Gives up on the goal under focus. Reports an unsafe status. Proofs
    with given up goals cannot be closed. *)
let give_up =
  let open Proof in
  Comb.get >>= fun initial ->
  Comb.set [] >>
  mark_as_unsafe >>
  InfoL.leaf (Info.Tactic (fun () -> Pp.str"give_up")) >>
  Giveup.put initial



(** {7 Control primitives} *)


module Progress = struct

  let eq_constr = Evarutil.eq_constr_univs_test

  (** equality function on hypothesis contexts *)
  let eq_named_context_val sigma1 sigma2 ctx1 ctx2 =
    let open Environ in
    let c1 = named_context_of_val ctx1 and c2 = named_context_of_val ctx2 in
    let eq_named_declaration d1 d2 =
      match d1, d2 with
      | LocalAssum (i1,t1), LocalAssum (i2,t2) ->
         Names.Id.equal i1 i2 && eq_constr sigma1 sigma2 t1 t2
      | LocalDef (i1,c1,t1), LocalDef (i2,c2,t2) ->
         Names.Id.equal i1 i2 && eq_constr sigma1 sigma2 c1 c2
         && eq_constr sigma1 sigma2 t1 t2
      | _ ->
         false
    in List.equal eq_named_declaration c1 c2

  let eq_evar_body sigma1 sigma2 b1 b2 =
    let open Evd in
    match b1, b2 with
    | Evar_empty, Evar_empty -> true
    | Evar_defined t1, Evar_defined t2 -> eq_constr sigma1 sigma2 t1 t2
    | _ -> false

  let eq_evar_info sigma1 sigma2 ei1 ei2 =
    let open Evd in
    eq_constr sigma1 sigma2 ei1.evar_concl ei2.evar_concl &&
    eq_named_context_val sigma1 sigma2 (ei1.evar_hyps) (ei2.evar_hyps) &&
    eq_evar_body sigma1 sigma2 ei1.evar_body ei2.evar_body

  (** Equality function on goals *)
  let goal_equal evars1 gl1 evars2 gl2 =
    let evi1 = Evd.find evars1 gl1 in
    let evi2 = Evd.find evars2 gl2 in
    eq_evar_info evars1 evars2 evi1 evi2

end

let tclPROGRESS t =
  let open Proof in
  Pv.get >>= fun initial ->
  t >>= fun res ->
  Pv.get >>= fun final ->
  (* [*_test] test absence of progress. [quick_test] is approximate
     whereas [exhaustive_test] is complete. *)
  let quick_test =
    initial.solution == final.solution && initial.comb == final.comb
  in
  let exhaustive_test =
    Util.List.for_all2eq begin fun i f ->
      Progress.goal_equal initial.solution i final.solution f
    end initial.comb final.comb
  in
  let test =
    quick_test || exhaustive_test
  in
  if not test then
    tclUNIT res
  else
    tclZERO (Errors.UserError ("Proofview.tclPROGRESS" , Pp.str"Failed to progress."))

exception Timeout
let _ = Errors.register_handler begin function
  | Timeout -> Errors.errorlabstrm "Proofview.tclTIMEOUT" (Pp.str"Tactic timeout!")
  | _ -> Pervasives.raise Errors.Unhandled
end

let tclTIMEOUT n t =
  let open Proof in
  (* spiwack: as one of the monad is a continuation passing monad, it
     doesn't force the computation to be threaded inside the underlying
     (IO) monad. Hence I force it myself by asking for the evaluation of
     a dummy value first, lest [timeout] be called when everything has
     already been computed. *)
  let t = Proof.lift (Logic_monad.NonLogical.return ()) >> t in
  Proof.get >>= fun initial ->
  Proof.current >>= fun envvar ->
  Proof.lift begin
    Logic_monad.NonLogical.catch
      begin
        let open Logic_monad.NonLogical in
        timeout n (Proof.repr (Proof.run t envvar initial)) >>= fun r ->
        match r with
        | Logic_monad.Nil e -> return (Util.Inr e)
        | Logic_monad.Cons (r, _) -> return (Util.Inl r)
      end
      begin let open Logic_monad.NonLogical in function (e, info) ->
        match e with
        | Logic_monad.Timeout -> return (Util.Inr (Timeout, info))
        | Logic_monad.TacticFailure e ->
          return (Util.Inr (e, info))
        | e -> Logic_monad.NonLogical.raise ~info e
      end
  end >>= function
    | Util.Inl (res,s,m,i) ->
        Proof.set s >>
        Proof.put m >>
        Proof.update (fun _ -> i) >>
        return res
    | Util.Inr (e, info) -> tclZERO ~info e

let tclTIME s t =
  let pr_time t1 t2 n msg =
    let msg =
      if n = 0 then
        str msg
      else
        str (msg ^ " after ") ++ int n ++ str (String.plural n " backtracking")
    in
    msg_info(str "Tactic call" ++ pr_opt str s ++ str " ran for " ++
             System.fmt_time_difference t1 t2 ++ str " " ++ surround msg) in
  let rec aux n t =
    let open Proof in
    tclUNIT () >>= fun () ->
    let tstart = System.get_time() in
    Proof.split t >>= let open Logic_monad in function
    | Nil (e, info) ->
      begin
        let tend = System.get_time() in
        pr_time tstart tend n "failure";
        tclZERO ~info e
      end
    | Cons (x,k) ->
        let tend = System.get_time() in
        pr_time tstart tend n "success";
        tclOR (tclUNIT x) (fun e -> aux (n+1) (k e))
  in aux 0 t



(** {7 Unsafe primitives} *)

module Unsafe = struct

  let tclEVARS evd =
    Pv.modify (fun ps -> { ps with solution = evd })

  let tclNEWGOALS gls =
    Pv.modify begin fun step ->
      let gls = undefined step.solution gls in
      { step with comb = step.comb @ gls }
    end

  let tclGETGOALS = Comb.get

  let tclSETGOALS = Comb.set

  let tclEVARSADVANCE evd =
    Pv.modify (fun ps -> { ps with solution = evd; comb = undefined evd ps.comb })

  let tclEVARUNIVCONTEXT ctx = 
    Pv.modify (fun ps -> { ps with solution = Evd.set_universe_context ps.solution ctx })

  let reset_future_goals p =
    { p with solution = Evd.reset_future_goals p.solution }

  let mark_as_goal_evm evd content =
    let info = Evd.find evd content in
    let info =
      { info with Evd.evar_source = match info.Evd.evar_source with
      | _, (Evar_kinds.VarInstance _ | Evar_kinds.GoalEvar) as x -> x
      | loc,_ -> loc,Evar_kinds.GoalEvar }
    in
    let info = Typeclasses.mark_unresolvable info in
    Evd.add evd content info

  let mark_as_goal p gl =
    { p with solution = mark_as_goal_evm p.solution gl }

end

module UnsafeRepr = Proof.Unsafe

let (>>=) = tclBIND
let (<*>) = tclTHEN
let (<+>) t1 t2 = tclOR t1 (fun _ -> t2)

(** {6 Goal-dependent tactics} *)

(* To avoid shadowing by the local [Goal] module *)
module GoalV82 = Goal.V82

let catchable_exception = function
  | Logic_monad.Exception _ -> false
  | e -> Errors.noncritical e


module Goal = struct

  type ('a, 'r) t = {
    env : Environ.env;
    sigma : Evd.evar_map;
    concl : Term.constr ;
    self : Evar.t ; (* for compatibility with old-style definitions *)
  }

  type ('a, 'b) enter =
    { enter : 'r. ('a, 'r) t -> 'b }

  let assume (gl : ('a, 'r) t) = (gl :> ([ `NF ], 'r) t)

  let env { env=env } = env
  let sigma { sigma=sigma } = Sigma.Unsafe.of_evar_map sigma
  let hyps { env=env } = Environ.named_context env
  let concl { concl=concl } = concl
  let extra { sigma=sigma; self=self } = Goal.V82.extra sigma self

  let raw_concl { concl=concl } = concl


  let gmake_with info env sigma goal = 
    { env = Environ.reset_with_named_context (Evd.evar_filtered_hyps info) env ;
      sigma = sigma ;
      concl = Evd.evar_concl info ;
      self = goal }

  let nf_gmake env sigma goal =
    let info = Evarutil.nf_evar_info sigma (Evd.find sigma goal) in
    let sigma = Evd.add sigma goal info in
    gmake_with info env sigma goal , sigma

  let nf_enter f =
    InfoL.tag (Info.Dispatch) begin
    iter_goal begin fun goal ->
      Env.get >>= fun env ->
      tclEVARMAP >>= fun sigma ->
      try
        let (gl, sigma) = nf_gmake env sigma goal in
        tclTHEN (Unsafe.tclEVARS sigma) (InfoL.tag (Info.DBranch) (f.enter gl))
      with e when catchable_exception e ->
        let (e, info) = Errors.push e in
        tclZERO ~info e
    end
    end

  let normalize { self } =
    Env.get >>= fun env ->
    tclEVARMAP >>= fun sigma ->
    let (gl,sigma) = nf_gmake env sigma self in
    tclTHEN (Unsafe.tclEVARS sigma) (tclUNIT gl)

  let gmake env sigma goal =
    let info = Evd.find sigma goal in
    gmake_with info env sigma goal

  let enter f =
    let f gl = InfoL.tag (Info.DBranch) (f.enter gl) in
    InfoL.tag (Info.Dispatch) begin
    iter_goal begin fun goal ->
      Env.get >>= fun env ->
      tclEVARMAP >>= fun sigma ->
      try f (gmake env sigma goal)
      with e when catchable_exception e ->
        let (e, info) = Errors.push e in
        tclZERO ~info e
    end
    end

  type ('a, 'b) s_enter =
    { s_enter : 'r. ('a, 'r) t -> ('b, 'r) Sigma.sigma }

  let s_enter f =
    InfoL.tag (Info.Dispatch) begin
    iter_goal begin fun goal ->
      Env.get >>= fun env ->
      tclEVARMAP >>= fun sigma ->
      try
        let gl = gmake env sigma goal in
        let Sigma (tac, sigma, _) = f.s_enter gl in
        let sigma = Sigma.to_evar_map sigma in
        tclTHEN (Unsafe.tclEVARS sigma) (InfoL.tag (Info.DBranch) tac)
      with e when catchable_exception e ->
        let (e, info) = Errors.push e in
        tclZERO ~info e
    end
    end

  let nf_s_enter f =
    InfoL.tag (Info.Dispatch) begin
    iter_goal begin fun goal ->
      Env.get >>= fun env ->
      tclEVARMAP >>= fun sigma ->
      try
        let (gl, sigma) = nf_gmake env sigma goal in
        let Sigma (tac, sigma, _) = f.s_enter gl in
        let sigma = Sigma.to_evar_map sigma in
        tclTHEN (Unsafe.tclEVARS sigma) (InfoL.tag (Info.DBranch) tac)
      with e when catchable_exception e ->
        let (e, info) = Errors.push e in
        tclZERO ~info e
    end
    end

  let goals =
    Env.get >>= fun env ->
    Pv.get >>= fun step ->
    let sigma = step.solution in
    let map goal =
      match advance sigma goal with
      | None -> None (** ppedrot: Is this check really necessary? *)
      | Some goal ->
        let gl =
          tclEVARMAP >>= fun sigma ->
          tclUNIT (gmake env sigma goal)
        in
        Some gl
    in
    tclUNIT (CList.map_filter map step.comb)

  (* compatibility *)
  let goal { self=self } = self

  let lift (gl : ('a, 'r) t) _ = (gl :> ('a, 's) t)

end



(** {6 The refine tactic} *)

module Refine =
struct

  let extract_prefix env info =
    let ctx1 = List.rev (Environ.named_context env) in
    let ctx2 = List.rev (Evd.evar_context info) in
    let rec share l1 l2 accu = match l1, l2 with
    | d1 :: l1, d2 :: l2 ->
      if d1 == d2 then share l1 l2 (d1 :: accu)
      else (accu, d2 :: l2)
    | _ -> (accu, l2)
    in
    share ctx1 ctx2 []

  let typecheck_evar ev env sigma =
    let info = Evd.find sigma ev in
    (** Typecheck the hypotheses. *)
    let type_hyp (sigma, env) decl =
      let t = get_type decl in
      let evdref = ref sigma in
      let _ = Typing.e_sort_of env evdref t in
      let () = match decl with
      | LocalAssum _ -> ()
      | LocalDef (_,body,_) -> Typing.e_check env evdref body t
      in
      (!evdref, Environ.push_named decl env)
    in
    let (common, changed) = extract_prefix env info in
    let env = Environ.reset_with_named_context (Environ.val_of_named_context common) env in
    let (sigma, env) = List.fold_left type_hyp (sigma, env) changed in
    (** Typecheck the conclusion *)
    let evdref = ref sigma in
    let _ = Typing.e_sort_of env evdref (Evd.evar_concl info) in
    !evdref

  let typecheck_proof c concl env sigma =
    let evdref = ref sigma in
    let () = Typing.e_check env evdref c concl in
    !evdref

  let (pr_constrv,pr_constr) =
    Hook.make ~default:(fun _env _sigma _c -> Pp.str"<constr>") ()

  let refine ?(unsafe = true) f = Goal.enter { Goal.enter = begin fun gl ->
    let sigma = Goal.sigma gl in
    let sigma = Sigma.to_evar_map sigma in
    let env = Goal.env gl in
    let concl = Goal.concl gl in
    (** Save the [future_goals] state to restore them after the
        refinement. *)
    let prev_future_goals = Evd.future_goals sigma in
    let prev_principal_goal = Evd.principal_future_goal sigma in
    (** Create the refinement term *)
    let (c, sigma) = Sigma.run (Evd.reset_future_goals sigma) f in
    let evs = Evd.future_goals sigma in
    let evkmain = Evd.principal_future_goal sigma in
    (** Check that the introduced evars are well-typed *)
    let fold accu ev = typecheck_evar ev env accu in
    let sigma = if unsafe then sigma else CList.fold_left fold sigma evs in
    (** Check that the refined term is typesafe *)
    let sigma = if unsafe then sigma else typecheck_proof c concl env sigma in
    (** Check that the goal itself does not appear in the refined term *)
    let _ =
      if not (Evarutil.occur_evar_upto sigma gl.Goal.self c) then ()
      else Pretype_errors.error_occur_check env sigma gl.Goal.self c
    in
    (** Proceed to the refinement *)
    let sigma = match evkmain with
      | None -> Evd.define gl.Goal.self c sigma
      | Some evk ->
          let id = Evd.evar_ident gl.Goal.self sigma in
          let sigma = Evd.define gl.Goal.self c sigma in
          match id with
          | None -> sigma
          | Some id -> Evd.rename evk id sigma
    in
    (** Restore the [future goals] state. *)
    let sigma = Evd.restore_future_goals sigma prev_future_goals prev_principal_goal in
    (** Select the goals *)
    let comb = undefined sigma (CList.rev evs) in
    let sigma = CList.fold_left Unsafe.mark_as_goal_evm sigma comb in
    let open Proof in
    InfoL.leaf (Info.Tactic (fun () -> Pp.(hov 2 (str"refine"++spc()++ Hook.get pr_constrv env sigma c)))) >>
    Pv.modify (fun ps -> { ps with solution = sigma; comb; })
  end }

  (** Useful definitions *)

  let with_type env evd c t =
    let my_type = Retyping.get_type_of env evd c in
    let j = Environ.make_judge c my_type in
    let (evd,j') =
      Coercion.inh_conv_coerce_to true (Loc.ghost) env evd j t
    in
    evd , j'.Environ.uj_val

  let refine_casted ?unsafe f = Goal.enter { Goal.enter = begin fun gl ->
    let concl = Goal.concl gl in
    let env = Goal.env gl in
    let f = { run = fun h ->
      let Sigma (c, h, p) = f.run h in
      let sigma, c = with_type env (Sigma.to_evar_map h) c concl in
      Sigma (c, Sigma.Unsafe.of_evar_map sigma, p)
    } in
    refine ?unsafe f
  end }
end



(** {6 Trace} *)

module Trace = struct

  let record_info_trace = InfoL.record_trace

  let log m = InfoL.leaf (Info.Msg m)
  let name_tactic m t = InfoL.tag (Info.Tactic m) t

  let pr_info ?(lvl=0) info =
    assert (lvl >= 0);
    Info.(print (collapse lvl info))

end



(** {6 Non-logical state} *)

module NonLogical = Logic_monad.NonLogical

let tclLIFT = Proof.lift

let tclCHECKINTERRUPT =
   tclLIFT (NonLogical.make Control.check_for_interrupt)





(*** Compatibility layer with <= 8.2 tactics ***)
module V82 = struct
  type tac = Evar.t Evd.sigma -> Evar.t list Evd.sigma

  let tactic tac =
    (* spiwack: we ignore the dependencies between goals here,
       expectingly preserving the semantics of <= 8.2 tactics *)
    (* spiwack: convenience notations, waiting for ocaml 3.12 *)
    let open Proof in
    Pv.get >>= fun ps ->
    try
      let tac gl evd = 
        let glsigma  =
          tac { Evd.it = gl ; sigma = evd; }  in
        let sigma = glsigma.Evd.sigma in
        let g = glsigma.Evd.it in
        ( g, sigma )
      in
        (* Old style tactics expect the goals normalized with respect to evars. *)
      let (initgoals,initevd) =
        Evd.Monad.List.map (fun g s -> GoalV82.nf_evar s g) ps.comb ps.solution
      in
      let (goalss,evd) = Evd.Monad.List.map tac initgoals initevd in
      let sgs = CList.flatten goalss in
      let sgs = undefined evd sgs in
      InfoL.leaf (Info.Tactic (fun () -> Pp.str"<unknown>")) >>
      Pv.set { ps with solution = evd; comb = sgs; }
    with e when catchable_exception e ->
      let (e, info) = Errors.push e in
      tclZERO ~info e


  (* normalises the evars in the goals, and stores the result in
     solution. *)
  let nf_evar_goals =
    Pv.modify begin fun ps ->
    let map g s = GoalV82.nf_evar s g in
    let (goals,evd) = Evd.Monad.List.map map ps.comb ps.solution in
    { ps with solution = evd; comb = goals; }
    end
      
  let has_unresolved_evar pv =
    Evd.has_undefined pv.solution

  (* Main function in the implementation of Grab Existential Variables.*)
  let grab pv =
    let undef = Evd.undefined_map pv.solution in
    let goals = CList.rev_map fst (Evar.Map.bindings undef) in
    { pv with comb = goals }
      
    

  (* Returns the open goals of the proofview together with the evar_map to 
     interpret them. *)
  let goals { comb = comb ; solution = solution; } =
   { Evd.it = comb ; sigma = solution }

  let top_goals initial { solution=solution; } =
    let goals = CList.map (fun (t,_) -> fst (Term.destEvar t)) initial in
    { Evd.it = goals ; sigma=solution; }

  let top_evars initial =
    let evars_of_initial (c,_) =
      Evar.Set.elements (Evd.evars_of_term c)
    in
    CList.flatten (CList.map evars_of_initial initial)

  let instantiate_evar n com pv =
    let (evk,_) =
      let evl = Evarutil.non_instantiated pv.solution in
      let evl = Evar.Map.bindings evl in
      if (n <= 0) then
	Errors.error "incorrect existential variable index"
      else if CList.length evl < n then
	  Errors.error "not so many uninstantiated existential variables"
      else
	CList.nth evl (n-1)
    in
    { pv with
	solution = Evar_refiner.instantiate_pf_com evk com pv.solution }

  let of_tactic t gls =
    try
      let init = { shelf = []; solution = gls.Evd.sigma ; comb = [gls.Evd.it] } in
      let (_,final,_,_) = apply (GoalV82.env gls.Evd.sigma gls.Evd.it) t init in
      { Evd.sigma = final.solution ; it = final.comb }
    with Logic_monad.TacticFailure e as src ->
      let (_, info) = Errors.push src in
      iraise (e, info)

  let put_status = Status.put

  let catchable_exception = catchable_exception

  let wrap_exceptions f =
    try f ()
    with e when catchable_exception e ->
      let (e, info) = Errors.push e in tclZERO ~info e

end

(** {7 Notations} *)

module Notations = struct
  let (>>=) = tclBIND
  let (<*>) = tclTHEN
  let (<+>) t1 t2 = tclOR t1 (fun _ -> t2)
  type ('a, 'b) enter = ('a, 'b) Goal.enter =
    { enter : 'r. ('a, 'r) Goal.t -> 'b }
  type ('a, 'b) s_enter = ('a, 'b) Goal.s_enter =
    { s_enter : 'r. ('a, 'r) Goal.t -> ('b, 'r) Sigma.sigma }
end