(* -*- coding: utf-8 -*- *) (************************************************************************) (* v * The Coq Proof Assistant / The Coq Development Team *) (* B) _ _] goal, making proof-search much slower. A cleaner solution would be to be able to set different priorities in different hint bases and select a particular hint database for resolution of a type class constraint. *) Class ProperProxy (R : crelation A) (m : A) := proper_proxy : R m m. Lemma eq_proper_proxy (x : A) : ProperProxy (@eq A) x. Proof. firstorder. Qed. Lemma reflexive_proper_proxy `(Reflexive A R) (x : A) : ProperProxy R x. Proof. firstorder. Qed. Lemma proper_proper_proxy x `(Proper R x) : ProperProxy R x. Proof. firstorder. Qed. (** Respectful morphisms. *) (** The fully dependent version, not used yet. *) Definition respectful_hetero (A B : Type) (C : A -> Type) (D : B -> Type) (R : A -> B -> Type) (R' : forall (x : A) (y : B), C x -> D y -> Type) : (forall x : A, C x) -> (forall x : B, D x) -> Type := fun f g => forall x y, R x y -> R' x y (f x) (g y). (** The non-dependent version is an instance where we forget dependencies. *) Definition respectful {B} (R : crelation A) (R' : crelation B) : crelation (A -> B) := Eval compute in @respectful_hetero A A (fun _ => B) (fun _ => B) R (fun _ _ => R'). End Proper. (** We favor the use of Leibniz equality or a declared reflexive crelation when resolving [ProperProxy], otherwise, if the crelation is given (not an evar), we fall back to [Proper]. *) Hint Extern 1 (ProperProxy _ _) => class_apply @eq_proper_proxy || class_apply @reflexive_proper_proxy : typeclass_instances. Hint Extern 2 (ProperProxy ?R _) => not_evar R; class_apply @proper_proper_proxy : typeclass_instances. (** Notations reminiscent of the old syntax for declaring morphisms. *) Delimit Scope signature_scope with signature. Module ProperNotations. Notation " R ++> R' " := (@respectful _ _ (R%signature) (R'%signature)) (right associativity, at level 55) : signature_scope. Notation " R ==> R' " := (@respectful _ _ (R%signature) (R'%signature)) (right associativity, at level 55) : signature_scope. Notation " R --> R' " := (@respectful _ _ (flip (R%signature)) (R'%signature)) (right associativity, at level 55) : signature_scope. End ProperNotations. Arguments Proper {A}%type R%signature m. Arguments respectful {A B}%type (R R')%signature _ _. Export ProperNotations. Local Open Scope signature_scope. (** [solve_proper] try to solve the goal [Proper (?==> ... ==>?) f] by repeated introductions and setoid rewrites. It should work fine when [f] is a combination of already known morphisms and quantifiers. *) Ltac solve_respectful t := match goal with | |- respectful _ _ _ _ => let H := fresh "H" in intros ? ? H; solve_respectful ltac:(setoid_rewrite H; t) | _ => t; reflexivity end. Ltac solve_proper := unfold Proper; solve_respectful ltac:(idtac). (** [f_equiv] is a clone of [f_equal] that handles setoid equivalences. For example, if we know that [f] is a morphism for [E1==>E2==>E], then the goal [E (f x y) (f x' y')] will be transformed by [f_equiv] into the subgoals [E1 x x'] and [E2 y y']. *) Ltac f_equiv := match goal with | |- ?R (?f ?x) (?f' _) => let T := type of x in let Rx := fresh "R" in evar (Rx : crelation T); let H := fresh in assert (H : (Rx==>R)%signature f f'); unfold Rx in *; clear Rx; [ f_equiv | apply H; clear H; try reflexivity ] | |- ?R ?f ?f' => solve [change (Proper R f); eauto with typeclass_instances | reflexivity ] | _ => idtac end. Section Relations. Context {A : Type}. (** [forall_def] reifies the dependent product as a definition. *) Definition forall_def (P : A -> Type) : Type := forall x : A, P x. (** Dependent pointwise lifting of a crelation on the range. *) Definition forall_relation (P : A -> Type) (sig : forall a, crelation (P a)) : crelation (forall x, P x) := fun f g => forall a, sig a (f a) (g a). (** Non-dependent pointwise lifting *) Definition pointwise_relation {B} (R : crelation B) : crelation (A -> B) := fun f g => forall a, R (f a) (g a). Lemma pointwise_pointwise {B} (R : crelation B) : relation_equivalence (pointwise_relation R) (@eq A ==> R). Proof. intros. split. simpl_crelation. firstorder. Qed. (** Subcrelations induce a morphism on the identity. *) Global Instance subrelation_id_proper `(subrelation A RA RA') : Proper (RA ==> RA') id. Proof. firstorder. Qed. (** The subrelation property goes through products as usual. *) Lemma subrelation_respectful `(subl : subrelation A RA' RA, subr : subrelation B RB RB') : subrelation (RA ==> RB) (RA' ==> RB'). Proof. simpl_crelation. Qed. (** And of course it is reflexive. *) Lemma subrelation_refl R : @subrelation A R R. Proof. simpl_crelation. Qed. (** [Proper] is itself a covariant morphism for [subrelation]. We use an unconvertible premise to avoid looping. *) Lemma subrelation_proper `(mor : Proper A R' m) `(unc : Unconvertible (crelation A) R R') `(sub : subrelation A R' R) : Proper R m. Proof. intros. apply sub. apply mor. Qed. Global Instance proper_subrelation_proper_arrow : Proper (subrelation ++> eq ==> arrow) (@Proper A). Proof. reduce. subst. firstorder. Qed. Global Instance pointwise_subrelation `(sub : subrelation B R R') : subrelation (pointwise_relation R) (pointwise_relation R') | 4. Proof. reduce. unfold pointwise_relation in *. apply sub. auto. Qed. (** For dependent function types. *) Lemma forall_subrelation (P : A -> Type) (R S : forall x : A, crelation (P x)) : (forall a, subrelation (R a) (S a)) -> subrelation (forall_relation P R) (forall_relation P S). Proof. reduce. firstorder. Qed. End Relations. Typeclasses Opaque respectful pointwise_relation forall_relation. Arguments forall_relation {A P}%type sig%signature _ _. Arguments pointwise_relation A%type {B}%type R%signature _ _. Hint Unfold Reflexive : core. Hint Unfold Symmetric : core. Hint Unfold Transitive : core. (** Resolution with subrelation: favor decomposing products over applying reflexivity for unconstrained goals. *) Ltac subrelation_tac T U := (is_ground T ; is_ground U ; class_apply @subrelation_refl) || class_apply @subrelation_respectful || class_apply @subrelation_refl. Hint Extern 3 (@subrelation _ ?T ?U) => subrelation_tac T U : typeclass_instances. CoInductive apply_subrelation : Prop := do_subrelation. Ltac proper_subrelation := match goal with [ H : apply_subrelation |- _ ] => clear H ; class_apply @subrelation_proper end. Hint Extern 5 (@Proper _ ?H _) => proper_subrelation : typeclass_instances. (** Essential subrelation instances for [iff], [impl] and [pointwise_relation]. *) Instance iff_impl_subrelation : subrelation iff impl | 2. Proof. firstorder. Qed. Instance iff_flip_impl_subrelation : subrelation iff (flip impl) | 2. Proof. firstorder. Qed. (** Essential subrelation instances for [iffT] and [arrow]. *) Instance iffT_arrow_subrelation : subrelation iffT arrow | 2. Proof. firstorder. Qed. Instance iffT_flip_arrow_subrelation : subrelation iffT (flip arrow) | 2. Proof. firstorder. Qed. (** We use an extern hint to help unification. *) Hint Extern 4 (subrelation (@forall_relation ?A ?B ?R) (@forall_relation _ _ ?S)) => apply (@forall_subrelation A B R S) ; intro : typeclass_instances. Section GenericInstances. (* Share universes *) Implicit Types A B C : Type. (** We can build a PER on the Coq function space if we have PERs on the domain and codomain. *) Program Instance respectful_per `(PER A R, PER B R') : PER (R ==> R'). Next Obligation. Proof with auto. assert(R x0 x0). transitivity y0... symmetry... transitivity (y x0)... Qed. Unset Strict Universe Declaration. (** The complement of a crelation conserves its proper elements. *) (** The [flip] too, actually the [flip] instance is a bit more general. *) Program Definition flip_proper `(mor : Proper (A -> B -> C) (RA ==> RB ==> RC) f) : Proper (RB ==> RA ==> RC) (flip f) := _. Next Obligation. Proof. apply mor ; auto. Qed. (** Every Transitive crelation gives rise to a binary morphism on [impl], contravariant in the first argument, covariant in the second. *) Global Program Instance trans_contra_co_type_morphism `(Transitive A R) : Proper (R --> R ++> arrow) R. Next Obligation. Proof with auto. transitivity x... transitivity x0... Qed. (** Proper declarations for partial applications. *) Global Program Instance trans_contra_inv_impl_type_morphism `(Transitive A R) : Proper (R --> flip arrow) (R x) | 3. Next Obligation. Proof with auto. transitivity y... Qed. Global Program Instance trans_co_impl_type_morphism `(Transitive A R) : Proper (R ++> arrow) (R x) | 3. Next Obligation. Proof with auto. transitivity x0... Qed. Global Program Instance trans_sym_co_inv_impl_type_morphism `(PER A R) : Proper (R ++> flip arrow) (R x) | 3. Next Obligation. Proof with auto. transitivity y... symmetry... Qed. Global Program Instance trans_sym_contra_arrow_morphism `(PER A R) : Proper (R --> arrow) (R x) | 3. Next Obligation. Proof with auto. transitivity x0... symmetry... Qed. Global Program Instance per_partial_app_type_morphism `(PER A R) : Proper (R ==> iffT) (R x) | 2. Next Obligation. Proof with auto. split. intros ; transitivity x0... intros. transitivity y... symmetry... Qed. (** Every Transitive crelation induces a morphism by "pushing" an [R x y] on the left of an [R x z] proof to get an [R y z] goal. *) Global Program Instance trans_co_eq_inv_arrow_morphism `(Transitive A R) : Proper (R ==> (@eq A) ==> flip arrow) R | 2. Next Obligation. Proof with auto. transitivity y... Qed. (** Every Symmetric and Transitive crelation gives rise to an equivariant morphism. *) Global Program Instance PER_type_morphism `(PER A R) : Proper (R ==> R ==> iffT) R | 1. Next Obligation. Proof with auto. split ; intros. transitivity x0... transitivity x... symmetry... transitivity y... transitivity y0... symmetry... Qed. Lemma symmetric_equiv_flip `(Symmetric A R) : relation_equivalence R (flip R). Proof. firstorder. Qed. Global Program Instance compose_proper A B C RA RB RC : Proper ((RB ==> RC) ==> (RA ==> RB) ==> (RA ==> RC)) (@compose A B C). Next Obligation. Proof. simpl_crelation. unfold compose. firstorder. Qed. (** Coq functions are morphisms for Leibniz equality, applied only if really needed. *) Global Instance reflexive_eq_dom_reflexive `(Reflexive B R') : Reflexive (@Logic.eq A ==> R'). Proof. simpl_crelation. Qed. (** [respectful] is a morphism for crelation equivalence . *) Global Instance respectful_morphism : Proper (relation_equivalence ++> relation_equivalence ++> relation_equivalence) (@respectful A B). Proof. intros A B R R' HRR' S S' HSS' f g. unfold respectful , relation_equivalence in *; simpl in *. split ; intros H x y Hxy. apply (fst (HSS' _ _)). apply H. now apply (snd (HRR' _ _)). apply (snd (HSS' _ _)). apply H. now apply (fst (HRR' _ _)). Qed. (** [R] is Reflexive, hence we can build the needed proof. *) Lemma Reflexive_partial_app_morphism `(Proper (A -> B) (R ==> R') m, ProperProxy A R x) : Proper R' (m x). Proof. simpl_crelation. Qed. Class Params {A} (of : A) (arity : nat). Lemma flip_respectful {A B} (R : crelation A) (R' : crelation B) : relation_equivalence (flip (R ==> R')) (flip R ==> flip R'). Proof. intros. unfold flip, respectful. split ; intros ; intuition. Qed. (** Treating flip: can't make them direct instances as we need at least a [flip] present in the goal. *) Lemma flip1 `(subrelation A R' R) : subrelation (flip (flip R')) R. Proof. firstorder. Qed. Lemma flip2 `(subrelation A R R') : subrelation R (flip (flip R')). Proof. firstorder. Qed. (** That's if and only if *) Lemma eq_subrelation `(Reflexive A R) : subrelation (@eq A) R. Proof. simpl_crelation. Qed. (** Once we have normalized, we will apply this instance to simplify the problem. *) Definition proper_flip_proper `(mor : Proper A R m) : Proper (flip R) m := mor. (** Every reflexive crelation gives rise to a morphism, only for immediately solving goals without variables. *) Lemma reflexive_proper `{Reflexive A R} (x : A) : Proper R x. Proof. firstorder. Qed. Lemma proper_eq {A} (x : A) : Proper (@eq A) x. Proof. intros. apply reflexive_proper. Qed. End GenericInstances. Class PartialApplication. CoInductive normalization_done : Prop := did_normalization. Ltac partial_application_tactic := let rec do_partial_apps H m cont := match m with | ?m' ?x => class_apply @Reflexive_partial_app_morphism ; [(do_partial_apps H m' ltac:(idtac))|clear H] | _ => cont end in let rec do_partial H ar m := match ar with | 0%nat => do_partial_apps H m ltac:(fail 1) | S ?n' => match m with ?m' ?x => do_partial H n' m' end end in let params m sk fk := (let m' := fresh in head_of_constr m' m ; let n := fresh in evar (n:nat) ; let v := eval compute in n in clear n ; let H := fresh in assert(H:Params m' v) by typeclasses eauto ; let v' := eval compute in v in subst m'; (sk H v' || fail 1)) || fk in let on_morphism m cont := params m ltac:(fun H n => do_partial H n m) ltac:(cont) in match goal with | [ _ : normalization_done |- _ ] => fail 1 | [ _ : @Params _ _ _ |- _ ] => fail 1 | [ |- @Proper ?T _ (?m ?x) ] => match goal with | [ H : PartialApplication |- _ ] => class_apply @Reflexive_partial_app_morphism; [|clear H] | _ => on_morphism (m x) ltac:(class_apply @Reflexive_partial_app_morphism) end end. (** Bootstrap !!! *) Instance proper_proper : Proper (relation_equivalence ==> eq ==> iffT) (@Proper A). Proof. intros A R R' HRR' x y <-. red in HRR'. split ; red ; intros. now apply (fst (HRR' _ _)). now apply (snd (HRR' _ _)). Qed. Ltac proper_reflexive := match goal with | [ _ : normalization_done |- _ ] => fail 1 | _ => class_apply proper_eq || class_apply @reflexive_proper end. Hint Extern 1 (subrelation (flip _) _) => class_apply @flip1 : typeclass_instances. Hint Extern 1 (subrelation _ (flip _)) => class_apply @flip2 : typeclass_instances. (* Hint Extern 1 (Proper _ (complement _)) => apply @complement_proper *) (* : typeclass_instances. *) Hint Extern 1 (Proper _ (flip _)) => apply @flip_proper : typeclass_instances. Hint Extern 2 (@Proper _ (flip _) _) => class_apply @proper_flip_proper : typeclass_instances. Hint Extern 4 (@Proper _ _ _) => partial_application_tactic : typeclass_instances. Hint Extern 7 (@Proper _ _ _) => proper_reflexive : typeclass_instances. (** Special-purpose class to do normalization of signatures w.r.t. flip. *) Section Normalize. Context (A : Type). Class Normalizes (m : crelation A) (m' : crelation A) : Prop := normalizes : relation_equivalence m m'. (** Current strategy: add [flip] everywhere and reduce using [subrelation] afterwards. *) Lemma proper_normalizes_proper `(Normalizes R0 R1, Proper A R1 m) : Proper R0 m. Proof. red in H, H0. red in H. apply (snd (H _ _)). assumption. Qed. Lemma flip_atom R : Normalizes R (flip (flip R)). Proof. firstorder. Qed. End Normalize. Lemma flip_arrow `(NA : Normalizes A R (flip R'''), NB : Normalizes B R' (flip R'')) : Normalizes (A -> B) (R ==> R') (flip (R''' ==> R'')%signature). Proof. unfold Normalizes in *. intros. rewrite NA, NB. firstorder. Qed. Ltac normalizes := match goal with | [ |- Normalizes _ (respectful _ _) _ ] => class_apply @flip_arrow | _ => class_apply @flip_atom end. Ltac proper_normalization := match goal with | [ _ : normalization_done |- _ ] => fail 1 | [ _ : apply_subrelation |- @Proper _ ?R _ ] => let H := fresh "H" in set(H:=did_normalization) ; class_apply @proper_normalizes_proper end. Hint Extern 1 (Normalizes _ _ _) => normalizes : typeclass_instances. Hint Extern 6 (@Proper _ _ _) => proper_normalization : typeclass_instances. (** When the crelation on the domain is symmetric, we can flip the crelation on the codomain. Same for binary functions. *) Lemma proper_sym_flip : forall `(Symmetric A R1)`(Proper (A->B) (R1==>R2) f), Proper (R1==>flip R2) f. Proof. intros A R1 Sym B R2 f Hf. intros x x' Hxx'. apply Hf, Sym, Hxx'. Qed. Lemma proper_sym_flip_2 : forall `(Symmetric A R1)`(Symmetric B R2)`(Proper (A->B->C) (R1==>R2==>R3) f), Proper (R1==>R2==>flip R3) f. Proof. intros A R1 Sym1 B R2 Sym2 C R3 f Hf. intros x x' Hxx' y y' Hyy'. apply Hf; auto. Qed. (** When the crelation on the domain is symmetric, a predicate is compatible with [iff] as soon as it is compatible with [impl]. Same with a binary crelation. *) Lemma proper_sym_impl_iff : forall `(Symmetric A R)`(Proper _ (R==>impl) f), Proper (R==>iff) f. Proof. intros A R Sym f Hf x x' Hxx'. repeat red in Hf. split; eauto. Qed. Lemma proper_sym_arrow_iffT : forall `(Symmetric A R)`(Proper _ (R==>arrow) f), Proper (R==>iffT) f. Proof. intros A R Sym f Hf x x' Hxx'. repeat red in Hf. split; eauto. Qed. Lemma proper_sym_impl_iff_2 : forall `(Symmetric A R)`(Symmetric B R')`(Proper _ (R==>R'==>impl) f), Proper (R==>R'==>iff) f. Proof. intros A R Sym B R' Sym' f Hf x x' Hxx' y y' Hyy'. repeat red in Hf. split; eauto. Qed. Lemma proper_sym_arrow_iffT_2 : forall `(Symmetric A R)`(Symmetric B R')`(Proper _ (R==>R'==>arrow) f), Proper (R==>R'==>iffT) f. Proof. intros A R Sym B R' Sym' f Hf x x' Hxx' y y' Hyy'. repeat red in Hf. split; eauto. Qed. (** A [PartialOrder] is compatible with its underlying equivalence. *) Require Import Relation_Definitions. Instance PartialOrder_proper_type `(PartialOrder A eqA R) : Proper (eqA==>eqA==>iffT) R. Proof. intros. apply proper_sym_arrow_iffT_2; auto with *. intros x x' Hx y y' Hy Hr. transitivity x. generalize (partial_order_equivalence x x'); compute; intuition. transitivity y; auto. generalize (partial_order_equivalence y y'); compute; intuition. Qed. (** From a [PartialOrder] to the corresponding [StrictOrder]: [lt = le /\ ~eq]. If the order is total, we could also say [gt = ~le]. *) Lemma PartialOrder_StrictOrder `(PartialOrder A eqA R) : StrictOrder (relation_conjunction R (complement eqA)). Proof. split; compute. intros x (_,Hx). apply Hx, Equivalence_Reflexive. intros x y z (Hxy,Hxy') (Hyz,Hyz'). split. apply PreOrder_Transitive with y; assumption. intro Hxz. apply Hxy'. apply partial_order_antisym; auto. rewrite Hxz. auto. Qed. (** From a [StrictOrder] to the corresponding [PartialOrder]: [le = lt \/ eq]. If the order is total, we could also say [ge = ~lt]. *) Lemma StrictOrder_PreOrder `(Equivalence A eqA, StrictOrder A R, Proper _ (eqA==>eqA==>iffT) R) : PreOrder (relation_disjunction R eqA). Proof. split. intros x. right. reflexivity. intros x y z [Hxy|Hxy] [Hyz|Hyz]. left. transitivity y; auto. left. rewrite <- Hyz; auto. left. rewrite Hxy; auto. right. transitivity y; auto. Qed. Hint Extern 4 (PreOrder (relation_disjunction _ _)) => class_apply StrictOrder_PreOrder : typeclass_instances. Lemma StrictOrder_PartialOrder `(Equivalence A eqA, StrictOrder A R, Proper _ (eqA==>eqA==>iffT) R) : PartialOrder eqA (relation_disjunction R eqA). Proof. intros. intros x y. compute. intuition. elim (StrictOrder_Irreflexive x). transitivity y; auto. Qed. Hint Extern 4 (StrictOrder (relation_conjunction _ _)) => class_apply PartialOrder_StrictOrder : typeclass_instances. Hint Extern 4 (PartialOrder _ (relation_disjunction _ _)) => class_apply StrictOrder_PartialOrder : typeclass_instances.