.. include:: ../replaces.rst .. _thecoqcommands: The |Coq| commands ==================== There are three |Coq| commands: + ``coqtop``: the |Coq| toplevel (interactive mode); + ``coqc``: the |Coq| compiler (batch compilation); + ``coqchk``: the |Coq| checker (validation of compiled libraries). The options are (basically) the same for the first two commands, and roughly described below. You can also look at the ``man`` pages of ``coqtop`` and ``coqc`` for more details. .. _interactive-use: Interactive use (coqtop) ------------------------ In the interactive mode, also known as the |Coq| toplevel, the user can develop his theories and proofs step by step. The |Coq| toplevel is run by the command ``coqtop``. They are two different binary images of |Coq|: the byte-code one and the native-code one (if OCaml provides a native-code compiler for your platform, which is supposed in the following). By default, ``coqtop`` executes the native-code version; run ``coqtop.byte`` to get the byte-code version. The byte-code toplevel is based on an OCaml toplevel (to allow dynamic linking of tactics). You can switch to the OCaml toplevel with the command ``Drop.``, and come back to the |Coq| toplevel with the command ``Coqloop.loop();;``. Batch compilation (coqc) ------------------------ The ``coqc`` command takes a name *file* as argument. Then it looks for a vernacular file named *file*.v, and tries to compile it into a *file*.vo file (See :ref:`compiled-files`). .. caution:: The name *file* should be a regular |Coq| identifier, as defined in Section :ref:'TODO-1.1'. It should contain only letters, digits or underscores (_). For instance, ``/bar/foo/toto.v`` is valid, but ``/bar/foo/to-to.v`` is invalid. Customization at launch time --------------------------------- By resource file ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When |Coq| is launched, with either ``coqtop`` or ``coqc``, the resource file ``$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/coq/coqrc.xxx``, if it exists, will be implicitly prepended to any document read by Coq, whether it is an interactive session or a file to compile. Here, ``$XDG_CONFIG_HOME`` is the configuration directory of the user (by default its home directory ``~/.config``) and ``xxx`` is the version number (e.g. 8.8). If this file is not found, then the file ``$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/coqrc`` is searched. If not found, it is the file ``~/.coqrc.xxx`` which is searched, and, if still not found, the file ``~/.coqrc``. If the latter is also absent, no resource file is loaded. You can also specify an arbitrary name for the resource file (see option ``-init-file`` below). The resource file may contain, for instance, ``Add LoadPath`` commands to add directories to the load path of |Coq|. It is possible to skip the loading of the resource file with the option ``-q``. .. _customization-by-environment-variables: By environment variables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Load path can be specified to the |Coq| system by setting up ``$COQPATH`` environment variable. It is a list of directories separated by ``:`` (``;`` on Windows). |Coq| will also honor ``$XDG_DATA_HOME`` and ``$XDG_DATA_DIRS`` (see Section :ref:`libraries-and-filesystem`). Some |Coq| commands call other |Coq| commands. In this case, they look for the commands in directory specified by ``$COQBIN``. If this variable is not set, they look for the commands in the executable path. The ``$COQ_COLORS`` environment variable can be used to specify the set of colors used by ``coqtop`` to highlight its output. It uses the same syntax as the ``$LS_COLORS`` variable from GNU’s ls, that is, a colon-separated list of assignments of the form ``name=``:n:``{*; attr}`` where ``name`` is the name of the corresponding highlight tag and each ``attrᵢ`` is an ANSI escape code. The list of highlight tags can be retrieved with the ``-list-tags`` command-line option of ``coqtop``. .. _command-line-options: By command line options ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The following command-line options are recognized by the commands ``coqc`` and ``coqtop``, unless stated otherwise: :-I *directory*, -include *directory*: Add physical path *directory* to the OCaml loadpath. See also: :ref:`names-of-libraries` and the command Declare ML Module Section :ref:`compiled-files`. :-Q *directory* dirpath: Add physical path *directory* to the list of directories where |Coq| looks for a file and bind it to the the logical directory *dirpath*. The subdirectory structure of *directory* is recursively available from |Coq| using absolute names (extending the dirpath prefix) (see Section :ref:`qualified-names`).Note that only those subdirectories and files which obey the lexical conventions of what is an :n:`@ident` are taken into account. Conversely, the underlying file systems or operating systems may be more restrictive than |Coq|. While Linux’s ext4 file system supports any |Coq| recursive layout (within the limit of 255 bytes per file name), the default on NTFS (Windows) or HFS+ (MacOS X) file systems is on the contrary to disallow two files differing only in the case in the same directory. See also: Section :ref:`names-of-libraries`. :-R *directory* dirpath: Do as -Q *directory* dirpath but make the subdirectory structure of *directory* recursively visible so that the recursive contents of physical *directory* is available from |Coq| using short or partially qualified names. See also: Section :ref:`names-of-libraries`. :-top dirpath: Set the toplevel module name to dirpath instead of Top. Not valid for `coqc` as the toplevel module name is inferred from the name of the output file. :-exclude-dir *directory*: Exclude any subdirectory named *directory* while processing options such as -R and -Q. By default, only the conventional version control management directories named CVS and_darcs are excluded. :-nois: Start from an empty state instead of loading the Init.Prelude module. :-init-file *file*: Load *file* as the resource file instead of loading the default resource file from the standard configuration directories. :-q: Do not to load the default resource file. :-load-ml-source *file*: Load the OCaml source file *file*. :-load-ml-object *file*: Load the OCaml object file *file*. :-l *file*, -load-vernac-source *file*: Load and execute the |Coq| script from *file.v*. :-lv *file*, -load-vernac-source-verbose *file*: Load and execute the |Coq| script from *file.v*. Output its content on the standard input as it is executed. :-load-vernac-object dirpath: Load |Coq| compiled library dirpath. This is equivalent to runningRequire dirpath. :-require dirpath: Load |Coq| compiled library dirpath and import it. This is equivalent to running Require Import dirpath. :-batch: Exit just after argument parsing. Available for `coqtop` only. :-compile *file.v*: Compile file *file.v* into *file.vo*. This options imply -batch (exit just after argument parsing). It is available only for `coqtop`, as this behavior is the purpose of `coqc`. :-compile-verbose *file.v*: Same as -compile but also output the content of *file.v* as it is compiled. :-verbose: Output the content of the input file as it is compiled. This option is available for `coqc` only; it is the counterpart of -compile-verbose. :-w (all|none|w₁,…,wₙ): Configure the display of warnings. This option expects all, none or a comma-separated list of warning names or categories (see Section :ref:`controlling-display`). :-color (on|off|auto): Enable or not the coloring of output of `coqtop`. Default is auto, meaning that `coqtop` dynamically decides, depending on whether the output channel supports ANSI escape sequences. :-beautify: Pretty-print each command to *file.beautified* when compiling *file.v*, in order to get old-fashioned syntax/definitions/notations. :-emacs, -ide-slave: Start a special toplevel to communicate with a specific IDE. :-impredicative-set: Change the logical theory of |Coq| by declaring the sort Set impredicative. Warning: This is known to be inconsistent with some standard axioms of classical mathematics such as the functional axiom of choice or the principle of description. :-type-in-type: Collapse the universe hierarchy of |Coq|. Warning: This makes the logic inconsistent. :-mangle-names *ident*: Experimental: Do not depend on this option. Replace Coq's auto-generated name scheme with names of the form *ident0*, *ident1*, etc. The command ``Set Mangle Names`` turns the behavior on in a document, and ``Set Mangle Names Prefix "ident"`` changes the used prefix. This feature is intended to be used as a linter for developments that want to be robust to changes in the auto-generated name scheme. The options are provided to facilitate tracking down problems. :-compat *version*: Attempt to maintain some backward-compatibility with a previous version. :-dump-glob *file*: Dump references for global names in file *file* (to be used by coqdoc, see :ref:`coqdoc`). By default, if *file.v* is being compiled, *file.glob* is used. :-no-glob: Disable the dumping of references for global names. :-image *file*: Set the binary image to be used by `coqc` to be *file* instead of the standard one. Not of general use. :-bindir *directory*: Set the directory containing |Coq| binaries to be used by `coqc`. It is equivalent to doing export COQBIN= *directory* before launching `coqc`. :-where: Print the location of |Coq|’s standard library and exit. :-config: Print the locations of |Coq|’s binaries, dependencies, and libraries, then exit. :-filteropts: Print the list of command line arguments that `coqtop` has recognized as options and exit. :-v: Print |Coq|’s version and exit. :-list-tags: Print the highlight tags known by |Coq| as well as their currently associated color and exit. :-h, --help: Print a short usage and exit. Compiled libraries checker (coqchk) ---------------------------------------- The ``coqchk`` command takes a list of library paths as argument, described either by their logical name or by their physical filename, hich must end in ``.vo``. The corresponding compiled libraries (``.vo`` files) are searched in the path, recursively processing the libraries they depend on. The content of all these libraries is then type-checked. The effect of ``coqchk`` is only to return with normal exit code in case of success, and with positive exit code if an error has been found. Error messages are not deemed to help the user understand what is wrong. In the current version, it does not modify the compiled libraries to mark them as successfully checked. Note that non-logical information is not checked. By logical information, we mean the type and optional body associated to names. It excludes for instance anything related to the concrete syntax of objects (customized syntax rules, association between short and long names), implicit arguments, etc. This tool can be used for several purposes. One is to check that a compiled library provided by a third-party has not been forged and that loading it cannot introduce inconsistencies [#]_. Another point is to get an even higher level of security. Since ``coqtop`` can be extended with custom tactics, possibly ill-typed code, it cannot be guaranteed that the produced compiled libraries are correct. ``coqchk`` is a standalone verifier, and thus it cannot be tainted by such malicious code. Command-line options ``-Q``, ``-R``, ``-where`` and ``-impredicative-set`` are supported by ``coqchk`` and have the same meaning as for ``coqtop``. As there is no notion of relative paths in object files ``-Q`` and ``-R`` have exactly the same meaning. :-norec *module*: Check *module* but do not check its dependencies. :-admit *module*: Do not check *module* and any of its dependencies, unless explicitly required. :-o: At exit, print a summary about the context. List the names of all assumptions and variables (constants without body). :-silent: Do not write progress information in standard output. Environment variable ``$COQLIB`` can be set to override the location of the standard library. The algorithm for deciding which modules are checked or admitted is the following: assuming that ``coqchk`` is called with argument ``M``, option ``-norec N``, and ``-admit A``. Let us write :math:`\overline{S}` for the set of reflexive transitive dependencies of set :math:`S`. Then: + Modules :math:`C = \overline{M} \backslash \overline{A} \cup M \cup N` are loaded and type-checked before being added to the context. + And :math:`M \cup N \backslash C` is the set of modules that are loaded and added to the context without type-checking. Basic integrity checks (checksums) are nonetheless performed. As a rule of thumb, the -admit can be used to tell that some libraries have already been checked. So ``coqchk A B`` can be split in ``coqchk A`` && ``coqchk B -admit A`` without type-checking any definition twice. Of course, the latter is slightly slower since it makes more disk access. It is also less secure since an attacker might have replaced the compiled library ``A`` after it has been read by the first command, but before it has been read by the second command. .. [#] Ill-formed non-logical information might for instance bind Coq.Init.Logic.True to short name False, so apparently False is inhabited, but using fully qualified names, Coq.Init.Logic.False will always refer to the absurd proposition, what we guarantee is that there is no proof of this latter constant.