Represents an executable command, including its arguments and * runtime environment (environment variables, working directory). This class * lets a caller execute a command, get its results, and optionally try to kill * the task during execution.
* *The use of "shell" in the full name of this class is a misnomer. In * terms of the way its arguments are interpreted, this class is closer to * {@code execve(2)} than to {@code system(3)}. No Bourne shell is executed. * *
The most basic use-case for this class is as follows: *
* String[] args = { "/bin/du", "-s", directory };
* CommandResult result = new Command(args).execute();
* String output = new String(result.getStdout());
*
* which writes the output of the {@code du(1)} command into {@code output}.
* More complex cases might inspect the stderr stream, kill the subprocess
* asynchronously, feed input to its standard input, handle the exceptions
* thrown if the command fails, or print the termination status (exit code or
* signal name).
*
* Perhaps the most common command invoked programmatically is the UNIX * shell, {@code /bin/sh}. Because the shell is a general-purpose programming * language, care must be taken to ensure that variable parts of the shell * command (e.g. strings entered by the user) do not contain shell * metacharacters, as this poses a correctness and/or security risk. * *
To execute a shell command directly, use the following pattern: *
* String[] args = { "/bin/sh", "-c", shellCommand };
* CommandResult result = new Command(args).execute();
*
* {@code shellCommand} is a complete Bourne shell program, possibly containing
* all kinds of unescaped metacharacters. For example, here's a shell command
* that enumerates the working directories of all processes named "foo":
* ps auxx | grep foo | awk '{print $1}' |
* while read pid; do readlink /proc/$pid/cwd; done
* It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that this string means what
* they intend.
*
* Consider the risk posed by allowing the "foo" part of the previous * command to be some arbitrary (untrusted) string called {@code processName}: *
* // WARNING: unsafe!
* String shellCommand = "ps auxx | grep " + processName + " | awk '{print $1}' | "
* + "while read pid; do readlink /proc/$pid/cwd; done";
*
* Passing this string to {@link Command} is unsafe because if the string
* {@processName} contains shell metacharacters, the meaning of the command can
* be arbitrarily changed; consider:
* String processName = ". ; rm -fr $HOME & ";* *
To defend against this possibility, it is essential to properly quote the * variable portions of the shell command so that shell metacharacters are * escaped. Use {@link ShellUtils#shellEscape} for this purpose: *
* // Safe.
* String shellCommand = "ps auxx | grep " + ShellUtils.shellEscape(processName)
* + " | awk '{print $1}' | while read pid; do readlink /proc/$pid/cwd; done";
*
*
* Tip: if you are only invoking a single known command, and no shell * features (e.g. $PATH lookup, output redirection, pipelines, etc) are needed, * call it directly without using a shell, as in the {@code du(1)} example * above. * *
A caller can optionally specify bytes to be written to the process's * "stdin". The returned {@link CommandResult} object gives the caller access to * the exit status, as well as output from "stdout" and "stderr". To use * this class with processes that generate very large amounts of input/output, * consider * {@link #execute(InputStream, KillableObserver, OutputStream, OutputStream)} * and * {@link #execute(byte[], KillableObserver, OutputStream, OutputStream)}. *
* *This class ensures that stdout and stderr streams are read promptly,
* avoiding potential deadlock if the output is large. See When
* Runtime.exec() won't.
This class is immutable and therefore thread-safe.
*/ public final class Command { private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger("com.google.devtools.build.lib.shell.Command"); /** * Pass this value to {@link #execute(byte[])} to indicate that no input * should be written to stdin. */ public static final byte[] NO_INPUT = new byte[0]; private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0]; /** * Pass this to {@link #execute(byte[], KillableObserver, boolean)} to * indicate that you do not wish to observe / kill the underlying * process. */ public static final KillableObserver NO_OBSERVER = new KillableObserver() { @Override public void startObserving(final Killable killable) { // do nothing } @Override public void stopObserving(final Killable killable) { // do nothing } }; private final ProcessBuilder processBuilder; // Start of public API ----------------------------------------------------- /** * Creates a new {@link Command} that will execute a command line that * is described by a {@link ProcessBuilder}. Command line elements, * environment, and working directory are taken from this object. The * command line is executed exactly as given, without a shell. * * @param processBuilder {@link ProcessBuilder} describing command line * to execute */ public Command(final ProcessBuilder processBuilder) { this(processBuilder.command().toArray(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY), processBuilder.environment(), processBuilder.directory()); } /** * Creates a new {@link Command} for the given command line elements. The * command line is executed exactly as given, without a shell. * Subsequent calls to {@link #execute()} will use the JVM's working * directory and environment. * * @param commandLineElements elements of raw command line to execute * @throws IllegalArgumentException if commandLine is null or empty */ /* TODO(bazel-team): Use varargs here */ public Command(final String[] commandLineElements) { this(commandLineElements, null, null); } /** * Creates a new {@link Command} for the given command line elements. The * command line is executed without a shell. * * The given environment variables and working directory are used in subsequent * calls to {@link #execute()}. * * This command treats the 0-th element of {@code commandLineElement} * (the name of an executable to run) specially. *Execute this command with given input to stdin. This call will block * until the process completes or an error occurs. Caller may specify * whether the method should ignore stdout/stderr output. If the * given number of milliseconds elapses before the command has * completed, this method will attempt to kill the command.
* * @param stdinInput bytes to be written to process's stdin, or * {@link #NO_INPUT} if no bytes should be written * @param timeout number of milliseconds to wait for command completion * before attempting to kill the command * @param ignoreOutput if true, method will ignore stdout/stderr output * and return value will not contain this data * @return {@link CommandResult} representing result of the execution * @throws ExecFailedException if {@link Runtime#exec(String[])} fails for any * reason * @throws AbnormalTerminationException if an {@link IOException} is * encountered while reading from the process, or the process was terminated * due to a signal. * @throws BadExitStatusException if the process exits with a * non-zero status * @throws NullPointerException if stdin is null */ public CommandResult execute(final byte[] stdinInput, final long timeout, final boolean ignoreOutput) throws CommandException { return execute(stdinInput, new TimeoutKillableObserver(timeout), ignoreOutput); } /** *Execute this command with given input to stdin. This call will block * until the process completes or an error occurs. Caller may specify * whether the method should ignore stdout/stderr output. The given {@link * KillableObserver} may also terminate the process early while running.
* * @param stdinInput bytes to be written to process's stdin, or * {@link #NO_INPUT} if no bytes should be written * @param observer {@link KillableObserver} that should observe the running * process, or {@link #NO_OBSERVER} if caller does not wish to kill * the process * @param ignoreOutput if true, method will ignore stdout/stderr output * and return value will not contain this data * @return {@link CommandResult} representing result of the execution * @throws ExecFailedException if {@link Runtime#exec(String[])} fails for any * reason * @throws AbnormalTerminationException if the process is interrupted (or * killed) before completion, if an {@link IOException} is encountered while * reading from the process, or the process was terminated due to a signal. * @throws BadExitStatusException if the process exits with a * non-zero status * @throws NullPointerException if stdin is null */ public CommandResult execute(final byte[] stdinInput, final KillableObserver observer, final boolean ignoreOutput) throws CommandException { // supporting "null" here for backwards compatibility final KillableObserver theObserver = observer == null ? NO_OBSERVER : observer; return doExecute(new ByteArrayInputSource(stdinInput), theObserver, ignoreOutput ? Consumers.createDiscardingConsumers() : Consumers.createAccumulatingConsumers(), /*killSubprocess=*/false, /*closeOutput=*/false).get(); } /** *Execute this command with given input to stdin. This call blocks * until the process completes or an error occurs. The caller provides * {@link OutputStream} instances into which the process writes its * stdout/stderr output; these streams are not closed when the * process terminates. The given {@link KillableObserver} may also * terminate the process early while running.
* *Note that stdout and stderr are written concurrently. If these are * aliased to each other, it is the caller's duty to ensure thread safety. *
* * @param stdinInput bytes to be written to process's stdin, or * {@link #NO_INPUT} if no bytes should be written * @param observer {@link KillableObserver} that should observe the running * process, or {@link #NO_OBSERVER} if caller does not wish to kill the * process * @param stdOut the process will write its standard output into this stream. * E.g., you could pass {@link System#out} asstdOut.
* @param stdErr the process will write its standard error into this stream.
* E.g., you could pass {@link System#err} as stdErr.
* @return {@link CommandResult} representing result of the execution. Note
* that {@link CommandResult#getStdout()} and
* {@link CommandResult#getStderr()} will yield {@link IllegalStateException}
* in this case, as the output is written to stdOut/stdErr
* instead.
* @throws ExecFailedException if {@link Runtime#exec(String[])} fails for any
* reason
* @throws AbnormalTerminationException if the process is interrupted (or
* killed) before completion, if an {@link IOException} is encountered while
* reading from the process, or the process was terminated due to a signal.
* @throws BadExitStatusException if the process exits with a
* non-zero status
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null.
*/
public CommandResult execute(final byte[] stdinInput,
final KillableObserver observer,
final OutputStream stdOut,
final OutputStream stdErr)
throws CommandException {
return execute(stdinInput, observer, stdOut, stdErr, false);
}
/**
* Like {@link #execute(byte[], KillableObserver, OutputStream, OutputStream)}
* but enables setting of the killSubprocessOnInterrupt attribute.
*
* @param killSubprocessOnInterrupt if set to true, the execution of
* this command is interruptible: in other words, if this thread is
* interrupted during a call to execute, the subprocess will be terminated
* and the call will return in a timely manner. If false, the subprocess
* will run to completion; this is the default value use by all other
* constructors. The thread's interrupted status is preserved in all cases,
* however.
*/
public CommandResult execute(final byte[] stdinInput,
final KillableObserver observer,
final OutputStream stdOut,
final OutputStream stdErr,
final boolean killSubprocessOnInterrupt)
throws CommandException {
nullCheck(stdinInput, "stdinInput");
nullCheck(observer, "observer");
nullCheck(stdOut, "stdOut");
nullCheck(stdErr, "stdErr");
return doExecute(new ByteArrayInputSource(stdinInput),
observer,
Consumers.createStreamingConsumers(stdOut, stdErr),
killSubprocessOnInterrupt, false).get();
}
/**
* Execute this command with given input to stdin; this stream is closed * when the process terminates, and exceptions raised when closing this * stream are ignored. This call blocks * until the process completes or an error occurs. The caller provides * {@link OutputStream} instances into which the process writes its * stdout/stderr output; these streams are not closed when the * process terminates. The given {@link KillableObserver} may also * terminate the process early while running.
* * @param stdinInput The input to this process's stdin * @param observer {@link KillableObserver} that should observe the running * process, or {@link #NO_OBSERVER} if caller does not wish to kill the * process * @param stdOut the process will write its standard output into this stream. * E.g., you could pass {@link System#out} asstdOut.
* @param stdErr the process will write its standard error into this stream.
* E.g., you could pass {@link System#err} as stdErr.
* @return {@link CommandResult} representing result of the execution. Note
* that {@link CommandResult#getStdout()} and
* {@link CommandResult#getStderr()} will yield {@link IllegalStateException}
* in this case, as the output is written to stdOut/stdErr
* instead.
* @throws ExecFailedException if {@link Runtime#exec(String[])} fails for any
* reason
* @throws AbnormalTerminationException if the process is interrupted (or
* killed) before completion, if an {@link IOException} is encountered while
* reading from the process, or the process was terminated due to a signal.
* @throws BadExitStatusException if the process exits with a
* non-zero status
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null.
*/
public CommandResult execute(final InputStream stdinInput,
final KillableObserver observer,
final OutputStream stdOut,
final OutputStream stdErr)
throws CommandException {
nullCheck(stdinInput, "stdinInput");
nullCheck(observer, "observer");
nullCheck(stdOut, "stdOut");
nullCheck(stdErr, "stdErr");
return doExecute(new InputStreamInputSource(stdinInput),
observer,
Consumers.createStreamingConsumers(stdOut, stdErr),
/*killSubprocess=*/false, /*closeOutput=*/false).get();
}
/**
* Execute this command with given input to stdin; this stream is closed * when the process terminates, and exceptions raised when closing this * stream are ignored. This call blocks * until the process completes or an error occurs. The caller provides * {@link OutputStream} instances into which the process writes its * stdout/stderr output; these streams are closed when the process terminates * if closeOut is set. The given {@link KillableObserver} may also * terminate the process early while running.
* * @param stdinInput The input to this process's stdin * @param observer {@link KillableObserver} that should observe the running * process, or {@link #NO_OBSERVER} if caller does not wish to kill the * process * @param stdOut the process will write its standard output into this stream. * E.g., you could pass {@link System#out} asstdOut.
* @param stdErr the process will write its standard error into this stream.
* E.g., you could pass {@link System#err} as stdErr.
* @param closeOut whether to close the output streams when the subprocess
* terminates.
* @return {@link CommandResult} representing result of the execution. Note
* that {@link CommandResult#getStdout()} and
* {@link CommandResult#getStderr()} will yield {@link IllegalStateException}
* in this case, as the output is written to stdOut/stdErr
* instead.
* @throws ExecFailedException if {@link Runtime#exec(String[])} fails for any
* reason
* @throws AbnormalTerminationException if the process is interrupted (or
* killed) before completion, if an {@link IOException} is encountered while
* reading from the process, or the process was terminated due to a signal.
* @throws BadExitStatusException if the process exits with a
* non-zero status
* @throws NullPointerException if any argument is null.
*/
public CommandResult execute(final InputStream stdinInput,
final KillableObserver observer,
final OutputStream stdOut,
final OutputStream stdErr,
boolean closeOut)
throws CommandException {
nullCheck(stdinInput, "stdinInput");
nullCheck(observer, "observer");
nullCheck(stdOut, "stdOut");
nullCheck(stdErr, "stdErr");
return doExecute(new InputStreamInputSource(stdinInput),
observer,
Consumers.createStreamingConsumers(stdOut, stdErr),
false, closeOut).get();
}
/**
* Executes this command with the given stdinInput, but does not * wait for it to complete. The caller may choose to observe the status * of the launched process by calling methods on the returned object. * * @param stdinInput bytes to be written to process's stdin, or * {@link #NO_INPUT} if no bytes should be written * @return An object that can be used to check if the process terminated and * obtain the process results. * @throws ExecFailedException if {@link Runtime#exec(String[])} fails for any * reason * @throws NullPointerException if stdin is null */ public FutureCommandResult executeAsynchronously(final byte[] stdinInput) throws CommandException { return executeAsynchronously(stdinInput, NO_OBSERVER); } /** *
Executes this command with the given input to stdin, but does * not wait for it to complete. The caller may choose to observe the * status of the launched process by calling methods on the returned * object. This method performs the minimum cleanup after the * process terminates: It closes the input stream, and it ignores * exceptions that result from closing it. The given {@link * KillableObserver} may also terminate the process early while * running.
* *Note that in this case the {@link KillableObserver} will be assigned * to start observing the process via * {@link KillableObserver#startObserving(Killable)} but will only be * unassigned via {@link KillableObserver#stopObserving(Killable)}, if * {@link FutureCommandResult#get()} is called. If the * {@link KillableObserver} implementation used with this method will * not work correctly without calls to * {@link KillableObserver#stopObserving(Killable)} then a new instance * should be used for each call to this method.
* * @param stdinInput bytes to be written to process's stdin, or * {@link #NO_INPUT} if no bytes should be written * @param observer {@link KillableObserver} that should observe the running * process, or {@link #NO_OBSERVER} if caller does not wish to kill * the process * @return An object that can be used to check if the process terminated and * obtain the process results. * @throws ExecFailedException if {@link Runtime#exec(String[])} fails for any * reason * @throws NullPointerException if stdin is null */ public FutureCommandResult executeAsynchronously(final byte[] stdinInput, final KillableObserver observer) throws CommandException { // supporting "null" here for backwards compatibility final KillableObserver theObserver = observer == null ? NO_OBSERVER : observer; nullCheck(stdinInput, "stdinInput"); return doExecute(new ByteArrayInputSource(stdinInput), theObserver, Consumers.createDiscardingConsumers(), /*killSubprocess=*/false, /*closeOutput=*/false); } /** *Executes this command with the given input to stdin, but does * not wait for it to complete. The caller may choose to observe the * status of the launched process by calling methods on the returned * object. This method performs the minimum cleanup after the * process terminates: It closes the input stream, and it ignores * exceptions that result from closing it. The caller provides * {@link OutputStream} instances into which the process writes its * stdout/stderr output; these streams are not closed when * the process terminates. The given {@link KillableObserver} may * also terminate the process early while running.
* *Note that stdout and stderr are written concurrently. If these are * aliased to each other, or if the caller continues to write to these * streams, it is the caller's duty to ensure thread safety. *
* *Note that in this case the {@link KillableObserver} will be assigned * to start observing the process via * {@link KillableObserver#startObserving(Killable)} but will only be * unassigned via {@link KillableObserver#stopObserving(Killable)}, if * {@link FutureCommandResult#get()} is called. If the * {@link KillableObserver} implementation used with this method will * not work correctly without calls to * {@link KillableObserver#stopObserving(Killable)} then a new instance * should be used for each call to this method.
* * @param stdinInput The input to this process's stdin * @param observer {@link KillableObserver} that should observe the running * process, or {@link #NO_OBSERVER} if caller does not wish to kill * the process * @param stdOut the process will write its standard output into this stream. * E.g., you could pass {@link System#out} asstdOut.
* @param stdErr the process will write its standard error into this stream.
* E.g., you could pass {@link System#err} as stdErr.
* @param closeOutput whether to close stdout / stderr when the process closes its output streams.
* @return An object that can be used to check if the process terminated and
* obtain the process results.
* @throws ExecFailedException if {@link Runtime#exec(String[])} fails for any
* reason
* @throws NullPointerException if stdin is null
*/
public FutureCommandResult executeAsynchronously(final InputStream stdinInput,
final KillableObserver observer,
final OutputStream stdOut,
final OutputStream stdErr,
final boolean closeOutput)
throws CommandException {
// supporting "null" here for backwards compatibility
final KillableObserver theObserver =
observer == null ? NO_OBSERVER : observer;
nullCheck(stdinInput, "stdinInput");
return doExecute(new InputStreamInputSource(stdinInput),
theObserver,
Consumers.createStreamingConsumers(stdOut, stdErr),
/*killSubprocess=*/false, closeOutput);
}
public FutureCommandResult executeAsynchronously(final InputStream stdinInput,
final KillableObserver observer,
final OutputStream stdOut,
final OutputStream stdErr)
throws CommandException {
return executeAsynchronously(stdinInput, observer, stdOut, stdErr, /*closeOutput=*/false);
}
// End of public API -------------------------------------------------------
private void nullCheck(Object argument, String argumentName) {
if (argument == null) {
String message = argumentName + " argument must not be null.";
throw new NullPointerException(message);
}
}
private FutureCommandResult doExecute(final InputSource stdinInput,
final KillableObserver observer,
final Consumers.OutErrConsumers outErrConsumers,
final boolean killSubprocessOnInterrupt,
final boolean closeOutputStreams)
throws CommandException {
logCommand();
final Process process = startProcess();
outErrConsumers.logConsumptionStrategy();
outErrConsumers.registerInputs(process.getInputStream(),
process.getErrorStream(),
closeOutputStreams);
processInput(stdinInput, process);
// TODO(bazel-team): if the input stream is unbounded, observers will not get start
// notification in a timely manner!
final Killable processKillable = observeProcess(process, observer);
return new FutureCommandResult() {
@Override
public CommandResult get() throws AbnormalTerminationException {
return waitForProcessToComplete(process,
observer,
processKillable,
outErrConsumers,
killSubprocessOnInterrupt);
}
@Override
public boolean isDone() {
try {
// exitValue seems to be the only non-blocking call for
// checking process liveness.
process.exitValue();
return true;
} catch (IllegalThreadStateException e) {
return false;
}
}
};
}
private Process startProcess()
throws ExecFailedException {
try {
return processBuilder.start();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new ExecFailedException(this, ioe);
}
}
private static interface InputSource {
void copyTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException;
boolean isEmpty();
String toLogString(String sourceName);
}
private static class ByteArrayInputSource implements InputSource {
private byte[] bytes;
ByteArrayInputSource(byte[] bytes){
this.bytes = bytes;
}
@Override
public void copyTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
out.write(bytes);
out.flush();
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return bytes.length == 0;
}
@Override
public String toLogString(String sourceName) {
if (isEmpty()) {
return "No input to " + sourceName;
} else {
return "Input to " + sourceName + ": " +
LogUtil.toTruncatedString(bytes);
}
}
}
private static class InputStreamInputSource implements InputSource {
private InputStream inputStream;
InputStreamInputSource(InputStream inputStream){
this.inputStream = inputStream;
}
@Override
public void copyTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
byte[] buf = new byte[4096];
int r;
while ((r = inputStream.read(buf)) != -1) {
out.write(buf, 0, r);
out.flush();
}
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return false;
}
@Override
public String toLogString(String sourceName) {
return "Input to " + sourceName + " is a stream.";
}
}
private static void processInput(final InputSource stdinInput,
final Process process) {
if (log.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
log.finer(stdinInput.toLogString("stdin"));
}
try {
if (stdinInput.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
stdinInput.copyTo(process.getOutputStream());
} catch (IOException ioe) {
// Note: this is not an error! Perhaps the command just isn't hungry for
// our input and exited with success. Process.waitFor (later) will tell
// us.
//
// (Unlike out/err streams, which are read asynchronously, the input stream is written
// synchronously, in its entirety, before processInput returns. If the input is
// infinite, and is passed through e.g. "cat" subprocess and back into the
// ByteArrayOutputStream, that will eventually run out of memory, causing the output stream
// to be closed, "cat" to terminate with SIGPIPE, and processInput to receive an IOException.
} finally {
// if this statement is ever deleted, the process's outputStream
// must be closed elsewhere -- it is not closed automatically
Command.silentClose(process.getOutputStream());
}
}
private static Killable observeProcess(final Process process,
final KillableObserver observer) {
final Killable processKillable = new ProcessKillable(process);
observer.startObserving(processKillable);
return processKillable;
}
private CommandResult waitForProcessToComplete(
final Process process,
final KillableObserver observer,
final Killable processKillable,
final Consumers.OutErrConsumers outErr,
final boolean killSubprocessOnInterrupt)
throws AbnormalTerminationException {
log.finer("Waiting for process...");
TerminationStatus status =
waitForProcess(process, killSubprocessOnInterrupt);
observer.stopObserving(processKillable);
log.finer(status.toString());
try {
outErr.waitForCompletion();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
CommandResult noOutputResult =
new CommandResult(CommandResult.EMPTY_OUTPUT,
CommandResult.EMPTY_OUTPUT,
status);
if (status.success()) {
// If command was otherwise successful, throw an exception about this
throw new AbnormalTerminationException(this, noOutputResult, ioe);
} else {
// Otherwise, throw the more important exception -- command
// was not successful
String message = status
+ "; also encountered an error while attempting to retrieve output";
throw status.exited()
? new BadExitStatusException(this, noOutputResult, message, ioe)
: new AbnormalTerminationException(this,
noOutputResult, message, ioe);
}
}
CommandResult result = new CommandResult(outErr.getAccumulatedOut(),
outErr.getAccumulatedErr(),
status);
result.logThis();
if (status.success()) {
return result;
} else if (status.exited()) {
throw new BadExitStatusException(this, result, status.toString());
} else {
throw new AbnormalTerminationException(this, result, status.toString());
}
}
private static TerminationStatus waitForProcess(Process process,
boolean killSubprocessOnInterrupt) {
boolean wasInterrupted = false;
try {
while (true) {
try {
return new TerminationStatus(process.waitFor());
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
wasInterrupted = true;
if (killSubprocessOnInterrupt) {
process.destroy();
}
}
}
} finally {
// Read this for detailed explanation: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/j-jtp05236/
if (wasInterrupted) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); // preserve interrupted status
}
}
}
private void logCommand() {
if (!log.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
return;
}
log.fine(toDebugString());
}
/**
* A string representation of this command object which includes
* the arguments, the environment, and the working directory. Avoid
* relying on the specifics of this format. Note that the size
* of the result string will reflect the size of the command.
*/
public String toDebugString() {
StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder(128);
message.append("Executing (without brackets):");
for (final String arg : processBuilder.command()) {
message.append(" [");
message.append(arg);
message.append(']');
}
message.append("; environment: ");
message.append(processBuilder.environment());
final File workingDirectory = processBuilder.directory();
message.append("; working dir: ");
message.append(workingDirectory == null ?
"(current)" :
workingDirectory.toString());
return message.toString();
}
/**
* Close the out stream and log a warning if anything happens.
*/
private static void silentClose(final OutputStream out) {
try {
out.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
String message = "Unexpected exception while closing output stream";
log.log(Level.WARNING, message, ioe);
}
}
}